Mark and Ilyssas Review Guide

Exam 4
Key Concepts:

Multicellularity
Tissues
Cell-cell

Signal Transduction
Cancer
Immune System

Multicellularity
o What are the three themes of multicellularity?
o In what way do cells efficiently accomplish their
specific functions?
o How does the function of a cell affect its organelles?
(quantity, structure, etc.)
Tissues
o What are the four types of tissues?
o What is the importance of epithelial cells?
o Describe the structure of epithelial cells
o What are the three different types of muscle cells?
o How do muscle cells contract?
o What are the main organelles found in muscle cells?
o Where in your body would you find smooth muscles?
o Compare the structure and function of each type of
muscle tissue
o What is the structure of a neuron?
o How are signals transferred in neurons?
o Give examples of the different connective tissues.
What are their functions?
Cell-cell Interaction
o Describe the structure of collagen fibers
o What is the purpose of proteoglycans?
o Where are integrin proteins found?
o Describe the functions of tight junctions,
desmosomes, and gap junctions. In what kind of cells
is each of these found?
Signal Transduction
o Where are local signals excreted? Non-local?
o Compare cell receptors to enzymes
o What cant all cells receive all signals in the body?

o What are the two types of amplification? How do they

work?
o Compare G-protein linked receptors to enzyme linked
receptors
o What is the structure and function of epinephrine?
o How do the two receptors for epinephrine differ?
Cancer
o What are tumor suppressor proteins? Protooncogenes?
o How do cyclin and CDK interact throughout the cell
cycle?
o How does the Cyclin E-CDK unit regulate gene
expression?
o What steps do cells take to differentiate?
Immune System
o What is the innate immune system?
o What steps occur at the site of a wound?
o Where does vasodilation take place?
Vasoconstriction?
o How do neutrophils find the site of a wound?