1

CHAPTER 4: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL

QUESTION 1
1. A group of student carried out an experiment to study the effect of temperature on

the rate of amylase reaction on starch.

Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan suhu terhadap
kadar tindakbalas amilase terhadap kanji.
Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up of the experiment.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk eksperimen tersebut.
Step 1

: 1ml of saliva solution and 5 ml of 1% starch suspension were placed in

two different test tube in a water bath at 5 C for 5 minute.
Langkah 1 : 1ml larutan air liur dan 5 ml 1% ampaian kanji diletakkan ke dalam dua
tabung uji yang berbeza di dalam kukus air 5 C selama 5 minit.
Step 2
Langkah 2

: After 5 minute the saliva solution was added to the starch suspension.
: Selepas 5 minit larutan air liur itu dimasukkan ke dalam ampaian kanji
tersebut.

Step 3

: At one minute intervals two drop of the mixture was withdrawn with
a dropper and placed on a drop of iodine solution on a white tile.
: Dalam selang masa satu minit, dua titis campuran itu di ambil
menggunakan penitis dan dititiskan pada satu titik larutan iodin di atas
jubin putih.

Langkah 3

Step 4
Langkah 4
Step 5
Langkah 5

: Step 3 was repeated until the blue black solution turn into yellowish.
The time taken is recorded.
: Langkah 3 diulang sehingga warna larutan biru gelap bertukar
kekuningan. Masa yang diambil dicatatkan.
: Step 1 to 5 is repeated using water baths at 5 C, 28 C,37 C , 45 C
and 55 C.
: Langkah 1 hingga langkah 4 di ulang dengan menggunakan suhu
kukus 5 C, 28 C,37 C , 45 C dan 55 C.

water
air

ice
ais
5 ml of 1% starch suspension
5 ml 1% ampaian kanji

1 ml of saliva solution
1 ml larutan air liur
Diagram 1
Rajah 1

(a) Record the time taken for the iodine solution remains yellowish in the boxes
provided in Table 1.
Rekodkan masa yang di ambil untuk warna iodine kekal kekuningan di dalam
kotak yang disediakan dalam Jadual 1.
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]

Temperature
Suhu ( C)

Time taken for iodine solution remains yellowish / (minute)

Masa yang diambil untuk warna iodine kekal kekuningan/ (minit)

3
For
Examiners
Use

28

1(a)
3

37

45

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Table 1
Jadual 1

(b) (i)

State two different observations made from Table 1.

Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang berbeza yang dibuat daripada Jadual 1.

For
Examiners
Use

Observation 1 /
Pemerhatian 1 :
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Observation 2 /
Pemerhatian 2 :
__________________________________________________________
1(b)(i)

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]

(ii)

State the inference which corresponds to the observations in 1 (b) (i).

Nyatakan inferens yang sepadan dengan pemerhatian di 1 (b) (i).
Inference from observation 1 /
Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1 :
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Inference from observation 2 /
Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2 :
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]

For
Examiners
Use

(c) Complete Table 2 based on this experiment

Lengkapkan Jadual 2 berdasarkan eksprimen ini
Variable

Method to handle the variable

Pembolehubah

Cara mengendali pembolehubah

Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasi
________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

Responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerakbalas
________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

Constant variable
Pembolehubah dimalarkan
________________________
________________________

1(b)(ii)
3

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________________________
1(c)
3

________________________
________________________
________________________
Table 2
Jadual 2

[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]

(d)

State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

1(d)
3

_______________________________________________________________
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]

(e) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this experiment.
Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul dalam eksperimen
ini.
Your table should have the following title.
Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi tajuk-tajuk berikut.`
Temperature
Suhu
Time taken for iodine solution remains yellowish
Masa yang di ambil untuk warna iodin kekal kekuningan
Rate of enzyme reaction
Kadar tindakbalas enzim

For
Examiners
Use

1(e)(i)
3

[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]

(ii)

Use the graph paper provided on page 8 to answer this part of

question. Using the data in 1(e)(i), draw the graph of the rate of
enzyme reaction against the temperature.
Gunakan kertas graf yang disediakan dalam di mukasurat 8 untuk
menjawab soalan bahagian ini. Menggunakan data 1(e)(i), lukiskan
graf kadar tindakbalas enzim melawan suhu.
1(e)(ii)

[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]

For
Examiners
Use

(f)

Based on the graph in 1 (e) (ii) , explain the relationship between rate of enzyme
reaction and temperature .
Berdasarkan kepada graf di 1 (e) (ii), terangkan hubungan antara kadar
tindakbalas enzim dengan suhu.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]

(g) This experiment is repeated by increasing the concentration of the saliva

solution. Predict the time taken for iodine solution remains yellowish.
Explain your prediction.
Eksperimen ini diulang dengan menambah kepekatan larutan air liur. Ramalkan
masa yang di ambil untuk warna iodine kekal kekuningan.
Terangkan ramalan anda.

1(f)
3

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]

1(g)
3

(h) Based on the result from the experiment what can be deduced about enzyme.
Berdasarkan keputusan daripada eksperimen ini, apakah yang dapat dirumuskan
tentang enzim.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
1(h)

_______________________________________________________________
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]

For
Examiners
Use

(i) The following is a list of enzyme and medium for reaction.

Berikut ialah senarai enzim dan medium untuk bertindakbalas.
Alkaline
Beralkali

Trypsin
Tripsin

Amylase
Amilase

Pepsin
Pepsin

Neutral
Neutral

Acidic
Berasid

Classify the enzyme with the suitable medium for reaction in Table 3.
Klasifikasikan enzim tersebut dengan medium tindakbalas yang sesuai di
dalam Jadual 3.

Enzyme
Enzim

Medium for reaction

Medium untuk bertindakbalas

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Table 3
Jadual 3

1(i)
3

[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]

QUESTION 3
Egg white consists of albumen , a tertiary structure of protein. When reacts with enzyme
pepsin, the albumen will be digested into shorter chain of peptide . The concentration of
albumen may affect the rate of pepsin reaction.
Putih telur terdiri daripada albumen, iaitu protein daripada struktur tertier. Apabila
bertindak balas dengan pepsin, albumen akan dicernakan kepada rantai peptide yang
lebih pendek. Kepekatan albumen akan mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas pepsin.
Based on the information, design a laboratory experiment to study the effect of albumen
concentration on the rate of pepsin reaction.
Berdasarkan maklumat tersebut, reka bentuk satu eksperimen makmal untuk mengkaji
kesan kepekatan albumen terhadap kadar tindak balas pepsin.
The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:
Perancangan eksperimen anda hendaklah meliputi aspek-aspek berikut:

Problem statement
Penyataan masalah

Objective of investigation
Objektif kajian

11

Variables
Pembolehubah-pembolehubah

Hypothesis
Hipotesis

List of materials and apparatus

Senarai bahan dan radas digunakan

Technique used
Teknik yang digunakan

Experimental procedure or method

Kaedah atau prosedur eksperimen

Presentation of data
Cara data dipersembahkan

Conclusion
Kesimpulan

[17 marks]
[17 markah]

CHAPTER 8 : DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM

QUESTION 1
A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of intraspesific
competition on the growth of paddy seedlings.
Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan persaingan
Intraspesifik terhadap pertumbuhan anak benih padi.
Diagram 1 shows the apparatus set-up of the experiment.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk eksperimen tersebut.

10 cm

5cm

Tray A

Tray B

x 2cm x x x
x x x
x x x x x
x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x
x x Tray
x Cx x

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Kotak A

Kotak B

Kotak C

Diagram 1
Rajah 1
Step 1
Langkah 1

: Three seedlinging trays are filled with 4 kg of garden soil.

: Tiga kotak semaian diisikan dengan 4 kg tanah kebun.

Step 2
Langkah 2

: The trays are labeled as A, B and C.

: Kotak-kotak semaian dilabelkan A, B dan C.

Step 3

: In tray A, 30 paddy seedlings are seedlinged at a distance of 10 cm

intervals
In tray B, 30 paddy seedlings are seedlinged at a distance of 5cm
intervals
In tray C, 30 paddy seedlings are seedlinged at a distance of 2cm
intervals.
: Dalam kotak A, 30 anak benih padi ditanam pada jarak 10cm
berselang seli .
Dalam kotak B, 30 anak benih padi ditanam pada jarak 5 cm berselang
seli,
Dalam kotak C, 30 anak benih padi ditanam pada jarak 2 cm berselang
seli

Langkah 3

Step 4
Langkah 4

: Each tray is watered daily with the same amount of water for 30 days.
: Setiap kotak semaian disiram tiap-tiap hari dengan jumlah air yang
sama banyak untuk 30 hari.

Step 5

: After 30 days, remove10 paddy seedlings randomly from tray A, tray B

and tray C. The root of seedlings are washed and wipe dry.

Langkah 5

: Selepas 30 hari, 10 anak benih padi dikeluarkan secara rawak dari

kotak A,
kotak B dan kotak C. Akar anak benih dibersih dan dilapkan sehingga
kering.

Step 6
Langkah 6

: The dry weight of the paddy seedlings is recorded in Table 1.

: Berat kering anak benih padi dicatatkan dalam Jadual 1.

(b)

Record the dry weight of the paddy seedlings in the boxes provided in Table 1.
Rekodkan berat kering anak benih padi di dalam kotak yang disediakan dalam
Jadual 1.
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]

Distance between
paddy seedlings
Jarak antara anak
benih padi (cm)

Dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings / (g)

Berat kering 10 anak benih padi / (g)

13

10

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Table 1
Jadual 1

1(a)
3

(b) (i)

State two different observations made from Table 1.

Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang berbeza yang dibuat daripada Jadual 1.
Observation 1 :
Pemerhatian 1 :
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Observation 2 :
Pemerhatian 2 :
__________________________________________________________

For
Examiners
Use

15

1(b)(i)

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
[ 3 marks]
(ii)

State the inference which corresponds to the observations in 1 (b) (i).

Nyatakan inferens yang sepadan dengan pemerhatian di 1 (b) (i).
Inference from observation 1 :
Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1 :
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Inference from observation 2 :
Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2 :
1(b)(ii)

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
[ 3 marks]

For
Examiners
Use

(c) Complete Table 2 based on this experiment

Lengkapkan Jadual 2 berdasarkan eksprimen ini
Variable
Pembolehubah
Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasi

Method to handle the variable

Cara mengendali pembolehubah

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

Responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerakbalas
________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

16

________________________

________________________

Constant variable
Pembolehubah dimalarkan

1(c)
3

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________
Table 2
Jadual 2
[ 3 marks]
[3 markah]

(d)

State the hypothesis for this experiment.

Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.
_______________________________________________________________

1(d)
3

_______________________________________________________________
[ 3 marks]

(e) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this experiment.
Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul dalam eksperimen
ini.
Your table should have the following title.
Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi tajuk-tajuk berikut.`
Distance between paddy seedlings
Jarak antara anak benih padi
Dry weight of 10 paddy seedlings
Berat kering 10 anak benih padi
Growth rate of paddy seedling
Kadar pertumbuhan anak benih padi
Growth rate

Dry weight of paddy seedling

Number of days

For
Examiners
Use

17

Kadar Pertumbuhan =

Berat kering anak benih padi

Bilangan hari

1(e)(i)

[ 3 marks]

(iii)

Use the graph paper provided on page 7 to answer this part of question.
Using the data in 1(e)(i), draw the graph of the growth rate of paddy seedlings
against the distance between paddy seedling
Gunakan kertas graf yang disediakan dalam di mukasurat 7 untuk menjawab
soalan bahagian ini.
Menggunakan data 1(e)(i), lukiskan graf kadar pertumbuhan anak benih padi
melawan jarak antara anak benih padi.
[ 3 marks]

18

1(e)(ii)
3

(f)

Based on the graph in 1 (e) (ii) , explain the relationship between the growth rate
of paddy seedling and distance between seedling.
Berdasarkan kepada graf di 1 (e) (ii), terangkan hubungan antara kadar
perumbuhan anak benih padi dengan jarak antara anak benih.

For
Examiners
Use

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
1(f)

_______________________________________________________________
[ 3 marks]
(g) This experiment is repeated by increasing the distance between the paddy
seedlings to 20 cm.
Predict the observation.
Explain your prediction.

19
Eksperimen ini diulang dengan menambah jarak antara anak benih padi pada
20cm.
Ramalkan pemerhatian anda .
Terangkan ramalan anda.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

1(g)
3

[ 3 marks]
(h) Based on the result from the experiment, what is the operational definition of
intraspesific competition..
Berdasarkan keputusan daripada eksperimen ini, apakah definisi secara operasi
persaingan intraspesifik.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
[ 3 marks]

For
Examiners
Use

(i) When resources are in limited supply, organisms living in the same habitat will
compete for the same resources.
The following is a list of the resources.
Apabila sumber-sumber menjadi terhad, organisma hidup di habitat yang sama
akan bersaing untuk sumber yang sama.
Berikut ialah senarai sumber-sumber tersebut.

Food
Makanan
Water
Air

Space
Ruang

Light
Cahaya
Breeding mate
Pasangan mengawan

In Table 3, classify the resources given, according to what are the resources
competed by animals and resources competed by plants.

1(h)
3

20
Dalam Jadual 3, klasifikasikan sumber-sumber yand diberi, mengikut apakah
sumber-sumber yang disaingi oleh haiwan dan sumber-sumber yang disaingi
oleh tumbuhan.

Resources competed by animal

Sumber-sumber yang disaingi oleh
haiwan

Resources competed by plant

Sumber-sumber yang disaingi oleh
tumbuhan

1(i)
3

Table 3
Jadual 3
[ 3 marks]

QUESTION 4
A group of Biology students from a school is assigned to compare the population of
grass or lalang , Imperata cylindrica in two different areas around the school by using a
quadrat sampling technique.
Sekumpulan pelajar Biologi dari sebuah sekolah telah ditugaskan untuk
membandingkan saiz populasi sejenis rumput iaitu lalang atau Imperata cylindrica di
dua kawasan yang berbeza di sekitar sekolah.
Based on this assignment, plan your investigation. The planning of your investigation
must include the following aspects:
Berdasarkan situasi ini, rancang penyiasatan anda. Perancangan penyiasatan anda
mestilah merangkumi aspek-aspek berikut:

Problem statement
Penyataan masalah

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Hypothesis
Hipotesis

Variables
Pemboleh ubah

List of apparatus and material

Senarai radas dan bahan

Procedure
Prosedur

Presentation of data
Persembahan data
[ 17 marks ]