SPM Additional Mathematical Formulae

Algebra
1. x =

Calculus

b b 2 4ac
2a

2. a m a n = a m + n

1. y = uv,

dy
dv
du
=u +v
dx
dx
dx

3. a m a n = a m n

u dy
2. y = , =
v dx

4. (a m )n = a mn

3.

du
dv
u
dx
dx
2
v

dy dy du
=

dx du dx

5. log a mn = log a m + log a n

4. Area under a curve =

6. log a

m
= log a m log a n
n
n

7. log a m = n log a m
8. log a b =

log c b
log c a

y dx or

x dy

5. Volume generated =

dx or

dy

Geometry
1. Distance =

( x2 x1 ) + ( y2 y1 )

9. Tn = a + (n 1)d
n
10. S n = [ 2a + ( n 1) d ]
2

11. Tn = ar n 1
12. S n =

a (r n 1) a (1 r n )
=
,r 1
r 1
1 r

13. S =

a
, r <1
1 r

x +x y +y
2. Midpoint ( x, y ) = 1 2 , 1 2
2
2

3. A point dividing a segment of a line

nx + mx2 ny1 + my2
( x, y ) = 1
,

m+n
m+n
4. Area of a triangle =
1
( x1 y2 + x2 y3 + x3 y1 ) ( x2 y1 + x3 y2 + x1 y3 )
2
5. r = x 2 + y 2


6. r =

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xi + yj



x2 + y 2

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Trigonometry

Statistics
1. x =

2. x =

1. Length of an arc, s = r

N
2. Area of a sector, A =

fx
f

3. sin 2 A + cos 2 A = 1

( x x)

3. =

f ( x x)
f

4. =

4. sec 2 A = 1 + tan 2 A

5. cosec 2 A = 1 + cot 2 A

fx
f

Q1
100
Q0

7. I =

6. sin 2 A = 2sin A cos A

7.
cos 2 A = cos 2 A sin 2 A

2 N F
5. m = L +
C
f
m

6. I =

= 2 cos 2 A 1
= 1 2sin 2 A

W I
W

8. sin ( A B ) = sin A cos B cos A sin B

i i
i

9. cos ( A B ) = cos A cos B sin A sin B

8. n Pr =

n!
(n r )!

10. tan ( A B ) =

9. nCr =

n!
(n r )!r !

11. tan 2 A =

10. P( A B) = P ( A) + P ( B ) P( A B)
11. P ( X = r ) = nCr p r q n r , where p + q = 1

12.

tan A tan B
1 tan A tan B

2 tan A
1 tan 2 A

a
b
c
=
=
sin A sin B sin C

13. a 2 = b 2 + c 2 2bc cos A

12. Mean/Min, = np
14. Area of a triangle =
13. = npq
14. Z =

1 2
r
2

1
ab sin C
2

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