Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Date
Signature
(Examiner)
AIM
To find out the horizontal component of earths magnetic field (H).
Materials Required
Tangent Galvanometer
Battery Eliminator
Ammeter
Reversing Key
Rheostat
Spirit Level
Connecting Wires
Construction
Setting
Adjust the leveling screws so that turn table is horizontal and the circular coil frame is
vertical.
Turn the frame so that the plane of the frame becomes parallel to the magnetic
needle. This sets the frame in magnetic meridian.
Turn the compass box so that ends of the aluminum pointer lie on 0-0 line.
When a current 1 ampere is passed through the coil, a magnetic field F (in tesla) is
produced at the centre and along a direction perpendicular to the plane of the coil,
given by where r is the radius of the coil (in m) and n is the number of turns in it.
F = . 2nI
4 r
Since the plane of the coil is in magnetic meridian, the horizontal component of the
earths magnetic field H, acts in the plane of coil. It means F and H are perpendicular to
each other. Thus the magnetic needle of the compass box is under the combined effect
of two perpendicular magnetic field F and H. The needle gets deflected and comes to
rest making an angle () with the direction of H. This angle is read from the end of the
aluminum pointer.
According to the tangent law
F = H tan
Or
Or
Therefore,
the Reduction Factor of the Tangent Galvanometer is defined
as the current in amperes which when passed through the
tangent galvanometer produces a deflection of 45.
From (1),
H = . 2nI X 1
4 r
tan
TANGENT LAW
When a magnet is suspended under the combined actions of two uniform magnetic
fields of intensities F and H, acting at 90 to each other, the magnet comes to rest
making an angle with the direction of H such that
F = H tan
PROOF
Consider a bar magnet of pole strength m, magnetic length
2l suspended under the combined action of two
perpendicular magnetic fields F and H. the magnet rest
making an angle with H.
A torque acts on the magnet due to each field. As the
magnet is in equilibrium, therefore clockwise torque due to
field H.,
or
mF x NA = mH x SA
or
mH
N
F = H .SA/NA = tan
mF
i.e.
F = H tan
mH
mF
H = 2nI
4r tan
- Hence Proved
From the above equation it is also clear that the graph of tan vs. I would
be a straight line with a slope = 2n / 4r H.
Make the circuit connections in accordance with the diagram connecting the
positive terminal of the ammeter to the higher potential terminal of the battery
and using 50 turns in the coil of the tangent galvanometer.
Note the least count and the zero error of the ammeter.
Measure the inner and the outer diameter of the coil of the tangent
galvanometer three times with a meter scale.
Make the initial setting in the tangent galvanometer.
Switch on the current through the galvanometer by closing the key K. Read
both ends of the pointer after gently trapping the compass box. Using the
reversing key (R.K.), reverse the direction of the current through the coil and
again read the values of the deflection shown by the pointer in the to cases (i.e.,
before and after reversing the current) differ by more then 1, then turn slightly
the vertical coil until the two value agree. This will set the plane of the coil
exactly in the magnetic meridian. Now mark the positions of the leveling screws
on the working table with a piece of chalk.
Bring the deflection in the galvanometer reading around 45 by adjusting
rheostat suitably & in on case the deflection should be outside range (30 - 60).
Value of Deflection ()
S.No.
Mean
Direct Current Reverse Current Deflection
()
1
2
3
4
tan
Ammeter Reading
I (ampere)
Observed Corrected
Take two points A and B wide apart on the straight line graph. Draw perpendiculars from
B on the x-axis and from A on y-axis intersecting each other at point C. Now,
Slope of graph = BC / AC
=
= tan / I
=m
=
Now, substituting the value of m in the equation
m = 2n / 4r H
Therefore,
H = 2n / 4r m
H=
H=