{SMS A l As$?

*{MS > (Mechanics)

{^l]l (impulse):
]l $l] #O AlMS -, A M>Z {*W -
{^l]l As$.
{^l]l I (or) J =F t
st l] M>
J = {*W_]l
{]l*$ :& 1) dyne - sec
2) Newton - sec

JMS l$MS$O AlMS - {*W_ ]l yl$ {^l]l

{]l ]l- A VylZMS VS$l$.

{SMS (Projectile):
HOl JMS ]l $l] #l] $ *$ Sf ]l*l l-M- S Ml
M ^l * (900 l ) {S ^l ]l yl$ (l ]l
yl$) A >]l$ ]l*Y Z (Parabolic path) {*
_ ]l$MS l$]l# ]ll *$ MS$l$.
"{S MS' A As$.
z {S
MS G yl$ MS*y >]l$ ]l*Y Z {*
$. Sf ]l*l lZ {S MS {*_]l
l*> (Range) As$.
E:
z l$MS l sMS$]l$ {*W_]l
yl$ s
]l$_ l$]lyl]l $s rMS >- $ (Shells)
>]l$ ]l*Y Z {*_ > bl.
z {*W_]l >MSs$, S
$$ >]l$ ]l*Y Z
{*.
z VS]l$]lZ E]l JMS ]l ]l$_l ]l
$l] #l] $ $rMS$
gyl_]l yl$ A >]l$ ]l*Y Z {*_
MSl yl$l$.
E:
z GVS$$l$]l gs ]l*]l ]l$_l JMS $]l$ gyl_
]l yl$ A >]l$ ]l*Y Z {*_ > MS$
l$. M> ]l*]l O sMS$ B $ rt $]l#V> MSMS
yl$l$]lr$ A$.
z JMS ]l
$l] #l] $ *$ Sf ]l*l lMS 45 M
]l yl$ A VSx l$l$.
z JMS > l$MS VS$st MS_alV> bl^s B
S Gl$ MSs l$MS Gl$ GMS$P]lV> Ey.
E:
z M ^lr$tO E]l JMS M l$MS VS$st {sVSY MSP
]l$$Z.. M MSMS gyl {_. A]l sM- S l$MS $s M MS$l$.
--t-Z ]l$]l# l:
z t l] $ MS]l$V-l] > l l & Ks

z -t Z JMS ]lMS A$

J
=F
+t

O $MS {M> JMS ]l $l] #O {*W-_]l ,

st l] M> JMSMMSs Z]l*]l$lZ Es.
z Al$]l ]l
$l] #O GMS$P]l M>Z {*W
{^l]l {]l lVS$Yl $.
E:
z fVS sZ l*MS
]ll V l, Z
]lr$t, # r$t, C$MS, h llO ]l s
E^lyl ]l M>$ W, {^l]l {]l lVS$Y
l$. M>st l*MS ]lMSM S Gs V>*$ M>]l#.
z {MSMSs
r$tMl ]l$$Z ]ll$MS$ ^_]l ^ll$
]l$ {MS]l$V> l]l$MSMS$ $M]lyl ]l M>$ W,
{^l]l {]l lVS$Yl $. Al$ ]l ^ll$MS$ Gs
V>*$ M>]l#.
z Ml Gl$ ]l$_ {l$lO l $]l l O MS l*MS]l ]lMS, l]l
$]l#l] $ A M>Z lO {*W^lyl ]l
{^l]l {]l GMS$P]lV> Er$. {]l V>*$
A]l#. M> Al ]lMS lW]ll Zl$Z $]l Z
l*MS]lrl {^l]l {]l lVS$Yl $. A-yl $
V>*$ M>]l#.
z sZ shock obsorbers]l$ ({VS]l$) A]l$
ayl ]l B ]l GVS$yl$, VS$yl$$V> E]l yl$zO
{* _]l yl$ {^l]l {]l lVS$Yl $.
z V>k,
V>, ]l$st ]l $l] #]l$ JMS {l ]l$_ ]l$MS
{l>-MS ^lr
- yl$ s ^l$r*t l*, VSyl,z
h, lM llO ]l s A]l$ayl ]l {^l]l
{]l lW,Y A WMS$y Es.
z VS]l$]lZ E]l JMS ]l, Al {l]l> MSW, _
E]l ]l$MS - lM]lyl$ {^l]l {]l ]l- l
_ E]l MS GMS$P]l ]l t MS$VS$l$.

w1 = mg
m = ]l$]l#

{l]l>
g = VS$$l l

a =0

w = m (g a)
w = m (g 0)
w = mg C

F=

mv 2
r

AMS{l
m = ]l$]l# {l]l>
v = T$ lVS (Linear velocity)
F = mrw2
r = ]ll
w = omega = M$ lVS (Angular velocity)
E$:
z MS$r$Z
*$ ^l$r*t {$$l] {VS$
{VS ^l$r*t {$$l] E{VSMS$ M>]l A
MS{l - ]l*rl VS$$MS $ (Newton
Universal gravitational forces) ]l$MS*$.
z JMS >MS > MSst ]lM> ]l*
Y Z {$^l- $]l yl$ MS M>-l] AMS{l -- $f,
> A.
z
]l*$ MS{lMS ^l$r*t {$$l] G{M>tl MS$ M>]l AMS{l MS*$ BMS $ ]l$MS*$
.
z ]l# ]l*
Y ]ll -M- S M>--]l AMS{l-- B
]l ^l{M>$, yl$z ElMS ]l$l E- - l] $
$ ]l$MS*$.

w = m (g a)
w = m (g g)
w=0

fOl $]l >-M- S ]l*]l.

Case-2: t l 'a' O MS l$l$]l-
-yl $ -Z- ]lMS
l w = m (g a) (W]lr$V> A$)
Case-3: t l 'a' MSMS ]l
$l] - -yl $ Z ]lMS
l w = m (g a) lWY]lr$V> A$.
Case-4: t O MS MSMS MSl$$l$]lyl$ VS$
lW]lrl A ^leV> MSMS yl$l$. D lZ
l *$ VS$$l lMS ]l*]lV>
Er$. As a = g.

{]l$ ^l]lZ E]l { ]l $l] #MS $ AMS{l, AMS{l

$ Es.
AMS{l (centripetal force):z HOl JMS ]l
$l] # {]l$ ^l]lZ E]l- -yl $ B ]l $l] #O
]llM S {l O l # ^l - AMS{l As$.
z AMS{l fOl $]l . G
yl$ MS*y
]llMS{l ]l$MS*-$-$.
z

t MS ]l$ st Z E]l ]lMS A$

MSs W]lr$V> lWYl] r$V> A ^ly- - l
As$.
l (W) = m (g a)
1. t O MS l$l$]lyl$ +a ]l$
2. t MSMS ]l $l] - -yl $ - a]l$ $M.
Case-1: t >]l$
Z E]lyl$ () ]l$lVS O MS
MSMS MSl$$l$-l] yl$ l (a) = *]l
(a = 0) M>s,t
z

(W]lr$V> A $) As B ]lMS
l
l$yl$.
E:
60 MSZ {l]l> E]l JMS ]lMS Ml VSi- lO r$t
M VylO ]l$_ MSMS l*MS$l$]l- -yl $ ]l*Y l] $l Z B
]lMS *]lV> E]lr $.
Case-5: ^leV> MSMS
yl$l$]l t l, *$ VS$$l
l MSs GMS$P]lV> E]lyl$ Z E]l ]lMS t
Ayl$ VS$ V> ]l O MS ]l$ l Msyl$.
g = 9.8 ms2 = 10 ms2
a = 12 ms2
w = m (g a)
w = m (10 12) w = 2m

O $MSZ ve sign t Z E]l ]lMS t MS$

]lMS Z As O Z MSl$$yl l$^l $.

{]l$ ^l]l
O l $]l AS ^l$r*t HOl JMS ]l $l] # ]lM> ]l*Y Z
{$, {]l$ ^l]l M$ ^l]l
As$.
E:
l MSP$, ]l ^l{M>$ {]l$ ^l MSW Es.

Vyl VSyl* ZM>MS Eyl ^l]l?

*{MS >
AMS{l (Centrifugal force)

Ol$]l AS ^l$r*t ]lM> ]l*YZ {$]l ]l$
]l#]l$ ]llMS{l ]l$_ A]ll Ol# $MSyMS {$
^l -l AMS{l As$.
AMS{l
F = mrw2

(F) =

mv 2
r
(or)

(v = r w )

O $MSZ ve sign ]lMS ]l$ l$#-l$.

AMS{l FlMSOl$]l (Pseudo lithical force)

M.E = P.E + K. E

]l$]l# f, VSf MS$ l *{MS MS As$.

fMS (P.E.): ]l$]l#MS$ ]l ]l H-yl-]l MS
f MS As$.

P.E = mgh

m = ]l$]l#

{l]l>
g = *$ VS$$l l
h = *$ El ]l$_ ]l$]l# ]l Gl$.
Gl$ Wl fMS MS*y $VS$l$.
E$:
1. f>$$, K]l yl sMS$Z MSylV> E]l sMS f - M- S Er$.
2. ^l$r- E]l {VS$, VS]l $ stZ Eyl- -f
MS.
VSfMS (K.E.): ]l$]l#MS$ VS]l$]l ]l H--yl-]l MS VSf MS
As$.

v2
rg

]l*Y ]ll ]llVS

r = ]l# ]l*Y
g = *$ VS$$l l (axillaration due to gravity)
]l# ]l*Y ]ll $SlV> {*^ly-MS MS
g{VSl$ $M...
1. ]l lVS lW]ll Ey. ]l lVS M>]l]l lVS
MSs GMS$P]lV> E]lyl$ yl$zMS$ A]l-lOl#, lMS$P]lV>
E]lyl$ yl$z-MS$ Z Ol# yll$.
2. ]l# ]l*Y ]l ^l{M> ]l$l l*
O]ll GMS$P]lV> Ey.
3. VS]l$ ]l O]ll ]lMS$ yl$zMS$ $

v = ]l#

Tan =

AMS{l ${l (centrifuge)

AMS{l *{l BV> ^l D MS> E
*W_ l, A E]l MS]l$ l$^l^l$a.
E*V>$:
1. ^lMSP sM> ]l$_ l]l$ l$ ^l$ylZ
2. lll$st ]l$_ ll]l$ l$^l$ylZ
3. $]l>Z $MS A]lSM>]l$ l$ ^l$y--MS
4. ]l$hjVS ]l$_ l]l]l$ l$ ^lylZ A-MS{l $-{-
yl$--$.
]l# ]l*>Y-MS VSr$t MSrt-yl
]l# ]l*Y ]ll yl$z Z A^l$MSs A]ll A^l$]l$
M^l GMS$P]l Gl$Z ^ly ]l# ]l*>Y-MS VSr$t
MSr$tr As$. yl$z A]ll A^l$ (outer edge) Z
A^l$ (inner edge) ^l M- VSr$t M As$.

VSr$t M $MS

A]l$]l$

Z Ey.
E: Sports cars, bikes ^l{M>]l$ _]lV> A]l$a s
VS]l$ ]l O]ll MSMS Eyl- $. Al$]l
B $ ylMS$y $SlV> {* .
*{MSMS (Mechanical energy):

1
K.E = mv 2
2

m = ]l$]l#

{l]l>
v = lVS (lVS Wl VSfMS MS*y $VS$l$)
E$:

VS]l$]lZ E]l { ]l$]l#MS* VSfMS Er$.
*{MS MSMS E$:
1. GVS$$l$]l ]l*$, >MSs$, S$$, *l$,
S$$, l$*$ llO]l s-MS *{MS MS Er$.

5. MS$r$t$lZ *, F$ ^l ^l$
6. Blade ]l$ JMS O l # _, y O l # $s]l #yl$ A ^l
MS--$.
7. yl]l ^l_]l {VS ^l ^l]l
8. 'U' BM> E]l V>kVrtO Ml ]l$rt ]lMS$ {l]l
, _]lyl$ B {l]l ^l ^l]l
9. #sM> yl$zO ]l ^l{M>$ ^l ^l]l.
10.*$ N~Ol$]l V F_ El {l$]l
]l$_ lS {l$--MS {l ^l ZMS ]l$]l#]l$
gyl_]lyl$ A yl$ {l$- ]l$lZ >lMS
^l]l ^l$. D lZ B ]l$]l#MS$ st B]l]l
M> $]l*$ 84.6 $$.

>lMS ^l]l

2. VS]l$]lZ E]l {*MS$ylMS *{MS MS Er$.

3. MS$r$Z *$yl ^l$r*t {$]l {VS$
{VS ^l$r*t {$]l E{VSMS$ MS*y *
{-MS MS Er$.
4. ]l*$ MS{lMS ^l$r*t {$]l G{M>tlMS$ *{
MS MS Er$.
MS *l>$:
1. f>$Z MSylV> E]l $ ^leV> MSMS yl$l$]l
yl$ fMS VSfMSV> ]l*$l$.
2. OMS Oyl]ll*Z *{MS MS l$^leMSV> ]l*$l$.
3. VSyl* {VSZ f MS Z ]l$ VSyMS
M>]l]l VSfMSV> ]l*$l$.
4. ^lr$t M]l$O ]l S GVSyl {_]lyl$ f
MS *{MSMSV> ]l*$l$.
5. $VSl$l$]l ]lMS MSylMS VSfMSV> ]l*$aMS$syl$.
6. ^lr$tOMS GMSP]l ]lMS MSylMS fMSV> ]l*$aMS$s$.
Note: $VS$l$]l VS l MSPMS$ f, {]l$ VSf
MS Es.

Z $, VSZ M>MS$yl$, Z$Z ]l$-]l#--MS$ f MS Er$.

]l$]l# ^l]l l$]l#]lMS$ C$Ol# ]l*]l M>Z

#]l>]llOl$l B ^l >lMS ^l]l As$.
E$:
1. Vyl VSyl*Z ZMS ^l ^l]l.
2. MS]l MS$
3. , ]l*l, WsZ VS$ ^l ^l]l
4. A$]l sO ^lMSP ]l$ ^l ^l]l.

]l*]l GVSylZ $]l$..

*{MS > (Mechanics)

- lls $]l$ ]l$_l{ ]l $l] #MS $ fyll Al l

Er$ll $ l$$.
fyll (Inertia):
z ]l
$l] # ]llr Al l ]l*$aM AMS l ]l$
l > fyll As$.
z fyll Al l ]l
$l] # {l]l>O ]l*{ll$ B yl
Eylr ]l {V>l$$ MSZ {V>l$Z M$ $.
1. >]l$ fyll (Interia of rest):
z >]l$
Z E]l ]l $l] # l]llr ]l$V> >]l$
]l*$aM AMS l ]l$ >]l$fyll As$.
E: BW E]l JMS ]ll$MS$ MSl]l yl$ Al$
Z {*MS$$ >]l$ fyll ]l l]lMSO l # l*$$.
2. VS]l$]l fyll(Interia of motion):
z VS]l$]l
Z E]l ]l $l] # l]llr l VS]l$]l ]l*$a
M AMS l ]l$ VS]l$]l fyll As$.
E: VS]l$]lZ E]l $]l$ AMSl$V> B]l yl$
VS]l$]l fyll ]ll Z {*MS$$ ]ll$Ol # l*$
$.
3. > fyll (Inertia of Direction):
z JMS ]l
$l] # l]llr l ]l$ ]l*$aM AMS l ]l$ >
fyll As$.
E: ]l# ]l*Y lVSY $ ]l$$# $VS$l$]lyl$
> fyll ]ll Al$Z {*MS$$ B]lOl # l*$
$.
]l*rl y VS]l$]l $]l$:
z ]l
$l] #O {*W_]l {l]l>, l
MS ]l*]l. D $]l$ ]l$_ JMS ]l $l] #O {*W
_]l MS $MS F = ma E^l]l^l$a.
m = ]l
$l] # {l]l> mass of the body
a = l accellaration

T$ ^l]l
HOl ]l $l] # $k]l*Y Z {* $l] rl.. B
^l T$ ^l]l As$.
z JMS ]l
$l] # , VSl$]l$ VS$_ Al $]l ^l > l $
*{MS > (The study of behaviour of bodies)
z *{MS >
]l$$yl$V> Ats ]l$ Ps$.
Ats {M> HOl JMS ]l $l] #O Ml
{*W_]l yl$ A ]l lV>MS, {*W_]l MS
Gs l Eyll$. M> 16]l Z ]l*rl
]l $l] # ^l VS$_ Al $]l ^l ]l $l] #O {*W_]l
MS A ]l lV>MS ]l$l A]l l
Er$l Pyl$. ]l^lyMS yl$
M>$V> ]lYMS^yl$.

1. AlYl (Internal force):

]l $l] # ]l]l Z E]l ]l$ AlY l $
As$. D ]l ]l $l] Z Gs ]l**
Eyll$. E: $ Z MS*$a]l {*MS$$
Gl$s rO {*W. . B $ Z Gs
]l** Eyll$.
l^Z fan]l$ W_ AlMSl yl]l V>
B l ^ lVSZ Gs ]l*$ Eyll$.
Note: A$$(Atom bomb) r]l Z,

f yl*
MSlZ , , MS$ l$]lylyMS M> AlY l
.
2. (External force):
JMS ]l $l] # ]l$ ]l $l] #O {*W^l
As$. D ]l ]l $l] # Z ]l*$ >]l^l$a
]l*$ >]lyMS {$^l]l^l$a.
Units: Dyne, Newton

1 ]l*rl = 105 Oyll$.

]l*rl VS]l$]l $]l*$:

]l $l] # ^l]l$ ]l^lyMS ]l*rl ]lyl$ VS]l$]l
$]l*]l$ {^yl$.
]l*r lls VS]l$]l $]l$:
z D $]l$ {M> JMS ]l
$l] #O {l$$
]ll]lMS$ >]l$ Z E]l ]l $l] # Al Z]l*
VS]l$]lZ E]l ]l $l] # ]l$lVS $k]l*Y Z MSl$$
l$.

]l*rl ]ly VS]l$]l $]l$:

z { ^lMS$
]l*]lO l $]l ]lMS {^l Er$. ^l =
& {^l
z ^l, {^l$ Gyl* frV>,
]l*Z ]l*
]lV>, Z ]lMSV> Es. s ll *MS
]l*]l. ^l + {^l = 0
E:
z lO ]lyl]lyl, sZ Dlyl, V>Z
S GVSyl llO
]l ]l*rl ]ly VS]l$]l *{l BV> Es.
z l$MS, gs ]l*$, >MSr$
^l$ylZ D $]l$

M {l$MS ]l]l$:

=
M>Z ]l*$
{]l*$: cm/sec2 (or) m/sec2 C >

l yl$ M>$
1. l]ll (Positive accelaration):
z ]l
$l] # lVSZ ]l*$ r$ Wl l ]ll
As$.
E: t l s l$l] O $ lVS VSyl ]l MS

1. l* (D istance) (s):
z VS]l$]lZ E]l ]l
$l] # {*_]l ]l*Y
ll$(Path) l*.
{]l*: mm, cm, meter etc...
z l* A >.MS
]l* ]l*{ll$ Er$. M>
{lMS Eyll$.
2. ]l{ (Displacement):
z ]l
$l] # , l$ ]l$ MS Q]l$ l] {
As$.
{]l*: cm, meter etc...
z l] {
> (Vector quantity). MS {lMS ,
]l*$ Es.
z ]l
$l] # {*_]l l*, A ]l l] {>
]l$l l
z ]l
$l] # O l $]l AS ^l$r*t ]lM> ]l*Y Z (circular
path) JMS {]l$]l$
N ^l ]l yl$
G) ]l $l] # {*_]l l* s = 2r
]ll MS ]l*]l (equals to circumference of circle)
) ]l $l] # ]l l] {
Gl$MSs D lZ
]l $l] # , l$ $ JMS ]l$MSs HMS$
.
) JMS l ]l $l] # A l] l Z ]l*{ll$ (Semi Circle)
{*_]lyl$..
i) A {*_]l l*
ii) ]l ]l{

> lVS As$.

lVS = ]l{
st l] M> (t)
{]l*$: cm/sec1 (or) m.sec2
C >
5. l : VS]l$]lZ E]l ]l $l] # lVSZ ]l*$ r$
l As$.
l = lVSZ ]l*$

C$yl Er$.
]l*rl VS]l$]l $]l*Z y $]l*MS AMS {
]l E. Gl$MSs lls, ]ly $]l*MS$ yl
$]l$ f]lMS ]l*V> ^l $.

(]ll MS (diameter)]l*]l)
JMSl ]l $l] # Q ]l*Y Z {* A ]l
l] {, {*_]l l*>$ JMS MMSs ]l*]lV>
Es. As
3. ]lyl (Speed):
VS]l$]lZ E]l ]l $l] #MS$ C_a]l M>Z {*_]l
l*> ]lyl As$.
]lyl (v) = {*_]l l* (s)
st l] M> (t)
{]l*$: cm/sec (or) m/sec C A>.
4. lVS (Velocity) :C_a]l M>Z ]l $l] # ]l l] {

l ]ll
Er$.
2. $l :
z ]l
$l] # lVSZ ]l*$r$ lWYl MS $l
Al Er$.
E: t l]l$ $l] O $ lVS lVSyY l ]l MS
$l Er$. MS$ BMSr MS>
A]l$a s lV>]l$ ]l*$a$.
z ]l
$l] # >]l$ Z E ]l$lVS MSl$$l$
l *]l]l$]l#l$.
l

(]l$lVS)
E: 1000 MSZ {l]l> E]l JMS M>$ 50
]l$lVS {*l] yl$ l
(*]l). D lZ M>$O E]l F = ma
v2 = v1= v

km/hr

F = 1000kg 0 = 0

6. {l]llVS (M omentum):
VS]l$]lZ E]l ]l
$l] # {l]l>,
(m) lVS {l]llVS As$.
{]l*$: gm cm/sec, kg m/sec.
l$MS, gs ]l*$, >MSs$ llO ]l ^l$ylZ
{l]llVS ll (The law of conservation of momentum)
$]l* s.