Distillation:

Chemical compounds are separated from each

other depending on the difference in boiling point.

Aim of experiment:
1 - Material separation
2 - Purification of material
3 - Find the boiling point

Theory:
This operation is of great use in the organic
laboratory for the purification of volatile
compounds and determining the purity of such
substances .It may also be used for separating two
or more volatile liquids if their boiling points are
not too close together they should differ by at least
25C or more.
During the simple distillation, the boiling point of
the constant that may be observed .this is
considered a physical constant that may be used
for the identification of liquids and the estimation
of their purity

Apparatus:
1- Distilling flask (250ml).
2- Condenser (water-cooled)
3- Thermometer.

4- Heater

5- Graduated cylinder (50ml)

6 - Conical flask

8-fractionation column

Thermomet
Water out Condenser
Heate

Fraction
column

Adapter
Water IN

IN

Distilling
flask

beaker

Discussion:
1-what precautions should be taken when distilling
a very volatile liquid?
1- We should place a boiling chips to regulate the
heat temp .
2-used cork should be lightly.
3-avoid used a lasts cork because it change in size
in some organic solvent.
2- what are the advantages of fractional
distillations ?
To separate liquid organic compound and to
happen highly purity and to determined the boiling
point .
3-why should a large distilling flask not be used to
distill a small amount of liquid?
Because this small amount of liquid may be lost in
the large distilling flask or execute to lose more
amount of liquid.

Results calculations

Boiling point material (A)=78C

Boiling point material (A)=95C