Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Doi, Kotani, Takasugi Majorons PDF
Doi, Kotani, Takasugi Majorons PDF
PHYSICAL REVIEW D
Neutrinoless
MAY 1988
Osaka University
Institute
of Physics,
College
of Pharmaceutical
pp decay with Majoron emission is examined in detail for the 0+~0+ and
Especially, the quantitative analysis is made on the correction term which was
not dealt with properly before. We found that the correction term does not change the fundamental
characters of the energy spectra of emitted electrons and the angular correlation obtained from the
main term. The dominant contribution comes from the main term through two light neutrino propThe neutrinoless
0+ ~2+ transitions.
agations, except some special cases which have the large mixings between light and heavy neutrinos.
Also it is shown that the 0+ ~2+ transition occurs only through the correction term, and it is by at
least 10 ' smaller than the 0+ ~0+ transition.
I. INTRODUCTION
Recently, the Battelle South Carolina (BS) group reported' the observation of the possible Majoron-emitGe. The reported half-life was
ting PP decay of
yr. This aroused wideTots(0+ ~0+ ) = (621) X 10
spread interest, because the detection of this mode means
TABLE I. The data of the half-lives of the neutrinoless double-beta decay with Majoron emission for various nuclei and the
bounds on (gs ). The bounds on (gs ) are obtained by using the nuclear matrix elements, Mor"'(1
Xr), in Refs. g, 14, 24, 25, and
26. In order to derive the bounds indicated by r (Ref. 26), we adopted the values of nuclear matrix elements explicitly given in Ref.
27. Concerning the ratio of half-lives of ' Te to ' Te obtained by the Heidelberg group, its central value contradicts the theoretical
estimates of the ratio for the (PP)2mode by Refs. 14, 24, and 26. Therefore, the uncertainty of the two standard deviation is taken
into account, i.e. , (Rr) &3.29X10 . Since the ratio estimated in Ref. 26 is still outside this extended limit, the bound on (gs) is
zero if both results are taken seriously. RT is the ratio of half-lives of '"Te to Te.
"
Experimental
766e
Half-life (yr)
group
&
&
Ir vine'
& 4. 4X
100Mo
Osaka~
Ir vine"
& 7. 5X10'
10
136X
Milano"
Moscow (INR)'
&
&
Moscow (INR)'
16.
17.
1.
2.
3.
4.
4,
2X10
RT
'=(1.03+1.13) X 10
Missouri'
Heidelberg'
&(15, 110')
1.6X 10'
1.0X10
9, 42')
&(5.
Reference 24.
"Reference 14.
Reference 25.
IIReference 18.
"Reference
'Reference
'Reference
"Reference
'Reference
37
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
2575
1QQ )
&(7.2, 130')
120')
&(6.
&6X 10"
'"Te/'"Te
'Reference
Reference
'Reference
Reference
'Reference
Reference
&(5.
& (5 0
(2.
&(2.
12X 10
14X 10
82Se
Nd
&2X10
&2X10
(6+1)X 10
Osaka'
Moscow (ITEP)
Batelle-South Carolina'
Caltech-SIN-Neuchatel
Santa Barbara-LBL'
qReference 8.
'Reference 26.
'Reference 29.
1988
2576
both informations.
As for theoretical progress, Georgi, Glashow, and Nussinov made the first analysis of the (pp)o s mode in the
Gelmini-Roncadelli model and gave the half-life formula
+0+ transition. Subsequently, Vergados
for the 0+
made an investigation on the decay-rate formula. However, in these investigations, the electron wave function
was treated as a plane wave multiplied by a nonrelativistic Fermi factor. The relativistic Coulomb correction
was taken into account by Doi, Kotani, and Takasugi,
who gave the half-life formula. They also derived correction terms which were not discussed before, and gave a
qualitative argument on them.
In this paper we give a detailed analysis on the
0+~0+ and 0+~2+ transitions of the (PP)o s mode.
We use a general Majoron 7 interaction with massive
Majorana neutrino N; with the mass m;:
37
0+~0+ transition
V.
II.
FORMALISM
~0+
'
"
~2+
N.
3.
37
RI,
f&
g UU,
ei
e3
f dxdydz f
e '
2(21T } co;coj.
&k
IX(z) IO&e
'
2577
&JI+
(2. 1)
where U is the mixing matrix element for the left-handed neutrino v, L defined by v, L
g; UN, L,
ergies of electrons and Majoron, and JI (x) is the hadronic current. The lepton parts T,'"' ar.e.
+L, +)],
K' ++L;+
'r,"= Im,'
j;, + 2(f+-g};,M142]I
'f
;, + ,'(f +-g);, M1 42]IL; ~L,
I m,
q1
( o3;, q, ),
m,
+m2)1/2 an
=(q1+m; )'
q2
and
m'f
i/+
(o1, , q2),
K;~ [a);+pm
, + '(e, e2)k 'k]
e2)k 'k]
m, '(e1
L;+ [o1;+p
HereP m, = E,
(M, + M/) /2, E, being
,
,'(f +g-}J(4'1
(2.3)
T"
'"
&gB &(1
&J+-
(2.2)
"
~0'}] '=(
~I
see
and R+ (x+y)/2,
Eq. (B9) of Appendix B. This is
because k 1 MeV and thus k R+
Then, only
the S wave of the Majoron contributes.
(iv) We assume that all nuclear matrix elements are
real.
The detailed derivation of the transition formula
within these approximations will be given in Appendix B.
The 0+ ~2+ transition will be summarized in Sec. IV.
Below, we present the 0+~0+ transition formula by
assuming that the light intermediate neutrinos give the
dominant contribution. In the next section we shall discuss the contribution
from heavy neutrinos.
The
0+~0+ transition formula due to light-neutrino propagations is given by
=(q2
some aver&
&
&
&
age of energies of the intermediate nuclear states, and M;
and Mj being masses of initial and final nuclei. The
decomposition into two terms
and T j ' has been
.
done so that the first term T, gives the main result
which behaves like the (PP)o mode, see Eq. (B2) of Appendix B. Therefore, the second term T. ' will be referred to as the correction term. The first term T is the
one which was considered in previous works, '
while
the second term Tj is investigated quantitatively in this
paper. It is worthwhile to note that the leading contribution to the 0+~2+ transition occurs only through the
[g;, gj ] part of T ', because of the conservation of the angular momentum and parity, as discussed in the (PP)o
mode. '
In order to obtain the decay-rate formulas for the
[TovB(0
&2]]&
E; +Lj
0+~0+
and
coj
+ ,'(f+-g}g [&1&2]I
Im,'ji,
(o11,q1),
q1
with
q2 ( co~, q2)
k are en-
)+o3/(K,
T,
~he~e
ee2, and
1.
&
+
+
&g, &x,
&=+'(f+g);, UU,
~.";" ',
'G(6}}
&
7's
(2.4)
will be
&
+g, (m,
. m. )
]/m,
".
(2.5b)
(2.5a)
The sum
g'
extends
over only
light
neutrinos,
i.e.,
2578
Giio(k)
=,
4 (m, R) ln2
f do(k)dQO, ~,
m,eiezP, Pzk5(ci+ez+k+Mf
dQOa
do(4)=(kR
M; }
2(m, R )a
],
4$(m, R )a
h3(r)=
2+
dqe qr
dr
+4(mes
dq e'q'
dQ 1
4~ c0;aii
K, =(co, +Pm,
XT3
~3 ~T3
where
I~F3
6~GT3
r=
Ya=i
4ir
N;col
(2. 10)
(a=1, 2, 3),
'
'
(a
=2, 3),
&/MGT" '
(2. 11)
= rr l, r=r /r,
l
(cr C
and
r )
Cc
(oXD +DXo
'2
(DD
a+],
T=(r.o )(ro
'(o cr ) .
(2. 12)
(2. 13)
co;+coj
(~. +ai. )
denominator
". }llo-
(E;+E )(c0;+aij)
+K;E
k
(c0,. +co& )
dQ K;+KJ
and virtual-neutrino
energies and energy
due to the second-order perturbation are
co,
(2.8)
2H
(r, ~)llo,+&/MGT
llh
gv
a,
m, R
~GTa
). o~ }llo+ &,
(Of Ilhi(r.
)bo, ,
with (=3aZ+(ei+ez)R, a and Z being the finestructure constant and the atomic number of the
daughter nucleus, respectively. The factors bo&,
and
a+ are due to the Coulomb wave functions of two electrons and are given in Eqs. (3.5. 18) and (C.3. 12) of Ref. 8.
As a good approximation in the practical momentum region, say p, 0. 5mwe have
hz(r)=
~Fo=(/g~) (Of
(2.7)
Od (O5)=(kR)do(3),
) b
(2.9)
a+ [(eiez+m, )/(2eiez)]F00,
F
Fk
where
where R is the nuclear radius, p&, p2, and k are the momenta of electrons and Majoron, and (p, .pz) is the cosine
of opening angle between two electrons. The normalization ao in Eq. (2.6} is the constant factor for the (PP)0
mode defined in Eq. (3.5. 17b) of Ref. 8. Note the normalization difference between our new formula Gao(1) in Eq.
(2.6} and the old one Gs in Eq. (5.2.4) of Ref. 8. The new
formula in Eq. (2.7) contains the d(pi pz) factor which
gives rise to the factor-2 larger result for Gso(1) than Gs
in Ref. 8. The integrand do(k}'s in Gso(k)'s are defined
by
Fcl, a
bo,
(2.6)
do(1)=bodo(2)=2(kR
37
(2. 14)
'
37
III.
OOOOOO
I
The decay formula in Eq. (2.4) has been derived by assuming that the light intermediate neutrinos give the
dominant contribution. Here we shall include the contribution from the heavy virtual neutrinos, and also evaluate the correction terms.
At first we focus our attention to the hierarchical
structure of the kinematical factors dp(k)'s in Eq. (2.8).
Since energies of electrons and Majoron e&, e2, and k are
quantities of order of a few MeV, eR or kR is a small
quantity of order of (I MeV) (5 fm) Therefore, for
example, in the case of Se with k =1 MeV, dp(2) and
dp(3) are about 2(kR)- ,' and 2aZ(kR)- ,', smaller
than dp(1), respectively, and dp(4), dp(5), and dp(6) have
the suppression factor (kR) -(~~) in comparison with
dp(1). These hierarchical structures are also confirmed
from the numerically integrated values of Gyp(k } for various nuclei given in Table II. By combining these considerations with the fact that X&2 and X3 in Eq. (2.4} are
expected to be less than 1 which will be confirmed later,
Gap(4) Gap(5) and Gyp(6) terms give only very small
Although
contributions
and will not be considered.
terms with Gsp(2) and Gsp(3) are expected to give small
correction we shall confirm it at the end of this section.
First we shall discuss the term accompanied by Gzp(1)
in Eq. (2.4):
~F2))MGT
O~ool
'a
I
O O O
X X X
OO
~(q'+M~ }'
05
XXX
OO
oo
O O O O O O
X X X X X X
OO
O t
vl O
Ch O
Ch
OO
+ O X
Ck
OOOOOO
I
CJ
F4
XXXXXX
O
O
ch~&WWW
OO
OO
O
X
cj
C4
O
V
CV
OOOO
I
t+f
O O
XXXX X
~ t+I
o +A
Q
OO
Ch OO
OO
cO
&
X X X X X X
Ch rt Ch Ch
RS
X
O
O O O O O O
X X X X X X
OO
OO
OO
cV
V
05
~
CP
&
8~
g$
gg
tQ
a.
e5
&
I
O O
O O O
X X X X X X
ce
4P
c05
o
Cl
og
0 0 0
X
O
g
tv'
M,
&
yg
c5
with M=0.9 GeV. That is, the integrand of the neutrino potential in Eqs. (2. 13) is multiplied by F(q2} for each
heavy neutrino. This modification is not needed for the
light neutrino. Now, three following typical cases will be
examined: (a) m;, m~ &&pm, -20 MeV, (b) m; &&Pm,
and (c) m~ & m; &&M. Namely, one and
and m.
two form factors are taken into account for cases (b) and
(c), respectively.
the potential h
Explicitly, in the limit of k
behaves as
O O O O O O
C}
(3.2)
~0
Wt
eg
4P
F(q')
OOO
(3. 1)
In order to estimate the contribution from heavy intermediate neutrinos appearing in the neutrino potentials h
and h2, the sum of species of neutrinos in (gs ) and ( )
of Eq. (2.5) should extend over the nuclear matrix elements MGz ', X,, XG&2, and Xz. The potentials h, and
h2 are made out of the propagations of two neutrinos
with the masses m, and m as seen in Fig. 1 and thus they
depend on m; and m . In the case where the heavy neutrinos contribute, say m M (= nucleon mass), the nucleon vertex should be modified, because of the large nucleon recoil effect. It may be necessary to replace the
nonrelativistic treatment of nucleon by the quark model.
In this paper in order to get some rough idea on the contribution of heavy neutrinos, according to Vergados' and
Haxton and Stephenson, '" we introduce the dipole-type
form factor
WmWOnlO
m M e4 m M W
Ch
(f ~(~GT2
XXXXXX
0
8
'.
2579
2580
h,
= . (R/2r)P(x)
(MR/96)[(M~ /m,
where
37
(3.3)
+(Mlmj ) )J(Mr)
for case
(c),
x =pm, r and
2
P(x)=
[sin(x) ci(x) cos(x) si(x)], J(x)=(x +3x+3)e
h 2 in
the limit of k
~0 is
for case
) (M~z
(a),
(b),
/m;m
(3.5)
where P'(x)=dP(x}/dx. For the nonzero k, the analytical expressions for them are complicated. However, the
numerical integration shows that they are essentially independent of k. That is, for the variation of k from 0 to
2. 5mh, is almost constant and h2 varies about 5%. In
Figs. 2(a} and 2(b), these analytic expressions at k =0 (the
dashed lines) are compared with the numerically integrated ones at k=1. 5m, (the solid lines). For h, with
m; = mj 10 m there are no visible distinctions, so
that only the solid lines are shown. Note that for case (c),
the approximation k =0 is good, because m;, m~ &&k.
Although the case of ' Mo is shown, the approximation
is equally valid for other nuclei.
Now let us examine the main term ( gz ) M G T ', the
first term of Eq. (3. 1), which consists of three types of
contributions. corresponding to cases (a), (b), and (c). We
find from Eqs. (2.5), (2. 10), and (3.3) that these three types
are
gLL U L ((R Ir)P
) for case
(a),
(3.6a)
(b),
gHHU, H(MlmH) (MR /48)(J) for
(3.6b)
for case
case
(c),
(3.6c)
(f
gLH
where ULL
mH ULH IU,
UHH 1 is
M'"'='
mL
gHH
assumed.
U2L((R
mH UzH(M/mH
mH
Iv,
(3.7)
Ir)p)
(3.4)
(c),
violation
means the energy scale of the lepton-number
defined below Eq. (Al 1). By combining Eq. (3.6) with the
above estimates, we find that
(3.8)
( )XGT2MGT
(3.9)
/r)4 )
(f)
(3. 10a)
(3. 10b}
37
12
2581
100 0
l
l
(a)
10
= m.
m.
1.
m-
3.
um
= m.
e case
=
10
4
l
I
I
-5
ill
0. 4
0. 8
20
k =
1.5m e
1.2
0. 4
1.6
1.2
0. 8
1.6
h &, h2, and h3 for cases (a) and (b). The dashe
=1.
i k=
. 5m
or case
cas (a), there are
represent the numerically integrated ones with
m, . For
'
'
i 1'ines for h&
and thee so 1'd
h and h3, so that onl y the solid lines are
r shown. The dashed
no visible differences between the dashed liness an
er in
This shows that p otentials have very
Th
ver weak dependence on k and thus
i a goo d accuracy. . Th'
lines and solid lines agree with each other
=0
k
can
b
e
use
the analytic expressions at
d as t h e approximate formulas for 6nite k.
1
k=0
=, an d th e so 1'dl'
i ines
(Ov)
GT
(3.11)
Xg 3 or X3 in Eq. (2. 1 1 }. The nuclear parameter Xz 3 includes the nucleon recoil term Yz in Eq. (2. 12) which
gives one more neutrino momentum q effectively. Thus,
as it will be shown later, X&3 is sinaller than X3 in
general, though Gso(2} is a little larger than Gso(3).
Therefore, let us start to compare Eq. (3.1) w1'th
(OvB)
Now we have a new potential h 3 which
( gg &X3MQ'i
limit as
behaves in the k
1,
(
mode is related
(PP)o, mode as
(g~ &-(m&/U,
~0
mass in the
(3.12)
2x
, (pm,
xP'(x
P(x ) 1
/m . )
2
x
)+
m'
1
x P'(x ) ]
[P(x
)
(b),
(3.13)
, (M/m;m. )[(Mr)+(Mr)]e
',
for case
(c),
2582
10,
]/(0. 2gLL
H(Mg/mLm~),
Yzr
', (P
P
r],
P,
E' E'
(3. 15}
}ll0 &/MoT~
where
1
2M
2M r
d
dr
Mr
(3. 16)
(3.17)
-0.
"
[T0R(0+~2+)] =
(4. 1)
(gR )NR21
J (kR) (m, R
(b21+b22)dQ0 B
(4.2)
'2
{b21+b22)
P&
@le
(2f+ llh
NR2
p2
F10+
F01
m,
-h3(R)/(MR)-
rr ll0,+ ),
(4.4)
+ (gr/g)e' (o'+0' ) .
(4.5)
3(r
)(r
)(~. ~
210
(3.14)
XR3- "
, X 10 /0. 7-
we find
+2+ TRANSITION
IV. THE 0+
Therefore, case (b) can be safely neglected under the condition U, ~ ~ 10(mz mH /M). As for the final (c) case, h3
is smaller by the factor (M/rnH) than h, for case (a)
and then this combination due to two heavy intermediate
neutrinos can be ignored. In summary, the correction
term accompanied with GR0(3) in Eq. (2.4) can be
neglected as the first approximation.
The remaining problem is to show that X3
XR3
and therefore the correction term with GR0(2) can also be
ignored. In order to evaluate XR3MGT ' in Eq. (2. 11), we
term into the irreducible tendecompose the
sors with respect to the spin space. Since this term appears as a correction term we shall take only the leading
(oo } term, because the main contribution is considered to be a spin-singlet state of two nucleons. The
decomposition is very similar to the (pp)0mode case. In
the approximation where we neglect momenta of electrons ppz, and Majoron k in comparison with those of
nucleons, we find
fR =-', (gv/g~
10, and
0. 3)(4&( 10
U,
37
/R ) Y'
where
'(gr/gg
,
)'(3'
-(
&gR &Na
a(a)
&
ef e;
l
&
GR2',
(4 6)
37
&a (p
'h3(r)(r /a)
'2
B2
) =&3(o),
&
(4.7)
80
9
B2
(4.8)
&
-0.
2+ }]-
[~~.(0+
10
h3(a)/&az
[7 "(0+~2+}]
V. CONCLUDING REMARKS
[TO
B(0+~0+)]
(ga
&
'
I
MGT
'
I
&F
'Geo(1) (5. 1)
2583
'.
(5.2)
(va
(A 1)
2584
We take all Higgs fields to be real. Then, the Yukawa interaction is written as
(A2)
Here I
P= I
((}
Ij
and
is a matrix satisfying
(4j )NG
and a global-symmetry
&G+I, =
iX
e+t
i8, e, (x)P,
2v
&
&G((}= i8
kd
{A4)
&
(A5a}
(Asb)
BV
(A6)
Ojkek
In connection with the spontaneous symmetry breakof the gauge and global symmetries, we introduce
ing
j=Pj+vj,
{A7)
=0,
(AS)
T
OAOBv
5ABI
(A9)
Then, we find
Ou
Ou
g (pv /p~
(A 10)
)8v u
u
with p, B
expressed as
(Al 1)
and
+4
I tOv(%
]X.
(A13}
[ {4I) (X m+mX}VL
=u 08v.
y
By invert-
(A14)
X=X g (Pq/p~)tv .
=I v
(A15)
As expected, the NG boson coupling to neutrinos depends on neutrino masses and the transformation property of neutrinos under the broken gauge and the global
symmetries, except for normalizations pB, pB, and v.
Let us rewrite Xr in Eq. (A14) in terms of mass eigenstate neutrinos defined as
l. UNL, ,
where
N is the
N =NL + (NL ) = N
neutrinos are
(A16)
neutrinos
Majorana
defined
as
. Then, the NG boson couplings to
(A17)
where
[UtXU (UtXU)
} IOu&II
{8o)jk(t
2v
transformation
are
where t, and X are Hermitian matrices, 8, and
pure imaginary antisymmetric matrices, and e, (x } and e
are infinitesimal local and global parameters. The invariance of L under these symmetries leads to the identities
BV
[(4
(A3)
5&}}=
(A12)
By substituting Eq. (A12} into (A2), the NG boson couplings to neutrinos are found to be
(Cbt )
5+1 it
, e, (x)%t,
(0")jX/v
compo cot
=I
37
m;+m.
2v
]j,
[U XU+(U XU)r],
(A1Sa)
(A1Sb)
'
f.
37
EP=
v~.
pz
X=
0R
(A19)
Also
the
global
P*
u(h
)
[2v(P
[2( 2+ 4v 2) ]1/2
' gV
JV
g UU,
fd xd
dP')]
d'qi
q,
2+4
2)1/2
(A22}
In this paper we have adapted a general form of Majoron couplings in Eq. (1.1), so that the derivation becomes
slightly different from that in Ref. 8. Here we shall give a
brief explanation of the derivation and show the result.
We start from the S matrix derived from the interaction (1.1):
d q2
(J+ T[Jft(x)JLt(y))
~
iq] (x z)
0+&e
iq&(z y)
m,. +iz
1
(k ~nz)
~0&
',
q2
m +is
ys)y
(y e
2}
(B 1)
(A21)
X $(x, ei)yp(
(1 ys)($1+m
APPENDIX
', '}
y d z
charge
Now we find
(A20)
4U, pz p +40 .
S=ESE
= Vt8RSV
S=
noticing
vL
with neutrinos derived from the Yukawa interaction in Eq. (4. 19) of Ref. 5 agrees with our definition
in Eqs. (1.1} and (A17). The Majoron couplings to neutrinos are now given by
. By knowing that
and
and )u, 2R V 8RHR V, the NG coupling is
immediately derived.
For example, let us consider the Gelmini-Roncadelli
model. This model includes the left-handed neutrino vL,
a doublet Higgs boson P, and a triplet Higgs boson h, . In
this case, the global charge X is B
L. Since the electric
charge Q=Ts+Y/2 is unbroken, the broken gauge
symmetry generator will be 8=Ts Y/2 =diag(1, 2,
1, 2) for the basis of
=(P, b, , P b, and
V=Ev
with
ps
for
coupling
8=E&E
X=1@ S V/v,
.
Then,
Iis 0=diag(0,
8=ESEt.
=Ts Y/2 =
X=B
2585
m;
x, y, z,
](1 ys) .
"
(B3)
where
Gvn
~n
Ga
[on
(gv/ga )D'] .
(B4)
The operators Cand Dare the nucleon-recoil contributions and are defined in Eq. (3. 1.17) of Ref. 8.
By performing the partial-wave decompositions of the emitted Majoron and introducing the form of hadronic current
in Eq. (B3) we find
2586
2
~z
X(Jf+
37
v'2k
2mR
g $(r,e, )g(2l+1)PI
ik
}' X,
B(kR+) (X+Z
)(I+'YsW' (r
(B5)
A A
where Q is replaced by idly(kR+) in the Legendre function Pl(k Q.) which corresponds to the i wave of the emitted
Majoron. By using f, in Eq. (2.3), we defin
~
Xm
fjh
=g UUiI[(f +g}(ih,
2](GVnGVm
GAn GAm }
G
AnGVm
)+i (GAn
&&GA
)]
j,
(B6)
Gvm+GAn'GAm
)5
(GAn GA
+GAn GA
h,
= IdqdQj[~,
m,' R
h2=
+L
K;
Q)i
Si +Sj
tdqdQj
4 Br
f tdqdQj
X
(as;
+nm
where R+m
(r+r
)],
[dqdQj
cl
(B7)
+coj+k
K, +L,
+Lj
co i + co
j k
K,
IdqdQj
Q) i
(K; K~+
+ 67j + k
k
coi+coJ
K;
+ LJ'
.
Kj++L,
+
'+ '+
+
k co;+co +k +(K, K. +L
;+Nj
L+LJ
(B8)
L.
)/2 and
dq
ikg
iq'r~~
(B9)
4~
N; COJ.
dr, ,(0+
ao
'"
0+)=,
4n. (m, R
[A, +(p
(B 1 0)
p )B ]dQ
where aoand d QoB are defined in Eqs. (2.6) and (2.7), and
', (m, R)(kR)a
Re(X'Y)j,
jX+ ,'g(kR)Y + ', (m, R)(kR)f(m, R)a+ g'a ] Y
)azIm(X'Y)j .
(kR) aB Y'~
Bo= [bo, ' X+ ,'g(kR)Y
83(m, R)(kR
,'(m,R)
AO=Ibo&
Here bo, ', az, and aI are defined in Eqs. (C3. 17) and (C3. 18) of Ref. 8, and by assuming that the light intermediate
trinos give the dominant contribution, X and Yare
I
~gB
}l(1
XF1) (kR)XR3]
(gB }X3~GT
(B 1 1)
(B12)
neu-
(B13)
37
(iv), we reach to the expression in Eq. (2.4) for the spectrum part ( Ao part).
(>2
[&gB )(
~F1)
&(>2
&8B &+31
do(6)
I'.
(B14}
bo, ',
(p 1P 2 Is 1~2 )~00
b 01
az,
~0
and
ai
(P, pz
aR
df Q~B(0 ~2+ ) =
b('),
',
(B15)
gb011',
As a good approximation,
behave as
l4ei
)Foo
Ez
(B16)
ai
is defined
ai&0 in
the
4srz(m, R
)2
(B17)
]Cz]d Qo&B
where
Bz=
&gB)NBz
(kR
(m, R) bz
',
(B18)
Re(a
me
z, a,
factor bz, +bzz are already given in Eqs. (4.4) and (4.3}.
z+az, a, z},
(c)
(c) (c) +bzz
bz
(B19)
bzi
where bz'1', b uzz', bz'1', b uzz', and az are defined in Eqs. (C4. 13), (C4. 14), and (B3.7) of Ref. 8, resPectively.
proximation in the practical electron momentum region, say p & 0. 5m they behave as
r
b(B)
1m[&
2587
2
1
(C)
me
~1~2
~172
me
G, E2
As a good aP-
(B20)
APPENDIX C: CONTRIBUTION FROM THE RIGHT-HANDED INTERACTION
In Appendix B we assumed that the coupling between leptons and nucleon is the left-handed ( V A ) weak interaction. Here we consider the effect of the right-handed ( V+ A) interaction. This is interesting because if one vertex is
V A and the other is V+ A, then the angular correlation between two electrons should be a 1+cos(9 type.
Let us start from the interaction
~ [JLq(Jg
H;, = &2
where
+kg
c.
Jg
and
Jg are the
hadronV+ A.
ic currents, as defined in Eq. (3. 1.3) of Ref. 8. The important term is that one vertex is V A and the other is
Siinilarly to the decomposition in Eq. (B2) we use
=2[(f+g) JgimI+(f +g ) Jm
&2](1+ys) .
(C2)
By using the impulse approximation for the left- and right-handed hadronic currents defined in Eq. (3. 1.16) of Ref. 8,
the nucleon recoil terms, and taking
keeping only the S wave for electrons and Majoron, neglecting
ikg.
= 1, we find the following result for the 0+ ~0+ transitions:
exp(
R+)
2588
r
37
LR
m,
Here, Ao and 80" are the spectrum and the angular parts in Eq. (B10). The kinematical
tioned in Eqs. (2.9) and (B16), respectively. The nuclear matrix element Z is defined as
Z=(0j+~~g
f,j(UV, VU,
m,
l, J
gij (
ei Vej
+ Vei
h3+h3+
me
a+
and
men-
az are
m;+m.
h 3
me
+m
m
ej
factors
'
me
h3
[(A, +rj)(g/g)
(A, g)(o cr
)]~~0,
),
(C4)
i.e., v,'a
(C5)
Certainly, the coexistence of left- and right-handed terms gives the (I+cos8)-type behavior, but its magnitude is
A
suppressed by the factors (klm,
f;j UV, , Ag,"UV,j, rjf, UV, , "and rjg; UV, . This term may become imporfor
the
where
one
neutrino
tant only
case
N, is a light left-handed one and the other N is a heavier right-handed one.
1 and by introducing the nucleon form factor in Eq. (3.2) for the N, part, we
In this case, it may happen that UV
have
),
h3+-+
2 m
1
me
J.
P(Pm, r)
7'
(m;+m
j )h3
and m.
for m, . &&pm,
in Zx
-+ mj(h 3+ +h
(C6)
=0 .
contribution
83, 1 (1985).
Ref. 4.
&yM.
is small.
T. Tomoda,
lished).
' H. Ejiri et a/. J. Phys. G 13, 839 (1987).
,
' J. Y. Kirpichnikov, a talk given at the Second International
Symposium on Underground
Physics, Baksan, USSR, 1987
(unpublished)
H. Ejiri et al. , in Neutrino Masses and Neutrino Astrophysics
~
37
published).
~4K. Grotz and H. V. Klapdor, Phys. Lett. 153B, 1 (1985);
157B, 242 (1985); Nucl. Phys. A460, 395 (1986).
T. Tomoda and A. Faessler, Phys. Lett. B (to be published).
J. Engels, P. Vogel, and M. R. Zirnbauer, Caltech Report No.
MAP-95, 1987 (unpublished).
We adopt in the analysis the following values of nuclear matrix elements for those in Ref. 26;
Mzr"'( 1
XF )
=0.67( 6Ge), 0.48("Se), 076('mMo) 1 7(' 'Te), 1.5(' Te),
and 0.64(" Xe), and
Mo'r"'/tuo
=0.047(' 'Te) and 0.031
Te) for the nuclear matrix element appearing in the (PP)z
mode (Ref. 8) These values are obtained by multiplying the
~
("
2589