1.

WGU
C451/GNC2/1NC
Integrated Natural
Sciences Module 110
2.
FOR MORE OF THIS COURSE AND ANY
OTHER COURSES, TEST BANKS, FINAL
EXAMS, AND SOLUTION MANUALS
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3.

720 ITEMS

4. Describe the scientific method. Explain how it is

used in the process of science to solve problems.
5. observation
6. question
7. hypothesis
8. prediction
9. reproducible results
10. conclusion
11. Explain how Galileo challenged Aristotle's belief
that heavy objects fall faster than lighter objects.
Consider how Galileo's actions were related to the
scientific method.

12. Identify and discuss important considerations when

designing a controlled science experiment
13. Independent Variable
14. Dependent Variable
15. Controlled Variables
16. Explain the importance of having reproducible
results in scientific experiments.
17. a field study
18. computational modeling
19. Describe the principle of falsifiability.
20. fact
21. hypothesis
22. theory
23. Law
24. Explain the importance of using evidence to
evaluate scientific claims. Describe how such
evidence can be used to either support or refute
scientific claims.
25. Explain how a systems approach might be helpful
in studying science.
26. Identify ways in which science and technology are
similar and different
27. Biology
28. Chemistry
29. Physics
30. Geology
31. Astronomy
32. Explain why an integrated approach is useful in
learning more about our natural world.
33. Identify several examples of questions that science
can answer.
34. Identify several examples of questions that science
can NOT answer.

35. Explain how science differs from art and religion

36. What is the equation for work?
37. Using an example of a simple machine such as a
lever, describe how the force and distance input are
different than the force and distance output.
38. Make an argument whether or not a simple
machine can reduce the total amount of work that
is done to move an object. Explain your rationale
39. Mass
40. Time
41. Length
42. Current
43. Temperature
44. Volume
45. Energy
46. Power
47. Force
48. Electrical Resistance
49. Electrical Potential
50. nano- (n):
51. micro- ():
52. centi- (c):
53. milli- (m):
54. kilo- (k):
55. mV
56. m
57. km/hr
58. g/cm
59. m/s
60. Define pH and explain what it measures.

61. Define potential energy

62. Example of potential energy
63. Example of electrical potential energy
64. Example of chemical potential energy
65. Example of gravitational potential energy
66. Define kinetic energy
67. Define thermal energy
68. Explain the law of conservation of energy
69. Define gravitational force
70. Define projectile motion. Give an example of an
object that exhibits projectile motion, and describe
the forces that are acting on it.
71. Explain how an object becomes a satellite.
72. 3. Explain the role of gravity in the formation of
solar systems and galaxies. Explain how gravity
creates spinning disks of material that form solar
systems and galaxies
73. Describe the movement of objects in our solar
system.
74. Explain why the same side of the moon always
faces the Earth
75. Describe the role gravity plays in the formation of
stars. Describe the role it plays throughout the life
of a star.
76. Discuss the relationship between thermal energy
and gravitational force in a star.
77. Explain how a gravitational field affects light.
78. Describe how light will behave in a black hole.
Why?
79. Define direct relationship
80. How is gravitational force and mass an example of
direct relationship
81. How is electrical force and charge an example of
direct relationship
82. Define inverse relationship

83. How is gravitational force and distance an example

of inverse relationship
84. How is electrical force and distance an example of
inverse relationship
85. Describe Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
86. Identify the factors that contribute to the strength of
gravitational force.
87. Explain how those factors (mass and distance)
affect the strength of the force.
88. Describe Coulomb's law of Electrical Force
89. Identify the factors that contribute to the strength of
electrical force
90. Explain how those factors (Charge of objects and
distance) affect the strength of the force.
91. Determine if electrical force and gravitational force
are vector or scalar
92. Explain what affects the direction of electrical force.
93. Is this Coulomb, Newton or Both:
Force that acts between charged objects
94. Is this Coulomb, Newton or Both:
Force that acts between objects with mass
95. Is this Coulomb, Newton or Both:
Follows the inverse square law
96. Is this Coulomb, Newton or Both:
Is only an attractive force
97. Is this Coulomb, Newton or Both:
Can attract or repel
98. Define magnetic force. Explain what makes an
object magnetic.
99. Define magnetic field.
100.
Determine whether the following are
Magnetic, Electrical, or both
101.
Determine whether the following are
Magnetic, Electrical, or both

102.
Determine whether the following are
Magnetic, Electrical, or both
103.
Determine whether the following are
Magnetic, Electrical, or both
104.
Determine whether the following are
Magnetic, Electrical, or both
105.
Determine whether the following are
Magnetic, Electrical, or Can ATTRACT and
REPELL
106.
Determine whether the following are
Magnetic, Electrical, or identifying whether each of
the following characteristics applies to electricity,
magnets, or both:
Is a flow of charges measured by current
107.
identifying whether each of the following
characteristics applies to electricity, magnets, or
both:
Always has a north and a south pole
108.
identifying whether each of the following
characteristics applies to electricity, magnets, or
both:
Resistance measured in ohms
109.
identifying whether each of the following
characteristics applies to electricity, magnets, or
both:
Indicated with a compass
110.
identifying whether each of the following
characteristics applies to electricity, magnets, or
both:
Opposites attract
111.identifying whether each of the following
characteristics applies to electricity, magnets, or
both:
Produced by charged particles that are spinning in
the same direction but are not flowing from one
atom to another
112.

Newton's First Law of Motion

113.

Newton's Second Law of Motion

114.

Newton's Third Law of Motion

115.
Describe what the equation F = ma means
and how it relates to Newton's Second Law.
116.

Define wave.

117.
Explain the difference between a
transverse wave and a longitudinal wave, and give
examples of each.
118.

wavelength

119.

frequency

120.

amplitude

121.

reflection

122.

refraction

123.

diffraction

124.

Interference

125.

CONSTRUCTIVE

126.

DESTRUCTIVE

127.
What happens when the wavelength
changes in light
128.
129.
What happens when the wavelength
changes in sound
130.
What happens when the frequency changes in light
131.
What happens when the frequency
changes
132.
What happens when the amplitude
changes in light
133.
What happens when the amplitude
changes
134.

Is light transverse or longitudinal

135.

Is sound transverse or longitudinal

136.

Media that they can travel through light

137.

Media that they can travel through sound

138.

Examples of reflection of light

139.

Examples of reflection of sound

140.

Example of the Doppler effect in light

141.

Example of the Doppler effect in sound

142.

Examples of interference in light

143.

Examples of interference in sound

144.

Examples of refraction in light

145.

Examples of refraction in sound

146.

Define electromagnetic wave.

147.
List the types of electromagnetic waves
that are located on the electromagnetic spectrum.
148.
Explain how electromagnetic waves are
similar and different.
149.
Rays

common practical applications for Gamma

150.

common practical applications for X-ray

151.
common practical applications for
Ultraviolet
152.
Light

common practical applications for Visible

153.

common practical applications for Infrared

154.
common practical applications for
Microwaves
155.
common practical applications for Radio
Waves
156.
Gamma Rays Wavelength
157.

Gamma Rays Frequency

158.
Gamma Rays Energy (1-7 1 being lowest 7
being highest)
159.

Gamma Rays Colors of Visible Light

160.

X-ray Wavelength

161.

X-ray Frequency

162.
X-ray Energy (1-7 1 being lowest 7 being
highest)
163.

X-ray Colors of Visible Light

164.

Ultraviolet Wavelength

165.

Ultraviolet Frequency

166.
Ultraviolet Energy (1-7 1 being lowest 7
being highest)
167.

Ultraviolet Colors of Visible Light

168.

Visible Light Wavelength

169.

Visible Light Frequency

170.
Visible Light Energy (1-7 1 being lowest 7
being highest)
171.

Visible Light Colors of Visible Light

172.

Infrared Wavelength

173.

Infrared Frequency

174.
Infrared Energy (1-7 1 being lowest 7 being
highest)
175.

Infrared Colors of Visible Light

176.

Microwaves Wavelength

177.

Microwaves Frequency

178.
Microwaves Energy (1-7 1 being lowest 7
being highest)
179.

Microwaves Colors of Visible Light

180.

Radio Waves Wavelength

181.

Radio Waves Frequency

182.
Radio Waves Energy (1-7 1 being lowest 7
being highest)
183.

Radio Waves Colors of Visible Light

184.
Different Parts of the Electromagnetic
Spectrum

185.

High Energy to Low Energy

186.

Short Wavelength to Long wavelength

187.

High Frequency to Low Frequency

188.

Low Energy to High Energy

189.

Long Wavelength to Short Wavelength

190.

Low Frequency to High Frequency

191.
Identify which methods you can use to
remember the order of the types of waves on the
electromagnetic spectrum.
192.
Explain how you can remember which are
on the high energy/high frequency/short
wavelength end and which are on the low
energy/low frequency/long wavelength end.
193.
Identify which methods you can use to
remember the order of the types of waves on the
electromagnetic spectrum.
194.
Explain how you can remember which are
on the high energy/high frequency/short
wavelength end and which are on the low
energy/low frequency/long wavelength end.
195.

Describe the general structure of an atom.

196.
Explain how electrical force affects protons
in the nucleus of an atom
197.
Define strong nuclear force and explain
what role it plays in the nucleus of an atom.
198.
Explain what makes an atom radioactive.
Describe how the strengths of the strong nuclear
force and the electric force relate to whether an
atom is radioactive.
199.
Does electrical force affect protons,
neutrons, or both?
200.
Does strong nuclear force affect protons,
neutrons, or both?
201.
In electrical force Does it make the nucleus
tend to split apart or tend to stay together?
202.
In strong nuclear force Does it make the
nucleus tend to split apart or tend to stay together?

203.
How is electrical force affected by
increased distance between nucleons?
204.
How is strong nuclear force affected by
increased distance between nucleons?
205.
As the size of the atom increases (greater
number of protons), which force has a greater
increase in strength?
206.
Explain where radiation comes from
207.
Explain what each of the letters in E = mc2
stand for.
208.
Describe what happens during nuclear
fission. Provide some examples of where fission
would occur.

209.
Describe what happens during nuclear
fusion. Provide some examples of where fusion
would occur.
210.
Explain how the mass per nucleon
changes in nuclear fusion. Describe how the
change in mass per nucleon relates to the equation
E = mc2.
211.
Describe how fusion and fission are similar
and how they are different.

212.
Give examples of atoms that will likely
undergo fusion and describe the circumstances
that would allow these nuclear reactions to occur.
213.
Give examples of atoms that will likely
undergo fission and describe the circumstances
that would allow these nuclear reactions to occur.
214.
Define thermonuclear fusion and discuss
where it occurs.
215.
Explain the general chemical composition
of stars.
216.
Explain how stars can differ in brightness
and color.

217.
Explain the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R)
diagram.
218.
Describe what information about a star is
used to categorize them on the H-R diagram.

White dwarves

219.
Make a sketch of the H-R diagram, labeling
the basic groups of stars that it identifies (main
sequence stars, red giants, super giants, white
dwarfs). Indicate where the sun is located on this
diagram.
220.
Identify when the thermonuclear fusion
reaction starts in the life cycle of a star.
221.
Describe the specific atoms involved in
fusion in stars. What is the difference between a
hydrogen-burning star and a helium-burning star?
222.

Describe the life cycle of our sun.

223.
Describe the life cycle of a star more
massive than our sun.
224.
Explain what determines what a star will
become at the end of its life.
225.

main sequence

226.

red giant

227.

supergiant

228.

white dwarf

229.

neutron star

230.
List and describe the components of the
solar system, in order, from the sun to the Oort
cloud

231.
Compare and contrast terrestrial and
Jovian planets.
232.
Describe how planets rotate. What
exceptions are there to the pattern most planets
follow
233.
Compare and contrast terrestrial and
Jovian planets.
234.

Which planets are terrestrial planets

235.

Which planets are Jovian planets

236.

Is Pluto Jovian or Terrestrial

237.
Sun?

How long does it take Mercury to Orbit the

238.
Sun?

How long does it take Venus to Orbit the

239.
Sun?

How long does it take Earth to Orbit the

240.
Sun?

How long does it take Mars to Orbit the

241.
Sun?

How long does it take Jupiter to Orbit the

242.
Sun?

How long does it take Saturn to Orbit the

243.
Sun?

How long does it take Uranus to Orbit the

244.
Sun?

How long does it take Neptune to Orbit the

245.
Sun?

How long does it take Pluto to Orbit the

246.
Mercury is the ________ planet in the solar
system; it is similar to the size of _________ moon
247.

Venus is similar in size to which Planet?

248.

Average Temperature of Earth?

249.

Average Temperature of Mercury

250.

Average Temperature of Venus

251.

Average Temperature of Mars

252.
Largest Planet; Composed of most H and
He; solid core surrounded by liquid He' topped by
atmosphere; Strong Magnetic Field
253.
Lowest Density; Extensive Ring system
made of frozen rocks
254.
Axis is tilted almost perpendicular to plane
of rotation around sun; Faint ring system; 2% of
composition is methane which gives it its blue color
255.

13 Known moons; faint ring system

256.
Enough atmosphere to keep right amount
of heat in
257.

2 moons; Phobos and Deimos

258.
66 Known moons; including 4 that are
bigger than our moon
259.
62 known moons (Titan is bigger than
Mercury)
260.

27 Known moons

261.
1.5% of its composition is methane which
gives it its blue color
262.
Smaller than Earth's moon; Made of rock
and nitrogen ice; Highly elliptical and tilted orbit
263.
1 large moon- Charon; several smaller
moons
264.

Define cosmology.

265.
266.

Explain the Big Bang Theory.

267.
How does Doppler red shift support the Big
Bang Theory
268.
How does Hubble's law support the Big
Bang Theory
269.
How does cosmic background radiation
support the Big Bang Theory
270.
How does element abundance support the
Big Bang Theory
271.
Describe the difference between a pure
substance and a mixture.

272.
273.

Examples of Pure Substance

274.

Examples of Mixtures

275.
Differentiate between a heterogeneous and
homogeneous mixture
276.
examples of heterogeneous mixtures
277.

examples of homogeneous mixtures.

278.
Define solution in science and provide
several examples
279.
Describe how adding heat to a substance
affects the motion and arrangement of the particles.
280.
Describe how removing heat from a
substance affects the motion and arrangement of
the particles.
281.
Explain what happens to the arrangement
of water molecules when it melts
282.
Explain what happens to the arrangement
of water molecules when it freezes
283.

Define elements.

284.

Location of a Proton

285.
286.

Location of a Neutron
Location of an Electron

287.

Charge of a Proton

288.

Charge of a Neutron

289.

Charge of an Electron

290.

What are nucleons?

291.
What is the difference between atomic
number and mass number of an atom?
292.
Explain how you can determine the overall
charge of an atom if you know the number of
protons and the number of electrons?
293.
Explain what must be true of the number of
protons and electrons in an electrically neutral
atom.

294.

shell model of the atom

295.

Define valence electrons

296.
How are the isotopes of an element
different from one another?
297.
How do the chemical and physical
properties of isotopes of the same element
compare?
298.

Mass number of Iron-55

299.

Atomic number of Iron-55

300.

Proton number of Iron-55

301.

Neutron number of Iron-55

302.

Mass number of Iron-56

303.

Atomic number of Iron-56

304.

Proton number of Iron-56

305.

Neutron number of Iron-56

306.
How can you determine the number of
neutrons in an isotope if you know the atomic
number?
307.
How does an atom of carbon-14 (14C)
differ from an atom of carbon-12 (12C)?

308.

general properties of non-metals

309.

general properties of metalloids

310.
Give some examples of how the properties
of metals allow them to be used for a variety of
purposes.
311.

Alkali metals Group Number

312.

Alkali metals Number of Valence electrons

313.
Alkali metals Gain or lose electrons? How
many?
314.

Characteristic Properties of Alkali metals

315.

Examples of Alkali metals

316.

Alkaline earth metals Group Number

317.
Alkaline earth metals Number of Valence
electrons
318.
Alkaline earth metals Gain or lose
electrons? How many?
319.
Characteristic Properties of Alkaline earth
metals
320.

Examples of Alkaline earth metals

321.

Chalcogens Group Number

322.

Chalcogens Number of Valence electrons

323.
Chalcogens Gain or lose electrons? How
many?
324.

Characteristic Properties of Chalcogens

325.

Examples of Chalcogens

326.

Halogens Group Number

327.

Halogens Number of Valence electrons

328.
Halogens Gain or lose electrons? How
many?
329.

Characteristic Properties of Halogens

330.

Examples of Halogens

331.

Noble gases Group Number

332.

Noble gases Number of Valence electrons

333.
Noble gases Gain or lose electrons? How
many?
334.

Characteristic Properties of Noble gases

335.

Examples of Noble gases

336.
Differentiate between an element and a
compound.
337.

Define ion.

338.
Describe the changes that occur to the ion
when an atom loses an election as well as when it
gains an election.
339.
Explain what happens to valence electrons
when an ionic bond forms.
340.
Explain how you can use the periodic table
to identify elements that will form an ionic bond with
each other.
341.
Explain what happens to valence electrons
when a covalent bond forms.
342.
Explain how you can use the periodic table
to identify elements that will form a covalent bonds
with each other.
343.

List examples of covalent compounds.

344.
Explain what happens to valence electrons
in a metallic bond.

345.
Explain how you can use the periodic table
to identify elements that will form metallic bonds
with each other.
346.
Explain why metals are conductors while
nonmetals are insulators.
347.

Define mineral.

348.

Silicate Minerals

349.

Non-Silicate Minerals

350.

Explain how rocks related to minerals.

351.

How do Sedimentary Rocks Form

352.

How do Igneous Rocks Form

353.

How do Metamorphic Rocks Form

354.
What are the 2 main categories of
Sedimentary Rocks
355.
What are the 2 main categories of Igneous
Rocks
356.
What are the 2 main categories of
Metamorphic Rocks

357.

Examples of Sedimentary Rocks

358.

Examples of Igneous Rocks

359.

Examples of Metamorphic Rocks

360.

Categorize granite

361.

Categorize conglomerate

362.

Categorize gneiss

363.

Categorize limestone

364.

Categorize dolomite

365.

Categorize basalt

366.

Location of the Crust

367.

Location of the Mantle

368.

Location of the Lithosphere

369.

Location of the Asthenosphere

370.

Location of the Outer core

371.

Location of the Inner core

372.

Composition of the Crust

373.

Composition of the Mantle

374.

Composition of the Lithosphere

375.

Composition of the Asthenosphere

376.

Composition of the Outer core

377.

Physical State of the Crust

378.

Physical State of the Mantle

379.

Physical State of the Lithosphere

380.

Physical State of the Asthenosphere

381.

Physical State of the Outer core

382.

Physical State of the Inner core

383.

Unique feature of the Crust

384.

Unique feature of the Mantle

385.

Unique feature of the Asthenosphere

386.

Unique feature of the Outer core

387.

Unique feature of the Inner core

388.

Unique feature of the Lithosphere

389.
Explain how seismic P-waves are different
from seismic S-waves.
390.
Explain how the behavior of S-waves tells
us that Earth's mantle is solid. Explain how the
behavior of S-waves tells us that Earth's outer core
is liquid.
391.
Identify where the Earth's magnetic field
comes from.
392.
Explain your answer in terms of the
composition of the outer core.
393.

Define convection current.

394.
winds

Explain how convection cells cause local

395.
Cells

Explain how convection cells cause Hadley

396.
Describe the theory of plate tectonics and
the evidence that supports this theory.
397.
Explain how the discovery of seafloor
spreading contributed to our understanding of plate
tectonics.
398.
Describe the theory of continental drift.
Include what information Wegener was lacking
when he created his hypothesis.
399.
Explain the movement and processes
associated with Divergent Boundary
400.
Explain the movement and processes
associated with Convergent Boundary
401.
Explain the movement and processes
associated with Transform Boundary
402.
land forms that develop as a result of
Divergent Boundary
403.
land forms that develop as a result of
Convergent Boundary

404.
land forms that develop as a result of
Transform Boundary
405.
Locations Divergent Boundaries can be
found on Earth
406.
Locations Convergent Boundaries can be
found on Earth
407.
Locations Transform Boundaries can be
found on Earth
408.

types of convergent plate boundaries.

409.
Describe the role of convection currents in
plate tectonics
410.

Movement of Oceanic-Oceanic

411.

Movement of Oceanic-Continental

412.

Movement of Continental-Continental

413.

Resulting landforms of Oceanic-Oceanic

414.
Resulting landforms of OceanicContinental
415.
Resulting landforms of ContinentalContinental
416.
Locations where found on Earth- OceanicOceanic
417.
Locations where found on Earth- OceanicContinental
418.
Locations where found on EarthContinental-Continental
419.
which kind of plate boundary would you
expect to see in Rift valleys
420.
which kind of plate boundary would you
expect to see in Subduction
421.
which kind of plate boundary would you
expect to see in Lateral faults
422.
which kind of plate boundary would you
expect to see in Mid-ocean ridge
423.
which kind of plate boundary would you
expect to see in Volcanoes

424.
which kind of plate boundary would you
expect to see in Chains of volcanic islands
425.
which kind of plate boundary would you
expect to see in Very tall non-volcanic mountains
426.

Define weathering.

427.

mechanical weathering

428.

chemical weathering

429.

frost wedging

430.

exfoliation

431.
432.

thermal expansion
crystal growth

433.

tree roots

434.

abrasion

435.

dissolution

436.

oxidation

437.

hydrolysis

438.
Explain how acid rain contributes to
weathering
439.

Define erosion. Contrast it with weathering

440.
Explain the process of erosion due to
Surface Water
441.
Explain the process of erosion due to
Ground Water
442.
Explain the process of erosion due to
Gravity
443.
Explain the process of erosion due to Wind
Erosion
444.
Explain the process of erosion due to
Glaciers
445.
Explain how gravity contribute to land
subsidence.
446.
Explain how ground water contribute to
land subsidence.

447.
List the layers of Earth's atmosphere from
the surface to space.
448.

Define ionosphere.

449.
Identify which components of the
atmosphere are in fixed amounts. List them from
most to least plentiful.
450.
Identify which components of the
atmosphere are in variable amounts.
451.
Explain the role carbon dioxide plays in the
atmosphere.
452.

air mass

453.

Arctic

454.

Greenland

455.

North Atlantic, Pacific Ocean

456.

Alaska, Canada

457.

Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico

458.

Mexico, Southwestern US

459.

Explain the cause of the Coriolis Effect.

460.

Give an example of the Coriolis Effect.

461.
Describe the affect the Coriolis Effect has
on rotation in storms.
462.
Describe the changes in weather
associated with a low-pressure center (cyclone)
463.
Describe the changes in weather
associated with a high-pressure center
(anticyclone).
464.

thunderstorm

465.

tornadoes

466.

hurricanes

467.

Describe the greenhouse effect.

468.
Describe the greenhouse effect's impact on
our atmosphere.
469.
Summarize the effects of human activities
on the levels of greenhouse gases.

470.
does.

Define seismometer and explain what it

471.

Explain what a Richter scale does.

472.
Explain what the global positioning system
(GPS) is and how it is used to study Earth.
473.
Explain what infrared imaging is, how it is
related to the electromagnetic spectrum, and how it
is used to study Earth.
474.
Explain what is satellite remote sensing is
and how it is used to study Earth.
475.

Define radar

476.
explain what the Doppler radar is, how it is
used to study the weather, and how it is related to
the Doppler Effect.
477.
Give examples of ecological studies
performed at the population level
478.
Give examples of ecological studies
performed at the community level
479.
Give examples of ecological studies
performed at the ecosystem level
480.

Abiotic

481.

Biotic

482.

Abiotic (non-living) factors in forest

483.

Biotic (living) factors in forest

484.

Abiotic (non-living) factors in desert

485.

Biotic (living) factors in desert

486.

Abiotic (non-living) factors in ocean

487.

Biotic (living) factors in ocean

488.

Abiotic (non-living) factors in tropical forest

489.

Biotic (living) factors in tropical forest

490.

Abiotic (non-living) factors in pond

491.

Biotic (living) factors in pond

492.

Abiotic (non-living) factors in savannah

493.

Biotic (living) factors in savannah

494.

Abiotic (non-living) factors in tundra

495.

Biotic (living) factors in tundra

496.
Provide examples of competition in
ecosystems.
497.
Identify which components are including in
a species' niche.
498.

Define symbiosis

499.

the three different kinds of symbiosis

500.

commensalism

501.

parasitism

502.

mutualism

503.

examples of commensalism

504.

examples of parasitism

505.

examples of mutualism

506.

Define biome.

507.

general characteristics of freshwater

508.

general characteristics of saltwater biomes

509.
forest
510.

Precipitation characteristics of Tropical

511.
forest

Temperature characteristics of Tropical

512.
forest

Plant and animal characteristics of Tropical

513.
forest

Precipitation characteristics of Temperate

514.
forest

Temperature characteristics of Temperate

(152 to 406 cm)

515.
Plant and animal characteristics of
Temperate forest
516.
forest

Precipitation characteristics of Coniferous

517.
forest

Temperature characteristics of Coniferous

518.
Plant and animal characteristics of
Coniferous forest
519.

Precipitation characteristics of Tundra

520.

Temperature characteristics of Tundra

521.
522.
523.

Plant and animal characteristics of Tundra

,
Precipitation characteristics of Desert

524.

Temperature characteristics of Desert

525.

Plant and animal characteristics of Desert

526.

Precipitation characteristics of Savanna

527.

Temperature characteristics of Savanna

528.
Plant and animal characteristics of
Savanna
529.
Precipitation characteristics of Temperate
grassland
530.
Temperature characteristics of Temperate
grassland
531.
Plant and animal characteristics of
Temperate grassland
532.

Precipitation characteristics of Chaparral

533.

Temperature characteristics of Chaparral

534.
Plant and animal characteristics of
Chaparral
535.
Found: Far North and South
536.

Define ecological succession.

537.

primary ecological succession

538.
Explain the intermediate disturbance
hypothesis. Describe the effect regular moderate
disturbances have on ecosystems.

539.

Producers

540.

Autotrophs

541.

Consumers

542.

primary consumers

543.

secondary consumers

544.

tertiary consumers

545.

heterotrophs

546.

Decomposers

547.

Herbivores

548.
the effect regular moderate disturbances
have on ecosystems.
549.
Explain the transfer of energy from the sun
through the food chain.
550.
Describe how organisms use the energy
contained in their food supply.
551.
Describe what happens to energy as it
moves from the first trophic level to the second and
third trophic levels.
552.
How much energy is transferred between
trophic levels?
553.
Explain why energy lost to the environment
during respiration.

554.
Describe an example food chain, with at
least 4 trophic levels. What happens if one of the
organisms in the food chain is removed from the

ecosystem? Predict what effect that would have on

the other organisms.
555.
organic compounds

556.

Carbon Cycle

557.

Nitrogen Cycle

558.

Water Cycle

559.
How does the Carbon Cycle become part
of living things
560.
How does the Nitrogen Cycle become part
of living things
561.
How does the Water Cycle become part of
living things

562.
How does the Carbon Cycle become part
of the abiotic world?
563.
How does the Nitrogen Cycle become part
of the abiotic world?
564.
How does the Water Cycle become part of
the abiotic world?
565.
What is the energy source that fuels the
Carbon Cycle
566.
What is the energy source that fuels the
Nitrogen Cycle
567.
What is the energy source that fuels the
Water Cycle
568.
If not decomposed can be turned into fossil
fuels (coal)
569.
___________ in the atmosphere can't be
used by most organisms. So we rely on
____________ fixing bacteria.
Nitrogen
570.
Some water is absorbed by organisms, but
it is eventually released. It's released through
transpiration from plants, as evaporation from the
leaves of plants, or elimination from animals as we
-- as we go about our activities, we eliminate water
Through perspiration, respiration, excretion;
571.

Explain the concept of natural selection.

572.

variation

573.

heritable traits

574.

fitness

575.
Describe an example of a population that
changes over time due to natural selection. How do
variation, heritable traits, fitness and natural
selection allow change in the population to occur?
576.
Explain why adaptations are an important
component of a species' survival.
577.
Describe adaptations of animals in extreme
environments, such as a polar bear (in a cold,
arctic environment) or
578.
Describe adaptations of animals in extreme
environments, such a desert rabbit (in a hot, dry,
desert environment).

579.
Describe how variation, heritability, fitness,
and natural
580.
Describe how variation, heritability, fitness,
and natural selection contributed to the evolution of
antibiotic resistant bacteria
581.
Describe how variation, heritability, fitness,
and natural selection contributed to the evolution of
Darwin's finches
582.
Natural Selection Contributed to the Evolution:
Altered Food
583.
Describe how anatomical homologies are
examples of evidence that support the theory of
evolution.
584.
Describe how vestigial organs are
examples of evidence that support the theory of
evolution.
585.
Describe how vertebrate embryo
development are examples of evidence that
support the theory of evolution.
586.
Describe how fossil record are examples of
evidence that support the theory of evolution.
587.
Describe how biogeography are examples
of evidence that support the theory of evolution.
588.
Describe how common ancestors are
examples of evidence that support the theory of
evolution.
589.
Describe how DNA evidence are examples
of evidence that support the theory of evolution.
590.
Explain how organisms are classified in
Linnaean classification.
591.
List, in order, the levels included in
Linnaean classification.
592.

characteristics of bacteria

593.

characteristics of archaea

594.

characteristics of eukarya

595.

examples of bacteria

596.

examples of eukarya

597.

characteristics of protista (protists)

598.

characteristics of plantae (plants)

599.

characteristics of fungi (fungus)

600.

characteristics of animalia (animals)

601.

examples of protista (protists)

602.

examples of plantae (plants)

603.

examples of fungi (fungus)

604.

examples of animalia (animals)

605.

characteristics of chordata (chordates)

606.
characteristics of echinodermata
(echinoderms)
607.

characteristics of porifera (sponges)

608.

characteristics of cnidaria (cnidarians)

609.
characteristics of platyhelminthes
(flatworms)
610.

characteristics of nematoda (roundworms)

611.

characteristics of arthropoda (arthropods)

612.

characteristics of mollusca (molluscs)

613.

examples of chordata (chordates)

614.

examples of echinodermata (echinoderms)

615.

examples of porifera (sponges)

616.

examples of cnidaria (cnidarians)

617.

examples of platyhelminthes (flatworms)

618.

examples of arthropoda (arthropods)

619.

examples of mollusca (molluscs)

620.

examples of annelida (annelids)

621.
Describe what happens during a chemical
reaction.
622.
Explain why the law of conservation of
energy is important in chemical reactions.

623.
Explain how concentration of reactants
affect the reaction rate of chemical reactions
624.
Explain how temperature affect the reaction
rate of chemical reactions
625.
Explain how the addition of a catalyst affect
the reaction rate of chemical reactions
626.

Define activation energy

627.
Explain how catalysts affect activation
energy.
628.
Explain how enzymes speed up chemical
reactions in cells.

629.

Photosynthesis

630.

Photosynthesis Reactants

631.

Photosynthesis Products

632.

Photosynthesis Form of energy going in

633.

Photosynthesis Form of energy coming out

634.

Photosynthesis Organelle

635.

Photosynthesis Steps involved

636.

Photosynthesis The role of ATP

637.

Photosynthesis Organisms that do it

638.
639.

Cellular Respiration

640.

Cellular Respiration Reactants

641.

Cellular Respiration Products

642.
in

Cellular Respiration Form of energy going

643.
Cellular Respiration Form of energy
coming out
644.

Cellular Respiration Organelle

645.

Cellular Respiration Steps involved

646.

Cellular Respiration The role of ATP

647.

Cellular Respiration Organisms that do it

648.
Describe the characteristics of organisms
(living things).
649.

Prokaryotic- Nucleus present or absent?

650.
Prokaryotic- Complex membrane bound
organelles?
651.

Prokaryotic- Shape of DNA molecule?

652.
first?

Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic- Which evolved

653.

Prokaryotic- Relative size?

654.

Prokaryotic- Examples of organisms?

655.

Prokaryotic- Can it be multicellular?

656.

Eukaryotic- Nucleus present or absent?

657.
Eukaryotic- Complex membrane bound
organelles?

658.

Eukaryotic- Shape of DNA molecule?

659.

Eukaryotic- Relative size?

660.

Eukaryotic- Examples of organisms?

661.

Eukaryotic- Can it be multicellular?

662.
cells.

Explain how plant cells differ from animal

663.

Mitosis

664.

Describe the end result of mitosis.

665.

Discuss the purpose of mitosis.

666.

Meiosis

667.

Describe the end result of meiosis.

668.

Discuss the function of meiosis.

669.

Define gamete.

670.

Mitosis- Types of cells involved/purposes

671.

Mitosis- How many rounds of cell division?

672.
Mitosis- What's happening with sister
chromatids?
673.
Mitosis- What's happening with
homologous chromosomes?
674.

Mitosis- Number of cells made

675.
Mitosis- How do the cells made compare to
the parent cell?
676.

Meiosis- Types of cells involved/purposes

677.

Meiosis- How many rounds of cell division?

678.
Meiosis- What's happening with sister
chromatids?
679.
Meiosis- What's happening with
homologous chromosomes?
680.

Meiosis- Number of cells made

681.
Meiosis- How do the cells made compare
to the parent
682.
Define gene
683.

Define allele

684.
Explain what it means say an allele is
dominant
685.
Explain what it means say an allele is
recessive.
686.
Explain what it means say and organism is
heterozygous
687.
Explain what it means say and organism is
homozygous.
688.

genotype

689.

phenotype

690.

Explain Mendel's Principle of Segregation.

691.
Explain Mendel's Principle of Independent
Assortment.
692.
Explain how the process of meiosis
contributes to independent assortment.

693.
Explain how crossing over contributes to
independent assortment. Discuss how it can it
promote genetic variation.
694.

Define chromosome.

695.

Explain what causes genetic mutations.

696.
Explain how ionizing radiation from
radioactive materials damages the DNA.
697.
Explain why bone marrow cells and cells in
the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are more vulnerable
to radiation damage.
698.
Explain why ultraviolet (UV) radiation and
radon cause cancer.
699.
Describe how cells, tissues, organs, and
organ systems work together to perform human
body functions.
700.

Define homeostasis.

701.
Explain how our body maintains
homeostasis. Include examples of how our body
maintains homeostasis when there are fluctuations
in conditions such as temperature, hydration and
blood glucose levels.
702.
Describe the cells, tissues and organs for
the nervous system. Explain how the neurons,
spinal cord, and brain work together to respond to
stimuli. How does this help maintain homeostasis?
703.
Describe the cells, tissues and organs for
the circulatory system. Explain the functions of the
cells, heart, arteries, and veins of the circulatory
system in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide
throughout the body. How does this help the body
maintain homeostasis?
704.
Describe the cells, tissues and organs for
the respiratory system. Explain how the cells,
tissues, and organs in the respiratory and
circulatory system function interdependently to
provide cells with oxygen. How does this help the
body maintain homeostasis?
705.

How does our body maintain homeostasis?

706.
Describe how the cells, tissues, and organs
associated with the digestive system break down
food. How does this help the body maintain
homeostasis?

707.
Describe how the cells, tissues, and organs
in the urinary system aid in eliminating waste from
the body and maintaining water balance. How does
this help the body maintain homeostasis?
708.
Explain the role of cells, tissues, and organs
in the acquired immune response.
709.
Explain the theory of evolution and how it is
a unifying theme in biology.
710.
Define biogeography and explain how it is
a unifying theme in ecology.
711.
Define genetics and explain how it is a
unifying theme in biology.
712.
Explain plate tectonics and how it is a
unifying theme in earth science.
713.
Explain the Big Bang Theory and how it is
a unifying theme astronomy.
714.
Explain how discoveries and
advancements in one field of science have the
ability to impact other fields of science. Give
examples of this happening.
715.
Explain how discoveries and
advancements in science have the ability to impact
areas outside of science. Give examples of this
happening.
716.
Explain how chemistry and biology are
integrated, connected, and related?
717.
Explain how physics and chemistry are
integrated, connected, and related?
718.
Explain how physics and astronomy are
integrated, connected, and related?
719.
Explain how earth science and physics are
integrated, connected, and related?
720.
Explain how earth science and chemistry
are integrated, connected, and related?