PINNACLE 1st Year

Name:..........................................

SUBJECT: PHYSICS

CPP

Topic: Work Energy Power

Very short answers

1.
State the conditions under which a force does no work.
Ans: A force does no work if
a)the displacement is zero
b) the force is zero
c) the force and displacement are mutually perpendicular
2.
Define : Work, Power and Energy. State their SI units.
Ans: Work: The work done by a force (F) is defined to be the product of component of the force in the
direction of the displacement (d) and the magnitude of this displacement. Thus



w = ( F cos ) d = F d
SI unit : Joule
Power : It is defined as the time rate at which work is done or energy is transferred .
dw
P=
dt
SI unit : Watt
Energy: It is defined as the ability to do work.
SI. Unit : Joule
3.
State the relation between the kinetic energy and momentum of a body.
p2
Ans: Relation between kinetic energy K and momentum P of a body of mass m is K =
2m
4.

State the sign of work done by a force in the following

a) Work done by a man in lifting a bucket out of a well by means of a rope tied to the bucket
b) Work done by gravitational force in the above case
Ans: a) To lift a bucket out of a well the man applies a force in the vertically upward direction. Since
the displacement is also in upward direction = 00 and hence work done by man is positive.
b) Gravitational force acts in vertically downward direction and the displacement is in vertically
upward direction, = 1800 and hence work done by gravitational force is negative

5.

State the sign of work done by a force in the following

a) Work done by friction on a body sliding down an inclined plane
b) Work done by gravitational force in the above case.
Ans: a) Friction acts opposite to the direction of relative motion. Hence work done by frictional force
on a body sliding down on an inclined plane is negative
b) Angle between gravitational force and direction of motion of body is acute so work done is
positive.

6.

State the sign of work done by a force in the following cases

a)Work done by an applied force on a body moving on a rough horizontal plane with uniform
velocity
b)Work done by the resistive force of air on vibrating pendulum in bringing it to rest
Ans: a)The applied force and displacement are in same direction. So work is positive
b)The direction of resistive force is opposite to the direction of motion of the pendulum. Hence work
done is negative

7.

State if each of the following statements is true or false. Give reasons for your answer
a) Total energy of a system is always conserved, no matter what internal and external forces on
the body are present.
b)The work done by earths gravitational force in keeping the moon in its orbit for its one
revolution is zero.
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PINNACLE 1st Year

SUBJECT: PHYSICS

CPP

Ans: a) False. When external forces on the body are present total energy of a system cannot be
conserved
b) True. Gravitational force is a conservative force
8.

Which physical quantity remains constant

a) In an elastic collision
b) In an inelastic collision
Ans: a)In an elastic collision linear momentum and kinetic energy of system remain constant
b) In an inelastic collision only linear momentum of system is constant

9.

A body freely falling from a certain height h after striking a smooth floor rebounds and rises
to a height h/2. What is the coefficient of restitution between the floor and the body?
Ans:
1
coefficient of restitution between the floor and the body is
2
Explanation:
Given h1 = h
h
h2 =
2
Coefficient of restitution
h
e= 2
h1
h/2
1
=
h
2
1
2
What is the total displacement of a freely falling body, after successive rebounds from the same
place of ground, before it comes to stop?
Ans: Assume that e is the coefficient of restitution between the body and the ground.
If a body dropped freely from a certain height h, the displacement of the body is h.
h (1 + e 2 )
The total distance covered =
Where h is the height through which it has fallen and e is the
(1 e2 )

So coefficient of restitution between the floor and the body is

10.

1.

2.

coefficient of restitution.
Short Answer questions
What is potential energy ? Derive an expression for the gravitational potential energy
Ans: Potential energy
It is the stored energy by virtue of the position or configuration of a body.
Expression for gravitational potential energy:
Consider an object of mass m which is raised to a height h
The potential energy is measured by the work done in lifting a body through a height h against
gravitational force. The gravitational force in raising the object to that height is mg
Work done = mg h
This work done is stored as potential energy gravitational potential energy = mgh
A Lorry and a car moving with the same momentum are brought to rest by the application of
brakes, which provide equal retarding forces. Which of them will come to rest in shorter time ?
Which will come to rest in less distance?
Ans: (i) Both will come to rest simultaneously.
(ii) The lorry will come to rest in less distance compare to the car.
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PINNACLE 1st Year

SUBJECT: PHYSICS

Explanation: (i) From newton second law F =

CPP

p
, as F and p are same, t will be same.
t

Let m be the mass of a body

Let u and v be their initial and final velocities
Let s be the displacement of the body
From work energy theorem
1
1
F.S = mv 2 mu 2
2
2
1
FS = 0 mu 2
2
p2
FS =
( momentum p = mu)
2m
p2
So, S =
2mF
1
S
m
Therefore we can say that heavier body i.e lorry will come to rest in less distance compared to the car.

3.

4.

Distinguish between Conservative and non conservative forces with one example each
Ans: Conservative force
Non conservative force
1. A force is said to be conservative if the
1. A force is said to be non conservative if
work done by the force on a body in any
the work done by the force on a body in a
closed path is zero
closed path is not zero
2. The work done by the conservative force
2. The work done by the non conservative
depends initial and final positions.
force depends on the path followed from
Eg: Gravitational force
one point to reach the other
Eg: Frictional force

Show that in the case of one dimensional elastic collision, the relative velocity of approach of two
colliding bodies before collision is equal to the relative velocity of separation after collision
Ans: Consider two spheres (bodies) m1 and m 2 which are smooth, non- rotating are moving
along the straight line with Velocities u1 and u 2 (u1 > u 2 )
They undergo head on elastic collision and move along the same line after collision with final
velocities of v1 and v 2 . As the collision is elastic, momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
According to law of conservation of linear momentum.
m1u 2 + m 2 u 2 = m1v1 + m 2 v 2
m1 (u1 v1 ) = m 2 (v 2 u 2 )
(1)
According to law of conservation of kinetic energy
1
1
1
1
m 2 u12 + m 2 u 22 = m1v12 + m 2 v 22
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
m1 (u1 v1 ) = m 2 (v 2 u 2 )
..(2)
Dividing eqn (2) by (1)
m1 (u12 v12 ) m 2 (v 22 u 22 )
=
m1 (u1 v1 ) m 2 (v 2 u 2 )
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PINNACLE 1st Year

CPP

SUBJECT: PHYSICS

( u1 v1 )( u1 + v1 ) = (v 2 + u 2 )(v 2 u 2 )
(v 2 u 2)

(u1 v1 )

u1 + v1 = v 2 + u 2

5.

u1 u 2 = v 2 v1
Relative velocity of approach from the above equation before collision = relative velocity of separation
after collision
Show that two equal masses undergoing oblique elastic collision will move at right angles after
collision if the second body is initially at rest.
Ans: Let two particles of mass m each undergo an elastic collision. Let one of the particles has a

u =u u =0
If the velocities of the particles after collision be v and v , From the law of conservation of

velocity u before collision and the particle be at rest.

momentum

m u +m u =m v +m v
1

mu + m(0) = mv + mv
v +v =u
(1)
1

Since the collision in elastic the total kinetic energy of the two particles remains same before and after
collision.

1
1
1
1
m1u12 + m2u 22 = m1v12 + m2v22
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
mu + 0 = mv12 + mv22
2
2
2
v12 + v22 = u 2 (Or) u = v12 + v22
2

From equation (1)

between

v1

and

.. (2)

u = v12 + v 22 + 2v1v 2 cos .. (3) (Where is the angle

v2 )

From equations (3) and (4),

2v1v2 cos = 0
= 90o
So, two equal masses undergoing oblique elastic collision will move at right angles after collision if
the second body is initially at rest

6.

Derive an expression for the height attained by a freely falling body after n number of
rebounds from the floor
Ans: Consider a small sphere fall freely from a height h onto the floor. It strikes the floor with a
velocity of u
Then u1 = 2gh ---- (1)

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PINNACLE 1st Year

CPP

SUBJECT: PHYSICS

v1

h
h1

u1 =

u2 = 0

v=0

2gh

At the time of collision between the sphere and the floor, the initial and final velocities of floor are
zero i.e
u 2 = 0 and v 2 = 0
Let v1 be the final velocity of the sphere after the first collision
v v
e = 2 1
u1 u 2
0 v1
v1
e=
=
2gh 0
2gh

v1 = e 2gh
-ve sign indicates that the sphere rebounds.

(2)

The height (h1 ) attained by the sphere after first rebound is h1 =

v12 (e 2gh ) 2
=
= e2 h
2g
2g

h1 = (e 2 )1 h
..(3)
Similarly we can say that velocity attained by the sphere after second rebound is
v 2 = e 2 2gh
..(4)
And maximum height attained by the sphere after second rebound is
h 2 = (e 2 )2 h
.(5)
From the (2) &(4) equations velocity of the sphere rebounds after n collisions
v n = e n 2gh
From eqn (3) and (5)
Maximum height attained by the sphere after n rebounds is h n = (e 2 )n h

7.

Explain the law of conservation of energy?

Ans: Law of conservation of energy states that the total mechanical energy of the system is conserved
if the forces doing work on it are conservative. If some of the forces doing work on it are non
conservation part of the mechanical energy may get transformed into other forms such as heat, light
and sound .
However, their total energy of an isolated system does not change, as long as one accounts for all
forms of energy . Energy can neither be created not destroyed.
Since that universe as a whole may be viewed as isolated system , the total energy of the universe is
constant. If one part of the universal loses energy another part must gain an equal amount of energy.
Long answers Questions
1.
Develop the notions of work and kinetic energy and show that it leads to work energy theorem
Ans: Work: The work done by a force (F) is defined to be the product of component of the force in the
direction of the displacement (d) and the magnitude of this displacement. Thus



w = ( F cos ) d = F d
SI unit : Joule
Kinetic Energy: The energy possessed by virtue of motion is called kinetic energy
1
The kinetic energy of a particle of mass m moving with a speed V is mV 2
2
SI unit : Joule
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PINNACLE 1st Year

CPP

SUBJECT: PHYSICS

Work Energy Theorem

Statement: The change in kinetic energy of a particle is equal to the work done on it by the net
force i.e., k f k i = W.
Proof: Consider a particle of mass m moving in a constant direction with initial speed u. Let a be
its constant acceleration. Let v be its speed when its displacement is S. The kinetic eulation is
given by: v 2 u 2 = 2as . (1)
m
Multiplying both sides by we have:
2








1
1
Mv 2 Mu 2 = Ma.s = F.S (2); where the last step follows from Newtons 2nd law.
2
2
We can generalize equation (1) to three dimensions by employing vectors:

v 2 u 2 = 2a.s
m
we obtain:
Once again multiplying both sides by
2



   
1
1
Mv 2 Mu 2 = Ma.s = F.S (3)
2
2
1
1
In equation (3) Mv 2 = k f and Mu 2 = k i
2
2

Where, ki, kf are intial and final kinetic energies and F.S = W, where W refers to the work done by

the resultant force on the body over a displacement S .
k f k i = W . (4)
2.
Ans.

What are collisions? Explain the possible types of collisions? Develop the theory of one
dimensional elastic collision.
Collision: A strong interaction between bodies that occur for a very short time interval during
which redistribution of moment a occur; ignoring the effects of other force, are called collisions
Collisions are of 2 types:
(a) Elastic collision: The collision in which the total kinetic energy (K.E) before collision is equal to
the total K.E after collision is called elastic collision. Further, the total momentum is conserved in
elastic collision.
(b) Inelastic collision: The collision in which momentum remains conserved but K.E before
collision is not equal to the total K.E after collisions called an inelastic collision.
One dimensional elastic collision: Consider two spheres (bodies) which are smooth, non-rotating
having masses m1 and m2 (m1 > m2) are moving along the straight line joining their centres of mass
with initial velocities u1 and u2 (u1 > u2) they undergo ahead on collision and move along the same
line after collision with final velocities v1 and v2.

m1

m2

u1

u2

m1

v1

m2
v2

After collision
Before collision
(u1 > u 2 )
Elastic collision between 2 bodies
Respectively, The two bodies ernest forces on each other during collision.
According to law of conservation of linear momentum
m1u1 + m 2 u 2 = m1v1 + m 2 v 2
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PINNACLE 1st Year

SUBJECT: PHYSICS

CPP

m1u1 m1v1 = m 2 v 2 m 2 u 2
m1[u1 v1 ] = m 2 [v 2 u 2 ] (1)
According to law of conservation of kinetic energy (K.E)
1
1
1
1
M1u12 + M 2 u 22 = M1v12 + M 2 v 22
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
M1u1 M1v1 = M 2 v 2 M 2 u 2
M1[u12 v12 ] = M 2 [v 22 u 22 ] {a 2 b 2 = (a + b)(a b)}
M1 (u1 + v1 )(u1 v1 ) = M 2 (v 2 + u 2 )(v 2 u 2 ) (2)
Equation (1) / Equation (2) you will get
M1 (u1 + v1 )(u1 v1 ) M 2 (v 2 + u 2 )(v 2 u 2 )
=
M1 (u1 v1 )
M 2 (v 2 u 2 )
u1 + v1 = v 2 + u 2 .. (3)
From: M1u1 + M 2 u 2 = M1v1 + M 2 v 2 and equation (3) you have 2 unknowns (v1 and v2) and 2 from
equation (3) we can get the value of v2 or v1.
u1 + v1 = v 2 + u 2
v1 = v 2 + u 2 u1 . Now substitute v1 in m1u1 + m 2 u 2 = m1v1 + m 2 v 2 .
M1u1 M1[v 2 + u 2 u1 ] = M 2 v 2 M 2 u 2
M1u1 M1v 2 + M1u 2 M1u1 = M 2 v 2 M 2 u 2 ( m1u l + m1u l = 2m1u l )
2M1u l + M 2 u 2 M1u 2 = M1v 2 + M 2 v 2

2M1u l + M 2 u 2 M1u 2 = [ M1 + M 2 ] v 2
M1 [ 2u l u 2 ] + M 2 u 2
m1 + m 2

= v2

So, v 2 =
v1 =

2m1u1
(m m1 )
+ 2
u2
(m1 + m 2 ) (m1 + m 2 )

u 2 + M1 [ 2u l u 2 ] + M 2 u 2

= u1
m1 + m 2
M u + M 2 u 2 + 2M1u1 M1u 2 + M 2 u 2 M1u1 M 2 u1
= 1 2
m1 + m 2
=

3.
Ans.

M1u1 + M 2 [ 2u 2 u1 ]
m1 + m 2

m m2
2m 2
So, v1 = 1
u1 +
u2
m1 + m 2
m1 + m 2
State and prove law of conservation of energy in case of a freely falling body
Statement: Law of conservation of energy states that the total mechanical energy of the system is
conserved if the forces doing work on it are conservation and no external force acting on the system
does work on the system. Energy can neither be created now destroyed. But it can be converted from
one form to another form. The total energy of a closed system always remains constant.
Proof: In case of a freely falling body. A body of mass m is dropped from a height H from the
ground. The total Mechanical energy of the body; E = K + U; where K= Kinetic energy, U= Potential
energy,
Suppose A, B and C are the points at heights H, h and ground respectively
At A: At the highest point, velocity of the body u = 0
Kinetic energy K.E = , mu2 = 0; Potential energy P.E = mgh.
Total mechanical energy of the body = EA = P.E + K.E = mgH+0
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PINNACLE 1st Year

SUBJECT: PHYSICS

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EA = mgH (1)
At B: When the body falls from A to B which is at a height h from the ground. The velocity of
the body at B is VB.
S = H h; u = 0
a=g
v = vB = ?
a=g
v 2B 0 = 2g(H h)

v = vb

v b = 2g(H h)

1
1
Mv 2B = m2g[H h], k = mg[H h]
2
2
potential energy of the (u) = mgh
total mechanical energy at B = K + U
EB = mg(H-h)+mgH
EB = mgH . (2)
At C: when the body reaches the point c on the ground. The velocity of the body at C is vC can
be found by using v 2 u 2 = 2as
S=H
v C2 0 = 2gH
kinetic energy of the body (k) =

U=0

v C2 = 2gH

a=g

vC = 2gH

v = vC
1
Mv 2C
2
1
= M2gH = MgH
2

kinetic energy of the body (K) =

Potential energy (u) = 0

Total energy at C = K + U
EC = MgH (3)
From the above three equations (1), (2) and (3), the mechanical energy of the body remains constant
under the action of gravitational force. Hence law of conservation of energy is proved in case of
freely falling body.
A u =0

(Hh)

H
h

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