CHAPTER 2D | SECTION | | PROPERTIES Fmm| eiKIC 214 First Moment of Area/Second Moment of Area Geometric Properties of Section The shape of a section of a structural member affects the cross-sectional area (A), moment of Inertia (I) and section modulus (Z) of the members. — length =_ Section x-x Center of gravity (c.q) or centroid Weight of a body such as building or any part of a structure is always attracted by the gravitational pull of the ate through a point call ‘center of gravity’ A @ MOHD HISBANY MOHD HASHIM 7KIC 214 First Moment of Area/Second Moment of Area The center of gravity can be determine by two (2) methods (i) geometric properties (ii) method of moments Geometric properties cg. It is where the diagonal lines meet each other. Method of Moment Consider the cross sectional area shown: ieee Ys (1) Divide the body into several components: [- ye Au, Aa, As Ao eres berecensonend (2) Determine the area of each parts (3) Calculate the moments y. about a convenient eee a reference point or axis As MOHD HISBANY MOHD HASHIM.KIC 214 First Moment of Area/Second Moment of Area MOMENTS OF AREAS A.A. FIRST MOMENT OF AN AREA; CENTROID OF AN AREA Consider an area A located inthe ay plane (Fig. A.1). Denotngbye and y the coordinates of an element of area dA, we define the first mo ment of the area A with respect to the z axis as the integral a ay (aa) Fig. AA Similarly, the first moment of the area A with respect to the y att defined as the integral oef sak (a) We note that each of these integrals may be positive, negative, oF eer, depending on the position of the coordinate axes. If ST units are used, Ue first moments Q, and Q, are expressed in m® or rain if U.S. cus. ary units are used, they are expressed in {2 or in®. ‘The centroid of the area A is defined as the point C of coordinates? and j (Fig. A.9), which satisfy the relations ron ae Comparing Eqs. (A.1) and (A.2) with Eqs. (A.3), we note that the frst moments of the area A may be expressed as the products ofthe area andl raz the eoriatsof t catro Ag) as MOHD HISBANY MOHD HASHIMKIC 214 First Moment of Area/Second Moment of Area First Moment of Area: First moment of area with respect to x- axis: anf ydA =Ay First moment of area with respect to y- axis: anf xdA = Ax Thus, the location of c.g given by x and y coordinates Qx= Ax = Auxy + Axe + Asxs = Ax Qy= Ay = Ary + Aoyo + Asys =D Ay A FA+A+Ay Thus, xX = AX , Coordinate for A Center of gravity _ (centroid): Variety First moment of A area. MOHD HISBANY MOHD HASHIMKIC 214 First Moment of Area/Second Moment of Area AS. SECOND MOMENT, OR MOMENT OF INERTIA, OF AN AREA. 608 3, SECOND MOMENT, OR MOMENT OF INERTIA, OF AN AREA; RADIUS OF GYRATION Consider again an area A located in the sy plane (Fig. A-1) and the clement of area dA of coordinates x and y. "The aacond shoment, oF mo iment of inertia, ofthe area A with respect to the x axis, and the seconel moment, or moment of inertia, of A with respect tothe y ans re defined, respeatively, a¢ [ve nef te an ‘These integrals ure reforrod to 25 roclangular moments of inertia, since they are computed from the rectangular coordinates of the element dA, While each integral is actually a double integral, i ix possible in many: applications to select clements of area dA in the shape of thin horizontal or vertical steps, and thus reduce the compatations to integrations in a single variable. “This is ilustated in Example A.04. ‘We now define the polar moment of inert ofthe area A with respect to point O (Fig, A.15) as the tntepral Jox Pan ro) where pis the distance from O to the element dA. While this integral ayain a double integral, iis possible inthe ease of eireular area to sleet ‘elements of area dA in the shape of thi circular rings, and thas reduce the computation of Jo to 4 singe integration (see Example A.05). We note from Eqs. (A.7) and (A.8) thatthe moments of inertia of an area are positive quantities. IFS] nits are used, moments of inertia are ‘expressed inn oF min, “An important relation may be established botweon the polar moment of inertia Jo ofa given area and the rectangular moments of inertia Land fof the same area, Noting that p? = x! + 2 we write tox[au-[wrenar-[ rue f aan J bth, ao The radius of gyration ofan area A with respect to the x als fs defined at the quantity", which satis te rlatfon ema (a10) MOHD HISBANY MOHD HASHIMKIC 214, First Moment of Area/Second Moment of Area Moment of Inertia Moment is defined as Force multiplies by the distance from the force to about a point. M = Force x distance P Example A x Ma=P*x Thus, Ifl=Px*x = Px? = Moment of the moment of force = Second moment of force (area) = Moment of Inertia Moment of Inertia measures the efficiency of the shape of the cross sectional of material to resist bending due to applied load on a structures. The strength of material is not considered in the determination of moment of inertia. MOHD HISBANY MOHD HASHIMKIC 214 First Moment of Area/Second Moment of Area Second moment of area: hex = fy dA (x - axis) yy = je dA (y - axis) Consider the following figure: Area , dA c il fe h/2 | ax = Aays? + Asy2? + Asys? = Ay’ kK— bp —4 MOHD HISBANY MOHD HASHIMKIC 214 First Moment of Area/Second Moment of Area Moment of Inertia for rectangular section Consider the shaded area in the figure: bx dy y) y? «= (bd = by’ ay Then, the moment of inertia, hex “fp y? dy = by® } between h/2 and 0 3 for half rectangle = b (h/2)° — b(0) ~s —s7 = bh'/8 3 = bh? (for half rectangle) 24 For complete rectangle: MOHD HISBANY MOHD HASHIMKIC 214 First Moment of Area/Second Moment of Area Principle of parallel axis theorem 7 ty Area, A Moment of inertia of the area about axis x-x parallel to the fisrt axis (x - x) and at a distance d from the center of gravity. Modulus of Section Please find a book , READ, AND TAKE NOTE MOHD HISBANY MOHD HASHIMKIC 214, First Moment of Area/Segond Moment of Area h/3 x hs 7 n n Yjlily MOHD HISBANY MOHD HASHIM(um) 7 (amy a (ww) (wu) ray (gua) | (uu) | (uu) | (Gu) e | Hed Kk x | eay | xv ww OO} | ww Os ww 00z ie ww OOL ww 009 aiduexsGnu) (jw) (wu) | (i) (gui) | (wi) | (uu) xx] uy y 2 Ay K Bay wed ww OZ WW Op WW OZ ww og | ‘ wut oz | pawexyECS 208 | END OF CHpprPeR sD | Sector Propevves Fut - Dy &