TOPIC 2 : ANALYSIS OF STEADY

FLOW IN PIPELINE
2.1 Introduction and general approach
2.2 Incompressible flow through pipes
2.3 Flow through pipes in series
2.4 Flow through pipes in parallel
2.5 Flow through branching pipes
2.6 Pipe networks
2.7 Quantity Balance Method

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LECTURE 2.7
ANALYSIS OF STEADY FLOW
IN PIPELINE

Quantity Balance Method

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HARDY CROSS METHOD

(QUANTITY BALANCE METHOD)
Can be used when the heads,h at various points in a

pipe network are known

Necessary to calculate the quantities flowing in each
pipe
An estimate is made of the flow rate,Q for each pipe
Head, h between the junctions at each end of the
pipe is calculated for each pipe from the difference
of head, h
Resistance coefficient K, using equation

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 Figure 2.8 head at D has been overestimated by an

amount h relative h to the head at A, B and C

Values of QAD and QBD will be too small
Value of QDC will be too great
Differentiating the equation

Where K= Resistant coefficient (s2m5)

Q= Volumetric flow rate (m3/s)
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 Therefore

Since

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 The original estimate of the final D is reduced by

an amount h, the flows in AD and CD will be

increased to

&
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 If the flows are correct, inflow and outflow at D

will balance:

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 If hAD , hBD and hDC

are the assumed losses

of head in pipes AD,
BD and DC used to
calculate QAD, QBD,
and QCD

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 Substituting the previous equation,

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 Since Darcy Darcys s equation is used, the equation can be

written as

Where,

= Algebraic sum of the flows towards

the junction
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 When h has been calculated, the new value of

the head at D can be used to determine revised

values of QAD, QBD, and QDC
The process is repeated until Q has been reduced
to a negligible quantity
Example 2.6 shows the application of this method
to the three reservoir problem

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EXAMPLE 2.6

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SOLUTION FOR EXAMPLE 2.6

The following equations will be used

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 Procedure

i. Assume the head at junction D, HD

ii. Calculate the head loss between AD, BD and CD
iii. Calculate the value of K for each pipe
iv. With assumed h values and the calculated K
values, compute Q values through the equation
h = KQ2 for each pipe

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 The correction for the head can be obtained using the

following equation,

Note: For this example, the assumed head at junction D

is 50m
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 1ST TRIAL
X10-3

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 2ND TRIAL

hnew = hold + h
X10-3

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 3RD TRIAL

hnew = hold + h
X10-3
17.687

0.0873

6.29X10-3

2.468X10-3

0m

6.29X10-3
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 Since the correction has reached zero,

assumed head at junction D is at a elevation

80 17.687
18.057 = 62.3m
61.9m elevation

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21

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EXERCISE

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