TOPIC 2 :

STEADY INCOMPRESSIBLE
FLOW IN PIPELINES

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. To apply energy equation in pipes
2. To analyse of flow and piping systems including pipe in series and
pipes in parallel by applying energy equations
3. To analyse pipes in branching by using Analytical & Quantity Balance
Method.
4. To analyse pipe network by using Head Balance Method

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 PIPE SYSTEM
 Branching of pipes

Q1 Q3
 Pipe Networks a b c

d e f

g h i
2 Q2 Q4 4/22/2020
  Pipe system can be solved by:
1. Analytical method (Trial and error)
2. Hardy Cross Method
 Quantity Balance Method
[Branching of pipes]
 Head Balance Method [Pipe Networks]

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 TOPIC 2 : ANALYSIS OF STEADY
FLOW IN PIPELINE
2.1 Introduction and general approach
2.2 Incompressible flow through pipes
2.3 Flow through pipes in series
2.4 Flow through pipes in parallel
2.5 Flow through branching pipes (Analytical &
Quantity Balance Method)
2.6 Pipe networks (Head Balance Method)

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 LECTURE 2.5
ANALYSIS OF STEADY FLOW
IN PIPELINE

Flow through branching pipes

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INTRODUCTION
 Branching pipes consist of one or more pipes that separate into
two or more pipes
 The basic principles that must be satisfied are:
a) Continuity - at any junction
the total mass flow rate = the total mass flow
towards the junction rate away from it
b) There can be only one head value at any point
c) The energy equation must be satisfied for each pipe
  Figure below shows a simple branching pipe system where
there are three tanks connected by three pipes that join at D.

HGL

Datum
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  Actual direction of flow depends on
– The tank pressures and elevation
– Diameters, length and kinds of pipe

 Darcy Weisbach equation must be satisfied

for each pipe and continuity equation also
must be satisfied

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  It takes the form that the
flow into the junction, D = the flow out the junction
 Flow must be out of the highest reservoir and into the
lowest
 Therefore, continuity equation can be applied

or

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  If the elevation of hydraulic grade line (HGL) at
the junction is above the elevation of the intermediate
reservoir flow is into of it
 But if the HGL at D is below the intermediate
reservoir flow is out of it
 General problem associated with branching pipes:
To find the flow rate in each pipe

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 EXAMPLE 2.4 – Analytical Method

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 SOLUTION EXAMPLE 2.4
I. Apply the steady flow energy eqn. between A and B
 Total Head Loss = Friction loss pipe 1+ Friction loss pipe 2
 pA = pB = Atmospheric Pressure = 0

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 Substituting ZA-ZB = 15m, f= 0.015, L1= 150m,
d1= 100mm, L2= 80m, d2= 75mm

0.075
15 Eqn 1

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 II. Similarly, for flow from A to C,

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  Substituting ZA-ZC = 25m, f= 0.015, L1= 150m,
d1= 100mm, L3= 50m, d3= 50mm

25

25 Eqn 2

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 III. For continuity of flow at junction D,
the flow in of the junction = the flow out of the junction
 Flow through AD = Flow through DB + Flow through DC

Eqn 3
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  From eqn. 1,

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  From eqn. 2,

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  Substituting eqn. 1 and eqn. 2 o eqn. 3
 𝑣1 = [0.563 4.598 − 1.406𝑣12 ] + [0.25{ 8.175 − (1.5𝑣12 ) }]

𝑣1 = 1.368 𝑚/𝑠, 𝑄1 = 0.0107 𝑚3 /𝑠

𝑣2 = 1.651 𝑚/𝑠, 𝑄2 == 7.294𝑥10−3 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝑣3 = 2.317𝑚/𝑠, 𝑄3 == 4.549𝑥10−3 𝑚3 /𝑠

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 EXERCISE
 The figure below shows three reservoir s connected by three
different pipes. Determine the discharge and velocity in each
pipe. Assume that f is 0.012. Given that ZA=150m, ZB=80m
and ZC=20m.

d1 = 300mm, L1 =2.5km
d2 =200mm, L2 =1.5km
d3 =200mm, L3 =1.5km

Answer:
v1=1.48m/s, v2=1.18m/s, v3=2.16m/s
Q1=0.105m3/s, Q2=0.037m3/s, Q3= 0.068m3/s
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 HGL

Datum

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