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Documents - MX - SPM Biology Design Experiment Paper 3 Notes
Documents - MX - SPM Biology Design Experiment Paper 3 Notes
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Concentration
of sucrose
solution(M)
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Initial(cm)
5
5
5
5
5
5
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Length
Final(cm)
Change in
length(cm)
1
2
3
4
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average
pH
values
2
7
9
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12. The result is recorded and a graph showing the rate of reaction against temperature
is plotted
13. The activities of amylase reaction Is optimum at 37oC
Presentation of data
Test
Tem Time taken for the hydrolysis of starch to be
completed (minutes)
tube
p
o
( C)
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Food sample
Initial
Temperature 0C
Final
Energy value
Increase in
temperature
White bread
Peanut
Cashew nut
Volume of fruit
Percentage of
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Vitamin C
juice needed to
decolourize 1ml of
DCPIP solution (ml)
vitamin C In fruit
juice (%)
concentration in
fruit juice (mg/cm)
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Presentation of data
Distance of
light source
(cm)
50
40
30
20
10
Number of bubbles
released in 5 minutes
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9. The results are recorded and the rate of photosynthesis is calculated by using
a formula:[rate of photosynthesis formula]
Presentation of data
Concentration of
Number of bubbles
sodium hydrogen
released in 5 minutes
carbonate solution
(%)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
6. Three maize seedlings of the same height are chosen and put into each jars
7. Keep the roots of seedlings are fully immersed in each solutions.The culture
solution is aerated using an air pump to ensure the root of the seedling
obtain enough for respiration
8. All set of apparatus are exposed to light so the seedling are able to carry out
photosynthesis
9. The culture solution in each jar is replaced every week to ensure that the
nutrients which are supposed to be available are not depleted
10.After one month,seedling in jar A Is taken out and the height of seedling is
measured and recorded by using a ruler.the growth rate of the seedling is
calculated and is recorded in a table using formula:
The height of seedling
(cm)
Time taken (days)
11.Step 10 is repeated with seedling in glass jar B and glass jar C are observed
12.Record the result in table and plot a bar chart showing the growth rate of
seedlings(cm/day) against the types of solution
Presentation of data
Glass jar
Type of solution
A
B
Distilled water
Complete knops
solution
Nitrogen deficient in
culture solution
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4. The apparatus is joined to a rubber stopper with glass tube,rubber tubing and
the manometer
5. The apparatus is placed to a retort stand
6. Mark and record the initial height of the coloured liquid in the manometer
with a marker pen
7. Then,placed the boiling tube in water bath at 20 0C
8. Start the stopwatch and mark the level of coloured liquid in the manometer
(after 10 minutes)
9. Record the final height of the coloured liquid in the manometer using a ruler
10.Repeat the experiment by placing the boiling tube in water baths at
300C,400C and 500C
11.Make sure all the joints of the apparatus are air-tight
12.Calculate and record the rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast by using a
formula
The change in height of coloured water in the manometer
Time taken
13.The results are tabulated in a table
Presentation of data
Temperature
The height of coloured liquid in
0
(C )
manometer(cm)
initial
final
20
30
40
50
Rate of anaerobic in
yeast (cm/min)
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Procedure
1. Filled the boiling tube with 15 ml yeast suspension.
2. Then the boiling tube is added with 10ml 5% glucose solution
3. 4 drop of 0.1mol dm3 Hydrochloric acid is added
4. The content in boiling tube is shaked.determine the pH of the solution using
pH paper
5. The boiling tube is filled with paraffin oil.
6. The apparatus is joined to a rubber stopper with glass tube,rubber tubing and
the manometer
7. The apparatus is placed to a retort stand
8. Mark and record the initial height of the coloured liquid in the manometer
with a marker pen and a ruler
9. Start the stopwatch and mark the level of coloured liquid in the manometer
(after 10 minutes)
10.Record the final height of the coloured liquid in the manometer using a ruler
11.Repeat the experiment by placing add 4 drops o.o1 mol dm 3 HCL,4 drops of
distilled water and 4 drops of 0.1 mol dm3 sodium hydroxide
12.Make sure all the joints of the apparatus are air-tight
13.Calculate and record the rate of anaerobic respiration in yeast by using a
formula
The change in height of coloured water in the manometer
Time taken
14.The results are tabulated in a table
Presentation of data
pH
The height of coloured liquid in manometer (cm)
Rate of anaerobic
respiration in yeast
(cm/min)
Rate of anaerobic
respiration(cm/min)
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Presentation of data
Before experiment
After experiment
Temperature (0C)
Colour of cotton
wool
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Presentation data
Data for inhaled air
Length of inhaled air column at the
beginning experiment
Length of inhaled air column after
treating with potassium hydroxide
solution
Length of inhaled air column after
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P
Q
R
(p-q)cm
(q-r)cm
p-qcm x 100%
p cm
q-rcm x 100
p cm
X
Y
Z
(x-y)cm
(y-z)cm
(x-y)cm x 100%
X cm
(y-z)cm x 100%
X cm
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Hypothesis
The population size of species mimosa pudica plant is higher than species
imeprata cylindrica in the school field
Variables
MV : type of plant
RV : population size
CV : quadrat size
Materials and apparatus
Plant species Mimosa Pudica and imperata cylindrica ,plastic quadrat,marker
pen,A4 paper,graph paper
Procedure
1. School field was chosen as the field study
2. Quadrats size 1mx1m was used
3. Two plants species mimosa pudica and imperata cylindrica was identified
4. The quadrats were thrown at random in the school field
5. The area of coverage each plant species were counted
6. If more than half of the squares in the quadrat are covered ,the area of plant
species will be counted.the area is not counted if only less than half is
covered
7. Steps 5 to 7 was repeated for nine quadrats
8. The area covered by plant species studied in each quadrat were recorded
and tabulated in a table
9. The percentage coverage of plant species were calculated by using this
formula :
percentage of coverage = total are covered plant species In all quadrats X
100
Total number of quadrants x area of quadrat
Presentation of data
Plant
specie
s
10
Total
number of
plant
species(m2
)
19.TO INVESTIGATE THE WATER POLUTION LEVEL AND BOD VALUE AT THE
STATION A,B, AND C
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Percentag
e
coverage
area (%)
Problem statement
Which sources of water sample A,B and C will be more polluted and give the higher
BOD value?
Hypothesis
Water sample C are the most polluted and have the highest BOD value compare to
water sample A and B
Variable
MV : type water samples
RV : water pollution level and BOD values
CV : volume of water sample
Apparatus and materials
Reagents bottles with stoppers,syringe,cupboard,stopwatch,label paper, measuring
cylinder, beaker, water sources from station A,B and C,methylene blue solution
Procedure
1. 200ml water samples from A,B and C sources are collected
2. 3 bottles of reagent are labeled as A,B, and X respectively
3. 100ml of water samples at A were measured by using measuring cylinder are
being put into reagent bottle
4. 1ml of methylene blue solution 0.1% solution was added to the base of each
water samples using a syringe
5. The bottles are closed quickly and the contents are not to be shaken
6. Steps 1 to 5 were repeated by using water source from station B and C
7. All the bottles are placed in a cupboard and the stopwatch is started
8. The bottle are examined from time to time
9. The time taken for methylene to decolourise is recorded for all the water
samples
10.The results are recorded in a table
Presentation of data
Reagent bottles
Water samples
(100ml)
Time taken to
decolourise
methylene blue
(hour)
A
B
C
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Number of lemna
Beginning
end
5
5
5
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Condition of pH
0.1M of hydrochloric
acid(acidic)
0.1M sodium
hydroxide(alkaline)
distilled
water(neutral)
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The growth
rate of lemna
minor(day)
A
B
C
D
Hypothesis
As the TSA/V ratio increases the rate of difusion of the substances increases
Variables
MV : TSA/V
RV : rate of difusion
CV : concentration of coloured water
Apparatus and materials
Coloured water,potato,filter paper,knife,blade,white tiles,forceps,stopwatch,grided
transparency sheet,beaker
Procedure
1. Potato is cut into cubes which is 1cm3,8cm3,27cm3, and 64cm3
2. Each potato cubes is placed in a beaker containing coloured water for
20minutes
3. After 20minutes the potato cubes are cut into two halves
4. The outer surface of the potato cubes are dried using filter paper
5. The transparency sheet is placed on the top of cut surface
6. The area that is stained red is drawn and shaded on the gridded transparency
7. Coloured area in each potato cubes is measured by using gridded
transparency
8. The percentage of coloured area in each potato cube is calculated and
recorded
9. Calculated and recorded the rate of difusion using a formula
Percentage of coloured area %
Time taken(Min)
Presentation of data
Size of cubes(cm3)
Percentage of coloured
area (%)
1
8
27
64
Hypothesis
The higher the number of leaves,the higher the rate of photosynthesis
Variables
MV : number of leaves
RV : rate of transpiration
CV : air movement
Apparatus and materials
Plant shoot with leaves,water,photometer(or capillary tube,ruler,ruber
tube),stopwatch,light bulb,beaker
Procedure
1. A leafy shoot is chosen from a plant.the shoot is cut and is immersed
immediately into a basin of water
2. The shoot is cut 1cm from the bottom of the stem under water.the leaves are
removed from the shoot and 8 leaves is left behind
3. The cut end of the stem is inserted carefully into the rubber tubing of the
photometer under water
4. The apparatus is then set up as shown in diagram .the end of the tube is
immersed in a beaker of water
5. The leaves and the apparatus are wiped dry with a cloth
6. Vaseline is used to ensure no water leakage and the apparatus is air tight
7. An air bubble is introduced in the tube
8. The photometer then placed in an enclosed room with no air movement
9. The shoot Is allowed a few minutes to reach a steady state before any
readings is taken
10.The stopwatch is activated and the time taken for air bubble travel10cm
distance is recorded
11.The experiment is repeated to obtain two more reading
12.Steps 1 to 11 are repeated by using diference shoot with diference number
of leaves 6,4,2 and 0.
13.The time taken for air bubble to travel for each shoot is recorded in the
following table using stopwatch
14.Calculate the rate of transpiration by using formula
Presentation of data
Number of
leaves
0
2
4
6
8
Rate of
transpiration(cm/min)
Hypothesis
The higher the light intensity,the higher the rate of transpiration
Variables
MV : distance light sources
RV : rate of of transpiration
CV : temperature
Apparatus and materials
Photometer,stopwatch,knife,beaker,fluorescent lamp,meter ruler, balsam
plant,vaseline,water,tissue
Procedure
1. A suitable balsam plant is selected and is cut using a sharp knife.the
cut end is immediately immersed in a beaker filled with distilled water
2. The cut plant is then fixed onto a photometer and the joint between
the plant and the photometer are sealed using a Vaseline to make the
airtight
3. The laboratory curtains and doors are pulled and closed so that outside
lightning will not efect the outcome of experiment
4. A 40W fluorescent lamp is set 30cm away from the edge of the
photometer with a meter ruler placed to measure the distance
5. The air bubble in photometer is set to 0cm.the lamp is switched on and
the stopwatch is started when the air bubble cross X mark.
6. The movement of air bubble is observed and the stopwatch is stopped
when the bubble reaches Y mark that is 10cm
7. Record the time taken into a table using stopwatch
8. Step 4 to 7 are repeated ,with the distance of the lamp are put at
40cm,50cm,60cm away from the photometer.
9. Calculate the rate of transpiration by using a formula
10.All the findings are recorded In a table
Presentation of data
Distance of lamp from the
edge of photometer (cm)
Rate of transpiration
(cm/second)
0
40
50
60
Hypothesis
As the speed of the air movement increases,the rate of transpiration increases.
Variables
MV : speed of air movement
RV : Rate of transpiration
CV : the temperature
Apparatus and materials
Capillary tube,retort stand,50ml beaker,basin,scalpel,rubber tubing,tissue
paper,vaseline,marker pen and stopwatch,ruler,fan,water and plant shoot
Procedure
1. The leafy shoot is immersed In the water and cut using a sharp scalpel
2. The rubber tubing and capillary tube is placed in the basin containing
water.the apparatus is filled with water.the leafy shoot is inserted into the
rubber tubing
3. Steps 1-2 is carried out under water to mae sure no air bubbles are trapped in
the apparatus
4. A finger is placed over the open the end of the capillary tube.the apparatus is
removed from the basin
5. The open end of the capillary tube is placed under water in the beaker before
ermoving the finger from the tube
6. The water is dried from the surface of the leaves of the shoot using a tissue
paper.some vaseline is smeared around the rubber tubing to make the
apparatus airtight
7. The capillary tube is lifted just clear above the water reservoir .the rubber
tubing is squeezed gently to release one drop of water from the capillary tube
.the capillary tube is placed in water
8. The apparatus is supported by a retort stand.a marker pen is used to mark
two points, X and Y at a distance of 5 cm apart
9. The photometer is placed under the table fan with speed 1 .record the time
taken (in minutes) for the air bubble to move from point X to point Y using
stopwatch
10.Repeat the experiment twice
11.To reset the photometer,squeeze the rubber tubing so that air bubble escapes
into the beaker of water
12.The above step is repeated to get three readings with the same shoot in
under water a an with speed 2 and respectively
13.The average rate of the rate of transpiration measurement is recorded in the
table using formula
Prresentation of data
Speed of
Time taken for the air bubble to move from point X to Y
fan
(minutes)
First reading Second
Third
average
reading
reading
Speed 1
Speed 2
Speed 3
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Rate of
transpiratio
n (cm/min)
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Rate of
Y (minute)
1
2
average
transpiration(cms1
)
Shady place
300C
Under the sun
330C
26.TO INESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF AIR HUMIDITY ON THE RATE OF
TRANSPIRATION
Problem statement
Does humidity of air efect the rate of temperature?
Hypothesis
When the air humidity surrounding the plant is high,the rate of transpiration is low
Variable
MV : humidity of air
RV : rate of transpiration
CV : temperature
Apparatus and materials
Photometer,stopwatch,cutter,beaker,meter ruler,a basin of water,marker,a leafy
shoot,water,vaseline,dry cloth,anhydrous calcium chloride,transparent bag
Procedure
1. The leafy shoot is immersed in the water and cut using a sharp scalpel
2. The rubber tubing and capillary tube is placed in the basin containing
water.the apparatus is filled with water.the leafy shoot is inserted into the
rubber tubing
3. Steps 1-2 is carried out under water to make sure no air bubble are trapped in
the apparatus
4. A finger is placed over the open end of the capillary tube.the apparatus is
removedfrom the basin
5. The open end of the capillary tube is placed under in the beaker before
removing the finger from the tube
6. The water is dried from the surface of the leaves of the shoot using tissue
paper.some vaseline is smeared around the rubber tubing to make sure the
apparatus airtight
7. The capillary tube is lifted just clear above the water reservoir .the rubber
tubing is squeezed gently to release one drop of water from the capillary tube
.the capillary tube is placed under water
8. The apparatus is supported by a retort stand .a marker pen is used to mark
two points ,X and Y at a distance 5 cm apart
9. The transparent bag filled with presence of anhydrous calcium chloride is
used to cover the leafy shoot
10.Record the time taken (in minutes) for the air bubble to move from pint X to Y
using a stopwatch
11.Repeat the experiment twice
12.To reset the photometer,squeeze the rubber tubing so that air bubble escapes
into the beaker of water
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13.The above step is repeated to get three readings with the same shoot with
the transparent bag with absence of anhydrous calcium chloride
14.The rate of transpiration measurement is recorded in the table using formula
Presentation of data
Condition inside
tranparent bag
Humidity of air
The rate of
transpiration (cm.min)
contain anhydrous
calcium chloride
Without anhydrous
calcium chloride
200
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800
1000
produced(m
l)
Number of button
colour
genotype
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phenotype
10
20
30
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40
50
Type of fingerprint
whorl
curves
Height (m)
composite
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loops
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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White
Black
Multicolour
ed floral
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otal number of
buttons were
taken