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Cmos Aicd Introduction PDF
Cmos Aicd Introduction PDF
Page 1.0-1
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VDD
VPB1
I4
I5
M4
I1
+
vIN
VNB1
VPB2
I2
I6
I7
M6
M1 M2
M3
M5
I3
M7
vOUT
VNB2
M8
M9
M10
M11
SPECIFICATIONS
CL
0601220-01
Page 1.0-2
Course Philosophy
+
vIN
-A
M9
M7
M8
-A
M2
M1
M6
-A
M5
???
1
M1
VDD
M1
-A
M3
+
vIN
M9
M7
M8
VPB1
3.2
45
1
M1
VDD
M1
M3
VPB1
-A
M2
M1
M6
-A
M5
M4
M4
VNB1
M5
DD
vIN
-A
TH
E
RISK
TH
UN
Y PAT
H
PATHS TO
PA
ISE
ANALOG IC THE W
DESIGN
DE
RS
TA
ND
IN
RK
S
NB1
M1
PB1
M2
M4
M6
M3
M8
-A
M10
-A
M7
M9
M11
VNB1
G OF
W
HOW THE CIRCUIT
061215-03
Page 1.0-3
Course Prerequisites
Basic understanding of electronics
- Active and passive components
- Large and small signal models
- Frequency response
Circuit analysis techniques
- Mesh and loop equations
- Superposition, Thevenin and Nortons equivalent circuits
Integrated circuit technology
- Basics process steps
- PN junctions
Page 1.0-4
Chapter 10
D/A and A/D
Converters
Systems
Chapter 6
Simple CMOS &
BiCMOS OTA's
Chapter 7
High Performance
OTA's
Chapter 8
CMOS/BiCMOS
Comparators
Complex
Simple
Chapter 4
CMOS
Subcircuits
Chapter 5
CMOS
Amplifiers
Chapter
Chapter10
2
CMOS/BiCMOS
D/A and A/D
Technology
Converters
Chapter
Chapter11
3
CMOS/BiCMOS
Analog
Modeling
Systems
Circuits
Devices
Introduction
CMOS Analog Circuit Design
061221-01
Page 1.0-5
References
1.) P.E. Allen and D.R. Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design 2nd Ed., Oxford
University Press, 2002.
2.) P.R. Gray, P.J. Hurst, S.H. Lewis and R.G. Meyer, Analysis and Design of Analog
Integrated Circuits 4th Ed., John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2001.
3.) B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 2001.
4.) R.J. Baker, H.W. Li and D.E. Boyce, CMOS Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation,
IEEE Press, 1998.
5.) D. Johns and K. Martin, Analog Integrated Circuit Design, John Wiley and Sons,
Inc., 1997.
6.) K.R. Laker and W.M.C. Sansen, Design of Analog Integrated Circuits and Systems,
McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994.
7.) R.L. Geiger, P.E. Allen and N.R. Strader, VLSI Techniques for Analog and Digital
Circuits, McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1990.
8.) A. Hastings, The Art of Analog Layout 2nd Ed., Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2005.
9.) J. Williams, Ed., Analog Circuit Design - Art, Science, and Personalities,
Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991.
10.) R.A. Pease, Troubleshooting Analog Circuits, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991.
CMOS Analog Circuit Design
Page 1.1-1
ANALYSIS
Properties
System 3
DESIGN
Properties
System 4
031028-01
Page 1.1-2
Electrical
Design
Comparison
with design
specifications
Comparison
with design
specifications
Implementation
Simulation
Physical Definition
Physical
Design
Physical Verification
Parasitic Extraction
Fabrication
Fabrication
Testing and
Product
Development
Product
Fig. 1.1-2
Page 1.1-3
;;
L
W/L ratios
Circuit or
systems
specifications
Analog
Integrated
Circuit Design
M3
vin
+
VDD
M6
M4
M1
Cc
vout
CL
M2
+
VBias
-
M7
M5
VSS
Topology
DC Currents
Fig. 1.1-3
The electrical design requires active and passive device electrical models for
- Creating the design
- Verifying the design
- Determining the robustness of the design
Page 1.1-4
3.2
45
M11
VDD
M10
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M3
M6
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M7
-A
-A
DD
-A
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PB1
VNB1
M5
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M10
M8
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M3
M6
M2
M4
M4
M7
M9
M11
M5
vIN
M1
M2
M1
NB1
+
vIN
M9
M8
VPB1
0601216-02
Page 1.1-5
n+
p+
+5V
Ground
M2
vout
(2.5V)
M1
M2
vin
(2.5V)
White
vout
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FABRICATION
LAYOUT
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031113-01
5V
vin
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te
Page 1.1-6
Page 1.1-7
Packaging
Packaging of the integrated circuit is an important part of the physical design process.
The function of packaging is:
1.) Protect the integrated circuit
2.) Power the integrated circuit
3.) Cool the integrated circuit
4.) Provide the electrical and mechanical connection between the integrated circuit and
the outside world.
Packaging steps:
Dicing
the wafer
Attachment
of the chip to
a lead frame
Connecting
the chip to
a lead frame
Encapsulating the
chip and lead
frame in a package
031115-01
Page 1.1-8
Page 1.3-1
Page 1.3-2
Understanding Technology
Understanding technology helps the analog IC designer to know the limits of the
technology and the influence of the technology on the design.
Drain
Collector
Device Parasitics:
RD
CGD
Gate
RG
RC
C
CBD
RB Bulk
CGB
Base
CJS
RB
RSub
CGS
CBS
Substrate
RS
RE
Source
Emitter
050319-05
Connection Parasitics:
+5V
vin
M2
vout
M2
vout
vin
+5V
M1
M1
050304-01
Page 1.3-3
Page 1.3-4
Understanding Modeling
Modeling:
Modeling is the process by which the electrical properties of an electronic circuit or
system are represented by means of mathematical equations, circuit representations,
graphs or tables.
Models permit the prediction or verification of the performance of an electronic
circuit or system.
Electronic
Circuits
and
Systems
Equations,
Circuit
representations,
graphs, tables
Prediction or
verification of
circuit or system
performance
Examples:
Ohms law, the large signal model of a MOSFET, the I-V curves of a diode, etc.
Page 1.3-5
Analog
Design
Page 1.3-6
Components (transistor)
031030-03
Page 1.3-7
Assumptions
Assumptions:
An assumption is taking something to be true without formal proof. Assumptions in
analog circuit design are used for simplifying the analysis or design. The goal of an
assumption is to separate the essential information from the nonessential information
of a problem.
The elements of an assumption are:
1.) Formulating the assumption to simplify the problem without eliminating the
essential information.
2.) Application of the assumption to get a solution or result.
3.) Verification that the assumption was in fact appropriate.
Examples:
Neglecting a large resistance in parallel with a small resistance
Miller effect to find a dominant pole
Finding the roots of a second-order polynomial assuming the roots are real and
separated
Page 1.3-1
Page 1.3-2
Physical
Sensors
Actuators
Transmission
Media
VLSI
DIGITAL
SYSTEM
Audio
I/O
Storage
Media
Analog/Digital
Interface
Electronics
CMOS Analog Circuit Design
Imagers &
Displays
Fig. 1.3-3
Page 1.3-3
A/D
DSP
System
Trend:
ASP
A/D
DSP
System
Fig. 1.3-4
Page 1.3-4
Page 1.3-5
Page 1.4-1
Subscript
Uppercase
Example
qA
Uppercase
Lowercase
Uppercase
Lowercase
QA
qa
Lowercase
Qa
Drain Current
Signal Definition
Total instantaneous value of the signal
Idm
id
ID
iD
t
Fig. 1.4-1
Page 1.4-2
S
Enhancement
NMOS with
VBS = 0V.
Enhancement
PMOS with
VBS = 0V.
S
Enhancement
B NMOS with
VBS 0V.
Enhancement
B PMOS with
VBS 0V.
S
Simple
NMOS
symbol
Simple
PMOS
symbol
Page 1.4-3
Differential amplifier,
op amp, or comparator
AvV1 +-
V1
I1
V
-
Independent
current source
I2
Independent
voltage sources
+
V2
V1
Voltage-controlled,
voltage source
GmV1
I1
Voltage-controlled,
current source
I2
+
RmI1 +-
V2
AiI1
Current-controlled,
voltage source
CMOS Analog Circuit Design
Current-controlled,
current source
P.E. Allen - 2006
Page 1.4-4
QABC
A = Terminal with the larger magnitude of potential
B = Terminal with the smaller magnitude of potential
C = Condition of the remaining terminal with respect to terminal B
C = 0 There is an infinite resistance between terminal B and the 3rd terminal
C = S There is a zero resistance between terminal B and the 3rd terminal
C = R There is a finite resistance between terminal B and the 3rd terminal
C = X There is a voltage source in series with a resistor between terminal B
and the 3rd terminal in such a manner as to reverse bias a PN junction.
Examples
I
S
DSS
VGS
CDGS
+
G
(a.)
IDS
S
(b.)
BVDGO
G
(c.)
(a.) Capacitance from drain to gate with the source shorted to the gate.
(b.) Drain-source current when gate is shorted to source (depletion device)
(c.) Breakdown voltage from drain to gate with the source is open- circuited to the gate.
CMOS Analog Circuit Design
Page 1.6-1