7/5/2015

.:ALTERNATORS

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ALTERNATORS
Constructionand
WorkingPrinciple
Theelectricalmachine,
whichgeneratesac,is
knownasacgenerator
oralternator.Similarto
dcgeneratoritoperates
onthefundamental
principleofelectro
magneticinduction.It
RevolvingFieldSalientPoleTypeAlternator
essentiallyconsistsof
twopartsnamelythe
armatureandfieldmagnetsystem.Thealternatormaybeconstructedwitheitherthe
armatureorthefieldstructureasrevolvingmember.Smallacgeneratorsandoflow
voltageratingarecommonlymadewithrotatingarmature.Insuchgeneratorsthe
requiredmagneticfieldisproducedbydcelectromagnetsplacedonthestationary
member,calledthestator,andthecurrentgeneratediscollectedbymeansofbrushes
andslipringsontherevolvingmember,calledtherotor.

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Practicallyalllargeratinggeneratorsaremadewithrevolvingfield.Insuchgenerators
revolvingfieldstructureorrotorhasslipringsandbrushesforsupplyofexcitation
currentfromanoutsidedcsourceandthestationaryarmature,(alsocalledthestator),
whichismadeupofthinsiliconsteellaminationssecurelyclampedandheldinplace
inthesteelframe,accommodatescoilsorwindingintheslots.Theslotsprovidedon
thestatorcorearemainlyoftwotypesvizopentypeorsemiclosedtypeslots.
Totallyclosedtypeslotsareneverused.
Thefieldsystemisjustlikethatofadcgeneratorwhichisexcitedfromaseparate
sourceof125or250Vdcsupply.Theexcitationisusuallyprovidedformasmalldc
shuntorcompoundgenerator,calledtheexciter,mountedontheshaftofthe
alternatoritself.
Thestationaryarmatureandrevolvingfieldsystemhavesomeinherentadvantages
suchas(i)lightrevolvingsystem(ii)easiertoinsulatethehighvoltagewindingwhen
mountedonstationarystructure(iii)connectionofloadcircuitwithoutpassingthrough
slipringsfor125Vor250V9v)coolingofarmaturewindingismorereadilypossible.
Rotorsareoftwotypesvizsalientpoletypeandnonsalientorsmoothcylindrical
types.
Salientpoletyperotorisusedalmostentirelyforslowandmoderatespeed
alternators(hydrogenerators),sinceitisleastexpensiveandprovidesamplespace
forthefieldampereturns.Salientpolescannotbeemployedinhighspeedgenerators,
suchasturbogenerators,onaccountofveryhighperipheralspeed(100to170m/s)
andthedifficultyofobtainingsufficientmechanicalstrength.Suchrotorshavelarge
diameterandsmallaxiallength.Smoothcylindricalornonsalientpoletyperotorsare
usedinveryhighspeedalternators,suchasturbogenerators.Suchrotorshavetwo
orfourpolesandsmalldiameterandlongaxiallength.Thesearebetterindynamic
balancingandquieterinoperation.Windagelossesarealsoless.

http://creazyengineers07.blogspot.com/2010/08/alternators.html

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7/5/2015

.:ALTERNATORS
Operation
OfDc
Machine

EMFEquation.Theemfequationforanalternatorisgivenas

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Technol
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Ermsperphase=4.44KdKpfTvolts
WhereKpiscoilspanfactororpitchfactorandisequaltocos/2whereisangle
bywhichcoilspanfallsshortandisequaltounityforfullpitchwinding,Kdisthe
distributionorbreadthsfactorandisequalto(sinm/2/msin/2)mbeingthe
numberofslotsperpoleperphaseand=1800/numberofslotsperpole,isthe
usefulfluxperpoleinwebers,fisthefrequencyinhertzandTisthenumberofturns
perphase.
RatingofAlternators.ThealternatorsareratedinKVAorMVA.

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CrazyEngineeristhebestplacetogetanswerstoallyourdoubtsregarding
explanationofalternatorsincludingitsconstructionandworkingprinciplewithdiagram
andexamples.Youcansubmityourschool,collegeoruniversitylevelhomeworkor
assignmenttousandwewillmakesurethatyougettheanswersyouneedwhichare
timelyandalsocosteffective.Ourtutorsareavailableroundtheclocktohelpyouout
inanywaywithelectricalengineering.
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