Bibliography

Sources
1300 Years of Islamic History in 3 Minutes. YouTube. January 04, 2014. Accessed November 29,
2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0VdJAgLRoE.
Al-Ghazal, Sharif Kaf, Dr., and Salim Ayduz. "The Origins of Bimaristans (Hospitals) in Islamic
Medical History." Edited by Mohamed El-Gomati and Mohamed Abattouy. Foundation
for Science Technology and Civilisation, April 2007. Accessed November 8, 2016.
http://www.muslimheritage.com/uploads/The_Origin_of_Bimaristans_in_Islamic_Medic
al_History.pdf
"Islamic Culture and the Medical Arts." U.S. National Library of Medicine. April 15, 1994.
Accessed November 29, 2016.
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/islamic_medical/islamic_10.html.
Saad, Bashar, and Omar Said. "Greco-Arab and Islamic Herbal Medicine." 2011.
doi:10.1002/9780470944363.
Singer C A Short History of Anatomy and Physiology from the Greeks to Harvey. New York:
Dover, 1957.
Strohmaier, Gotthard. "Arabic Medicine: Continuation of Greek Tradition and
Innovation." European Review 20, no. 4 (10, 2012): 543-51,
http://ezproxy.liberty.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1142067832?
accountid=12085.
Syed, Ibrahim B. "Islamic Medicine: 1000 Years Ahead of Its Times." Journal of the Islamic
Medical Association of North America 13, no. 1 (1981). doi:10.5915/13-1-11925.
Unless otherwise cited, all images from retrieved from Encyclopdia Britannica ImageQuest.
http://quest.eb.com/search/139_2017271/1/139_2017271/cite

West, John B. "Ibn Al-nafis, the Pulmonary Circulation, and the Islamic Golden Age." Essays on
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West, John B. Scheme of the circulation of the blood according to the school of Galen. From Ref.
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YouTube. October 2, 2008. Accessed November 29, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
time_continue=231&v=NIVV-B9Jna0.

Further Reading
Al-Ghazal, Sharif Kaf, Dr., and Salim Ayduz. "The Origins of Bimaristans (Hospitals) in Islamic
Medical History." Edited by Mohamed El-Gomati and Mohamed Abattouy. Foundation
for Science Technology and Civilisation, April 2007. Accessed November 8, 2016.
http://www.muslimheritage.com/uploads/The_Origin_of_Bimaristans_in_Islamic_Medic
al_History.pdf.
This source explains many aspects of the first hospitals. Is provides reliable, scholarly
information to the roles the Bimaristans played in the medical achievements of the Golden Age.
The information provided on these first hospitals including, the systems they follow, their
architecture, and specializations, provide important insight to the importance of the Bimaristan
and how they supported and promoted the achievements made during the Islamic Golden Age.
These understandings provide vital information to any research on Islamic medical history, the
Islamic Golden age and over all medical history.
Saad, Bashar, and Said, Omar. 2011. Greco-Arab and Islamic Herbal Medicine : Traditional
System, Ethics, Safety, Efficacy, and Regulatory Issues (1). Hoboken, US: Wiley.
Accessed November 8, 2016. ProQuest ebrary
This books section on the history of medicine provides foundational information on the
links between classical medicine and treatments and the advancements made during the Islamic
Golden Age. These links are important for research by contributing to the understanding of the
foundations to the great achievements made in the Islamic Golden Age especially those made in
medicines and the origins of pharmacology. This article is crucial to research in pharmacology,
medical advancement, Islamic medical achievement and achievements made in the Islamic
Golden Age.

Strohmaier, Gotthard. "Arabic Medicine: Continuation of Greek Tradition and

Innovation." European Review 20, no. 4 (10, 2012): 543-51,
http://ezproxy.liberty.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1142067832?
accountid=12085.
This article further displays how advancements made during the Islamic golden age are
because of the study of classical Greek texts. This provides a perspective that connects the
Islamic Golden Age to preceding and proceeding ages. This article contributes to research on the
formation of medicine, achievements made through the study of Greek texts, understanding the
culture and motives of the Islamic Golden age and the reasons behind development of
pharmacology in the Islamic Golden Age and on and contains information that aids in the
understanding of medical developments.
Syed, Ibrahim B. "Islamic Medicine: 1000 Years Ahead of Its Times." Journal of the Islamic
Medical Association of North America 13, no. 1 (1981). doi:10.5915/13-1-11925.
This article provides an overview of the most notable achievements made in the area of
medicine during the Islamic Golden Age. It provides, reliable information on the origins of
medical treatments, many of which are still in use today. The topics discussed provide
perspective on the importance of the Islamic Golden Age and it can been seen through this article
how these advancements have affected the way health care and medicone are conducted today.
This article is vital in research concerning medical history, surgery, Ophthalmology, and the
development of medicines and Bimaristans.

Tabbaa, Yasser. "Chapter 5: The Functional Aspect of Medieval Islamic Hospitals." 95-119.
Accessed November 8, 2016. http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic888446.files/The
functional Aspects of Medieval Islamic Hospital.pdf.
This option for further reading provides in depth analysis of the bimaristan, and aids the
researcher in attaining a thorough understanding of the bimaristan through many means,
including the structural features of the bimaristian. This article is crucial for research in Islamic
architecture, the origin of hospitals, how bimaristans operated, and advancements that were made
possible because of the bimaristan . This also provides and understanding to how the bimaristand
promoted the achievements made in medicine during the Islamic Golden Age.