1) Critically analyze the development of Islamic History of Medicine, from the Prophetic time until the emergence of distinguished

Muslim scholars later.

The development of Islamic History of Medicine was started since the time of Prophet Muhammad SAW. It can bee seen through the collection of hadiths known as Prophetic medicine (at-tibb an-nabawi). It was the collection of the saying of the prophet Muhammad includes many chapters on all spheres of daily life, among them illness, health, and healing. After the era of prophetic medicine, the medicine within the Islamic civilization progress drastically. It can be seen through three main stages (Abouleish, n.d.). The first stage started in the early 7th century by collecting and translating the medical knowledge of the Greeks, Persians, Assyrian Syriacs, Indians and Byzantines. (Nagamia, 1998)

Then, Muslim physicians started to elaborate on the collected body of knowledge and largely expanded it through experience, exploration, experimentations, testing, and practice. This was during the Golden Age of the Islamic civilization that brought the original contributions of Muslim physicians in the medical, pharmaceutical, herbal, nutritional and botanical fields. This second stage extended during the ninth through thirteenth centuries. During the last stage, however, decline occurred which reflected the stagnation and gradual deterioration of the whole Islamic nation.

During the third stage of this thriving medical history within the Islamic world, and around the fourteenth century, a new type of medical writing emerged. The authors were religious scholars, rather than physicians. Their aim was to preserve the wealth of knowledge and heritage compiled and practiced by Muslims over the years from fading away before the rapidly rising Western society(National Library of Medicine, 1998). Starting from the beginnings of the seventeenth century, Islamic Medicine was challenged by rapidly spreading science of conventional modern medicine, which eventually replaced the core of the health care systems in most of the Islamic countries (Nagamia, 1998)