caphp

- tpyq;fpay;;

tpdhj;jhs; jpl;l tiuT (BLUE PRINT)

myF

kjpg;ngz;fs;

ghlk;

clw;nraypay;

nkhj;jk;

10

20

35

11

12

kdpjdp;d;

Ez;Zaphpay;

Neha;j;jilf

jw;fhy kugpay;

16

Rw;Wr;#oy; mwptpay;

10

15

gad;ghl;L caphpay;

10

19

ghpzhkf; Nfhl;ghLfs;

16

36

25

40

117

fhg;gpay;

nkhj;jk;

epiy I
caphp
myF

ghlk;

- tpyq;fpay; 20
1 kjpg;ngz;

kjpg;ngz;fs; ngw

kjpg;ngz;

5 kjpg;ngz;

10kjpg;ngz;

nkhj;j
kjpg;ngz;fs;

Ez;Zaphpay;

11

Neha;j;jilf;
fhg;gpay;

12

jw;fhy kugpay;

16

nkhj;jk;

39

epiy-I
Fwpg;G :

1.
2.

jw;fhy kugpay; ghlj;jpy; 19 %d;W kjpg;ngz;

gbj;jhy; %d;W tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f KbAk;.

tpdhf;fis

Neha;jilf;fhg;gpay; ghlj;jpy; cs;s 21 Nfs;tpfisg; gbj;jhy;

,uz;L %d;W kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp;f;f KbAk;.

3.

Ez;Zaphpay; ghlj;jp;y; cs;s 11 Ie;J kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fSf;Fk;

38 %d;W kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fSf;Fk; jahh; nra;jhy; %d;W XU
kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;f KbAk;.

4.

17 gf;fq;fNs nfhz;l %d;whtJ (Nehaj;

ghlj;jpypUe;J fl;lha tpdh Nfl;fg;gLfpwJ.

jilf;fhg;gpay;)

epiy II
caphp

- tpyq;fpay;

myF
ghlk;

Rw;Wr;#oy; mwptpay;

gad;ghl;L caphpay;

1 kjpg;ngz;

40
3

kjpg;ngz;

kjpg;ngz;fs; ngw

5 kjpg;ngz;

10 kjpg;ngz;

nkhj;j
kjpg;ngz;fs;

15

16

(2)
nkhj;jk;

39 + 31

31
70

epiy-II
Fwpg;G : (epiy xd;Wld; NrHj;J)

1. 31 gf;fq;fisf; nfhz;l Rw;Wr;R+oy; mwptpay; ghlj;ij gbj;jhy; xU gj;J

kjpg;ngz;> xU %d;W kjpg;ngz; > ,uz;L XU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fSf;F
tpilaspf;f ,aYk;.
2. 33 gf;fq;fis nfhz;l gad;ghl;L caphpay; ghlj;ij gbj;jhy; xU gj;J
kjpg;ngz; ,uz;by; xU %d;W kjpg;ngz; kw;Wk; %d;W xU kjpg;ngz;
tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp;f;fyhk;. ,g;ghlj;jpy; fwitfhyk;> fwit msT
kw;Wk; Nfhop> khL> kPd;fspd; ,dj;jpd; ngah;fis
ftdkhf gbf;f
Ntz;Lk;.
3. gad;ghl;L
caphpay;
ghlj;jpy;
,Ue;J
,uz;L
%d;W
kjpg;ngz;
tpdhf;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. nkhj;jk; vl;L %d;W kjpg;ngz;fSf;F kl;LNk
tpilaspf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij epidtpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
.

epiy III
caphp
myF

ghlk;

- tpyq;fpay;
1 kjpg;ngz;

75
3

kjpg;ngz;fs; ngw

kjpg;ngz;

5 kjpg;ngz;

10 kjpg;ngz;

nkhj;j
kjpg;ngz;fs;

clw;nraypay;

35

ghpzhkf; Nfhl;ghLfs;

nkhj;jk;

44

epiy-III
Fwpg;G : (epiy xd;W kw;Wk; ,uz;Lld; NrHj;J)
1. 99 gf;fq;fis nfhz;l clw;nraypay; ghlk; gbf;f tpUg;gk;
cs;sth;fs; ghlk; 5>6 f;F gjp;y; ghlk;-1 gj;J kjpg;ngz;
tpdhf;fSf;F jahh; nra;ayhk;.
2. Ez;Zaphpay; ghlk; gbg;gijtp;l ghpzhkf; Nfhl;ghLfs; gbf;f
tpUg;gk; cs;sth;fs; mij gbf;fyh. Mdhy; KOkjpg;ngz;
(75/75) bgw ghlk; ,uz;LKjy; MWtiu KOikA
gbj;Jtpl;L ghlk;-1>2 y; cs;s xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fSf;F kl;Lk;
jahh; nra;ayhk;

epiy I
3 kbg dh il.
1. EQa tiuaW.

2. EQa

EQa tifghL, mik, tot, dbgUf, clbraa, tsij

khw Matiw bfhL sF ma EQa MF.
2. a Clf cg brKiw gaf ahit?
1. a Clf ghOahf tsF gagLwJ.
2. neh bjhwY, behjY, k ieu# iygLjY J ga
gLjgLwJ.
3. ed EQa cUthf ttFjJ.
3. OshL br tif ts vwh vd?
OshL brf fU Eiupu, Wuf Ma cWf br
tsfUJ bgwgLwJ.
J kj jL kUJ jahf Unjh brfshf gagLwJ
4. knyah tiffis TWf.
1. shnkhoa itth : - itth knyahit VgLJwJ,
2. Fth knyah : shnkhoa knyahdh VgLJwJ.
3. Xnt knyah :- shnkhoa Xntdh VgLwJ.
4. khd knyah : shnkhoa ~ghngudh VgLwJ.
5. mah vwh vd?
1. neh rhnfhildh tFig rhj nuhnlhnrhth c xLah
tUwJ.
2. vlgh nlhiyofh LnuhnghnrhirLf bgUFl f r
gFia W mwJ.
3. jdh uj fyj ng clhwJ.
6. N Mnuhnghndh vD brh vjid FwJ.
1. J yFfUJ kjDF njhW xL neh.
2. XL thif RH kj Ka izghF.
3. v.fh. khL, g ehlhGf.
7. Kakhd v c bghUfis vGj.
1. M 2. vnuhik 3. bluhir 4. bunlhik
8. v nehia fl Kiwfis t.
1. viyrh nrhjid :HIV Moghofis flj
2. btl sh :v nehia cWgLJ nrhjid
1. J HIVF vuhd Moghofis fla cjwJ.
5

9. Nndh vwh vd?

1. yFflUJ kjDF bjhW xL neh
2. v.fh. nu
3. xL vj eik milahJ. Mdh, kj ghgilwh.
10. a ts vwh vd?
xU ut Clfij gy nrhjid FHhf L xnu dij rhj
EQ brfis tsjny a ts vdgL.
11. iyo RH, iynrhb# vwh vd?
1. iyo RH : ituf ghOahD bgUf milJ mjid ijF
2. iynrhb# : ghOah ndhKl itu izJ fhzgL.
12. gho Ka fLof ahit?
1. bjhW aij Fiwgjfhd brKiw Eg.
2. EQ neh vghw w L ria CFjiy sdh.
3. nfhf fhyuh jLia, MLf MjuhRfhd jLia, kj
bteh fofhdnu jLia fLojh.
13. nfh Ka fLof ahit?
1. bllhd, oah, vYU nghw nehFa ghOahfis
2. mjfhd Moghof mtiw rkiygLj Unjh clf
cUthtij fLoj.
3. mtUila fLof, neh jL fh Kiw irF ttFjd.
14. nfhfU ts Kiw vwh vd?
1. fUw nfhKil 5-10 ehfSF njbjLfgLwd.
2. Kilf U yhj iy ituf C _y brY Jthuij bkGF
bfhL milJ 36C milfhfgLwJ.
3. nfhfUF gntW tifahd ituf tsF brKiwahF.
15. ituf fLghLila br c xLf vd V miHfgLwd?
1. braif Clf ituf jhkhf tsuhJ.
2. jhtu myJ yF brf kL tsU.
3. vdnt it fLghLila br xLf vW miHfgLwJ.
16. Mnfh b# ituf vwh vd?
1. Wnehia cUthF ituf Mnfh b# ituf.
2. o.v.V. ituf : mondh ituf, ghnahkh ituf, itu 40.
3. M.v.V. ituf : nuht rhnfhkh.
17. nu neh gu Kiwia TW.
1. nu L yFf, td ghof xLahF.
2. nu bjha yF kjid fogj _y kjDF j neh
clhwJ.
3. j _yff : eh, id, btsth.
6

18. nu neh mFf ahit?

1. mf fhr
2. fL jiyt
3. btW
. 4. gjw iy
5.. kdFiyj iy
6. bjhil kh jir eLf.
19. ntnahyh itu g F vGJf.
1. J bgaik itu
2. J J _y guwJ.
3. jF jL thah itu _y jah bragLwJ.
20. ghOahf gntW cUnjhwf ahit?
1. cUil tot (m) cUis tot mikfS mt khWghLfS.
2. ghOa brf izaik, bjhFaik kW iH totik Mad.
3. ghOahf izaikf wghd rhaLj (m) vyuh Enzh
_y magL.
21. ntbghU Clf vwh vd?
1. xU EQ Clf gy ntbghUfsh MfgoUF.
2. cs bghUf ujf, fhnghiAnuLf, bfhGf itlf,
myf.
22. ghOah cUkhw vwh vd?
1. br mik fgl ghOah DNA f xU brtifUJ kbwhU
brtifD khwgL fahF.
2. ij vgt fLojh.
23. ouhlr vwh vd?
1. xU ghOah DNA xU gF kbwhU ghOahF khwgL
fahF.
2. jF ghOnah~ng{ ituf VW Cahf bragLwd.
24. bghJ tif, w tif ouhlr vwh vd?
1. bghJ tif ouh;lr :- xU ghOah midJ
DNA kbwhU
ghoahD brYj MF.
2. w tif ouh;lr :- y #f kL tH Fnuhnkhnrh UJ
bjLJ kbwhU itu brYJj MF.
25. fhyuh neh mFf ahit?
1. th
2. fLikahd H
3. fLikahd tWnghF
4. jhJ cf H
5. uj myjik kW ml mf.
7

26. ns neh uL tiff ahit? mt mFf vGJf.

1. ngh ns :- cl Fj, thz, thbaLj kW cl gyd
njhW.
2. nkh ns : - nkhah fhr, uj tiyf fyj v
btgLj.
27. F tiuf.
1. J ghid nehahF. Onghkh ghl vw ghOahth tUwJ.
2. J neuo gh cw_y tUwJ. J shbrlh _y jhlUJ nrF
gu.
3. j isf: f ghit Hj, fhJ nfshik, _is nrj, jLtl
nrj.
28. bfhah g F vGJf.
1. J xU ghid nehahF. nrah bfhah vw ghOahth tUwJ.
2. Mf wt cWig jhFwJ. bgf br cWig jhFwJ.
3. MfSF kr w W wt ut bttU. bgfSF
tl Toa W nghF diH utK btgL.
29. ju nuhnlhnrhth nehfis vGJf.
1. ondhnrhkh nfa : - Mf f ah.
2. nkah nlhdhth : fhyh mr.
3. nkah ouhfh : njh nkah.
30. kNyhpahtpd; tiffs; ahit?
1. nlh;rpad; kNyhpah gpsh];Nkhbak; itthf;];
2. iky;L nlh;rpad; - gpsh];Nkhbak; XNty;
3. ngh;dprpa]; kNyhpah - gpsh];Nkhbak; ghy;rpNguk;
4. Fthh;ld; kNyhpah - gpsh];Nkhbak; kNyhpah
31. Me;j;uNghNdhr]; vd;why; vd;d?
Xl;Lz;zpfshy;
njhw;wg;gLk;
kw;Wk;
xl;Lz;zpfisAk; mtw;wpd; Neha;fisAk; Fwpf;Fk;.

kdpjDs;

kl;Lk;

epiyg;gLj;jg;

32.Ntjpg;nghUs; my;yJ kUe;J rpfpr;ir vd;why; vd;d?

njhw;W Neha;fis Ntjpg;nghUl;fs; %yk; fl;Lg;gLj;JjYk; Fzg;gLj;JjYk;
Ntjpg;nghUs; (m) kUe;J rpfpr;ir vdg;gLk;.
33. vr;.I.tpapd; glk; tiue;J ghfk; Fwp?

ngWk;

34. vjpH Ez;Zaphp (m) Mz;bgahbf; vd;gJ ahJ?

xU Ez;Zaphpd; tsh;rpijkhw;wj;jpy; cw;gj;jpahFk; xU nghUs; kw;w Ez;Zaphpapd;
tsh;rr
; pia jLf;Fk;. ,j;jifa nghUNs Ez;Zapnujphp vdg;gLk; v.fh: ngdprpypd;
35.vjph; Ez;Zaphp (m) Ez;Zapnujphpapd; nray;Kiw $W.
1 ghf;bhpah nfhy;Yk; tif (ghf;BhpNahirly; )
2 ghf;Bhpah tsh;rr
; pia jLj;J epiyepWj;Jk; tif ( ghf;BhpNah];Nlbf;)
36. mk;ik itu]; Fwpg;G tiuf?
1. vy;yh itu];fistpl mstpy; nghpjhd ghf;]; itu];fs; ,ul;il rq;fpyp
b.vd;.VitAk;;> Gujj;ijAk;;> nfhOg;igAk; nfhz;lJ.
2. ,uz;L mLf;F rt;tpdhy; #og;gl;l FLFLg;ig Nghd;w epAf;spaha;il nfhz;lJ.
37. Kjd;ik tsHg;G vd;why; vd;d?
Mk;];lh;> Nfhop> Fuq;F kw;Wk; kdpjd; Mfpatw;wpd; ,ay;G jpRf;fspd; nry;fs;
nray;Kiwf;F Vw;g gf;Ftk; nra;ag;gl;L tsh;f;fg;gLNghJ cUthFk; mtw;wpd; Kjy; jdp
mLf;F MFk;.
38. ghf;bhpahf;fspy; [Pd; kW Nrh;f;if epfo;Tfs; ahit?
1 ghf;bhpa ,izT
2 cUkhw;wk;
3 buhd;];lf;rd;

3.nehjil fha
1. l~bguhf vwh vd?
-btisaQ ituf jhfgLnghJ
l~bguhf vD itu vbghUis RuwJ.
jdh wbrf itu jhFj UJ ghJfhfgLwJ
2. br GFj (m) ngnfhirnlh vwh vd?
nehU jhfnghJ
nknuhng{f kW nuh~f
ghOaf, ituf kW ijtilj brf Matiw GFwd.
jF br GFj vW bga.
3. vbghU (Mogho) _W Ka gf ahit?
1. ghOah, itufis gila brwJ.
2. ghOah btw rhf mikwJ. jF Xnrhfuz vW bga.
3. br GFjiy vjhfwJ.
4. ghOah btL eRbghUfis bra Hf brwJ.
4. ku gf ahit?
1. Kj uj tgQfis mwJ.
2. uj tgQit cgbr lkhf tgQit njiitF
lkhf csJ.
3. uj cs EUfis tofLwJ.
4. Mo#DF vuhd jilfh eltoifia KLFLwJ.
5. ijk gf ahit?
T - brfis cgbrwJ.
brtneh jilfh gnfwJ.
9

6. Mo# tiuaW.
Mo#f mabghUf MF.
it Moghol id _yTwhF
7. Ahblf vwh vd?
it jhnk jilfh ffis lhj ntbghU.
Vbfdnt clhfgl MoghofSl id.
jilfh eltoif <LglntLbk, vLJ brY _yTWfSl
izfglntL. (v-L) DN.
8. ndhFnsh (Mogho) IJ tiff ahit?
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE.
9. ndh xL kUJf ahit?
khW cW mWit ir
cW uhfig jLf gagLjgL kUJf ndh xLf
vdgL.
(v-L) irnshngh, OuhLf.
10. Kjiy z cWf ahit?
ijk kW vY k{i# (ghof)
gwitf nga ig.
11. ulh z cWf ahit?
ku - z KoRf- MALT.
12. MALT , GALT, BALT - Mat thfij TW.
MALT - nfhiHr rhj za Rf.
GALT - Fl rhj za Rf.
BALT - _RFHhfis rhj za Rf.
13. xthik vthW clhwJ?
Mo#fSfhd jilfhw.
bghUjkW, tu a braf <LgL nghJ xthik clhwJ.
v.fh. R, kfujf, irf.
14. mdh~igyh vwh vd?
Xthik fhuf y rka ghfgl kjf
iuthf, ukhf idfis njhWJ
kjid wf braTL - id mdh~igyh MF.
15. Rajilfh nehf vnghJ clhwd?
jilfh kly
Rabrf kW _yTW brfis mF nghJ
Rajilfh nehf clhwd.
(v.L)- R C, ko nuh.
16. bgWbfhl jilfh w gf ahit?
FLjik ma _yTWf ntWikfis mj.
gtifjik ma _yTWfis milahs fhQj
Ra kW ma _yTWfis ntWikgLJj
id.
10

17. brt kW ujt neh jLghwiy ntWgLJf.

brt neh jLghw

,uj;jtop Neha; jLghwy;

T brfsh clhwJ

B brfsh clhwJ

neh jhfgl br
dfLmfgLwJ

Mogho cg brJ mfgLwJ.

18. braFjLghw, kjkhf bgwgl jLghw ntWgLJf.

braF jLghw

kjkhf bgwgl jLghw

nehUf,
jL kUJf brYJt
_y bgwgLwJ.

Moghofis
jilfh wDs kjlUJ
jilfh wdw kjUF
brYJtjh bgwgLwJ.

19.ghunlh, vnlh ntWgLJf.

brt neh jLghw

ujt neh jLghw

Mo#Dl iz
Mogho
gF.

Moghol iz
Mo# gF.

20. ndhFnsh gl tiuJ ghfij FLf.

fdj;jr; rq;fpyp
mkpNdh Kid
,yFr; rq;fpyp
,izg;gplk;
s-s ,izg;G
COOH Kid

21. Neha;j; jilfhg;gpay; vd;why; vd;d?

Neha;ff
; pUkpfs; kw;Wk; Gw;WNeha; Mfpatw;wpypUe;J cliyg; ghJfhf;Fk;
mikg;G Neha; jilfhg;G. ,J rhh;e
; ;j mwptpay; Neha; jilfhg;gpay; vd;W
ngah;.

11

4.jfhy kua
1. nfnahuh vwh vd ?
xU br cs midJ FnuhnkhnrhfS fgL, mit tirahf
mikfgL mikng nfnahuh vdgL.
2. nfnahil gafis vGJ.
1. fgfhy wfnghF FHij gh flagL.
2. kjDF clhF ku nehfis flayh. FiwghL bfhl fUid
fUij brayh.
3. Fnuhnkhnrh wfis flJ mjdh VgL Fiwfis flayh.
3. kW nrif DN vwh vd?
X ma DNJl vj tiuaW vnlhna behah fglnjh,
mnj beh sh DNit JowJ.
ma JlkhdJ nf beh_y sh DN cl izfgLwJ.
sh DNl izj ma DN kW nrif DN vdgL.
4.

ku bgha gagLjgL ghOah df ahit?

1. vbrah nfhiy
2. ngy ro
3. bunlh ikr

5. Ng g vwh vd?
1. ku bgha _y cUthfgl Nnlhnkhdh ghOa Ng g vd
miHfgLwJ.
2. J vbz ffis Rj bra gagLwJ. J vbz cs
Mnlf, irf,fu nghwtiw ijf tyd.
6. rj tbjhl M vwh vd?
kua tYef aif eilbgW kj fyfis M brtj _y
xU Fl neh myJ gfis M brtJ rj tbjhl M
vdgL.
7. kua nehf bgafis vGJf.
1. f mth nrhif
2. jyhah
3. vfhkhFnshah
4. mr.
5. mof bfhah
6. fLik TLneh v Fiw nuh.
8. uj bra (nuhonah) vwh vd?
1. gytif ujfis M brj
2. mtFa brfis flj
3. mtFa fis flj
9. Fnsh vwh vd?
kubghj cfis ufshf cg br brKiw Fnsh vdgL.
10. khWghlilj vwh vd?
fUw Kil iklh f _y vzw brf cUthwd.
brf d totY braY gntW brtiffshf khWghL milwd.

12

11. ir vwh vd?

kj jtwhd fSF gyhf Ujgl fis EiHgjhF.
tiff 1. cl br ir 2. fU br ir.
12. c jfta vwh vd?
c jfta vgJ c bjh EgaY, jft bjhEgaY izj
xU Jiw mF.
c jftfshd my tirf kW ujtiraik Mat
jujsfis
clhf cjWJ.
13. ca bra jujs vdwh vd?
fhy gaghoF cj tif bgUksyhd jftf myJ gf
njfkhf sFtjhF.
14 c bra ga ahJ?
ir , neh mj , kUjhf ff MatF c jfta jufis
M brj,
ndh, uj _yTWfSfhd dQ ju jsfis jah brj
15. c jfta cj bkhf ahit?
C, C++, #hth, nghuh, iyd,
16. DNyf vwh vd?
DNyf vgJ xU cFa midJ gFf tiria csla
nrfghF.
17. DNJlhFj vwh vd?
DN _yTiw gy gFfshf nahilL tirfis MuhJ gl
jahjiy FgJ MF.
18. jyhah kUJtTl mFf ahit?
1. vY ki# FiwghL
2. btw uj Xl ij
3. ku f
4. fu f.
19. uj ju t vwh vd?
1. ujf Kgkhz mik g brf ujju t vdgL.
2. tif nr f nrJ itfgL.
3. ujf Kgkhz totfis ma J gagLwJ

13

5 kbg dh il
EQa;;
1. itu mikig t.
1. itu ikagF myij bfhLsJ. ij R
nfnrhafsh Md nf ciw csJ.
2. cUil tot ituf rkgf cl mikig bfhLsJ.
3. l tot itu RU uikig bfhLsJ.
4. yF itu :- nah nf vw nk ciwia bgWsJ. iw
ngh ujjh MdJ.
5. ngOnah-ng{itu
:- J uw mikig bfhlJ. khWgl
ujfis ngh ujfis bfhoUF.
6. mondh itu :- rkgf tot ituf
7. nghnah itu:- J cUil totkhdJ. j nkw Knfhz
mikig bfhoUF.
8. ifiy bkhir itu:- RU tot nkw mikig bfhoUF.
2. kj fhzgL itu nehf g F jUf.
W neh
1. W nehia cUthF itufis Mnfhb# itu vW bga.
2. v.fh. mondh itu ghnahkh itu, a itu
nu neh
1. j itu nunlh itu FLgij rhjJ
2. J L yF _y gu. nu itu bjha yF kjid
fogjh tUwJ.
3. mF :- jiyt, mf fhr, jir eLf, btW, mF fhy - 3
Kj 8 thuf. jdh w 100%
mik itu
1. j ituf gh ituf. it uil rf, DNA it,
ujij bfhGi bfhLsJ.
2. ntnahy :- J bgaik itu. J J _y guwJ. bgaik
jL thah itu _y jahfgLwJ.
bAgilo - itu
1. J nkYiwl Toa uil r bfhl DNAitu MF.
2. j kr fhkhiy, fu W nehia cUthF. vi[ l bfhoa
neh.
3. HBV jL , xU Rjpfhpj v Mo# MF.
3. EQ neh Uf jftikf ahit?
1.
nehUf bjhWtjF ntWf btw cWfshd njh,
f ilbt cw gFfshd Rthr ghij, tW Fl ghij,
dbgUF ghij cs nfhiHgFf xo bfhwJ.
2.
cl nkw Rtahf cl cw Rfis milwJ.
3.
EQ vj gF EiHjnjh, mnj gF iy bfhL
UF.
4.
y EUf gntW Rf, cWf brW gulF.
5.
y EQf brfSilna ts milwJ. jdh J RuF
eR bghUsh R ghgilwJ.
14

4. cyf Rfhjhu mik (WHO) go tiuaWfgl v neh mFf ahit?

1.
cl vil 10% Fiwj.
2.
bjhlJ xU khjF nkyhf fhr
3.
bjhlJ xU khjF nkyhf ng
4.
u aj, Uk
5.
vYU neh tUj
6.
bjhil ir bjhWj
7.
Tik Hj
8.
Phgf r Fiwj
9.
eu nrj VgLj
10. bki#o clhFj
5. v neh jL fLgLJj g F vGJf.
1. uj, uj bghUf HIV itu csjh vW nrhj.
2. kfilna v ah bjhWjYfhd zit VgLj
3. ghJfhghd cl cw, elijf g nghj.
4. bghJ ey aff _y v z ffis elj
5. Mo itu kUeJfshd
, mnlhijo, nlho, irnsh
nghwit nehahfSF v ilFkhW brj.
6. EQa gho gF g vGJf.
1. ghoa braKiwf ut Clf ts KiwahF.
2. behj _y gntW tif EQfis fljh.
3. xU Fl nehid xU Fl EQ njhWgjhf mjh.
4. bjhW c aij FiwF tKiwid fljh.
5. nfhf fhyuh jL, MLf Mjuhfhd jL kj
bteh fofhd jL fljh.
7. HIV itu mik kW mjid flj fid vGJf.
1. HIV itu cUil totkhdJ.
2. J RN itu. j RNia R uj ciw csJ. uj ciw btw
uj Erlf EKf cL. j myF gp120. J F nghw
mikig bfhlJ.
3. uj ciu cwK E Kf csJ. j myF gp41. Gp41
F nkgl mndh myfis bfhl l uj mik MF.
4 HIV nk cs uj gut xU fhgJ nghw cUt mikig bgWsJ.
5. HIV ndh uL tisj RN MF. t ouhnl
beh izUF. j beh RNit DNthf khwToa w bgwit.
HIV flj ff
6. 1981M ML v neh fLofglJ. J xU ghid neh.
7. J uj _y gu neh.
8. 1983 khnld, nfyh HIV itui[ fLojd.
9. 1986 itu tifghLFG. jF HIV vd bgald.
8. wj nt ir kUJf gf ahit?
1. neh clhF Uia Unjh RfSF vj gh mJ
jLwJ.
2. kUJ Unjhg RfSF FJ mFs neh Ufis v
bfhwJ.
3. kUJ Unjh br GFj, Mogho cg Ma aif
ffSF vj gh bragLwJ.
4. kUJ, neh Ufis bfhwJ myJ tsia jLwJ.
5. Unjh cF fLikahd isf VJ kUJ bragLwJ.
15

9. tpyq;F itu];fspd; tsHg;G Kiwia gw;wp vOJf.

tpyq;F itu];fspd; tsHg;G
1. itu];fs; capUs;s nry;fspy; kl;LNk tsUk;. mz;ikapy; Nfhopf;fUTs; tsHg;G
Kiwapy; vz;zw;w itu];fs; tsHf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
2. fUTw;w Kl;ilfspy; 5-12 ehl;fs; tiuapyhd Kl;ilfs; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLwd.
3. itu];fis Kl;il Xl;bd; topNa fpUkpaw;w epiyapy; Crp %yk; cl;gjpj;jy;
nra;j gpd; Xl;bd; JisahdJ nkOF nfhz;L milf;fg;gLfpwJ
4. ,jid 36C ntg;gepiyapy; itj;J tsh;f;fg;gLfpwJ. Kl;ilapy; cs;s fUtpd;
fUTzTg; ig itu];fspd; tsHr;rpf;Nfw;w Clfkhf tpsq;FfpwJ.
Kjd;ik tsHg;G
Vyp> Mk;];lh;> Nfhop> Fuq;F kw;Wk; kdpjd; Mfpatw;wpd; ,ay;G jpRf;fspd; nry;fs;
nray;Kiwf;F Vw;g gf;Ftk; nra;ag;gl;L tsfgLnghJ cUthFk; mtw;wpd; Kjy;
jdp mLf;F MFk;
bg;sha;L nry;tif (m) ,ul;il vz; nry; tsh;g;G
fU%yj;jpypUe;J
ngwg;gl;l
EiuaPuy;
rpWePufk;
Mfpatw;wpd;
nry;
tsh;g;GfspypUe;J ngwg;gLfpd;wd
kdpj jLg;G+rpfs; ,jd; %yk; jahhpf;fg;gLwd
njhlh;top nry; tsh;g;G
njhlHtopr; nry;fs; vz;zpylq;fh Kiwapy; ,ul;bg;G milAk; jd;ik nfhz;lJ.
,it nry;ypd; jpBH khw;wj;jhYk;> Gw;W Neha; nry;fspypUe;Jk; ngwg;gLfpwJ.
tsh;f;fNt Kbahj rpy itu];fis ,k;Kiwapd; %yk; tsh;f;fyhk;;.
10. ghf;Bhpa Clfq;fspd; jahhpg;gpw;F mtrpakhd epiyfs;; ahit?
1. ePH ,y;yhj Clfj;jpd; xt;nthU nghUSk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l fd msT ePhpy;
fiuf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
2. Clfj;jpd; PH msit fzf;fpl Ntz;Lk;.
3. mfH nghUs; Clfj;jpy; NrHj;J mJ fiutjw;fhf #Nlw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
4. ClfkhdJ FLitfspy; my;yJ Foha;fspy; Nrfhpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
5. ClfkhdJ Ml;NlhfpNst; nfhz;L fpUkp ePf;fk; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
ghf;Bhpahf;fspd; tsHr;rpf;F Clfj;ij jtpu ,aw;gz;Gfshd ntg;gepiy thAepiy
PH xsp Nghd;witfis rhHe;J mikAk;;.
11. ghf;Bhpa Neha;fs; gw;wp vOJf
rhy;khdy;yh kw;Wk; kdpj Neha;fs;
rhy;khdy;yh xU Ngrpy]; tif ghf;Bhpah MFk;. ,it kdpjhpy; ilgha;L (m) ghuhilgha;L
Nf];l;Nuh vz;l;biul;b]; kw;Wk; nrg;BrPkpah Nghd;w Neha;fis cz;lhf;FfpwJ.
ilgha;L [_uk;: rhy;khdy;yh vd;w ghf;bhpahtpdhy; cz;lhfpwJ.
mwpFwpfs;: njhlH fha;r;ry; Fly; uzkhjy; tapw;W Gz; kw;Wk; kz;zPuy; tPf;fk;.
Nf];bNuh
vz;l;biul;b];:
,J
rhy;khdy;yh
fhyNurpa];
vd;w
ghf;Bhpahtpdhy;
cz;lhfpwJ.,e;j
ghf;Bhpak;
Fly;ghij
topahf
uj;;j
xl;lj;ij
mile;J
mq;F
ngUf;fkiltjhy; caH fha;r;ry; mbf;fb cz;lhFk;.
mwpFwpfs;: cly; vil Fiwjy,; cly; FspH, grpapd;ik Nghd;wit MFk;. ghf;Bhpah kw;w
cWg;Gfis jhf;Fk;NghJ cWg;Gfspy; Gz,; epNkhdpah neg;iul;b]; M];bNahikyl;b];
Nghd;wit cz;lhFk;.
gpNsf; : vHrpdpah ng];b]; vd;w efHr;rpaw;w fpuhk; nefbt; Ngrpy]; ghf;bhpahtpdhy;
cz;lhfpwJ.
gpNsf; tiffs;:
GNghdpf; gpNsf; : ,jpy; epzePH Rug;gpfs; uzkhfp tPf;fk; milfpwd..

mwpFwpfs;:
the;jpAzHT
the;jpnaLj;jy;
kw;Wk;
rpfpr;iraspf;fh epiyapy; 58% ,wg;ig cz;lhf;Fk;
epNkhdpf; gpNsf;: ,J epNkhdpah fha;r;riy cz;lhf;Fk;
16

cly;

FspHjy;.

,e;Neha;

mwpFwpfs;: ,jpy; ,uj;j Jspfs; fye;j vr;r

; py; ntspg;gLk;. ,e;Neha; rpfpr;iraspf;fh
epiyapy; 100% ,wg;ig cz;lhf;Fk;;.tpg;hpNahTk; fhyuhTk; : ,e;Neha; tpg;hpNah fhyNu
vd;w ghf;Bhpahtpdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ.NehAz;lhf;Fk; jd;ik: ghf;Bhpah rpWFlypd; vgpjPypa
jpRtpy; xl;b ngUf;fkile;J vz;bNuh lhf;rpd; vd;w er;rpid cz;lhf;FfpwJ.
mwpFwpfs;: the;jp kw;Wk; fQ;rp jz;zPh; Nghd;w tapw;Wg;Nghf;F. fLikahd ePhpog;G
jhJ cg;GfspOg;G uj;j mkpyj; jd;ik mjpfhpj;jy;.

3. nehjil fha
1. Kj iy jLghw sF cl mik rhj jilf kW f g
sF.
clyik rhj jilf
cl EiH nehUf Kiwfsh jLfgLwd.
njh, Rthr kly, Fl, dbgUf kly Mat cs
nfhiHgly
EUfis fitwJ.
cs FW iHf mirdh Uf btnawgLwd.
f nehUfsh jhfgLnghJ, fha VgL nghJ t VgL
f clhwJ.
jdh fhr clhwJ. fhr EUfiis jLwJ.
f clhd lf ujf VgLwJ. uujf cUth
ghOahfismwJ.
tahf tU nehUfis nknuhirLf mwJ.
2. Fl jLghw tif wgfis t.
1. FL jik
gjugl _yTWf ntWikia m Mw.
2. gtifjik
gntW _yTWfis milahs fhQ w.
3. Ra kW ma _yTWfis ntWgLJj
ma _yTWfis dfhQj
Ra Mob#fSF vuhd eltoifia jj
4. id
jilfhw KjKjyhf xU ma fhuia vFnghJ jilfh
kly beLehfSF idia id itJbfhwJ.
ulhtJKiw mnj mafhuia vFnghJ
ukhd jilfh
eltoifia nkbfhwJ.
3. ndhFnsh mikig t.
mik
J uL rfsh MdJ.
1. nyrhd r (L r)
2. fdkhd r (H r)
L r _yTW vil 25000 lhl
H r _yTW vil 50000 lhl
L r, H r uil rigL iz izfgLsJ.
tiff - IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE.
L r cs ghbgilLf xnu mikig bfhlJ. mJ fgh kW
yhlh.
ghbgilL r gFf
H,L rfSF uL gFf csJ.
1. khWgL gF myJ Fab gF
mndh my tir r Fj khWj VgL.
gFF AhghLf vW bga.
17

 Mo# mogho izF AhghLf Kakhdit.

2. iyahd gF myJ Fc gF
gF ndhFnsh jLgF
j moKid C Kid myJ COOH Kid vdgL.
gF mndh my tir khwhk iyahf UF.
4. Mogho t nehjilfh / ujt neh jilfh g F vGJf.
tif jilfh ndhFnshh cUthffF Bbrf
gagLwd.
Mogho nkKidf Mo#Dl L rhngh idj
TLbghU cUth neh jilfhig mwJ.
Mogho gf
1. ghOah, itui[ gila brj
2. xnrhfuz, br GFjiy vjhFwJ.
3. ghOah eRbghUis braHf brwJ.
5. bghUjjF neh jilfh vthW KL lgLwJ.
xbthU
Mo#Dnknuhng{f,
BbrfbloiuL brf nghw Mo#
mKfgLJ brfsh gjgLjgLwd.
brf
btw
gjgLjgl
Mo#f
njhWfgLwwd.
fhgLjgl Mo#fnshL Tcjbrf bjhl bfhL Lj
iyia milwd.
thW KL lgl Tcjbrf Bbrf kW CTLs xU id
LwJ.
lgl Bbrf kW CTLs bgUfkilJ Xd brbgUf
milwJ.
it xnu mik bfhl Mo#id mftyit.
6. z Ko mikig glJl t.
it z FHhf tltotkhfnth, Kil totkhfnth mikJs
a KoRf.
it ehbrfdh Md w ciwah NHglLsd.
w ciwUJ ouhghFyh vD jL Rtf cneh tsJsd.
z Ko fhbl, bkLyh vd uL mLFf csd.
fhbl gF ~nghirLf xW To mU ikafshf
njhwkwJ. it
Kjiy ghf.
bkLyh gF L, isfSl Toa gilfshf ~nghirLf
csd.
fhbl, bkLyh gFf Bbrf Vuhskhf csjh vY k{i#
rhj gF vdyh.
fhbl, bkLyh tF ilgl gF ghuhfhbl MF. F
Tbrf csd.
Vdnt gF ijk rhj gF vdyh.
z KoR

18

7. cW khw kua mogil g vGJf.

vyh RfY RbghUj Mo#f csd.
cW khw bra ntoa egf RbghUj Mo# xJnghf
ntosJ.
Rblf MwhtJ Fnuhnkhnrh it csd.
kj tF HL vW bga.
HL f mf cW khw brgt RbghUjij
zwd.
8. ouhshnlr vwh vd? uh~go tiffis t.
gGJgl X cWig Mnuhakhd cW bfhL rbrtJ ouhshnlr
vW bga.
1. RakhWW(Mnlhuh~)
bfhilahlUJ bgwgl R mnj bfhilahF bghUJtJ.
v.fh. sho mWit ir bjhilUJ vLfgl njh gFia
mkj fha
Vgl gFF khWj.
2. Xj kua g bfhl khWW(Inrhuh~)
Xnu kua mik bfhl U egfSilna elgJ.
v.fh. cUtbkhj uilafSnil elgJ.
3. Xnu d cfSilna khwgL cW(mnyhuh~)
Xnu dij rhj cfSilna khwgL cW
v.fh. xU kjUJ Wuf kbwhU kjDF khWtJ.
4. ntd cfSilna khwgL cW(brndhuh~)
btntW dfSilna khwgL cW
v.fh. gUJ kjDF khWj.
9. uh uhf mFf ahit?
njh m
ku fLj kW fkilj
cl bkJnghj
tW nghF
uj nrhif
neh vw Fiwj
jehs gGjilj
U mfkhf cgahj.
10. kUJt ir nghJ khWW uhfig jLgjF nkbfhsgL
eltoiff ahit?
cW Vgt uj bjhFia Muhj
cW Vgt uj u br erhf Moghof csdth vgij
fLoj
cW jhd brgt, cW bgW eg Ma Ut uj brfis
FWF xL brj.
irnshngh kW OuhL nghw jilfhig kLgLJ kUJfis
cW bgW egUF mj.
za Rfis KGikahf fafF cgLj.
11. jilfh Fiw nehf g vGJf.
kj cl jilfh mikf FiwUjh nehf njhW.
jF jilfh Fiw nehf vW bga.
nehf kw kjiu jhfhJ.
fhuz - khw, gJ, ngha cz ik.
SCID u xUizj jilfh Fiw neh.
kua Fiwghlh VgLwJ.
19

 mondh o mnd Fiwth tUwJ.

neh cstf uj ijnkhirLf vif Fiw.
s tanyna wJLt.
IDS
J jilfh Fiwth tUwJ.
HIVM clhwJ. itu T brfis jhFwJ.
HIV cs t ouhnl beh cjah DN goahf khWwJ.
jdh HIV - RN, kj DNcl izJ gykhwfis milwJ.
W RNJLfshf itu bttJ nkY gy T brfis jhFwJ.
12. uh~o nghJ cW uhf vthW eilbgWwJ?
Kj bjhF czlgl
T-brf,
nknuh
~ng{f
kW
shkh brf <LgLwd.
ulh bjhF B-brf bragLwd.
brt jilfh idf l 1 kW l 2
gnfwd.
uh~o W brj, nghlhf, nehfo ij fhuf
myJ uj brbehf bragLwd.
13. caphp nra;jpapaypd; gad;fs; ahit?
1. [Pd; mikg;gpidAk; > Guj cw;gj;jp gw;wpAk; mwpa cjTfpwJ.
2. Neha;fis gw;wp NkYk; mwpa cjTfpwJ.
3. bvd;V gw;wp mwpa cjTfpwJ.
4. kUj;Jt kw;Wk; caphp nghwpapay; Jiwfspd; gad;ghl;bw;F toptFf;fpwJ.
14. kugZg; nghwpapaypd; gad;fs; ahit?
1.cahp jftypay; %yk; kUe;JfSk; > caph;fhf;Fk; nghU;fshd ,d;Rypd; >
Md;bghbfs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.
2. Rw;Wr; #oypy; kz; kw;Wk; ePh; khRWjy; Fiwf;fg;gLfpd;wJ
3. fopT kWRow;rpapd; %yk; cw;gj;jpiag; ngUf;f cjTk;
4. gaph; jhtuq;fspd; ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpy; gad;jU [Pd;fs; Eiof;fg;ngw;W cw;gj;jp
$l;lg;gLfpd;wJ.
5.Ntshz; gaph;fspy; jPq;Faphpfs; jhf;fj;jpw;F vjph;g;gpid Vw;gLj;j cjTk;
15.

kugpay; Neha;fs; Fwpg;G tiuf.

fjph; mhpths; Nrhif :
-xU cly; FNuhNkhNrhkpd; [Pd; jPBh; khw;w tpisthy; Njhd;WfpwJ.
-,jd; xLq;F my;ypy; Hbs MFk; ,ay;ghd `PNkhFNshgpd; HBA MFk;
- Hbs,Hbs ,iz xj;j my;ypy; nfhz;lth;fs; ,jak; kz;zPuy; > %is gOJ
miltjhy; ,wg;gh;.
- Hba,Hbs epiyapy; cs;sth;fs; jhq;fpfs;.
jyhrpkpah :
-Foe;ijfSf;F N`hNkhirf]; xLq;F [Pd;fspd; nray; ntspg;ghl;lhy; xU tif
,uj;j rptg;gZ rpijT Nrhif Njhd;WfpwJ.
-jyhrpkpah Nk[h; fLikahdJ > ikdh; fLikaw;wJ.
-kUj;;Jt mwpFwpfs; --vYk;Gk[;i[ nray; FiwghL > ntspg;Gw ,uj;j
Xl;lrpijT>
kz;zPuy; > fy;yPuy; tPf;fk;
- Rkhh; 17 tajpy; ,wg;G Vw;gL;k;.
- vfhkhFNshGypdpkpah
- my;rpdprk;
- mz;bq;f;ld; nfhhpah
- fLik$l;L Neha; vjph;g;Gf;FiwT rpd;lN
; uhk;
20

epiy II
10 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;
Rw;Wr;#oy; mwptpay;
1. kf;fs; njhifg; ngUf;fj;jpw;fhd fhuzq;fs; kw;Wk; tpisTfis vOJf.
18k; E}w;whz;Lf;F Kd;G kdpjdpd; ,aw;if vjphpfSk; kw;w Rw;Wr;#oy; vjpHg;GfSk;
kf;fs; njhifia xU rkepiy fl;Lg;ghl;by; itj;jpUe;jd.
19k; E}w;whz;Lf;Fg;gpd; kf;fs; njhif Ntfkhf ngUfpajw;F fhuzq;fs;
1. Neha;fspypUe;J ghJfhg;G mspj;j jLg;G+rpfs;
2. Neha;fpUkp nfhy;yp kUe;Jfspd; fz;Lgpbg;G
3. jdpkdpj Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; Nkd;ikahd Rfhjhuk;
4. Ntshz; njhopy;El;g Kiwfspy; Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;> czT tiffspy; Kd;Ndw;wq;fs;.
kf;fs; njhifg; ngUf;fj;jpd; Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;fq;fs;:
1. mjpf tsq;fs; gad;ghL> mjpfstpy; fopTfs; cw;gj;jp Nghd;witfshy; Rw;Wr;#oy;
kPJ ngUk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ
2. Foe;ijfSf;F gz;izfis gfpHe;jspj;jy; (m) tpisr;riy ngUf;f
tptrhaj;ij jPtpug;gLj;Jjy;
3. Gjpa tptrha gz;izfis Vw;gLj;Jjy;
4. Ntiyf;fhf efHg;Gwq;fSf;F nry;yy;> gpw ehLfSf;F Gyk; ngaUjy;
5. tUkhdj;jpw;fhf rl;l tpNuhj nray;fspy; <Lgly;
6. ngz;fisAk; Foe;ijfisAk; ghjpj;jy;
2. fz;zhb tPL tpisT vd;why; vd;d? fz;zhb tPL thAf;fs; gw;wp vOJf.
tspkz;lyj;jpy; rpy thAf;fs; #hpadpd; ntg;gj;ij cwpQ;rp mg;gbNa itj;J
nfhs;Stjhy; Gtpapd; ntg;gepiy caHfpwJ. ,jw;F fz;zhb tPL tpisT vd;W ngaH.
fz;zhb tPL tpistpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;:
fz;zhb tPL tpisT G+kpapd; tho;Tf;F mtrpaNk. ,t;tpisT ,y;iynadpy; G+kpahdJ
tl JUtk; Kjy; njd; JUtk; tiu gdpf;fl;bahy; %lg;gl;LtpLk;. Mdhy; fz;zhb tPL
tpisT mjpfkhdy; G+kp mjpfkhf ntg;gkile;J caphpdq;fs; kPJ jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.
fz;zhb tPL thAf;fs;:
fhHgd; il Mf;irL:
1. ,J kpf mjpfstpy; fhzg;gLk; fz;zhb tPL thA MFk;.
2. tpyq;Ffs; Rthrpj;jy;> fhpk nghU;fis vhpj;jy;> vhpkiy ntbj;jy; Nghd;w
,aw;if fhuzq;fshy; CO2 ntspaplg;gLfpwJ. ,it xspr;NrHf;ifapd; %yk;
ngUksT mfw;wg;gLfpwJ
3. Mdhy; kdpj nray;ghLfshd epyf;fhp ngl;Nuhypa vhpnghUl;fs;> jplf;fopTfs;>
thfdq;fs; Xl;Ljy;> kunghUl;fs; vhpj;jy; Nghd;wtw;why; CO2 msT mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
kPj;Njd;:
1. CO2 tpl 20 klq;F mjpfkhf ntg;gj;ij cwpQ;Rk;.
2. ,t;thAthdJ epyf;fhp> ,aw;if thA kw;Wk;; vz;nza; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; NghJk;
NtW ,lq;fSf;F vLj;J nry;Yk; NghJk; ntspNaw;wg;gLfpwJ.
3. fhpk
fopTfs;
mOFk;
NghJk;
gRkhLfs;
czT
nrhpf;Fk;
NghJk;
ntspNaw;wg;gLfpwJ. 1750 Mz;Lf;Fg; gpd;; kPj;Njd; msT ,ul;bj;Js;sJ.
iel;u]; Mf;irL:
21

1. CO2 tpl 300 klq;F ntg;gj;ij cwpQ;Rk;.

2. Gijgbt vhpnghUs; vhpj;jy;> gz;izfis cOjy; Nghd;wtw;why; ,t;thA
ntspNaw;wg;gLfpwJ.
ntg;g caHtpw;F fhuzkhd gpw thAf;fs;:
mYkpdpaj;ij cUf;Fk;NghJ ntspg;gLk; ngShpNdl;> i`bNuhfhHgd;fs;(Eiunkj;ijfs;)
FSNuh GSNuh fhHgd; (FspHrhjd nghUl;fs;)> biu GSNuh kPijy; ngd;lh GSiul; thA
,J kw;w thAf;fis tpl mjpfsT ntg;gj;ij cwpQ;Rk;. ,J vq;fpUe;J cw;gj;jpahfpwJ
vd;gJ ,Jtiu fz;lwpag;gltpy;iy
3. cyfshtpa ntg;g caHT vd;why; vd;d? mjdhy; Vw;gLk; tpisTfis vOJf.
G+kpapd; ruhrhp ntg;g caHtpy; Vw;gLk; mjpfhpg;Ng cyfshtpa ntg;g caHT vdg;gLk;.
cyfshtpa ntg;g cah;tpw;fhd fhuzpfs;
1. kpjkpQ;rpa fz;zhb tPL tpisT thAf;fspd; (Co2> kPj;Njd;> iel;u]; Mf;irL)
cw;gj;jp
2. i`l;Nuhfhh;gd;fs;> Fsph;rhjd ngl;bfspypUe;J ntspNaWk; FNshNuh GNshNuh
fhh;gd; kw;Wk; biuGSNuhkpijy; ry;gh; ngd;lh GSNul; cw;gj;jp
3. kpjkpQ;rpa fhLfspd; mopg;G
tpisTfs;:
1. ciwgdpfs; cUfp fly; ePH kl;lk; caUtjhy; gy ehLfspd; gy gFjpfs; ePhpy;
%o;fyhk;.
2. rpy ,lq;fspy; gUt fhyq;fspd; msT NkYk;; ePbf;Fk;
3. thdpiyia Kd;djhfNt rhpahf fzpf;f Kbahky; NghFk;
4. Gay;; tYg;ngw;W mbf;fb cUthFk;
5. fLikahd #whtspf; fhw;W tPrf;$Lk;.
6. ntg;ghd cyfk; mjpf <ug;gjj;ij cz;lhf;fp mjpf kio nghopit Vw;gLj;Jk;
7. cyfpd; gy gFjpfs; ghiytdkhf khWk.;
8. jPq;Faphp G+r;rpfshYk; Neha;fshYk; gaph;fSk; fhLfSk; ghjpf;fg;gLk;
9. rpy tif fhLfs; kiwe;J NghFk;.
10. kNyhpah> nlq;F> kQ;rs; fha;r;ry;, %isf;fha;rr
; y; Nghd;w Neha;fs; ntg;g
ehLfspypUe;J gpw ehLfSf;F guTk;
11. jhtuq;fSk; tpyq;FfSk; jk;ikj; jftikj;Jf; nfhs;s, rpukg;gl Ntz;b ,Uf;Fk;;.
cyfshtpa ntg;g caHit fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; topfs;:
fhHgid jdpikg;gLj;Jjy;
1. mjpfkhd kuq;fis tsHg;gjpd; %yk; CO2 thAthdJ xspr;NrHf;ifapd; %yk;
GJkug; gFjpfspy; Nrkpj;J itf;fg;gLfpwJ
2. CO2 thAit Mo;flypNyh (m) vz;nza; fpzWfspNyh Neubahf nrYj;jp jg;gpf;f
tplkhy; jdpikg;gLj;jyhk;
3. fz;zhb tPL thAf;fis ntspNaw;whj mZkpd; rf;jp> fhw;whiyr; rf;jp> i`l;u[d;
vhpnghUs; nry;fs; Mfpatw;iw gad;gLj;jyhk;.
4. XNrhd; XH ,aw;ifahd #hpaj;jil vd;gij t.
1. #hpadpypUe;J kpd;fhe;j gl;ilapy; fhzg;gLk; UV fjpHfs; caphpdq;fspd; DNA
Nrjg;gLj;jp jPq;F tpistpf;Fk;
2. ];Nul;Nlh];gpahpy; 1% msT XNrhd; Fiwe;jhYk; G+kpia te;jilAk; UV fjpHfspd;
msT mjpfhpf;Fk;.
3. XNrhd; ,y;iynadpy; caph;fs; ahTk; mope;J tpLk; my;yJ caph;fs; ahTk;
jiuf;F mbapNyh flypNyh gJq;f NehpLk;.
4. ];Nul;Nlh];gpahpy; Mf;rp[d; kPJ #hpa xsp nray;gl;L njhlHe;J XNrhid cw;gj;jp
nra;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;. mNj rkak; ,aw;if epfo;;Tfshy; XNrhd; rpijf;fTk;
nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
22

5. nghJthf XNrhd; cw;gj;jpAk; rpijTk; rkkhf ,Ug;gjhy; thdntspapy; XNrhdpd;

nkhj;j msT epiyahf ,UFk;.
6. Mdhy; kdpjdpd; jw;fhy nray;ghLfs; XNrhdpd; cw;gj;jp Ntfj;ij tpl
mjpNtfkhf rpijj;J tpLfpwJ.
XNrhd; nghj;jy; kw;Wk; ,og;gpw;fhd fhuzq;fs;.
tspkz;lyj;jpy; XNrhd; glyj;jpd; mlHT Fiwe;J nkypjha;f; fhzg;gLk; gFjp XNrhd;
nghj;jy; vdg;gLk;. ,J Kjd;Kjypy; mz;lhHbf; gFjpapy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. JUt
gFjpapypUe;J ,e;j nghj;jy; kw;w gFjpfSf;F guTfpwJ.
XNrhd; ,og;gpw;fhd fhuzq;fs;:
];Nul;Nlh];gpahpy; fhzg;gLk; nkhj;j FNshhpDk; ghjpasT GNuhkpDk; kdpj
nray;ghLfshy; cUthfpwJ.
FNshNuh GSNuh fhHgd; (m) gpuhd; thAf;fs;
GNuhkpd; $l;Lg; nghUl;fs; (m) `hNyd;fs;
iel;u[d; Mf;irLfs; kw;Wk; kPijy;GNuhkpl; Mfpait XNrhd; ,og;gpw;F fhuzkhd
nghUl;fs; MFk;.
XNrhd; ,og;gpdhy; Vw;gLk; tpisTfs; kw;Wk; XNrhd; ,og;ig jLf;Fk; topKiwfs;
XNrhd; ,og;gpdhy; Vw;gLk; tpisTfs;
1. tpisr;riy ghjpj;J fhLfspd; cw;gj;jpia ghjpf;Fk;
2. kPd; FQ;RfSk; rpW tpyq;FfSk; ghjpf;Fk;
3. Njhy; epwkp Gw;WNeha;> vhpjpkh> fz;ghHitf; NfhshW> fz;Giu Neha;>
Neha;j;jilfhg;G ghjpg;G Nghd;wit Vw;gLk;.
XNrhd; ,og;ig jLf;Fk; topKiwfs;
1. FNshNuh GNshNuh fhHgd;fSf;F gjpyhf i`l;Nuh FNshNuh GNshNuh fhHgd;fs;>
i`l;Nuh GNshNuh fhHgd;fs;> gpAl;Nld;> GNuhNgd;> mk;Nkhdpah> ePH kw;Wk;
ePuhtpia gad;gLj;jyhk;.
2. XNrhd; gly ,og;gpw;F fhuzkhd nghUl;fspd; cw;gj;jp Fiwf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
,e;j nghU;fis kWRow;rpapy; <LgLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
3. FspH rhjdg; ngl;bfs; kw;Wk; FspHrhjd nghU;fis gOJ ghHg;gjpy;
tiuKiwfis Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
4. ntspNaw;Wk; Fsp&l;bfis ifg;gw;wp kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;;j Ntz;Lk;.
5. #hpaf; fjpHfspd; jhf;FjypUe;J jw;fhj;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
5 .fopTfspd; tiffs; kw;Wk; fopTePh; Rj;jpfhpg;G gw;wp tphpthf vOJf.
fopTfspd; tiffs;:
1. caphpa rpijtpw;F cs;shFk; fopTfs;:
,aw;ifapy; Ez;Zaphpfshy; rpijf;fty;y fopTfs; caphpa rpijtpw;F cs;shFk;
fopTfs; vdg;gLk;;.
v.fh: kuk;> jhs;> ,iofs;> Ntshz;fopTfs;> tpyq;Ffspd; fopTfs;> czT gjg;gLj;Jjy;
fopTfs;
2. caphpa rpijtpw;F cs;shfhj fopTfs;:
,it Ez;Zaphpfshy; rpijf;f ,ayhj fopTfs; MFk;.
v.fh: Ruq;f fopTfs;> jhJ fopTfs;> njhopw;rhiyf; fopTfs;> gpsh];bf; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;
cNyhfq;fs;.
3. caphpa rpijtpw;F cs;shFk; kw;Wk; caphpa rpijtpw;F cs;shfhj fopTfs;:
,it efuhl;rp fopTfs; kw;Wk; njhopw;rhiy fopTfs; MFk;.
23

v.fh: gioa fhfpj ngl;bfs;;> ehspjo;fs;> fz;zhb jfu lg;ghf;fs;> Jzpfs;> fl;Lkhd
nghUl;fs;> rhf;fil fopTfs; MFk;.
fopTePH Rj;jpfhpg;G kw;Wk; Nkyhz;ik:
fopTePh; Rj;;jpfhpg;gpd; gbepiyfs;:
kpjf;Fk; fopTfis ePf;f ciwa itj;jy;> gba itj;jy;> kw;Wk; tbfl;ly; Kiwfs;
Nghd;wit nra;ag;gLfpwd.
JHehw;wk; kw;Wk; tz;zNkw;Wk; nghU;fis Mtpahtjw;F fhw;Nww;wk; nra;jy;
Neha; Vw;gLj;Jk; caphpfis nfhy;;y FNshhpNdw;wk; nra;jy;
Kjy;epiy Rj;jpfhpg;G:
rhf;fil fopTfis Rj;jpfhpf;f ,ae;jpu tbfl;ly;> ry;yil gad;gLj;Jjy;> gbatply;
Nghd;wtw;iw njhlh;e;J FNshhpd; Vw;wk; nra;jy;
,uz;lhk;epiy Rj;jpfhpg;G:
ghf;Bhpahf;fshy; fhpk fopTfs; ePf;fg;gl;L gpd; fhw;Nww;wk; %yk; Mf;rp[d; Vw;wg;gLfpwJ.
,k;Kiwapy; ghf;Bhpahf;fshy; cz;lhf;fg;gLk; frLfs; xUkpf;fg;gl;L xU fhw;ww;w
nrhpg;ghd; %yk; ifahsg;gLfpwJ.
6. ,lHghL jUk; fopTfspd; Nkyhz;ik gw;wp vOJf
Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; MapDk; mg;gbNa ,Ue;J Mgj;ij tpistpf;Fk; fopTfs; ,lHghL
jUk; fopTfs; vdg;gLk;.
v.fh: fjpHtPr;R fopTfs;> fhpk fiug;ghd;fs;> fhpk raidLfs;> mkpy m];ng];lh];>
cNyhf$l;Lg; nghUl;fs;.
,lHghL jUk; fopTfis ifahSk; Kiwfs;:
epyj;jpy; epug;Gjy;:
fjpHtPr;R jpwd;nfhz;l fopTfis G+kpapd; epyj;jbapy; cs;s FopfSf;Fs; Ntjpg;
nghU;fs; xd;NwhL xd;W fye;J FWf;F tpidapy; <Lgltplhky; mit jdpj;jdpNa
Nrkpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. gpd;dH FopfSf;Fs; ePH Gfhky; ,Uf;f fspkz; nfhz;L %lg;gLfpwJ.
njhlHe;J ,f;Fopfs; fz;fhzpf;fg;gLfpwd.
Mo;fpzW gha;r;ry;:
Jfs;fs; kw;Wk; Jisfs; nfhz;l kz;gug;Gila G+kpapd; kpf Moj;Js; epyj;jb ePUf;F
fPNo fpzWfs; Njhz;lg;gl;L ,lHghLjUk; jputf; fopTfs; Nrkpf;fg;gLfpwd.
rpy rkak; jiuapy; ntbg;Gfs; Njhd;wp ,f;fopTfs; epyj;jb ePUld; fye;J tpLk;
mghaKk; cz;L.
Nkw;gug;gpy; %b itj;jy;:
rpwpjsT Ntjpay; fopTfis nfhz;l Vuhskhd eP jiuapy; rpWFsq;fs; ntl;lg;gl;L
mjpy; epug;gg;gLfpwJ. jplf;fopTfs; jiug;gug;gpy; gbe;J tpLfpwd. ePH Mtpahfp tpLfpwJ.
vhpj;J rhk;ghyhf;Fjy;:
caphpa kUj;Jtf; fopTfshd kdpj cly;> ,uj;jk;> rPo;> er;Rj; jd;ik nfhz;l kUe;J
nghUl;fs;> tpyq;Ffspd; fopTfs; > Ez;Zaphpay; kw;Wk; caphpa njhopw;El;g fopTfs;
Mfpait vhpj;J rhk;ghyhf;fg;gLwd.;
caphpa jPHT:
Ez;Zaphpfs;> jhtuq;fs; Nghd;w caphpa nghUl;fis nfhz;L Rw;Wr;#oiy Rj;jk;
nra;tNj caphpa jPh;T vdg;gLk;
,aw;ifapy; fhzg;gLk; ghf;Bhpah Nghd;w Ez;Zaphpfs,; cNyhfq;fs; Nghd;w fopTfis
rpijf;fNth (m) er;Rj;jd;ikia Fiwf;fNth nra;fpd;wd.
[pg;nuy;yh gpA+Nrhpak; vd;w jhtuk; raidLfis rpijf;fpwJ.
#g;gh; gf; vd;gLk; #NlhNkhd]; G+blh ghf;Bhpah vz;nza; fopTfis rpijf;fpwJ.

24

7. ,lHghlw;w fopTfis vt;thW Nkyhz;ik nra;ayhk;

Rfhjhu epyf;Ftpg;G:
fopTfis ,aw;ifahd FopfspNyh my;yJ Njhz;lg;gl;;l gs;sq;fspNyh Ftpj;J kzy;
nfhz;L %lg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW cUthf;fg;gl;l Rfhjhu epyf;Ftpg;Gfs; kPJ G+q;fhf;fs;>
tpisahl;;L ikjhdq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw cUthf;fyhk;.
vhpj;J rhk;ghyhf;Fjy;:
efuhl;rpfspy;
vhpj;J
rhk;ghyhf;Fk;
ciyfs;
%yk;
vhpaf;$ba
jplf;fopTfs;
rhk;ghyhf;fg;gLfpwJ. rpytif vhpahj fopTfs; cUf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
jplf;fopT Nkyhz;ikapy; kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; kWRow;rp Kiwfs; vt;thW
gads;sjhf cs;sd kw;Wk; fopTePH Rj;jpfhpg;G Kiw gw;wp vOJf.kh11
kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;Jk; kWRow;rp Kiwfs;:
ug;gH> fz;zhb> jhs; kw;Wk; Jz;L cNyhfq;fs; Mfpatw;iw fopTfspypUe;J jdpNa
gphpj;J vLj;J kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;Jjy; kWRow;rp vdg;gLk;.
fhfpj fopTfis (54%) $ohf;fp ml;ilg;ngl;bfs; nra;jy; my;yJ fiuj;J nry;YNyh];
kpd;flj;jhg; nghUl;fs; nra;jy; my;yJ njhO cukhf gad;Lj;jyhk;.
fz;zhbfis (20%) nehWf;fp GJf;fz;zhb rhkhd;fs; jahhpf;fyhk;. my;yJ me;j
nehWf;fy;fis fhq;fPhpl;> M];ghy;l; Nghd;wtw;iw jahhpf;f gad;gLj;jp nfhs;syhk;.
rpy tif gpsh];bf;if (22%) cUf;fp eilghij tphpg;Gfs;> ePHgha;r;Rk; Foha;fs;>
gpsh];bf; ml;ilfs;> XLfs; Nghd;wtw;iw jahhpf;fyhk;;.
cNyhfq;fis (39%) cUf;fp kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
gioa Jzpfis Jz;lhf;fp fhjpj jahhpg;gpy; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
gioa laHfis Jz;lhf;fp rhiyfs; Nghl gad;gLj;jyhk;.
czTf; fopTfs;> gz;iz fopTfs; Nghd;wtw;iw njhO cukhf gad;gLj;jyhk;.
8. ,e;jpahtpy; fhzg;gLk; caphpa kpFtsq;fs; gw;wpAk; caphpa gy;tifik ghJfhg;gpy;
<Lgl;Ls;s epWtdq;fs; gw;wpAk; vOJf.
jkpo;ehl;by; fhzg;gLk; caphpakpF tsq;fs;:
1.ePyfphp caphpakpF tsk;:
1. ,J jhtu caphpa gy;tifikia Vuhskhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
2. ,jd; nkhj;j gug;gsT5220 rJu fp.kP
3. ,J rpw;wpdq;fspd; cs;kugpa gy;tifikia ghJfhf;fTk;> rpije;J Nghd
#o;epiy kz;lyj;ij ,aw;if epiyf;F nfhz;L tuTk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
2. kd;dhH tisFlh caphpakpF tsk;:
1. ,J 21rpW jPTfis cs;slf;fpaJ.
2. ,J 3600 jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffspd; caphpay; nrhHf;fkhf tpsq;FfpwJ.
3. mope;J tUk; ,dq;fs; kw;Wk; caphpar; nry;tq;fspd; nrwpT Mfpatw;iw
mbg;gilahf nfhz;L cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
caphpa gy;tifik ghJfhg;gpy; <Lgl;Ls;s epWtdq;fs;:
1. cyfshtpa tdtpyq;F epjpak;
2. Mg;gphpf;f tdtpyq;F ikak;
3. vjpHfhyj;jpw;fhd tsq;fs;
4. ,aw;if ghJfhg;G
5. cyf tsq;fs; epWtdk;
6. gd;dhl;L mwptpay; fofk;

25

caphpa gy;tifik ghJfhf;f ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s epWtdq;fs;:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

jhtu kugpay; tsq;fSf;fhd Njrpaf; fofk; -GJnly;yp

tpyq;F kugpay; tsq;fSf;fhd Njrpaf;fofk; -fky;
kPd; kugpay; tsq;fSf;fhd Njrpaf; fofk; - myfhghj;
tpyq;FfSf;fhd ikak; - ngq;fSH
,aw;iff;fhd cyfhstpa epjpak; - ,e;jpah

9. Mw;wy; neUf;fb vd;why; vd;d? Mw;wy; neUf;fbis jPHf;f vLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba

eltbf;iffs; ahit?(m) Gjpa Mw;wy; tsq;fis cUthf;Fjiy tpthp
mjpf kf;fs; ngUf;fk;> efukakhf;fk; ,tw;wpdhy; 2020k; Mz;bw;Fs; epyf;fhp ngNuhy;>
,aw;if vhpthA Mfpait jPHe;JtpLk; mghak; cs;sJ. ,jdhy; Mw;wy; neUf;fb Vw;gLk;
mghak; cs;sJ.
Mw;wy; neUf;fbiaj; jtpHf;f vLf;f Ntz;ba eltbf;iffs;:
1.vhpnghUs; EfHit Fiwj;jy;:
1. jw;NghJ cs;s fl;blq;fspy; ntg;gj;jil nghU;fis gad;gLj;Jjy;
2. Nghf;Ftuj;J rhjdq;fspd; vhpnghUs; EfHit Fiwj;jy;
3. rpwe;j jpwDs;s Nghf;Ftuj;J thfdq;fis gad;gLj;Jjy;.
2.Gjpa Mw;wy; tsq;fis cUthf;Fjy;:
1.fhw;W Mw;wy;:
,e;jpahtpy; fhzg;gLk; ePz;l flNyhug; gFjpfs;> kiyfs; kw;Wk; ghiytdg; gFjpfspy;
fhw;whiyfis mikj;J kpd; cw;gj;jp nra;ayhk;. ,tw;iw nfhz;L ePNuw;wk; nra;ayhk;;.
fhw;W Mw;wypd; epiwfs;:
1. cw;gj;jp nryT kpfTk; FiwT
2. Rw;Wr;#oYf;F vt;tpj ghjpg;Gk; ,y;iy.
3. Bry; Mw;wy; Nghy; ,y;yhky; njhlHe;J kpd;rhuk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk;.
2.Gtp ntg;g Mw;wy;:
gy jPT ehLfspy; ,aw;ifapNyNa fhzg;gLk; ntg;g ePH Cw;Wfspy; ,Ue;J ntspNaWk;
ePuhtpia Mw;wyhfg; gad;gLj;JtJjhd; ,e;j njhopy;El;gk;.
3.Mw;wy; cw;gj;jpf;fhd ntg;gghiwfs;:
G+kpapd; cl;Gwj;jpy;> Moj;jpy; ghiwfspd; ntg;gk; 200 Kjy; 300nry;rpa]; msT cs;sJ.
,f;fpzWfspy; cs;s mjpf mOj;jj;jpy; ePHg; gha;rr
; g;gLfpwJ. ,e;j ePuhdJ ghiw
,ilntspfspy; EioAk;; nghOJ #lhfpwJ. gpd;dH ,e;ePH NtW Foha;fs; %yk;
ePuhtpahf Gtpg; gug;gpw;F nfhz;L te;J lHgd;fis ,af;fp kpd; cw;gj;jp nra;ayhk;.
4.rpWePh; kpd; jpl;lq;fs;:
fhy;tha;fs;> Xilfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; ,Ue;J Rw;Wg;Gw rPHNfL ,y;yhky; kpd; cw;gj;jp
nra;ayhk;.
5.ngUq;fly; Mw;wy;:
ngUq;fly; fhw;W> ngUq;fly; miyfs;> ngUq;fly; Xjq;fs;> ngUq;fly; ePNuhl;lk;>
ngUq;fly; Gtp ntg;gk;> ngUq;fly; cg;Gjd;ik NtWghL kw;Wk; ghrpfis nfhz;L
Mw;wiy ngwyhk;.
6.fly; Xjq;fs; %yk; Mw;wy;:
ngUq;fly; miyfSk; Xjq;fSk; Vuhskhd Mw;wiyf; nfhz;Ls;sd. ,e;;j Mw;wy;
GJg;gpf;f ty;yjhfTk; Rw;Wr;#oYf;F NfL mw;wjhfTk; cs;sJ.
7.#hpa Mw;wy;:
cyfpYs;s midj;J Mw;wy;fSf;Fk; %ykhd #hpa Mw;wy; xU GJg;gpf;fty;y Mw;wy;
MFk;;. xt;nthU tUlKk; #hpadplkpUe;J G+kpf;F 5X1020 fpNyh fNyhhp Mw;wy; fpilf;fpwJ.

26

#hpa Mw;wypd; epiwfs;:

1. Rw;Wr;#oiy khRg;gLj;Jtjpy;iy
2. xspr;NrHf;if, fz;zhb tPL tpisT Mfpatw;wpd; #o;epiyr; rkd;ghl;il guhkhpf;f
cjTfpwJ
3. vz;nza; kw;Wk; thAf;fspy; Vw;gLk; Rw;Wr;#oy; ghjpg;G ,jpy; Vw;gLtjpy;iy
8.mZf;fjpH Mw;wy;:
Gijgbt vhpnghUSf;F gjpyhf ,e;j Mw;wiy gad;gLj;jyhk;.
1.mZf;fjpH gpsj;jy;:
xU fdkhd mZit epAl;uhd; nfhz;L jhf;Fk; NghJ Vuhskhd Mw;wy; ntspg;gLfpwJ.
Mdhy; ,jpy; mZf;fjpH fopTfis ifahStJ xU nghpa rpf;fy; MFk;.
2.mZf;fjpH ,izT:
bAl;bhpak; kw;Wk; biul;bak; Nghd;w Nyrhd mZ cl;fUf;fis ,ize;J xU fdkhd
epiyahd mZthf khWk; Mw;wy; ntspg;gLfpwJ. ,jpy; mZf;fjph; fopT mghak; ,y;iy.
Mdhy; ,e;j njhopy;El;gk; ,Jtiu rhpahf fz;lwpag;gltpy;iy.
9.capHthA (m) rhz vhpthA Mw;wy;:
caphpaf; fopTfis fhw;ww;w Kiwapy; kf;fr; nra;tjd; %yk; ,t;thw;wy; ngwg;gLfpwJ.
10.i`l;u[d; vjpHfhy Mw;wy; %yk;:
jw;rkak; cs;s njhopy;El;gq;fs; %yk; ,e;j Mw;wiy mstpd;wp mjpfkhf cw;gj;jp
nra;ayhk;.
kdpjDf;F Njitahd midj;J Mw;wy; NjitfisAk; kypthfTk; jpwd;tha;e;jjhfTk;
epiwT nra;fpwJ.
i`l;u[d; Mw;wypd; epiwfs;:
,J xU er;Rj; jd;ikaw;w thA
Rw;Wr;#oy; ghjpg;G ,y;iy
mjpfgl;r nghUz;ik Mw;wy; nfhz;lJ.
10. ed;dPH Nrkpg;G gw;wp vOJf.(my;yJ) ed;dPH Nkyhz;ik gw;wp vOJf
ed;dPH Nkyhz;ik: Gtpapy; fpilf;Fk; ed;dPhpd; msT xU Fwpg;gpl;l msNt jhd;.
Fwpg;gpl;l ,lq;fspy; ePH fpilg;gjw;F gy topfs; cs;sd.
1.Nkfj;jpy; Ntjpg; nghUs;fis J}Tjy;:
cyH gdp (m) nghl;lhrpak; mNahilL Jfs;fis ePH NfhHj;j Nkfq;fspd; kPJ J}tpdhy;
rpy rkak; kiog; nghopT Vw;gLk;.
2.cg;G ePiu Fb ePuhf;fy;:
ngUq;fly; ePhpy; cg;G jd;ikia ePf;FtJ xU rpwe;j njhopy;El;gkhFk;. tbfl;ly; my;yJ
jiyfPo; rt;T+L guty; Kiwap; %yk; cg;G ePiu FbePuhf khw;wyhk;;.
3.mizfs;> ePHj;Njf;fq;fs;> fhy;tha;fs;> ePHf;Foha;fs;:
,itfspd; %yk; ePiur; Nrfhpj;J vq;nfq;F ePH Njit Vw;gLfpwNjh mq;nfy;yhk; jz;zPiu
mspg;gJ nghJthd eilKiwahFk;.
4.ePHg; gphpif KfL Nkyhz;ik:
mizfspy; ,Ue;J tPzhFk; mjpfg;gbahd ePiu rpW rpW Fsq;fspy; Njf;fp ed;dPH
msit mjpfg;gLj;jyhk;.
5.kioePH Nrfhpg;G:
kioePiu NeubahfNth my;yJ G+kpf;Fs; nrYj;jpNah epyj;jb ePH tsj;ij ngUf;FtNj
kioePH Nrfhpg;G vdg;gLk;;.
,k;Kiw %yk; epyj;jb ePH kl;lk; caUfpwJ. fly;ePH epyj;Jf;Fs; GFtJ jLf;fg;gLk;.
27

fl;blq;fspd; $iukPJ tpOk; ePiujpwe;j fpzw;wpf;Fs;Nsh Mo; Foha;fSf;Fs;Nsh

Neubahf nrYj;jyhk;.
6.Nkk;gl;l Ntshz; Kiwfs;:
fhLfs; tsHg;G> mWtilf;Fg; gpd; tPzhd gapHfis mg;gbNa tpl;L itj;jy;> rhpthd
epyg;gFjpfspy; cOtij jLj;jy;> rJg;G epyq;fis ghJfhg;gjpd; %yk; epyj;jb ePhpd;
msit mjpfhpf;fr; nra;ayhk;.
7.tPLfspy; Nrkpj;jy;:
tPLfspy; ryit ,ae;jpuq;fs;> ghj;jpuq;fis fOTk; ,ae;jpuq;fs;> Fiwe;j iu
gad;gLj;Jk; Fspayiw rhjdq;fs; %yk; ePH tPzhtijf; Fiwf;fyhk;.
8.njhopw;rhiyfspy; Nrkpj;jy;;:
cyH FspHtpf;Fk; Kiwfis gad;gLj;Jjy;> njhopw;rhiy fopT ePiu Rj;jpfhpj;J
kWRow;rpapy; <LgLj;jp kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;Jjy;.
9.ePiu Nrkpg;gjpy; jdpkdpjdpd; gq;F:
1. Fspf;f gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ePhpd; msit Fiwj;jy;
2. fhHfisAk;> ,Urf;fu thfdq;fisAk; mbf;fb fOtf;$lhJ.
3. ififis fOTk; NghJk; ghj;jpuq;fis fOTk; NghJk; gy; Jyf;Fk; NghJk;
Njitapy;yhky; jz;zPH Foha;fis jpwe;J itf;ff;$lhJ.
4. tPl;Lj; Njhl;lj;jpy; myq;fhuj; jhtuq;fshf ghiytd nrbfis el;L itf;fyhk;
5. Fiwe;j ePiug; gad;gLj;Jk; Fspf;Fk; rhjdq;fisAk; foptiw rhjdq;fisAk;
gad;gLj;jyhk;.
6. xOfpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Foha;fis rhp nra;ayhk;.
11.tWikia gw;wp vOJf
tWik vd;gJ Fiwe;jgl;r tsk; my;yJ tUkhdk;; ,y;yhjpUj;jy; MFk;.
kdpjdpd; Njitf;F mtrpakhd rj;JzT> cilfs;> tPL> Rj;jkhdePH kw;Wk;
Rfhjhuj; Njitfs; ,y;yhjpUj;jy; tWikahFk;.
tWikapd; tiffs;:
1.KOikahd tWik:
thof;iff;Nf Nflhf mikAk; Nkhrkhd tWik KOikahd tWik vdg;gLk;.
2.njhlHgpayhd tWik:
kw;w cyf ehLfSld; xg;gpLk; NghJ Fiwe;j tsk; my;yJ tUkhdj;ij
nfhz;l xU rKjha epiy njhlHgpayhd tWik vdg;gLk;.
tWikAk; Rw;Wr;#oy; gpur;ridfSk;:
1. kf;fs;njhifAk; tWikAk; ,aw;if tsq;fs; kPJk; Rw;Wr;#oy; kPJk; ngUk;
jhf;fj;ij cz;lhf;fpAs;sd.
2. ePHepiyfs;> kz;> fhL Nghd;wtw;wpd; khRghL cyfpd; gy gFjpfspd;
tWikf;F fhuhzkhf cs;sJ.
3. Rw;Wr;#oy; rPHNflhdJ czT gw;whf;Fiw> Rj;jkhd ePH> ciwtplq;fs;
Nghd;w mj;jpahtrpakhd nghUl;fspd; gw;whf;Fiwf;F fhuzkhf cs;sJ.
4. mjpf kf;fs; njhif ngUf;fkhdJ epyq;fisAk; kw;w tsq;fisAk;
mjpfkhf gad;gLj;Jk; #o;epiyia cz;lhf;FfpwJ.
tWikia rhpnra;Ak; topfs;:
ePH kw;Wk; epy tsq;fis mjpfhpj;jy;> gaphpl jFjpahd epyq;fspd; msit
mjpfhpj;jy;; kw;Wk; tskw;w epyq;fis tsKs;s epyq;fshf khw;WJjy;.
tptrhaj;ij jPtpugLj;Jjy;> gRik Gul;rpia mjpfhpj;jy;> etPd kugpay; kw;Wk;
caphpa njhopy;El;g Kiwfis ifahSjy;
1. jPq;Faphpfis mopf;f caphpa fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfis gad;gLj;Jjy;
28

2. mjpfstpy;
Muk;g
Rfhjhu
epiyaq;fisAk;
iftplg;gl;l
kw;Wk;
NehAw;wtHfSf;F mdhij tpLjpfis Vw;gLj;Jjy;.
3. FLk;gf; fl;Lghl;L Kiwia jPtpukhf nray;gLj;Jjy;.
tWik vjpHg;G kw;Wk; r%f ghJfhg;G jpl;lq;fis nray;gLj;Jjy;. Ntiy
tha;g;Gfis mjpfhpf;f Gjpa njhop;rhiyfisAk; Gjpa njhopy;El;gq;fisAk;
cz;lhf;Fjy;.

gaghL ca
1. Mnuhakhd fheilia vthW flth?
1. bghlD , RWRWghf, gsgsghd njhiy cilait.
2. rhjhuz g, ey cwfK fhzgL.
2. gR mik mFf ahit?
1. Fiwj mirnghL jik
2. gh ko, gh fhf f
3. cl btgiy mfj
4. rUk, ghko, ghfhf bfhsf , uF fhzgL.
5. gh Ruj FiwJ wf neL.
3. gR mikia jLF tKiwf ahit?
1. ghfgl yFfis jikgLJj.
2. FiHj cz mj
3. kUJ fiurYl Toa xjlbfhLj
4. cila ng kUjj
5. fhafis FzLJ U eh ffis gagLJj.
4. fheilfis jhF itu nehf ahit?
1. khlik 2. fhth neh
3. lbg
5. fheilfis jhF ghOah nehf ahit?
1. Muh 2. knu broah 3. khoO
6. mafy (btdfy) vwh vd?
J beUa myJ bjhlgw cdfis fyw brj.
7. FWF fy (w dfy) vwh vd?
1. KY w d cf xWl xW fyf brj.
2. a gf clhF.
3. mf ts aK cila fy c njhW.
8. braif l tKiwf ahit?
1. fheilfis dbgUffhf kijfahf nrf ntoaiy.
2. nrffgl J utfis nehUf ghfhj tz bjhiy u
vLJ bryyh.
3. fhakilj, Kailj khLf Jut idgLjYF cj.
9. byAh nfhf bghUshjhu KaJt thjjhf fUjgLtJ V?
iu KailJ 5 myJ 6 khj taJ milnghnj Kill Jt L
10. mbkf dtif nfhf gfis vGJ. cjhuz bfhL.
1. kr w wF. 2. f wKila brkl 3. gG w XLila Kilf
c.. nuhLIyLbu, isbksuh.
11. dnjhw mogil ma ehLnfh df ahit? v.fh. jUf?
1. mbkf dtif 2. Ma dtif 3. My dtif
4. ka jiufl tif
29

12. nfh Kilfis njbjLFnghJ ftd bfhs ntoa Ff ahit?

1. Kilf brghf Uf ntL.
2. jFj msidila Kilfshf UfntL.
3. mlgG w XLfshf Uf ntL.
4. jhf lgl Kilfshf Uf ntL.
13. milfhj Utiff ahit?
1. aifahd milfhj
Kilf jhnfh guhk UF.
2. braif milfhj
Kilfis milfhF bgo itfgL. mf vif Kilfis
milfhfyh.
14. ngfhj vwh vd? tiff ahit?
bghj s nfh FRfis 4 Kj 6 thu tiu guhkJ, tj
ngfhj vdgL mit
uL tifgL
1. aif guhkj- jhnfh guhk UF.
2. braif guhkj btgiy fLgLjgl FR ts bgoD
ghJfhfgL.
15. bljnfh gaf ahit?
1.
2.
3.
4.

ja rhjhuz xf, mrhjhuz xf fLofyh.

ja thf gf nfL miljiy fhzyh.
Rthr ghij nehfis flayh(uho Silo)
Fl ghijf afij flayh.

16. uj mGjkh gaf ahit?

1. uj Xl jikia ja bragLtij fla gagLwJ.
2. iAg bl-mf
uj mGj
kW iAngh
bl-Fiw uj mGj
fla gagLwJ.
17. CTnf vwh vd?
xU ol f gaghil, RHY vnu mikig xwh izJ
cl gntW
cWf kW ghff FWFthL HYDf myJ JLfis cUthFj.
c.. Eiupu, fu, Wuf.
18. CTnf gaf ahit?
1. Eiupu, fu, fizaW nehfis flayh.
2. ja nehf, nkhrkhd nuhFf, ujFHh nehf, jir mGf, Wuf
ff flayh.
3. vY rhj nehwtf vYf cs jhJbghUf mlfis
fla gagLwJ.
19. nkhirnlh l kUJt gaf ahit?
1. uj brf vifia ma cjwJ.
2. tgQf FiwtJ mahit FF.
3. tgQf mfgJ ghirahit FF.
4. mrhjhuz WBC vif mf Yahit FF.

30

20. vnlhnfh vwh vd?

clF cgFianah myJ gsf bfhl cWignah xU FWfyhd
tis jik bfhl
xia flJ iHf bfhl cgfuzkhd vnlhnfh bfhL MuhtjF
vnlhnfh vW bga.
21. Mnlh mdiyr nkikf ahit?
1. iffsh bragL Kiwia xLnghJ Ja mf.
2. Fiwj fhy Vuhskhd khfis brayh.
3. fzLf njitgLtJ iy.
22. Mnlh mdiyr FiwghLf ahit?
1. iy cajit.
2. a vifyhd khfSf;F cfjJ my.
3. cgfuz gGJ Vglh gagLj KoahJ.

gj;J kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;

gad;ghl;L caphpay;
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

fwit gRf;fspd; Njhw;wk;> guty;> gz;G> ghy; cw;gj;jp tpsf;Ff.

fhy;eilapy; Vw;gLk; Neha;fis tpthp
fhy;eil ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; njhopy;El;gk; gw;wp tpsf;Ff.
Kf;fpa khl;bdq;fisAk; mtw;wpd; gz;GfisAk; tpthp.
Nfhoptsh;g;gpd; Kf;fpa epiyfs; ahit? tpthp.
md;dpaehl;L Nfhop,dq;fis tifg;gLj;Jf.
Gwit tsh;g;G gw;wp tpthp
ehl;LNfhop ,dq;fis tpthp.
NfhopFQ;R tsh;j;jYf;F Njitahf fhuzpfs; ahit?
kPd; Fsq;fspd; tiffis $W.
11. kPd; tsh;g;G vd;why; vd;d? tsh;g;Gf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kPd;fspd; gz;Gfs; ahit?
12. kPd; gz;iz Nkyhz;ik nra;tijAk; jkpo;ehl;L czT tif kPd;fisAk; tpthp.
13. kPd; gz;izj; njhopy; gw;wp tpthp

14. P,Q,R,S, miyfis tpthp. ECG-tpthp

15. fk;a+l;ll; NlhNkhfpuhgp vd;why; vd;d? mjd; gad;fis tpthp.
16. ];nlj];Nfhg; kw;Wk; ];gpf;NkhkhNdhkPl;lh; Mfpatw;iw tpthp.

31

XU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;
clw;nraypay;
czT+l;lk;
Nfhbl;l ,lk;
1. fhu;Nghi`l;Nul;by; C.H.O tpfpjk; ___________ (1:2:1)
2. RNA, DNA %yf;$Wfspy; Kf;fpa mq;fkhf cs;s xw;iw ru;f;fiu _______( ngd;Nlh]; )
3. 1 gm fhu;Nghi`l;Nul; ntspapLk; fNyhup msT ____________ ( 4.1 c)
4. tpyq;Ffspd; fy;yPuypYk;> jirfspYk; cs;s $l;Lr; ru;f;fiu(fpisf;Nfh[d;)
5. yhf;Nlhrpy; cs;s xw;iw ru;f;fiufs; _________ (FSf;Nfh]; + fhyf;Nlh];)
6. czTj;Jfs;fspy; ];lhh;r; fhzg;gLk; tbtk; ----(ngf;bd);
7. vd;i]k;fshf nray;GupAk; Gujk; _________________ ( nray;Gujk;)
8. 20 mkpNdh mkpyq;fspy; mtrpakhd mkpNdh mkpyq;fspd; vz;zpf;if ________(10)
9. tpyq;Ffspd; vg;gFjpapy; nfhOg;G Nrfupj;J itf;fg;gLfpwJ. (mbg;NghR jpR)
10. ,uj;j mOj;j Neha; cs;stu;fSf;F toq;Fk; vz;nza;fspy; __________ nfhOg;G

mkpyq;fs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. (ghyp md;rhr;RNul;ll; ) PUFA)

11. 1 gm nfhOg;gpy; cs;s rf;jp ___________ (9.3 fNyhup)
12. #upa xsp itl;lkpd; vdg;gLtJ ____________________ ( D )
13. ,uj;j rptg;gZf;fis Kjpu;r;rpailar; nra;Ak; itl;lkpd; ____________( B12 )
14. itl;lkpd; D Fiwg;ghl;bdhy; Kjpatu;fSf;F Vw;gLk; Neha; ______ ( M];bNah kNyrpah)
15. __________itl;lkpd; Fiwthy; ngy;yf;uh Neha; Vw;gLfpwJ. (earpd;)
16. INrhnkl;hpf; clw;gapw;rp -------- jpwid mjpfhpf;fpwJ (fpisNfh[d; Nrkpj;jy;)
17. 16. nfsl; vd;gJ vt;tif %l;L top-----(tsh;rpij khw;w FiwghL)
18. jpRf;fSf;F Gj;Jzu;r;rpA+l;Lk; itl;lkpd; --------(E)
19. itl;lkpd; V apd; Kf;fpa Ntiy ---- (fz;ghh;it czh;T)
20. RaNeha;j;jLg;G mikg;G Fiwg;ghL Neha; ----(ika];jPdpah fpNutp];)
21. kdpjdpd; clypDs; cs;s ePupd; msT _______________(71 78% )
22. fbd Ntiy nra;Ak; ,e;jpa khjpup MZf;F Njitg;gLk; fNyhup msT___(3880 C)
23. czT cz;zh epiyapy; ,ay;ghd ,uj;jr; ru;f;fiuapd; msT _____(70 - 110 kp.fp / nl.yp)
24. nrupj;jypy; Kjy; nray; ______________( czitr; ritj;jy;)
25. jpde;NjhWk; Ruf;Fk; ckpo;ePupd; msT ____________(1000 1500 kp.yp. )
26. ckpo;ePu; Rug;G> tpOq;Fjy; Xu; _____________( mdpr;ir nray;)
27. ,iug;igapy; rPg; nry;fs; vDk; Kf;fpa nry;fs; Rug;gJ _________( vd;irk;fs;)
28. ,iug;igapd; Rtiu HCL mkpyj;jpd; ghjpg;gpypUe;J ghJfhg;gJ-------(Nfhiog;nghUs;)
29. ,iug;igapy; HCL - I Ruf;Fk; nry; ___________(Mf;]pd;bf; nry;)
30. gpj;jePu; cg;Gfs; ngupa nfhOg;G %yf;$Wfis vJthf khwW; fpwJ________
(ifNyhikf;uhd; (nfhOg;G jptiyfs;)
31. gpj;j fw;fis cUthf;FtJ -----------(nfhy];buhy;)
32. fiza ePupd; PH kjpg;G ______________ (PH 7 8 )
33. vJ Gw ngg;bNl]; ------(fhh;ghf;]pngg;bNl];)
34. nghpath;fspd; cly;epiw vz;zpd; msT tiuaiw--------(19 - 25)
35. nrupf;fg;gl;l czTg; nghUl;fis cwpQ;rp fy;yPuYf;F mDg;Gk; ,uj;jFoha; ___
(fy;yPuy; Nghu;l;ly; rpiu)
czTg;ghij Fiwg;ghLfs;
36. gw;nrhj;ij Vw;gl;ljw;fhd Kjy; mwpFwp ________________ ( gy;typ )
37. Fly; Gz;iz Vw;gLj;Jk; ghf;Bupah _________ (n`ypf;NfhNgf;lu; igNyhup)
rpW Foe;ijfSf;F Vw;gLk; Fly; gpJf;fk; ______________(nfhg;G+y; Fly; ,wf;fk;)
Fly;thypy; tPf;fk; Vw;gl;L fLikahd tapw;Wtyp Vw;gLtJ ________(mg;gd;birB];)
fy;yPuypy; Njhd;Wk; kpff; fLikahd ghjpg;G ____________(<uy; ,Wf;fp Neha;)
Xu; tsu;e;j kdpjdpy; c s vYk;Gfs;> jirehu;fspd; vz;zpf;if ______(206 ; 700)
fp.K. 14 Mk; E}w;whz;by; vYk;G KwpT rpfpr;ir gw;wp tpsf;fpatu; ____
(`p;g;NghfpNul;];)
43. Kwpe;j vYk;Gfis ,izf;Fk; jpR _____________ (fhy]; jpR)

38.
39.
40.
41.
42.

32

44. Neha;epiy vYk;G KwpTf;fhd fhuzk; ------ (i`g;gh; ghuhijuha;brk;)

jirfs;

45. jir ehupdpy; fhzg;gLk; nky;ypa ,iofs; ______________(ikNah/iggpupy;fs;)

46. jirr; RUf;f nray;Kiwia efUk; - ,io fUj;Jf; nfhs;if %yk; tpsf;fpatu;fs;

____________ ( `hd;rd; & `f;Ny )

47. jirr; RUf;fj;jpd; mjpfgl;r mOj;j rf;jp Rkhu; (3.5 fp.fp / r.nr.kP)
48. jirr; RUf;fj;ij J}z;Ltpf;Fk; Ntjpg; nghUs;:_____ (mrpl;ily; nfhiyd;)
49. .nlul;lhy[pf; Fiwg;ghL vd;gJ vt;tif %l;L eOTjiyf; Fwpf;Fk;------(fd;n[dpl;ly;)
50. jirapd; RUf;fj;jpw;F
; j; Njitahd fhy;rpak; madpfis ntapLtJ-------(rhh;Nfhgpsh];kpf; tiy)
51. HIV ghjpg;G cs;sth;fis tpiutpy; njhw;wpf;nfhs;Sk; Neha;------(fhrNeha;)
52. ,ja jirfSf;F ngupJk; gydspf;Fk; jirr; RUf;f tif _________(INrhlhdpf;)
53. ikah];jPdpah fpNutp]; Nehahspf;F ,uj;jk; Rj;jpfupf;Fk; nray;ghL ______________
(gpsh];NkhgPuprp];) Rthrpj;jy;
54. cl;Rthrk; Xh; _(nray;kpF epfo;r;rp)
55. cjutpjhdk; jsu;r;rp mile;J> ,ay;ghd Nkw;Ftpe;j tbit vr;Rthrj;jpd; NghJmilAk;.(btspRthrk;)
56. %r;nrhOq;F gFjp %isapd; vg;gFjpapy; cs;sJ.___________(KFsk;)
57. epANkhdpahit Vw;gLj;Jk; ghf;Bupah __________(epANkhfhf;fy; epANkhdpah)
58. EiuaPuiy Rw;wpAs;s ciwapy; (gpspA+uh) Vw;gLk; tPf;fk; _________(gpspA+urp)
59. fhr Nehia Vw;gLj;Jk; ghf;Bupah _________(ikf;Nfh ghf;Bupak; bA+gu;FNyhrp];)
60. Njhs;gl;ilapy; epw;Fk; Mrd tif __________(ru;thq;fhrdh)
61. ikl;uy; thy;T vdg;gLtJ __________(<upjo;thy;T)
62. .,jaj;jpy; kpd; J}z;Ljiy Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; gFjp ____________(SA fZ)
63. ,jak; epkplj;jpw;F vj;jid Kiw Jbf;Fk; (72 - 80 Kiw)
64. yg; vDk; ePzl
; xyp ve;j thy;T %lg;gLtjhy; Vw;gLfpwJ (Vl;upNah - ntz;l;upFyhh; thy;T)
65. ,uz;lhtJ ,ja xyp (lg;)----------%Ltjhy; Vw;gLfpwJ.(miure;jpu thy;T)
66. ,jaj; jir jkdp Neha; vdg;gLtJ___________(,jaj;jir erpTwy; Neha;)
67. khu;ig mOj;JtJ Nghd;w fLikahd typia Vw;gLj;Jk; khu;G typ (Md;i[dh)
68. Ez; typ miyTfis cl;nrYj;jp ,jaj;jpd; cs;sikg;gpid glkhf Njhw;Wtpj;jy;
(,ja vjpnuhyp tiug;glk;)
69. ,ja thy;T FWfiyiljy; ____________(];nlNdhrp];)
70. cly; eyKila xUtupd; ,uj;j mOj;jk; __________(120 / 80 kp.kP. nku;f;Fup)
71. fLikahd beRtF fhuzkhd neh --- (,jaj;jir erpTwy; Neha;)
72. Mz;fSf;F ngz;fis tpl ,ja,uj;jf;Foy; milg;G Neha; mjpfk; tUtjw;fhd `hh;Nkhd; ---(<];l;Nuh[d);
73. kdpjdpy; Kjd; Kjyhf ,ja khw;W mWitr; rpfpr;irapid nra;jtu; __________
(1967 - Nguh.fpwp];bahd; ngu;dhu;L(njd; Mg;upf;fh))
74. ,ay;ghd Mz;> ngz;fspy; cs;s ,uj;j msT ________(5-6 ypl;lu;;; 4-5 ypl;lu;)
75. Mz;> ngz; ,uj;jj;jpy; cs;s RBC tho;ehs; ____________(120 ; 110 ehl;fs;)
76. Mz;> ngz; ,uj;jj;jpy; cs;s RBC fspd; vz;zpf;if _____________
( 5.2 kpy;ypad; ; 4.5 kpy;ypad; / 1 f.kp.kP.
77. RBC cw;gj;jpahFkplk; _________(tpyh vYk;G> KJnfYk;Gfspd; vYk;G k[;i[)
78. ve;j WBC nry;ypy; ,uj;jk; ciwjiy jil nra;Ak; `pg;ghupd; cs;sJ. (NgNrh/gpy;fs;)
79. ,jaj; jirj; jkdpfspDs; Vw;gLk; ,uj;j fl;b_____(nfhNuhdup JNuhk;Nghrp];)
80. ,uj;jf; fl;bapd; xU rpWgFjp ,uj;j Xl;lj;jpy; ,lk; ngau;tJ______(vk;Nghy];)
81. #o;epiy khWgl;lhYk; epiyj;j jd;ikiag; ngw;wpUg;gJ (N`hkpNah];Nl]p];)
82. J}z;ly;fis ngWk; Xa;T epiyapy; cs;s nry;fspd; kpd; mOj;jk; Rkhu; (70 kpy;yp Nthy;l);
83. czu;tiyfs; vd;gJ ______________ (Xa;T epiyapd; khw;wk;)
84. kj;jpa euk;G njhFg;gpy; ntz;ik nghUs; ___________ (Mf;]hd;fs;)
85. ngU%is Gwzpapy; kl;Lk; cs;s euk;Gnry; ,izg;Gfspd; vz;zpf;if _____ (10 )
86. ilad; nrgyhdpd; ngUk;gFjp _____________ (jyhk];)
87. J}f;fk; - tpop;g;G Row;rpapid fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ _________(i`g;Nghjyhk];)
88. Mz;> ngz;fspy; ngU%isapd; vil ____________(1400 gm , 1200 gm)
89. eL%isapy; cs;s 4 cl;fUf;fs; _____________(fhu;Nghuh Fthl;upn[kpdh)
33

90. ngU%isapypUe;J nra;jpfis rpW%isf;F flj;Jk; gFjp ________(ghd;];)

91. ,jaj;Jbg;G> Rthrk; Nghd;w mdpr;ir nraypy; <LgLk; %isapd; gFjp________(KFsk;)
92. czh;r;rpkpF jUzj;jpy; %isapd; ,U miuf;Nfhsq;fSk; ,ide;J rkkhf nrayhw;w
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.

cjTtJ----- (Kd;Gw ,izg;Gj;jpRf;fs;)

__________vd;gJ epidthw;wypd; ,og;G MFk;. ( mk;dr
P pah )
fle;j fhy epfo;Tfis epidT $w ,ayhj epiy ----------(mk;dr
P pah)
ek; clYf;F ed;ik gaf;Fk; cwf;f tif --------- (nkJthd miy cwf;fk;)
Jupj fz; mirTfSld; $ba cwf;fk; ePbf;Fk; fhyk;-----------(05 - 30 epkp)
epiyg;gLj;jg;gl;l mdpr;ir nraiy Nrhjid %yk; Kjd; Kjypy; ep&gpj;jtu;
_________________ (Itd; Ngt;Nyht;)
ruhrupahf xU kdpjdpy; cs;s %isj;jz;Ltljputj;jpd; msT ______(150 ml )

gupzhkf; Nfhl;ghLfs;
1. gupzhkf; Nfhl;ghLfis ntspapl;ltu;fspy; Kf;fpakhdtu; ([Pd; ghg;jp];J yhkhu;f;)
2. 1809 - y; yhkhu;f; ntspapl;l E}y; ( tpyq;fpay; jj;Jtk;)
3. ve;j fUj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; yhkhu;f;fpd; gupzhkf; Nfhl;ghL mike;Js;sJ.(ngw;w gz;G kuGg;
gz;ghjy;)
4. yhu;khu;f;fpd; Kjy;tpjpia tpsf;f yhkhu;f; fhl;ba cjhuzk; (Fjpiufspd; gupzhk tsu;r;rp)
5. yhkhu;f;fpd; %d;whtJ tpjp (clYWg;G gad;ghL gw;wpa tpjp)
6. Kjd; Kjypy; n[u;k;gpshrj;jpid> Nrhkhl;Nlhgpshrj;jpypUe;J gpupj;jwpe;j n[u;khdpa mwptpayhu;
(Mf];L tP]N
; kd;)
8. fw;wwpjy; kuG gz;ghfyhk; vd;w Gjpa yhkhu;f;fpaj;ij epiy epWj;j vypfspy; Ma;T
Nkw;nfhz;ltu; (nkf;Lfy;)
9. epA+l;ldpd; GtpaPu;g;Gf; Nfhl;ghl;bw;F ,izahd Nfhl;ghlhf fUjg;gl;lJ (lhu;tpdprk;)
10. lhu;tpdprk; vd;gJ (,aw;if Nju;T Nfhl;ghL)
11. lhu;tpdpd; ,aw;if Nju;T Nfhl;ghl;Lld; njhlu;Gila fUj;ij $wpatu; (My;gpul; u];]y; thyR)
12. lhu;tpd; ek;gpf;if nfhz;l nfhs;if (ru;t gpwg;Gf; nfhs;if)
13. gupzhkj;ij elj;Jtpf;Fk; Ie;J fhuzpfis gupzhkr; nraw;ghq;F vDk; E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;ltu;
( [p.vy;. ];nlgpd;];)
14. Xu; ,dj; njhFg;gpy; mike;Js;s [Pd;fs; ([Pd; FOkk;)
15. capupdj; njhif kugpaYf;Fk;> etPdg; gupzhkf; Nfhl;ghLfSf;Fk; mbg;gilahdJ
(`hu;btPd; ngu;f; tpjp)
16. kugpa efu;T Nfhl;ghl;il ntspapl;ltu; (1930 - rPtd; iul;)
17. Xu; rpwpa capupdj; njhFg;gpy; kugZtpd; njhlu; Njhd;wy; gw;wpaJ
(kugpa efu;T (m) rpty;iul; tpisT)
18. rPrh fOj;J tpisT vdg;gLtJ (kugpa efu;T (m) rPty;iul; tpisT)
19. Ntw;wpl rpw;wpdq;fis ,jw;F cjhuzkhf $wyhk;. (,e;jpa> ,yq;if tho; jtisfs;)
20. gy;YUtikg;Gf;F cjhuzk; ( fjpu; mupths; tbt ,uj;j Nrhif)
21. Gjpa khWgl;l [Pdf
; spd; Kyk; [Pd; FOkj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jk; fhuzp (kugZ khw;wk; (m)
jpBu; khw;wk;)
22. cly; mikg;Gfs;> Rw;Wr;#oy; mikg;GfSf;fhd Nju;TKiw (epiyg;gLj;Jk; Kiw)
23. Rw;Wr;#oypy; gbg;gbahfj; Njhd;Wk; khWjy;fSf;F Vw;g mikAk; Nju;TKiw
(,yf;F Nehf;fpa Kiw)
24. xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l clyikg;G Kiwfis mDkjpf;Fk; ,aw;ifj; Nju;T (cilg;G Kiw)
25. fjph;mupths; ,uj;jNrhif ve;j ,d kf;fspy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLfpwJ? ------(Mg;gphpf;f ePf;Nuh)
26. ghpzhkj;jpd; mbg;gil epfo;thf fUjg;gLtJ -----(kugZkhw;wk;)

NkYk; rpy tpdhf;fs;

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

tpe;jZf;fs; Nrkpf;fg;gLk; ,lk; ------------(vgpilbkp];)

nghpa ,uj;j nts;isaZ -----------( khNdhirl;) rpwpa ,uj;j nts;isaZ ------(ypk;Nghirl;)
jhJ fye;j fhh;l;bfha;Lfspy; Kf;fpakhdJ ---------------(My;Nlh];Buhd;)
FSf;Nfhfhh;l;bfha;Lfspy; Kf;fpakhdJ---------( fhh;l;bNrhd;)
Neha;jLg;ghw;wiy mspg;gJ ------------(itl;lkpd; rp)
gpj;j fw;fs; vtw;why; Mdit? -------(nfhy];l;uhy;)
%r;R rpw;wiwapy; Mf;]pIdpd; gFjp mOj;jk; (PO2) ----------(100mm. Hg)
my;rpkpah; NehAld; njhlh;GilaJ ----------(ngU%is Gwzpg;gFjp nraypog;G)
34

9. ,d;Rypd; `hh;Nkhdpy; mlq;fpAs;s mkpNdh mkpyq;fspd; vz;zpf;if---------(51)

10. ve;j itl;lkpd; Fiwghl;lhy; fz;zpd; fUikg; gFjpapy; ntz;Gs;sp Njhd;Wk;-----(itl;lkpd; V)
11. vt;tif vYk;G Kwptpdhy; NfL tpistpf;Fk; fpUkpfs; clypw;Fs; EioAk; mghak; cz;L? --(jpwe;j KwpT)
12. kuz tpiug;gpd; NghJ jirfspy; cs;s Gujj;ij mopf;Fk; nghUs; ---------------(iyNrhNrhk;fspd;
vd;i]k;fs;)
13. Ukhl;bf; ,ja Neha; vjdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ?----------(bunlhfhf ghf;Bhpahf;fs; jhf;Ftjhy;)
14. vjdhy; `Pkl;Nlhkh cz;lhfpwJ?--------------------- (vYk;G KwpT)
15. ve;j xd;W ngwg;gLk; epwf;Fiwghl;bw;F cjhuzk; ------( fjphpaf;f Njhy; Neha;> FzkhFk;
fhaq;fs;> njhONeha;)
16. ghy; Gujk; kPJ nray;gLk; nehjp ----(Nudpd;)
17. %is jz;Ltl jputj;ij Ruf;Fk; %isapd; gFjp------------(Nfhuha;L gpsf;r];)
18. neg;uhdpd; vf;Foypy; ePh;> FSf;Nfh];> Nrhbak;> gh];Ngl; kw;Wk; igfhh;gNdl; Nghd;wit
cwpQ;rg;gLfpwJ------------(mz;ik RUz;lf;Foy;)
19. xt;nthU jirehhpYk; fhzg;gLk; nky;ypa ,iofspd; vz;zpf;if--------(4 20)
20. gpsh];Nkhbaj;jpd; ghy; ,dg;ngUf;fKiw tho;f;if Row;rp vq;F eilngWfpwJ?----(ngz;
mNdhgPy]; nfhRtpd; clypy;)
21. fhyh mrh; cUthf;FtJ ---------(yP]N
; kdpah NlhNdhthdp)
22. vd;bNuhlhf;]pid cUthf;FtJ---------(tpg;hpNah fhyNu)
23. vr;. I. tp apd; mikg;G -------------(cUz;il)
24. Kjy; epiy epzePhpa cWg;G---------(ijk]; Rug;gp> vYk;G k[;i[> Ngg;Hprpa]; ig)
25. jPtpu xUq;fpize;j jilf;fhg;G FiwT(SCID) cUthff; fhuzk;----------(mbNdhrpd; B mkpNd];
FiwghL)
26. ,k;ANdhFNshGypd; %yf;$W xU------- (fpisNfhGujk;)
27. Guj nra;jpapaypy; mkpNdh mkpyq;fspd; thpiraikg;gpid thrpf;f cjTtJ ----( jhdpaf;fq;fp rPNfhNdl;lh);
28. vhpj;Nuhgpsh];bf; mdPkpah vdg;gLtJ ---------(jyhrPkpah)
29. 19>20 tJ FNuhNkhNrhk; njhFjp ------ (F)
30. xU caphpapd; b.vd;.V %yf;$wpid vyf;l;NuhNghhprp]; Kiwapy; gphpf;fg;gLk;NghJ mjd;
%yf;$Wfs; ---------Nehf;fp efUk;. (Neh; kpd; Kidia)
31. Gtpntg;g Mw;wy; vt;tbtp. ngwg;gLfpwJ ----------(ePuhtp)
32. xU tUlj;jpw;F fpl;ljl;l vl;L Kiw ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;Ak; kPd; vJ? (jpNyg;gpah)
33. njhlh;e;j mrhjhuz nts;isaZf;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfhpg;G---------(Y}f;fPkpah)
34. <.rp.[p. apy; Neh;kiw miy ----------- (P.R.T.) vjph;kiw miy -----(Q.S)
35. xU rhjhuz <.rp.Ip.apy; Ie;J miyfs; fhzg;gLk;. mit ,lkpUe;J tykhf -----(P.Q.R.S.T)
36. E.C.G. apy; P miyapd; fhy msT ----------- (0.1 tp)
37. Nfhopf; FQ;R tsh;g;gfj;jpd; jiuNky; gLf;ifapd; jbkd;--------(5 - 7;. 5)
38. rpl;lfhq; mjpf mstpy; fhzg;gLtJ--------(Nkw;F tq;fhsk;)
39. bg;sha;LNfkpl;L ,ayghd N`g;sha;L NfkPl;Lld; ,iztjhy; Vw;gLk;
FNuhNkhNrhk;fspd; epiy ------------ (gd;kbak;)
40. epNahlhh;tpdpr nfhs;ifia Mjhpj;jth;fs;-------( T.H. `f;rpyp> M\h fpNu> E.n`f;Nfy;)

35