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Grede Jednostavni Nosaci Proračun
Grede Jednostavni Nosaci Proračun
x
a
q
Mx
Tx
q
Mx
Tx
Tx
Mx
Tx
Mx
Sile u presjeku x dobivaju se analizom ravnotee dijela grede lijevo ili desno od presjeka.
P
MO
Mx
A
0<x<a
Tx = A ; M x = A x
Tx
P
a < x < (a + b)
Mx
A
Tx = A P
M x = A x P (x a )
Tx
(a + b ) < x < (a + b + c)
Mx
A
Tx = A P q ( x a b)
Tx
M x = A x P (x a ) q
Tx
Mx
MO
( a + b + c) < x < ( a + b + c + d )
Tx = B
M x = B (l x ) + M O
Tx
Mx
( l e) < x < l
Tx - dijagram
A
P
q.c
Mx - dijagram
Mmax
( x a b) 2
2
MO
Tx = B
M x = B (l x )
Fx = 0 :
B
L/2
L/2
L
MB = 0 : Ay L + P = 0
2
P
0
A y = A0 = P
2
B =P/2
A =P/2
Nx
Ax = 0
Tx
Mx
L
MA = 0 : B L P = 0
2
B = B0 = P
2
dTx
= p x ;
dx
d 2M x
dx 2
dM x
= Tx
dx
= p x
Mmax=P L/4
Fx = 0 :
B
a
b
L
Nx
Tx
Mx
+
Mmax=Pab/L
Ax = 0
MB = 0 : Ay L + P b = 0
A y = A0 = P b
L
MA = 0 : B L P a = 0
B = B0 = P a
L
A
0
A =P
B
a
Fx = 0 :
M B = 0 : A y L + P a + P (L a ) = 0
B =P
Ax = 0
A y = A0 = P
M A = 0 : B L P a P (L a ) = 0
Tx
B = B0 = P
Tx - antisimetrian dijagram
Mx
Mx - simetrian dijagram
M=Pa
B
a
b
L
M/L
M/L
Tx
M/L
M/L
Mx
Ma/L
+
Mb/L
L
MB = 0 : A0 L + q L = 0
2
A0 =
qL
2
M A = 0 : B0 =
qL
2
L
0
A =q L/2
B =q L/2
Tx
Tx = A 0 q x =
Mx
+
M max
Tx = 0
(L 2) 2 q L2
qL L
=
q
=
2
8
2 2
B
q
L/2
L/2
qL
4
q(L/2) /8
2
q(L/2) /8
2
q(L/2) /8
qL
4
Tx dijagram - simetrian
Mx
q(L/2)2 /8
Tmax/ min =
M A = 0 : B0 =
q
Tx
qL
4
M B = 0 : A0 =
B =q L/4
A =q L/4
qL
qx
M x = A0x q x x =
x qx x =
(L x )
2
2
2
2
Mx - simetrian
Mmax= qL2/8
qL /8
qL
qx = q L x
2
2
Tx - antisimetrian
M max/ min =
q (L 2) 2
8
Mx dijagram - antisimetrian
B
L/2
L/2
p/2
Superpozicija:
Nesimetrino optereenje =
simetrino +
antisimetrino
3
M B = 0 : A0 = p L
8
1
M A = 0 : B0 = p L
p/2
p/2
Tx
3L/8
L/4
Mx
2
pL /16
9pL /128
Tx = 3 p L p x
8
p(L/2)2/8
p(L/2)2/8
parabola 2
px
Mx = 3 p L x
2
8
M max :
dM x
3L
= 0 Tx = 0 x =
dx
8
3 L p 3 L 2
M max = 3 p L
8
8 2 8
M max = 9 p L2
128
Zadano optereenje:
q
L
a=2L/3
b=L/3
MA = 0 :
Kontrola:
Qx
px
A
2x/3
x/3
Mx
px = q x
L
B = 2Q = 1qL
3
3
Fy = A + B Q = 0
U presjeku na udaljenosti x
ekvivalentno optereenje:
2
Qx = 1 px x = 1 q x
2
2
L
Tx
Fy = 0 Tx = A Q x
A
Tx
+
x =L
B
Q
L/2
1
Mx = 0 Mx = A x Qx x
3
qL
Mx =
x 1 ( x L) 2
6
M - dijagram - kubna parabola
tg A = dM = Tx = A = Q b = 1 qL
dx
L 6
tg B = dM = Tx = B = Q a = 1 qL
dx
L
3
L/2
Mx
Mmax
Qab/L = pL /9
qL
1 3( x L) 2
6
T - dijagram - kvadratna parabola
leaj A: dT = p A = 0 = tg A
dx
dT
leaj B:
= p B = q = tg B
dx
Tx =
za M max :
dM x
=0
dx
Tx = 0 1 3 ( x L) 2 = 0
x = L = 0.577 L
3
M max = M x ( x = 0.577 L)
M max = 1 q L2
9 3
Trokutno optereenje
q
M x = Tx dx + M x = 0 =
0
2/3 . L/2
L/2
2/3 . L/2
L/2
L
4 x3 + 0 =
x
L2 3
qL
4
q L 4 x2
x 1
4 3 L2
Maksimalni moment:
Tx = 0
A
Tx
+
Mx
Mmax
px = 2q x
L
Zadano optereenje:
Ekvivalentno optereenje: Q = 1 q L
4
Reakcije:
A = B = 1 qL
4
x
Tx = p x dx + Tx = 0 =
0
q 2
=2 x
L 2
=
x
0
+ 1 qL =
4
qL
1 4 ( x L) 2
4
x=L
2
M max = 1 q L2
12
Konzola
P
MA A
MA A
L
A=P
Tx=0
Tx
A
Mx
MA=M
Mx
MA=P L
Desna konzola
Lijeva konzola
MA
MA
L
A=qL
A=qL
Tx
Tx
Mx
2
qL /8
MA=qL /2
Mx
qL /8
qL /2
Greda s prepustima
P
q
A
Superpozicija:
q
Mmax= qL /8
qL /8
+
P
q
A
qa /2
qa /2
P.b
P.b
Mx
glavni nosa
Primjer:
Lp
P1
P2
P3
p21
p32
B
B
p22
p11
p12
P1
QA
P2
Q1
Q2
Q2
Q1
Q1
QB
QB
Q1
QA
Q2
P3
Q2
2
B
QA
Q2
Q1
1
QB
M 2 = A (1 + 2 ) Q A (1 + 2 ) Q1 + Q1 2 = (1 + 2 ) (A Q A ) Q1 2
ili
M1 = A 1 P1 p11 P2 p 21
M 2 = A (1 + 2 ) P1 p12 P2 p 22 P3 p 32
p (L p 3 )2
2
Q2 = Q2 + Q2
Q1 = Q1 + Q1
+
+
+
Q1
Q2
Primjer 2
l
L
+
+
+
A=P b / L
B=P a / L
M
M =Pab/L
M =Pab/L
Mx na gredi AB +
Mx na gornjem tapu
Mx na gredi AB +
0
Mx na gornjem tapu
M
+
0
q
L1
L2
L3
M
+
qL12/8
+ qL3 /8
qL2 /8
GERBEROV NOSA
q
L1
L2
qL1 /8
L3
qL2 /8
+ qL3 /8
D
L
B D
a=0.207 L
T
qL/2 +
0.707 qL
0.707 qL
qL/2
M
qL
8
qL
8
qL
8
B D
1
B E
1
F
2
A
D
2
1
E
C
2
3
A
B E
F
1
P1
P2
q1
1
AV
BH
q2
C 2
BV
CV
DV
EV
lijevo
=0
lijevo
=0
lijevo
=0
M1
M2
M = 0
M3
desno
=0
desno
=0
desno
=0
M1
ili
M2
M3
P2
q1
B
q2
P1
P2
1. NIVO
AV
Q1
q1
Q1
B
BV
Q2
Q3
Q2
Q3
C
CV
q2
D
DV
2. NIVO
E
EV
q1
MA
P2
q2
D
D
C
MA
P1
T
A
P1
Poligonalne grede
Poluokvirna greda izloena uspravnom optereenju
g(x)
preka
B
stup
A
L
0
Primjer:
F
1.5F
q=2F/L
C
L/4
F
0.5F
B
L/4
0.5F
L/2
1.5F
B = 1.5F
h
T
A
L
0
A = 1.5F
3FL
8
+
q(L/2)
8
N
Mp
vor C
1.5F
FL
2
Np
Tp
Ts
Ms
Ns
Np = Ts = 0
Tp = Ns = 1.5F
Mp = Ms = 0
1.5F
B = 1.5F
w=F/h
T
AV = 1.5F
A
AH = 2F
2F
L=h
1.5Fh
1.5Fh
N
+
+
Mp
1.5F
vor C
Np
Tp
Ts
Ms
Ns
ravnotea vora C:
F
Ns = 1.5F
Tp = 1.5F
Ts = F
wh
8
q=4F/L
F
B
C
L/6
L/6
F
F
h=L/2
B = 2F
s
co
2F
L/6
L
0
A = 2F
FL
2
+
N
q(L/2)
8
sin
2F
vor C
Tk
Nk
Mp
Np
Tp
Mk
Np = 0 , Nk = 0
Tp = 0 , Tk = 0
Mp = Mk = FL/2
FL
3
2F
Portalna greda
g(x)
D
A
L
wh
wh
wh
wh
AV = wh
A
AH = 2wh
L=h
B = wh
wh
2wh
3wh
2
wh
wh
2
3wh
2
wh
2
wh
8
wh
8
M
wh
wh
Tp
Mp
vor C
Np
Np
Np
vor D
Mp
Np
Tp
Ts
Ms
Ns
Tp
Ns
Ts
Tp
Ns
Ts
Ts
Ms
Ns