Fatigue Failure

Theories: Fatigue
Criteria
Design 1
Mechanical Engineering Faculty
Engineering Division
Universidad Santo Toms
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Types of fatigue loading

Fluctuating

Fully
Reversed

Repeated

max min
m
2

max min
a
2

r max min

Mean stress

Alternating
stress

Range
of stress

Effect of Mean Stress

S 'f

m 0
m 0
m 0
N

Notch Sensitivity (q)

from eFatigue website

K f 1 qKt 1

from Budinas-Nisbett, p.1010

4P
n

;

t
d2
n

Notch Sensitivity (q)

q

a:

a
1
r

Axial and bending loads

a K f

: Notch radius [in]

Torsion loads

a K f

n
a

m K fm

Neuber Constant [in0.5]

n
m

n
a

m K fms mn
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Notch Sensitivity (q)

Reversed Bending or Axial loads

Reversed Torsion Loads

From Budynas-Nisbett, pg. 287-288

Only for steels (english units):

a 0.245799 0.307794 102 Sut 0.150874 104 Sut2 0.266978 107 Sut3
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Mean Stress Concentration

Factor
K fm

K fms

K
f
n
Sy K fa

K
fs
n
S

ys
fs a

n
if K f max
Sy
n
if K f max
Sy
n
n
if K f max
min
2S y
n
if K fs max
S ys
n
if K fs max
S ys
n
n
if K fs max
min
2S ys
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Fatigue Strength Surface

From Norton, pg. 358

Fatigue Criteria
a m Sy
2

m 1
S e Sut

a
Se

m
Sut

a
Se

m
Sy

a m

1
S
S
e ut

Adapted from Budynas-Nisbett, pg. 297

Modified Goodman Diagram

FAILURE
ZONE
N<1
SAFETY
ZONE

N>1

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Modified Goodman Diagram

L: Load point

OF S a
Nf

OL a

F: Failure point

Se Sut
Nf
Se m Sut a

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General analysis procedure

START

Determine N

No

The material
has infinite life?

Yes

Se Cload Csize Csurface

S n Cload Csize Csurface

Ctemp Creliab Se'

Ctemp Creliab S n'

S f aN b
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General analysis procedure

torsion?

Yes

a K fs an

No

m K fsm mn
Yes

bending?

a K f an

No

m K fm mn
axial?
No

Yes

a axial K f axial an axial

m axial K fm axial mn axial
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General analysis procedure

von M ises Stresses

12

'
2
a axial
a a
3 a
0.85

m m axial 3
'
m

Nf

S f Sut
S f m Sut a

2
m

12

END

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Resume

Types of fatigue loading:

Fluctuating
Fully

reversed
Repeated

max min
max min
m
; a
2
2

Mean Stress Effect:

Sf if m< 0
Sf if m> 0
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Resume

Notch Sensitivity: q

1
a
1
r

K f 1
Kt 1

Always

try to avoid localized plastic strain at notches.

If you cant, use Kfm expressions or, conservatively,
set Kfm = 1.

Se
Se nothed
Kf
from eFatigue website

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Resume

Fatigue Criteria:
Gerber

Goodman
ASME-elliptic
Soderberg

Factor of safety (Modified Goodman):

Se Sut
Nf
Se m Sut a
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References

Norton, R.L. Machine Design: an integrated

approach. 3rd ed, 2006.
Budynas and Nisbett. Shigleys Mechanical
Engineering Design. 8th ed, 2006.
Urugal, A.C. Mechanical Design. 2004.
eFatigue Website.
https://www.efatigue.com/

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any questions?

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