2TEMA Metode cu diferente finite

Oprea Ionut (grupa 933)

y 0 0

y x 2 x y

4. Se da ecuatia:
cu conditia initiala:
. Sa
se calculeze solutia ei in y(0.8) folosind o metoda Runge-Kutta si
un pas h = 0.2. Sa se compare rezultatul cu solutia exacta:

y e x x 2 x 1.

k1 = f (xi,yi)
h
h
k2 = f (xi + 2 , yi + k1 2 )
k3 = f (xi +

h
h
,
y
+
k
)
i
2 2
2

k4 = f (xi + h, yi + k3h )
yi+1 = yi +

k1
k2
k3
k4

=
=
=
=

h
6 (k1 + 2 k2 + 2k3 + k4)

pentru i = 0, x0 = 0 si y0 = 0
f
f
f
f

(x0,y0) = f(0,0) = 02 + 0 0 = 0
(x0 + 0.1 ; y0 + 0.1 0) = 0.12 + 0.1 0 = 0.11
(x0 + 0.1 ; y0 + 0.1 0.11) = 0.12 + 0.1 0.011 = 0.099
(x0 + 0.2 ; y0 + 0.2 0.099) = 0.22 + 0.2 0.0198 = 0.2202

y1 = y (0.2) = y0 +

h
6 (k1 + 2 k2 + 2k3 + k4) = 0 +

0.099 + 0.2202)
y (0.2) = 0.02127333
-

pentru i = 1, x1 = 0.2 si y1 = 0.02127333

0.2
6 (0 + 2 0.11 + 2

k1 = f (x1,y1) = f(0.2 ; 0.02127333) = 0.22 + 0.2 0.02127333 =

0.21872666
k2 = f (x1 + 0.1 ; y1 + 0.1 0.21872666) = 0.32 + 0.3 0.04314599 =
0.346854
k3 = f (x1 + 0.1 ; y1 + 0.1 0.346854) = 0.32 + 0.3 0.05595873 =
0.33404126
k4 = f (x1 + 0.2 ; y1 + 0.2 0.33404126) = 0.42 + 0.4 0.08808158 =
0.47191841
y2 = y (0.4) = y1 +

h
6 (k1 + 2 k2 + 2k3 + k4) = 0.02127333 +

0.2
6

(0.21872666 +
2 0.346854 + 2 0.33404126 + 0.47191841)
y (0.4) = 0.08968785

pentru i = 2, x2 = 0.4 si y2 = 0.08968785

k1 = f (x2,y2) = f(0.4 ; 0.08968785) = 0.42 + 0.4 0.08968785 =

0.47031215
k2 = f (x2 + 0.1 ; y2 + 0.1 0.47031215) = 0.52 + 0.5 0.13671906 =
0.61328093
k3 = f (x2 + 0.1 ; y2 + 0.1 0.61328093) = 0.52 + 0.5 0.15101594 =
0.59898405
k4 = f (x2 + 0.2 ; y2 + 0.2 0.59898405) = 0.62 + 0.6 0.209948466 =
0.75051533
h
0.2
y3 = y (0.6) = y2 + 6 (k1 + 2 k2 + 2k3 + k4) = 0.08968785+ 6
(0.47031215 +
2 0.61328093 + 2 0.59898405 + 0.75051533)
y (0.6) = 0.21119976
-

pentru i = 3, x3 = 0.6 si y3 = 0.21119976

k1 = f (x3,y3) = f(0.6 ; 0.21119976) = 0.62 + 0.6 0.21119976 =

0.74880023
k2 = f (x3 + 0.1 ; y3 + 0.1 0.74880023) = 0.72 + 0.7 0.28607978 =
0.90392021
k3 = f (x3 + 0.1 ; y3 + 0.1 0.90392021) = 0.72 + 0.7 0.30159178 =
0.88840821
k4 = f (x3 + 0.2 ; y3 + 0.2 0.88840821) = 0.82 + 0.8 0.3888814 =
1.05111859

y4 = y (0.8) = y3 +

h
6 (k1 + 2 k2 + 2k3 + k4) = 0.21119976 +

0.2
6

(0.74880023 +
2 0.90392021 + 2 0.88840821 + 1.05111859)
y (0.8) = 0.39068561
yexact (0.8) = - e-0.8 + 0.82 0.8 + 1 = 0.39067103
Eroarea : = 100

y ( 0.8 ) y exact ( 0.8 )

y exact ( 0.8 )

= 3.73 10-3 %

y 0 0

y 1 y

5. Se da ecuatia:
cu conditia initiala:
. Sa se
calculeze valoarea lui y(1) folosind metoda Adams-Bashforth (ord
y 0 y 0 0, y1 y 0.2 0.181
2) si un pas h = 0.2,
. Sa se compare
rezultatul cu solutia exacta:

y 1 e x .

yi+1 = yi +

h
2 (3 fi fi-1)

fi = f (xi,yi)
-

pentru i = 1

f1 = f (x1,y1) = f (0.2 ; 0.181) = 1 0.181 = 0.819

f0 = f (x0,y0) = f (0 ; 0) = 1 0 = 1
y2 = y (0.4) = y1 +

h
2 (3 f1 f0) = 0.181 + 0.1 (3 0.819 1) =

0.3267
-

pentru i = 2

f2 = f (x2,y2) = f (0.4 ; 0.3267) = 1 0.3267 = 0.6733

f1 = 0.819
y3 = y (0.6) = y2 +
0.44679

h
2 (3 f2 f1) = 0.3267 + 0.1 (3 0.6733 0.819) =

pentru i = 3

f3 = f (x3,y3) = f (0.6 ; 0.44679) = 1 0.44679 = 0.55321

f2 = 0.6733
h
2 (3 f3 f2) = 0.44679 + 0.1 (3 0.55321

y4 = y (0.8) = y3 +
0.6733) = 0.545423
-

pentru i = 4

f4 = f (x4,y) = f (0.8 ; 0.545423) = 1 0.545423 = 0.454577

f3 = 0.55321
y5 = y (1) = y4 +

h
2 (3 f4 f3) = 0.545423 + 0.1 (3 0.454577

0.55321) = 0.6264751
yexact (1) = 1 e-1 = 0.63212055
y ( 1 ) y exact ( 1 )

Eroarea : = 100

y exact ( 1 )

6. Se da ecuatia:

= 0.893 %

y '' 4 xy ' y 2 y 2 0

y 0 1, y 0 0.

cu conditiile initiale:

Folosind metoda Euler si un pas h = 0.1 sa se

calculeze: y(0.5) si y(0.5).
Notam x = z1
y = zz
y = z3
z = F (z) =

z (0) =

[ ][

z3
z 2' =
2
'
2 z2 4 z 1 z2 z 3
z3

[ ][]
z 2 (0) = 1
z 3 (0) 0

z (0.1) = z (0) + h F (z(0)) =

1
[ 10]+0.1 [2 1 40 0.1 1 0]=[0.2
]
2

0.2

0.2
z (0.2) = z (0.1) + h F (z(0.1)) =

2 124 0.2 1 =

0.96
[0.384
]

1 +0.1
[0.2
]
0.384

0.384
z (0.3) = z (0.2) + h F (z(0.2)) =

2 0.9624 0.1 0.96 = 0.9216

0.524
0.96 + 0.1
0.384

z (0.4) = z (0.3) + h F (z(0.3)) =

0.524

0.524
2 0.921624 0.1 0.9216 = 0.8692
0.6166
0.9216 +0.1
0.524

z (0.5) = z (0.4) + h F (z(0.4)) =

0.6166
0.8692 +0.1
= 0.8075
2
0.6166
2 0.8692 4 0.1 0.8692 (0.6166) 0.6605

] [

y (0.5) = 0.8075
y (0.5) = - 0.6605

][