Statics

Prof Schierle 1
REACTI ON
Statics
Prof Schierle
Force vs. Moment
1 Force (vertical)
2 Force (horizontal)
Force is an action that tends to:
change the shape of an object
move an object
change the motion of an object
US units: # (pound), kip (1 k=1000 #)
SI units: N (Newton), kN (kilo-Newton=1000
3 Moment
An action that tends to:
rotate an object
turn an object
bend an object (bending moment)
M = P L (Force x lever arm)
(lever arm perpendicular to force)
US units: #, k, #, k
SI units: N-m (Newton-meter), kN-m
Statics
Prof Schierle
Static Equilibrium
H = 0 (Sum of horizontal forces = 0)
1
- 100 + 100 = 0
2
V = 0 (Sum of vertical forces = 0)
-100 100 + 200 = 0
3
M = 0 (Sum of moments = 0)
Left: M = -50# x 8 = - 400 #
Right: M = 200# x 2 = +400 #
- 400 + 400 = 0
Equilibrium equations are essential
for structural design and analysis
+
Statics
Prof Schierle
Horizontal component
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Equilibrium equations

Newton)

H = 0
V = 0
define
Diagonal forces
by
Horizontal component
Vertical component
Statics
Prof Schierle 5
Beam supports
1 Pin supports at both ends
subject to bending ANDtension
under load (like a suspended cable)
This support is statically indeterminate
and complex to analyze
2 Left support: roller
right support: pin
subject to bending under load
(simply supported)
3 Most wood beams are considered
simply supported (one roller & one pin)
wood walls are flexible to act like roller
Statics
Prof Schierle 6
Beam supports
1 Roller support
Free in X-direction
Fixed in Y-direction
Free in rotation
2 Pin support
Fixed in X-direction
Fixed in Y-direction
Free in rotation
3 Fixed support
Fixed in X-direction
Fixed in Y-direction
Fixed in rotation
Y
X
Diagrams: Symbols:
Statics
Prof Schierle 7
Reactions
The following examples illustrate use of the three equations of
statics to find horizontal, vertical and moment reactions.
1 Weight lifter: P = 400#, L = 6
V = 0, +
R P = 0,
R = P R = 400 #
M = 0
P L M = 0
M = P L = 400 x 6 M = 2,400 #
2. Flag pole: L = 20, W = 80# (wind load on flag)
H = 0 +
W H = 0
H = W H = 80 #
M = 0
W L+M=0, M=-WL=-80x20
M = -1,600 #
3 Tow truck: P = 2k, C = 7, L = 10
Ma = 0
Rb L - P C = 0,
Rb = P C / L = 2 x 7 / 10 Rb = 1.4 k

Mb = 0
Ra L - P (C+L) = 0
Ra = P (C+L) /L = 2 (7+10) / 10 Ra = +3.4 k
Check
V = 0
V = 0 = +3.4 1.4 2
V = 0
Note: The lever arm is always perpendicular to load
A negative answer implies the arrow should be reversed
Rb pointing downward is provided by truck weight
a b
Ra Rb
Statics
Prof Schierle 8
Beam reactions
To find reactions for asymmetrical beams:
Draw an abstract beam diagram to illustrate computations
Use M = 0 at one support to find reaction at other support
Verify results for vertical equilibrium
1 Roof framing
2 Abstract beam diagram
Assume:
DL = 10 psf
LL = 20 psf
= 30 psf
Uniform beam load:
w = 30 psf x 2 w = 60 plf
Substitute total beam load for uniform load at its centroid
Total beam load
W = w L = 60 (12+4) W = 960#
Support reactions:
Mb = 0
12 Ra 4 W = 0
Ra = 4 x 960 / 12 Ra = 320#
Ma = 0
8 W 12 Rb = 0
12 Rb = 8 x 960
Rb = 8 x 960 / 12 Rb = 640#
Check
V = 0 +
Ra + Rb W= 320 + 640 960 = 0
V = 0
W
=
9
6
0
#
Statics
Prof Schierle 9
Beam Reactions
1 Beam with point loads
Assume: P = 1.2 k
R = 5 P / 2 = 5 x 1.2 / 2 R = 3 k
2 Beam with overhang and point loads
Assume: P = 2 k
Mb = 0 +
12 Ra2x162x122x8-2x4 = 0
Ra = (32 + 24 + 16 + 8) / 12 Ra = 6.67 k
Ma = 0 +
-12 Rb2x4+2x4+2x8+2x12 = 0

Rb = (2 x 8 + 2 x 12) / 12 Rb = 3.33 k
Check
V = 0 +
6.67 + 3.33 5 x 2
V = 0
3 Beam with uniform load and point load (wall)
Assume: w = 100 plf, P = 800 #
Mc = 0 +
16 Ra 100x16x8 800x12+800x0 = 0
Ra = (100x16x8 + 800x12) / 16 Ra = 1,400 #
Ma = 0 +
-16 Rc + 100x16x8 + 800x4 + 800x16 = 0
Rc = (100x16x8 + 800x4 + 800x16) / 16
Rc = 1800 #
Check
V = 0 +
1400+1800100x16800-800
V = 0
Statics
Prof Schierle 10
= 4 = 16
C = 4
L = 16
X
1
= (4+16)/2-4
X
1
= 6
X
2
= (4+16) / 2 X
2
= 10
Beam reactions
Statics
Prof Schierle 11
4 16
10 10
6 10
Beam reactions
Beam with overhang
w = 100 plf
W = w (4+16)
W = 100 x 20 W = 2000#
Mc = 0
16 Rb 10 W= 0
16 Rb 10 x 2000 = 0
16 Rb = 10 x 2000
Rb = 10 x 2000 / 16 Rb = 1,250#
Mb = 0
- 16 Rc + 6 x 2000 = 0
16 Rc = 6 x 2000
Rc = 6 x 2000 / 16 Rc = 750#
V = 0
1250 + 750 2000 = 0
V = 0, ok
Statics
Prof Schierle 12
Beam reactions
Beam with 2 overhangs
w = 200 plf
W = w (5+15+4)
W = 200 x 24 W = 4800#
Mc = 0
15 Rb 8 W= 0
15 Rb 8 x 4800 = 0

15 Rb = 8 x 4800
Rb = 8 x 4800 / 15 Rb = 2,560#
Mb = 0
- 15 Rc + 7 x 4800 = 0
15 Rc = 7 x 4800
Rc = 7 x 4800 / 15 Rc = 2,240#
V = 0
2560 + 2240 4800 = 0
V = 0, ok
5 4 15
12 12
7 8
Statics
Prof Schierle 13
Wood beams and j oi st s
Statics
Prof Schierle 14
St eel beams and j oi st s
Statics
Prof Schierle 15
Conc r et e beams and j oi st s