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Packers PDF
Packers PDF
Basic Overview
Applications and Selections of Packers
Setting Criteria and procedures
What is a Packer?
A packer is a tool used to form an annular seal
between two concentric strings of pipe or between
the pipe and the wall of the open hole.
A packer is usually set just above the producing
zone to isolate the producing interval from the
casing annulus or from producing zones elsewhere
in the wellbore.
Separates fluid types (or ownership), protects
against pressures and corrosion.
Seal
Inner Mandrel
Two examples:
Packer Considerations
Force on an area
Remember, its a
force balance.
Area down =
casing ID - tube OD
Area up =
tube x-section +
casing ID - tube OD
Permanent
Wireline Set
Sealbore
Hydraulic Set
Hydraulic Set
Hydrostatic Set
Single
Differential Set
Dual
Wireline Set
Hydraulic
Mechanical
Single Grip
Double Grip
Multiport
RMC
Mech. Slips
Hyd. Slips
ESP
Schlumberger
Retrievables
Seal bores
Inflatables
Wash Tools
Retrievable Packers
Expected to be retrieved
More prone to leaks
Need an equalizing port
Release mechanism must be possible with
well design
Retrievable Packers
Tension Set - Economical packer used in
production, injection, zone isolation applications
Compact
Simple J slot control for set and release
Shear ring secondary release
Right-hand safety joint emergency release
Rocker type slips
Can be set shallow
Weatherford
Weatherford
Compression set
RH rotation required to set, (LH option usually
available)
Available with or without Hydraulic hold down
buttons for differential pressure from below
By-pass needed for equalization of pressure, and for
running and retrieval without surging/swabbing the
well.
Weatherford
Retrievable Packers
Wireline set - Used in production, injection,
fracturing, zone isolation and remedial applications
where wireline setting is preferred
Weatherford
Deep Completions
Most typical is permanent packer with a
PBR (arrangement depends on personal
preferences, individual well configurations
and intended operations).
Seal assembly length dependent not only on
normal operations, but also fracturing, kill
and expected workovers.
Weatherford
Weatherford
Packer Considerations
Select seals for full range of expected
temperatures, pressures, and fluids.
Seal Bore
Packers
Nitrile Seal or
Viton Seal
Steel spacer
MOLDED SEAL
SINGLE UNIT
Molded Seals:
Recommended in medium pressure
applications where seal movement out
of the seal bore is anticipated.
Chevron Seals:
End spacer
Seal spacer
Middle spacer
Nitrile Seal or
Viton Seal
Weatherford
When deflating an inflatable packer, allow time (1 hr?) for relaxation of the elements. The
elements never shrink back to initial diameter allow about 30% increase in diameter for
retrieval.
Baker
Weatherford
Packer Seals
Packer Slips
HES
Halliburton
PAD-1, PADL-1
Schlumberger
(Camco)
Baker
Guiberson
AD-1
AL
R-3 Single Grip
Model G
RB
R-4
PR-3
Hydrow IIA
Arrowdrill B
Lockset, Max
J-Lok, MS
FH, FHL, FHS
Hydra-Pak
HS, HS-S
A-5
T-2
GT
Model D
F-1
MHS
MH-2
WPL
Perma-Lach
RH
PHL
AHR
RDH
BHD
Arrowdrill DB
Arrowdrill BH
DA, DAB
FA, FAB
SB-3
Arrowdrill DBH
SAB-3
MHR
Arrow-Pak
VTL (Versa-Trieve)
Hydrow-Pak
Retrieva-D, DB
WS, WSB
SC-1, SC-2
SC-2PAH
G-1, GT-1
H-1, HT-1
PG
PH
PG-1
PH-1
G-10
VHR (Versa-Trieve)
RSB
HP-1AH, SC-2PAH
HP/HT
EA Retrievamatic
HPHT (Versa-Trieve
Retrievable)
RTTS
Champ III, IV
CSTH, DLT
32A, Fullbore Tension
C Fullbore
BV Tension Packer
G Lock-Set
3L
RBP-VI
P-1
Mercury N, K-1
EZSV, EZ Drill
EZ Drill SVB
Fas-Drill, HCS
Type A
Quik-Drill
Hydrow-Pak
R-4
AWB
BWB
AWS
AWR
MHR
Uni-Packer I
Uni-Packer IV
Uni-Packer II
G-4
Uni-Packer V
SA-3
T Series
SR-2
U-3
CA-3, C Series
SR-1
Uni-Packer VI
G-6, G-16
Uni-Packer VII
G-77
RHS
Uni-XXVII
RHD
SOT-1
KH
Hydro-5
HRP
G, GT
H, HT
Model S
HDCH-V
Hydro-10
HSD
Model HS
Model HSB
M Omegatrieve
Quantum
Omegamatic
R-104
Small
diameters at
the top of the
well may
prevent entry
by some
packers.
Mixed
grades
and
weights
Monobore:
mixed
grades,
same
weight
Production Packers
Purposes
Packer Considerations
Seal stability
pressure, temperature, fluid reaction
Polished
Bore
Receptacle
(PBR)
Tubing
Sealbore
Receptacle
(TSR)
Locator
Anchor
Latch
Snap Latch
A stinger or seal
assembly that is run on the
end of tubing and stings
into the polished bore
receptacle (PBR) of the
packer.
oil
4
1
1
2
brine
1
1
1
1
H2S
1
4
4
3
CO2
2
2
1
2
Compound
Ryton(2), (4)
Fluorel(3)
Filled
Aflas(3)
Unfilled
Chemraz(3)
Unfilled
350
(177)
350
(177)
450
(232)
350
(177)
15,000
(103)
10,000
(68.9)
15,000
(103)
Service F
(C)
(2), (4)
Pressure
psi
(MPa)
Viton(3)
Filled Unfilled
(1)
Neoprene(3)
Filled
Nitrile(3)
Filled
Kalrez(3)
Filled
Teflon(3)
Filled Unfilled
325
(163)
300
(149)
275
(135)
450
(232)
400
(204)
325
(163)
Above
5000
(34.4)
Below
5000
(34.4)
5000
(34.4)
3000
(20.7)
15,000
(103)
15,000
(103)
5000
(34.4)
Environments
H2S
NR
NR
CO2
CH4 (Methane)
(Sweet Crude)
Xylene
NR
NR
Alcohols
Zinc Bromide
NR
NR
Inhibitors
NR
NR
NR
NR
Salt Water
Steam
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Diesel
NR
Hydrocarbons
A-Satisfactory
NOTE: (1)
B - Little or no effect
C - Swells
D - Attacks
NR - Not recommended
NT - Not tested
This information provides general guidelines for the selection of seal materials and is provided for informational purposes only. Seal Specialists with Halliburton Energy Services should be consulted for the actual selection of seals
for use in specific applications. Halliburton Energy Services will not be liable for any damage resulting from the use of this information without consultation with Halliburton Seal Specialists.
(2)
Contact Technical Services at Halliburton Energy Services - Dallas for service temperature and pressure.
(3)
(4)
There could be a slight variation in both temperature and pressure rating depending on specific equipment and seal designs.
(1)
(1)
(1)
START
STEAM/THERMAL
APPLICATION W/NO
HYDROCARBON FLUIDS
N Y
PERMANENT
PACKER DESIGN
PACKER
IN BROMIDE
TEMP
40F TO
325F
NITRILE ELEMENTS
W/STANDARD METAL BACKUPS
Y
TEMP
40F TO
400F
N
Y
TEMP
100F TO
400F
AFLAS ELEMENTS
W/STANDARD METAL BACKUPS
N
Y
TEMP
100F TO
450F
N
TEMP
GREATER THAN 450F
TEMP
40F TO
275F
PACKER
EXPOSED TO
BROMIDES?
RETRIEVABLE
PACKER
DESIGN
NITRILE ELEMENTS
W/BONDED GARTER SPRINGS
PACKER
ELEMENTS
EXPOSED TO AMINE
CORROSION
INHIBITORS?
Y
TEMP
40F TO
400F
FLUOREL ELEMENTS
W/BONDED GARTER SPRINGS
N
Y
N
TEMP
100F TO
400F
AFLAS ELEMENTS
W/BONDED GARTER SPRINGS
TEMP
GREATER THAN 400F
Y
NOTE: (1)
This information provides general guidelines for the selection of seal materials and is provided for informational purposes only. Seal
Specialists with Halliburton Energy Services should be consulted for the actual selection of seals for use in specific applications.
Halliburton Energy Services will not be liable for any damage resulting from the use of this information without consultation with Halliburton
Seal Specialists.
TEMP
LESS THAN 550F
TEMP
GREATER THAN 550F
Ballooning
Buckling:
A tubing movement calculator is the best method, but the difficulty is in
knowing accurate temperature changes and pressure changes.
Where:
F = temperature induced force
DTa = change in average temp of tubing, oF
40
50
60
70
80
90
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Tubing
130
Undisturbed
Tbg Fluid
2000
Tbg Fluid
2000
Casing 1
Tubing
Undisturbed
Casing 1
4000
4000
6000
6000
8000
8000
10000
10000
BHST= 122*F
12000
BHST= 125*F
12000
14000
14000
BHTT= 86*F
BHCT= 98*F
16000
16000
120
18000
Problem
Temperature Effect Only
Is a 6 ft seal assembly (effective seal length)
enough to keep the tubing from unseating when
the average temperature falls from 210oF to
100oF during a Frac job? L = 8000 ft.
Assume locator is shouldered but no downward
force is applied.
Problem
Temperature Effect Only
DL = 6.9 x 10-6 x 8000 x 110
DL = 6.1 ft unseats!
Temperature Extremes
The extremes of temperature change (higher
than normal) are usually seen in operations
involving cyclic thermal processes.
Lower than normal temperatures may be
seen in permafrost, sea floor penetrating and
CO2 operations.
Job Checks
Measurements from CCL to a packer
reference point.
Run in hole at about 100 fpm, slowing at ID
restrictions.
Using CCL/GR, log up and correlate depths
Set packer look for line weight reduction
Disconnect and log up a few collars (may
be slightly off depth after disconnecting).
Job Checks
Drop back and gently tag packer with
setting tool to confirm depth.
Log back up a few collars.
% Change in PI
10
0
-10
Perfs protected
by
2
LCM
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
SPE 26042
Typical Completions
Single and Dual Zone Completion Types
Retrievable Packer
Weatherford
Tension Set
Compression set
Wireline Set
Large Variety of
accessories available
Weatherford
Sliding Sleeve
Seal Bore Packer
Mill-Out Extension
Crossover Sub
Flow Coupling
Seating Nipple
Spacer Tube
Flow Coupling
No-Go Seating Nipple
Perforated Spacer Tube
Crossover Sub
Seating Nipple
Wireline Re-Entry Guide
Weatherford
Dependable
Low failure frequency
Generally permit larger flow IDs
Available as Permanent or Retrievable
Production string may be anchored or floating,
depending on tubing movement requirements
(anchored or shouldered is highly recommended)
Packer may be plugged, can be used as temporary
or permanent bridge plug
Permanent packers removed by milling operations
Retrievable Seal Bore Packers are removed in
separate trip with retrieval tool provided seals
will release.
Weatherford
Weatherford
Flow Coupling
Seating Nipple
Blast Joint
Polished Nipple
Flow Coupling
Sliding Sleeve
Seal Bore Packer
Seal Bore Extension
Seal Spacer Tube
Tubing Seal Nipples
Spacer Tube
Weatherford
Weatherford