Research Equipment Manual

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF DAMMAM
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Research Equipment Manual
Vice-Deanship of Research and Higher Studies

Scientific Research Unit
1437H -2015G
University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G
Contents
I)
Deans Message
Research Equipment Manual Committee Message
Basic Engineering Labs
I-A: Thermodynamics Laboratory
I-A-1: Subsonic Wind Tunnel
Page
IV
V
01
02
II)
Basic Sciences Labs

II-A: Physics Laboratory
II-A-1 : X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD)
II-A-2 : Hall-Effect Measurement System
II-A-3 : Spectrophotometer
II-A-4 : Ellipsometer
II-A-5 : Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA)
II-A-6 : Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy System
II-A-7 : Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy
II-A-8 : ND-YAG Laser
II-A-9 : X-Ray Fluorescence System (XRF)
II-A-10: Thin Film Thermal Evaporation System
03
04
04
04
05
05
06
07
08
08
09
09
III)
Biomedical Engineering Labs

III-A-1: Biomaterial Testing System - Instron E3000
III-A-2: Acoustic Intensity Measurement System AIMS III
with Soniq Software
III-A-3: ProtoMat S63 Rapid PCB Prototyping
III-A-4: X-Ray system-PHYWE
III-A-5: Compact AFM, Atomic Force Microscope
III-A-6: Magnetic Resonance Testing Unit-PHYWE
10
11
12
12
13
13
14
Page
IV)
Construction Engineering Labs

IV-A: Concrete & Structure Laboratory
IV-A-1 : Universal Testing Machine - Instron 600dx
IV-A-2 : Mortar Flexural Testing Machine
IV-A-3 : Concrete Compression and Flexural Testing Machine
IV-A-4 : Mortar Compression Testing Machine
15
16
16
17
17
IV-B: NONDestructive Testing Laboratory

IV-B-1 : Digi-schmidt 2000 Concrete Test Hammer
IV-B-2 : Vaisala Structural Humidity Measurement Kit shm40
IV-B-3 : Aqua Meter - James Instrument
IV-B-4 : PUNDIT Lab Ultrasonic Instrument
IV-B-5 : Rapid Chloride Permeability Test
IV-B-6 : Rebar Detector
18
18
18
19
19
20
20
IV-C: Soil and Pavement Laboratory

IV-C-1 : Speedy Moisture Tester
IV-C-2 : Sand Equivalent Apparatus
IV-C-3 : Digital Tri-axial Test Apparatus
IV-C-4 : Automatic Soil Compactor
IV-C-5 : CBR Test (California Bearing Ratio)
IV-C-6 : Semi-Automatic Cone Penetrometer
IV-C-7 : Los Angeles Abrasion Machine
IV-C-8 : Asphalt Centrifuge Extractors
IV-C-9 : Digital CBR and Marshall Test Machine
IV-C-10: Bending Beam Rheometer
IV-C-11: Thin-Film Oven Apparatus
IV-C-12: Gyratory Compactor
21
21
21
22
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
26
26
II
V) Environmental Engineering Labs

V-A-1 : Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
V-A-2 : Aethalometer
V-A-3 : Air Canisters
V-A-4 : Coriolis Bio-Sampler
V-A-5 : Dichotomous Air Sampler
V-A-6 : Laser Aerosol Spectrometer
V-A-7 : High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC )
V-A-8 : PM2.5 , High Volume Ambient Air Sampler
V-A-9 : Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
V-A-10: Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission
Spectrometry (ICP-OES)
V-A-11: TE-PNY1123, PUF Sampler, Volatile Organic
Sampler
III
Page
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Deans Message
Research is the core of education, especially in a College of Engineering. Even though

College of Engineering in University of Dammam UoD has been around for only seven
years, the research equipment and instruments that it accommodates are the best in
the area and are not duplicated. Research equipment and instruments will provide
potential
of
research
in
biomedical
engineering,
construction
engineering,
environmental engineering, and physics.

This manual aims to provide basic information about all equipment and instruments to
help researchers in UoD and outside UoD figure out how to utilize them. If interested
please e-mail engineering@uod.edu.sa .
Sincere thanks are due to UoD Rector, Dr. Abdallah Al-Rubaish and to UoD Vice-Rector
Dr. Fahd Al-Mehanna for supporting research in College of Engineering and for
providing all funds necessary to purchase these equipment and instruments.
Dean of College of Engineering

Abdulrahman Salih Hariri, PhD
1/1/1437H (14/10/2015G)
IV
Research Equipment Manual Committee Message
Over the past seven years, College of Engineering - University of Dammam (CoE-UoD)
developed a state-of-the-art research laboratories in the areas of Basic Sciences, Basic
Engineering, Construction Engineering, Environmental Engineering, and Biomedical
Engineering. The main aim of these laboratories is to increase the research capabilities
in UoD in particular and in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in general in order to improve
the Engineering Practices in engineering and healthcare industries.
The purpose of d this manual is to provide all the necessary details regarding research
facilities available within the CoE-UoD. It includes summarized details of all major
research equipment available in all departments within the college of engineering up
until autumn of 1436H (2015G).
Amro Owes Elsayed, PhD
: Coordinator of Vice-Deanship of Higher Studies &

Scientific Research
Tarek Kayed, PhD
: Chairman of Scientific Research Unit
Ijlal Shahrukh Ateeq, Lecturer: Member of Scientific Research Unit
I) Basic Engineering Laboratories
I-A: Thermodynamics Laboratory

I-A-1: Subsonic Wind Tunnel
Introduction:
An open-circuit subsonic wind tunnel for a wide range of
investigations is used for aerodynamics research areas. The
wind tunnel offers a comprehensive range of optional
models and instrumentation, including a computer-based
data acquisition system. A separate control and
instrumentation unit controls the speed of the axial fan (and
the air velocity in the working section). The control and
instrumentation unit also includes manometers and electrical
outlets to supply electrical power to other optional
instruments.
The working section of the tunnel is a square section with a
clear roof, sides and floor. The sides are removable. Each
side panel has a special position to support the optional
wind tunnel models. Supplied with the wind tunnel are a
protractor and a model holder to support and accurately
adjust the angle of any models fitted.
The tunnel is provided with Data Acquisition System which
allows accurate real-time data capture, monitoring, display,
calculation and charting of all relevant parameters on a
computer.
Applications
Flow past bluff and streamlined bodies with pressure
and velocity observations in the wake.
Investigations into boundary layer development.
Study of characteristics of models involving basic
measurement of lift and drag forces.
Study of the pressure distribution around an airfoil
model to derive the lift and comparison with direct
measurements of lift.
Flow visualization.
II) Basic Sciences Laboratories
II-A: Physics Laboratory

II-A-1: X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD)
Introduction:
X-ray diffraction analysis investigates structure through the
use of diffraction. When X-radiation interacts with the
electrons of a substance, the X rays are diffracted. The
diffraction pattern depends on the wavelength of the X rays
employed and on the structure of the object. Radiation of
wavelength ~ 1 angstrom (), that is, of the order of
atomic dimensions, is used to investigate atomic structure.
The methods of X-ray diffraction analysis are used to study,
for example, metals, alloys, minerals, inorganic and organic
compounds, polymers, amorphous materials, liquids, gases,
and the molecules of proteins and nucleic acids. X-ray
diffraction analysis has been used most successfully to
establish the atomic structure of crystalline substances
because crystals have a rigid periodicity of structure and
constitute naturally produced diffraction gratings for X rays.
Applications
Structural characterization of materials
used by
industry and in research labs
Quantification of strain and relaxation in multilayer
structures.
Solar cell industry
II-A-2: Hall-Effect Measurement System

Introduction:
The Hall effect provides a relatively simple method for
doing this. Because of its simplicity, low cost, and fast
turnaround time, it is an indispensable characterization
technique in the semiconductor industry and in research
laboratories. The discovery of the Hall effect enabled a
direct measure of the carrier density. The polarity of this
transverse Hall voltage proved that it is in fact electrons
that are physically moving in an electric current.
Development of the technique has since led to a mature
and practical tool, which today is used routinely for
characterizing the electrical properties and quality of almost
the entire semiconductor materials used by industry and in
research labs throughout the world.
Applications
Material characterization
Characterizing the electrical properties and quality of
almost the entire semiconductor materials used by
industry and in research labs
II-A-3: Spectrophotometer
Introduction:
Spectrophotometry
involves
the
use
of
a
spectrophotometer. A spectrophotometer is a photometer
(a device for measuring light intensity) that can measure
intensity as a function of the color, or more specifically, the
wavelength of light. There are many kinds of
spectrophotometers. Among the most important distinctions
used to classify them are the wavelengths they work with,
the measurement techniques they use, how they acquire a
spectrum, and the sources of intensity variation they are
designed to measure. Other important features of
spectrophotometers include the spectral bandwidth and
linear range.
Applications
Optical properties of Materials
Estimating dissolved organic carbon concentration.
Specific Ultraviolet Absorption for metric of aromaticity
Bial's Test for concentration of pentose's
II-A-4: Ellipsometer
Introduction:
Spectroscopic ellipsometers are the perfect tools for
measuring thin film thickness and optical constants (n and
k) with high accuracy for single and multiple layer thin film
structures. Thickness determinations range from a few
angstroms to tens of microns. Characterization of advanced
material properties are also possible such as: anisotropic
structures, graded and non-uniform layers, alloy
composition.
Applications
In semiconductor research and microelectronic
industries: characterizes thin film thickness, optical
constants, bandgap, crystallinity, interface and more of
multilayer structures on a large spectral range from
DUV to NIR
In material science for non-destructive thin film
characterization in material research:, characterizes
thin film thickness, optical constants and many other
material properties of nano and micro layers.
In Photovoltic: characterizes thin film photovoltaics.
Properties of interest are film thickness, refractive
index, absorption, bandgap and silicon crystallinity.
Optoelectronics: optoelectronic thin film structures
analysis such as LED. Film thickness, optical constants
and alloy composition are the properties of interest.
II-A-5: Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA)

Introduction:
Thermogravimetric analysis or thermal gravimetric analysis
(TGA) is a method of thermal analysis in which changes in
physical and chemical properties of materials are measured
as a function of increasing temperature (with constant
heating rate), or as a function of time (with constant
temperature and/or constant mass loss). TGA can provide
information about physical phenomena, such as secondorder phase transitions, including vaporization, sublimation,
absorption, adsorption, and desorption. Likewise, TGA can
provide information about chemical phenomena including
chemisorptions, desolvation (especially dehydration),
decomposition, and solid-gas reactions (e.g., oxidation or
reduction).
Applications
Materials characterization through analysis of
characteristic decomposition patterns,
Studies of degradation mechanisms and reaction
kinetics,
Determination of organic content in a sample,
Determination of inorganic (e.g. ash) content in a
sample, which may be useful for corroborating
predicted material structures or simply used as a
chemical analysis. It is an especially useful technique
for the study of polymeric materials, including
thermosets, thermoplastics,
elastomers, composites, plastic
films, fibers, coatings and paints.
II-A-6: Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

System
Introduction:
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) utilizes a
focused pulse from a high-powered laser to create a plasma
in or on a solid, liquid, or gaseous media. Some of the
energy in the plasma is used to ablate solid or liquid
material (if present), and the plasma rapidly expands to
form a gas plasma which is used to analyze the ablated
particles. As the plasma cools, continuum emission from the
plasma (Bremstraalung emission, which we see as bright
white emission) fades, typically much faster than emission
lines from neutral and singly-ionized atomic lines, such that
each elemental emission line has a particular optimum in a
particular plasma. This optimum depends on the time and
temperature history of the plasma, which in turn is
dependent on the laser pulse energy and pulse length. The
emission from the spectra can be then quantified and
calibration curves can be obtained by standard peak
integration or by use of chemometrics, and/or patternmatching routines can fingerprint the material to determine
its type.
Applications
Elemental analysis of materials (liquid, gas and solid
samples). The detection of material mix-ups,
analysis of inclusions in steel, analysis of slags in
secondary metallurgy and high-speed identification of
scrap pieces for material specific recycling tasks
Pharmaceutical samples. geochemical and, in dentistry,
analysis of teeth and dental materials,
II-A-7: Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Introduction:
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a spectroscopic method
used for studying the structure of molecules, detection of
selective species and flow visualization and measurements.
It can be used in industry, engineering, dentistry,
biomedical industry, archeology, geology, environment,
combustion, and petrochemical (detection of heavy metals
and radioactive in Arabian crude oil residue)
Applications
Detection of heavy metals and radioactive in Arabian
crude oil residue
Detection of purity.
Optical tumor diagnosis.
Premix burners and engine test
Detection of contamination
Detect and diagnose dental caries and calculus
II-A-8: ND-YAG Laser

Introduction:
ND-YAG Laser is a source of coherent light. It has four
harmonics to produce different wavelengths (1064, 532,
355, 266nm).
Applications
A unique light source that is a part of LIF and LIBS
systems. It is used in industry and research labs.
Surface treatment for metal
Irradiation of materials
II-A-9: X-Ray Fluorescence System (XRF)

Introduction:
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic
"secondary" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has
been excited by bombarding with high-energy X-rays or
gamma rays.
The phenomenon is widely used for
elemental analysis and chemical analysis, particularly in the
investigation of metals, glass, ceramics and building
materials, and for research in geochemistry, forensic
science and archaeology.
Applications
Measuring Sulfur in oil
Analysis of cement and minerals
Positive Material Identification
Coating thickness analysis of metal finishing
Scrap metal sorting
Metal alloys
Quality control in the electronics and consumer goods
industry and many more.
II-A-10: Thin Film Thermal Evaporation System

Introduction:
Thermal Evaporation involves heating a solid material inside
a high vacuum chamber, taking it to a temperature which
produces some vapor pressure. Inside the vacuum, even a
relatively low vapor pressure is sufficient to raise a vapor
cloud inside the chamber. This evaporated material now
constitutes a vapor stream, which traverses the chamber
and hits the substrate, sticking to it as a coating or film.
Applications
Deposition of different kinds of films
III) Biomedical Engineering

Laboratories
10
III-A-1: Biomaterial Testing System - Instron

E3000
Introduction
This testing systems provide the ability to perform variable

speed tensile, compressive, indentation, flexure and fatigue
testing on a variety of different biological specimens, With
diversity in specimen size and geometry, It offers a full line
of test fixtures including potting, tensile, bend and
indentation fixtures, and compression platens for testing of
specimen type.
Applications:
Static and Fatigue Testing of Spinal Implant
Constructs to ASTM F1717
Fatigue Testing Stent Materials and Structures in a
"Test to Fracture" Approach
Low Force Dynamic Fatigue Testing of Tissues and
Biomaterials
Flexural Fatigue Testing of Metallic Bone Plates and
Fixation Devices to ASTM F382
Characterization and Fatigue of Intervertebral Disc
Prostheses to ASTM F2346
Fatigue Testing of Implants for Finger Fractures
Fatigue of Knee Tibial Trays Prostheses to ISO 148791
Endurance and Fatigue Testing of Artificial Hip
Implant Prostheses to ISO 7206
Dynamic Fatigue Testing of Femoral Nails
11
III-A-2: Acoustic Intensity Measurement System

AIMS III with Soniq Software
Introduction:
AIMS III is the latest generation hydrophone scanning
system that enhances acoustic measurement productivity to
map acoustic fields in liquids. User workflow is improved by
productivity enhancements that save time in the
measurement set-up, scanning, and reporting. Combined
with Soniq software, the user benefits from real-time
plotting, automated FDA reporting, and improved positioning
performance. AIMS III continues to be the de facto standard
scanning tank for hydrophone-based measurements.
Applications:
It is commonly used to characterize and validate transducer
designs. Features such as the 5 axis motion, various
firing/measuring orientations, and real-time plotting make it
the tool of choice to meet the most stringent environments.
The system allows for automatic reporting compliant with
standards for diagnostic equipment as well as for
physiotherapy.
III-A-3: ProtoMat S63 Rapid PCB Prototyping

Introduction:
The ProtoMat S63 is the ideal system for virtually all inhouse prototyping applications where speed and security are
crucial. Its also perfectly suited for multilayer and RF
applications. The high rotational speed ensures the fine
structures of up to 100 m required by many modern
applications. The precision and performance of this compact
circuit board plotter are the foundation for producing PCB
prototypes in just one day.
Features:
Automatic tool exchange
Automatic milling width adjustment
Dispensing
60,000 rpm spindle motor
Upgradable to ProtoMat S10
Applications:
Multilayer PCBs: Multilayer PCBs can be easily
manufactured using ProtoMat S63.
Housings: In addition to machining PCBs and signs,
the ProtoMat S63 will also machine, route-out and
depth mill materials such as aluminum and plastics,
e.g. in housings.
12
III-A-4: X-Ray system-PHYWE

Introduction:
This PHYWE X-ray system can be used to take an image of
an object and observe the result on the fluorescent screen.
By varying the anode current and voltage and observe the
change in result on the fluorescent screen.
Applications:
This system provide information about the basics of X-ray
tube, Absorption of X-rays, Radiography and Fluorescence.
A digital camera can also be interfaced with this system in
order to see real time images of the objects.
III-A-5: Compact AFM, Atomic Force Microscope

Introduction:
Compact and easy to use atomic force microscope.
Developed for educational purposes in practical lab course
and pre-research labs in physics, chemistry, life sciences and
material sciences.
Applications:
Visualize and image structures on the micro and nano meter
scale. Developed for educational purposes in practical lab
course and pre-research labs in physics, chemistry, life
sciences and material sciences.
13
III-A-6: Magnetic Resonance Testing Unit-PHYWE

Introduction:
This unit is a fully functional Magnetic Resonance
Tomograph (MRT) for teaching purposes, covering all
aspects from the basic principles of Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance (NMR) to the high-resolution 2D and 3D MR
imaging (MRI). It is easy to connect and immediately
operative (USB 2.0).
Applications:
Training with clinically relevant measuring procedures
High resolution MR imaging (2D, 3D)
Live visualization of data
Realtime control of experimental parameters
Determination of Larmor frequency
T1/T2 measurements
All MR parameters accessible
Measure a multitude of samples with a diameter up to
one centimeter
Software-driven didactical approach
14
IV) Construction Engineering

Laboratories
15
IV-A) Concrete and Structure Laboratory

IV-A-1: Universal Testing Machine - Instron
600dx
Introduction
A universal testing machine normally used to test the
tensile stress and compressive strength of materials.
Instron 600DX is designed for high-capacity tension,
compression, bending/flexural and shear testing.
Applications
The two test space designed to make changing between
tension and compression testing. The machine can be
tested on Metals, Wire Rod, Concrete, Wood, Reinforced
concrete structure such as beam.
The maximum capacity of the machine is 600 kN (135,000
lbf).The machine conform to international standards such
as ASTM A370, A615, BS 4449 and ISO 6892-1, 6892-2,
7438.esting machine normally used to test the tensile
stress and compressive strength of materials. Instron
600DX is designed for high-capacity tension, compression,
bending/flexural and shear testing.
IV-A-2: Mortar Flexural Testing Machine

Introduction
This single lever machine is designed for flexural tests on
40.1 x 40 x 160 mm mortar prisms and tensile tests on
mortar briquettes.
Applications
The flexural test is useful for explaining the brittle material
like cement mortar has a very low tensile strength
compared to its flexural strength. The test by this machine
is conform accordingly based on EN 196-1, 459-2, 1744-1,
1015-11, 13454-2, BS 3892-1, 4551-1 and ASTM C109.
16
IV-A-3: Concrete Compression and Flexural

Testing Machine
Introduction
This machine is specifically designed for testing on
hardened concrete compression test and flexural test for a
various standard specimen sizes.
Applications
There is a relationship between compressive and flexural
strength. Generally it can be assumed for most purposes
that flexural strength of normal concrete is about 10% of
the compressive strength achieved in the same
concrete.The machine is capable to test on 150 and 100
mm concrete cubes or cylinders up to 320 x 160 mm
diameter with maximum capacity 2000 kN.
IV-A-4: Mortar Compression Testing Machine

Introduction
The compressive strength test on cement is carried out to
make sure that the measured strength of cement is in
compliance with the requirement needed based in
international standard. The Machine provides consistent
automatic testing of a wide range of specimens.
Applications
The machine provided platens fitted to the load frame,
compression jig with 40 mm and 50mm or 2 inch square
platen sets and flexural jig for testing 40.1 x 40 x 160 mm
prisms.The machine conform to international standards
testing such as EN 196-1, BS 3892-1, 4551-1, ASTM C109.
17
IV-B: NON Destructive Testing Laboratory
IVB-1: Digi-schmidt 2000 Concrete Test

Hammer
Introduction
DIGI-SCHMIDT rebound hammer is also a useful tool to
determine the surface hardness of concrete. The DIGISCHMIDT concrete test hammer consists of the actual
concrete test hammer and the display unit. Each
component fit together and is calibrated as one unit
Applications
Rebound hammer can be operated on vertical, horizontal
and inclined surfaces, upwards and downwards, but it has
to be at right angles to the measured surface
IV-B-2: Vaisala Structural Humidity

Measurement Kit - shm40
Introduction
Vaisala Structural Humidity Measurement Kit SHM40 is a
useful tool to determine the humidity measurement of
concrete and any other structure. This equipment has been
designed to determine humidity by using borehole method.
Applications
Vaisala Structural Humidity Measurement Kit SHM40 is used
to determine the Humidity of Concrete and other structure
18
IV-B-3: Aqua Meter - James Instrument

Introduction
The James Instrument Aquameter is an effective tool. It is
use to determine the dampness in building material. It
facilitate surveyors and other practitioners to measure the
moisture levels of building components such as walls, floors
and other materials easily
Applications
James Instrument Aquameter is used to determine the
Dampness in Building Material such as wood, concrete etc.
IV-B-4: PUNDIT Lab Ultrasonic Instrument

Introduction
The ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test (UPV) is one of the
popular methods which are used to determine the interior
of a concrete structure with two accessible surfaces
(transducers). The most known instrument, which we used
in the lab, is the PUNDIT (Portable Ultrasonic Nondestructive Digital Indicating Tester) this comes with two
transducers and one calibration rod to adjust the readings
before any test.
Applications
PUNDIT - lab ultrasonic instrument is used to determine
the pulse velocity, crack depth and compressive strength of
concrete
19
IV-B-5: Rapid Chloride Permeability Test
Introduction
The PROOVE'it equipment is designed to develop
techniques to non-destructively measure the chloride
permeability of in-place concrete in accordance with the
standard ASTM C 1202-08.
Applications
The PROOVE'it equipment is used to determine the
concrete ability to resist chloride ion penetration.
IV-B-6: Rebar Detector
Introduction
The Profometer 5+ rebar locator is a compact, easy handle
and lightweight device which is used to determine the
location of rebars, measurement of concrete cover and bar
diameter without damaging the structure. It consists of
indicating device and universal probe.
Applications
Rebar detector is used to determine the location of Rebars,
measurement of concrete cover and bar diameter.
20
IV-C: Soil and Pavement Laboratory
IV-C-1: Speedy Moisture Tester

Introduction
Speedy Moisture Tester vessel provides direct soil moisture
reading after reaction with calcium carbide within thirty
seconds. The speedy moisture meter provides a quick,
simple means of determining the moisture content of soil.
It is particularly useful for field determination of moisture
contents in conjunction with the field compacting testing.
Applications
A well-established portable test method for the
determination of moisture content of soils, sand and fine
aggregates.
IV-C-2: Sand Equivalent Apparatus

Introduction
These test methods are used to determine the in-place
density of compacted materials in construction of earth
embankments, road fills, and structure backfill. This test
method covers determination of the in-place density and
unit weight of soil using a pouring device and calibrated
sand to determine the volume of a test pit.
Applications
For construction control, these test methods are often used
as the basis for acceptance of material compacted to a
specified density or to a percentage of a maximum unit
weight determined by a standard laboratory test method.
21
IV-C-3: Digital Tri-axial Test Apparatus

Introduction
The measurement of the effective shear
parameters for cylindrical specimens of saturated
have been subjected to isotropic consolidation
sheared in compression, under a constant
pressure, by increasing the axial strain.
strength
soil which
and then
confining
Applications
In soil studies, triaxial tests are commonly conducted to
measure and analyze the deformations and strength
characteristics of the soils under different stress paths.
IV-C-4: Automatic Soil Compactor

Introduction
The time and effort required to prepare specimens for
compaction studies and other test methods can often be
costly and time consuming. The Compactor automatically
compact soil specimens, thereby eliminating the laborious
hand compaction method.
Applications
This unit is designed to automatically compact soil samples
rapidly and produce a uniform degree of compaction. The
results compare favorably with hand compaction samples.
22
IV-C-5: CBR Test (California Bearing Ratio)

Introduction
Originally developed by the California Division of Highways
in the 1930s, this CBR Test has been developed and
adapted to form the basis of most testing for sub grade
quality and compaction. CBR is a measure of resistance of
material to penetration of a plunger under controlled
density and moisture conditions.
Applications
If you have excavated virgin land that you wish to
construct on, and have found clay or sand and want to
know if its strong enough to bear weight, a sample can be
taken and used in a CBR test.
IV-C-6: Semi-Automatic Cone Penetrometer

Introduction
Used to determine the moisture content at which clay soils
pass from a plastic to a liquid state. Semi-automatic with
timer where the cone is allowed to free fall for a period of 5
seconds including one each of 50 gm. & 100 gm. weight,
one penetration cone, preset counter & measuring cup.
Applications
Designed for ASTM penetration tests on petroleum
products and for
consistency tests on a wide range of food products,
cosmetics, pastes and
other solid to semi-solid products.
23
IV-C-7: Los Angeles Abrasion Machine

Introduction
The Los Angeles Abrasion test is widely used as an
indicator of relative quality of aggregates. Test measures
degradation of standard gradings of aggregates when
subjected to abrasion and impact, in a rotating steel drum
containing an abrasive charge of steel balls.
Applications
The Los Angeles (L.A.) abrasion test is a common test
method used to indicate aggregate toughness and abrasion
characteristics. Aggregate abrasion characteristics are
important because the constituent aggregate in HMA must
resist crushing, degradation and disintegration in order to
produce a high quality HMA.
IV-C-8: Asphalt Centrifuge Extractors

Introduction
Asphalt Centrifuge Extractors use for quantitative
determination of bitumen and aggregate cement, as well as
aggregate gradiation of bituminous paving materials.
Specimen is heated to induce crumbling, then placed in
rotor bowl. Solvent is added and centrifuge is started and
continued until all solvent is forced through paper filter ring
on outer rim of bowl.
Applications
Binder extraction and recovery is important either for
determining the binder content or to recover, using a
Rotary evaporator, a representative bitumen sample used
to perform other tests such as penetration, softening-point.
Furthermore aggregates, including filler, are also
separated, not disturbed by high temperatures and
available for sample grading.
24
IV-C-9: Digital CBR and Marshall Test Machine

Introduction
The Marshall test is used to measure physical properties
of asphalt specimens that relates to plastic deformation
properties of asphalt mixes.
Applications
The Marshall Stability Test Machine is used to determine
the load and flow values of bituminous mixtures.
IV-C-10: Bending Beam Rheometer

Introduction
The Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) test provides a
measure of low temperature stiffness and relaxation
properties of asphalt binders. These parameters give an
indication of an asphalt binders ability to resist low
temperature cracking.
Applications
Bending-Beam Rheometer performs
low-temperature flexural creep stiffness measurements on
asphalt binders
as specified in current ASTM, AASHTO and SHRP
methodology.
25
IV-C-11: Thin-Film Oven Apparatus

Introduction
The dual purpose oven is used to determine the loss in
weight of bitumen and flux oils and the effects of heat and
air on asphalt materials. Temperature is maintained at
163C by the means of a variable temperature controller
and a thermostat.
Applications
This test is used to determine the effect of heat and air on
a moving film of semi-solid asphaltic materials.
IV-C-12: Gyratory Compactor

Introduction
Gyratory compaction is considered to be one of the best
methods of laboratory compaction for the assessment of
compactibility and the manufacture of test specimens.
Compaction is achieved by the application of a vertical
stress (normally 600kPa) via end platens to a known mass
of asphaltic mixture within a 100 or 150mm internal
mould. The longitudinal axis of the mould is rotated
(gyrated) at a fixed angle to the vertical whilst the platens
are kept parallel and horizontal.
Applications
Use in Compaction of asphaltic paving material to a target
mixture density or void content, Assessment of mixture
compatibility, Preparation of cylindrical test specimens
26
V) Environmental Engineering
Laboratories
27
V-A-1: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)

Introduction
Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a spectro analytical
procedure for the quantitative determination of chemical elements
using the absorption of optical radiation (light) by free atoms in the
gaseous state. In analytical chemistry the technique is used for
determining the concentration of a particular element (the analyte)
in a sample to be analyzed. AAS can be used to determine over 70
different elements in solution or directly in solid samples used
in pharmacology, biophysics and toxicology research. The
processes in a flame include the following stages:
Desolvation (drying) the solvent is evaporated and the
dry sample nano-particles remain;
Vaporization (transfer to the gaseous phase) the solid
particles are converted into gaseous molecules;
Atomization the molecules are dissociated into free
atoms;
Ionization depending on the ionization potential of the
analyte atoms and the energy available in a particular
flame, atoms might be in part converted to gaseous ions.
Applications
Clinical analysis: Analyzing metals in biological fluids and
tissues such as whole blood, plasma, urine, saliva, brain
tissue, liver, muscle tissue, semen
Pharmaceuticals: In some pharmaceutical manufacturing
processes, minute quantities of a catalyst that remain in
the final drug product
Water analysis: Analyzing water for its metal content.
28
V-A-2: Aethalometer
Introduction
The Aethalometer is the foremost instrument for the realtime measurement of optically-absorbing Black or Elemental
carbon aerosol particles. Aethalometer provide fully
automatic, unattended operation. The sample is collected as a
spot on a roll of quartz fiber filter tape: depending on
location, one roll of tape may last from months to years. No
other consumables are required. The AE-31 series performs
optical analysis at seven different wavelengths from 370 nm
to 950 nm, and has found widespread application in studies
of atmospheric optics, radiative transfer etc.
The Aethalometer technology has been used in a variety of
air monitoring applications where the real-time measurement
of carbon particle mass concentration is necessary.
Aethalometer hardware and software systems are thus as
follows: (a) to collect the aerosol sample with as few losses
as possible on a suitable filter material; (b) to measure the
optical attenuation of the collected aerosol deposit as
accurately as possible; (c) to calculate the rate of increase of
the BC component of the aerosol deposit and to interpret this
as a BC concentration in the air stream; (d) to display and
record the data, and to perform necessary instrument control
and diagnostic functions.
Applications
Air quality
Air Quality Modeling
Sampling of BC (Aerosol)
29
V-A-3: Air Canisters

Introduction
The canister is a stainless steel vessel designed to hold
vacuum to less than 10 mTorr or pressure to 40 psig.
Canisters are available in a range of volumes: 400 mL, 1.0
liter, 3.0 liter, 6.0 liter, and 15 liter. The size of canister used
usually depends on the concentration of the analytes in the
sample, the sampling time, the flow rate, and the sample
volume required for the sampling period (Table II, page 3).
Typically, smaller canisters are used for more concentrated
samples, such as soil gas collection, 3-liter and 6-liter
canisters are used to obtain integrated (TWA) ambient air
samples at sampling times of up to 24 hours, and large 15liter canisters are used for reference standards. Sampling
time will be limited by the combination of canister size and
the flow rate at which the sample is to be collected.
Applications
VOCs Monitoring
Air Quality Modeling & Air sampling
30
V-A-4: Coriolis Bio-Sampler

Introduction
The Coriolis air sampler is the ideal tool for rapid clean
room contamination control and indoor air quality
assessment. Coriolis , is a microbial air sampler for biocontamination assessment, mainly dedicated to research,
hospitals, pharmaceutical industries, offices, houses... for the
air quality control and air quality monitoring. This device is
part of microbial testing of surface and water. Toxins, virus,
bacteria, molds, pollens, spores are collected and
concentrated
in
a
liquid.
Several audits have been realized in offices or dwellings and
have led the emphasis on specific contamination by pollen
grains or molds such as Sachybotrys chartarum, Serpula
lacrymans or high levels of airborne endotoxins for example;
in those cases, the traditional methods did not detect such
contaminants.
The Coriolis microbial air samplers are adapted to different
fields in terms of efficiency, ergonomic and reproducibility
(Public Health and Safety; Environment & Industry;
Veterinary applications; Food Industry; and Pharmacy
Industry)
Applications
Indoor Air contamination check
Indoor Air contamination check
Air sampling
31
V-A-5: Dichotomous Air Sampler
Introduction
The dichotomous air sampler is a dual-filter air sampler for

the simultaneous collection of the fine PM2.5 and the coarse
PM10-2.5particles contained within PM10. Split flow
configuration of the virtual impactors allows a PM10 aerosol
to be separated into fine particles and coarse particles for
subsequent collection onto 2 separate PTFE membrane filters.
The basic principle of this instrument is the dual flow
configuration.
Information from standard pressure and temperature sensors
is measured, stored and used to make the corrected flow rate
possible. Flow data, event markers, pressure and temperature
data can be downloaded from any internet connection via an
on-board IP address. An optional weather station is available
to monitor and log air temperature, barometric pressure,
relative humidity, precipitation amount, wind direction and
wind speed. All of this information is stored on a very large
removable memory card.
This instrument also allows the user to perform chemical
analysis comparison of the two size fractionated samples.
These unique applications are very important to those
interested in source identification or subsequent human
health studies.
Applications
Air quality
Sampling of coarse and fine particulate matter
32
V-A-6: Laser Aerosol Spectrometer
Introduction
The Mini Laser Aerosol Spectrometer (Mini-LAS) 11R captures every single particle ranging from 0.25 to 35 m
and classifies it into 31 size channels. It provides fine dust
analysis in highest precision ranging from 0.25 to 35 m in 31
size channels. The areas of use range from fine dust
monitoring in industrial and manufacturing facilities to
workplace measurements. Specifications are:
Size range: 0,25 to 35 m in 31 size channels
Count range: 1 to 2,000,000 particles/liter
Particle mass: From 0.1 g/m to 100 mg/m
Occupational classification: Inhalable, thoracic and
alveoli in accordance to EN 481 continuously and
simultaneously
Environmental data: PM10 and PM2.5, PM1
continuously and simultaneously
Reproducibility: 3 % over the total measuring range
Sample flow: Measurement volume of 1.2 l/min 5 %
automatically regulated
Measurement intervals: From 6 seconds upwards (for
31 channels)
Data storage: Internal 80 kB standard, expandable on
removable SD-card and USB flash drive
Applications
Dust particle monitoring
Aerosol & cloud chemistry
Collection of Airborne particles in air
33
V-A-7: High-performance liquid chromatography

(HPLC )
Introduction
High-performance liquid chromatography is used to separate
the components in a mixture, to identify each component,
and to quantify each component. It relies on pumps to pass a
pressurized liquid solvent containing the sample mixture
through a column filled with a solid adsorbent material. Each
component in the sample interacts slightly differently with the
adsorbent material, causing different flow rates for the
different components and leading to the separation of the
components as they flow out the column.
HPLC can be used in both qualitative and quantitative
applications that are for both compound identification and
quantification. It can also be used to effectively separate
similar simple and aromatic hydrocarbons, even those that
differ only by a single methylene group. It is also used in the
separation of amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Finally
HPLC is used to separate molecules of biological origin.
Applications
Toxic compounds detection(Benzene, Toluene etc)
Chemical and chemistry
Medical
34
V-A-8: PM2.5 , High Volume Ambient Air Sampler

Introduction
The HiVol 3000 high volume air sampler provides high quality,
reliable sampling with immediate notifications of errors
providing high confidence in results and low data loss. The
HiVol 3000 high volume air sampler incorporates advanced
programming functions and electronic volumetric flow control
to maintain a consistent flow and collect a truly representative
sample of dust. Optional attachments allow the high volume
air sampler to measure wind speed and direction, used as
triggers to start sampling and capture other meteorological
parameters.
Specifications are as follows:
Volumetric flow range: Nominal 45-96m3/hr
Flow accuracy: Better than 1m3/hr
Vacuum Capability: 140 mBar max
Temperature range: 0-50oC
Filter size: 250 x 200mm (rectangular element)
Weight: 45 kg
Dimensions: 380 x 380 x 1200 mm (WxDxH)
Power: 200-240V 10% 50/60 Hz (std)
Applications
Air quality
35
V-A-9: Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass

Spectrometry
Introduction
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry or ICP-MS is
an
analytical
technique
used
for
elemental
determinations. ICP-MS has many advantages over other
elemental analysis techniques such as atomic absorption and
optical emission spectrometry, including ICP Atomic Emission
Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), including:
Detection limits for most elements equal to or better

than those obtained by Graphite Furnace Atomic
Absorption Spectroscopy (GFAAS)
The ability to handle both simple and complex
matrices with a minimum of matrix interferences due
to the high-temperature of the ICP source
Superior detection capability to ICP-AES with the
same sample throughput
The ability to obtain isotopic information.
One of the largest volume uses for ICP-MS is in the medical

and forensic field, specifically, toxicology. Another primary use
for this instrument lies in the environmental field. Such
applications include water testing for municipalities or private
individuals all the way to soil, water and other material
analysis for industrial purposes.
Applications
Material Science
Water & waste-water analysis(trace metals)
Characterization of archaeological materials
36
V-A-10: Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical

Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES)
Introduction
Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
(ICP-OES), is an analytical technique used for the detection of
trace metals. It measures the light emitted at element-specific
characteristic wavelengths from thermally excited analyze
ions. This light emitted is separated and measured in a
spectrometer, yielding an intensity measurement that can be
converted to an elemental concentration by comparison with
calibration standards.
Applications
Material Science
Water & waste-water analysis(trace metals)
Characterization of archaeological materials
37
V-A-11: TE-PNY1123, PUF Sampler, Volatile

Organic Sampler
Introduction
All TSP High Volume Air Samplers feature accurate collection

of
total
suspended
particulate
exceeding
US
EPA
Specifications. Air flow through the system is maintained at a

constant rate by an electronic probe which automatically
adjusts the speed of the sampler to correct for variations in
line
voltage
temperature,
pressure
and
filter
loading.
Adjustable over range from 20 SCFM to 60 SCFM the air flow

is controlled at constant standard condition.
TSP samples are available with following specification. Mass
Flow Control (MFC) or Volumetric Flow Control (VFC). Brush
or Brush-less Motor type. Mechanical or Digital Timer. Flow
chart recorder.
Applications
Air quality
Sampling of volatile organic matter
38
For more information Please contact:

Tel: +966 13 333 1680
e-mail: engineering@uod.edu.sa
39

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

Research Equipment Manual

Vice-Deanship of Research and Higher Studies

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

Basic Sciences Labs

Biomedical Engineering Labs

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

Construction Engineering Labs

IV-B: NONDestructive Testing Laboratory

IV-C: Soil and Pavement Laboratory

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

V) Environmental Engineering Labs

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

Research is the core of education, especially in a College of Engineering. Even though

environmental engineering, and physics.

Dean of College of Engineering

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

Research Equipment Manual Committee Message

Amro Owes Elsayed, PhD

: Coordinator of Vice-Deanship of Higher Studies &

Tarek Kayed, PhD

: Chairman of Scientific Research Unit

Ijlal Shahrukh Ateeq, Lecturer: Member of Scientific Research Unit

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

I) Basic Engineering Laboratories

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

I-A: Thermodynamics Laboratory

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

II) Basic Sciences Laboratories

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

II-A: Physics Laboratory

II-A-2: Hall-Effect Measurement System

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

II-A-5: Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA)

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

II-A-6: Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

II-A-7: Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy

II-A-8: ND-YAG Laser

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

II-A-9: X-Ray Fluorescence System (XRF)

II-A-10: Thin Film Thermal Evaporation System

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

III) Biomedical Engineering

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

III-A-1: Biomaterial Testing System - Instron

This testing systems provide the ability to perform variable

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

III-A-2: Acoustic Intensity Measurement System

III-A-3: ProtoMat S63 Rapid PCB Prototyping

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

III-A-4: X-Ray system-PHYWE

III-A-5: Compact AFM, Atomic Force Microscope

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

III-A-6: Magnetic Resonance Testing Unit-PHYWE

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

IV) Construction Engineering

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

IV-A) Concrete and Structure Laboratory

IV-A-2: Mortar Flexural Testing Machine

University of Dammam - College of Engineering Research Equipment Manual _1437H-2015G

IV-A-3: Concrete Compression and Flexural

IV-A-4: Mortar Compression Testing Machine