Lp s thit k mng

Lp s thit k mng
Bi:
Ng B Hng, Phm Th Phi

Lp s thit k mng
Sau khi cc yu cu cho mt mng tng th c thu thp, bc k tip l xy dng
s mng (topology) hay m hnh mng cn c thit lp. Vic thit k s mng
c chia ra thnh 3 bc:
Thit k s mng tng vt l
Thit k s mng tng lin kt d liu
Thit k s mng tng mng.
Pht trin s mng tng vt l
S i dy l mt trong nhng vn cn phi c xem xt khi thit k mt mng.
Cc vn thit k mc ny lin quan n vic chn la loi cp c s dng, s
i dy cp phi tha mn cc rng buc v bng thng v khong cch a l ca mng.
S mng hnh sao s dng cp xon i CAT 5 thng c dng hin nay. i vi
cc mng nh, ch cn mt im tp trung ni kt cho tt c cc my tnh vi iu kin
rng khong cch t my tnh n im tp trung ni kt l khng qu 100 mt.
Thng thng, trong mt ta nh ngi ta chn ra mt phng c bit lp t cc
thit b mng nh Hub, switch, router hay cc bng cm dy (patch panels). Ngi ta
gi phng ny l i Ni phn phi chnh MDF (Main distribution facility).

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Lp s thit k mng

Hnh 9.1 S dng MDF cho cc mng c ng knh nh hn 200 mt

i vi cc mng nh vi ch mt im tp trung ni kt, MDF s bao gm mt hay
nhiu cc bng cm dy ni kt cho nm ngang (HCC Horizontal Cross Connect
patch panel).

Hnh 9.2 S dng HCC patch panel trong MDF

S lng cp chiu ngang (Hirizontal Cable) v kch thc ca HCC patch panel (s
lng cng) ph thuc vo s my tnh ni kt vo mng.
Khi chiu di t my tnh n im tp trung ni kt ln hn 100 mt, ta phi cn thm
nhiu im tp trung ni kt khc. im tp trung ni kt mc th hai c gi l Ni
phn phi trung gian (IDF Intermediate Distribution Facility). Dy cp ni IDF v
MDF c gi l cp ng (Vertical cabling).

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Lp s thit k mng

Hnh 9.3 S dng thm cc IDF cho cc mng c ng knh ln hn 200 mt

c th ni cc IDF v mt MDF cn s dng thm cc patch panel ni kt cho chiu
ng (VCC Vertical Cross Connect Patch Panel). Dy cp ni gia hai VCC patch
panel c gi l cp chiu ng (Vertical Cabling). Chng c th l cp xon i nu
khong cch gia MDF v IDF khng ln hn 100 mt. Ngc li phi dng cp quang
khi khon cch ny ln hn 100 mt. Tc ca cp chiu ng thng l 100 Mbps
hoc 1000 Mbps.

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Lp s thit k mng

Hnh 9.4 S dng VCC patch panel ni IDF vi MDF

Sn phm ca giai on ny l mt b ti liu c t cc thng tin sau:
V tr chnh xc ca cc im tp trung ni kt MDF v IDFs.
Kiu v s lng cp c s dng ni cc IDF v MDF

Hnh 9.5 Ti liu v v tr ca MDF v cc IDF

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Lp s thit k mng

Cc u dy cp phi c nh s v ghi nhn s ni kt gia cc cng trn

HCC v VCC patch panel. V d di y ghi nhn v thng tin cc si cp
c s dng ti IDF s 1

Hnh 9.6 Ti liu v dy ni ti mt IDF

Ni kt tng 2 bng switch
S ng v kch thc vng ng l hai yu t nh hng n hiu nng ca
mng. Bng cch s dng cc switch chng ta c th phn nh cc nhnh mng nh
c th gim bt c tun sut ng gia cc my tnh v gim c kch thc ca
vng ng trong mng.

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Lp s thit k mng

Hnh 9.7 S dng Switch m rng bng thng mng

Mt u th na i vi cc switch bt i xng l n c h tr mt s cng c thng
lng ln dnh cho cc server hoc cc cp chiu dng ni ln cc switch / router
mc cao hn.

Hnh 9.8 S dng cng tc cao trong switch

xc nh kch thc ca vng ng bn cn phi xc nh bao nhiu my tnh
c ni kt vt l trn tng cng ca switch. Trng hp l tng mi cng ca switch
ch c mt my tnh ni vo, khi kch thc ca vng ng l 2 v ch c my gi
v my nhn tham gia vo mi cuc giao tip.

Hnh 9.9 Ni trc tip cc my tnh vo switch

Trong thc t ta thng dng switch ni cc Hub li vi nhau. Khi mi Hub s
to ra mt vng ng v cc my tnh trn mi Hub s chia s nhau bng thng trn
Hub.

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Lp s thit k mng

Hnh 9.10 Ni HUB vo switch

Thng thng ngi ta s dng Hub tng s lng cc im ni kt vo mng cho
my tnh. Tuy nhin cn phi m bo s lng my tnh trong tng vng ng phi
nh v m bo bng thng cho tng my tnh mt. a s cc Hub hin nay u c h
tr mt cng tc cao hn cc cng cn li (gi l up-link port) dng ni kt vi
switch tng bng thng chung cho ton mng.

Hnh 9.11 S dng cng tc cao ca HUB ni vi Switch

Bng thng cn thit cho cc ng dng c m t nh hnh di y:

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Lp s thit k mng

Hnh 9.12 Nhu cu bng thng ca cc ng dng

Sau khi thit k xong s mng tng hai, cn thit phi ghi nhn lai thng tin v
tc ca cc cng ni kt cp nh hnh di y:

Hnh 9.13 Ti liu v tc trn tng cng

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Lp s thit k mng

Thit k mng tng 3

S dng cc thit b ni kt mng tng 3 nh router, cho php phn nhnh mng thnh
cc moun tch ri nhau v mt vt l cng nh lun l. Router cng cho php ni kt
mng vi mng din rng nh mng Internet chng hn.

Hnh 9.14 S dng router trong mng

Router cho php hn ch c cc cuc truyn qung b xut pht t mt vng ng
ny lan truyn sang cc vng ng khc. Nh tng bng thng trn ton mng.
i vi switch, gi tin gi cho mt my tnh m n cha bit s c truyn i ra tt c
cc cng n tt c cc nhnh mng khc.
Ngoi ra, router cn c s dng gii quyt cc vn nh: mt s giao thc khng
thch hp khi mng c kch thc ln, vn anh ninh mng v vn v nh a ch
mng. Tuy nhin s dng router th t tin v kh khn hn trong vic cu hnh nu so
vi switch.
Trong v d sau, mng c nhiu nhnh mng vt l, tt c cc thng tin i trao i gia
mng Network 1 v mng Network 2 u phi i qua router. Router chia mng thnh
hai vng ng ring ri. Mi vng ng c a ch mng v mt n mng con
ring.

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Lp s thit k mng

Hnh 9.15 S dng router phn chia vng ng trong mng

Xc nh v tr t Server
Cc server c chia thnh 2 loi: Server cho ton cng ty (Enterprise Server) v server
cho nhm lm vic (Workgroup server).
Enterprise server phc v cho tt c ngi s dng trong cng ty, v d nh Mail server,
DNS server. Chng thng c t ti MDF.
Workgroup server th ch phc v cho mt s ngi dng v thng c t ti IDF
ni gn nhm ngi s dng server ny nht.

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Lp s thit k mng

Hnh 9.16 Ti liu v v tr t cc server

Lp ti liu cho tng 3
Sau khi xy dng s cp pht a ch, bn cn ghi nhn li chin lc cp pht a
ch. Mt s cc ti liu cn tp ra bao gm:
Bng phn b a ch

Hnh 9.17 Bng phn b a ch IP

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Lp s thit k mng

Bng tm tt v cc mng c phn b, a ch cc giao din ca tng

router v bng chn ng ca cc router.

Hnh 9.18 Bng tm tt v a ch phn b

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