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Exercise 8.2 (Solutions)

Page 273

Textbook of Algebra and Trigonometry for Class XI

Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 1.3.1

Binomial Theorem
If a and x are two real number and n is a positive integer then
n
n
n
n n1 n n
(a + x)n = a n + a n 1 x1 + a n2 x 2 + ............... +
a x + n x
0
1
2
n 1

Proof
We will use mathematical induction to prove this so let S (n) be the given statement.
Put n = 1
1
1
S (1) : (a + x)1 = a1 + a11 x1 = (1) a + (1)(1) x a + x = a + x
0
1
S (1) is true so condition I is satisfied.
Now suppose that S (n) is true for n = k .
k
k
k
k k 1 k k
S (k ) : (a + x)k = a k + a k 1 x1 + a k 2 x 2 + ............... +
a x + k x ..(i)
0
1
2
k 1

The statement for n = k + 1
k + 1 k +1 k + 1 k +11 1 k + 1 k +1 2 2
S (k + 1) : (a + x)k +1 =
x +
x + ...............
a + 1 a
a
0

2
k + 1 k +11 k + 1 k +1
+
+
a x
x
k + 1 1
k + 1
k + 1 k +1 k + 1 k 1 k + 1 k 1 2
(a + x)k +1 =
a + 1 a x + 2 a x + ...............
0

k + 1 k k + 1 k +1
+
a x + k + 1 x
k

Multiplying both sides of equation (i) by (a + x)

k
k
k
k k 1 k k
(a + x) k (a + x) = a k + a k 1 x1 + a k 2 x 2 + ............... +
a x + k x ( a + x)
1
2
k 1

0
k
k
k
k k 1 k k
(a + x)k +1 = a k + a k 1 x1 + a k 2 x 2 + ............... +
a x + k x ( a)
1
2
k 1

0
k
k
k
k k 1 k k
+ a k + a k 1 x1 + a k 2 x 2 + ............... +
a x + k x ( x)
1
2
k 1

0
k
k
k
k 2 k 1 k k
(a + x)k +1 = a k +1 + a k x1 + a k 1 x 2 + ............... +
a x + k a x
0
1
2
k 1

k
k
k
k k k k +1
+ a k x + a k 1 x 2 + a k 2 x3 + ............... +
a x + k x
0
1
2
k



1

k
k
k
k
k
(a + x)k +1 = a k +1 + + a k x1 + + a k 1 x 2 + ...............
0
1 0
2 1
k
k k k k +1
+ +
a x + k x

k k 1
n
n + 1 n n n + 1
n
n + 1
Since =
, +
and =
=

0 0 r r 1 r
n n + 1
k + 1 k +1 k + 1 k 1 k + 1 k 1 2
(a + x)k +1 =
a + 1 a x + 2 a x + ...............
0

k + 1 k k + 1 k +1
+
a x + k + 1 x
k

Thus S (k + 1) is true when S (k ) is true so condition II is satisfied and S (n) is true for all
positive integral value of n.

FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 2

Question # 1 (i)
(a + 2b)5 =

() ()

()

()

()

()

5 5 5 51
5 5 2
5 5 3
5 54
5 55
a +
a (2b )1 +
a (2b) 2 +
a (2b) 3 +
a (2b) 4 +
a (2b) 5
0
1
2
3
4
5

= (1) a 5 + (5) a 4 (2b) + (10) a3 (4b 2 ) + (10) a 2 (8b3 ) + (5) a1 (16b4 ) + (1) a 0 (32b5 )
= a5 + 10 a 4b + 40 a3b 2 + 80 a 2b3 + 80 ab4 + 32b5
Q a0 = 1
Question # 1 (ii)
6

x 2 6 x 6 x 2 6 x 2 6 x 2
2 = + 2 + 2 + 2
2 x 0 2 1 2 x 2 2 x 3 2 x
6 4
4
65
5
6 6
6
6 x 2 6 x 2 6 x 2
+ 2 + 2 + 2
4 2 x 5 2 x 6 2 x
6 1

6 2

6 3

x
x 2
x 2
x 2
= (1) (6) 2 + (15) 2 (20) 2
2
2 x
2 x
2 x
2
4
1
5
6
x 2
x 2
2
+ (15) 2 (6) 2 + (1)(1) 2
2 x
2 x
x
6
5
4
3
x x 2
x 4
x 8
= 6 2 + 15 4 20 6
64 32 x
16 x
8 x
x 2 16 x 32 64
+15 8 6 10 + 12
4 x 2 x x
=

x 6 3 x 3 15 20 60 96 64

+ 3 + 6 9 + 12
64 8
4 x
x
x
x

Question # 1 (iii), (iv) and (v)

Do yourself
Question # 1 (vi)
6 1

6 2

a
x 6 a 6 a
x 6 a
x
=
+

a 0 x 1 x
a 2 x
a
x
6

6 3

6 4

65

6 6

x 6 a
x 6 a
x 6 a
x
6 a
+

+

+

+

3 x a 4 x a 5 x a 6 x a
3

a
a x
a x
= (1)
(6)

+ (15)

x
x a
x a
6

a x
a x
a x
a x
(20)

+ (15)

(6)

+ (1)

x a
x a
x a
x a
3

a
a a
a a
=
6

+ 15

x
x x
x x
6

a a
x x
x x
x
20

+ 15

6

+ 1(1)

x x
a a
a a
a
3

5 1

a
a
a
=
6
+ 15

x
x
x
6

42

3 3

a
x
20
+ 15

x
a

2 + 4

x
6

1+ 5

x
+ 1

a
a
a
a
x
x x
=
6
+ 15
20
+ 15
6
+

x
x
x
x
a
a a
6

FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 3
1
1
1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2
2
2
a
a
a
x
x
x

=
6
+ 15
20 (1) + 15
6
+
x
x
x
a
a a

3
2
2
3
a
a
a
x x x
= 6 + 15 20 + 15 6 +
x
x
x
a a a
3
2
2
a
a
a
x
x
x3
= 3 6 2 + 15 20 + 15 6 2 + 3
x
a
x
x
a a
6

Question # 2 (i)
(0.97)3 = (1 0.03)3
3
3
3
3
= (1)3 + (1)2 (0.03) + + (1)1 (0.03)2 + + (0.03)3
0
1
2
3
= (1)(1) + 3(1)(0.03) + 3(1)(0.0009) + + (1)(0.000024)
= 1 0.09 + 0.0027 0.000027 = 0.912673
Question # 2 (ii)
(2.02) 4 = (2 + 0.02)4

Now do yourself.

Question # 2 (iii)
(9.98)4 = (10 0.02) 4
4
4
4
4
4
= (10) 4 + (10)3 (0.02) + (10)2 (0.02)2 + (10)1 (0.02)3 + (10)0 (0.02)4
0
1
2
3
4
= (1)(10000) + 4(1000)(0.02) + 6(100)(0.0004) + 4(10)(0.000008) + (1)(1)(0.00000016)

= 10000 80 + 0.24 0.00032 + 0.00000016 = 9920.23968

Question # 2 (iv)

(2.1)5 = (2 + 0.1)5
Question # 3(i)

a + 2x

We take

(a +

) (
4

+ a 2x

4
4
4
2 x = a 4 + a 3
0
1

= (1) a 4 + ( 4 ) a 3

a + 2x

Replacing

2 by 2 in eq. (i)

a 2x

1
4
2 x + a2
2

2x

4
+ a1
3

( )

3
4
2 x + a0
4

= a 4 + 4 2 a 3 x + 12a 2 x 2 + 8 2 a x 3 + 4 x 4

= a 4 4 2a3 x + 12a 2 x 2 8 2 a x 3 + 4 x 4 . (ii)

Adding (i) & (ii)

(a +

) + (a
4

2x

2x

( )

2 x + ( 6 ) a 2 2 x 2 + ( 4 ) a 2 2 x 3 + (1)(1) 4 x 4

= a 4 + 4 2a 3 x + 12a 2 x 2 + 8 2 a x3 + 4 x 4 . (i)

= 2 a 4 + 24 a 2 x 2 + 8 x 4

Question # 3 (ii)
Do yourself.

2x

FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 4

Question # 3 (iii)
Since
5
5
5
5
5
5
(2 + i )5 = 25 + 251 i + 252 i 2 + 253 i 3 + 254 i 4 + 255 i 5
0
1
2
3
4
5
5
4
3 2
2 3
1 4
0 5
= (1) 2 + ( 5) 2 i + (10 ) 2 i + (10 ) 2 i + ( 5) 2 i + (1) 2 i
= 32 + 80i + 80i 2 + 40i 3 + 10i 4 + i 5 .. (i)
Replacing i by i in eq. (i)
2
3
4
5
(2 + i )5 = 32 + 80 ( i ) + 80 ( i ) + 40 ( i ) + 10 ( i ) + ( i )
= 32 80i + 80i 2 40i 3 + 10i 4 i 5
Subtracting (i) & (ii)
(2 + i)5 (2 i)5 = 160i + 80i 3 + 2i 5
= 160i + 80(1) i + 2(1)2 i
= 160i 80i + 2i = 82i
Question # 3 (iv)

(x +

) (
3

x 1 + x + x 1
2

Suppose t = x 2 1 then

(x +

) (
3

x 1 + x + x 1 = ( x + t ) + ( x + t )
2

= ( ( x )3 + 3( x )2 (t ) + 3( x)(t )2 + (t )3 ) + ( ( x )3 + 3( x )2 (t ) + 3( x )(t )2 + (t )3 )

= x 3 + 3x 2t + 3xt 2 + t 3 + x 3 3x 2t + 3xt 2 t 3
= 2 x 3 + 6 xt 2
= 2 x3 + 6 x

x2 1

Q t = x2 1

= 2 x 3 + 6 x ( x 2 1) = 2 x 3 + 6 x 3 6 x = 8x 3 6 x
Question # 4 (i)
(2 + x x 2 ) 4
Put t = 2 + x then
(2 + x x 2 ) 4 = (t x 2 )4
4
4
4
4
4
= (t ) 4 + (t )3 ( x 2 ) + (t )2 ( x 2 )2 + (t )1 ( x 2 )3 + (t )0 ( x 2 )4
0
1
2
3
4
= (1) (t )4 ( 4 ) (t )3 ( x 2 ) + ( 6 ) (t )2 ( x 4 ) ( 4 ) (t )( x 6 ) + (1) (1)( x8 )

= t 4 4t 3 x 2 + 6t 2 x 4 4t x 6 + x8 (i)
Now
4
4
4
4
4
t 4 = (2 + x) 4 = (2)4 + (2)3 ( x ) + (2) 2 ( x) 2 + (2)1 ( x)3 + (2)0 ( x)4
0
1
2
3
4
= (1) (16) + ( 4 ) (8)( x) + ( 6 ) (4)( x 2 ) + ( 4 ) (2)( x 3 ) + (1) (1)( x 4 )
= 16 + 32 x + 24 x 2 + 8 x3 + x 4
Also

t 3 = (2 + x)3 = (2)3 + ( 3) (2) 2 ( x) + ( 3) (2)1 ( x )2 + ( x)3

= 8 + 12 x + 6 x 2 + x3
t 2 = (2 + x) 2 = 4 + 4 x + x 2
Putting values of t 4 , t 3 , t 2 and t in equation (i)
(2 + x x 2 )4 = (16 + 32 x + 24 x 2 + 8 x 3 + x 4 ) 4(8 + 12 x + 6 x 2 + x3 ) x 2

+6(4 + 4 x + x 2 ) x 4 4(2 + x ) x 6 + x8

FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 5

= 16 + 32 x + 24 x 2 + 8 x 3 + x 4 32 x 2 48 x3 24 x 4 4 x 5
+24 x 4 + 24 x 5 + 6 x 6 8 x 6 + 4 x 7 + x8
= 16 + 32 8 x 2 40 x 3 + x 4 + 20 x 5 2 x 6 4 x 7 x8
Question # 4 (ii)
Suppose t = 1 x Do yourself
Question # 4 (iii)
Suppose t = 1 x Do yourself
Question # 5 (i)
Suppose t = x 1 Do yourself
Question # 5 (ii)
3

x 1
x

Suppose t = x 1 then
3
2
3
1
1 1
3
2 1
t = (t ) + 3(t ) + 3(t ) +
x
x
x x
1
1 1
= t 3 3t 2 + 3t 2 3 (i)
x
x
x
Now

t 3 = ( x 1) = ( x )3 + 3( x )2 (1) + 3( x)(1)2 + (1)3

3

= x3 3x 2 + 3x 1
2
t 2 = ( x 1) = x 2 2 x + 1
Putting values of t 3 , t 2 and t in equation (i)
3

1
1
1 1

3
2
2
x 1 = ( x 3 x + 3 x 1) 3( x 2 x + 1) + 3( x 1) 2 3
x
x
x
x

1
1
1 1
= x3 3x 2 + 3x 1 3x + 6 3 + 3 3 2 3
x
x
x
x
3 1
= x3 3x 2 + 5 2 3
x
x
Question # 6 (i)
Since
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
Here a = 3 , x = 2 x , n = 7 so
7
7
Tr +1 = (3)7 r (2 x )r = (3)7r (2)r ( x) r
r
r
For term involving x 4 we must have
xr = x4 r = 4
So
7
T4+1 = (3)74 (2)4 ( x)4
4
T5 = ( 35) (3)3 (2) 4 ( x) 4 = ( 35) (27)(16)( x )4
= 15120x 4
Made By: Atiq ur Rehman, (atiq@mathcity.org) http://www.mathcity.org

FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 6

Question # 6 (ii)
n
Since Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
2
Here a = x , x = 2 , n = 13 so
x
r
13 13r 2 13 13r
r

Tr +1 = ( x) 2 = ( x) ( 2 ) ( x)2 r
r
x r
r
r
13
13
= ( x)13r 2 r ( 2 ) = ( x )133r ( 2 )
r
r
For term involving x 2 we must have
x133r = x 2 13 3r = 2 3r = 2 13
3r = 15 r = 5
So
5
13
T5+1 = ( x )133(5) ( 2 )
5
T6 = (1287)( x)1315 ( 32 ) = 41184 x 2
Question # 6 (iii)
Since
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
2
Here a = , x = a , n = 9 so
x
9 r
9 r
9 2
9 2
r
Tr +1 = ( a ) = (1)r (a ) r
r x
r x
For term involving a 4 we must have
a r = a4 r = 4
So

9 2
T4+1 =
4 x

9 4

(1)4 (a ) 4
5

a4
2
32 4
4
T5 = (126) (1) a = (126) 5 a = 4032 5
x
x
x
Question # 6 (iii)
Here a = x , x = y , n = 11 so
Since
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
r
1
11 11r
11 11r
Tr +1 = ( x )
y = ( x)
y2
r
r
r
11 11r
= ( x ) (1)r y 2
r
For term involving y 3 we must have
r
r
y 2 = y3
=3 r =6
2
6
11 116
So
T6+1 = ( x ) (1)6 y 2
6
5
T7 = ( 462 )( x ) (1) y 3 = 462 x5 y 3

( )

( )

( )

( )

FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 7

Question # 7 (i)
Here a = x 2 , x =

3
, n = 10 so
2x

Since
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
r
(3) r
10 2 10r 3 10 2(10r )

r
Tr +1 = ( x ) = ( x )
(1)
(2) r ( x)r
r
2x r
10 202 r
10 202 r r
(1)r (3)r (2) r ( x) r = ( x )
(1) r (3)r (2) r
= ( x)
r
r


10 203r
(1) r (3) r (2) r
= ( x)
r
For term involving x 5 we must have
x 20 3r = x 5 20 3r = 5 3r = 5 20
3r = 15 r = 5
10 203(5)
So
T5+1 = ( x )
(1)5 (3)5 (2)5
5
1
1
2015
5
T6 = 252 ( x )
(1)5 (3)5 5 = 252 ( x ) (243)
2
32
61236 5
15309 5
=
x =
x
32
8
15309
Hence coefficient of x 5 =
8
Question # 7 (ii)
1
Here a = x 2 , x = , n = 2n so
x
Since
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
r
2n 2 2 n r 1 2n 2(2 nr )
r 1

Tr +1 = ( x ) = ( x )
1) r
(
x
r
x r
r
r
2n 4 n 2 r
2n 4 n 2 r r
= ( x )
1) x r = ( x )
1)
(
(
r
r
r
2n 4 n 3 r
= ( x)
1)
(
r
For term involving x n we must have
x 4 n3 r = x n 4n 3r = n 3r = n 4n
3r = 3n r = n
n
2 n 4 n 3 n
So
Tn+1 = ( x )
1)
(
n
(2n)!
(2n)! n
n
n
n
=
( x ) ( 1) =
( x ) ( 1)
(2n n)! n!
n! n!
n (2n)! n
= ( 1)
x
(n !)2
n (2n)!
Hence coefficient of x n = ( 1)
(n!)2

FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 8

Question # 8
Here a = x 2 , x =

3
, n = 10 and r + 1 = 6 r = 5 so
2x

Since
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
5
10 2 105 3
T5+1 = ( x )
5
2x
35
243
2 5
T6 = 252 ( x )
= 252 x10
5
5
32 x
(2 x)
61236 105
15309 5
=
x
=
x
32
8
Question # 9 (i)
Do yourself as Q # 9 (ii)
Question # 9 (ii)
Here a = x , x =

1
, n = 10 so
2 x2

Since
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
r
10 r
10 r 1
1
10
10 12
= x
Tr +1 = x
r 2r

2
r
2x r
2 x
1
r
(10 r ) 1
10
10 5 2 1 2 r
2 r
x
x
= ( x)2
=
r ( x)
2r
2r
r

10 5 2r 2 r 1 10 5 52r 1
= ( x)
= ( x)
2r r
2r
r
For term independent of x we must have
5r
5
5r
5r
x 2 = x 0 5 = 0 = 5
2
2
2
r = (5) r = 2
5
10 5 5(2) 1
So
T2+1 = ( x ) 2 2
2
2
1
5 5 1
T3 = 45 ( x )
= 45 x 0
4
4
1 45
= 45 (1) =
4
4

( )

( )

Question # 9 (iii)
1

(1 + x ) 1 + 2
x

2 3

x2 + 1
= (1 + x ) 2
x

2 3

( x + 1)
(x )
2

= (1 + x 2 )3

2 4

= x 8 (1 + x 2 )3+4
n
Now Tr +1 = x 8 a n r x r
r

(1 + x )
2

= (1 + x 2 )3

= x 8 (1 + x 2 )7

x8

FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 9

Where n = 7 , a = 1 , x = x 2
r
7
7
Tr +1 = x 8 (1)7r ( x 2 ) = x 8 (1) x 2 r
r
r
7
= x 2r 8
r
For term independent of x we must have
x 2 r 8 = x 0 2r 8 = 0 2r = 8 r = 4
So
7
T4+1 = x 2(4) 8
4
T5 = 35 x8 8 = 35 x 0 = 35
Question # 10
12

1 x2

x 2

Since n = 12 is an even so middle terms is

Therefore r + 1 = 7 r = 7 1 = 6

n + 2 12 + 2
=
=7
2
2

1
x2
And a = , x =
and n = 12
x
2
Now
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
12 6

x2

2
1 x12
924 126
T7 = 924 6
=
x
x 64
64
231 6
=
x
16

12 1
T6+1 =
6 x

Thus the middle terms of the given expansion is

Question # 10 (ii)
Since n = 11 is odd so the middle terms are

231 6
x .
16

n + 1 11 + 1
=
= 6 and
2
2

n + 3 11 + 3
=
=7
2
2
So for first middle term
3
1
a = x , x = , n = 11 and r + 1 = 6 r = 5
2
3x
Now
11 5
5
11 3 1
n n r r

T5+1 = x
Tr +1 = a x
r
5 2 3 x
Now simplify yourself.
Now for second middle term
r +1 = 7 r = 6
11 6

so

11 3
T6+1 = x
6 2

1

3x

Now simplify yourself.

FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 10

Question # 10 (iii)
Since n = 2m + 1 is odd so there are two middle terms
n + 1 2m + 1 + 1 2m + 2
=
=
= m +1
First middle term =
2
2
2
n + 3 2m + 1 + 3 2m + 4
Second middle terms =
=
=
=m+2
2
2
2
1
Here a = 2 x , x =
and n = 2m + 1
2x
For first middle term r + 1 = m + 1 r = m .
Since
n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
m
m
1
(2m + 1)!
1
2 m+1 m
m +1
2m + 1

Tm+1 =
(2x)
( 2x )
=
(2m + 1 m)! m !
m
2x
2x
(2m + 1)!
1
m+1
m +1
m 1
=
( 2 ) ( x ) ( 1)
(m + 1)! m!
2 x
(2m + 1)!
m+1
m +1
m
m
m
=
( 2 ) ( x ) ( 1) ( 2 ) ( x )
(m + 1)! m!
(2m + 1)!
(2m + 1)!
m+1 m
m+1m
m
1
1
m
=
( 2 ) ( x ) ( 1) =
( 2 ) ( x ) ( 1)
(m + 1)! m!
(m + 1)! m!
(2m + 1)!
m
=
2 x ( 1)
(m + 1)! m!
For second middle term
r +1 = m + 2 r = m + 2 1 r = m +1
n
As
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
m +1
1
(2 m +1) ( m +1)
2m + 1

Tm+1+1 =
(2x)

m +1
2x
Now simplify yourself
m

Question # 11

(Submitted by Waqas Ahmad - FAZMIC Sargodha 2004-06)

1
,
2x
Number of term from the end = 2n + 1

Here a = x , x =

To make it from beginning we take a =

As

1
, x = x and r + 1 = 2n + 1 r = 2n
2x

n
Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
3n 2 n
n
(3n)!
2n
3n 1
1 2n

T2 n+1 =
( x) =
x
(3n 2n)! (2n)! 2 x
2n 2 x
(3n)!
1
(3n)!
n
n 1
=
( 1) n n x 2n =
( 1) n x 2nn
(n)! (2n)!
2 x
n! (2n)!
2
(1) n (3n)! n
=
x Answer
2 n n! (2n)!

Note: If there are p term in some expansion and qth term is from the end then the term
from the beginning will be = p q + 1 .
So in above you can use term from the end = (3n + 1) (2n + 1) + 1 = n + 1

FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 11

Question # 12

2n + 2
= n + 1 and
2
a = 1 , x = x , n = 2n , r + 1 = n + 1 r = n
n
Now Tr +1 = a nr x r
r
2n
Tn +1 = (1) 2 nn x n
n
(2n)!
(2n)! n
Tn +1 =
(1) n x n =
x
(2n n)! n!
n! n !
Since 2n is even so the middle term is

2n (2n 1)(2n 2)(2n 3)(2n 4)................ 5 4 3 2 1 n

x
n! n!
[ 2n (2n 2)(2n 4)................ 4 2][ (2n 1)(2n 3)................ 5 3 1] x n
=
n! n!
=

2n [ n (n 1)(n 2)................ 2 1][(2n 1)(2n 3)................ 5 3 1] n

=
x
n ! n !
2n n! [(2n 1)(2n 3)................ 5 3 1] n
=
x
n! n!
2n [1 3 5 ............... (2n 1)] n
=
x
n!
1 3 5 ............... (2n 1) n n
=
2 x
n!
Question # 13
Consider
n n n
(1 + x) n = + x + x 2
0 1 2

n
n
n
n x n 1 + n x n
+ x 3 + x 4 + x 5 + .................. +

n
3
4
5
n 1

. (i)

Put x = 1
n n
n
n
n
n
n (1) n1 + n (1) n
(1 + 1) n = + (1) + (1) 2 + (1) 3 + (1) 4 + (1) 5 + ............ +

n
0 1
2
3
4
5
n 1

n n n n n n
n n
2 n = + + + + + + ............... +
+
0 1 2 3 4 5
n 1 n
n
n
n n
n
n
n
n
2 n = + + + ............... + + + + + ............... +

n 1 3 5
n 1
0 2 4
. (ii)
Now put x = 1 in equation (i)
n n
n
n
n
n
2
3
4
5
(1 1) n = + ( 1) + ( 1) + (1) + ( 1) + ( 1) + ...........
0 1
2
3
4
5
n (1) n1 + n (1)n
.......... +

n
n 1

If we consider n is even then
n n n n n n
n n
(0)n = + + + .................
+
0 1 2 3 4 5
n 1 n
n
n
n n
n
n
n
n
0 = + + + ................. + + + + ................. +

n 1 3 5
n 1
0 2 4
n
n
n n n n
n
n
+ + + ................. +
= + + + ................. +

n 1 0 2 4
n
1 3 5

FSc-I / Ex 8.2 - 12

Using it in equation (ii)

n
n
n
n n n n
n
2 n = + + + .................... +
+ + + + .................... +

n 1 1 3 5
n 1
1 3 5
n
n
n
n
2 n = 2 + + + .................... +

n 1
1 3 5
2n n n n
n

= + + + .................... +

2 1 3 5
n 1
n
n
n
n
2 n1 = + + + .................... +

n 1
1 3 5
n n n
n
+ + + .................... +
= 2n 1

1 3 5
n 1
Question # 14
1 n 1 n 1 n
1 n
n
L.H.S = + + + + .................... +

n + 1 n
0 2 1 3 2 4 3
n 1
1
1

n!
n!
n!
1 n
= +
+
+
+
....................
+

n + 1 n
0 2 (n 1)!1! 3 (n 2)! 2! 4 (n 3)! 3!
=

n +1 1
n! 1
n!
n!
1
1
1 +
+
+
+ .................... +
n + 1 2 (n 1)!1! 3 (n 2)! 2! 4 (n 3)!3!
n +1

1
( n + 1) +
n +1

(n + 1)! (n + 1)! (n + 1)!

1
(n + 1) +
+
+
+ .................... + 1
n +1
(n 1)! 2 1! (n 2)! 3 2! (n 3)! 4 3!

( n + 1)! ( n + 1)! ( n + 1)!

1
( n + 1) +
+
+
+ .................... + 1

n +1
( n + 1 2)! 2! ( n + 1 3)! 3! ( n + 1 4)! 4!

1 n + 1 n + 1 n + 1 n + 1
n + 1
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + .................... + n + 1

n + 1

1
n + 1 n + 1 n + 1 n + 1
n + 1
1 + 1 +
+
+
+
+ .................... +

n +1
1 2 3 4
n + 1

1 ( n + 1) n ! 1 ( n + 1) n !

+
+
2 ( n 1)!1! 3 ( n 2)! 2!

1 ( n + 1) n !
n +1
+ .................... +
1

4 ( n 3)! 3!
n +1

1
n + 1 + n + 1 + n + 1 + n + 1 + n + 1 + .................... + n + 1

1
+
0 1 2 3 4
n + 1
n + 1

1
1 + 2n +1
=
n +1
2n +1 1
=
= R.H.S
n +1
=

Remember
n + 1
n + 1
0 = 1 , 1 = n + 1 and

n + 1
n + 1 = 1

Made By: Atiq ur Rehman, (atiq@mathcity.org) http://www.mathcity.org

J The End J