Trigonometry

There are six fundamental trigonometric identities called sine, cosecant, cosine,
secant, tangent and cotangent. To define these functions we use circular approach
which involves the unit circle.
These identities are reciprocal to each other:

Sine=

1
cosecant

Cosine=

1
secant

Tangent=

Cosecant=

or

Secant =

or

1
cotangent

or

1
sine

1
cosine

Cotangent=

1
tangent

Where these identities in an angle are:

Cosine=

Sine=

Perpendicular
Hypotenuse

Secant =

Base
Hypotenuse

Tangent=

Hypotenuse
Perpendicular

Cosecant=

Perpendicular
Base

Cotangent=

Hypotenuse
Base

Base
Perpendicular

Pythagoras theorem
Hypotenuse=Base+Perpendicular
The other trignometric identities are
cos2 +sin2 =1
1+tan2 =sec2
Sec2 -tan2 =1
1+cot2 =cosec2

or cosec2 -cot2 =1

Signs of trignometric ratios in different quadrants

(i)

If

lies in first quadrant then a point P (x, y) on its terminal side has x

and y co-ordinate positive and in first quadrant all ratios will be

positive.
(ii)

lies in 2nd quadrant, then point P(x,y) on its terminal side has

If

negative x-coordinate and positive y-coordinate.

(iii)

When

lies in third quadrant, then a point P(x,y) on its terminal side

has negative x-coordinate and negative y-coordinate.

(iv)

When

Cos

lies in fourth quadrant then point P(x,y) on the terminal side of

has positive x-coordinate and y-coordinate.

0
1

30

45

1
2

2
Sin
tan

0
0

1
2

1/2

1
3

60

90

180

1/2

-1

3
2