PGE 361 Lecture 16 Relative Permeability Correlations (Compatibility Mode) PDF

Relative Permeability Concepts
PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Delivered By: Eng. Abdulbari A. Arefi
Relative Permeability
y Concepts
p
L t
Lecture
Outline
O tli
Effective and relative permeability
Two phase relative permeability

a) drainage process
b) imbibition process
c) two phase relative permeability correlations
d) relative permeability from capillary pressure data
e) relative permeability from analytical equations

y Concepts
p
L t
Lecture
Outline
O tli
Relative permeability ratio
Dynamic pseudo
pseudo--relative permeabilities
Normalization and averaging relative permeability data
Laboratory determination of relative permeability
Use of effective and relative permeability

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:









Example
Generate the drainage relative permeability data for an

unconsolidated well-sorted sand by using the Wyllie and Gardner
method. Assume the following critical saturation values:
Soc = 0.3, Swc = 0.25, Sgc = 0.05

Sorting from Capillary Data
well sorted fine
unsorted
poorly sorted slightly coarse
well sorted coarse
well sorted
poorly sorted slightly fine

Example

Solution
Generate the oil-water relative permeability data by applying

Equation 5-4 in conjunction with Equation 5-2, to give:

Example

Solution
Apply Equation 5-7 in conjunction with Equation 5-1 to generate

relative permeability data for the gas-oil system.

Example

Solution
Using Pirsons
Pirson s correlation for the water-oil system
system.



Example
Use Corey
Coreys
s approximation to generate the gas-oil relative
permeability for a formation with a connate water saturation of 0.25.
Solution

Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data:




Example
The laboratory capillary pressure curve for a water-oil system

between the connate water saturation and a water saturation of
100% is represented by the following linear equation:
Pc = 22 - 20 Sw
The
e connate
co ate water
ate saturation
satu at o is
s 30%
30%.
Using Wyllie and Gardner methods, generate the relative
permeability
p
y data for the oil-water system.
y


Solution
Step 1. Integrate the capillary pressure equation, to give:


Solution
Step 2. Evaluate the above integral at the following limits:


Solution
Step 3. Construct the following working table:

Relative Permeability From Analytical Equations:





This Figure
schematically
h
ti ll illustrate
ill t t
the key critical
saturations and the
corresponding relative
permeability values for
Water-oil system that
are used in the previous
analytical Equations.


This Figure
schematically
h
ti ll illustrate
ill t t
the key critical
saturations and the
corresponding relative
permeability values
gas-oil system that are
used in the previous
analytical Equations.


Example
Using the analytical expressions of Equations 5-225-27,

5-225-27 generate
the relative permeability and capillary pressure data. The following
information on the water-oil and gas-oil systems is available:
Swc = 0.25
Sgc = 0.05
Sorw = 0.35
Sorg =0.23
(kro)Swc = 0.85 (krw)Sorw = 0.4 (Pc)Swc = 20 psi

(kro)Sgc = 0.60 (krg)Swc = 0.95
no = 0.9
np = 0.71
nw = 1.5
ngo = 1.2
ng = 0.6 (pc)
npg = 0.51
Slc = 30 psi


Solution
Step 1. Calculate residual liquid saturation Slc.
Slc
= Swc + Sorg
= 0.25
0 25 + 0.23
0 23 = 0.48
0 48


Solution
Step 2. Generate relative permeability and capillary pressure data for
oil water system by applying Equations 5-22 through 5-24.


Solution
Step 3. Apply Equations 5-25 through 5-27 to determine the relative
permeability and capillary data for the gas-oil system.

Relative Permeability Ratio

The relative permeability ratio expresses the ability of a reservoir to
permit flow of one fluid as related to its ability to permit flow of
another fluid under the same circumstances.
The two most useful permeability ratios are krg/kro the relative
permeability to gas with respect to that to oil and krw/kro the relative
permeability to water with respect to that to oil, it being understood
that both q
quantities in the ratio are determined simultaneously
y on a
given system.
The relative permeability ratio may vary in magnitude from zero to
infinity.


Because the wide range
of the relative
permeability ratio values,
the p
permeability
y ratio is
usually plotted on the log
scale of semilog paper as
a function of the
saturation.
Like many relative
permeability ratio curves,
the central or the main
portion of the curve is
quite
it linear.
li


This Figure shows a plot
of krg/kro versus gas
saturation. It has become
common usage to express
the central straight-line
portion of the relationship
in the following analytical
form:
The constants a and b may be

determined
dete mined by
b selecting the
coordinate of two different
points on the straight-line
portion of the curve and
substituting in the above
Equation.


The resulting two equations
can be solved
simultaneously for the
constants a and b.
b
Point 1: at Sg = 0.2, krg/kro = 0.07
Point 2: at Sg = 0.4,, krg/k
/ ro = 0.70
Imposing the two points on the

above Equation gives:
0.07 = a e0.2b
0.70 = a e0.4b
Solving
g simultaneously
yg
gives:
The intercept
a = 0.0070
The slope
b = 11.513

Solving simultaneously gives:
The intercept a = 0.0070
The slope
b = 11.513


In a similar manner, this
figure shows a semilog
plot of kro/krw versus
water saturation.
The middle straight-line
portion of the curve is
expressed by a
relationship similar to
that of Equation 5-28
where the slope b has a negative value.


- Dynamic pseudo-relative permeabilities:




Relative Permeability Concepts22

- Normalization and averaging relative permeability data:










- Laboratory determination of relative permeability:










Relative Permeability Concepts24

- Use of effective and relative permeability:
1
2






- Three phase relative permeability:








a) three phase relative permeability correlations:








Concepts
p 23



Lecture 24-continue

REFERENCES:
Ahmed, Tarek : Reservoir Engineering
Handbook-Ch.5: Relative Permeability
Concepts Second Edition
Concepts,
Edition, Gulf Professional
Publishing, 2001.
-
Amyx, James : Petroleum Reservoir

Engineering, 1960-Ch-3


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Relative Permeability Concepts

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Effective and relative permeability

Two phase relative permeability

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Relative permeability ratio

Normalization and averaging relative permeability data

Laboratory determination of relative permeability

Use of effective and relative permeability

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

Generate the drainage relative permeability data for an

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Sorting from Capillary Data

well sorted fine

poorly sorted slightly coarse

well sorted coarse

poorly sorted slightly fine

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

Generate the oil-water relative permeability data by applying

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

Apply Equation 5-7 in conjunction with Equation 5-1 to generate

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Two Phase Relative Permeability Correlations:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data:

The laboratory capillary pressure curve for a water-oil system

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Relative Permeability From Capillary Pressure Data:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties

Relative Permeability From Analytical Equations:

PGE 361 Reservoir Rock Properties