Shiv Shrimant Kokate

Shivaji Rajanche Khare Shatru Kon?

VmdZm
NnVr [edmOr _hmamO ho OmJ[VH [HVuMo, Am[U HVwdmMo amOo AmhoV. ^y[_nwm`m
ghHm`mZo amOmZr dam` [Z_mU Hobo. nU amOmMo [Z[ddmX M[a CnbY Zmhr ho HQyg` Amho.
H[nVHWm, aOHVm ho [edM[amVrb ASWio AmhoV. [edM[a ho nwVHmV Z _mdUmao OrdZHm`
Amho. [edM[amda AZoH AJmZr [b[hUo JaOoMo Amho. [edM[a ho Hodi Smo`mda KoDZ
[_ad`mMm [df` Zmhr, Va Smo`mV Kmb`mMm [df` Amho. [edM[amda _m[bHm, ZmQHo, [MnQ,
_hmZmQ [Z_mU HaUo Am[U `m`mZo XoUo hm AZoHmZr YXm Hobm Amho. Aem HmimV HQwVoMm
[dMma Z HaVm lr_V HmoHmQo `mZr A`V gemoYZnyU Ago ""[edmOramOmMo Iao ey HmoU?'' ho
amOm`m OrdZmVrb An[a[MV ~m~tda Hme QmHUmao nwVH [b[hbo Amho. amOmZm OmVr`Ym[_H MmHQrV ASHdUo, am`aoam`m _[XamV enW KoVbr Hr Zmhr, _hmamUr nwVim~mBMo gVr
OmUo, ^dmZr Vbdma, ~hwOZ[VnmbH hU`mEodOr Jm ~mU[VnmbH hUUo `mnmRr_mJMo
fS`, [OOmD_mgmho~mMo [ZYZ Hgo Pmbo? amOmMm IyZ Hem Hmao Ha`mV Ambm? _ZwdmXr
[edO`Vr`m VmaIobm [damoY Hm HaVmV? `m~m~V lr_VMo gemoYZ Zm[d`nwU Amho. `mgmRr
lr_V HmoHmQo `mZr ~aoM l_ KoVbo AmhoV.
amOmZr gd OmVrY_m`m ^y[_nwmZm gmo~V KoDZ dam` [Z[_Vr Hobr. `m_`o ~mOr
nmgbHa, HmhmoOr OoYo, [edmOr Hm[eX, [Odm _hmbm, ~[hOu ZmBH, [hamoOr \OX, ZwaImU ~oJ,
HmPr hXa, bm` nmQrb, `ogmOr HH, [\aJmoOr, Vmnamd, HmoSmOr \OX, gw`amd HmHSo, ZoVmOr
nmbHa, [g[ [hbmb, [g[ B~m[h_, \[HamMm Imna nUOmo~m, _wamaOr d ~mOr^y, ho ^y B.
gd OmVr Y_mMo ghHmar amOmgmRr mUnUmZo bTbo.
`m gJr XmXmoOr HmoSXod, HUmOr HwbHUu, am_Xmg, _moamonV B. AZoH ^QOr AmSdo
Ambo. AmSdo Ambo`mZm amOmZr nam^yV Hobo. A\ObImZ ^oQr`m gJr amOmda dma HaUm`m
HUmOr ^mHa HwbHUubm amOmZR Rma _mabo. amOmZm AmO_ mg XoUm`m eyMr _m[hVr Va
lr_VZo VwV nwVHmV [XbrM, nU AmO`m VmaIon`V [edM[a, [edgy Am[U [edZrVrbm

OmUrdnydH ~XZm_ HaUm`m [QiH, gmdaHa, nwaXao, ~oSoHa Am[U `.[X. \SHoMm XoIrb nXm\me
Hobm Amho.
_hmamOmZm [OdVnUr mg XoUmao Ogo ey AmhoV, VgoM `mMm ~XZm_rHmaH B[Vhmg
[b[hUmao \SHo, _mQo, HQH XoIrb ey AmhoV. `mZr amOmMm d _amRm [`mMm
~XZm_rHmaH B[Vhmg n[h`m ISmV [b[hbm. lr_VZo `m ~m~VrV [b[hbo Amho. nU [V[H`m
Xo`mV er IM Ha`mojm Zd[Z[_VrMr JaO Amho. ^md[ZH nmVirda boIZ Hmb~mh RaVo.
`mgmRr eyMm CboI HZ `mZm _moRo Ha`mnojm [edmOramOm`m [_mda XoIrb [bhmdo.
[edM[amVrb AZoH ~m~r AZ[^kM AmhoV. `mMm emoY `mdm.
lr_V hm gOZ[eb A`mgy Am[U naIS [dMmamMm ^mdr dm Amho. `m_wio [dZVrdOm
gyMZm Amho Hr, g^mOramOmda XoIrb [bhmdo.
nwfmom_ IoSoHa
(amr` A`j, _amRm godm gK)

boIHmMo _ZmoJV...
[edmOramOo ho [dd amOo AmhoV. amOmMo HVd ho gwdUmjamZr KamKamV HmoZ Rodmdo
Ago Amho. amOmZr \ 50 dfm`m Am`w`mV Ae` Hm` e` HZ XmI[dbo. g_mO`dWoV
Am_wbmJ n[adVZ Ha`mgmRr amOmZr [Z[^SnUo PwO [Xbr. `mgmRr amOmZm hmVmV e Yamdo
bmJbo. nU amOmZr emMo `w H_rVH_r Hobo. MmVw`mMm dmna HZ amOmZr naMH [ZXmibo.
`mgJr `mZm Iwn [damoY Pmbm. `mZm [damoY hmoV Zmhr Vo n[adVZ H eHV ZgVmV. gJr
amOmda mUKmVH hbo Pmbo, ZmC_oX Ha`mMm `Z Pmbm. nU amOmZr `m gd gHQmda _mV
Hobr. A\ObImZ, em[hVoImZ, [grOmha, [XboaImZ, AmaJOo~ `m eyZm [edam`mZr nam^yV
Hobo. HmaU Vo CKS ey hmoVo, CKS ey[d bTUo \ma gmono AgVo. `m`m[d SmdnoM AmIVm
`oVmV. nU JwVey[d SmdnoM AmIVm `oV ZmhrV. `m_wio CKS eynojm JwV ey \ma
IVaZmH AgVmo. AmaJOo~ Vo A\ObImZ ho amOmMo CKS ey hmoVo. Vo amOmMo Ha [damoYH hmoVo.
`m~m~V Xw_V Zmhr. nU amOm`m Aml`mbm amhUmao [_dmMo gmoJ HaUmao Am[U gHQg_`r
[edam`mZm Rma _ma`mgmRr CKS ew`m HinmV gh^mJr hmoUmao amOmMo Iao ey AmhoV. nU
njnmVr B[Vhmg boIZmHmZr `m eyMm OmUrdnydH CboI Qmibobm Amho. g_HmbrZ HmJXn,
dVw[Z nwamdo AgVmZmXoIrb amOm`m eyMo CXmmrHaU Ha`mMo nmVH Hmhr [edem[hamZr Am[U
HmX~arHmamZr Hobobr Amho. naVy B[VhmgmV H[dHnZm, aOHVm, `[JV_V, bm[b`, Xof,
nwdJhXy[fVdmr `m ~m~tZm A[O~mV WmZ ZgVo.
[edmOr amOm`m B[VhmgmMo VQWnUo Am[U nmaXeH dmrZo boIZ Hobo Va [edmOr
amOmMo Iao ey XmXmoOr HmoSXod, HUmOr HwbHUu, am`~mKrU Xoe_wI, _waJwSZmXJmd `oWrb Omoer,
_moamonV qnJio, AmUmOr Xmo, C_mOr n[SV, amhwOr gmo_ZmW, JmJm^, hUy_Vo, am_Xmg B. AmhoV.
darb gdmZr amOmZm Hgm d [HVr mg [Xbm. dam`[Z[_Vr`m Hm_mV Hgo ASWio AmUbo.
gJr amOm`m AJmda dma Hobo. AIoa [edam`mMm IyZ XoIrb amhwOr gmo_ZmWmZo Hgm Hobm. ho
AmnUmbm VwV nwVHmV dmM`mg [_iobM naVw AmnUmbm Hmhr ~m~r A[` dmQVrb Am[U
IQHVrbgwm. nU [_hmo EH ImoQ hOmamo doim gm[JVb Hr Iao dmQV AgVo, Am[U EH Iao
gwdmVrbm gm[JVbo Hr IQHV AgVo. nU ho Iao gmJ`mMo YmSg Am[U Am[U EoHyZ, dmMyZ,
g_OyZ Ko`mMo YmSg Ammm AmnU Hamdo. hr Z_ [dZVr HaVmo. Hmhr ~m~r IQH`m Va [dMma
ZmdmMr Iyn _moRr er Amn`m nmRrer Amho. [H_mZ AmnU [dMma Var Hamdm. VwV nwVHVrb
EHhr eX [ZamYma [b[hbobm Zmhr, `oH [RHmUr gX^ [Xbobm AmhoM. VgoM nmRr_mJo gX^
gyMr XoIrb [Xbobr Amho. KSbo`m KQZo_mJo Vm[HH, _mZgemr`, Vm[dH AmYma Amho.

amOmMo ey `m`m IwZm~amo~a gnbo ZmhrV, `mMr g`m nwTo PnmQmZo dmTbr.
^w[_nymMo dam` [JiHV HaUm`m noe`mZr amOmZr dHVdmda gw Hobobm [edeH ~X Hobm.
[QiHmZr [edO`Vr ~X nmS`mgmRr JUoemogd gw Hobm. Ao, gmdaHa, nwaXao, ~oSoHa,
\SHo `mZr [edam`mZm ~XZm_ Hobo. Va [d^wfU ^maVaZ Sm. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oSHamZr
[edmOramOmMo [M[HgH boIZ Hobo. am[nVm `mo[Vamd \wbo `mZr [edO`Vr gw Hobr. H_dra
^mDamd nmQrb `mZr AmO_ _hmamOmMm O`O`Hma HaV ^y[_nwmZm [ejU [Xbo. gm[h`aZ Wmoa
g_mOgwYmaH AUm^mD gmRo `m`m_wioM [edmOr_hmamO a[e`mbm g_Obo. Sm.nOm~amd
Xoe_wI, ~moYZHma Hoed RmHao, H_dra Sm._m_mgmho~ OJXmio, ZoVmOr gw^mfMX ~mog, ^JVqgJ
ho [edmOr amOmMo [Zgr_ ^ hmoVo `mgmRr AZoH dVw[Z gX^ VwV nwVHmV AmhoV. `m
boIZm_mJo OmVr`Xof qHdm `rXmof ZgyZ \ g`gemoYZ Amho. g`boIZ, g`^mfm hUOo
[e`m ZhoV. ^maVr` g_mOmda hOmamo dfmnmgyZ HWm, HmX~ar, [MnQmMm ^md Ag`m_wio
I`m B[VhmgmnmgyZ g_mO d[MV am[hbm.
dmVd B[Vhmg gemoYZmg d boIZmV Am[bHSo _hmammV _moRr HmVr Pmbobr Amho.
B[VhmgmMm` m. _m. _. Xoe_wI ho I`m B[VhmgmMo OZH AmhoV. JVdfu [dd amOm [edmOr
`m _m`m nwVH HmeZmZo _bm A[YH boIZmgmRr _hmammVrb dmMHmZr o[aV Hobo. _hmammVyZ
[V[H`m_H hOmamo no _bm [_imbr. `m nwVHmZVa [edmOramOmMo Iao ey HmoU? ho
nwVH Amn`m hmVr XoVmZm AmZX hmoV Amho. _mPo [_ drU Jm`HdmS d emVmam_ HwOra
`m`m_wio ho nwVH dmMHm`m hmVr XoVm Ambo. VwV nwVH ho A[^[Mnojm Xoem`m
Amd`HVogmRr Amho. HmaU Iam B[Vhmg g_O`m[edm` Iam B[Vhmg KSV ZgVmo. XoemVrb
XJbr, OmVr`Vm, AYlm gnmdr `mgmRrM ho nwVH Amn`m hmVr XoV Amho. `m nwVHmMo AmnU
EHmJVoZo dmMZ Hamdo d BVamZm dmM`mg dm Hamdo hr [dZVr. Amn`m A[^m`mMr [Vjm!

lr_V HmoHmQ

[edO`Vr`m VmarIVmarI-[VWrMm dmX HmoUr [Z_mU Hobm

1869gmbr am[nVm OmoVramd \wbo `mZr am`JSmdarb [edam`mMr g_mYr emoYyZ HmTbr d
[edam`m`m OrdZmda OJmVrb n[hbm Am[U [XK Agm Iam nmodmSm [b[hbm. [edam`mMo
OJ[d`mV Hm` KamKamV nmohMmdo `mgmRr OmoVramd \wbo `mZr 1870 gmbr [edO`Vr gw Hobr.
[edO`VrMm n[hbm Hm`H_ nwUo `oWo nma nSbm. Vohm nmgyZ [edO`Vr _moRm Yw_YSm`mV gw
Pmbr. `mgJr [QiH 12-13 dfmMo "~mi' hmoVo. [edO`VrMm dmTVm bmoHmogd noedmB`m
g_WHmZm IwnV hmoVm. HmaU noe`mZr [edeH ~X HZ _w[b_mMm \gbr eH gw Hobm hmoVm.
[edam`mMm am`JS CdV HZ XVaImZm Omibm hmoVm. `m noedmBMo g_WZ d ~mUmMo Oo
nwTmar ~mi JJmYa [QiH `mZr [edO`Vr ~X nmS`mgmRr JUoemogd gw HZ [ed^mV
[edO`Vr~m~X g^_ [Z_mU HaUmao [QiH ho Am ~mU AmhoV. nwTo ~mUmZr [edO`Vr
[ZpMV hmoD Z`o `mgmRr "dmX' Hm`_ Rodbm. HmaU [edO`Vr`m [Z[_mmZo Om EH `oBb.
I`m [edMarmVyZ h-A[YHmamMr _mJUr HaUmao [ed^ [Z_mU hmoVrb, ho amoI`mgmRr
~mUmZr [edO`VrMm dmX Mmby Rodbm.
hm dmX gnmdm `mgmRr _hmam emgZmZo 1966-67 gmbr dm.gr.~oXo, Z.a.\mQH,
J.h.Iao, X.dm. nmoVXma, Sm.Amnmgmmo. ndma, ~._.nwaXao `mMr EH g[_Vr WmnZ Hobr. dmXJV
~m~tgmRr emgZ g[_Vr WmnZ HaVo, CXm.lrHU Am`moJ, `m.gmdV Am`moJ B.`m_mUo
[edO`VrMr VmarI [Z[MV Ha`mgmRr emgZmZo [edM[a gemoYHmMr g[_Vr WmnZ Hobr. `m
Hm_mbm 2 df bmJVmV VoWo `mZm 30 Vo 33 dfo bmJbo, hUOoM hm doiHmTynUm hmoVm. `m
g[_VrZo 19 \o~wdmar 1630 hr O_VmarI emgZmbm gmXa Hobr.
19\o~wdmar hr [edO`VrMr VmarI Omhra Pm`m~amo~a Hmb[ZU` HboSadmbo O`V
gmiJmdHa `mZr [V[W_mUo [edO`Vr gmOao Hamdr Ago AmhmZ Hobo. `mgmRr dV_mZnmV
OmhramVr [X`m. `m nmRr_mJo gmiJmdHamMo [edam`m~m~V o_ ZgyZ dmX [Z_mU HaUo hr ^y[_Hm
hmoVr. gmiJmdHamZr [VWrMm AmJh YaVmM `mgmRr nwaXao, ~oSoHa, _ohXio `mZr [VWr g_WZmW
gmiJmdHamZm n [Xbr. emgZm`m g[_VrV AgUmao nwaXao [VWr`m hUOoM ~mUm`m HinmV
Kwgbo. hUOo nwaXao ho [edmOr o_r ZgyZ [QiH, gmiJmdHa B.~mUo_r d [dZgVmofr AmhoV ho
[g hmoVo. gmiJmdHa, nwaXao, ~oSoHa Am[X ~mUmZr [edO`Vr [VWr_mUo hmdr hm AmJh
Yabm. [edO`Vr`m VmarIVmarI-[VWrMm dmX HmoU`mhr amOHr` njmZo [Z_mU Hobobm ZgyZ nwaXao,
~oSoHa Am[U gmiJmdHa `mZr [Z_mU Hobm. nU hm dmX gd hmdm `mgmRr ~mUmZr `mbm

amOHr` dn [Xbo. AZoH am`HVmZm _m[hV Zmhr Hr hm dmX ~mUmZr [Z_mU Hobobm Amho.
`mgmRr ~mUmZr Zoh_r_mUo Y_-gHVrMo h`ma nwTo Hobo. ~mUmZr [edO`Vr`m VmaIobm
[damoY Va [VWrMm AmJh Yabm. `m _mJrb fS` Hm`?
VmaIo_mUo [edO`Vr gmOar Pmbr Va dmX gnyZ XoemV d OJmV [edO`Vr hmoBb, HmaU
XoemVrb Jm_nMm`V, emim, HmboOog nmgyZ `m`mb`, ggX B.gd Hma^ma VmaIo_mUo MmbVmV.
VmarI dfmVyZ EHXmM Am[U EHmM _[h`mV `oVo. `m_wio dmX gnVmo. gaHmar ~Hm, Hm`mb`o,
emim, _hm[dmb`mV [edM[amda ^mfUo hmoVmV. `m_wio [edam`mMo Iao [edM[a OZVobm
g_OVo. Iao [edM[a g_Obo Va ~hwOZg_mO ~mUmbm _m\ HaUma Zmhr, hr ^rVr ~mUmZm
Amho. hUyZ ~mU [edM[amV, O`VrV dmX [Z_mU HaVmV. hUOo [V[H`m Xo`mVM ~hwOZ
g_mOmMr er IM hmdr hm ~mUmMm Smd Amho. BJOr HboSa hUyZ VmaIobm [damoY HaUmao
~mU _m dV: BJOr [eHVmV. BJOr gJUH, _mo~mBb dmnaVmV. O`V gmiJmdHa HboSa
OmZodmar EodOr M _[h`mV Hm ~mOmamV AmUrV ZmhrV? HboSa _`o VmaIoMo AmHSo _moRo d
[VWrMo bhmZ Hm QmHVmV? ~mUmZm AmO BJOr Am[U nydu BJOm[edm` Ha_V ZhVo Vo AmO
[edO`Vr`m VmaIobm [damoY HaVmV.
~mU [edO`VrgmRr [VWrMm AmJh Hm YaVmV? [VWr_mUo XoemVrb HmoUVmhr Hma^ma
MmbV Zmhr. Amnbo Jmd, emim, Xoe [VWr_mUo Zmhr Va VmaIo_mUo MmbVmo. [VWr _mUo dmX
Hm`_ amhVmo. HmaU [VWr HYr _mM_`o Va HYr E[b-_o _`o `oVo. [VWr_mUo Jm_nMm`V qHdm
mW[_H emim XoIrb MmbV Zmhr. [edmOramOo Va [dd Ago `wJnwf AmhoV. [VWrV
ASH[d`mBVHo amOo bhmZ ZmhrV. [edam`mZm bhmZnU XoDZ amOo Hm`_ dmXmV ahmdoV `mgmRr
gmiJmdHamZr VmarI-[VWrMm dmX [Z_mU Hobm. [VWr Ambr Hr nMmJ Ambo, nMmJ Ambo Hr
^QOr Ambm. ^QOrMr amoOJma h_r Mmbmdr Am[U dmXmVM [edam` d [ed^ gnmdoV `mgmRr
^QOr [VWrMm AmJh YaVmV.
VmarI [VWrMm dmX bmdyZ ~mUmZr [ed^mV XmoZ JQ nmSbo VmaIoMo Am[U [VWrMo
[ed^ Agm gKf ~mUmZr [Z_mU Hobm. [edam`mMr XmoZ doim O`Vr HZ ~mUmZr
EH _hmZ amOmMr qQJb bmdbobr Amho. ~mU HYr JwZmZH, _hmdra, ~w, ^maVaZ
Sm.~m~mgmho~ Am~oSHa `m`m O`VrgmRr [VWrMm AmJh YaVmV Hm? Vmo g_mO OmJm Ag`m_wio
~mU ho YmSg HaV ZmhrV. ~mUmZr Sm. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oSHam`m O`VrgmRr [VWrMm AmJh
Yamdm, Hm` hmoVo Vo nmhm.

[_hmo, EHm [RHmUr [edM[amd `m`mZmgmRr Jobmo AgVmZm VmarI-[VWr`m dmXmdZ

XmoZ njm`m Hm`H`mV MS dmXmdmXr Mmby hmoVr hm gJ nmhyZ Iyn dmBQ dmQbo. [edM[amda
[dMma Ha`mEodOr O`VrMm dmX Hm`HVo HaV hmoVo. `m_mJo ~hwOZmMo AkmZ Va ~mUmMm HwanUm
Amho. nU Xmohr njm`m Hm`HVmZm [edO`Vr`m VmarI [VWr`m dmXmMo _wi Oohm g_Obo
Vohm gd _V^oX [dgZ gdmZr 19 \o~wdmarbm [edO`Vr OmoaXma gmOar Hobr.

[edmOramOmda dma HaUmam HUm ^mHa HwbHUu

A\ObImZ hm amOm`m ^oQr`m [Z[_mmZo Rma _ma`mgmRr Ambobm Amho. hr
Imrbm`H ~mV_r Vw_oO_mZZo amOmZm gm[JVbr. A\ObImZ [dOmnwahyZ WoQ dmBV Ambm. Vmo
VwiOmnya qHdm nTanyabm Jobm Zmhr. (gX^-goVy _mYd nJSr [b[IV [edM[a EH A`mg)
^mdZm ^S[d`mgmRr ImZmZo _wVuMr [dQ~Zm Hobr, Agm OmUrdnydH ImoQm B[Vhmg [b[hbm Jobm.
A\ObImZ dmBV Am`m~amo~a dVZmgmRr dmBMo ~mU ImZmbm ^oQbo. d [edam`mZm Rma
_ma`mgmRr gd Hmao ghHm` Ha`mMo `mZr ImZmbm Z[^dMZ [Xbo, `m gJr ImZmMm dHrb
_wgb_mZ ZhVm, Va HUm ^mHa HwbHUu hm hmoVm. `mZo amOmMr AZoH Jw[nVo ImZmbm gm[JVbr.
`j A\ObImZ ^oQr`m gJr amOm`m AJmda [MbIV Ag`mZo amOmMo mU dmMbo.
amOmZr ImZmbm Rma _mabo. `mgJr HUm ^mHa HwbHUuZo amOm`m Hnmimda VbdmarMm dma
Hobm. (gX^ ~._mo nwaXao [b[IV- amOm [edNnVr) amOm`m AJmV [MbIV Amho, `mMr Imr
HwbHUubm Pmbr hmoVr. hUyZM HwbHUuZr amOm`m Hnmimda dma Hobm. amOm`m gnyU Am`w`mV
HmoUrhr amOmZm OI_ H eHbm Zmhr. AmJm, nhmim, emBVoImZ hbm `m gJr amOm`m
Hogmbmhr Ym bmJbm Zmhr. A\ObImZ, [XboaImZ, AmaJOo~, [gr, g`X ~Sm `mZmXoIrb
amOmZm OI_ Ha`mV `e Ambo Zmhr. Vo Hm_ HUm HwbHUuZo Hobo. HwbHUubm Imr hmoVr Hr
amOm AmnUmbm Rma _maUma Zmhr. HmaU ~h`m nmn Amho. ho JWmV [b[hbobo Amho. nU amOmZr
Hnmimda dma HaUm`m XheVdmXmMo _yi HUm HwbHUuMo VwHSo-VwHSo Hobo. hUOo amOmZr
JWm_m` ZmHmabo. ^y[_nwmMo dam` [Z_mU HaUm`m amOmda HwbHUuZo n[hbm dma Hobm hmoVm.
`mgJr [gr B~m[h_ ho amOmMo AJajH hmoVo. amOmda dma HaUm`m g`X ~Smbm Rma _maUmao
[OdmOr _hmbo ho amOmMo [ZmdV AJajH hmoVo, hUOo [_ HmoU Am[U ey HmoU? `mMm [dMma
dmMHmZrM Hamdm. A\ObImZ H~ar~m~V Qmhmo \moSUmamZr [dMma Hamdm Hr, A\ObImZmbm

VmnJSmn`V `o`mg HmoUr _XV Hobr? boIHmZr amOmda dma HaUm`m HUm HwbHUuMm HUmOr
Hobm Va amOmMo ajH HaUm`m [OdmOr _hmboMm [Odm Hobm.

[edam`m[d bTUmar am`~mKrU Xoe_wI

[edmOramOo nhmiJSmda ASH`mZVa emBVoImZ nwUo `oWo Ambm. emBVoImZbm [dO`
[_i[d`mgmRr am`~mKrU Xoe_wI(~mU) hr HmaVb~ImZm`m Immbm ImXm bmdyZ amOm`m
[d bTbr. C_aqISrV amOm`m g[ZHmZr [VMm nam^d Hobm. VarXoIrb am`~mKrU _`on`V
amOm`m [d bTbr. `mMm AW ~mUmZm amOm`m dam`mnojm AmaJOo~-AmXrbehmMo am`
hdo hmoVo.
am`~mKrUMm nVr CXmam_ Xoe_wI hm XoIrb _moKbmMm gaXma hmoVm. `m`m AHmbr
[ZYZm_wio am`~mKrUrbm _moKbmZr gaXmaHr ~hmb Hobr hmoVr. hUyZM am`~mKrU _moKbmMr _Ou
amI`mgmRr amOmZm [damoY HarV hmoVr. HmaVb~ImZm`m Immbm ImXm bmdyZ bTUmar
am`~mKrU emBVoImZmMr [hVqMVH hmoVr.

[XboaImZm`m `emgmRr HmoQrMSr`k HaUmao 400 ~mU

[edmOramOmMm nam^d Ha`mgmRr O`qgJgh [XboaImZ bmImo g[ZH KoDZ nwaXabm
Ambm. [XboaImZmbm `e [_imdo `mgmRr nwUo `oWo 400 ~mU [XboaImZmbm ^Qbo d HmoQrMSr`k
Ha`mMm gbm [Xbm. amOmMo dam` gnmdo Am[U [XboaImZMm [dO` hmdm `mgmRr 400
~mU HmoQrMSr `km`m AZwmZmg ~gbo. `mdoir [XboaImZmHSyZ 2 HmoQr hmoZ (ghm HmoQr .) `m
~mUmZr KoVbo. hUOo [dO` HmoUmMm Hm hmoBZm Amn`mbm ngm [_imdm d [edmOr-[XboaImZ
`mMo `w hmdo hr dmr AgUmao ~mU hoM amOmMo ey hmoVo. `m `km_wioM [XboaImZmbm oaUm
[_imbr d amOmMm XmU nam^d Pmbm. (gX^-g^mgX [b[IV lr.[ed^wMo M[a)
`m [RHmUr [edam`mMr A`V _hdmMr ^y[_Hm HfmZo OmUdVo, Vr hUOo amOmZr
HmoQrMSr`k Hobm Zmhr. nw`mVrb ~mUmZm [XboaImZmnojm amOm`m amOJSmMo AVa Odi hmoVo,
nU [XboaImZmMr ^oQ `mZr Hm KoVbr? `mMm AW amOmZr `k Hamdm Agm `Z ~mUmZr Hobm

Agmdm. nU amOmZr `k Ha`mg gm\ ZHma [Xbm. `mMm AW amOmMm `m IwiMQ [dYrda [dmg
ZhVm, ho n hmoVo. `k, A[^foH, g`Zmam`U, nwOm-AMm, JW nRUmZo g_`m gwQUma ZmhrV.
`mMr nyU OmUrd amOmZm Pmbr hmoVr. `m_wio amOmHSyZ ngm CHi`mMm nwamo[hVmMm Smd `edr
Pmbm Zmhr. hUOo ~mUmMo bj ngm, gmm Am[U gnmrda AgVo. `mgmRr Vo HmoUmMrhr ~mOy
KoVmV Am[U ^mSU bmdyZ dV:Mo [hV gmYVmV. hUyZM [edmOramOmZm gn[d`mgmRr nw`mVrb
~mUmZr [XboaImZmMr ~mOy KoVbr. HmaU `mZm dmQbo Agmdo Hr, [XboaImZ-O`qgJm`m
PPmdmVmnwTo amOmMm [Z^md bmJUma Zmhr. hUyZ `edr _moJbmZmM ghHm` Hamdo. nU amOmZr
Vhmd`o [dO` [_idbm. Am[U nwTo Oohm amOmMm `emMm AmboI dmTV Jobm. Vohm ~mUmZr
amOmMr ~mOy KoVbr. nU `m ghHm`m_mJo nyU TmoJrnUm hmoVm. ho am`[^foHm`m HfmZo OmUdbo.

AmaJOo~m`m nXar AgUm`m O`qgJmMm g[Md CX`amO

CX`amO ZmdmMm ~mU amOm O`qgJmMm g[Md hmoVm. `mZo O`qgJmbm [df XoDZ _mabo.
O`qgJmMo _hdmMo XVa `mZo nidbo. Vmo nwTo AmaJOo~mHSo Jobm Am[U _wgb_mZ Pmbm.
CX`amOMm Vm[b`maImZ Pmbm. `mMmM _wbJm [hXm`VImZ nwTo _moJbm`m nXar hmoVm. Imo~ao
[VHSo MmJ^bo hr ~mUmMr gHVr Amho.

AmaJOo~mMm YmZ aKwZmWXmg

aKwZmWXmg ZmdmMm ~mU AmaJOo~mMm YmZ hmoVm. [edam`mMo am` gnmdo `mgmRr Vmo
Zoh_r `Z[eb hmoVm. AmaJOo~m~b o_ hUyZ Vmo ~mXehmHSo ZhVm. nX Am[U ngm [_imdm
hUyZ Vmo ~mXehmHSo hmoVm. ~mUmMo o_ \ ngm Am[U ~mUr `dWoda AgVo, `mgmRr
~mU dmQob Vr ZmQHo HaVmV. [VJm_r ~amo~aM nwamoJm_rnUmMo XoIrb Vo ZmQH HaVmV, nU
AmVyZ nwamoJm_r, [VJm_r, [dkmZdmXr, XddmXr Ago gd ~mU EHM AgVmV.
AmaJOo~mMm [edZoardarb [HboXma Am~m^Q
Am~m^Q ZmdmMm ~mU AmaJOo~m`m nXar [edZoarMm [HboXma hmoVm. [edam`mZr
[edZoar qOH`mgmRr Am~m^Qmda hbm Hobm. Vohm mU dmM[d`mgmRr [Hbm Vm`mV XoVmo

Ago Vmo amOmZm hUmbm. Am~m^QmZo [Hbm Va [Xbm ZmhrM `mCbQ Vmo AmaJOo~mHSo niyZ Jobm
Am[U _wgb_mZ Pmbm. Am~m^QmMm AXwb AOrP Pmbm nU AmOMo ~mU Mma HaVmV Hr,"
AJa [edmOr Zhr hmoVo Vmo g~Hr gwV hmoVr'! _J gmJm, [edmOramOo AgVmZm Am~m^QmZo gwVm Hm
Hobr? [edmOramOmMo Zmd KoDZ ^maVr`mZm ^rVr XmIdm`Mr Am[U dV: AmVyZ _w[b_mer g~Y
Rodm`Mm hr hOmamo dfmnmgyZ ~mUmMr Mmb Amho. `m_wio _w[b_, ~m, [IMZ Amnbo ey
ZgyZ ~mU hoM ^maVr`mMo Iao ey AmhoV.

[grbm
[grbm _XV HaUmao _waJwS ZmXJmd `oWrb Omoer
[edam`m`m OrdZmVrb gdmV _moRo e` hUOo amOmZm O[Oam [Hbm HYrM qOHVm
Ambm Zmhr. amOmZr AZoH doim `Z Hobm. nU amOmZm `e Ambo Zmhr. Varhr amOo ZmC_oX Pmbo
ZmhrV. O[Oam [Hbm amOmZm Hm qOHVm Ambm Zmhr? `m_mJo Hm` HQHmaWmZ [eObo hmoVo? `mMm
WmoSm emoY KoUo A`V _hdmMo Amho. _waJwS ZmXJmd `oWrb Omoer hm [g[`m nmRrer hmoVm.
hUyZM amOmZm O[Oam qOHVm Ambm Zmhr. `m OmoerZo [grbm [Hbm ~mY`mMm gbm [Xbm
hmoVm d `mbm nm`m^aUrMm _whyV gm[JVbm. `m_mUo [grZo (h~erZo) Hobo. OmoerZo h~erbm
gm[JVbo, Hr "Vy [Hbm _whyVmda ~mYbm AmVm O[Oam 300 dfo Vw`mHSoM amhrb. HmoUmbmhr Vmo
qOHVm `oUma Zmhr!' hUOo X[jUo`m nmZo A_mn ngm [_i[dUm`m Omoerbm amOmnojm [grMr
OmV HmiOr hmoVr. HmaU `m OmoerZo [Xbo`m daXmZm_wioM O[O`mMm [gr [ZTmdbm hmoVm.
`mZo g^mOramOmZm XoIrb Iyn mg [Xbm. Omoer`m daXmZm_wioM [grMm Am_[dmg dmTbm.
Va dam`mV [^Vr [Z_mU Pmbr. HmaU `m HmimV amOo [dkmZ[Z hmoVo, nU gm_m` OZVoda
Xodm-Y_mMm nJSm hmoVm. hUyZM O[Oam qOHVmZm _mdim`m (g[ZHm`m) _ZmV ^rVrMo
dmVmdaU hmoVo. [^Vr AgUmao g[ZH OmV g`oZo Am[U egO Agbo Varhr [dO` [_idy
eHV ZgVmV. amOmZm OmoerMr HQHmaWmZo _m[hVr hmoVr Var XoIrb amOmZm `m WmoVmSmHSo Xwbj
Hobo. Am[U O[O`mda hbm Hobm. nU amOmZm O[Oam qOHVm Ambm Zmhr. O[O`mnojm [HVrVar
HRrU [Hbo amOmZr qOHbo hmoVo. nhmbm Va HmoSmOr \OXZr \ 50 _mUgo KoDZ qOHbm hmoVm,
nU O[Oam qOH`mgmRr bmImo n`o IM Hobo, hOmamo g[ZH YmamVrWu nSbo, nU [Hbm
[grHSoM am[hbm, `m An`emMo HmaU Amho _yaJwS ZmXJmdMm Omoer! [grbm `e [_i`mgmRr
`Z HaUmam d g_mO_Zmda ^rVrMo dmVmdaU [Z_mU HZ `yZJS [Z_mU HaUmam Omoer hmM
dam`mMm d [edmOramOmMm Iam ey hmoVm.

_waJwS ZmXJmd `oWrb OmoetMo Ogo amOmda o_ ZhVo, VgoM [grda XoIrb ZhVo.
VarXoIrb [grbm O[Oam ~mY`mgmRr OmoeZo _whyV-nMmJmXmao _XV Hobr. `m _m`_mVyZ
Omoerbm Iyn YZgnmr [_imbr, hUyZM `mZo [grbm _XV Hobr. hUOo ~mU \ AWgmm
_O~yV HaUo hm Coe AgVmo. `mgmRr OmoerZo nMmJmXmao ~mUr `dWm KQQ Ha`mMm `Z
Hob. 500 dfo [Hbm AqO` amhrb Ago daXmZ XoUm`m OmoerZo EHm AWmZo ^[d`emmMo
_hd nQdyZ Xo`mMm `Z Hobm. ^[d`em ho ~mUmZm OJ`mMo d ~hwOZ g_mOmbm Hm`_Mo
Jwbm_ ~Z[d`mMo em Amho. hUOo OmoerZo [grHSyZ A_mn gnmr Va CHirM, nU ~hwOZ
g_mOmbm 500 dfmMr [^Vr OmoerZo XmI[dbr. [edmOramOmZmM Hm` nU `m`m HmoU`mhr
[nTrbm O[Oam qOHVm `oUma Zmhr hm [dfmar ~mUr [dMma ~hwOZm`m _mZJwQrda OmoerZo Hm`_Mm
~g[dbm.
nU `m [RHmUr A`V _hdmMr ~m~ hUOo [Hbm qOH`mgmRr [edmOramOmZr `Z
Hobo. `mZVa g^mOramOmZrXoIrb O[O`mMr _hdmHmjr `moOZm hmVr KoVbr. nU
AMmZH AmaJOo~mMo _hmamda AmH_U Pm`m_wio g^mOramOmZm hr _mohr_ A`mda gmoSmdr
bmJbr. AWdm g^mOramOmZr `m Hwa ~mUr `dW[d bTm C^mabm AgVm.
_WwaoVrb ~mUmZm [edmOramOmZr "X_' [X`m_wioM g^mOramOo gwa[jV
[edmOramOo AmJm HXoV ASH`mZVa _hmammV Wm~bobo d [XboaImZ `mZm ~mUmZr Iyn
_XV Hobr. Var XoIrb Aem H[RU gJr [OOm_mVmZr I~ranUo dam`mMo ajU Hobo. EHhr
[Hbm O`qgJmbm qOHVm Ambm Zmhr. BM^a ^y[_XoIrb _moJb-AmXrbehm `mZm qOHy Z
XoUm`m [OOmD _mgmho~mgma`m [Z^uS _mVm amOm`m nmRrer hmo`m hUyZ amOo AmJm `oWyZ
dofmVa HZ [ZgQbo. (amOo noQm`mVyZ Zho, Va dofmVa HZ [ZgQbo.) `mgJr amOm`m _Zmda
[HVr XSnU Agob? XyaMo AVa, dmgmMr gmYZo ZmhrV, nmdbmonmdbr ey AmhoV, gmo~V
ZD dfm`m gwny g^mOr Amho. Aem gJr g^mOrbm Rodm`Mo HmoRo? hm Z amOmnwTo hmoVm.
`mdoiog _moamonV qnJioMo ZmVodmBH _WwaoV hmoVo. VoWo g^mOrbm Rod`mMm [ZU` amOmZr KoVbm.
nU amOmZm [^Vr hmoVr Hr nem`m A[^bmfoZo ho ~mU HXm[MV g^mOrbm ey`m dmYrZ
HaVrb. HmaU amOo ~mUmZm MmJboM AmoiIyZ hmoVo. [HVrhr [OdbJ _r Agbr Var dmWmgmRr
~mU Hgm Jim KmoQVmV hm `mMm mMrZ HmimnmgyZMm B[Vhmg amOmZm MmJbmM _m[hV hmoVm.
amOmZr g^mOrbm [H_b`m dmYrZ Hobo. `m gJr amOmZm [_b ~YyZm "g^mOr`m Ordmg
YmoHm Pm`mg Vw_Mm mU KoBZ' Agm Bemam amOmZr `mZm [Xbm. `mM_mUo g^mOrbm XoIrb

EHmVmV ~aoM _mJXeZ Hobo Am[U amOo naV Ambo. A\ObImZ, emBVoImZ, O`qgJ Am[U
AmaJOo~mMr \[OVr HaUmao [edmOramOo Amnbm dehr [ebH RodUma ZmhrV `mMr [^Vr [_b
~YyZm dmQV hmoVr. hUyZM g^mOramOmer `mZr XJm \SHm Hobm Zmhr. hUOo [_bmZr
g^mOramOmZm o_m_wio Zmhr Va [^Vr_wio gm^mibo hmoVo. (gX^-N.g^mOr _maH JW, n.178-

Sm. O`qgJ ndma)

amOmam_m`m O_mdoir [edam`mZm ^rVr XmI[dUmao Y__mVS

[edam`mZm gmo`am~mB`mnmoQr 24/2/1670 amOmam_ ZmdmMm _wbJm Pmbm. _wbmMm O_
nmbWm Pmbm hmoVm. `mgJr EHm n[SVmZo amOmZm ^rVr KmVbr Hr, nmbWo O_Uo Aew^ Amho.
amOmZm ^rVr KmbyZ `k, A[^foH, g`Zmam`U, nyOm-AMm, AZwmZ Hamd`mg bmdm`Mo d
amOmHSyZ ngm, gmoZo CHim`Mo hm Smd `m n[SVmMm hmoVm. nU amOo ho IaoM OmUVo (OmUUmao) amOo
hmoVo. `mZr `m n[SVmMm Jw[nV Hmdm AmoiIbm. amOo `m n[SVmbm hUmbo, `mAWu _mPm
_wwbJm nmbWm O_bm `mAWu Vmo [XbrMr nmVemhr nmbWr KmV`m[edm` amhUma Zmhr. Ago
amOo hQ`mda Vmo n[SV WSM nSbm. HmaU amOo Amn`mbm de hmoV ZmhrV `mMr `mbm Imr
nQbr. nU amOmZm nmdbmonmdbr ^rVr Kmb`mMm d ZmC_oX Ha`mMm `Z ~mUmZr Hobm Amho.
AmaJOo~, AmXrbehm, [gr, nmoVwJrO, SM, A\ObImZ, [XboaImZ, emBVoImZ ho amOmMo CKS
ey hmoVo, Vo amOHr` ey hmoVo (Ym[_H Zho). `m`m [d amOo SmdnoM AmIV hmoVo. `mZm
amOmZr AZoHdoim nam^yV Hobo. nU [_mMo gmoJ KoDZ ~hwOZ[VnmbH NnVr [edam`mMm HmQm
HmTUmao ~mU hoM amOmMo Iao ey AmhoV. HmaU `m`m[d amOmZm SmdnoM AmIVm `oV ZhVo.
hUyZM `mZr amOmMm AdgmZKmV Hobm. hUyZM amOmZm nwaXaMm Vh Hamdm bmJbm d AmJm `oWo
Omdo bmJbo. Am[U HXoV ASHmdo bmJbo.

~mnyImZmbm _XV HaUmam ZmJmoOr n[SV

~mnyImZ hm AmXrbehmMm nhmimdarb [HboXma hmoVm. nhmim qOH`mgmRr
[edam`mZr HmoSmOr \OX `mZm nmR[dbo. HmoSmOtZr ~mnyImZmda hbm Hobm `m gJr ZmJmoOr
n[SV ZmdmMm ~mU AmXrbehm`m nXar ~mnyImZmMm _XVZrg hUyZ Hm_ HaV hmoVm.

~mnyImZmMm nam^d Pm`mMo g_O`m~amo~a ZmJmoOr n[SV nimbm. Mam`bm nwTo Am[U _am`bm
_mJo `mbm n[SV hUVmV. ngm Am[U nXmgmRr ~mU HmoUerhr VSOmoSr HaVmV d XoemV XJbr
KS[dVmV.

[edam`m`m am`m[^foHmbm qhXyY_mMm C\

C\ ~mUY_mMm [damoY
_moJb, AmXrbehm, BJO Am[U nmoVwJmb `m`m OmoISmVyZ Xoe~mYdmZm _w Ho`mZVa
[edam`mZr am`m[^foHmMm [ZU` KoVbm. naHr` gmm amOmZm ehmOramOo `m OhmJraXmamMm ~SImoa
nw g_OV. Va ~mU amOmZm amOm _mZmd`mg V`ma ZhVo. BVa amOmer Vh-dmQmKmQr HaVmZm
ASMUr `oV. `m ASMUr Xya Ha`mgmRr d ~hwOZ XoIrb dV:Mo dV am` d amOm [Z_mU H
eHVmV. hm Am_[dmg [Z_mU HZ hOmamo dfmMr Jwbm_[Jar gn[d`mgmRr [edam`mZr
am`m[^foHmMm [ZU` KoVbm.
[edam`mZr am`m[^foHmMr KmofUm Ho`m~amo~a amOmZm qhXwY_mZo HSmSyZ [damoY Hobm.
AmVm qhXyY_ hUOo Hm`? ho g_OyZ KoUo _hdmMo Amho. qhXyY_mMo _wiMo Zmd d[XH Y_ Amho.
doX ho qhXyY_mMo Y_JW Amho. Oo doX ~mU gmoSyZ BVamZm dmM`mg ~Xr hmoVr. d[XH Y_mbmMm
nwTo ~mUY_ Ago hr hQbo OmD bmJbo. gnwU ~hwOZmMo gd jomVrb ZoVd Ha`mgmRr
~mUmZr ~mUY_ `m ZmdmMm `mJ Hobm d qhXy ho Zmd YmaU Hobo. AmO Omo qhXyY_. hm _wiMm
~mUY_-d[XH Y_ Amho. hUyZM qhXyY_m`m HmoU`mhr JWmV qhXy `m eXmMm CboI Zmhr.
nU doX, d[XH, ~mU ho CboI gd gmnSVmV. qhXwY_mVrb _mU^yV JW ~mUmZr [b[hbobo
AmhoV. `m_wio Vo ~mUm`m \m`XmMo d ~hwOZmMr ~XZm_r HaUmao AmhoV. qhXyd hUOo Iao
~mUd Amho. qhXydmgmRr Omoer, HwbHUu, XoenmSo, [^So, RmHao, EH~moQo HYrM _aV ZgVmV. nU
qhXwdm`m ZmdmImbr Oohm gmm `oVo Vohm gd _w` OmJm ~mU ~iHmdVmV. _am`bm _amRo
Am[U Mam`bm _ZwdmXr gamQo hUOoM qhXwd hmo`. qhXy hr naHr`mZr nam^yV ^maVr`mZm
[Xbobr CnmYr Amho. qhXy `mMm AW Xmg, Jwbm_ Am[U nam^yV! hUyZ AmaJOo~mZo Oohm
^maVr`mZm [O[P`m Ha gw Hobm Vohm ~mUmMo EH [e_Si AmaJOo~mbm OmDZ ^oQbo Am[U
hUmbo, Amhr [O[P`m Ha ^aUma ZmhrV Vohm AmaJOo~mZo [dMmabo, Hm?> Vohm ~mU hUmbo
Amhr ^maVr` Zmhr. Amhr XoIrb Vw_`mgmaIo naXoemVyZ Ambobmo AmhmoV. `m_wio Amhr
^maVr` hUOoM qhXy Zmhr. \ma Va Amhr Vwhmbm [O[P`m Ha qhXyHSyZ dgyb HZ XoVmo! hUOo

nhm, `m ~mUmZr Amn`m nydOmHSyZ [O[P`m Ha dgwb HZ _moJbmZm [Xbm. VoM ~mU AmO
qhXwdmMo RoHoXma AmhoV. Vo Zoh_r Amn`mnwTo `oDZ hUVmV Jd go Hhmo h_ qhXy h! hUOo Jd go
Hhmo h_ nam^yV h& Xmg h& Jwbm_ h& ho Amn`mbm hUm`bm bmdVmV.
[~Z~w~wSmMo
hUyZM ~mimgmho~ RmHao `mMo dSrb ~moYZHma RmHao hUVmV. qhXyY_ ho [~Z
[nMHo JmSJo Amho. qhXyY_ ho EH ^Qr JmS~Jmb Amho. ~hwOZmZm \g[dUmam Y_ hUOo qhXyY_
Amho. ~hwOZmZm bwQUmgmRr qhXyY_mVrb _XramMm Z~a n[hbm Amho. qhXyY_mVrb nwamU hUOo
emMHyn (gSmg) Amho. ~hwOZmZm Jwbm_ Ha`mgmRr qhXyY_mV ^QmZr AZoH JW [b[hbo. (gX^XodimMm Y_ Am[U Y_mMr Xodio) Vmn` qhXyd hUOo ~mUd Amho. `mdoiog AmnU Iar
gmm [_idVmo. Vohm qhXyddmXr hUOoM ~mU Vr gmm dmna`mg [damoY HaVmV.
[edam`mZr am`m[^foHmMr KmofUm HaVmM gd ~mUmZr [edam`mZm eyX hUyZ [damoY
Hobm. naeyam_ Zmdm`m ~mUmZo ndrdarb gd j[` 21 doim Rma _mabobo AmhoV. `m_wio
EHhr j[` [ebH Zmhr. ~mU gmoSyZ gdOU eyX AmhoV. eyXmbm amOm hmo`mMm A[YHma Zmhr.
Aer AmoaS ~mUmZo _w[b_ amOmbm [damoY Hobm Zmhr. `mCbQ _w[b_m`m Xa~mamV ~mU
A[YHm`mMm ^aUm hmoVm. hUOo _w[b_mZm AmZXmZo am` H XoUmao ~mU [edam`m`m [d
EHOmV CRbo. Vohm [edam`mZm dmQbo, gd ~mUmZr [damoY Hobm Var ghHmar [_ AgUmao
_moamonV qnJio, AUmOr Xmmo B. ~mU [_ _r ghHm` HaVrb. nU amOmMm Anojm^J Pmbm.
_moamonV qnJio ^a Xa~mamV amOmZm hUmbm, Vwhm eyX _amRm`m hmVmImbr Amhr ~mUmZr
Hgo Hm_ Hamdo? ghHmar AgUm`m ~mUmZr XoIrb [edam`mZm VmoSmdaM [damoY Hobm. hUOo
~mU hm ~mUM AgVmo. ho gd nVmZo XmIdyZ [Xbo. ~mU [_ Oar Agbm Var AmUr~mUrMm
gJ `oVmM ~mU nmRrV IOra IwngVmo. ho _moamonVmZo XmIdyZ [Xbo. gd ~mUmZr [edam`mZm
mg m`bm gwdmV Hobr. `m [edam`mZr gd ~mU ghHm`mZm [OdmnmS Onbo, gHQg_`r
`oHmbm _XV Hobr. VoM ~mU [edam`mer d`mgmaIo dmJw bmJbo. dam`mVrb d ~mhoarb
gd ~mU EH Pmbo. hUOo ~mU HmoU`mhr JQmV, njmV, gKQZoV, gWoV, nWmV Agbo Var
AmVyZ gd ~mU EH AgVmV. ho am`m[^foHgJr [g Pmbo. naXoemVyZ Ambo`m ~mUmZr
dV:`m [hVmgmRr [b[hbo`m ~ZmdQ nmo`m-nwamUmMm AmYma KoDZ [edam`m`m am`m[^foHmbm
[damoY Hobm. [edam`m`m am`m[^foHmbm Y_g[hVm d nwamo[hVM [_iy m`Mm Zmhr Agm MJ
XoemVrb gd ~mUmZr ~mYbm. VarXoIrb am`m[^foHmMm [ZU` amOmZr Rm_nUo KoVbm.

Aem Hmao [edam`m`m am`m[^foHmbm ~mUY_mZo hUOoM qhXyY_mZo HSmSyZ [damoY

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qhXwd hUOo ~mUd Amho ho amOmZr AmoiIbo. hUyZM amOmZr Xwgam am`m[^foH Hobm.
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[edam`mMo _wi amOWmZ Hr _hmam

_hmam
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~mimOr AmdOr `mZr ZHma XoUm`m JmJm^mbm [Z_[V Ha`mgmRr MmVw` dmnabo d ImoQr

demdi [Xbr. Vohm JmJm^ nem`m A[^bmfoZo am`m[^foHmgmRr Ambm. hUOo

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[edam`mZm [ggmo[X`m demVrb Ra[dbo. ho AZ[Vhm[gH Amho.
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Hgbmhr g~Y Zmhr. Aer dVwpWVr AgVmZm amOmZm amOWmZ_Yrb Radm`Mo d _hmammVM
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[edam`mMm AdgmZKmV HaUmam Hw_r _moamonV

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_bm _m[hV Amho Vwhr [HVr ehmUo AmhmV Vo? _r [Hbo Hm ~mYVmo? Ogm eoVHar eoVmV _mim

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^mSUo bmd`mg gwdmV Hobr.
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[dmg hmoVm.

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gHV ^mfoda ^wd [_i[dbo hmoVo, 4 JW [b[hbo hmoVo. hUOo g^mOramOmZr gm[h` jomVrb
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~hwOZ OZVobm AZoH gdbVr [X`m. `mZr. ~mUmMr Aaoamdr Z Hobr. `m_wioM
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HVdgn YmSgr, namH_r, [dXmZ ~hwOZmZm gn[d`mgmRr `mZr gd ~mOyZr ~XZm_r

HaUo ho ~mUmMo [dfmar h`ma Amho. EImm [ZHbH [dXmZ ~hwOZmMr ~XZm_r gw Hobr Va Vmo
d\`JV hmoVo. qMVmJV hmoVmo. AmnU MmJbo AgVmZm Amnbr ~XZm_r Her? `m [dMmamZo HVm
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A\dm CR[dbr Hr, am`JSmda g^mOr Am`mda `mZr gmo`am~mBbm [MUyZ _mabo. nU gmo`am~mB
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`m JmoXmdar, H_im, `m [`m Va B[VhmgmV Pm`mM ZmhrV. ~Ia, ZmQH d HmX~arHmamZr `m
[`mZm O_ [Xbm. amOmMr AemHmao ~XZm_r HaUmao ho ey _moJbmnojm Hya AmhoV.
hXm~mX`m ~mXehmMo A[YHmar _mXUm_mXUm-AmHUm
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AUmOr Xmmo am`JSm`m nm``mer AgUm`m nmMmSmV Wm~bm hmoVm. Va JSmda amhyOr gmo_ZmW
hm ~mU A[YHmar hmoVm. Vmohr `m hQmV gh^mJr hmoVm. amOmZm Hg`mhr n[apWVrV Rma _mam`Mo
hm HQ _moamonV, AUmOr Xmmo, amhyOr gmo_ZmW `mZr Hobm. am`JSmMr gnyU ZmHo~Xr Ha`mV Ambr.
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`oD Z`o `mgmRr _moamonV Am[U AUmOr Xmmo KQZmWimnmgyZ Xya Wm~bo hmoVo. IyZ HaUmam

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nhmiJSm`m gw^oXmanXr Zo_bo hmoVo. goZmnVr h~raamd _mo[hVo Vi~rS `m [RHmUr hmoVo. Vi~rS ho
nhmiJSmnmgyZ Odi Va am`JSmnmgyZ 250 [Hbmo_rQa Amho. [edmOramOm`m HwQw~mVrb gd
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n CboI [ed^maVmV Amho. (gX^- dm.gr. ~oXo [b[IV- lr. N. g^mOr _hmamO) `m gJr
gmo`am~mBda MS X~md hmoVm. nU `m Aghm` Ag`m_wio Hgbmhr [VHma H eH`m ZmhrV.
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gmo`am~mBZr [VHma Hobm Zgmdm. Am[U hm IyZ gmo`am~mBZr Hobm Aer A\dm ~mUmZr CR[dbr.
gVm mVrgmRr ho H` gmo`am~mBZr Hobo Agmdo AZo AZoHmZm dmQbo. HmaU amOmam_mbm bJoMM
gd ~mU _`mZr qghmgZmda ~g[dbo. nU gmo`am~mBZr amOmam_mbm JmXrda ~g[d`mMm
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amOmam_Mm IyZ Ham`Mm d gd gmm Vm`mV `m`Mr Agm HwQrb Smd ~mU _`mMm hmoVm.
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AQH Pmbr.
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Agm` amoJ ZhVm qHdm Vo XrK AmOmar ZhVo. amOmMr HVr [ZamoJr hmoVr. Agm n CboI

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g^mOramOmZm AQH (Rma) Ha`mg [ZKmbo`m _moamonV, AUmOr, hmXnV `m _`mZm
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IyZmMo _hmHmoSo gwQ`mg _moRr _XV Pmbr Amho. gwdmVrbm AmnU A_amRr gX^ gmYZmMm [dMma
H.

BJOmMo n- ""[edmOr_hmamOmMm _`y am[VgmamZo Pmbm''.

nmaer HmJXn (_m[gao Amb_[Jar-gmHr_wVoXImZ)- "" [edmOr ho KmoSmdZ
CVabo `mZm A[VC_o_wio XmoZ doim am`m CbQm Pm`m. `m_wio `mMm _`y
Pmbm.''

[^_goZ ggoZm (AmaJOo~mMm A[YHmar)- ""[edmOramOo AmOmar nSbo Hmhr
[Xdgm`m AmOmamZVa Vo _`y nmdbo.''

Im[\ImZ (_moJbgm_m`mMm B[Vhmg)- ""[edmOramOmZr Omb`mda dmar
Hobr `mMdfu Vo AmOmar nSyZ Vo _`y nmdbo.''

[ZHmobmAmo _ZwMr (Ago hmoVo _moJb)- "" [edmOramOo Zoh_r _mo[h_oda [\aV, `m
XJXJrZo WHyZ Am[U am`m CbQm hmoDZ `mZm _aU Ambo''.

XmK a[OQa (SM HmJXn)- ""[edmOramOm`m Xwg`m ~m`HmoZo amOmda [df
`moJ Hobm Agdm''. (XmK a[OQa- 1680. n 724.29, gX^-na[H`m`m
Xr.)
darb gd gX^ gmYZo ~mV`m qHdm A\dm EoHyZM amOm`m _`y~b [b[hVmV.
darb gmYZm`m boIHmnHr HmoUrhr am`JSmda qHdm Amgnmg ZhVm. `m_wio darb
gmYZm`m boIHmMr gmYZo g[XY, A[dgZr` AmhoV. [edmOramOmZr amOmam_mMm
[ddmh 15 _mM 1680 amoOr Vmnamd JwOa `mMr H`m OmZHr~mBer bmdyZ [Xbm.
`mZVa ARam [XdgmZrM [edmOramOmMm IyZ Pmbm. 18 [XdgmV amOo AmOmar nSUo
Am[U AmOma [dHmonmbm OmUo HXm[nhr e` Zmhr. darb gmYZmnHr Amb_[JarHma
_wVoXImZ, _ZwMr Am[U BJO ho amOmZm am`m CbQm Pm`m `m_wio `mMm _`y Pmbm,
Vo gmJVmV. nU am`m CbQm Hm Pm`m? ho `mZm _mhrV Zmhr. [df [X`mZoM CbQm
Pm`m. [^_goZ ggoZm Am[U Im\rImZ ho amOo AmOmar nSyZ _obo gmJVmV. nU AmOmar
Hm nSbo? ho `mZm _m[hV Zmhr. AmOmar Hm hmoVo?> ho XoIrb `mZm Imrbm`H _m[hVr

Zmhr. XmK a[OQa_`o _m [df `moJmMm CboI Amho. naVw `mZrhr A\doda [dmg
Rodbobm Ag`m_wio ~mU _`mZrM amOmZm [df `moJmZo Rma _mabo `mEodOr amOm`m
nZrMm CboI Hobobm Amho. gmo`am~mBMr A\dm hmoVr. nU ~mU _`mZrM amOmZm [df
`moJmZo Rma _mabo. ho XmK a[OQa [Zg[XYnUo [g HaVo.
AmVm AmnU _amRr-gHV gX^ gmYZmMm A`mg H`m gmYZm_`o g_HmbrZ, CmaHmbrZ gmYZo Ago Hma AmhoV. gwdmVrbm AmnU
CmaHmbrZ gmYZmMr [M[Hgm H.

91 Hb_r ~Ia- ""amOmZm ZddamMr `Wm Pmbr Am[U amOo dm_rg
Hbmgdmg Pmbm''.

[ed[X[dO`- ""gmo`am~mBHSyZ amOmZm [df`moJ Pmbm''.

[MQUrg ~Ia- ""gmo`am~mBdaM Amamon RodVo''.

[ed^maV- (AnwU Hm`)

OoYo eHmdbr- M ew nm[U_m e[Zdmar (3 E[b1680) [Xdgm XmoZ har
am`JSmda [edmOramOmMo [ZYZ Pmbo. h~raamd _mo[hVo `mZr _moamonV noedo
AUmOrnV Am[U hmXnVmZm HX HZ nhmiJSmda g^mOramOmHSo Zobo.

[edmnwa eHmdbr- M nm[U_og [edmOr amOo g_mV Pmbo.

[MQUrg ~Ia d [ed[X[dO` 1818 gmbMr Ag`m_wio g_HmbrZ Zmhr. nU
gmo`am~mBZr [df`moJ Hobm hm CboI Amho. `mMm AW amhyOr gmo_ZmWmZo
[df`moJ Hobm hmoVm. ~mU _`mZr amOmMm [df`moJmZo IyZ Hobm. nU gd
gmo`am~mBZo IyZ Hobm Aer A\dm ngadbr. hUyZM gmo`am~mBZo [df`moJ Hobm
Ago Xoer d naXoer boIHmZr [b[hbo. `m`mn`V A\dm ngabr hmoVr. Iar
KQZm nmohmoMbr ZhVr.


[ed^maVHma HqdX na_mZXMo AHmbr [ZYZ Pm`m_wio HmaVb~ImZmMo

C_aqISrVrb `w `oWn`VMmM CboI Amho.

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[g HaVo.

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bmoH ~mobmdyZ AmUbo ~mo[bbo Hr Vwhr MwHya hmoD ZHm. hm Vmo _`ybmoHM Amho. `m_mJo [HVr
Cn Pmbo [HVr Jobo AmVm Vwhr [Z_i gwIn ~wrZo AgUo. AmVm AdKo ~mhoa ngm. AmnU
ltMo _aU H[aVmo hUmoZ Ad[K`mg ~mhoa ~gdbo. Am[U am[O`mZr lr ^m[JaWrMo CXH AmUyZ
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XmoZ har Hmi am`JSr Pmbm. `mZVa [edXyV [d_mZ KoDZ Ambo. Am[U amOo [d_mZr ~gyZ
Hbmgmg Jobo. ho OS eara _`ybmoHr `mJ Hobm. amOmMo XohmdgZ `m [Xder ndrHn Phmbm.
JJZr Yw_HoVy CXobm CHmnmV AmHmemhyZ Ambm. amr OmoS BXYZw` [ZKmbr. A[Xem [XJXmh
hmoDZ Jobm. lre^y _hmXodr VimMo CXH am~a Ambo. nm`mVrb _N ~mhoa nSyZ A_mgdmUr
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HmimnmgyZ XohmdgmZmn`V Omhbo.'
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nXar Am`m_wio gmo`am~mBda Omo Ami Ambobm hmoVm `mMm CboI `mZr Hobobm Zmhr. VgoM
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Amho. AnamYrnUmMr ^mdZm Ia Pmbr Hr, A[Va[OV nrHaU Hobo OmVo. CXm. gV VwHmam_mMm
IyZ ~mUmZr Hobm ho bn[d`mgmRr ~mUmZr VwHmam_ _hmamO gXoh dHwRmbm Jobo Ago [bhyZ
Rodbo. AJXr VgmM Hma amOm`m~m~V KSbobm Amho. g^mgXmZr Hobo`m dUZmMo AmnU AmVm
nrHaU H.
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HXm[n e` Zmhr. amOmZr Am`w`mV HYrhr `moJgmYZm Hobobr Zmhr. _J 3 E[b 1680 `m
[XderM amOmZr Am_m ~mSmg bmdUo d XeXmao \moSyZ mU`mJ HaUo Ago YmXmV ImoQo [b[hUo.
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Jm^m`mV ~gyZ qHdm Aa`mV ~gyZ `moJgmYZm HaUmao ^moXy _hmamO ZhVo. HwQw~ dam`, g_mO
dm`mda gmoSyZ Am_m ~mSmbm bmd`mMo XoeXmohr CmoJ _hmamOmZr Hobo ZmhrV. hmVmV Vcdma
KoDZ dam` [Z[_Vr `m [Z`moOZmgmRr Am`w`mVrb `oH jUmMm gXwn`moJ Hobm Am[U gdmV
_hdmMo hUOo `moJ gmYZm hUOo \ EHm [XdgmV gm` hmoUmar gmYZm Zho. g^mgX hUVmV
Hr, amOmZr gd g` OZmZm ~mhoa ~g`mg gm[JVbo. `mMm AW IyZ Pmbm. `mgJr amOmOdi
EHhr g` qHdm OdiMm ZmVodmBH ZhVm. _hmamUr gmo`am~mB amUr_hmbmVM hmo`m.
[edmOramOmMo Ka hUOo 1010 Mr Imobr Zho. [enmB, A[YHmar, _r, gaXma Am[U _hmamUr
`m`mgmRr dV Hm`mb`o Am[U [ZdmgWmZmMrhr `dWm am`JSmda Amho. ([OkmgyZr am`JS
Ad` nhmdm) gmo`am~mB \[QHm_mUo dN _Zm`m AmhoV. Agm A[^m` g^mOramOmZr
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amOmOdi Zh`m. BVa gd ZmVodmBH Imbr nmMmSmV hmoVo. `m gYrMm \m`Xm KoDZM AUmOr
Xmmo, _moamonV `mZr amhyOr gmo_ZmW _m\V amOmZm [df XoDZ IyZ Hobm. IyZm~m~V ge` `oD Z`o
`mgmRr doJdoJim A\dm CR[d`m.

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~Yy^md Wm[nV Hobr AgVr. Aem [dd amOmMm IyZ HZ ~mUmZr Hodi [edmOramOmMoM
Zho Va gnyU OJmMo ZwHgmZ Hobobo Amho.
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Va XoemV EHhr ~mU `mhr HmimV ~hwOZ g_mOmZo [OdV Rodbm ZgVm, nU `mZr OZVoMr
[Xem^yb Hobr. amOmMm _`y JwSKr amoJm_wio Pmbm, Aer A\dm ngadbr. hrM ~mV_r gdXya
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CXmhaU gmnSbobo Zmhr. hUOoM ~mU SmdnoM ~XbVmV, Coe ~XbV ZmhrV. amOmMm IyZ
gmo`am~mBZr Hobm Agmhr Mma ~mUmZr gw Hobm. amOmMm _`w AWgZo Pmbm Agmhr
AnMma AmOXoIrb [ZZmX ~oSoHagmaIo amOmMo ey HaVmV (B[S`Z Egog Zmoho.2001)
hUOoM amOmMm IyZ HaUmao Iao Amamonr [ZXmof gwQmdoV `mgmRr ~mUmZr AZoH A\dm nga[d`m
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gwo hmVr `md`mMr Am[U bdHaM amOmam_Mmhr HmQm HmTm`Mm Agm Smd `m _`mMm hmoVm. Va
g^mOr hwema, MmUmj, namH_r, YmSgr hmoVo. hUyZ g^mOramOmZm _moamonV, AUmOr Xmmo
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g^mOramOmMm am`JSmda A[^foH Hobm. g^mOramOo JmXrda `oVmM g^mOramOmZm Rma _ma`mMm
~mUmZr Mma doim `Z Hobm, nU VrZ doim g^mOramOmZr `mZm _m\ Hobo hmoVo. Mm`m doiog
g^mOramOmZr gd ~mU _`mZm Rma _mabo, Am[U [edam`m`m IyZmMm ~Xbm KoVbm.

_hmamUr nwVim~mB gVr Hr IyZ?

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hUOoM amOmZr Hobo`m HmVrbm `m`m KamVM Hmir_m \mg`mMm ~mUmZr `moJ Hobm.
^maVmVrb gVr Wobm Ia [damoY HaUmao [edmOramOo ho n[hbo amOo AmhoV. amOmZr
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~moh`mda ZdaXod hUyZ C^m hmoVm. hUOo `mZo _wbJr ngV Hobr hmoVr. b Rabo hmoVo. dhmSr
_Sir Ambr hmoVr. dYy `m`m g_moa C^r hmoVr. _JbmHo gw Pmbr. gd _JbmHo Pmbr Am[U

eodQMo _JbAH hUOo "AmVm gmdYmZ' hUVmM am_Xmg ~moh`mdZ niyZ Jobm. ho EH Va
_wInUmMo qHdm g_mOXmohrnUmMo bjU Amho. HmaU `m HmimV AJmbm hiX bmJbr Am[U b
_moSbo Va _wbtZm nwhm AmO_ A[ddm[hV ahmdo bmJV hmoVo. `m HmimV dYy`m ^[dV`mMm
Am[O~mV [dMma Z HaVm b _SnmVyZ niyZ OmUmam am_Xmg [edmOramOmgma`m gm_`embr
g_mQmMm Jw hmoDM eHV Zmhr. Iao Va Vmo g_mOXmohr hmoD eHVmo. HmaU `m dYy`m OmJr Amnbr
~hrU qHdm _wbJr AgVr Va Amn`mbm Hm` dmQbo AgVo? nwTo am_Xmgmbm [dYdm VUrer
`m[^Mma Ha`mMr MQH bmJbr. doUm Am[U Amm `m`mer am_XmgmMo AZ[VH g~Y hmoVo.
am_Xmg hm aJob Am[U `m[^Mmar hmoVm. (gX^-am_Xmg Am[U noedmB) Aem rbnQ
am_XmgmMm amOmZr AZwJh KoVbm Aer HnZm HaUogwm Aj` Jwhm Amho. Agm rbnQ
am_Xmg g_moa Oar Ambm AgVm Var `mbm amOmZr PmoSnboM AgVo hUyZM `mZo amOmMr HYrM
^oQ KoVbr Zmhr. amOm`m OrdZmV Ambo`m HmoU`mhr _hdm`m d amo_mMHmar gJmModoir
am_XmgmZo amOmZm `j qHdm A`jnUo _XV Ho`mMm HmoRohr B[VhmgmV CboI Zmhr.
A\ObImZ ^oQr`mgJr nhmimdoTm, emBVoImZmda hbm, AmJm HX, am`m[^foH `m
HmoU`mhr gJr am_Xmg amOmZm _XV Ha`mgmRr Ambobm ZhVm. g_HmbrZ OoYo eHmdbr,
g^mgX ~Ia, [ed^maV BVa HmoU`mhr JWmV am_XmgmMm gmYm Zm_moboI XoIrb Zmhr.

([OkmgwZr gX^ JW dmMmdoV hr [dZVr)

am_Xmg hUVmo,
Xodr ~mUr gmm Har& Vmo EH _wI&&68&& (Xmg~moY-2:1:68)
hUOo Omo ~mUmda am` HaVmo Vmo _wI AgVmo. Ago `mMo _V Amho. hUOo ~mUoVamZo
\ MmHarM Hamdr hm `mMm AmJh hmoVm. [edmOramOo am`m[^foHmZo amOo Pmbo. `m_wio ~mUmZm
XoIrb [ejm Ha`mMm A[YHma amOmZm mV Pmbm. `m_wio Vmo AdW Pmbm Am[U amOmZm _wI
hU`mn`V `mMr _Ob Jobr. nwTo Vmo hUVmo
[ZM mUr Jwd nmdbm& VoWo AmMaMr ~wSmbm
doXem ~mUmbm & HmoU nwgo && (Xmg~moY-14:7:29)
am_Xmgmbm ~hwOZ g_mOmV [ejUmMm gma Pm`mZo H_mbrMo Xw:I Pmbo. A``Z ho
\ ~mUmZrM Hamdo hm `mMm AmJh Amho. g_mOmV AZmMma Hm dmTbm Va eyXmZr [eH`mg

gwdmV Hobr hUyZ. AmMma ~wSmbm Aer VHma Vmo HaVmo. ~hwOZ g_mO [ejU KoD bmJ`mZo
doXemmV nmaJV Agbo`m ~mUmg HmoUr [dMmaV Zmhr `mMoM `mbm dmBQ dmQVo. hUOo Vmo
Om[V`dmXr Va hmoVmM nU dU`dWoMm Ha g_WH hmoVm, HSdm ~m`dmXr hmoVm. hUyZM
eyXmZr [ejU KoV`m_wio `m`m nmoQmV XwIw bmJbo. hUyZ Vmo nwTo hUVmo
am` Zobo boN jor & Jwd Zobo Hwnmr &&
AmnU Aar Zm nar & HmhrM Zmhr (Xmg~moY-14.7.36)
am` _wgb_mZ Am[U j[`mHSo Jobo. [edmOramOmMo Jwd gV VwHmo~mam`mHSo Jobo
Amn`m ~mUm`m hmVr HmhrM am[hbo Zmhr hUyZ Vmo AmaSm AmoaSm HaV hmoVm. ho Hmhr gVmMo
bjU Zho. gVm`m Hm`mbm OmV, nmV, Y_, nW, mV, ^mfm, Xoe Am[U Y_mMo ~YZ ZgVo. gV
ho gd g[Odm`m H`mUmHaVm PQUmao AgVmV. nU Vmo \ ~mUmgmRrM PJSV hmoVm hUyZM
am_Xmg hm gV Zho Va dam`mVrb OV hmoVm. Vmo ~mUm`m CXmamgmRr d ~hwOZm`m
hmgmgmRr Hgm PQV hmoVm `mMo nwamdo Xmg~moYmVM AmTiVmV.
Jw Vmo gHimgr ~mU & Oar Vmo Pmbm [H`mhrZ
am_Xmg hUVmo ~mU [Z[H`-[H`mhrZ Agbm Var gd Om[V Y_m`m OZVoZo
~mUmbmM Jw Hamdo. hUOo ~mUr dMd amhmdo d ~mUmZm [~Ja l_mMo YZ [_imdo. hr
`mMr AmoT hmoVr. [ejH ~mUm[edm` HmoUr hmoD Z`o hr `mMr BNm hmoVr.
gHimer ny` ~mU & ho _w` doXmkm _mU
~mU doX _w[V_V & ~mU Vmo[M ^JdV
~mUmbm gdmZr Xod _mZmdo ho doX gmJVmV. ~mU hmM doX Am[U Xod Amho Ago am_Xmg
hUVmo. hUOo gdmZr ~mUmMr nyOm Hamdr hm AmJh am_XmgmMm hmoVm/
bj^moOZr ~mU & AmZ OmVrg nwgo HmoU
bj^moOZ hm ~mUmMm hM Amho. BVa OmVrbm [dMma`mMo HmaUM Zmhr. Ago `mMo
_V Amho. hUOo ~mUmZm \wHQmV ^moOZ mdo Ago Vmo hUVmo.

Agmo ~mU gwada d[XVr & VoWo _mZd ~mnwSo {HVr

AmVmVa am_Xmg ~hwOZ g_mOmbm ^rVrM XmI[dVmo Hr ~mUmbm Xod dXZ HaVmV, Va
_mUgmMr Hm` JV Amho.
Oar ~mU _wT_Vr & Var Vmo OJXd
AmVm Va am_XmgmZo HhaM Hobm Vmo hUVmo ~mU _wI Agbm Var Mmbob Vmo OJmbm
dX[Z` AgVmo. (Sm. Am~oSHam`m KQZoZo ~ao Pmbo ZmhrVa gd _yI ~mU gd nXmda am[hbo

AgVo.)
A`O eXkmVm ~adm & nar Vmo ZoDZ Hm` Hamdm
~mU g[Y nyOmdm & ho Vmo Z KSo Hr &
X[bV hm eX CMmam`bm ~am, nU ~mUmMr Vmo ~amo~ar H eHV ZgVmo. Ago hUyZ
`mZo Om[V`dmXmMo QmoHM JmRbo Amho.
AVa EH Vmo Iao & nar gmJmVo KoD Z `oVr _hmao
n[SV Am[U MmQo nmoao & EH Hgr & &&3&&
_Zw` Am[U JYSo & amOhg Am[U Hmo~So
amOo Am[U _mHSo & EH Hgr& &&4&&
^mJraWrMo Oi Amn & _moar gdXUr Vmohr Amn&
Hw[Mi CXH An& goddoZm &&5&&
~mU Am[U _hma `mMm Am_m EH Agbm Var `mMr Am[U ~mUmMr ~amo~ar hmoD eHV Zmhr.

(`m [RHmUr am_XmgmZo `_HmgmRr _hma `mMo CXmhaU KoVbo Agbo Var gd OmVr ZrM AmhoV,
\ ~mUM lo AmhoV Ago `mMo Rm_ _V Amho.) ~mU gmoSyZ gd OmVrbm Vmo JmTd, _mHSo,
Hmo~Sm, MmdQ, JQmarMo nmUr `m Cn_m XoVmo. Va ~mUmbm Vmo amOm, hg, JJoMo nmUr `m Cn_m

XoVmo. Aem ~hwOZXom am_Xmgm`m Xmg~moYda _hmam emgZmZo ~Xr Kmbmdr. am_Xmg d
am_Xmgr gXm`m`m gd dmL_`mda ~hwOZ g_mOmZo ~[HHma QmHmdm. OJmVrb gd _mUgo g_mZ
AmhoV. OJmVrb gd OmVr, Y_, nW, mV, ^mfm, Xoe ho _mZd[Z[_V AmhoV. Var XoIrb Om[V^oX
nga[dUm`m am_Xmgr gmXm`mda "AQmm[ gQr AQ' Imbr IQbm ^amdm.
[edmOramOmZr ~m~m `mHyV, _mZr~m~m, gV VwHmam_ `mMm gbm KoV`mMm AZoH [RHmUr
CboI Amho. HmaU Vo gV Mm[a`gn, [Z:dmWu Am[U ~hwOZ g_mOmMo CXmaH hmoVo, hUwZM
amOmZm `m`m~b [ZVmV AmXa hmoVm. nU amOo am_Xmgm`m ^oQrbm HYrM Jobobo ZmhrV. nU
`mMo [e` AZoH doim _hmamOmHSo ^rH _mJ`mgmRr Ambo hmoVo. `mgJr amOo `mZm [dMmaVmV
"HmoU hm am_Xmg?' `mM AW amOo am_Xmgmbm AmoiIV ZhVo. (A[YH _m[hVrgmRr ~mMm
B[VhmgmMm` m. _m._. Xoe_wI [b[IV am_Xmg Am[U noedmB)
ha ha _hmXod hr amOmMr qghJOZm hmoVr. HmaU _hmXod ~hwOZ g_mOmMm Am
HmVrHmaH hmoVm. _hmXod hm Xod Zho. d[XHmZr _hmXodmMohr XdVrHaU Hobobo Amho. am_XmgmMr
KmofUm O` O` aKwdra g_W Aer hmoVr. am_Xmg Am[U [edmOramOo `m`m KmofUoVhr gm` ZhVo.
am_Xmg hm [hado HnSo n[aYmZ HarV hmoVm. am_Xmgmbm Cm_ CXy `oV hmoVr. AmaJOo~mbm am_Xmg
AZoHdoim ^oQbobm hmoVm. XmoKmZr [_iyZ ^moOZ Hobo hmoVo. `mMm AW am_Xmg Am[U AmaJOo~mMo
K[Z g~Y hmoVo. [Xbr `oWo am_XmgmZo AmaJOo~m~amo~a ^moOZ Hobo hmoVo hr dVw[WVr Amho.
[edmOramOmZm Hoear (^Jdo) [ZemU Am[U amO_wXm ehmOr amOmZm [Xbobr hmoVr. hUOo
Jw hUyZ am_XmgmMo amOmbm Hgbohr ghHm` Zmhr. [edam`m`m AZoH JwV `moOZm `mZo
AmaJOo~mbm-Am[Xbehmbm gm[JV`m hmo`m. ~mOr KmoanSoZm [edam`m[d [MWmdbo hmoVo.
amOm`m [d _amRmZm ^SH[d`mMo Hm_ am_XmgmZo Hobo. ~mUm`m CmamgmRr Vmo _aon`V
[PObm `mV Hmhr Ja Zmhr. nU dV:`m OmVrgmRr Hm_ HarV AgVmZm ~hwOZg_mOmbm Am[U
[edam`mZm am_XmgmZo Iyn mg [Xbm. eodQr `mZo ~mUm`m ^[dV`mgmRr Xmg~moY JW
[b[hbm.
EdTo _m [Z[MV Hr, gV VwHmam_mgma`m Mm[a`gn, g_mOgwYmaH Jwbm
gn[d`mgmRrM d[XHmZr am_Xmg hm [edM[amV Kwgdbm. am_Xmgmbm amOmMm Jw Ra[d`mgmRr
~mUmZr AZoH ImoQo nwamdo, XmIbo, Wio, [Mo [Z_mU Hobr.

Am[XbehmMm _moHmer XmXy HmoSXod HwbHUu

XmXy HmoSXodMo Iao Zmd XmXy HmoSXod HwbHUu Ago Amho. XmXy HwbHUu hm AmXrbehmMm
_moHmer hUOoM ZmoHa hmoVm. VwHmo~mam`mZm NiUmao ho XmXy HwbHUuMo g_WH hmoVo. hUOo XmXy
HwbHUu `m [edam`mMm ey hmoVm. ey AgUm`m XoIrb ~mUmZr Jw Hobo. XmXy HwbHUuMm
[edM[amer Hmhrhr g~Y Zmhr. XmXy HwbHUu hm `wHboV AHweb hmoVm. [edam`mZm `wHboMo
[ejU ehmOramOmZr {Xbo, `mMm gamd [OOmD_mgmho~mZr KoVbm. HmhmoOr OoYo, `ogmOr HH,
_wT`mMo Jm`HdmS, Vwno, _moPo, nm`JwSo B. ehmOramOmMo n[h`m \irVrb Hm`HVo AmhoV. dra
~mOr nmgbHamZr ~mi [ed~mZm nwUo d n[agamV _mobmMr _XV Hobr. ~mU Jw Ag`m[edm`
HmoUrhr _moRo hmoV Zmhr ho q~~[d`mgmRr ~mUmZr XmXy HwbHUu [edM[amV Kwg[dbm.
[edM[am`m HmoU`mhr gX^ gmYZmV XmXy HwbHUuMm gmYm CboI XoIrb Zmhr.

[edmOramOmMo Jw gV VwHmo~mam`mMm Ni
gV VwHmo~mam` ho [edmOramOmMo Iao Jw AmhoV `m~m~V HmoUmMohr Xw_V Zmhr, nU
VwHmo~mam`mMo JwnU gn[d`mgmRr am_Xmg [edM[amV Kwg[dbm. `m`m ~moYZm_wioM
[edam`mMo _mdio ^m[dV Pmbo. amOmZr VwHmo~mam`mMr AZoH [HVZo `j EoHbobr hmoVr. `m`m
I`m [HVZm_wio ^Qemhr hmXabr. `m_wio `mZr VwHmo~mam`mZm mg XoUo gw Hobo. `mMr ~XZm_r
_~mOr ^Q, am_oa^Q `mZo Hobr. `m`m A^JmMr JmWm `mZr nm`mV ~wSdbr. `mZm [ejm
Hamdr Aer _mJUr Aer _mJUr Xohy`m XmoZ ~mUmZr Am[XbehmMm _moHmer XmXy HmoSXod `mMoHSo
Hobr. eodQr `mMr h`m HZ ~mUmZr gXoh dHwRJ_Z Agm AnMma gw Hobm. (_hmnwfmMr
h`m Pmbr hUyZ `m`m `mo`Vobm VSm OmV Zmhr. OJmVrb AZoH _hmnwfm`m h`m Pmbo`m
AmhoV hUyZ `mZm OZVoZo ZmHabo Zmhr.) am`m[^foHgJr XoIrb ~mU [edam`mer C_QnUo
dmJV hmoVo. VoWo VwHmo~mam`m`m h`ogJr ~mUmMr HwaVm [eJobm nmohMbr hmoVr. [edam`VwHmo~mam` `mMo AmXmobZ gn[d`mgmRr ~mUmZr _w[b_mZm hmVmer Yabobo hmoVo.
VwHmo~mam`m`m h`oZVa noe`mZr JmWm Omibr. `mMo A^J hU`mda noe`mZr ~Xr
KmVbr. [ZnUmgmRr Oa HmoUr A^J hQbo Va noedmBV [ejm Hobr OmV Ago. AmOXoIrb
kmZoam`m nmbIrnwTo VwHmo~mam`mMr AmaVr hU`mg [damoY Hobm OmVmo. Xohy Am[U AmiXr
`m`m [dHmgmVrb \aH HfmZo OmUdVmo. AmiXrMo CXmmrHaU Va Xohy Cno[jV Rod`m_mJrb

fS` HmoUmMo? _hmammV HmoUVmhr ZdrZ nmhyUm Ambm Hr `mZm AmiXrbm Zobo OmVo nU Xohybm
Zobo OmV Zmhr. hUOo VwHmo~mam`mZm d [edam`mZm [damoY HaUma EHM AmhoV.
ZoVmOr nmbHam`m Y_mVambm [damoY HaUmao ~mU JJmYa HwbHUu`m Y_mVa gJr Jn Hm?
ZoVmOr nmbHa ho [edmOramOo [Zmd goZmnVr hmoVo. nU `mMo grZo Y_mVa Ha`mV Ambo.
Vo _h_XHwbrImZ Pmbo. AmaJOo~mMo ZoVmOtZm A\Jm[UVmZmV nmR[dbo. ZoVmOtMo Zmd ~Xbbo
nU _Z ~Xbbo ZhVo. Y_ ~Xbbm nU amOmdarb [Zm A^J hmoVr. amOmHSo `mdo `mgmRr
ZoVmOtZr AZoH doim niyZ `o`mMm n`Z Hobm. nU `mZm nmR \wQon`V _mabo, nU EHo [Xder
ZoVmOr nmbHa amOmHSo Ambo Am[U o_mZo Vo amOmZm HSmSyZ ^oQbo. `mZr dY_mV `o`mMr BNm
` Hobr. Hobr ho ~mUmg g_Obo Vohm `mZr ZoOmOtZm dY_mV `o`mg HSmSyZ [damoY Hobm.
Vohm amOo ^QmZm hUmbo [ZamlrVmZm Odi KoUo hmM Y_
Y_ Amho. Am[U `mZm Xya bmoQUo hm AY_
Amho. ZoVmOtZm _r Y_mV KoUma. Y_m`m ZmdmImbr [damoY Hobm Var Vwhr Am[U Vw_Mm Y_
JwSmiyZ Rodm. Agm gUgUrV Bemam amOmZr [Xbm. amOmZr Y__mVS nwamo[hVmMr hmOr-hmOr Hobr
Zmhr. gHVr`m ZmdmImbr Hobr OmUmar [nidUyH Wm~[d`mgmRr amOmZr d[XHmMm [damoY
PwJmZ [Xbm d ZoVmOr nmbHamZm dY_mV KoVbo.
AmVm Xwgar A`V _hdmMr KQZm hUOo g^mOramOm`m HmimV AmaJm~mX mVmVrb
Hg~o hagwb `oWrb JJmYa aJZmW HwbHUu `mZo Y_mVa Hobo hmoVo. `mZo dIwerZo _wgb_mZ Y_
pdHmabm hmoVm. grZo `mMo Y_mVa Pmbo ZhVo. nU nwTo JJmYa HwbHUubm naV Y_mV `o`mMr
BNm Pmbr. JJmYa^mB HwbHUu g^mOramOmHSo Ambm d `mZo amOmOdi dY_mV `o`mMr BNm
` Hobr. (gX^: N.g^mOr _maH JW. n.183) nU ZoVmOr nmbHamZm dY_mV KoVmZm Ogm
[damoY Hobm hmoVm Vgm JJmYa HwbHUubm ~mUmZr [damoY Hobm Zmhr. `m gJr gd ^Q-nwamo[hV
_yJ [JiyZ Jn ~gbo. ZoVmOtMo grZo Y_mVa Hobo hmoVo Vgo JJmYaMo grMo Y_mVa ZhVo. Var
ZoVmOr nmbHa d amOmZm ~mUmZr d[XH Y_mVrb AZoH HmaUo gmJyZ Ia [damoY Hobm. _J
JJmYa HwbHUu`m doiog HwRo Jobm Y_ Am[U gHVr?
ZoVmOr nmbHam`m Y_mVambm d[XH Y_JWmVrb _mUmXmao HSmSyZ [damoY Hobm
`mnmRr_mJo ZoVmOr nmbHamHSyZ Y_mVa [dYrgmRr YZ-gnmr [_i[d`m`m ~mUmMm hoVy Agmdm.
hUyZM ZoVmOr nmbHam`m Y_mVamg gd ~mUmZr [damoY Hobm. hUOo JWmMm AmYma KoDZ
[damoY Ha`m_mJo Y_, gHVr Am[U VdkmZ `m~m~V ~mUmZm lm Va \ ngm-gnmr

[_imdr Am[U dU`dWoXmao ~mUmMo dMd gd OmVtda ahmdo `mgmRrM Vo Y_JWmMm dmna
HaVmV. `mMm AW Y_JWmMo XmoZ ^mJ nSVmV. ~mUmMo Y_JW d ~hwOZmMo Y_JW. `mdZ [g
hmoVo Hr, ~mUmZm dVdH`o d JWmMo m_m` _m` Zmhr. nU `mZr ~hwOZmZm _m nmn-nw`mMr
[^Vr XmIdyZ AWgmm Wm[nV Hobr Amho. Y_mVa gJr ZoVmOr nmbHam`m nemda ~mUmMm
Smoim hmoVm nU JJmYa HwbHUu`m HSyZ ~mUmZr nemMr Hm Anojm Rodbr Zmhr? `mMm AW
~mUmMm Am[U ~hwOZg_mOmMm Y_ EH Zmhr. VgoM ~mU ho Xod, Y_ Am[U gHVrbm _mZV
ZmhrV. ~mU ho dV: Xod _mZV ZmhrV \ Xod _mZ`mMo ZmQH HaVm. gwgHVnUmMo
ZmQH HaVmV. hUOo ~hwOZg_mO XodmY_m`m ZmXr bmJmdm hm `mMm hoVy AgVmo. Xod hm
~mUmZr ~hwOZ g_mOmbm JmS`mgmRrM [Z_mU Hobm Amho. `m_wio ~mU Xodm`m Xa~mamV
C_QnUo ngm CHiVmV, ImoQo ~mobVmV, ^mZm X_XmQr HaVmV, Xodmbm AnU Hobo`m gd dVw
Am[U ngm dV: KoVmV, _J `m [RHmUr Xod _yJ [JiyZ Hm Jn ~gVmo? `mM AW ~mU XddmXr
ZmhrV. ^maVr` gHVrMo Vo nmbZ HarV ZmhrV. nU ~hwOZg_mOmZo Hamdo `mgmRr Vo ~hwOZmZm
Xodm-Y_mMr [^Vr KmbVmV. hUyZ ZoVmOr nmbHam`m Y_mVamg ~mUmZr [damoY Hobm nU
JJmYa HwbHUubm `mZr [damoY Hobm Zmhr.
g^mOramOmZm _moJbm`m Vm`mV XoUmam [dmgKmVHr H[d Hwboe
[edmOramOo Am[U g^mOramOo `m [nVm nwmV ^mSU bmd`mMm _moamonV, AUmOr Xmmo
`mZr HgmoerZo `Z Hobm. `mgmRr `mZr g^mOramOm[d ImoQm A\dm ngad`m. "[edam`mZm
g^mOr~b o_ Zmhr, Vo amOmam_mbm dmagXma HaUma AmhoV' Aem Hma`m A\dm ngadyZ
g^mOramOmZm ^SH[d`mMm `Z Hobm. `m_`o ~mU _`mZm `e Ambo Zmhr. XmoKm [nVm nwmZr
~mUmZm MmJboM AmoiIbo hmoVo. [XboaImZmMr AmH_HVm amoI`mgmRr [edam`mZr
g^mOramOmZm _moJbmHSo nmR[dbo hmoVo. nwTo ho [XboaImZm`m bjmV `oVmM [edam`mZr g^mOrbm
gmoSdyZ AmUbo. Am[U g^mOramOmZm nhmimMo gw^oXma Hobo. H[d Hwboe `m ~mUmZo g^mOrer
_r gnmXZ Hobr. g^mOramOo Am[U gd _amRo gaXma `m`mV ^mSU bmd`mMm HwboemZo `Z
Hobm. gnmr Am[U nXm`m bmbgoZo Vmo amOm`m Aml`mbm Ambm. dHVdmZo _moRo Pmbobo
~hwOZ ZoVo qHdm amOm`m Odi ~mU `oVmV. Jar~mMr Vo HYrM hmOr-hmOr HaV ZmhrV. nU ZoVo
Am[U amOo `m`mOdi Vo nwU dmW gmY`mgmRr amhVmV. nU OmV gnmr Xwg`m ~mOyHSyZ
[_iVmM Vo Amn`m Zo`mMmhr KmV HaVmV. AJXr AgmM gJ g^mOramOm`m OrdZmV KSbm.
AmaJOo~mZo Hwboembm gnmr XoVmM `mZo AmaJOo~mbm nwU ghHm` Hobo. Am[U g^mOramOmMm KmV
Hobm. `m Hwboembm amOmZr NXmoJm_m` (_w` YmZ) Hobo Cma ^maVmVyZ Ambo`m Hwboembm

[OdmnmS Onbo. `mZo amOmMm Ord KoVbm. Hwboemda amOmZr gnwU [dmg QmHbm. `mZoM amOmMm
[dmgKmV Hobm. AmaJOo~mZo Hwboembm ngm XoVmM `mZo amOmer Vm~SVmo~ Jmar Hobr. `mMo
Hwboembm Hmhrhr dmQbo Zmhr. hUOo X`m HaUmamer XoIrb [ZX`nUo dmJUo hm `mMm Wm`r ^md
Amho.
am`JSmda hbm Ha`mMr AmaJOo~mMr _mohr_ hmoVr. nU `mgmRr AmaJOo~mbm am`JS
_m[hV Zg`m_wio JSmMr [VHVr (_mSob) hdr hmoVr. hr [VHVr V`ma Ha`mMr OmoIr_ HwboemZo
KoVbr. `m ~X`mV AmaJOo~mZo Hwboembm Iyn ngm [Xbm. HwboemZo ho Hm_ `m`m _wbmHSo
gmon[dbo. hUOo Hwboe g^mOrgmo~V amhyZ AmaJOo~mbm _XV HarV hmoVm. amOm`m [Z_i Am[U
o_i _ZmMm HwboemZo Ja\m`Xm KoVbm. hUOo H[d Hwboe hm AmaJOo~mMm [hVqMVH hmoVm Am[U
amOmMm ey hmoVm. amOmZm nHSyZ Xo`mMr O~m~Xmar H[d HwboemZoM [dHmabr. AmaJOo~mZo H[d
Hwboembm Iyn ngm [Xbm. amOo am`JSmda Om`mgmR [ZKmbo, dmQoV gJ_oa `oWo Wm~bo. Vohm amOo
H[d Hwboembm hUmbo, " AmnU bdHa am`JSmHSo OmD. `m [RHmUr YmoHm hmo`mMr e`Vm Amho.'
Vohm Hwboe hUmbm, ""`oWo HmoUrhr `oUma Zmhr.' Am[U H[dHwboe AZwmZmg ~gbm. Vohm amOmZr
H[dHwboembm bdHa [ZK`mMm AmJh Hobm naVy H[dHwboemZoM AZwmZmV OmUrdnwdH dmT Hobr.
g^mOramOmZm H[dHwboemZo gJ_oa `oWo amoIyZ Ya`mMr Imrbm`H ~mV_r AmaJOo~mbm
g_Obr. Am[U bJoM AmaJOo~mZo _wHa~ImZ Am[U BIbmgImZmbm HmohmnwamdZ gJ_oabm
nmR[dbo. `mZr VmVSrZo `oDZ g^mOramOo d Hwboembm nHSbo. nU `m gJr amOo KmoSmda [ZgQbo
hmoVo nU Hwboe AmoaSbm "_hmamO _ [Ja J`m'! [ZgQbobo amOo H[d Hwboembm dmMd`mgmRr naV
[\abo Am[U bJoM `mZm nHS`mV Ambo (gX^- [ZHmobmAmo _ZwMr [bIrV Ago hmoVo _moJbn.288) Oohm amOmZm nHS`mV Ambo Vohm Vo nwU gmdY hmoVo. amOo HmoU`mhr [dYrV _Z ZhVo.
`m CbQ amOo bdHa [ZK`mMm AmJh Hwboembm HaV hmoVo. hUOo amOmZm XwaXr hmoVr. nU
HwboemZo AZwmZmMo [Z[_m HZ amOmZm AmaJOo~mMo g` `oBn`V ASdyZ Yabo hmoVo.
g^mOramOmgma`m gai _Zm`m amOmMm Aem Hmao H[dHwboemZo HmQm HmTbm d ~XZm_ Hob.o
amOm`m JUmoOr [eHo d ZmJmoOr [eHo `m _ohw`mZr. Hwboembm [ZXmoe gmoS`mgmRr ~mUr
B[VhmgHmamZr amOmZm JUmoOr Am[U ZmJmoOr [eHo `mZr nHSyZ [Xbo Ago YmXmV ImoQo [b[hbo.
amOHmaUmV [HVrhr dmW Agbm Varhr Amn`m ~[hUrMo HwHy nwgmdo Ago HmoU`mhr ^mdmbm
dmQV ZgVo. JUmoOr-ZmJmoOr ho `ogw~mBMo ^mD hmoVo. `mZrM amOmZm nHSyZ [Xbo Agm AnMma
~mUr boIHmZr Hobm. hUOo Hwa, dmWu, b~mS H[dHwboembm [ZXmof gmoS`mgmRr ZmJmoOrJUmoOrbm ~XZm_ HZ ~[hU-^mdmMo n[d Zm`mbm XoIrb AZoH njnmVr boIHmZr

HbH bmdbm Amho. (H[dHwboe `m`m [\Vwar_wioM g^mOramOmZm AmaJo~mZo nHSbo Agm n

CboI BaXmg ZmJa, am~Q Am_, [ZHmbmAmo _ZwMr `m naHr` boIHmZr Hobobm Amho. gX^- N.
g^mOr _maH JW-n. 170, 194, 195, 171)
AmaJOo~mZo g^mOramOmZm _Zw_Vrg[hVo_mUo Rma _mabo
AmaJOo~mZo g^mOramOm_mUo AmOnV HmoUmbmhr Rma Hobo ZhVo. amOmZm EHm KmdmV Rma
_ma`mEodOr doJir [ejm Hm Xo`mV Ambr Agmdr? W_ amOmMr Or^ Hmn`mV Ambr. `mdZ
Ago AZw_mZ [ZKVo Hr g^mOramOmZr gHVda ^wd [_i[dbo hmoVo. `mZr Mma JW [b[hbo hmoVo
hUyZM W_ `mMr Or^ Hmn`mMm gbm ~mU gbmJmamZr [Xbm. ZVa amOmMo H_e: HmZ,
Smoio, dMm HmT`mV Ambr. hr [ZX` [ejm _Zw_Vr g[hVo_mUo Xo`mV Ambr. hUOoM
AmaJOo~m`m _m`_mVyZ amOmZm hr [ejm ~mUmZr [Xbr. H[dHwboembm XoIrb AmaJOo~mZo
[OdV Rodbo Zmhr. HmaU [OdmnmS o_ HaUm`m amOmgma`m dm[^_mZr, o_i, [Z_i Am[U
[OdbJ [_mda CbQbobm Hwboe Amnbm HYr KmV Harb ho gmJVm `oUma Zmhr. hUyZM
AmaJOo~mZo HwboembmXoIrb Rma _mabo. HmaU AmaJOo~mMm hm MmbVm ~mobVm B[VhmgM hmoVm.
AmaJOo~mZo gIo ^mD VgoM [OdbJ gaXma [XboaImZ, [_PmamOo, O`qgJ `m [dmgy
gaXmamZmhr Rma _mabo hmoVo. `m_wio _XV HaUm`m H[dHwboembm AmaJOo~mZo [OdV RodUo e`
ZhVo. HmaU Hwboembm `mMm _mo~Xbm AmaJOo~mZo [Xbm hmoVm.
AmaJOo~mZo g^mOramOmZm Y_ XofmZo Rma _mabo ZgwZ amOHr` gKfm_wio Rma _mabo.
AmaJOo~mZo amOmZm \V XmoZM Z [dMmabo. Vw_`m I[O`m`m Mm`m HmoRo AmhoV?> Am[U
_m`m gaXmamnHr Vwhmbm HmoU [\Vya Amho? hUOo AmaJOo~mZo amOmZm Y_mVamMm AmJh Yabm
ZhVm d g^mOramOmZr Y_mVamgmRr _wbrMr _mJUr Hobr ZhVr. amOmMr h`m Pm`mZVa
~mUmZr AmZXmogd hUwZ JwTrnmSdm gw Hobm.
[edeH ~X HZ _moJbmMr \gbreH gw HaUmao noedo
[dd [edam`m`m IwZmZVa N. g^mOramOo, amOmam_, Vmam~mB Am[U emhwamOmZr
^y[_nwm`m dam`mMo gajU d gdYZ Hobo. 1713 gmbr emhwamOmZr HmhmoOr AmJo _mo[h_oda
~mimOr [dZmW ^Q `mbm Om`mg gm[JVbo. nU `mZo _bm gdm[YHma [X`m[edm` _r
_mo[h_oda OmUma Zmhr Ago ~mimOr ^Q emhyamOmZm C_QnUo hUmbm. emhyamOmZm ASMUrV nHSyZ
~mimOr ^QmZo noedonX KoVbo. Am[U Aem Hmao [edmOr_hmamOmZr HmZo C^mabobo J[a~mMo

dam` arnmgy, A`mMmar, OmV`dmXr, XoeXmohr Am[U [edmOrXmohr noe`m`m hmVmV Jobo.
noe`m`m hmVmV gmm `oVmM noe`mZr [edam`mZr am`m[^foHmnmgyZ gw Hobobm [edeH ~X
Hobm. gnwU _hmammMm Hma^ma [edeHm_mUo MmbV hmoVm. Vmo [edeH noe`mZr ~X HZ
`mEodOr _moJb ~mXehmMr \gbreH gw HaUmao noedo `mZr [edmOramOm`m gd nmDbIwUm Z
Ha`mg Ama^ Hobm. [edmOramOmMo gnyU Hm` nwg`mMm gnmQm noe`mZr gw Hobm. noe`mZr
A`m`mMm Hig JmRbm. dU^oX d OmVr^oXmMr noe`mZr nwZWmnZm Hobr. QmoHmMm Y__mVSnUm
gw Pmb. ho am[nVm Omo[Vamd \wbo `mZr nm[hbo.
gd OJmbm [edmOramOm`m Hm`m~b H_mbrMm AmXa AgVmZm amOm`m JmXrda
A[VH_U Hobo`m noe`mZr _m [ed[eH ~X HZ _moJb ~mXehmMm \gbreH gw Ha`m_mJo
_wbb_mZmMm AZwZ` Ha`mMm noe`mZr `Z Hobm. [edmOramOm~b noe`mZm AgUmar KUm
`m [RHmUr n OmUdVo. ^maVmgh gd OJmVrb _wgb_mZmZm Iwf Ha`mgmRr noe`mZr
dam`mda ZmJa [\adbm. [OOmD_mgmho~mZr ~mYbobm ^`-[X` bmb_hmb nmSyZ `m [RHmUr
e[ZdmadmSm ~mYbm.
[edeH ~X HZ \gbreH gw Ha`m_mJo noe`mMm EH Smd hmoVm, Vmo hUOo
_wgb_mZmMo am` gnwU ^maVmV `oBb Am[U `mMm daXhV AmnUmda Hm`_Mm ahmdm `mgmRr
noe`mZr \gbreH gw Hobm. naVw BJOmZr AmKmSr _mabr Am[U gnyU ^maV BJOmZr qOHbm.
Vohm BJOmZr noe`mZm XoIrb nam^yV Hobo. noe`mMm \gbreH gw Ha`m_mJMm Smd \gbm.
`mZVa ~mUmZr [JJo[a`Z HboSa (OmZodmar- [Sgo~a) [dHmabo. HmaU ho nm[M_m`mMo HboSa
Amho. hUOo BJOmMr gmm ^maVmV Am`m~amo~a gd BJOr ^mfm, HboSa, [ejU, ZmoHar d
BJOmer _r ~mUmZr [dHmabr. hUOo YZ, gnmr Am[U gmogmRr [edmOramOm`m
dam`mbm noe`mZr gwJ bmdbm. (g_wX AmobmSUo nmn Amho, Ago q~~dUm`m ~mUmZrM
bSZ `oWo OmDZ [ejU KoVbo. ~hwOZg_mOmbm OJmMo kmZ hmoD Z`o `mgmRrM ~mUmZr qgYw~Xr
gw Hobr. BJO[damoY `mnmRr_mJo ~mUmMm dmW hmoVm. gmdaHamMo [ejU bSZ `oWo Pmbo.
dmgwXod ~idV \SHo, _Jb nmSo ho XoIrb BJOmHSo ZmoHarbm hmoVo. ~mU dV:Mr _wbo BJOr
emioV KmbVmV Varhr BJOrbm [damoY HaVmV. HmaU ~hwOZg_mO BJOr ^mfm [eHbm Va `mMr
_wbo ~mU _wbmMr nYH hmoVrb hUyZ ~mU BJOr ^mfobm [damoY HaVmV. ~mUmMo _amRr
^mfodarb o_mMo \ TmoJ Amho. OJmV nYoV [QH`mgmRr BJOr ^mfm [eHmdr. HmaU BJOr
OJmVrb gdmV gmonr ^mfm Amho. BJOr hr kmZ, gnH, d[H ^mfm Amho.)

[edO`Vr ~X nmS`mgmRr [QiHmZo JUoemogd gw Hobm

noe`mZr am`JSmdarb XVaImZm Omibm, amUrdgm nmSbm, amOXa~ma VmoSbm, g_mYr
CV Hobr, amOmZr _wpb_ g[ZHmgmRr ~mYbobr _[eX nmSbr, nU OJ[Xam`m _[Xambm hmV
bmdbm Zmhr. hUyZM AmO am`JSmdarb _[Xa MmJbo Amho nU amOXa~ma Z Pmbobm Amho. am
[nVm Omo[Vamd \wbo `mZm [edam`m`m dam`mMr d[XHmZr Mmbdbobr [dQ~Zm nmhdoZm, hUyZ
am[nVm \wbo 1869 gmbr am`JSmda Jobo. [edO`Vr gw Ha`mgmRr `mZr amOm`m g_mYrMm
Vnmg Hobm, nU `mZm g_mYr gmnSoZm. VrZ [Xdg am[nVm OmoVramd \wbo VWm Vm`m `mZr dobr
VmoSyZ KmUoar HmTbr d g_mYrMm emoY KoVbm. Vm`mamdmZr g_mYr YwdyZ dN Hobr. amOm`m
g_mYrg Vm`mamdmZr ^r^mdmZo A[^dmXZ Hobo Am[U g_mYrda \wbo dm[hbr. Vm`m
[edam`m`m g_mYrMr nwOm Ho`mMo Jm_Omoerg g_Obo Vohm Omoet`m Vinm`mMr AmJ
_VHmbm Jobr. Vmo g_mYrOdi Ambm Am[U g_mYrdarb \wbo bmWoZo ~mOybm gmabr Am[U
Vm`mZm hUmbm "Aao HwU~Qm! `m eyX [edmOrMr Vy nyOm HaVmog Hm`? Vmo Hm` amOm hmoVm hmo`'?
Ago Adm` ^mfoV ^Q Omoer am[nVm \wbo Am[U [edam`mZm ~moby bmJbm. Vm`mZm Iyn Xw:I
Pmbo. `mZVa Vm`mZr [edam`mMm Iyn MmJbm nmodmSm [b[hbm. Vm`mZr [edO`Vrbm gwdmV
Hobr. (1870) nw`mgh gnyU _hmammV am. \wbo `mZr [edO`Vr _moRm CgmhmZo gw Hobr.
noe`mZm `mMr MrS Ambr, nU Vo [edO`Vrbm WoQ [damoY H eHV ZhVo. HmaU am.\wbo `mZr 24
gQo~a 1873 amoOr WmnZ Hobo`m g`emoYH g_mOmZo _hmammV \ma _moRr OmJVr Hobr hmoVr.
[edO`Vrbm WoQ [damoY HaUo Ae` Ag`mZo `mZr n`m` [Xbm. Vmo n`m` hUOo JUmogd!
JUnVr hm noe`mMm Xod Amho. ~hwOZg_mOmMm JUnVrer Hmhrhr g~Y Zmhr. nU noedo Hdmar
~mi JJmYa [QiHmZo [edO`Vrbm amoI`mgmRr noe`m`m ImOJr JUnVrMm gmdO[ZH Cgd
Hobm. hUOo [QiHmZo [edO`Vr gnmdr `mgmRr 1893 gmbr JUmogd gw Hobm.
bmbm bOnVam`mZr [gdmoOr ZmMmMo CXy_YyZ [edM[a [b[hbo. `m_wio amOo nOm~-qgY
(AmVmMo nm[HVmZ) n`V g_Obo. aqdXZmW QmJmoa, ZoVmOr gw^mfMX ~mog `mMo [edmOramOo ho
Amam` XdV hmoVo. H_dra ^mDamd nmQrb hUmbo Hr gJr O_Xm`m ~mnmMo Zmd ~XboZ nU
HmboObm [Xbobo [edmOramOmMo Zmd _r HYrM ~XbUma Zmhr. Vo ^mDamd nmQrb OZ hmoVo.
`m`m_wio [edmOramOm`m a`Vobm [ejU [_imbo. H_dra Sm._m_mgmho~ OJXmio, Sm.nOm~amd
Xoe_wI, amOfu emhy _hmamO, HmVrqgh ZmZm nmQrb, gV JmSJo~m~m, ~moYZHma Hoed gr. RmHao B.
g_mOgwYmaHmMr [edam`mda AZ`[Zm hmoVr. ^maVr` am`KQZoMo [enHma [d^yfU ^maVaZ
Sm.~m~mgmho~ `mMm [edM[amMm gImob A`mg hmoVm. `mZr ewX nwdu HmoU hmoVo? `m JWmV

[edmOramOm~m~V Iyn gImob _m[hbr [b[hbobr Amho. [edmOramOm`m [eVmXr Cgdm`m

[Z[_mmZo ~Xbmnwa `oWo Am`mo[OV Hobo`m g_ma^m`m A`jWmZr Sm.~m~mgmho~ Am~oSHa hmoVo.
`m gJr amOm`m OrdZmda A`mgnwU Am[U ^mdr ^mfU Hobo. `m_wio amOmMo An[a[MV n
OZVobm g_Obo. [edmOramOm`m am`m[^foHmbm ~mUmZr Hobo`m [damoYmMm ~Xbm
Sm.Am~oSHamZr KoVbm. Sm.Am~oSHamZr ~hwOZ g_mOmbm amOm hmo`mMo dV [Xbo, Vwhr eyX
AmhmV `m_wio _w`_r hmoVm `oUma Zmhr. Ago AmO HmoUrhr ~mU hUUma Zmhr. hm A[YHma
gd ~hwOZ g_mOmbm Sm.Am~oSHamZr [Xbm. am[nVm `mo[Vamd \wbo `mZr [edO`Vr gw Hobr.
hUOo \wbo, Am~oSHa `m Jw [e`mZm [edmOramOmMm gmW A[^_mZ hmoVm. `mMo amOmda Smoig
o_ hmoVo. AmYio o_ ZhVo.
[edmOramOmMo ^mSdb HZ \wbo-Am~oSHamZr g_mOm_`o Ym[_H d OmVr` XJo [Z_mU
Hobo ZmhrV. qHdm [edmOramOm`mXmao `mZr ~hwOZ g_mOmMo d[XHrHaU Hobo Zmhr. \wboAm~oSHamZr [edmOramOmMm Iam B[Vhmg Xoembm gm[JVbm. Sm.Am~oSHa boQahoSda O` [edam`
[bhm`Mo.
gm[h`aZ Wmoa Xoe^ Am[U g_mOgwYmaH AUm^mD gmRo `mZr JUnVrbm dXZ
AgUmam nmanm[aH JU ~Xbbm. JUmMm Ama^ [edNnVtZm dXZ HZM gw Hobm. AUm^mDZr
[edam`mda _hmammMr nanam hm nmodmSm [b[hbm AmUm^mD a[e`mV Jo`mZVa `m[RHmUr
[edM[amda a[e`Z m.Mo[b[ed AmUmZm ^oQbo. AmUmZr `mZm [edam`m`m~m~V Iyn Xw[_i
_m[hVr gm[JVbr. hUOoM AmUm^mD_wioM a[e`Z OZVobm [edam`mMo Hm` _m[hV Pmbo.
[edam`mMo Hm` AmVaamr` d amr` Vamda nmohM[d`mgmRr ~hwOZ g_mOmVrb [dMmadVmZr
_mobmMo Hm` Hobo Amho.
[edam`mZm _`m[XV HaUmao Ao-_hmOZ
dmV`mVrZVa [edmOramOmMo OrdZ d Hm` am`Vamda d OmVrVamda Rod`mgmRr ~mU
Zo`mZr OmUrdnwdH `Z Hobo. g`w _hmamm`m AmXmobZgJr .Ho. Ao `mZr BVa am`mda
[QHm HaVmZm [edmOramOmMm dmna Hobm. BVa am`mZm \V ^yJmob Amho. nU _hmammbm
^yJmobmgh B[Vhmg Amho. Ago Qmo_Uo _maV amOmMo Zmd KoVbo. `m_wio [edam`m`m [V_obm
_`mXm nS`m amOHmaUmV [edam`mMm dmna gw Pmbm. amOHr` njmMr ~mYUr [edam`m`m
ZmdmZo Pmbr. naVw ~moYZHmamMm [edmOr OZVobm gm[JVbmM Zmhr. ~moYZHma Hoed gr.RmHao ho

Wmoa B[Vhmg gemoYH d g_mOgwYmaH hmoVo. `mZr [edam`mMm Iam B[Vhmg OZVobm gm[JVbm..
~moYZHma RmHao hUV Hr, [edmOramOo 33 HmoQr Xodmnojm _hmZ AmhoV. Smo`mVyZ XddmX HmTyZM
[edam`mMm A`mg Hamdm.