df 63do AH$ 3-4

AVaJ

OyZ-Owb 2011

gnmXH$r`
dmMZgH$VrMr OmonmgZm...
dmMZmMs ls_Vs
dmMH$ KS>dmdm bmJVmo
`mnH$ OrdZXeZ...
_hmZ H$bmH$VtM XeZ
gdH$f dmMZmMs JaO
Am_emoYmMm gmonm _mJ
kmZ[ddmV \o$a\$Q>H$m
`wdH$ dmMVsb Va Xoe dmMob
gV gm[h`
_hmam>mbm diU bmdUmam {dMmadV
\w$bo-emhy-Am~oS>H$a `m`m[df`s$H$m` dmMmb?
s-dmV`mMs dmQ>Mmb
g_J n[adVZm`m [XeoZo...
"gmdY, EoH$m nwT>`m hmH$m...'
OwZo OmD$ m _aUmbmJwZs...
Jm_sU OsdZmM [V[~~
H$moemMm YmS>moim!
Am_M "[dMma'YZ
IwUmdUmao [j[VO
H$dr Am{U H${dVm
_amR>s H$mX~arMo `yZ !
dmL>_`sZ [Z`VH$m[bHo$ ...
[Xdo Am[U nU`m
Zdo [ejU, Z`m [Xem, Zdo JW
`mH$aU Am[U ^mfm`dhma
Aja-H$ndjmMm ~ha
do~ [ddmVsb _amR>s
g\$a _amR>s`m AZwdmX[ddmMs
dmMZ hm `mMm `mMm Z
bmI_mobmMs bmI bmI nwVHo$
gm{h` boUr
emgH$s` JW H$meZ {dd
_mPs AmdS>Vs nwVHo$...
mPo dmMZ
nH$meZ gWmMm Q>rH$moZ
"S>moh'g~Ys WmoSo>go

m{hVr d OZgnH$ hmgMmbZmb`,

hmamQ> emgZ

w` gnmXH$

{dO` ZmhQ>m

`dWmnH$s` gnmXH$

hmX OmYd

CngMmbH$ (H$meZo)

E. Q>r. JmdrV

H$m`H$mar gnmXH$
CngnmXH$

S>m. g^mOr IamQ>

{H$aU H|$o

g
g

emgZ d
{dVaU A{YH$mar
g

{XJ~a nmbdo
{dbmg ~moS>Ho$

ghm`

amOy Ymoo
{XZoe gwd}
emV OmYd

N>m`m{Mo

wwmnR>,

{Xbrn JmJwS>}
koe H$m~ir,
{da| Ywar,
{dZ` gmV
A`wV nmbd

mS>Ur, gOmdQ> d wU

H$bm `moVr
mogog m. {b.,
VimoOm, Zdr w~B

gnmXH$s` nmm
m{hVr d OZgnH$ hmgMmbZmb`,
Z. 33, Vi Obm, mb`, w~B32 gnmXH$s` gnH$ 022-22882888
g

B-bmoH$am`gmR>r

dJUrXma, {dVaU d VH$ma {ZdmaUmgmR>r gnH$

022-22021530, 22023006, 22023957.

e-mail : lokrajyavitaran@gmail.com

ls[Zdmg [dZm`H$ Hw$bH$Uu

4
6
7
8
12
15
18
21
23
24
26
27
29
31
34
36
39
40
42
45
49
51
55
58
60
62
66
68
71
73
79
83
86
104
124
131
140
152

"bmoH$am` Yrb boImMo nwZwU Ho$`mg Amhmbm AmZXM hmoBb...

e-mail : lokrajya2011@gmail.com
Website : http://dgipr.maharashtra.gov.in

{dO` ZmhQ>m
w`r
Cnw`r
AU {Q>Ho$H$a
[XZH$a JmJb
JJmYa nmZVmdUo
Hw$_ma Ho$VH$a
adt [H$~hwZo
E. nr. Oo. AXwb H$bm
hoamO ~mJwb
S>m. gXmZX _moao
g{MZ na~
har ZaHo$
S>m. _Jbm AmR>boH$a
km X`m ndma
_mYwar nwaXao
S>m. gwYsa ^m|Jio
am. a. ~moamSo>
gwaoe nmSw>aJ dmKo
ho_V XogmB
[dO`m amOm`j
dgV Am~mOs S>hmHo$
AU gmYy
_Joe Zmam`U H$mio
gO` ^mH$a Omoes
m. a_oe nmZgo
S>m. H$me na~
S>m. _wabsYa JmoSo>
_mYd [eadiH$a
Z[XZs Am_[g
[Ziy Xm_bo
[d. [d. H$a_aH$a

dm{fH$ dJUr - d[aR> ghm`H$ gMmbH$ (H$meZo), m{hVr d OZgnH$ hmgMmbZmb`, ~aoH$ Z. 19, $s og
OZb mJ, w~B - 400021 `m n`mda ZrAmS>aZo nmR>dmdr qH$dm "boIm{YH$mar, m{hVr d OZgnH$
hmgMmbZmb`, mb`, w~B `m`m Zmdo w~B `oWo dQ>Um`m emIoMm {S>mS> S>mQ> nmR>dmdm. bmoH$am` AH$m`m
dJUrXmamZr ZyVZrH$aUmgmR>r dm{fH$ dJUr nmR>dVmZm Amnbm dJUr H$mH$ H$idmdm.({V AH$ y` 5 n`o,
dm{fH$ dJUr . 50/*`m

AH$mV `V Ho$bo`m Vmer emgZ ghV AgobM Ago Zmhr

OyZ-Owb 2011

dmMZmMm AmZX...

dm

MZ [deofmH$mMs H$nZm Oohm Am_Mo YmZ g[Md AmZX Hw$bH$Uu

`m`mg_moa _mS>bs Vohm `mZs jUmMmhs [db~ Z bmdVm Vs _m`
Ho$bs. `mZs Q>mH$bo`m [ddmgm_wio Am[U [Xbo`m nmR>~im_wioM Amhs hm
AH$ KoD$Z Amn`mg_moa `oV AmhmoV.
g`m ~mOmamV nwVH$mMs BVH$s JXu Pmbs Amho H$s, Amn`mbm hdo `m
[df`mVsb Zo_Ho$ H$moUVo nwVH$ `mdo, `m jomV A[YH$ma AgUmao boIH$ H$moU AmhoV, H$meH$
H$moU AmhoV, Vs nwVHo$ Hw$Ro> [_iy eH$Vsb, Ago AZoH$ Z nS>VmV.
eoVsnmgyZ [ejUmn`V Am[U ^mfm-`dhmamnmgyZ H$Wm-H$mX~arn`V doJdoJ`m jomV bmoH$
dmMV AgVmV. `m jomV H$moUVo boIH$ _hdmMo AmhoV, `mMs H$moUVs nwVHo$ dmMmd`mg hdsV, `m
jomVrb nydgwatM hUZ H$m` Amho, _m`da _S>is dmMZm[df`s Zo_H$m H$m` [dMma H$aVmV, `mMs
dmMZmMs [Xem H$es AgVo ho gmao gOyZ Ko`m`m `ZmV `m AH$mMs H$nZm nwTo> Ambs.
H$meZm`m jomV Jobs AZoH$ df} AZoH$ gWm XsnV^m_mUo H$m_ H$arV AmhoV. `mVsb H$mhs
gWmMm Angm n[aM` emgH$s` `mgnrR>md$Z OZVog_moa AmUmdm hmhs hoVy hmoVm. [d[dY
jomVsb _m`da H$m` dmMVmV, _s-A[YH$mar H$m` dmMVmV `mMs EH$ PbH$ gm_m` dmMH$mg
nmhmd`mg [_imds Agmhr hoVy hmoVm.
JW ho AmnU JwWmZs _mZVmo. Aem `m JWmMs _m[hVs `m-`m jomV JwWmZs AgUm`m
A[YH$mar `$sH$Sy>Z [_imds hUOo XwYmV gmIaM hmo`!
joo Am[U _m`damMs hs [ZdS> n[anyU Zmhs `mMs Amhmbm OmUsd Amho. AZoH$ JmoQ>s AH$m`m
~mhoa am[h`m `mMshs Amhmbm H$nZm Amho. IaoVa, dmMZ hs EH$ AWmJ gH$nZm AgyZ `m
nmd^y_sda n[anyUVoMm H$moUVmhs Xmdm H$aUo `mo` hmoUma Zmhs, ho gmaoM OmUVmV.
`m-`m jomVrb VkmMo [M[H$gH$ boI Am[U `mgmo~V`m JWm`m `mm ho `m AH$mMo EH$
d[eQ> R>abo Amho. `m{edm` {Okmgy dmMH$m`m Kar {H$dm JWmb`mV hdoVM Aem JWm`m H$mhr
dVm `mmhr Amhr {g Ho$`m AmhoV."_amR>sVsb gm[h`boUr' hs _hmamQ> Q>mBgZo 1985 gmbs
[g Ho$bobs `mXs Amhs Oes`m Ves [g Ho$bs Amho. hs `mXs Jmo[dX VidbH$a, nw.b.
XoenmSo>, AU AmR>`o Am[U AU [Q>Ho$H$a `mZs V`ma Ho$bs Ag`mMs _m[hVs `m AH$m`m
[Z[_mmZo W_M bmoH$mg_moa `oV Amho. `mm`m _mS>Us_`o EH$dm`Vm Agmds `mgmR>s Amhs `Z
Ho$bo AmhoV; nU, `m H$m_s H$mhs _`mXm nS>`m, ho H$~yb H$arV AmhmoV.

Amhs [dZVs Ho$bo`m Odinmg gdM boIH$mZs Amnbm A_y` doi XoD$Z Amnbo boI `m AH$mgmR>s
[Xbo, `m~b `mMo _mZmdo VodTo> Am^ma WmoSo>M AmhoV. nwZw{V boImgmR>r `m-`m boIH$- H$meH$mMo
Amhr ZmnmgyZ Am^mar AmhmoV. _m, boIH$mZs `m-`m boImV _mS>bobs _Vo hs `mMs dV:Ms _Vo
AmhoV ho nQ> H$a`mV `oV Amho. nwVH$m`m `mmhs A[V_ d$nm`m ZgyZ dmMH$ Amn`m
AmdS>s_mUo Am[U Hw$dVs_mUo `mV ^a Kmby eH$VmV ho gdmZs H$n`m bjmV `mdo.
_w`_s _hmoX`mZs Amn`m _ZmoJVmV _mS>bobm "kmZmYm[aV AW`dWo'Mm _wm Am[U "embo`
[ejUmV MsnyU Am[U AdmVa dmMZmda ^a' Xo`m~m~V Ho$bobo [VnmXZ A[Ve` _m[bH$ d$nmMo
AgyZ, Vo Z`m [dMma_WZmbm O_ XoUmao R>$ eH$Vo. gdgm_m` _mUgmMo AkmZ ho gmmH$maUmMo ^mS>db
am[hbo ZgyZ kmZm[Y{R>V g_mOaMZm hs H$mimMs JaO R>abs Amho, hm `m`m _ZmoJVmVsb Ame`
_hmamQ>mbm J{VnWmda nwTo> KoD$Z OmBb, `mV eH$m Zmhs.
emgH$s` JW[Z[_Vs Am[U JW gmam`m AZwfJmZo _m[hVs XoUmam EH$ [d^mJ AH$mV g_m[dQ>
H$a`mV Ambm Amho. Ho$di nm`m^yV gw[dYm [Z_mU H$aUo, EdT>oM emgZmMo H$m_ ZgVo. am`mMs ~m[H$
gr dmT>[d`m`m Q>sZo emgZ H$m` H$aV Amho, `mMs EH$ PbH$ `m ^mJmVyZ gm`mZm nmhmd`mg
[_iUma Amho. emgZm`m OmoS>sZoM [d[dY d`gods gWm, [dmnsRo>, ImOJs jomVsb `$s, CmoJnVs,
boIH$-H$bmdV EH$ Ambo Am[U dmMZ gH$Vs`m OmonmgZogmR>s `mZs H$mhs CnH$_ hmVs KoVbo Va
hmamQ>mV EH$ Zdo dVa KSy>Z `oBb, Aer Imr ~miJ`mg haH$V Zmhs. g_mOYw[aUmZs AmVm Amn`m
H$m`H$_ n[Ho$da dmMZ gH$VsMs OmonmgZm H$a`mMm _wmhs KoVbm nm[hOo, ho _w`_`mMo [VnmXZ `m
nmd^y_sda ~mobHo$ Amho.
Am_Mo gdM AH$ Amhs [ZXm}f H$a`mMm nwaonya `Z H$aVmo. Varhs H$mhs C[Udm amhZ Jo`m AgVsb.
"Jwao Oes MaVm MaVm A[YH$ gH$g Mmam AgUm`m Hw$aUmH$So> AmnmoAmn OmVmV `m_mUo dmMH$hs EH$Xm
dmMm`bm bmJbm H$s Vmo AmnmoAmn MmJ`m nwVH$mH$So> OmD$Z nmohmoMVmo' Ago ^mbM Zo_mSo> `mZs EHo$$
[R>H$mUs hQ>bo Amho. gdgm_m` dmMH$mbm EH$ [Xdm XmIdmdm, [X`mZo [Xdm COiV Omdm Am[U `m
H$memV gmam _hmamQ> COiyZ [ZKmdm, Aes Amem hm AH$ H$mT>VmZm _Zmes ~miJbs Amho... dmMH$mZs
hm gmam IQ>mQ>mon JmoS> H$$Z `mdm. "A[YH$ Vo gaVo `yZ Vo nwaVo' _mZyZ `m [deofmH$mMm Am{U EH$XarVM
dmMZmMm AmZX `mdm, hr [dZVs.

[dO` ZmhQ>m
_w` gnmXH$
_mo. 9619346362

OyZ-Owb 2011

dmMZgH$VrMr OmonmgZm...
[Xgm_mOs H$mhs Var Vo [bhmdo &
gJs AI[S>V dm[MV Omdo &&
MZmMo _hd eXmV gmJUo \$maM
H$R>sU Amho. g_W am_XmgmZs _m
da CXYV Ho$bo`m bmoH$mV Vo Zo_`m
eXmV AYmoao[IV Ho$bo Amho.
AmOH$mb H$a_UwH$s`m gmYZmMm A[VaoH$ Pmbm
Amho. `mM~amo~a OmJ[VH$ AmVaOmbmgmaIs
_m`_o, _m[hVs VkmZmVsb H$mVs Am[U
gnH$gmYZmMs gwb^Vm `m_wio _m[hVs [H$dm kmZ
[_i[dUo VwbZoZo gmono Pmbo Amho. `m
gdmMm n[aUm_ dmMZ H$_s hmo`mV hmoV
Amho. dmMZ hm EH$ gH$VsMm ^mJ
Amho. ao ~S>~ar `m [dMmadVmZo hQ>bo
Amho H$s, You dont have to burn

dm

AmhoV. A[Ib ^maVs` _amR>s gm[h`

g_obZmVsb nwVH$ XeZm_Ysb nwVH$
[dH$s`m aH$_m H$moQ>t`m KamV Jo`m AmhoV. ho
EH$ gw[MhM Amho. _m, _bm [MVm Amho Vs `m
gJ`mV Z`m [nT>sMm gh^mJ [H$Vs Amho `mMs.
BQ>aZoQ>, gmoeb ZoQ>d[H$J Am[U gJUH$ `m
Am^mgs OJmV a_bo`m AmO`m `wdm [nT>sbm
dmMZ gH$Vs`m _w` dmhmV AmU`mMo EH$
O~aXV AmhmZ AmnUm gdmg_moa Amho. H$maU,
`m gJ`m Z`m _m`_m_YyZ _moR>m _mUmV

books to destroy a culture, just

get people to stop reading them.

hUyZM dmMZgH$Vs`m gdYZmgmR>s

gdmZs nwTo> `oUo hs ~m~ AmO A[Ve`
[ZH$S>sMs Pmbs Amho.
_m`m `{$_dmda dmMZmMm,
JWmMm \$ma _moR>m ^md Amho. amOH$maU
hm Oar _m`m CnOs[dHo$Mm ^mJ Agbm
Var [Z` Zdo dmMZ, kmZmOZ hs _mPs
Os[dH$m Amho. _s _wimV A[^`Vm
Amho. `m_wio _m`m kmZemIoes gVV
A`mdV amh`mgmR>s dmMZmbm n`m` amhV Zmhs.
dmMZ ho Ho$di _ZmoaOZmgmR>s [H$dm
H$a_UwH$sgmR>s Agy Z`o, [H$dm `mMm VodT>mM
_`m[XV Coe Agy Z`o, `m _VmMm _s Amho.
kmZms hm dmMZmMm _w` Coe Agbm nm[hOo.
JWmZm Jw$ hQ>bo OmVo, Vo `mM AWmZo. _mJmaoQ>
\y$ba hUVmV H$s, Today a Reader, tomorrow a Leader. H$moU`mhs jomV Vwhmbm
`eds hm`Mo Agob, [eIa JmR>m`Mo Agob Va
Vwhmbm gVV `m jomVsb ZdZdo kmZ, ZdZds
_m[hVs Am[U A`mdV H$me`o Am_gmV H$amds
bmJVsb. `mgmR>s dmMZmbm A` n`m` _bm Var
[XgV Zmhs.
dmMZmMs AmdS> H$_s hmoV Mmbbs Amho, Aes
Os gmd[H$ AmoaS> gJisH$So> hmoVo, `m`mes _s
nyUV: gh_V Zmhs. H$maU, _amR>sVsb H$meZ
`dhma dmT>Vmo Amho, _amR>sV _moR>m g`oZo
nwVHo$ H$m[eV hmoV AmhoV Am[U Vs InVhs

OyZ-Owb 2011

ndsamO MhmU, w`r

_m[hVsMo AmXmZXmZ hmoV Amho. _m[hVsMm
OUwH$mhs _hm\$moQ> Pmbm Amho. H$moUVshs _m[hVs
hds Amho? Mbm CKS>m BQ>aZoQ>, Om JwJbda,
CVadm _m[hVs, Agm gJim _m_bm Amho.
JwJbUo, Ago EH$ ZdsZM [H$`mnX _amR>sV V`ma
Pmbo Amho. Z Agm Amho H$s `m A\$mQ> _m[hVsMo
H$am`Mo H$m`? [VMs [ddmgmhVm [H$Vs Am[U [VMo
kmZmV $nmVa H$go H$aUma?
H$maU, `m gJ`mMm g~Y Z[VH$ _y`mes
Amho. EH$ Zs{VdmZ, g_W Am[U amQ> C^maUsV
N>moQo>_moRo> `moJXmZ XoUmam O~m~Xma ZmJ[aH$
KS>dm`Mm Agob Va Ho$di "_m[hVsgn' AgyZ
MmbUma Zmhs, Va "kmZgn' ~Zmdo bmJob, kmZs
hmdo bmJob. Am[U `mgmR>s AWmVM dmMZmbm
Xwgam H$moUVmhs n`m` Zmhs. Ho$di EdTo>M Zmhs,

Va kmZmYm[aV AW`dWm Amn`mbm C^mamds

bmJob. `m gJ`mgmR>s _wimVM H$mhs _yb^yV
Cnm` `moO`mMs, [ZU` Ko`mMs doi Ambs Amho.
emgZ Vamda YmoaU hUyZ embo` [ejUmV
[MnyU dmMZ, A`mgH$_~m AdmVa dmMZ
`mbm mYm` mdo bmJob. Ago Ho$bo Zmhs Va Zds
[nT>s J^, MVwa hmo`mEodOs Ho$di nwVH$s
Am[U nT>sH$ n[S>V hmo`mMm YmoH$m Amho. Vgo Pmbo
Va AmnUmbm H$moUsM _m\$ H$aUma Zmhs. gwIs,
gn, gwa[jV, g`, gw[e[jV, gwgH$V
g_mOmgmR>s
dmMZgH$VsMs
OmonmgZm H$aUo hm _hdmMm AO|S>m
AmVm g_mOYw[aUmZs Ko`mMs doi
Ambs Amho. nmbH$mMshs `m~m~VMs
^y[_H$m _hdmMs R>aUma Amho. _wbmMo
_hmJSo> h> ghO nwa[dUm`m
nmbH$mZs `mZm wear the old coat
and buy a new book `m Am{Q>Z
\o$ng `m`m dMZmMo _hd
bhmZnUsM nQ>dyZ m`bm hdo.
dmMZmMm g~Y AWmVM ^mfoes
Amho. hUyZM am` gaH$maZo
am`^mfm _amR>s`m OVZ Am[U
gdYZmgmR>s R>mog nmdbo CMbbs
AmhoV. _amR>sgmR>s dV emgH$s`
[d^mJmMs [Z[_Vs H$$Z _amR>s
^mfog~Ys gd [d^mJ Am[U gWm EH$mM
N>mImbs Amhs AmU`m AmhoV. _amR>s ^mfm
gmJma g[_VsMs WmnZm H$$Z g_mOmVsb
doJdoJ`m jomVsb _m`damZm `mda WmZ
Xo`mV Ambo Amho. JWmb` Midi A[YH$
~iH$Q> H$a`mdahs emgZ ^a XoV Amho.
emgZm`m _m`_mVyZ [OhmVamda JW XeZo
^a[d`mMm [dMma Amhs H$arV AmhmoV. am`mMo
gdg_mdoeH$ gmH$[VH$ YmoaUhs AbsH$So>M
Omhsa Pmbo Amho. `m gJ`m_wio am`mVsb
gmH$[VH$ dmVmdaUmbm C^mar Am[U JVs `oBb,
`mMs _bm Ims Amho. bmoH$am`Mm dmMZgH$Vs
[deofmH$ ho `mQ>sZo EH$ _hdmMo nmD$b Amho. `m
gJm Am[U A`V _hdm`m [deofmH$mbm
_m`m _ZmnmgyZ ew^oN>m!
(eXmH$Z : gVse bisV)
9422413800

dmMZmMs ls_Vs
dm

MH$m`m
ngVsg
CVabo`m
"bmoH$am`'`m dmMZ gH$Vs
[deofmH$mV [b[hVmZm _bm \$ma AmZX
hmoV Amho. hm [deofmH$ _amR>s gm[h`a[gH$mgmR>s
ndUs R>aob `mMs _bm Ims Amho.
_bm bhmZnUmnmgyZ dmMZmMs AmdS> Amho.
OyZ _[h`m_`o emim gw$ Pm`mZVa `m [Xdes
_amR>sM nmR>nwVH$ hmVs nS>m`M, `mM [Xdes
_s `mVbo YSo> AYmemgmaIo dmMyZ H$mT>m`Mmo,
H$[dVm~m~Vhs AgoM hm`Mo. _m`m d[S>bmZm
Am[U H$mH$mZmXoIsb dmMZmMs AmdS> hmoVs. eaX
ndma gmho~m`m dmMZm`m AmdS>s~b Va
gm`mZm _m[hVs AmhoM. `m`m `m
gm[h`o_m_wioM amOH$maUm~amo~aM gm[h`
dVwimVXoIsb `mMm ghO dmda AgVmo. dmMZ
AmdS>sMm hm H$mQw>[~H$ dmagm _m`mH$So>XoIsb
MmbV Ambm Amho.
bhmZnUs gw>sV "MmXmo~m' VgoM JmoQ>sMs N>moQ>s
N>moQ>s nwVHo$ dmMVmZm AmZX [_im`Mm. Amnbo
nwVH$ dmMyZ Pmbo H$s [_mH$So> Agbobr nwVHo$
dmM`mgmR>s `mMs _ZYaUs H$am`bm bmJm`Ms;
nU, `mVyZM ghH$mamMo _hd ZH$iVnUo _Zmda
[~~dbo Jobo. hm`Hy$b_`o AgVmZm Zaha
Hw$aXH$amMo [dMmadoY _bm AmdS>m`Mo. H$mboO_`o
AgVmZm _hm_m JmYsOtMo "_mPo g`mMo `moJ',
n[S>V Zoh$Mo "^maVmMm emoY', [d.Xm. gmdaH$a
`mMo "_mPs O_Ro>n' hs nwVHo$ dmMbs hmoVs.
_m`mV Omo H$UIanUm Amho `m_mJMs oaUm hs
nwVH$ AmhoV, Ag _bm dmQ>V.
MmJbs nwVHo$ dmMyZ H$mT>`mgmR>s Amd`H$
AgUmar D$_u _bm H$moRy>Z `oVo _m[hVs Zmhs,
H$Xm[MV _amR>s ^mfo`m JmoS>`mMs Vs H$_mb
Agob. [dmWuXeoV AgVmZm ^mfU EoH$m`bm
_bm AmdS>m`Ms. mMm` [edmOsamd ^mogbo `mM
`m`mZ EoH$`mZVa `m`mH$So> EdT>s _m[hVs
H$es H$m` AgVo, Agm _bm Z nS>bm hmoVm.
"nwVH$mZmXoIsb JY AgVmo' ho `mM dm` _m`m
_Zmbm Vmo JY AZw^d`mgmR>s Zoh_sM o[aV H$aV
AgV.
ehamM _hd ho ehamVsb B_maVt`m
CMsd$Z Zho, Va ehamV`m dmMZmb`m`m
CMsd$Z R>aV AgV, Ag EH$m [dMmadVmZ hQ>b
Amho. nem`m ls_Vsnojm dMm[aH$ ls_Vs H$Yshs
loR> AgVo ho `mVyZ VrV hmoV.

nwVH$ dmMVmZm Amnb eXm~amo~aM `m

boIH$mes nU ZmV OmoS>b OmV. [dmWuXeoV
dmMbo`m H$[dVm Am[U YSo> `m H$ds [H$dm
boIH$mbm nwVH$$nmZ ^oQ>`mMs AmoT> [Z_mU
H$aVmV. hs AmoT> _J H$ds Am[U boIH$m`m `j
^oQ>sMs dmQ> _moH$is H$aVo. dmMZ gH$VsM _yi ho
`m AmoT>sV XS>bob AgV.

A[OV ndma, Cnw`r

AmO _m[hVs Am[U VkmZ `wJmV _mo~mBb Ogo

2G, 3G qH$dm 4G hUyZ AmoiIbo OmVmV, `mM

nVsZ boIH$m`m ZmdmZ [nT>s AmoiIbs OmVo.

Amhs [d.g. ImSo>H$am`m [H$dm Zm.gs. \$S>Ho$
`m`m [nT>sMo, AmMm` Ao, nw.b. XoenmSo>, X._m.
[_amgXma [H$dm AJXs AbrH$S>`m H$[dVm
_hmOZ `m`m [nT>sMo hUVmZm Amn`mbm
AmT>iVmV. `mMmM AW EH$ [nT>s [Z_mU
H$a`mMs VmH$X boIH$m`m eXm_`o AgVo. hsM
VmH$X dmMZ gH$VsMo OVZ Am[U gdYZ H$aV
AgVo. nwVH$ Ho$di kmZmV ^a KmbVmV Ago Zho,
Va _mUg dmMm`bmhs [eH$dVmV. AmnU H$WmH$mX~`m_Ysb `{$[MmMm emoY ^modVmb`m
_mUgm_`o `m`bm bmJVmo. `mVyZM _J
Amn`mbm _mUg dmMm`Ms gd` bmJVo.
`{$[Mm`m dmMZmVyZM _bm _mUg dmMm`Ms
gd` bmJbs Amho. `m_wi g_moaMm _mUyg [H$Vs
Ia Am[U [H$Vs ImoQ> ~mobVmo`, ho R>adm`bm _bm
\$magm doi bmJV Zmhs. amOH$maU Am[U
g_mOH$maU H$aVmZm OZVo`m ^md-^mdZm
dmM`mMm N>X Amhmbm OS>bobm AgVmo, hsM

Am_Ms Iar dmMZ gH$Vs ~ZyZ OmVo.

"dmMmb Va dmMmb' ho dm` Amn`mbm
~`mM [R>H$mUs dmMm`bm [_iV. gmjaVoes
g~{YV hs Ajao Agbs Var `mVyZ [Xbm OmUmam
gXoe [H$Vs _hdmMm Amho, `mMs Amn`mbm
OmUsd AgVoM. AmOMo `wJ ho _m[hVs Am[U
VkmZmMo `wJ hUyZ AmoiIbo OmVo. `mVsb
_m[hVs hm eX _m`m Q>sZo \$ma _hdmMm Amho.
BQ>aZoQ>`m $nmZo AmO _m[hVsMm MS> _moR>m moV
Amn`mbm Iwbm Pmbm Amho. dmMZ ho Ho$di
[daJwim hUyZM [H$dm AmdS> hUyZ Ho$bo OmD$
Z`o, Va dV:bm A`mdV Ro>d`mgmR>sXoIsb Ho$bo
Omdo. nY}V [Q>Hy$Z amh`mgmR>s _m[hVs ho \$ma
^mds A R>aUma Ag`m_wio dMm[aH$
J^VogmR>s dmMZmgmaIm Xwgam n`m` Zmhs, Ag
_bm dmQ>V.
AmMm` Ao `mM "H$hoM nmUs',
JmdmHw$gm~mhoa`m OsdZmM [OdV [MU H$aUma
X`m ndma `mM "~bwV', ^mH$a n|T>maH$amM
"amaJT>mJ', [ddmg nmQ>sb `mM "PmS>mPS>Vs',
[_[bX ~moH$sb `mM "emim', ^mH$a nUesH$amM
"Vmo _sM', H$[dVm _hmOZ `mM "~' hr nwVH$, Vo
AmVm gdm`m MM}Mm [df` Agbob ^mbM
Zo_mSo> `mM "[hXy-OJ`mMs g_ AS>Ji' hs
m[V[Z{YH$ Zmd _amR>s dmMZ gH$Vs`m [MaVZ
A{VdmMs _y[V_V CXmhaU AmhoV. ~[hUm~mB
MmoYar, ~mbH$ds, H$[dd` Hw$gw_mJO, emVm~mB
eoiHo$, [dXm H$aXsH$a, gwaoe ^Q>, _Joe
nmS>JmdH$a Vo AmVm`m gm[_ `m H$dt`m H$[dVm
[H$VsXm Oar dmM`m Var nmdgm`m n[h`m
YmamZs [^Obo`m YaUs_mVoMm JY gXd Xadimdm
Vem XadiV amhVmV.
ZeZb ~wH$ Q>Q>`m AbrH$S>`m gd}jUmV
dmMH$m`m g`oV dmT> hmoV Ag`mMs gwIX
~mV_s dmMm`bm [_imbs. H$mimM [V[~~
gH$VsV nS>b H$s gm[h` XoIsb `m
[V[~~mVb Amnb A{Vd S>moH$mdyZ ~Km`Mm
`Z H$aV. `m_wiM H$mim_mU ~XbUma
gm[h` dmMH$m`m ngVsg CVaV. AmO`m _amR>s
gm[h`mV ho [V[~~ C_Q>V` Ag _bm ImrZ
dmQ>V. dmMZ [deofmH$mg m`m ew^oN>m!
(eXmH$Z [demb T>Jo)
9850076068

OyZ-Owb 2011

dmMH$ KS>dmdm bmJVmo

$m

dbm doi dm CXmgs Kmbd`mgmR>s

AWdm _Z [aPd`mgmR>s Ho$bo`m
H$Wm-H$mX ~ `m-H$[dVmg J h
AmXt`m dmMZmbm _s dmMZ hUUma Zmhs.
H$Wm-H$mX~ar-H$[dVm ho dmL>_`H$ma _s H$_s
boIVmo hUyZ Zho, Va gOZesb dmL>_`H$VtM
dmMZ ho XZ[XZ Im`m[n`m`m H$mamBVnV
Amn`m "bmB\$-Q>mBb'_`oM _wab nm[hOo,
hUOo dmn-[Z`VH$m[bH$m`m dmMZmgmaI,
XZ[XZsMmM Vo ^mJ Pmb nm[hOo, Ag _bm dmQ>V.
`m_wio Vwhs dmL>_`mMo Vk Agm dm B[VhmgmMo,
gOZesb dmL>_`mM dmMZ ho AJ`mMM Amho.
"ZmQ>`moJ nmhmU hUOo _mZ[gH$ gVwbZmMm
bm^ naV [_idU,' Ag A[^OmV ZmQ>H$m`m
bm^m~b ~mobVmZm A[aQ>mQ>bZ hQ>b hmoV.
~`m-dmBQ> OsdZmZw^dm_wio ^mdZmM [~KS>bob
gVwbZ A[^OmV ZmQ>H$ nmhyZ Pm`mZVa nwhm
bm^`mbm A[aQ>mQ>bZ "H$Wm[gg'Ms [H$`m
Ag g~moYb Amho. H$Wm[gg`m [gXmVmM
_amR>s Zm_H$aU hUOo "[daoMZ.' Va gOZesb
dmL>_`H$Vs hs dmMH$m`m _ZmVb [~KS>bob
gVwbZ nwhm [_idyZ XoVo. `m_wio MmJ`m
dmL>_`H$VsMm AmdmX Amn`m \$md`m doimV
KoU, hs XZ[XZ _hdmMsM JaO Amho. AWmV,
Agm AmdmX [H$VsOU KoVmV, [H$VsXm KoVmV, hs
~m~ [Zamis.

OyZ-Owb 2011

_m`m _VmZwgma, Amn`m AmdS>s`m,

[ZdS>s`m [df`mV AmdOyZ Ho$bob dmMZ hoM Ia
dmMZ. Ag dmMZ ho "A`mg' `m dJmV _moSy>
eH$V, H$maU Aem dmMZmVyZ Amn`m VwQ>nw`m
kmZmV ^a nSy> eH$Vo. AWmV dmL>_`mMm
m`mnH$ AWdm gm[h{`H$ gOZesb
dmL>_`H$VsMmhs "A`mg' H$aVmo, Vohm `m`m
OsdZm[dH$mamVhs ^a nSy> eH$Vo. gdgm_m`
dmMH$ Oohm gOZesb dmL>_`H$Vs dmMVmo,
Vohmhs `m`m gdoXZj_VoV, AmH$bZmV ^a nSy>
eH$Vo, nU [VV`m Jm^s`mZ `mZ Vs dmMbs
VaM. A`Wm \$md`m doimV gJsVmMm AmdmX
KoU AZ [__S>is`m Kmoi`mV JnmQ>nm H$aU

AU {Q>Ho$H$a
dm dmMZ H$aU `m H$Vs dada`mM R>aVmV. Ag
dmMZ _ZmMm R>md KoD$ eH$V Zmhs. Amn`mbm
AdJV Agbo`m ^mfmVsb dmL>_`H$VsM
n[aesbZ ho Ho$bM nm[hOo, VaM `m ^mfoM - _J
Vs _mV^mfm Agmo dm [nV^mfm dm H$m`^mfm A[^_mZs hmoVm `oBb. Ho$di ^md[ZH$ nmVisda
Oo amhV Zmhs, ~m{H$ nmVisda Oo dmMH$mbm
KoD$Z OmV, Vo I`m AWmZ dmMZ, Aes _mPs
g_OyV Amho. BV`m dfm`m WmoS>m~hwV
dmMZmZVa _bm Ag dmQ>m`bm bmJb Amho, H$s

EImXm dmMZ-Jw$ dmMZm`w`m`m gwdmVsbmM

[_imbm, Va dmMZmbm [Z{MV [Xem [_imbs
AgVs AZ dmL>_`H$Vs dmMyZ Pm`mZVa hs
dmMbs ZgVs Va [~KS>b ZgV, ZwgVmM doi
Jobm, Ag Oo doimodois dmQ>b Vo Vg dmQ>b ZgV.
_amR>s dmL>_`H$Vt`m ~m~VsV ho dmadma dmQ>m`bm
bmJ`mM AZoH$OU ~mobyZ XmIdy bmJbo AmhoV.
nU dmMH$m`m `m _VmZm _amR>s boIH$ \$maes
[H$_V XoVmZm [XgV ZmhsV. dmV[dH$, _amR>s
dmL>_`mVsb ho CUonU Amho, nU Vo Kmbd`mMm
`Z boIH$ dm H$meH$hs H$aVmZm [XgV ZmhsV.
n[aUm_s, IwOonUmVM dmL>_`sZ CMs _moO`mMm
`Z H$aV AmnU AmnbsM \$gJV H$aV AmhmoV.
dmMZmngyZ hmoUmao bm^ dmMH$mbm H$ibo ZmhsV,
Va Vmo dmMZm`m ^mZJS>sV nSo>bM H$embm?
dmMZ-Jw$ bm^bm, Va Vmo H$m` dmMmd ho
gmJob, H$g dmMb nm[hOo ho gmJob, H$m dmMb
nm[hOo hohs gmJob. _amR>sV`m Cm_mom_ JWmMs
_m[hVs XoUmar nwVH$ doimodois CnbY hmoU, hm
dmMH$m[YH$ma Amho, Ag _bm dmQ>V. "_hmamQ>
Q>mBg'Z H$mhs dfmnydu "_amR>s gm[h`-bo`m'Ms
`mXs [g Ho$bs hmoVs. (`m AH$mV Vs nwhm
H$m[eV Ho$bs Amho.) "JWmbs'Zo n[aM`m_H$
[Q>nUmg[hV Vs nw{VHo$`m d$nmV dmMH$mZm
CnbY H$$Z [Xbs hmoVs. dmV[dH$, Agm
dmL>_`H$VsMm n[aM`JW dmMH$m`m `oH$ Z`m

[nT>sbm [_imd`mg hdm. `mM `mXsVsb H$mhs

dmL>_`sZ _moVs JiVsb, H$mhtMs Z`mZ ^a
nSo>b. dmL>_`sZ _hmoMo `oH$ Z`m [nT>sMo
[ZH$f doJdoJio Agy eH$VmV. Ow`mZ`m
dmL>_`H$VtM _y`mH$Z VgM nwZ_y`mH$Z gVV
hmoV AgV. H$mb Xwb[jV Pmbo`m dmL>_`H$VsMm
EImXm g_sjH$ Zdm AW bmdVmo AZ [Vbm
AmYw[ZH$ R>adVmo, Va H$mbMs JmObobs
dmL>_`H$Vs AMmZH$nUo [VMs gmar dmL>_`sZ
_hmm J_mdyZ ~gVo. `m_wio `oH$ [nT>sZ H$moU`m
A[^OmV dmL>_`H$Vs dmMm`mV, `mM _mJXeZ
H$aUmao JW [_iV Jobo Va AdmVa dmMZmV, hUOo
dV:Mm _mJ ImMIi`mVZ H$mT>V _mJH$_Um
H$a`mV, `m [nT>sMm dm`m OmUmam [H$VsVar doi
dmMob.
bS>Z`m "gSo> Q>mBg'_`o "`wAa boPa' `m
esfH$mImbs OmZ H$ao `m BJOs`m m`mnH$mZ Xa
AmR>dS>mbm [dgm`m eVH$mV`m EH$m A[^OmV
dmL>_`H$VsM agJhU Z`m [nT>sgmR>s gmXa Ho$b.
OmZ H$aoMs nmg nwVH$mMs [ZdS> `{$gmnoj
Ag`mM `mZs Amb, Var Vs [dMmanydH$
Ho$`mM `mZs `oV. 1902 _`o [g Pmbo`m
H$mZZ S>m`b`m "X hmCS> Am\$
~mH$a[dboO'nmgyZ 1996 _`o [g Pmbo`m
Jh_ {dQ>`m "bmQ> AmS>g'n`V nmg
[Z~YgJh, H$m`gJh, H$mX~`m, H$WmgJh,
Am_H$WZ AmXtMs [ZdS> H$aVmZm ZdsZ [nT>s`m
A[^MsMs dmT> H$es hmoD$ eHo$b, `mMmhs [dMma
H$aoZ Ho$bm Amho.
[edm` Am`w`^a
boIZH$m_mgmR>s Ho$bo`m boIH$mM EH$ nwVH$
[ZdS>m`M, hs _moR>sM narjm hUmd`mMs. nU
H$YsH$Ys EdT>m JWg^mamVZ AmnU hoM nwVH$
H$m [ZdS>b `mMhs nQ>sH$aU H$aoZ [Xb Amho.
[dgm`m eVH$mV`m `m nmg nwVH$mV ^maVs`
[dH$_ goR>Ms "A gwQ>o~b ~m`' hs ~hXH$mX~arhs
H$aoZ [ZdS>bs Amho. [d`_ Jmo{S>J `m Zmo~ob
nwaH$ma[dOo`m boIH$mMs "X bmS> Am\$ X
bmBO' hs [dd[d`mV H$mX~ar Z [ZdS>Vm "X
Bho[aQ>g' hs H$mX~ar [ZdS>bs Amho. Xmohs
H$mX~`mMm [df` - [H$~hwZm Jmo[S>JMm A`V
AmdS>Vm [df` - "_mZdmMs IbZesbVm' hmM
Agbm Var H$aobm "X Bho[aQ>g'_`o Jmo{S>J`m
boIZH$me`mMo gmao JwU AmT>ibo. H$aoZ
[ZdS>bo`m nmg nwVH$mnH$s H$mhs nwVH$m~m~V
_V[^Vm Agy eHo$b. nU "`wAa boPa-A
JmBS> Qy> X Q>do{Q>EW g|MwarO _moQ> EOm`o~b
~wg' `m gOZesb dmL>_`H$VtM agJhU
dmMH$mgmR>s gmXa H$$Z `m dmMH$mbm A[YH$

dmMZmgmR>s dm H$aUmam _mJXeH$ Amho, `mV

eH$m Zmhs. Ago _mJXeH$ dmMH$mZm doimodois
CnbY H$$Z [Xbo, Va Vo Xw`_, [V`_ XOm`m
dmL>_H$VtH$So> diUmagwm ZmhsV.
_bm Ago _mJXeH$ doisM CnbY Pmbo
ZmhsV. hmVs Oo Amb, Vo MmiyZ, dmMyZ,
dmL>_`sZ ImMIi`mVyZ dV:Ms dV:M gwQ>H$m
H$$Z KoV _mJH$_U H$amd bmJb. ~aM Am`w`
`m_wio dm`m Job, Ag _bm AmO dmQ>V. EImXm
dmMZ-Jw$ [_imbm AgVm Va Vo A[YH$ gH$maUs
bmJb AgV.
hmamQ>m_`o JmObobo dmMH$ ^anya AmhoV. _s
`m`mnH$s Zmhs Agm _mPm g_O Amho. "Mmodsg
Vmg dmMUmam !' `m qH$dm "gVV dmMUmam' Agm
Omo EH$ eX`moJ Amn`mH$So> Ho$bm OmVmo, _bm Vo
nadS>Uma Zmhs. "[ZXmZ AR>am Vmg gwm Vo e`
Zmhs. dmMH$ hm Zoh_s "Mmodsg Vmg' qH$dm "AR>am

Vmg' dmMV AgVmo, Agm eX`moJ Amn`mH$So>

H$m $T> Pmbm Amho ho _bm _mhsV Zmhs. hm AR>am
VmgmMm [heo~ H$m` Amho hohs _bm _mhsV Zmhs.
~hwYm ghm Vmg Pmon `m`Ms Am[U BVa AR>am
Vmg dmMZmZX KoV ~gm`M Ag H$mhsg g_sH$aU
Amn`mH$So> Pmbobo Amho. ho g_sH$aUM Amnbm
KmV H$aV Amho Ag _bm dmQ>V. AR>am Vmg qH$dm
Mmodsg Vmg dmM`m`m EodOs dmMZ Z Ho$bob
~a, Ago g_OUm`mMs g`m dmT>sbm bmJbobs
Amho. hm gwk [dMma Pmbm Am[U Vmo _w~BH$ambm
H$amdmM bmJVmo. nU `m dois AmnU Amn`m
[_mZm, Ka`m _S>itZm Ag gmJy H$s ~m~m ao,
[XdgmVyZ EImXm Vmg dmMZ Ho$b Var Mmbob,
AmR>dS>mVyZ EImXm Vmg dmMZ Ho$b Var Mmbob,

`m doiobm _bm dmQ>V H$s _hmamQ>m_`o dmMH$

dmT>Vsb.
dmMH$ H$_s Pmbo AmhoV Ag gnmXH$mnmgyZ
m`mnH$mn`V gd gmJV AgVmV. _amR>s_`o
dmMZ H$_s hmoV Amho Am[U `mM H$maU Oo [Xb
OmV Vo ho, H$s _amR>sV ~hwVme nwVH$mMs Amdms
AH$ameo VtBVH$sM _`m[XV Amho. `m
Ang`o_wio EImX nwVH$ [dH$b Om`bm g_Om
Mma-nmM df} bmJV AgVsb, `md$Z AmnU
Ag AZw_mZ ~mYVmo H$s, _amR>s_`o dmMH$ H$_s
AmhoV. Vo Ia Amho, nU [VVH$ Ia Zmhs. _bm
Ag dmQ>V H$s, BVa am`m`m _mZmZ _hmamQ>m_`o
gmdO[ZH$ JWmb`mM Omi BVH$ _moR> Amho, H$s
`m_wio dV: JW [dH$V KoD$Z dmM`mMs
gm_m[OH$ gd` Amn`mbm bmJbs Zgmds.
JWmb`mV ~gyZ bmoH$ dmMV AgVmV, [\$a`m
dmMZmb`mVyZ AmUyZ nwVH$ dmMV AgVmV.
`m_wio bmoH$ dmMV ZmhsV, `mda _mPm `{$e:
[ddmg Zmhs. _s `m XwH$mZmVyZ AZoH$Xm nwVH$
KoVbobs AmhoV, `m "QS> ~wH$ Q>mb'_`o amoO
[H$Vs bmoH$ Ambo, `mMs nydu _moOXmX Ro>dV. EH$m
e[Zdmar _s Oohm [VWo Jobmo hmoVmo, Vohm `mZs
_bm gm[JVb hmoV H$s, "AmO`m [Xdgm_`o BW
950 bmoH$ `oD$Z Jobo.' _w~B_`o Oa gw[e[jV
dJmnH$s EH$ hOma _S>is EH$m [Xdgm_`o EH$m
nwVH$m`m XwH$mZmV OmV AgVsb Va nydu OodT>m
dmMH$ hmoVm VodT>mM dmMH$ AmOhs Amho Ag
hUm`bm hd. eH$a dmdsH$a Zmdm`m EH$m
JhWmMs 1896 `m gmbs [g Ho$bobs "dmMZ'
ZmdmMs nw{VH$m _m`m gJhs Amho. [V`m
VmdZoV Ag hQ>bob Amho H$s, "hsMo mo\o$ga
Am[U [ejH$ ho Qo>Q>~wH$m`[V[a$ H$mhs dmMV
ZmhsV.' hUOo e^amhyZ A[YH$ df} AmnU VsM
VH$ma H$aV Ambmo AmhmoV.
_bm Ag dmQ>V H$s, Hw$R>`mhs g_mOm_`o
dmMH$ hm _wimVM H$_s AgVmo. `mZ H$mhs
[~KS>V Aghs Zmhs. nU dmMH$ hQ>`mZVa
H$moUVm dmMH$ Amn`mbm Ano[jV AgVmo? _s
BW dmMH$mMo JQ> nmS>Uma Amho. `m JQ>md$Z
Amn`m bjmV `oBb H$s, Omo JQ> Amn`mbm
"dmMH$' hUyZ A[^oV Amho Vmo dmMH$dJ A`
AZ Amn`mH$So>hs H$_s Amho. [H$~hwZm Vmo
Amn`mbm dmQ>V AgV H$s g_OyV MwH$sMs Amho.
_bm AmdOyZ gmJmdg dmQ>V, H$s Amnbs Aes
MwH$sMs g_OyV Amho, H$s Oo H$mhs H$amd Vo
gJ`mZs H$amd. BJOs [eH$m`M Va gJ`mZm Vo
[eH$m`bm [_im`bm nm[hOo, ZmhsVa H$moUmbmM
Zmhs. Aem ~m~Vs_`o Amnbs AmoT>mVmU hmoV

OyZ-Owb 2011

amhmUma. g_Om, EImXm dJ BJOsM dmMUmam

Agbm Va `mZ Amnb Iyn H$mhs ZwH$gmZ hmoBb
Aghs _bm dmQ>V Zmhs. Amn`mH$So>M dmMH$
H$_s Pmbo AmhoV Aes VH$ma hmoVo Amho Ag Zmhs.
H$mhs MmoIXi dmMH$m`m bjmV Agob H$s,
Xhm-EH$ dfmnydu BbS>`m [g MmgZ Aes
VH$ma Ho$bs hmoVs H$s, hs BbS>_`o eog[nAa
\$magm dmMbm OmV Zmhs. BbS>_`o eog[nAa
Cno[jV R>amdm `mbm H$m` H$mbJVs hUmds H$m?
gm_m` Am[U eog[nAa `mVyZ EH$mMs [ZdS>
H$am`Mm gJ CX^dbm Va Amhs gm_m` gmoSy>,
nU eog[nAa gmoSy>, Ag hUUm`m [~[Q>emda
gm_m`mnmR>monmR> eog[nAahs gmoS>`mMs doi
Ambs! [~Q>Z`m amOnwmZM ho H$~yb H$amd?
hUOo `m`mH$So>hs VsM VH$ma Ho$bs OmV
Amho.
Va Aem WmoS>m dmMH$mMo _s dJuH$aU
H$aVmo. Mma dJm_`o _s Amnbm dmMH$dJ
[d^mJbm Amho. `m dJuH$aUm_`o Oa
H$moUmbm WmoS>mgm Am`mMm dmg Ambm Va
dmnm`m gnmXH$mbm Vo j` Amho, Ag
_mZyZ j_m H$amds. EH$ dJ g_mOm_`o
Agm AgVmo H$s Vmo dmMV AgVmo, naVw H$m`
dmMmd `mMo [ZH$f `m`mnmes ZgVmV.
MmJb dmL>_` Am[U AdJwUm_H$ dmL>_`
ho _moO`m`m _moOnm `m`mH$So>
ZgVmV. Xwgam Omo dJ Amho Vmo OmV KmVH$
Amho Am[U Vmo Amho, Z dmMVm dmL>_`sZ
_V [VnmXZ H$aUm`mMm. _m`m bhmZnUs
H$`w[ZQ> [dMmagaUsMs `$s hs A[Ve`
~w{_mZ g_Obs Om`Ms. AmnU ~w{_mZ g_Ob
Omd hUyZ gm`dmXs [dMma ~mobyZ XmIdUm`mMs
g`m Vohm H$_s ZhVs. Oo Amn`mbm H$iV
Zmhs `m`m~b S>moio [_Qy>Z MmJb hUm`M, hs
H$bm Amn`mbm `d{WV AdJV Pmbobs Amho.
hm g_mOmMm KmV H$aUmam dJ Amho. [Vgam Omo dJ
Amho Vmo dmMUm`mMm Am[U MmJb dmL>_` H$moUV
[Z dmBQ> H$moUV ho ~amo~a OmUUm`mMm Amho.
m`mnH$ _S>is `mV AgVsbM Ag Zmhs. nU
`m dJmnmgyZ _s MmWm dJ, Omo g_sjH$mMm Amho
Vmo ~mOybm H$mT>bm Amho. g_sjH$mZm `m dJmV _s
Ro>dy eH$bmo AgVmo. nU Vg _s H$aUma Zmhs.
dmMUmam Am[U MmJb H$m`, dmBQ> H$m` ho
[Z{MVnUo gmJUmam hm Omo dJ Amho, Vmo dJ
boIH$, H$meH$ Am[U dmMH$ `mZm gmYUmam Xwdm
hmoD$ eH$Vmo. nU Amn`m AmO`m H$meH$mZm
hm dJ AmdS>V Zmhs. gnyU O~m~XmarZ _s ho
~mobVmo Amho, H$s ~hwVme H$meH$mZm hm dJ

10 OyZ-Owb 2011

AmdS>Uma Zmhs. hUyZ `m dJmbm Xya \o$H$b OmV.

ZmhsVa hm dJ `d{WVnUo Amnb H$m_ H$$
eH$Vmo.
g_sjH$mMm Omo MmWm dJ _s Ho$bm Amho,
`m~b H$m` ~mobm`M? Z dmMVm g_sjm H$aUmao
AmhoV VgoM g_sjogmR>sM dmMUmao AmhoV. `m
[df`mM nwVH$ hmVmV `oBb, `m nwVH$mda _s
g_sjm H$$ eH$Vmo, Ag hUU ho boIH$mdaM
Zho, Va dmL>_`m`m Q>sZhs A`m` H$aUma
Amho Ag _bm dmQ>V.
g_sjH$mM
"noebm`PoeZ' hd AZ Amn`m A`mgm`m
[df`mdaMs ~hwVme nwVH$ `mZ nyduM dmMbobs
hdsV. Mma dJm_`o AmOMm A[Ve` WmoS>m
Agbobm _amR>s dmMH$dJ [d^mJbm Jobobm Amho.

_bm `{$e: Aghs dmQ>V H$s AmOMm ~hwVme

dmMH$dJ hm n[h`m dJmV hUOo dmMUmam, nU
H$m` dmMmd, H$m` dmMy Z`o `mMo [Z{MV Ago
[ZH$f ZgUmam Amho. Vmo ZdX Q>$o Var Agmdm
Agm _mPm g_O Amho. _J `m Mma dJmZm EH$
H$$Zgwm dmMH$ H$_s AmhoV Ag Oohm AmnU
hUVmo Vohm Vmo dmMH$ H$moU? dmMZgH$Vs
H$moUmMs? _s [Z{MVnUo gmJVmo H$s, Ow`m-Z`m
nwVH$m`m XwH$mZmV Ago AZoH$ gm_m` bmoH$
[XgVmV, H$s Oo nXambm Ima bmdyZ nwVH$ [dH$V
KoVmV. `mMm Hw$Ro>hs JmOmdmOm hmoV Zmhs. Vo H$m
dmMV AgVmV Vohs Amn`mbm H$iV Zmhs. naVw
`mMo [d[eQ> [df` AgVmV, `m [df`mMs
nwVH$ Vo [dH$V KoV AgVmV. H$Q>_ Am[\$ga Oar
Agbm Var Vmo MmJbm dmMH$ Agy eH$Vmo. _J
`mZm dmMH$ g_Om`M H$s Zmhs? H$m ~w{dmXs
jomV Oo AmhoV VoM dmMH$ Am[U `mMsM g`m
AmnU _moOV amhUma AmhmoV?
EH$m boIH$m`m Am_M[amMs Om[hamV EH$m
H$meH$mZ Aes [Xbs hmoVs H$s, "boIH$ hm

Agmdm bmJVmo, Vmo KS>V Zmhs.' _m`m _Vo

dmMH$mM Zo_H$ CbQ> Amho. Vmo H$Yshs AgV
Zmhs, Vmo KS>mdm bmJVmo, KS>dmdm bmJVmo. ho
KS>Uhs Ag H$s bhmZnUmnmgyZ AmnU dmT>V
AgVmZm Amnbo H$nSo> Ogo VmoH$So> hmoVmV, Am[U Vo
H$nSo> Ogo AmnU ~XbVmo Vgo dmL>_`-H$ma
dmMZmgmR>s "hmVmibo' OmUo ho ghO Ag KS>b
nm[hOo. Am[U BWM Amn`m g_mOmMs J\$bV
hmoV Amho, Ag _bm dmQ>V.
_m`m ZmoH$ar`m Am[U gmdO[ZH$
JWmb`m`m doim gma`mM AmhoV Ag `mZmV
Am`mZVa _s A`mgmgmR>s nwVH$ dV: [dH$V
`m`bm gwdmV Ho$bs. `m dois OwZs nwVH$
[dH$V KoU hoM nadS>V hmoV. _m gnmXH$
Pm`mda ZdsZ nwVH$ [dH$V KoD$ eH$bmo. `m
nwVH$mMs AmdS> EH$Xm [Z_mU Pmbs H$s Vs
`gZmgmaIs Vwhmbm [MH$Q>VmV Am[U
JWIaoXsM doS> bmJV. EH$ _m _s gmJVmo
H$s, AdmT>` IM H$$Z _s H$Ys nwVH$
KoVbs ZmhsV, AZoH$ doiobm _s MmJbs
nwVH$ hmVmVyZ Kmbdbs. Omon`V [dHo$`mes
Vw_Mm `{$JV g~Y Wm[nV hmoV Zmhs
Vmon`V Aes nwVH$ Vwhmbm J_dmds
bmJVmV. J_mdbo`m nwVH$mnH$s EH$ hmoV
Ow`m nw`mg~Ys. 1856`m Amgnmg [g
Pmbob. `m doiobm _mPm nJma 650 n`o
hmoVm, `m dois `m nwVH$mMs [H$_V 500 .
hmoVs. `m doiobm PoamgMs gmo`gwm ZhVs,
`m doiobm nwVH$ [dHo$`mZ Vo nwVH$ _m`mH$So>
VsZ-Mma _[hZo Ro>dm`bm [Xb. _m`mda [ddmg
Ro>dbm. _s H$mhs H$mimZVa Vo nwVH$ naV Ho$b.
dV_mZnmV ZH$mo Vo Am[U ZH$mo [VVH$ [bhyZ ngo
[_idbo Am[U Vo nwVH$ [dH$V `m`bm Jobmo. nU
Vmon`V Vo Xwg`m H$moUsVar [dH$V Zob hmoV! Vohm
_bm Ow`m nwVH$m`m XwH$mZmVbm n[hbm YS>m
[_imbm H$s hmVmVb nwVH$ H$Ys gmoSy> Z`o. EH$Xm
gmoS>b H$s Vo nwhm hmVmV `oV Zmhs
dmMZ Mmby amhmd AemM ZmoH$`m gwXdmZ _bm
[_im`m. gnmXH$mMs ZmoH$ar, _s dmMZ H$$ Z`o
Agm `Z H$aUmar. Var O_ob Vg _s [XdgmVbm
EImXm Vmg Var dmMV Jobmo. B. EM. H$ma `m`m
"hmQ> BO [hQ>s?'Z _mP OsdZ ~Xbb Ag _s
nyduM hQ>b. dmL>_`m_YyZ B[VhmgmH$So> dibmo,
diVmZm H$mhs nwVH$ O$a A`mgU _bm
Amd`H$ dmQ>b. `mV H$mob~wH$M "X Am`[S>`m
Am\$ [hQ>s' hmoV. `m doiobm AmnU [df` [H$dm
emIm ~XbVmo, `m ~Xbm`m dois gmYm
Owid`mgmR>s Amn`mbm H$mhs A[YH$ nwVH$mM

dmMZ Amd`H$ ~ZV. H$mhs gH$nZm nQ> hmoU

Amd`H$ AgV. Oa ho Ho$b Zmhs Va nwT>`m
Vw_`m boIZmV [H$dm [dMmamV C[Udm amhy
eH$VmV. gH$nZm nQ> hmoU ho gJ`mV _hdmM
AgV Ag _bm dmQ>V. Va Vo n[h`mXm _s Ho$b.
`m_`o EH$ nwVH$ Oo _bm [_imb, `mMm _s
AmdOyZ CoI H$aVmo, `mM Zmd "b[ZJ Qw>
[\$bmg\$mBP.' JV dmMZ Oa H$am`M Agob Va
Vd[MVZmH$So> Om`bm nm[hOo. "b[ZJ Qw>
[\$bmg\$mBP' Aes nwVH$ Amn`mH$So> ZmhsV.
`m_wio hmoV H$m`, H$s EImX nwVH$ dmMb Var
Amn`mbm dmQ>V, H$m` N>mZ nwVH$ Amho. H$m`
N>mZ Amho ho Amn`mbm gmJVm `oV Zmhs. Value
Judgement hUOo
MmJb Am[U dmBQ>
`mnbsH$So> Amn`mbm gmJVm `oV Zmhs. hUyZM
"b[ZJ Qw> [\$bmg\$mBP'gmaI nwVH$ _amR>sV `oU
Amd`H$ Amho.
Xwg`m EH$m nwVH$mZ _m`m Am`w`mbm doJi
diU [Xb `m nwVH$mM Zmd hmoV "n[ag \$eg.'
bo[IHo$M Zmd Amho, hbar Q>sb. `m bo[IHo$Z
nmMeo dfm`m H$nS>m`m \$mg_YyZ \$mgMm
nmMeo dfmMm gmH$[VH$ B[Vhmg [b[hbm Amho.
_bm hs H$nZmM \$ma _hdmMs dmQ>bs H$s,
H$nS>m`m \$eg OgOem ~Xb`m, `m
~Xbm`m gmmZ gd amQ>mMm gmH$[VH$ B[Vhmg
[b[hU. `mM doiobm AmUIr EH$ nwVH$ _m`m
dmMZmV Amb Am[U Vo hmoV A[bgZ `yar `mM "X
bdoO Am\$ bmoXO.' "H$nS>mMs ^mfm!' hUOo
Amn`mg_moa Os `$s `oVo Vs dV: Vm|S>
CKS>`mnydu ~aM H$mhs gmJyZ OmVo. `mM doJi
"gm`g' ~Zb Amho AmVm gs[_`mbmOs [VH$mMs ^mfm. hs nwVH$ dmM`mZVa
B[VhmgmMs Os H$nZm _m`m _ZmV hmoVs, Vs
~XbV ~XbV gm_m[OH$ B[VhmgmH$So> W_ Am[U
`mZVa gmH$[VH$ B[VhmgmH$So> Jobs. gmH$[VH$
[df`mdaMs nwVH$ _s Oohm emoYV Jobmo, `m
doiobm [H$Vs H$maMs nwVH$ _bm gmnS>mdsV [hQ>s Am\$ emg, [hQ>s Am\$ AS>hQ>m`[PJ,
[hQ>s Am\$ nog, [hQ>s Am\$ Q>mBP, [hQ>s Am\$
Q>s, [hQ>s Am\$ \$[ZMa, [hQ>s Am\$ _Zg... Agm
[Z` Zdm gmH$[VH$ {Q>H$moZ XoUma XmbZ
_m`mg_moa C^ am[hb. `mVyZM "OZ-_Z' hUyZ
JWmMm O_ Pmbm. Jobs OdiOdi nYam df} _s
`m gmH$[VH$ B[VhmgmMs nwVH$ Jmoim H$aV
am[hbmo, dmMV am[hbmo. Am[U Wm[ZH$ B[Vhmg Vo
gmH$[VH$ B[Vhmg Agm _m`m dmMZmMm dmg
Pmbm. Amnhs _s gmH$[VH$ B[VhmgmdaM dmMZ
H$aV Amho.B[VhmgmV`m XmoZ gH$nZmZs _bm

Ajae: OmJ Ho$b. `m Xmohs gH$nZm _s

Amn`mg_moa _mS>Vmo. Jm_Ms Zmdm`m BQ>m[b`Z
Vd[MVH$mZ EH$ [dMma _mS>bm, Omo nwTo> H$m[VH$mar
R>abm. `mZ nman[aH$ nVsV B[Vhmg-boIZ
H$aUm`mZm Ag hQ>b H$s, Oo amQ>nwf AmhoV
`mM Vw[VnR>U H$aUma boIZ H$aU [H$dm
gZmd`m XoU hs Vw_`m B[Vhmg boIZmMs
gH$nZm Amho. nU VimJmimV`m bmoH$mZm `m
H$mis g_mOmV H$m` WmZ hmoV `mMm H$moUs
B[VhmgmV CoI H$aV Zmhs. CXmhaUmW, [edmOs
_hmamO `m JS>md$Z `m JS>mda MT>mB H$aV hmoVo,
Vohm _hmamQ>mVbm eoVH$ar H$m` noaV hmoVm, Hw$R>bs
[nH$ KoV hmoVm, `m dois H$m_Jma dJ hmoVm H$s
Zmhs, CnmXZ H$moUVs hmoVs, `m doiM ImOsdZ
H$em H$maM hmoV,- Z`m gH$nZobm Zmd [Xb,
Subultern history. Jm_Ms`mM gH$nZoVyZ nwT>
[Z_mU Pmbobs gH$nZm hUOo History from
below. X[bV dmL>_` `m AWmZ - Literature
from below.
hs History from below
gH$nZm BJOs_`o Obs. `m History from
below M AmH$fU dmQy>Z _s OZ Am[U _hmOZ `m
XmoKmg~Ys _m[hVs Jmoim H$aV am[hbmo.
Jm_Ms`m nwT> OmUmam EH$ [dMma \o$M
B[VhmgH$mamZs _mS>bm. \$ZmS> ~mSo>b `m
B[VhmgH$mamZ `oH$s 20 dfm`m H$mbIS>mZVa
VsZ IS> [b[hbo. Vmo `m VdUmbsMm hmoVm,
B[Vhmg-boIZ nanaobm \o$M_`o "AZ[bg Hy$b'
hUVmV. H$maU _mH$ bmI Am[U `y[g`Z \$m~
`m XmoKmZs Annales ZmdmM [Z`VH$m[bH$ gw$
Ho$b Am[U `mVyZ Amnbs "gdmJsU B[Vhmgm'Ms
(History in Totality) gH$nZm am~dm`bm
gwdmV Ho$bs hmoVs. \$ZmS> ~mSo>b hm `mMm [e`.
Va AZ[bg Hy$bM hUU hmoV H$s gd ~mOyZs
gdmJmZs B[Vhmg nmhm`bm nm[hOo. gm_m`mnmgyZ
A[^OZmn`V Vmo B[Vhmg AmUbm nm[hOo. eoVH$ar
H$m` H$aV hmoVm, bmoH$m`m Im`m`m gd`s H$m`
hmo`m, d`nmH$mgmR>s ^mS>s H$em H$maMs dmnabs
OmV, Vo H$nSo> H$m` KmbV hmoVo, ho Oo gd [df`
nydu`m B[VhmgH$mamZm `m` dmQ>V hmoVo. AmVm
hiyhiy ho [df` B[VhmgH$mamZm AmdSy> bmJbo
AmhoV. EH$m AWmZ B[Vhmg hm g_mOemmV
$nmV[aV hmoD$ bmJbm, hohs [VVH$M Ia.
_s BW \$$ BJOs nwVH$mMoM gX^ [Xbo
`m~b _m\$s _mJVmo. nU _bm EdT>M gmJm`M
Amho H$s, _s BJOs [eH$bmo `mM AmO _bm ~a
dmQ>V. H$maU `m_wioM _bm hm EdT>m _moR>m
I[OZm [Xgbm, O_dVm Ambm. AOyZ `mVbs
H$mhs nwVH$ dmMm`Ms AmhoV. H$mhs Z`mZ

dmMm`Ms AmhoV. BVa `wamons` ^mfmVbs nwVH$

BJOsV AmU`mMm _moR>m CmoJ Amho. `m_wio
BJOs JWm`m gmmZ OmJ[VH$ dmL>_`mMs
AmoiI hmoD$ eH$Vo. [ZdmsZVaM ho "b[ZJ"
Amho.
[db S>wamQ>`m Pleasures of Philosophy
m nwVH$mVbm EH$ gX^ _s eodQ>s XoUma Amho. `m
JWmV`m EH$m H$aUmV `mZs AdZV, ^Q>
bmoH$emhsM dUZ Ho$b Amho. Vo hUVmV:
Democracy without education means
hypocrisy without limitation. It means the
degradation of statesmanship into politics.
It means the expensive maintenance, in
addition to the real ruling class, of a large
parasitic class of politicians whose function
it is to serve the rulers and deceive the
ruled.
The last stage of the matter is gangmen
rule. Criminals flourish happily in our larger cities because they are guaranteed the
full protection of the law. If they belong to
the organisation or have friends in it, they
have every assurance that if they commit a
crime they will not be arrested; that if
arrested, they will not be convicted; that if
convicted, they will not be sent to jail; that
if jailed, they will be pardoned; that if
unpardoned, they will be permitted to
escape. If, in the practice of their profession, they should be killed, they will be
buried with grandeur and ceremony due to
a member of the rulling class and memorial tablets will be erected in their honour.
This is the denoument of the municipal
democracy.

AmO`m Amn`m n[a{WVsM VVmoVV dUZ

[db S>waQ>Z 1929 gmbsM H$$Z Ro>db Amho.
_s BJOsV [g Pmbob dmL>_` dmMy eH$bmo
ZgVmo, Va Aem ``H$mar dUZmMm AmdmX _bm
H$gm KoVm Ambm AgVm?
(16 Zmoh|~a 96 amoOs "dmMZgH$Vs' `m
[df`mda _w~B`m ^ynoe Jwm ^dZmV [Xbo`m
`mImZmVsb H$mhs ^mJ. "Aja[ZR>mMs
_m[X`mis' `m amohZ H$meZm`m nwVH$mV _yi
^mfU Ogo`m Vgo Xo`mV Ambo AgyZ [OkmgyZs Vo
Ad` [_idyZ dmMmdo.)
gnH$ : aroontikekar@gmail.com

o 2011

11

`mnH$ OrdZXeZ...
J

Wgma `moV`m XmoZ AmR>dUs _ZmV

H$mo$Z ~g`m AmhoV. `moVsb
~mdsg gsQ>a ~g Am[U ZD$ gsQ>a Q|>nmo
H$amS>hyZ gmVm`mbm `oV hmoVo. Vmgm-XsS> VmgmMm
dmg. H$ds Zmam`U gwd} ~g_Y`m
gm[h{`H$m~amo~a Om`mEodOs Q|>nmoV`m
H$m`H$`m~amo~a Jnm _maV nwTo> [ZKmbo. S>m`haZo
H$mhs JbVs Ho$bs hUm H$s A` H$mhs H$maUmZo
Q>[\$H$ nmo[bgmZs Q|>nmo AS>dbm. S>m`ha CVabm,
nmo[bgmH$So> Jobm, J`md`m H$$ bmJbm. nmobsg
H$mhs nQo>ZmV, Vohm H$m`H$V} CVabo, `mZs nwTo>
hmoD$Z gm[JVbo, H$s AmV Zmam`U gwd} AmhoV. Vo
eX Xya AVamda C`m Agbo`m nmobsg
[ZarjH$m`m H$mZmV [eabo, Vmo YmdVM nwTo>
Ambm. Q|>nmoV MT>bm. `mZo gwd} `mZm g_mZmZo
Imbs CVadyZ KoVbo. `mMo Am[V` Ho$bo.
nmo[bgmMm ZyaM nmbQ>bm. gwd} gdmesM gai,
gmYonUmZo, AmnwbH$sZo ~mobV Am[U `m_wio
bmoH$mMs _Zo [OH$V. _J Vo nmobsg [ZarjH$ gwd}
`m`m~amo~a Jnm _maV Am_`m~amo~a ~gZo
gmVm`mbm [ZKmbo.
`moJ Agm H$s, AmUIs dsg-nMdsg [_[ZQ>mZs
Q|>nmo nwhm AS>dbm Jobm, nU AmVm VoWo nmobsg
ZhVo Va JmdH$ar a`mda `oD$Z C^o hmoVo. `mZm
gm[h{`H$mZm nmhm`Mo hmoVo - nwVHo$ `m`Ms
hmoVs. Am_Mo H$m`H$V} d JmdH$ar `mMm Vmo JbH$m
emV hmoVmo` Vmon`V Am_Ms ~g _mJyZ `oD$Z VoWo
WS>H$bs. ~g_`o X`m ndma, AU gmYy, Hw$_ma
Ho$VH$a, AZV ^mdo, _wYm [MQ>Usg Ago gmao hmoVo.
gdOU Imbs CVabo. nwVH$mMs [dH$s \$ma
ZhVs, nU Cgmh, AJ`, H$mVwH$ \$ma hmoVo.
VemV EH$ IoSyV [~MH$V [~MH$V nwTo> Ambm.
`m`m hmVmV KS>m KmVbo`m ZmoQ>m hmo`m. Vmo
`m nwTo> H$am`bm gH$moMV hmoVm. Am_`mnH$s
H$moUsVar `mbm _`o IoMbo. `mbm H$m` hdo
Aes dmadma [dMmaUm Ho$bs. Vohm `mZo ~wOV
~wOV gm[JVbo, H$s `m`mOdi gmV n`o AmhoV
Am[U X`m ndmaMo "~bwV' `mbm hdo Amho. `mMs
[H$_V ZD$ n`o Amho. X`mZo nwTo> hmoD$Z "~bwV'Ms
V ghs H$$Z `m`m hmVmV Ro>dbs. Vmo Y`
Pmbm hmoVm. nU `m`mnojmhs Amhm gdmZm `m
gJmZo ^$Z Ambo hmoVo. `mMs nwVH$m~bMs
AmoT> Am[U gH$moM, Xmohs JwU _ZmV R>gyZ Jobo
AmhoV. gdgm_m` _mUgmMo Ago CH$Q> XeZ `m

12 OyZ-Owb 2011

`moV dmadma Pmbo.

Xwgam gJ ~meuMm. gmobmnya-nT>anyaC_mZm~mX Aem `m n>mV Am_`m ~amo~a dgV
g~Zsg, [d.Am. ~wdm, eH$a gmaS>m Ago
gm[h{`H$ hmoVo. g~Zsg-~wdm `mM XoemVbo.
~meubm gH$misM nmoMbmo hmoVmo. H$m`H$_
g`mH$mis hmoVm. JW XeZ _mSy>Z Pmbo hmoVo. EH$
~M nwTo> ~sS>-A~mOmoJmBH$So> admZmhs Pmbs hmoVs.
_`o doi hmoVm, Va ~meu`m dmMZmb`mV OmD$
Ago R>abo. dmMZmb`mV gm[h{`H$mMo dmJV
g_mZmZo Pmbo. JWnmbmZs JWgnXm XmIdbs. hs

[XZH$a JmJb
JmoQ> [S>g|~a 1982 Ms. JWnmbmZs _J hiyM
dgV g~Zsg `mMo OwZo-1956 gmbMo EH$ nwVH$
H$mTy>Z XmIdbo. g~Zsg haIyZ Jobo. gdmZmM
AmZX Pmbm. gmaS>m hUmbo, "g~Zsg' `m
nwVH$mda ghs H$am. 2056 gmbs EImXm dmMH$
`oD$Z Vo nwVH$ CKSo>b Vohm hUob,"e^a
dfmnyduM, boIH$m`m ghsM nwVH$ Amho!' gmaS>m
`mMm S>m`w_|Qo>eZMm hm gog O~aXV Amho, nU
`m`m `m H$nZoVsb e`Vm OmUdyZ gdmZmM
hfm}hmg dmQ>bm.
gm[h`mMo gZmVZd, [MaVZd Amn`m _Zs

[H$Vs [^S>bo Amho, `mMmM Vmo XmIbm hmoVm.

^maVm`m ^y_sVsb dmL>_`nanam Amho XoIsb
_moR>s. Vs nma am_m`U-_hm^maVmnmgyZ gw$ hmoVo,
nMVmgma`m H$mam_YyZ Am[U Jo`m XmoZ
eVH$mVsb [d[dY AmYw[ZH$ gm[h`H$mam_YyZ
Amn`mn`V,
[d_mZ-[OdV-gw[e[jV
_mUgmn`V `oD$Z nmoMVo. Ym[_H$-Am`m{_H$
gm[h`mMm, gVgm[h`mMm ~mOM doJim. `mVsb
na_mW Amn`m ^m[VH$ Am[U bm[H$H$ OsdZmes
[dgJV dmQ>bm. Var `mZo `oWsb _mZds OsdZmbm
_moRo> A[YR>mZ [Xbo Amho.
gm[h` N>mnsb nwVH$$nmZo Amn`mH$So>
AdVabo Vo XmoZeo dfmnydu. `mAmYs Vo
ldUnanaoVyZ, H$Wm- H$sVZmVyZ, hV[b[IVm`m
Vt_YyZ gV hmoV hmoVo, naVw gm[h`mbm
OZ_m`_mMo d$n Ambo Vo N>nmB gw$
Pm`mZVa. `wamonmV Vo nmMeo dfmnydu KS>boOohm O_ZsV JQo>Z~JZo N>mn`mMo ` emoYyZ
H$mT>bo Am[U `mda n[hbm Z_wZm hUyZ `wamonmVsb
~m`~b`m hOmamo Vs CnbY H$$Z [X`m.
`mVyZ mQo>Q>Q> hm H$m[VH$maH$ Zdm Y_nW CX`mbm
Ambm Am[U "[aZogmg'bm MmbZm [_imbs. EH$
H$mao, _mZds OsdZmbm Zdm AW [_imbm, Zdo
diU bm^bo. Jo`m eVH$m-XmoZ eVH$mV
gm[h`mMo $n _mhsV Amho Vo Ago. `m_wio Va

"Vbdmarnojm boIUs A[YH$ g_W' Aem

Ame`mMs [dYmZo V`ma Pmbs. [H$dm Zonmo[b`ZMm
H$[WV [H$gm [g Amho. Vmo hUVmo H$s eyMo
EH$ hOma g[ZH$ ~XwH$m KoD$Z g_moa Ambo Var
`mMm [Z:nmV H$$ eHo$Z, nU Vmo VsZ boIH$ gnmXH$mZm KoD$Z Ambm Va _s Z$s Zm_mohaU
hmoBZ!
boIZ-_wU-dmMZ `dhmamZo OJmVsb Jobs
nmMeo df} Ho$di nwZsV Zho Va [dMmad^dmZo
g_ Pmbobs AmhoV. _mZds gH$VsV EdT>m
dMm[aH$ dmagm JsH$-amo_Z gH$Vs`m Am[U
d[XH$ gH$Vs`m H$mimVM [Z_mU Pmbobm
[XgVmo. boIZ-_wU-dmMZ hs _mUgmbm
bm^bobs Anyd XoUJs Amho. `m_wio kmZdVmMs
[_amg gnwQ>mV Ambs Am[U gdgm_m` _mUyg
gj_ ~Zbm. `m_wioM \o$M am`H$mVs KS>bs,
A_o[aHo$VyZ BJOmMs gmm ZQ> Pmbs Am[U dV
gmd^m_ `wZm`Qo>S> Qo>Q>g [Z_mU Pmbo. Oo\$agZ[bH$Z `mZs Omo dmagm [Z_mU Ho$bm `mbm VmoS>
Zmhs. A_o[aHo$Ms e$s XmoZ H$maUmZs C^s am[hbs
Ago gm[JVbo OmVo.EH$Va `mZs Ama^H$mimVM
XmoZeo dfmnydu Xoe^a JWmb`mMo Omio [Z_mU Ho$bo
Am[U Xwgao hUOo Jo`m eVH$m`m _`mbm Xoe^a
_hm_mJmMo Omio [dUbo.
`wamon-A_o[aHo$Vsb dMm[aH$ H$mVsnmgyZ \w$aU
KoD$Z Om^oH$a-\w$bo [Q>iH$-amZSo>-JmoIbo Vo
Am~oS>H$a `m gdmZs gdmeo dfmV
(EH$mo[Ugm`m-[dgm`m eVH$m`m) ^maVmV,
[deofV: _hmamQ>mV Oo OmJaU KS>dbo `mMm
AmYma _w[V eX hmM hmoVm. `m_wio g_mOmbm
oaUm [_iV Jobs Am[U gKQ>Z d AmXmobZ C^o
am[hbo `mbmM _hmamQ>mVsb ~moYZH$mi Ago
hUVmV.
Am_OZVon`V hm ~moY nmoMm`Mm Va _hdmMs
AS>MU hmoVs-Vs [ZajaVoMs. Xoembm dmV`
bm^`mZo Vs Xya Pmbs. [ejU gd ngabo.
`m`m KamKamV hOmamo dfmV [ejU [eabo
ZhVo, VoWsb VU [eHy$ bmJbo- H$mboOmn`V
nmoMbo. Aem nXdsYamMs n[hbs [nT>s 1960 `m
Amgnmg Ambs. dmV`mZVa doJdoJ`m
Om[Udmhs OmJV Pm`m. g_mOmg_moa g_`m,
AS>MUs, Z `m~m~V [d[dY VhmZs Ib gw
Pmbm. `m`m [ZdmaUmgmR>s VesM [d[dY
Cnm``moOZm. `mV nwhm OmUsdOmJVsMm ^mJ.
`m_YyZ [d[dY dmQ>m [Xgy bmJ`m. `mVbo H$mhs
_mJ AmXmobZmMo, MiditMo, gKfmMo hmoVo, Va
H$mhs [dYm`H$VoMo , g_d`mMo, gdmXmMo. Agm Vmo
OmJV AdWVoMm H$mi hmoVm. IamoIarM, 1960

ZVaMs nMdsg-Vsg df} YJYJVs,

g_mOOmJVsMs hmoVs. Am_`m hmVs `mH$aVm
h`ma hmoVo Vo N>mnsb eXmMo.
JWmbs dmMH$ MidisMm O_ Aem AdW
dmVmdaUmV Pmbm. OwZmQ>nUmMs H$m|S>s \$moS>m`bm
_Zo ZdsZ AmYw[ZH$ KS>dUo JaOoMo hmoVo. g_mO
Zdm KS>V hmoVm, Ow`m MmH$Q>s ^oXm``m hmo`m.
g_mOmVJV `m gd KS>m_moS>s KS>V hmo`m, nU
`mZm _m`_ ZhVo. Vo _m`_hs g_mOmZoM [Z_mU
Ho$bo. "JWmbs'Mm O_ Agm C\y$V KSy>Z Ambm.
`m_wio g_mOmVyZ [VgmX VgmM [_iV Jobm.
"JWmbs' hUOoM Amhs gd H$m`H$V}, ho g_mOmZo
[Z_mU Ho$bobo d g_mOm`m hmVmVbo gmYZ
AmhmoV AesM Amhm gdmMs ^y[_H$m hmoVs. ZVa
`m Midis_YyZ EH$ Wm`s gWm [Z_mU Pmbs
Amho. [VMs C[Qo> VsM AmhoV. Zdo, VU [nT>sMo
Q>Q>s ~moS> [d_mZ "JWmbs'Mm H$ma^ma nmhV
Amho.
WmoSo> _mJo diyZ nwhm [ZdoXZ H$amd`mMo Va
gma-nMmhmaMm H$mi AmR>dmdm bmJob. {`m,
H$m_Jma, eoVH$ar, X[bV Ago Cno[jV dJ
MT>mB`m n[d`mV hmoVo. `mZm dV:M A{Vd,
`m`m `m` h$mMs OmUsd
Pmbs hmoVs.
`m_YyZ gm_m[OH$ Am[U `{$JV nmVisda
hwH$ma C_Q>V hmoVo. "JWmbs'Zo `m`m
`$sH$aUmgmR>s `mgnsR> CnbY H$$Z [Xbo.
`mgmR>s nwVHo$, Ms ho _m[gH$ Am[U VhoVhoMo
gmH$[VH$ H$m`H$_ ho _m`_ hmoVo. H$m`H$_mMo
d$n AmO`m "Bh|Q>'gmaIo Ago, nU
AmO`mgmaIo `mMo `mnmar d$n ZhVo. `oH$
H$m`H$_mbm Coe Ago. Xa _[h`mbm Z`m
nwVH$m`m [Z[_mmZo MMm hmoV. `m_`o VU
A`mgH$ [Z~Y [bhyZ dmMZ H$aV. OsdZmMo Ago
EH$ AJ Zgob `mda "JWmbs'Zo MMm-n[agdmX
`moObm Zmhs Am[U _hmamQ>mV Aes EH$
bm[H$H$m `$s Zgob H$s Os "JWmbs'`m
`mgnsR>mda Ambs Zmhs. Amem ^mogbo `mMs
n[hbs H$Q> _wbmIV "JWmbs'Zo `moObs Am[U
Hw$_ma JYd `mMs gJsV [df`H$ gm`[jH$
`m`mZo W_ `moOUmar "JWmbs'M hmoVs. _s
"JWmbs', "JWmbs' Ago dmadma hUV Amho,
H$maU "JWmbs'Mo d$n Jm_g^ogmaIo hmoVo.
Jm_g^o_`o Ogo hOa amhUmar _mUgo [ZU`
H$aVmV d Vmo _m` hmoVmo. "JWmbs"V VgoM KSo>.
JmdmoJmd KSo>. [dH|$[V nXVsZo H$m`H$_ hmoV
Am[U `mMo g`moOH$, Aml`XmVm d bm^YmaH$
Ago gmao H$mhs dmMH$ AgV. "JWmbs" hs dmMH$
Midi IarM, Ama^mnmgyZM Amhs [VMo dUZ

A[^Zd dmMH$ Midi Ago Ho$bo, naVw `m gkoMm

AW Amhs _mS>bm. 1988 - 89 gmbs. `mdois
Amhs B[S>`Z E`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>sMo H$m`m`j
EH$ZmW R>mHy$a `m`m ghH$m`mZo VsZ [XdgmMs
dmMZ n[afX KoVbs. VoWo dmMZmMm OmhsaZm_m
H$Q> Ho$bm. dmMH$mMs `mIm hmoVs CgwH$[Okmgy _mUyg `mbm OJ OmUyZ `m`Mo Amho.
OJmVsb ~Xb g_OyZ `m`Mm Amho. _mUgmVsb
[dYm`H$Vm d gOH$Vm Omonmgm`Ms Amho.
Amhs 1982 gmb`m JWgma `mo_`o
Am_Ms ^y[_H$m Omhsa Ho$bs hmoVs, Vs "emoY Am[U
gdmX' Aes. _hmamQ>^a JWXeZ KoD$Z
PPmdmVs Xmam Ho$bm. `mM Xm`mrb XmoZ gJ
boIma^s Z_yX Ho$bo AmhoV.
nwhm Mma dfmZs JW_mohmoi ZmdmZo _hmamQ>^a
nmg [R>H$mUs EH$mM dois XeZo ^adbs.
EgQ>s`m AmR> ~g Am[U aodo`m XmoZ ~moJs `mZs
_hmamQ> T>dibm Jobm. Ago N>moQo>_moRo> Ajae:
Ag` `moJ nYam dfmV Ho$bo. `m `oH$
AmXmobZmMo VsH$ hmoVo "nwVH$'. "dmMm ao dmMm
nwVHo$ dmMm' Aem KmofUm XoV [dO` V|Sw>bH$a~m~mgmho~ nwaXao-Jmo.Zs. XmSo>H$a-[dXm H$aXsH$a
`m`mnmgyZ gmao gm[h{`H$-H$bmdV Vo
gdgm_m` dmMH$ _hmamQ> ^amV`m JmdmJmdm`m a`m a`md$Z [Z[_mm-[Z[_mmZo [\$aV
hmoVo.dmMZmMo _hd _hm_m \w$`mnmgyZ gdmZs
H$[Wbobo Amho. `{$_d KS>dUmao d g_
H$aUmao dmMZmgmaIo Xwgao gmYZ Zmhs. dmMZmZo
H$nZme$s MoVdbs OmVo Am[U _mUyg [dMma^mdZoZo n[abwV hmoVmo. dmMZ hm `$sZo `m`Mm
AZw^d Amho Ago dmMZmMo \$m`Xo gmJV, ObX
dmMZm`m [Q>g CbJSy>Z XmIdV dmMH$ Midi
\$mo\$mdV Jobs. `m EoZ H$mimV _hmamQ>mV ~msg
[R>H$mUs MidisMs H|$o hmoVs. `m_YyZ dmMZH$m`H$_mMo AmXmZXmZ hmoB, JmdmoJmd
dmMH$[XZmMo H$m`H$_ hmoV, Vem boIZoNw>`m
~R>H$m-MMm hmoV. `m_YyZ nwVHo$ [Z_mU hmoV
Jobs. Yw`mMo _wHw$X YmamesdH$a ho Am[H$Qo>Q>
Am[U `mMo XmoZ [_ `mZs [b[hbobs n$n
H$mX~ar Aem MMm_YyZ BVH$s gwYmabs Jobs H$s
[Vbm am` gaH$maMm dmL>_`sZ nwaH$ma bm^bm!
gdXoZesbVm, [Z[_[Vj_Vm, OmUsdOmJVs,
^mdZm[dH$ma, [dMmajmo^ Aem _Zm`m [d[dY
AmKmS>mda dmMZmMm gH$ma AgVmo. ~ws Am[U
_Z `mMo _oVHy$Q> O_Vo Vo dmMZm_YyZ. Amhs
emim-H$mboOm_YyZ XmIbm XoV Agy, H$s "EH$
KZXmQ> OJb hmoVo' Ago dm` d`mZo Cmabo Va
g_moa`m e^a lmo`mV e^a VhoMs OJbo V`ma

OyZ-Owb 2011

13

hmoVmV. `mMs _Zo-~ws `m [XeoZo Mmby bmJVmV.

Vo dm` N>mn`m d$nmV e^a dmMH$mZs `oH$s
Amn`mesM dmMbo Va Vo Amnmn`m H$nZo`m
gm_m`mV Sw>~yZ OmVmV. H$moUs A[YH$ [dMma d
_m[hVs O_m H$$ bmJVmo, H$moUs amo_[Q>H$ _yS>_`o
OmVmo, H$moUs ^`M[H$V hmoVmo, Va H$moUs dmZW
dsH$m$Z `mZmbm ~gVmo... Ajae: e^a Vhm.
`oH$mMs _Z~ws doJis. naVw, VoM OJb
[gZo_mV-Q>shsV nS>mda XmIdbo Va e^a
OUmMo EH$M OJb S>m`aoQ>a XmIdob Vo. hUyZ
gd _m`_mV _Z~ws KS>d`mgmR>s, gH$m[aV
H$a`mgmR>s dmMZmMs loR>Vm _mZVmV. "dmMZ' `m
Img [df`mda 1896 gmbMo eH$a dmdsH$a `mMo
nwVH$ Amho. Ago AU [Q>Ho$H$a gmJVmV.
dmMZmMs _hVs VohmnmgyZ _amR>sV gm[JVbs Jobs
Amho. `m nwVH$mVhs
m`mnH$ d [ejH$ dJ
dmMV Zg`mMs VH$ma
Amho. nw`mV EH$mo[Ugm`m
eVH$m`m
AIoa`m
XeH$mV JWmomoOH$ g^m
[Z_mU Pmbs. [VMm dgm
dmMZ-doS> dmT>mdo AgmM
Ag`mMo g^oMo A`j
Mm\o$H$a `mZs Z_yX H$Z
Ro>dbo Amho. dmMZ hs
ghOgmons JmoQ> Zmhs.
`mgmR>s W_ gmjagw[e[jV Agmdo bmJVo.
`mhyZ A[YH$ _hdmMo
hUOo kmZmogwH$ Agmdo
bmJVo.
H$moU`mhs
g_mOmV nmM-Xhm Q>$o
Ago bmoH$ Agy eH$VmV Am[U Vo dmMZdoS> OmJo
Ro>dVmV, dmMZgH$VsMo gJmonZ H$aVmV.
^maVmV dmMZmMm gH$ma AmUIs AdKS>,
`mMo H$maU `oWo XsK ldUnanam Amho Am[U `mg
Ym[_H$, ^m[dH$ d Am`m{_H$ g[MVmMm AmYma
Amho. `oWo Zm_OnmMo _mhm` Amho d `m_YyZ
^mdm[gs m hmoVo Agm g_O Amho. `m_wio
~m{H$VoMs, VH$mMs OmonmgZm Am[U g_
^mdOsdZmMs AmoT> hm Omo JW`dhmamMm _w` hoVy
VmoM `oWsb dmMH$mn`V nmoMdVmZm AS>MU `oVo.
Var 1970-1975 ZVaMs nYam-dsg df}
_hmamQ>mVbs [d[dY jomVbs CgwH$Vm [dbjU
[Q>nobm nmoMbs hmoVs. gdM Vo MiditMo [Xdg
hmoVo Am[U Ves dmMH$ Midihs [Z_mU Pmbs
hmoVs. "JWmbs'_Ysb Amhm H$m`H$`mZm

14 OyZ-Owb 2011

`m~m~V `WmW OmUsd hmoVs. EgEZS>sQ>s`m

nX`wma _amR>s [d^mJmV _s ^mfU Xo`mg Jobmo
hmoVmo. m`mnH$mgmR>s [a\o$ea H$mog hmoVm. _s dUZ
Ho$bo _hmamQ>mMs gmV H$moQ>s OZVm nwVHo$ KoD$Z
dmMy bmJbs Ago dZ nmhmV Amhs 75 gmbs hm
CnH$_ gw$ Ho$bm, naVw AmVm Am_`m `mZs Ambo
Amho, H$s nwVH$mMo OZ_m`_ hUyZ d$n Am[U
nwVH$mMo A[^OmV d$n `m_`o \$aH$ Ho$bm
nm[hOo. `m H$mimV `m OZ_m`_mMs JaO hmoVs,
`m H$mis dmVmdaU Vgo hmoVo, Vohm nwVH$ hs
na__hdmMs dVy _mZbs Jobs, nwVH$mZo Vmo H$mi
^mabm Jobm.
H$mi nmbQ>bm, nwVH$ Amn`m OmJoda Ambo
Amho. AmO`m H$mbmZw$n Vo AZoH$ _m`_m_Ysb
EH$ _m`_ ~Zbo Amho. XwXdmZo, `mMo A[^OmV

d$n Amn`mH$So> hdo Vgo Jo`m XmoZ eVH$mV

[dH$[gV Pmbobo Zmhs. _w~B [dmnsR> 1850
gmbs gw$ Pmbo Voohm XmoZ dfmVM VoWsb _amR>s
^mfm[d^mJ ~X H$amdm bmJbm, H$maU _amR>sV
A`mgmgmR>s MmJbo gm[h` Zmhs! `mZVa _amR>s
^mfobm, ^mfm `dhmambm [eVsMo diU
bmd`mgmR>s `oWo [~[Q>e gmm am~d`mgmR>s
Ambo`m H$S>s, _mogdW dJao BJOs A[YH$m`mZs
`Z Ho$bo. `m_YyZ Jo`m e^a-gdmeo dfmMm
_amR>s dmL>_` `dhma [g Pmbm d [gs
nmdbm. AmnQo>-ImSo>H$a-\$S>Ho$-Ao-n|S>goJmS>Jsi-V|Sw>bH$a-^mD$ nm`o-Hw$gw_mJOH$aXsH$a-gwd} Aes _moR>s nanam V`ma Pmbs.
`mnwT>sb Zmdo KoVbs ZmhsV. VodT>m [Z:eH$VoZo Vs
Z_yX H$aVm `oVsb H$s, ZmhsV? Aes eH$m _ZmV

Ambs. `m H$mimV OsdZ VodTo> ghOgmono

g_O`mgmaIo am[hbobo Zmhs. JwVmJwV \$ma dmT>bs
Amho. `m[_lVm, [Z[~S>Vm `m gkm g_sjoV
H$i`mOmo`m Ag`m Var OsdZmV g_moa `oVmV
Vohm `mMo AmH$bZ d nQ>sH$aU _wH$sb hmoD$Z
OmVo. AemM Q>`mda gm[h` `dhma AS>bm
Agmdm. OsdZ V[dkmZmZo Jmgbo Amho. _w[V
gm[h`mnwT>`m OZ_m`_mZs _mUgm`m
_Z~wsda nJS>m ~gdbm Amho. `mMm EHy$U OZ
_mZ[gH$Voda doJdoJim n[aUm_ KS>V Amho.
OsdZmbm JVs Va Aes Ambs Amho, H$s Vo gmao
_moO_mn H$am`bm CgV Zmhs. OJUo hmM CmoJ
hmoD$Z ~gbm Amho. `mV gm[h`-H$bogmR>s doi
H$moRy>Z H$mT>m`Mm? Os _mUgo gm[h` H$bm`hmamV JwVbs AmhoV, `m`mgmR>s VoM "_mH}$Q>'
~Zbo Amho. gaH$mamMm,
YZnVtMm nm[R>~m-nwaH$ma
Amho, naVw bmoH$ml` Amho H$m?
"Bh|Q>'- hUyZ, H$a_UyH$
hUyZ bmoH$mZs JXu Ho$bs Var
bmoH$mMo _Z `mV Amho H$m? Va
Am_ OZm_`o AmoT> doJisM
H$gbs Var [XgVo. Vs H$emMs
`mMm emoY g`m gd
nmV`mda Mmby Amho.
Am_OZm`m EH$m [d^mJmV
nwVH$mMs,
N>mnsb
eX_m`_mMs H$mg Amho. Vmo
[d^mJ nwVH$mV a_yZ OmV
Amho, nU `mbm Vgo dmMm`bm
dmL>_` [_iV Amho H$m?
_amR>sV nwhm EH$Xm OsdZmMm
gImob doY KoD$ nmhUm`m
H$Wm-H$mX~`mMs, H$[dVoMs dmZdm dmQ>Vo.
dmMH$mbm M[a-Am_M[amV H$mhs _mUmV
[Xbmgm [_iV Amho. nU `mhyZ `mbm A[YH$
AmH$fU Amho Vo ^mfmV[aV gm[h`mMo. Vo XmbZ
AZoH$ H$meH$m`m nwVH$mZs ^$Z Mmbbo Amho.
mMm AW _amR>s dmMH$ AmVm gHw$[MV _amR>s
OsdZXeZmV g_mYmZ nmdV Zmhs, `mbm AmH$fU
Amho A[YH$ _moR>m _mZdXeZmMo. hUOo _amR>s
dmMH$mZo dmMZgmonmZm`m nwT>sb nm`arda nmD$b
Q>mH$bo Amho. `m`m _Z~ws`m `m CH$mVsV
"JWmbs'Zo EH$m Q>`mda H$mhs H$m_[Jar ~Omdbs,
BVHo$M !
gnH$ : 9867118517
B-ob: thinkm2010 @gmail.com

_hmZ H$bmH$VtM XeZ

VV dmMV AgyZhs AmnU H$mhs

dmMbob Zmhs, Ag gmJUmar _mUg
AgVmV, Vg \$ma WmoS> dmMyZ AmnU
Iyn dmMbob Amho, Agm Am^mg [Z_mU H$aUmar
_mUghs ^oQ>VmV. naVw A[Ve` [dZ`mZ,
Amn`mda H$moUH$moU`m JWmMm ^md nS>bm,
H$gm nS>bm ho Oohm H$mhs _mUg [VnmXZ H$aVmV,
Vohm `m`mVsb JWo_ Am[U AmH$bZ
Amn`mbm ^mamdyZ Q>mH$V. `mMs JWmH$So>
nmh`mMs Q>shs VrV hmoVo. `m AZwfJmZo
[H$VsVar gX^ kmV hmoVmV, hs EH$ H$mao AnydmBM
AgVo.
_s Aem KamVyZ Ambmo Amho OoWo [Xdmgwm
ZhVm. JW Va _J XyaM. A`mgH$_mMs
nwVH$gwm KoVm `oV ZhVs Aem dmVmdaUmVyZ _s
Ambmo Amho. nU dmMZmMs AmdS> [Z_mU Ho$bs
Vs JwOZmZs. `mZs nwVH$ mdsV Am[U
dmM`mZVa, H$m` Amho `m nwVH$mV Ag
[dMmamd hm EH$ ^mdM hmoVm. _J, Os nwVH$
hmVs `oVsb Vs dmMU Am[U _J Amn`m
_JXwam_mU nwVH$mV H$m` Amho ho gmJU hm
n[anmR>M Pmbm. `mVyZM H$moUVs nwVH$ dmMmdsV
ho H$im`bm bmJm. _bm AmR>dV "`m_Ms AmB'
dmM hUyZ gamZs gm[JVb hmoV. Vo A[Ve` ^mdyH$
hmoD$Z. H$H$ gJ dmMyZ AmnU gXJ[XV
Pm`mMhs `mZs gm[JVb hmoV. _s dmMbo. nU,
_bm Hw$R>M J[hda`mgmaI Pmb Zmhs. _s gamZm
hUmbmo hmoVmo H$s, ga Am_`m Am`mMs Xw:I Va
Iyn AmhoV. `m_`m AmBnojmhs OmV AmhoV.
hmo, hmo, hUyZ gamZs _m`m nmR>sda hmV Ro>dbm
hmoVm, Vo AOyZ AmR>dV.
d` dmT>`mZVa I`m AWmZ _m`mda ^md
nS>bm Vmo S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a `m`m nmMm.
`mVsb boImMm. nU `mM dois h[a^mD$ AmnQo>
`m`m H$mX~`m, Omo[Vamd \w$bo `mMo JW,
AmJaH$amMo dMm[aH$ boIZ; bmoH$[hVdmXs
dmM`mMs BN>m ~imdbs Am[U dmMV Jobmo.
J.`. _mS>ImobH$amZs
mM
H$mimV
[MniyUH$amMs "[Z~Y_mbm' [Xbs hmoVs Am[U
H$miOsnydH$ dmMm`bm gm[JVbo hmoVo Am[U ZVa
`mZs AZoH$ Zhs [dMmabo hmoVo. [MniyUH$amMs
gH$VMwa ^mfm MQ>H$Z H$iV Zmhs Aes _s
H$~wbshs [Xbs hmoVs. WmoS>\$ma \w$bo - Am~oS>H$a
dmMbobo Ag`m_wio [dUw-H$U [MniyUH$amMo

[dMma `m doishs ^mds dmQ>bo ZmhsV. CbQ>

Iyngo [VJm_s dmQ>bo hmoVo. EH$mo[Ugm`m
eVH$mVsb dMm[aH$ dmL>_` dmMVmZm Vmo H$mi,
`m H$mimVsb gm_m[OH$, gm[h{`H$ Am[U
gmH$[VH$ dmVd Iyng g_OyZ KoVm Amb.
kmZm`m jomV AhH$ma `W AgVmo. hUyZ
Z_nUmZM JWm`m Hw$esV [eab nm[hOo ho _bm
S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$am`m JWmZs [eH$db.
"AZm[hboeZ Am\$ H$mQ>g' `m ~m~mgmho~m`m
JWmMm ^md _m`m _Zmda H$m`_ Amho.
Om[V`dWoM BVH$ _yb^yV [MVZ $[MVM

JJmYa nmZVmdUo
dmMm`bm [_iV. OmV hs OmUsd H$es OmJV
AgVo d Vs gm_m[OH$ d amQ>s` ^mdZobm H$es
_maH$ R>aVo `mMs gwgy _mS>Us ~m~mgmho~mZs
Ho$bs Amho. "Om[V[dhsZ g_mOm'Ms H$nZm
^maVmVsb H$moUm g_mOemkmZo _mS>bs Agob,

Ag _bm dmQ>V Zmhs. hUyZM hUmdg dmQ>V

H$s, H$mhs nwVH$ Amn`mes gVV gdmX H$arV
AgVmV. [dMma H$am`bm dm H$aVmV. `mVb
ho Zmo~ob nm[aVmo[fH$ Z [_imbob nwVH$. ^maVs`
g_mO`dWoM XmhH$ dmVd _mS>VmZm
~m~mgmho~mZs A[^[Zdoembm Hw$Ro>hs Wmam [Xbm
Zmhs. [Zb}nnUo [MVZ hUyZM, nR>g`oZ
bhmZ, nU [dMmamZs _hmZ Agbo`m `m JWmMm

^md dmJ[dVmZmhs _bm gmWH$ dmQ>V. `mM

dois S>mo`mnwT> AmUIs EH$ nwVH$ gVV C^
amhV. OmO Amd}bM "A[Z_b \$m_'.
bmoH$emhtM Ho$dT> [dXmaH$ XeZ Amd}bZ KS>db
Amho! Amnamo[YH$VoZ [dMma _mS>U Ho$dT> AdKS>
AgV! mUs gQ>sMm $nH$m_H$ Cn`moJ H$$Z
`mZs _mUgm`m dms-dmsM XeZ H$g KS>db
Agob `mMm [H$VsVar df} _s [dMma H$arV hmoVmo.
`m`m ^mfoZ Am[U [VnmXZmZ _s PnmQy>Z Jobmo
hmoVmo.
^JdVsMaU d_m ho [hXsVb _moR> Zmd. 1955
gmbMs JmoQ>. JWmb`mV EH$ nwVH$ AMmZH$
_m`m hmVs bmJb. d_mM Vo nwVH$. "IyZ Ho$ N>sQo>
B[Vhmg Ho$ nm|na'. nwVH$mM esfH$ nmhyZ _s
H$mhsgm AM[~V Pmbmo. H$m` [dbjU nwVH$!
dU`dWm Am[U g_mO-`dWo~b BVH$
dVw[ZR> ^m` H$aUma nwVH$ dmMyZ _s [dbjU
^mamdbmo. b[bV AJmZ dU Am[U
g_mO`dWoMm hOmamo dfmMm B[Vhmg boIH$mZ
H$gm CbJSy>Z XmI[dbm Amho, Vmohs `oH$
dUnwfm`m _wImVyZ! ebs AZmoIs. [IidyZ
Ro>dUmar. H$miOmbm hmV KmbUmar. H$Yshs
[dgaVm Z `oUma ho nwVH$! `mM H$mimV .am.
Xoe_wI m`m "qgYy gH$Vs, [hXy gH$Vs Am[U
F$doX' `m JWmZ _s PnmQy>Z Jobmo hmoVmo.
`dV_migma`m EH$m Xya`m Jmds d[H$bs
H$aUmam hm _mUyg! nU, [gYy gH$Vs Am[U
[gYs [bns AWH$ n[al_mZ CbJSy>Z XmI[dUmam
hm _hmn[S>V ^mfmemkhs hmoVm. `mMs ^oQ>
hUOo kmZmMm CgdM Ago. O_Zs -\$mg_YyZ
^mfmemk `m`m ^oQ>sbm `oV. [gYy gH$Vs
Am[U doXmMm A`mg H$aUm`mZs hm JW O$a
dmMbm nm[hOo. [gYy gH$Vs, g`Vm, H$bm
Am[U [bns `m jomV H$es JV hmoVs `mM
[dcofU W$ H$aUma Amho. F$doX hm Ho$di
mWZmMm JW Zmhs, Va `mV `wmMm B[Vhmg H$gm
Amho mMo gmYma [ddoMZ Xoe_wImZs Ho$b Amho.
`mZVa _s gmao doX `m [Q>H$moZmVyZ dmMbo.
Xoe_wImgmaIm EH$ [dmZ _hmamQ>mV Agmdm
`mMm EH$ [dbjU AmXa _s H$H$ df} dmJdyZ
Amho. `m`m qgYy gH$Vsdarb _amR>sVsb `m
JWmZo _s [dbjU ^m[dV Pmbmo. m
^mfmemkmZo _amR>sMs AmOs gH$V Zmhs,
_amR>rM ZmV Agob Va Vo [gYy gH$Vses H$g

OyZ-Owb 2011

15

Amho, hohs `mZs gmYma _mS>b hmoV. Aes nwVH$

dmMVmZm _bm gH$Vs, g_mO, gm[h`
`mg~YsMs AZoH$ _V Am[U _VmVa H$iV Jobs.
H$mhs AkmV Aghs AmH$iV Job. gemoYZ,
[dMmadVH$ boIZ hm Zoh_sM A`mgmMm [df`
am[hbm. Sm. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a `m`m
boIZJWmgmaImM _m`mda Omo[V~m \w$`m`m
boIZmMm ^md am[hbm Am[U AmOhs VgmM
Amho. `m`m "Jwbm_[Jar'Z `m XoemVsb
gm_m[OH$ dmV`mMm Z [H$Vs AdKS> Amho,
`mMs OmUsd gVV hmoV am[hbs Am[U
"gmdO[ZH$ g`Y_'Zo gm_m[OH$ H$mVsMm Zdm
Am[dH$ma KS>[dU [VVH$M H$R>sU Amho ho
[Vnm[Xbob H$R>moa dmVd nQ>V hmoV. "~w[_mm
hs [nT>sOmV Zmhs' Ago hUUm`m Omo[V~mZs
OsU [dMma`dWm ZmH$mabs hmoVs Am[U "EH$m
A[doZo gmao AZW KS>[dbo' `m [dYmZmZo
kmZm`m jomVsb Zds nhmQ> H$dQ>mibs hmoVs.
n[adVZmMm _mJ Cnojo`m _XmZmVyZ OmVmo ho
_mhsV Ag`m_wioM \w$`mZs
AYlm,
AdVmadmX, dVdH$`o Am[U `mo[Vf `m gma`m
g_mOmbm AkmZm`m AYmamV T>H$byZ
gS>[dUm`m Xwdmsda AmgyS> CJmabo.
\w$`m`m m boIZmZ _s Zoh_sM AV_wI Pmbmo
Am[U hOmamo df} _mUgmZm Jwbm_sV OISy>Z
Ro>dUm`m _[VJYmMm _s Iyn ~maH$mBZo A`mg
Ho$bm. _hm_m \w$`m`m boIZmMs [MniyUH$amZs
H$m [Q>JbQ>dmis Ho$bs `mM ah`hs CbJS>V Job.
[MniyUH$amZs _amR>s ^mfoda OS>OS> AbH$ma
MT>[dbo Am[U `mMo JW _yR>^a g_mOmnwaVoM
am[hbo. \w$`mMo bmoH$^mfoVsb boIZ _m \$ma
_moR>m g_mOmbm oaUm XoV am[hbo. AYmJdm`yMm
PQ>H$m Am`m_wio S>m`m hmVmZ Vo "gmd[OZH$
g`Y_m'Mo boIZ H$aVmZm, [ddHw$Qw>~dmXmMm,
Y_[ZanojVoMm nwaH$ma H$aVmV. [MniyUH$amZm
ho H$YsM e` Pmbo ZgVo.
\w$`m`m H$[dVoMs VWmH$[WV _amR>s
g_sjH$mZs IynM Cnojm Ho$bs. \w$`mMo "AIS'
_s Var H$Ys [dgaUma Zmhs. H$maU Vmo ^maVs`
g_mOmMm Am[U gH$[VMm Amagm Amho.
gm_m[OH$ [df_Vm, Y_gWm, AYm[_H$Vm, OsU
_y`o `mda H$R>moa hma H$aUmam Omo[V~mgmaIm
Xwgam H$ds `m H$mimV Zmhs. "OwZo OmD$ m
_aUmbmJw[Z' Ag AmhmZ XoUm`m Ho$edgwVmda
AmJaH$amnojmhs \w$`mMm ^md hmoVm ho nQ>
Amho. _bm gVV dmQ>V amhV H$s, \w$`mMs
n[adVZdmXs H$[dVm hsM AmYw[ZH$ _amR>sVsb
gm_m[OH$ Ame` ^mdsnUo _mS>Umar n[hbs

16 OyZ-Owb 2011

H$[dVm Amho. Ago ^md KoD$Z _s dMm[aH$

Am[U gemoYZm`m jomV C^m am[hbmo.
A_o[aHo$Vsb bH$ [bQ>aoMa, H$m`mM gm[h`,
_s A_o[aHo$Vsb [dXwfs, Sm. E[bZm Po[bEQ>
m`m_yioM _s dmMy eH$bmo. Am[U `m
dmL>_`m`m ^mdmnmgyZ _s A[b amhy eH$bmo

Zmhs. [d`_ S>y~m`Ms ^mfUo Am[U boI

hUOo AmJsMm bmoiM. `mMo [dMma hUOo
Vmo\$mVyZ hmoUmam ~m~dfmdM. ho dmMVmZm
nwH$iXm _s hmX$Z Om`Mmo. `mMs ^mfm
dmV`mgmR>s ^wH$bobs, VhmZbobs. `mM
AV:H$aU H$UoZ ^mabob Ag`mM Zoh_s
OmUdm`M, Vmo H$m[UH$M hmoVm. [ZJm|`m
_w$sgmR>s gKf H$arV hmoVm. Jwbm_sV OJUm`m
_mUgmM Xw:I [dXmaH$ AgV. Xw^JyZ Jobob
AgV. 1914-15 `m H$mimV Vmo H$m`m
_mUgmbm `mMm B[Vhmg gmJV hmoVm. doVmZs
[ZJmoMm [b[hbobm B[Vhmg ZmH$mam`bm gmJV
hmoVm. `mMs ^mfU-boI JW~ AmhoV.
Sy~m`Mo [dMma [ZJmo AmXmobH$mZm oaUm XoV
hmoVo, A`mgH$mZm oaUm XoV hmoVo. `m H$mis
[H$VsEH$ H$ds- boIH$mZs Xw:I Am[U jmo^
Amn`m boIZmVyZ _mS>bm Vmo S>y~m``m
H$m{VH$mar [dMmamVyZ. S>y~m` dmMVmZm _s
H$H$Xm AV_wI hm`Mmo. Abog hmbsM "Q>g'
dmMVmZm, Eb[aO {bhaM "gmob AmZ AmBg'
hs VwJmVyZ [b[hbobs no dmMVmZm, AgmM
hmX$Z Jobmo hmoVmo. _amR>sV Ag ndmL>_`
Zmhs.
bQ>Z wOMs H$[dVm H$m`m`m Xw:ImMs

H$[dVm Amho. dmV`mMs ^yH$ H$embm hUVmV

mMm `` bQ>Z yOMs H$[dVm XoVo. yO
hmQo>b_`o doQ>a hmoVm. `mZ ZmQ>H$hs [b[hbs. Vmo
"`wbQ>mo' hmoVm. `mMm ~mn doV Am[U `mMs AmB
H$mis. Vmo doVhs ZhVm Am[U H$mimhs ZhVm.
hUyZ Vmo `wbQ>mo. Vmo Am`w`^a ho Xw:I dmJdsV
am[hbm. `mM Xw:I hUOo `mMs ^i^iUmar
OI_ hmoVs. [deofV: AmnU `wbQ>mo AmhmoV m
Om[UdoZ `mZ [b[hbobs H$[dVm nwZ: nwZ: dmMbs
Am[U _s nwZ: nwZ: AdW Pmbmo. _s `m
H$[dVoMm ^mdmW gmJVmo. Vmo hUVmo, _mPm ~mn
doV hmoVm. _mPs AmB H$mis hmoVs. _mPm ~mn CM
hdobsV amhV hmoVm, _mPs AmB Ko>moV
(PmonS>n>sV) amhV hmoVs. bQ>ZZ nwT> Amnbs
OI_ CKS>s H$arV `$ Ho$b. _mPm ~mn _obm Va
doV `oVsb/ _mPs AmB _obs Va H$mio `oVsb
/[Vbm KoD$Z OmVsb / _s _obmo Va _bm H$moU
KoD$Z OmBb?
Ag ho Xw:ImZ JXJXbob PmS>. `m`m
Zmdmda AZoH$ H$[dVmgJh Amho. nU, `m`m
"[S>Aa bhbs So>W' m n[h`m H$[dVmgJhmV
`mMm [ZamemdmX Am[U ^_[Zamg OmUdVmo. Vmo
OJ^a [\$abm. AmWa H$moEba Am[U ~moarg
nQ>aZmH$ m boIH$mZm ^oQ>bm. a[e`m-MsZ`m
^oQ>s_wio `m`mda S>m`m [dMmagaUsMm ^md
nS>bm. `mZo H$Wm [b[h`m, ZmQ>H$ [b[hbs,
dMm[aH$ boIZ Ho$b. g_sjH$mZs "hmb}Mm
bmoH$moma H$ds' AgmM `mMm Jmad Ho$bm. nU, Vmo
I`m AWmm "dmV`m'Mm H$ds hmoVm. AOyZhs
`mMs H$[dVm _s dmMV AgVmo. `mMm ^md
_m`m _Zmda Amho.
gm_m[OH$ dmV` Am[U gm_m[OH$ `m`mgmR>s
Amn`m gm[h` [Z[_VsMs _mS>Us H$aUm`m
gm[h` [Z_m`mZm _s Zoh_sM A[^dmXZ H$aVmo.
AWmV, OJmV`m doJdoJ`m ^mfmMm gm[h`mMm
_mJmodm KoUo e` Zmhs. Vo dmMUhs e` Zmhs.
nU, Os H$mhs [Z[_Vs hmVs Ambs `m_wio _s
[Z{MVM haIyZ Jobmo Amho. Vs [Z[_Vs nwZ:
dmM`mMm AmZXhs _s AZw^[dbm Amho. `m_wio
[^ [^ gH$Vs`m _mUgmMs, `m`m H$VsMs
AmoiIhs Pmbs.
gy gw_s hs OnmZMs ~S>Imoa bo[IH$m.
OnmZ_Y`m An` _mZ`m Jobo`m "~wamHw$_sZ'
g_mOmgmR>s Am`w`^a PwOUmar. `mZm g_mZ
dmJUyH$ H$es [_iob, [df_Vm H$es ZQ> hmoBb
`mgmR>s gmV`mZ [b[hUmar gy gw_s OnmZ_Ysb
g_mOgwYmaH$M hUmds! "hmes Zmo ZB H$mdm' `m
_yi OnmZs ^mfoVsb gmV IS>mV H$m[eV Pmbo`m

H$mX~arMo "[X [aha [dW Zmo [~O' `m ZmdmZ H$mhs

AZwdmXhs H$m[eV Pmbo AmhoV. "[X [aha...' hs
OnmZ_Y`m ~wamHw$_sZ m ~[hH$V dJmMs
H$hmUs. H$moPsMo ~mbnU, `mMs gm_m[OH$ d
_mZ[gH$ H$m|S>s, d`nado `mbm C_JV OmUmam
gm_m[OH$ A`m`, `m[d C^ amh`mMs
YS>nS>, `mVyZ ~wam[H$[_ZmZm
hmoUmar
Am_OmUsd, Am_g_mZ, h$ ho gmao gmao hUOo
_mVsVyZ C^o amhUm`m EH$m A`m`JV g_mOmMm
H$mbnQ>M. OnmZ[df`s Amn`m gm`m`mM
_ZmV EH$ A[VJV, gYZ Am[U Ammo[JH$
H$mVsMm Xoe hUyZ [V_m Amho. naVw, "[X
[aha...' dmMbs [Z `m XoemVhs An`Vm Amho,
~[hH$VVm Amho hs OmUsd Pmbs [Z AdW
Pmbmo. Amn`m XoemVsb An`Vm, [df_Vm,
^oX^md AmnU AZw^dboboM AmhoV. nU,
~wamHw$[_ZmM Xw:I nm[h`mZVa [V_m^J Pmbm.
Abog hbsM "Q>g' dmMVmZm Ogm gw Pmbmo
hmoVmo VgmM "[X [aha [dW Zmo [~O' dmMyZ gw
Pmbmo. gy gw_s hs ~wam[H$_sZ Zmhs; nU, [VZ
`$ Ho$bo`m g`V ghOm[Udm _bm ^m[dV
H$$Z Jo`m. ~wam[H$[_Zm`m Xw:I, gKf, doXZm,
Aly Am[U hwX`mMm OdiOdi e^a dfmMm
nQ>M _s AZw^dsV Jobmo. ~wam[H$[_Zm`m gKfmMm
B[Vhmg gmJUmar nwVH$ H$m[eV Pmbs AmhoV.
`mMo A[YH$ma ZmH$mabo Jobo AmhoV. `mM OJU
XwH$a Pmbob Amho. AgM EH$ ~wam[H$[_ZmdaM
nwVH$ dmMVmZm `mV`m EH$m VUmMs H$[\$`V
[dbjU Amho. Vmo J`wEQ> Pmbobm Amho. `mM
EH$m OnmZs _wbsda o_ Amho. `m _wbs`m
AmBd[S>bmZm Oohm gwJmdm bmJVmo, Vohm `mZs
`m ~wam[H$_sZ _wbmMm MS> N>i Ho$bm. `mbm
[OU ZH$mog Ho$b. nwT> `mbm H$mhsM H$aVm Amb
Zmhs. _moR>m hmQo>bmVyZ `mZm doe ZhVm. Aes
gmaIs H$m|S>s hmoV Ag`m_wio AZoH$mZs Amnbs
AmS>Zmd ~Xbbs. OnmZs AmS>Zmd KoVbs. Varhs
[^ [ddmhm`m g_`m `mZm ^oS>gmdVM AmhoV.
`mZm "BQ>m' hQ>b OmV. "BQ>m' Imb`m
g_mOmVbm. hs EH$H$mao [edsM Amho. "[X
[aha...' _Ybm H$moPs m gm`m XmhH$ dmVdmZo
nmoibobm Amho. `m_wio `mMs _mZ[gH$Vm `m`m
jwYVoV namd[VV hmoVo. A`m`JV _Z jwY
hmoU dm^m[dH$ AgV. [JAa Am[U H$mO `mMo
"bH$ a|O' (H$mim jmo^) dmMVmZm Aem H$H$
Xw:Im`m H$hm`m neyZ OmV hmo`m.
"bH$ a|O'_`o doV Am[U [ZJm|Mm gKf Amho.
VU H$m`m _wbtMm doVmZs Ho$bobm N>i,
~bmH$ma, A`m`, Xw^JyZ Jobobs _mUg AOyZhs

S>mo`mg_moa C^s amhVmV. doV H$m_Jma Am[U

H$mio H$m_Jma loUs`m Q>sZo EH$M. Am[WH$
Vahs gmaImM. H$m_Jmam`mM dgmhVsV amhVmV.
nU, doV H$m`mes `dhma H$arV ZmhsV.
Amn`m _wbmZm H$m`m _wbm~amo~a [_giy XoV
ZmhsV. emio_`o H$m`m _wbmnmgyZ Xya ~gm`bm
gmJVmV. H$moPs, [ZJmo _wb Am[U ^maVmVsb
An` _wb `mV H$m` \$aH$ Amho? gmH$[VH$
Xw:I AmUIs H$embm hUm`M?
gmH$[VH$ Xw:ImMs H$hmUs gmJUmam OmZ
[J\$sWM "bH$ bmBH$ _s' ho nwVH$ _s H$Ys

[dg$ eH$V Zmhs. eaUHw$_ma [b~mio `mM

"A$a_mes' Og [PU[P`m AmUV AJXs VgM
"bH$ bmBH$ _s' ho nwVH$ gdmJmda ehmao
AmUV. _wimV OmZ hmdS> [J\$sW hm doV boIH$.
naVw, [ZJm|M/H$m`mM Xw:I `mM OsdZ H$g
XmhH$ Amho mMm `j AZw^d `m`Mm Am[U
_J Amnbo AZw^d H$WZ H$aUma nwVH$ [bhm`M
`m BammZ [J\$sWa nwT> gagmdbm. `mZ Amnb
AI Jmoa AJ dH$s` CnMmamZs amgm`[ZH$
`mZs H$mi Ho$b. doVmMm H$mim Pmbm.
Ho$ggwm Hw$aio Ho$bo Am[U Vmo doV A_o[aH$Zm`m
OJmV Jobm. Jmo`m _mUgmZ H$m`m`m doXZm`Wm AZw^dm`Mm hm AZw^d WamaH$ hmoVm. "Omdo
`m`m dem Vohm H$io' AnemMs Agb Xw:I
OmUyZ Ko`mgmR>s EImXm n` boIH$ Agm
AZw^d KoBb? e` Zmhs. _amR>sV Aes Xw:I
H$nZoZ _mS>`mMs H$H$ CXmhaU XoVm `oVsb; nU,
An` hmoD$Z OmVs^oX H$gm AgVmo, An`Vm
H$es AgVo, JmdH$sMs H$m_ H$es AgVmV,

_hma-_mJmMs VwN>Vm H$es AgVo, ho AZw^dU

XwamnmVM. nU, [J\$sW [Z^`nUo doV OJmV
[ZJmo hUyZ Jobm. `mZ _mZhmZs ghZ Ho$bs. N>i
ghZ Ho$bm, doXZm AZw^d`m, [VaH$ma
AZw^dbm. [J\$sWZ Amn`m Am_H$WZmV,
What is like to be Negro? ho OiOisV dm`
[bhyZ doV gH$VsMm ~waIm \$mSy>Z Q>mH$bm.
[ZJmo hUyZ OJU H$m` AgV hm AZw^d ^`mZH$
hmoVm. hs H$nZm ZhVs, dmVd hmoV. hUyZM
[ZJm|_`o ^`JS> H$m [Z_mU hmoVmo? [hgmMmamH$So>
dms H$m ~imdVo? Jwbm_[Jar H$m` AgVo?
[Zamem H$es AgVo? ho [J\$sWZ AZw^db.
dedmXmMo ~is Agbo`m [ZJm|Ms _aUmdWm
`mZ ^moJbs. hUyZM Vmo hUmbm "H$mhs _mUg,
H$mhs _mUgmM Am`w` ~a~mX H$aVmV, ho _m`m
EH$m [ZJmo _wbsbm [dMma`mV Amb hmoV, `yMm
Zaghma H$aUm`m, OJOoVonUmMs dZ
nmhmUm`m [hQ>baba [ejm m`Ms Pmbs Va Vy
H$moUVs [ejm Xoesb? Vs MQ>H$Z hUmbs hmoVs,
"[hQ>babm EH$M [ejm m. `mbm \$$ EH$ [Xdg
[ZJmo H$am.' [ZJmonU hUOo emar[aH$ Am[U
_mZ[gH$ N>i. [J\$sW `mM AdWoVyZ Jobm. "Hy$,
bg, bZ' hUOo "Ho$Ho$Ho$' `m doVm`m
Ym[_H$ g`mZ [ZJm|Mm [H$Vs ^`mZH$ N>i
Mmb[dbm Amho, ho `mZ nm[hb hmoV. [J\$sW`m
Am_H$WZmZ gw hmo`mnbsH$So> Xwga H$m` H$aVm
Amb AgV? ImoQo> AZw^d _mS>VmZm boIZ
A[YH$ J[hdaV Ag bjmV `oV. hUyZM
AZw^dO`
gm[h`mMo loR>d enWoda
gmJ`mMs JaO CaV Zmhs. "bH$ bmBH$ _s'Z _s
PnmQ>bmo Jobmo. OJmV Agm AZw^d Zgob.
[J\$sWZ _mUgmM Xw:I nm[hb-AZw^db. Vmo
_hmZ hmoVm. _m`m _ZmdaMm `mMm ^md H$YsM
nwgyZ Q>mH$Vm `oUma Zmhs. Ho$edgwV hUmbo hmoVo,
[ddmMm [dVma Ho$dT>m. Va `m`m `m`m
S>mo`mEdT>m! Ho$dT> ho OsdZmdaM ^oXH$ ^m`!
OsdZmM, g_mOmM, gH$VsM [dXmaH$ XeZ
`mbm KS>V Vmo _moR>m boIH$, _moR>m H$bmdV. Aem
H$mhs _hmZ H$bmdVm`m _hmZ H$bmH$VsM XeZ
_bm KoVm Amb, `mMm `` gjonmZ _s `$
Ho$bm. m H$bmH$VtZs _s ^mamdyZ Jobmo. `mMm
^md _m`m _Zmda Amho. gmH$[VH$ Xw:I H$g
AgV, Vo _bm H$g VrV Pmb. ho _s AmnUmnwTo>
gmJ`mMm `Z Ho$bm.
(_amR>dmS>m gm[h` n[afXo`m "dmMZdoY' `m
JWmVyZ gm^ma)
gnH$ : 9422203373

OyZ-Owb 2011

17

S>m

gdH$f dmMZmMs JaO

Q>amZs _o[S>H$b OZg Am[U

dH$s` emmMs nwVHo$ dmMmds Ago
Ano[jV AgVo. d{H$bmZs H$m`mMs,
KQ>Zm XwVsMs, `m`mb`sZ [ZH$mbmg~YsMs
[Z`VH$m[bHo$ dm JW dmMmdoV Ago A[^oV AgVo.
_ZoO_|Q>Ms _S>is [d[dY H$ma`m _ZoO_|Q>
[WAarO, _ZoO_|Q> [ayO, AW[df`H$
dmnm_YyZ [g hmoUmao _ZoO_|Q> [df`H$ V^
Am[U OZg dmMV AgVmV. (`m_wio _ZoO_|Q>
[H$Vs gwYma`m dm gwYmaVmV hm _wm doJim!)
dkm[ZH$ _S>is gm`[Q>[\$H$ OZg,
AWH$maUmVbs _S>is `m [df`mdaMs X[ZHo$,
gmm[hHo$ qH$dm Am[H$Qo>Q>g, B[Q>[aAadmbo `m`m
`dgm`mg~YmV dmMV AgVmV.
nU, amOH$ma`mZs Am[U nH$mamZs H$m`
dmMmdo `mg~YmV Vgo [ZH$f AmT>iV ZmhsV.
amOH$maUmVbs _S>is dV_mZn dmMVmV; nU,
Vsgwm `m`m dV:`m, njm`m,
[Vn`m`m, Xwg`m JQ>mg~Ys`m ~mV`m
"H$mTy>Z' Ko`mgmR>s. \$maM H$_s amOH$maUs _S>is
dmnm_Ysb [dbofUm_H$ boI,
[dkmZ[df`H$ _m[hVs dm OmJ[VH$ KS>m_moS>s
g_OyZ KoVmV. ~hwVoH$ amOH$s` nwT>mar `m`m
amOH$maUmV BVHo$ `J AgVmV H$s `mZm
dmM`mV doi "dm`m' Kmb[dbobm AmdS>V
Zmhs! AmVm Cabo nH$ma! `mZs Z$s H$m`
dmMmdo `m~b H$moU`mhs [Z{MV
"JmBS>bmBg' ZmhsV, [ZH$f ZmhsV dm
dmMH$mH$Sy>Z Vem Z$s Anojm ZmhsV.
Aem {WVsV nH$mamZs Amn`m
`dgm`mV J^Vm AmU`mgmR>s H$m`
dmMmdo `m ZmMo Cma XoUo Vgo gmono Zmhs.
nU, nH$mambm `m`m XoemMm Am[U XoemMm
B[Vhmg ([ZXmZ T>mo~i d$nmV) _mhsV Agm`bm
hdm. `mM_mUo [d[dY amOH$s` Zo`mMs M[aAm_M[a Am[U gm[h`, gm[h`-g_sjm Am[U
gm[h{`H$mMs M[a-Am_M[aohs!
[Xdg|[Xdg Amnbo OsdZ [dkmZ-VkmZmZo
doT>bo OmV Amho. naVw, XwXdmZo `m Xmohs [df`mV
JVs Agbobo nH$ma \$mago ZgVmV. [edm`
nH$m[aVoV `oUmao VU Oa J[UV, [dkmZ,
AmYw[ZH$ VkmZ `m [df`mV nmaJV AgVsb Va Vo
nH$m[aVoV `m``m EodOs `m [df`mg~Ys`m
`dgm`mVM (A[YH$ nJmamda) OmVsb.

18 OyZ-Owb 2011

gmh[OH$M `j OsdZ [dkmZ-VkmZ_` Pmbobo

Agbo Var `mMo ^mZ nH$mamZm ZgVo. `m_wio
`m`m boIZmV bm[b` dm H$nH$Vm Ambs Var
em-ewVm `oV Zmhs. Z`m `wJmV ho
[dkmZ[df`H$ AkmZ MmbUma Zmhs!
nH$ma gd H$maMs "dMm[aH$ Am`wYo' dmnarV
AgVmo. AJboI [b[hVmZm Agob dm AJXs ~mV_s
XoVmZm, `mV H$Ys Eo[Vhm[gH$ gX^ AgVmo, Va

Hw$_ma Ho$VH$a
H$Ys gmH$[VH$, H$Ys Ym[_H$, Va H$Ys dkm[ZH$.
AZoH$ doim dmMH$ (CnmhmgmZo!) nH$mambm
"gdk' hUyZ g~moYVmV, Vo `m_wioM Agmdo;
nU, ~`mMXm Iw nH$mambmhs Vmo ^_ hmoD$
bmJVmo.
nH$ma _w`V: "H$`w[ZHo$Q>a' AgVmo- _J Vmo
[bhsV Agmo dm ao[S>Amo-Xya[MdmUsda [ZdoXZ
H$arV Agmo. Vmo gmJV AgVmo, Vgm [eH$Vhs
AgVmo. Jo`m nmg dfmV _mUgm`m OJ`mMo

Am[U [dMmamMo [j[VO MS> _mUmda Xmdbo

Amho. gmh[OH$M nH$ma D$\$ "H$`w[ZHo$Q>a'Mo
[ddhs Xmdbo Amho. naVw, `m Eo[Vhm[gH$,
Vm{dH$, gmH$[VH$ "Am`wYm'Mm AmYma nH$ma
KoV AgVmo; `m [df`mMm gImob dm g[dVa
A`mg H$aUo `mbm e` hmoV Zmhs.
"dV_mZm'`m bmQ>mda Am$T> Pmbo`m
nH$mambm g_wmMs Imobs dm `ms g_O`mgmR>s
`m bmQ>md$Z CVamdo bmJVo. `wamon-A_o[aHo$Vsb
dmnmMo _mbH$ Agm gImob A`mg H$aUm`m
dm H$$ B{N>Um`m nH$mambm [deof aOm dm
\o$bmo[en XoVmV. Jo`m nmg dfmV [g Pmbobo

VoWsb AZoH$ JW Aem "Q>S>s [bh'da Jobo`m

nH$mamZs [b[hbo AmhoV. Amn`m XoemV
H$moU`mhs nH$mam`m - AJXs gnmXH$m`mhsdmQ>mbm Aem AmXm`mMo gJ OdiOdi `oVM
ZmhsV. Aem {WVsV H$m` H$am`Mo?
BVa AZoH$ [df`mV [Okmgm Am[U ag Agob,
Va `m [df`mMs nwVHo$ OJ^amVyZ _mJdyZ Vs
dmMUo hm EH$ n`m` AgVmo. "dmV:gwIm`' dmMZ
H$aUo hs EH$ H$maMs MZ Amho, Am_JwOZ Amho
Am[U bmo^ d dmW Amho. AmnU Oo dmMbo Amho,
`mVsb _yb^yV (ge!) Am[U CX~moYH$,
[MVZm_H$ Am[U _ZmoaOH$gwm [dMma
dmMH$mn`V Zo`mgmR>s nH$mamZs `Z H$am`bm
hdm. naVw, `mgmR>shs "An-Qw>-So>Q>' AgUo
Amd`H$ AgVo. OJ [dbjU PnmQ>mZo ~XbVo
Amho. `m ~Xb`m dmVmdaUmMs XIb _w`V:
dmno, [Z`VH$m[bHo$ Am[U Q>shs `yO MZg KoV
AgVmV. dmno-[Z`VH$m[bHo$ Am[U AmVm
AWmVM BQ>aZoQ> `m`m dmMZm[edm` nH$mambm
Vgo "An-Qw>-So>Q>' amhVmM `oUma Zmhs.
_mo~mBb \$mog Am`mnmgyZ 10 dfmV
bmoH$mMs ~S>~S> [H$_mZ 100 nQ>tZs dmT>bs
Amho. nwT>`m 25-30 dfmV OJmVsb, `m
doi`m 10 AO bmoH$mnH$s gw_mao 6 AO
bmoH$mH$So> _mo~mBb \$moZ AgVsb. AWmVM
AmUIs H$mhs dfmZs `m _mo~mBb_`oM
Qo>[b{hOZ, H$m`wQ>g, Am[\$g, dV_mZn,
H$a_UwH$sMo H$m`H$_, gd _m[bH$m, hOmamo
[MnQ>, ~[H$J, gd H$maMo AW`dhma Ago
~aoM H$mhs Agob. _mo~mBb \$moZ_`o
amh`mMs `dWm H$aVm `oUma Zmhs Am[U
_mo~mBb_YyZ H$ma dm [d_mZmMm dmg H$aVm
`oUma Zmhs ho Iao; nU, [Zdmgm`m Am[U dmgm`m JaOmhs ~Xbbo`m AgVsb. AmOM da
Co[Ibo`m ~`mM gmo`s _mo~mBb \$moZ_`o
AmhoV. nwT>sb 25-30 dfmV `m gw_mao ghm AO
(600 H$moQ>s) bmoH$mZm CnbY hmoD$ eH$Vsb.
Varhs EH$ JmoQ> [g PmbsM Amho- Vs hUOo
bmoH$mMs EHy$U ~S>~S> 100 nQ>tZs dmT>bs Amho.
_mo~mBbd$Z, H$m`wQ>a MQ>g_YyZ dm WoQ>.
`j dm \$moZdarb gdmX/Jnm/^mS>Uo
AgmoV dm EgE_Eg/{Q>dQ>a/MQ> Agmo, _ob Agmo
dm XsK boI, bmJ AgmoV dm _{Q>_s[S>`m
H$m\$agog- `m gdmMo _w` _m`_ AgVo ^mfm.

eX. ~mobs. da`- [Z`[V dZs (_wHo$-~[hao

~moby d EoHy$ eH$V ZmhsV; nU, dmMy d [bhy
eH$VmV; Am[U AmYio nmhy eH$V ZmhsV, nU
~moby-EoHy$ Am[U ~obmao dmMyhs dm [bhy eH$VmVhUOoM `mMohs _m`_ eX-^mfm hoM AgVo.)
`mnH$s da`-[Z`[V dZs AZoH$ mUsnjs-gm_ws Osd `m`mH$So> AgVmV. nU ~mobs,
eX, ^mfm Am[U `mMo EH$ AWnyU gdmXs gHw$b
ho \$$ _mUgmbmM AdJV Amho. ^mfmemkm`m
_Vo OJmV EHy$U 2700 Vo 3500 Zm|X[d`m
Jobo`m "^mfm' AmhoV. H$mhs ^mfm AmhoV H$s \$$
~mobs, `m~m~V dmX AmhoV. (Amn`mH$So> `mM
MmbsdaMm dmX _amR>s d H$moH$Usg~YsMm hmoVm.)
`mZm dm`m Ago g_mOgdmXmMo WmZ Amho,
Aem gw_mao 20 hOma ~mobs dmnamV Agm`mV.
[H$`oH$ ^mfm AZoH$ ~mobs _m`_mVyZ `$ hmoVmV;
nU, `mZm [bns ZgVo. ~hwVoH$ ^mfm gemoYH$
_mZVmV H$s, Xa 25-30 [H$bmo_sQ>gda ~mobs,
^mfoMm hob, Cma `mV \$aH$ nS>Vmo. AJXs T>mo~i
CXmhaU `m`Mo Va am`JS>, [gYwXwJ, aZm[Jar
`oWsb H$moH$Us ~mO doJdoJio AmhoV, `m_mUo
gmVmam, gmJbs, H$mohmnwar ~mO doJdoJio AmhoV.
[edm` "gXm[ednoR>s' _amR>s Am[U "_mbdUsH$moH$Us' _amR>sM Ag`m Var `m`m
A{_Vm gmd^m_ AmhoV. VsM JmoQ>
[dX^mV, ImZXoemV, _amR>dmS>mV.
Aes [d[dYVm Am[U A{_Vm OJ^a
gd Amho. AWmVM ^maVmBV`m
~mobs, ^mfm, [b`m Am[U A{_Vm
OJmV Hw$Ro>M ZmhsV. hmyZM ^maVmMo
EH$d Amn`m d[d`mVyZ `$ hmoVo,
Ago n[S>V Zoh$ hUV AgV. Iao
hUOo ^maVmBVH$s d[d`Vm BVa
H$moU`mM XoemV Zmhs. BVHo$ Y_,
BV`m OmVs, BV`m nanam Am[U
BVH$s [ZgJ$no Amn`m XoemV
AgyZhs ~hwg` bmoH$mZm mMs OmU
ZgVo. XwXdmZo nH$mamZmhs ZgVo. `m
d[d`mVsb g_VoMo ^mZ nH$mambm Zgob Va Vmo
dmMH$mbm H$go XoUma?
Va `m gd ~mobs, ^mfm d [b`mmao OJ^aMo
gJio bmoH$ gVV ~mobV AgVmV. `m doiog Vo
~mobV ZgVmV Vohm Vo Q>shsMo H$m`H$_ nmhVEoH$V AgVmV, EgE_Eg dm {Q>dQ>amao "H$ZoQo>S>'
AgVmV [H$dm dV_mZno, [Z`VH$m[bHo$, nwVHo$
dmMV AgVmV. eXmMm BVH$m _hm\$moQ> `mnydu
H$Yshs Pmbobm ZhVm. ho gd gw_mao VsZ hOma`m
Amgnmg ^mfm_`o AIS> Mmby Amho.

eX ho gdmXmMo, ^mdZm[dH$mamMo, [dMmamMo

VgoM B[Vhmg d ^[d` `mZm OmoS>Umao _m`_
Amho- naVw, [VVHo$M Vo [dgdmXmMo, Jag_OwVsMo,
gKfmMo d `wmMohs _m`_ Amho. Jo`mM _[h`mV
nVYmZ S>m. _Z_mohZ [gJ `mZs nm[H$VmZ~amo~a
Ho$bo`m g`w$ _gwmVsb EH$m eXm_wio Xoe^a
Am[U bmoH$g^oV Ho$dT>m Var JXmamoi Pmbm hmoVm.
B[VhmgH$ma, nH$ma, amOH$maUs _S>is Va BVH$m
eXN>b H$aVmV H$s, AIoarg `m`m MM}Vsb
Ame` ZQ> hmoD$Z eXM dVnUo AmQ>mnmQ>m
IoiV ~gVmV.
~m.gs. _T}>H$a `m`m "[nnmV _obo Amo`m CXra'
`m H$[dVoVsb `oH$ eXmda (`mVsb [V_mVsH$mda) 63 dfmV BVHo$ _S>Z-IS>Z, [MVZboIZ, dmX-[dVS>dmX Pmbo AmhoV H$s, Vo nmhyZ
eXmMo AMmQ> gm_` Ogo bjmV `oVo VgoM,
EH$M eX [H$Vs H$maMm [dgdmX KS>dyZ AmUy
eH$Vmo, hohs `mZmV `oVo. (ZwH$VoM m. Eg.Eg.
ZmS>H$Uu `mZs gH$bZ-gnmXZ Ho$bobo "[nVmV _obo
Amo`m C[Xa' ho CH$Q>, CX~moYH$ Am[U Cn`w$hs
nwVH$ AU OmISo> `m`m "nJYm H$meZ'Zo
[g Ho$bo Amho. eX Am[U ^mfm `oH$
`$sbm [H$Vs AWmJ ^md d [dMma[ddmV ZoD$

eH$Vo, `mMm EH$ [dbjU gm[h`-emoYM m.

ZmS>H$Uu `mZs KoVbm Amho. AWmVM, gm[h` hm
nH$mam`m AmdS>sMm [df`M Zgob Va `m`m
boIZmV, _mS>UsV, ebsV bm[b` `oUma Zmhs.
hs`m n[a^mfoV nH$mambm "arS>a-\o$S>bs'
amh`mgmR>s \$$ `m`m ^mfoVsbM Zho, Va
OJmVsb gm[h`mMs OmU hds. (Va _wm Amho
eXmMm. _mUygmUs ~mobm`bm bmJbm
([Za[Zam`m [R>H$mUs [Za[Zam`m ~mobt_YyZ)
`mbm gmYmaUnUo XsS> bmI df} Pmbs, Ago

_mZddeemk _mZVmV. (`mZm "~mobs'

hU`mnojm "da`- [Z`[V dZs BVnVM
WmZ hmoVo.') `m dZt_YyZ gdmXs- gXoedmXH$
eX [Z_mU hm`bm AmUIshs ~arM df} Jobs
AgmdsV. `m eXmZm mW[_H$ [M[bnsMo $n
22 hOma dfmnydu Ambo Ago _mZbo OmVo, naVw,
`m [M[bnsVyZ arVga Ajao, eX, Wyb Aes
dm`aMZm ho gd OmVsV OmV nmM Vo ghm hOma
dfmnyduMo Amho.
`m doi`m OsdZebsV eXmMm d ^mfoMm
Cn`moJ \$$ `mdhm[aH$ hmoVm. ^mdZm, [dMma,
Vd[MVZ, dmX, _V^oX, Jag_O ho gd
hmo`mBVH$s ^mfm J^ Pmbobs ZhVs. `m_wio
EHy$U eXg`mhs A[Ve` H$_s hmoVs- _J, Vo
eX [MZs AgmoV dm A` Hw$R>`m Var
[g{hbm`PoeZ_Ysb. AXmOmZwgma, Vs EHy$U
eXg`m Mma-nmMeo`m da Zgmds.
"X Q>moar Am\$ B{be' `m ~s.~s.gs.Zo [g
Ho$bo`m nwVH$mV hQ>`m_mUo, XmoZ hOma
dfmnydu `w[b`g [gPa [~Q>Z_`o
gm_mO{dVmamgmR>s AdVabm Vohm BJOs hs
^mfmM ZhVs; naVw, ~hwVoH$ gw[e[jV (Am[U
A[e[jVhs!) _S>itZm dmQ>Vo H$s, `w[b`g
[gPa, {bAmonmm, BVHo$M H$m`,
`oey [Vhs BJOsVM ~mobV
AgUma. dVwV: mMsZ BQ>bsMs ^mfm
b[Q>Z hsM amo_ OmgmmH$mMs, amo_Z
gm_m`mMs Am[U amo_Z H$W[bH$
MMMs Am[U ZVa`m H$mimV `wamonMs
gmH$[VH$ ^mfm hmoVs. AJXs 1500
dfmnydshr BJOs ^mfm \$$ H$mhs
nmM-gmV hOma _mUgmZm `oV hmoVs.
"BJOsMm ^md' dJao ZM ZhVm.
BVHo$M H$m`, eog[n`a (1564 1616) `mMs ZmQ> [bhsV hmoVm Vohm
\$ma Va 50 Vo 70 bmI bmoH$ BJOs
^mfm ~moby eH$V hmoVo. (gmjaVm H$_s
Ag`mZo `m "B{be_oZ'nH$s
~hwg` [bhy-dmMy eH$V ZhVo; naVw, ZmQ>Ho$
g_O`mBVH$s AmH$bZe$s g_mOmV hmoVs,
`m_wioM Vs ZmQ>Ho$ [Q>H$bs. AmOhs
eog[n`AaMs ZmQ>Ho$ g_OyZ Ko`mgmR>s hOmamo
[dmWu `mda S>mQ>aoQ> H$arV AgVmV.) `mMm AW
`oH$ nH$mamZo kmZodarnmgyZ eo{n`an`V dm
"JsVmah`' Vo X "H$[nQ>b' `m JWmn`V gd
_wimVyZ dmMm`bm hdo Ago Zmhs; nU, OJmVsb
[dMmamMs AmoiIM Zgob Va `mbm AmOy~mOyMo
g_mOOsdZM g_OUma Zmhs. _J, Vmo nH$m[aVm

OyZ-Owb 2011

19

H$es d H$emMs H$aUma ?

BJOs ^mfoMm [dVma Am[U ^md _w`V:
Mmaeo dfmVbm Amho. hUOoM `m`m
gm_m`[dVmam~amo~a Vmo Pmbm Amho. `m
gm_mOm`m Am[U ^mfoMm BVH$m AMmQ> ^md hmoVm
H$s, Iw [~Q>Z_Ysb Am`m[ae, H$m[Q>e Am[U
Am[U doe ^mfm BJOsZo [Z^ H$$Z Q>mH$`m.
BJOsMm hm ^md nS>`mnydu `wamonmV [VR>m hmoVs
Vs \o$M ^mfoMs. H$mhs _mUmV O_Z ^mfoMsgwm.
\o$M ^mfobm Var Xa~mar, C^y, gmH$[VH$VoMohs
WmZ hmoVo. naVw, gmam`m eVH$mnmgyZ BJOs
^mfoMm ^md nSy> bmJ`mZVa B{be Am{U \o$M
`m`mV Omo gmH$[VH$ - ^m[fH$ gKf d nYm
gw$ Pmbs Vs AmOVmJm`V Mmby Amho. AmOhs
\o$MmZm BJOs ^mfo[df`s [dbjU _ga d Agy`m
Amho. XmoZ-VsZ XeH$mV aS>V-IS>V H$m hmoBZm,
\o$MmZs ^mfoMm OmJ[VH$ X~X~m _mZm`bm gwdmV
Ho$bs Amho Am{U BJOs ^mfoMo dJhs gw$ Ho$bo
AmhoV. (MsZhs AgmM mMsZ d ^m[fH$ J^Vm
_mZUmam Xoe. `mMs ^mfm Va gw_mao gmSo>VsZ hOma
df} BVH$s mMsZ, [MZs gm[h`hs VsZ hOma
dfmnydvMo. [deof hUOo [H$_mZ AS>sM hOma
dfmV `m`m [M[bnsV \$magm \$aH$ nS>bm Zmhs.
hOmamo [Mmjao Ag`m_wio ~`mnH$s Jm|Yihs
hmoVm. nwTo> _mAmo`m H$mimV H$mVsZVa gw_mao XmoZ
hOma [Mmjao [Z{MV Ho$bs Jobs Am[U `m
gwYm[aV [bns_wio gmjaVm Am[U [ejU d `m_wio
gm[h`-H$bmMm MS> [dVma Pmbm. naVw, Aem
dm[^_mZs MsZZohs AmVm BJOs ^mfoMs d{dH$Vm
d An[ahm`Vm _m` Ho$bs Amho. gmH$[VH$
H$mVs`m H$mimV [MZs H$m_oS>gZs eog[nAaMs
ZmQ>Ho$, EHy$U BJOs gm[h` dJao OmiyZ Q>mH$bo
hmoVo. [MZs d H$`w[ZQ> `m Xmohs nanamda
nm{M_m` AmH$_U AgVm H$m_m Z`o, Aes
A[VaoH$s ^y[_H$m `m_mJo hmoVs.)
[MZs ^mfo_mUoM gH$V ^mfmhs (doX Am[U
Cn[ZfXmMs) gw_mao gmSo>VsZ hOma dfmnyduMs Amho
Am[U gH$V `mH$aUhs gw_mao XmoZ hOma df}
emew {WVsV Amho. ~hwVoH$ ^maVs` ^mfm
gH$V hs _yi ^mfm _mZVmV, `m_mUo BJOs,
\o$M, O_Z AmXs ^mfm b[Q>Z hs _yi ^mfm
_mZVmV.
[g{hbm`PoeZ Am[U ^m[fH$ CH$mVs d
[dH$mg `mMm Ogm OdiMm g~Y Amho, VgmM
g~Y _mZds _ZmMm A_`mX doJ Am[U `mMo gVV
[dVmaUmao [j[VO `mMmhs Amho. [MZs Am[U
gH$V ^mfoMm ^md Am[U "[g{hbm`PoeZ
BnQ' hmgwm nydu `m`m AmOy~mOy`m gd

20 OyZ-Owb 2011

^mJmV hmoVm; naVw, AZoH$ H$maUm_wio `mMm

[dVma nwTo> Wm~bm. `mMm AW Agm Zho H$s, _yi
^m[fH$ gH$ma nwgbm OmVmo. ^mfo~b Vgo hmoV
Zmhs. naVw `dhma, amOH$maU, gm[h`H$bmdaMm ^m[fH$ ^md jsU hmoV OmVmo. (Oo
gm` gd ^maVs` ^mfmZm OmUdy bmJbo Amho.)
BJOs ^mfoZo gm_m`[dVmam~amo~aM Os [dbjU
bdMsH$Vm XmI[dbs, `m_wio AOyZhs `mMm
^md dmT>Vmo Amho. "[g{hbm`PoeZ'bm Oohm
[dkmZ-VkmZmMo n[a_mU bm^bo Am[U
AYeVH$mV H$m`wQ>a, _mo~mBbMo gmH$[VH$
Xm[JZo `m~amo~a Ambo, VohmnmgyZ ^mfoZo "$mQ>_
On' KoVbs Amho. OJmV`m gd ^mfmMo _yi VoM
am[hbo Var Am[dH$ma AmVm PnmQ>mZo ~XbV
OmUma AmhoV. EH$mM [nT>sV XmoZ gmH$[VH$-

^m[fH$ OsdZebs V`ma hmoUma AmhoV. AmUIs

25-30 dfmZs kmZodarnmgyZ Vo _T}>H$amn`V gd
"go\$ dm bmH$g'_`o OmUma Amho. hUOo EH$m
dJmbm `m~b AmWm, AmXa, lm amhsb. nU,
`mMm [dVma IwQ>Uma Amho.
[deof hUOo gdmXmMs ^mfm _amR>s dm q{be
(hUOo _amR>s A[YH$ B{be) Agob; nU,
gm[h`-H$bm-[dkmZ-VkmZ `mMs ^mfm BJOsM
hmoV OmBb. _s[S>`mbm Va VmaodMs H$gaVM H$amds
bmJUma Amho. `mbm "BQo>bo`wAb [S>gH$mog'
[H$dm dMm[aH$ MMm hUVmV, `m [ZIi _amR>s dm

~Jmbs dm H$S> ^mfoV Ae` hmoV OmUma AmhoV.

H$maU, Vem MMmgmR>s Amd`H$ Vs "[bdm \$H$m'
hUOo n[a^mfm AmVm BJOsV hmoV OmUma.
gmh[OH$M OmO ~ZmS> em `m`m ^mfoV
gmJm`Mo Va g_mOmV MS> ^m[fH$ [df_Vm Am[U
n`m`mZo _mUgm_`o [b{d{Q>H$ {H$Pmo\o$[Z`m
hUOo ^m[fH$ Xw^JbonU `oUma Amho. _s[S>`mbm,
[deofV: Q>shs MZgZm `m Xw^JbonUmda _mV
H$a`mgmR>s ojH$m`m AmH$bZe$sMm b.gm.[d.
H$mT>V Q>sAmans gm^mimdm bmJUma Amho. Agm
bKwm_ gmYmaU [d^m` EH$m ~mOybm Am[U
~hw^m[fH$ gw[dYm d Am[WH$ {WVs Agbobm
_hm_ gmYmaU [d^mOH$ (_.gm.[d.) Xwg`m
~mOybm Aes g_mOmMs Am[U gm[h`mMs
[d^mJUs hmoV OmUma Amho.
g`m _amR>s dm H$moUVs ^maVs` ^mfm [dVmaVo
Amho? ^mfoMo d^d, `mVsb gmX`, `mVsb
[dMma Am[U `mMs ^md Q>mH$`mMs j_Vm Ho$di
eXg`oda Adb~yZ Zmhs, `m `m g_mOmMm
gmd[H$ AZw^d, `m g_mOmVsb `$tMs Pon,
g_mOmVsb [dkmZ Am[U EHy$UM dMm[aH$Vm `mda
`m `m ^mfoVsb gm_` d g_s Adb~yZ Amho.
"kmZodar', "VwH$mam_mMs JmWm', "Xmg~mooY' ho
Mmaeo Vo gmVeo df} `m`m Omoamda [Q>Hy$Z am[hbo.
_T}>H$a 60 df} [Q>Hy$Z AmhoV Am[U S>m. X.[^.
Hw$bH$UvZm "AZ`Vm _T}>H$amMs'gmaIm
[dMmagn JW AmO [g H$amdmgm dmQ>Vmo.
[dO`m amOm`jmZm `mMo _T}>H$am~bMo gemoYZ
MmbyM Ro>dmdogo dmQ>Vo. `md$Z `mVsb dMm[aH$
VmH$X bImV `oVo.
naVw, _wm hm Amho H$s, 50 dfmV (_w`V: 30
dfmV) hUOo _hmamQ> WmnZ Pm`mZVa _amR>s
gm[h`-H$bmgQ>sZo H$moUVo H$ig _amR>s
gmH$[VH$Voda MT>[dbo?
nH$m[aVmM `m gmH$[VH$Vobm [demb Am[U
J^ ~Zdy eH$Vo. H$maU, nH$ma hm [ZdoXH$ Amho
Am[U A`mgH$hs; a[gH$ Am[U g_sjH$hs;
B[VhmgmMm g_wdmgs Am[U ^[d`mH$So> nmhUmam
g_H$mbsZ Q>mhs. naVw, ho g_O`mgmR>s [H$dm Vs
^y[_H$m dR>[d`mgmR>s `mZ gdH$f dmMZmMs JaO
Amho. AmdS>M Zgob, [Okmgm Zgob, OJmbm Vo
gmJ`mMs AmM Zgob Va nH$m[aVonojm BVa Iyn
`dgm` AmhoV- Vo H$amdo. nH$ma "gdk' ZgVmo;
nU, `mbm "gdk'Vo~b H$VkVm _m hds VaM
Vmo dmMH$mbm kmZ Am[U AmZX XoD$ eHo$b.
gnH$ : 9821524131
B-ob : ketkarkumar@gmail.com

Jo

Am_emoYmMm gmonm _mJ

bs Mmisg df} Var _s doJdoJ`m

H$maMs nwVHo$ dmMVmo`. `mV`m
AZoH$ nwVH$mMm AWmV _m`mda
MmJbm ^md nS>bm Amho. m nwVH$mMs ZwgVs
`mXs H$$ hQ>b Var XmoZ-VsZ _moR>s a[OQ>a ^$Z
OmVsb. nU, _bm dmQ>V `m gJ`m nwVH$mda _s
~mobmd Aes Hw$UmMsM Anojm ZgUma. _bm Os
nwVH$ gVV Odi ~miJmdses dmQ>VmV
`m`mH$So> Amnb `mZ AmH$[fV H$amd Ag _bm
dmQ>V.
VwV [df`mMm [dMma H$am`Mm hQ>b Va XmoZ
Qw>bm`m _Ymo_Y AmnQ>`mgmaI hmoUma Amho.
EH$ Qw>b [gmVmM Amho. nwVH$mMm ^md nS>Vmo
hUOo Zo_H$ H$m` hmoV? A_wH$ EH$ nwVH$
dmM`mda Amn`mda ^md nS>Vmo hUOo
Amn`m `{$_dmV Am_ybmJ n[adVZ hmoV H$m?
Xwga Ag H$s _bm _hdmM dmQ>bob nwVH$ BVa
Hw$Umbm [VVH$M _hdmM dmQ>`mMs gwVam_
e`Vm Zmhs. m JmoQ>sMm [dMma AmnU Oam
doJ`m AJmZ H$$.
_s _hm_m JmYtM "g`mMo `moJ' dmM`mda
_bm H$ib H$s `m`mda a{H$Z`m "AZ Qy> X
bmQ' `m nwVH$mMm Iyn Imobda ^md nS>bm
hmoVm. nYam df} ZmZm IQ>nQ>s H$$Z _s a{H$ZM
nwVH$ [_idyZ Vo dmMb. Z_nUmZ gmJVmo _mPs
Kmoa [Zamem Pmbs. naVw, `m AZw^dmVyZ _bm EH$
JmoQ> bjmV Ambs Vs Aes H$s Vwhmbm nwVH$
H$m` gmJV `mnojmhs Vwhs Hw$R>bs _Z:{WVs KoD$Z
nwVH$mH$S> OmVm hsM ~m~ A[YH$ _m[bH$ AgVo.
hUyZ _mPs Aes n$s Ims Amho H$s nwVH$
dmMU hs EH$ gOZesb H$Vs Amho.
gJio Wmoa boIH$ Amn`m boIZmV ^anya
[aH$m_m AdH$me Ro>dVmV. Amn`m H$nZme$sZ
dmMH$mZ hm AdH$me ^am`Mm AgVmo. `m_wi
XyaXeZ [H$dm [MnQ> m _m`_mZm \$ma _`mXm
AmhoV Ag _bm Zoh_sM OmUdV. H$maU, _m`m
H$nZme$sbm _moH$isH$ Xo`mAmYsM gd JmoQ>s
_m`mg_moa _yV d$nmV [Xgy bmJVmV. _s
Hw$PZogmh Am[U bmaog Am[b{h`m `m XmoKmMm
"hboQ>' nm[hbm Amho. nU, _s Vwhmbm AmdOyZ
gmJVmo H$s _mPm hboQ> BVa H$moUm`mhs hboQ>
nojm [ZVmV gwXa Amho. H$maU, nQ> Amho.
eogns`aM ZmQ>H$ dmMVmZm _s _m`m H$nZoZ
_mPm "hboQ>' KmVbm Amho. Hw$R>bmhs boIH$ Wmoa,
H$Xm[MV `m_wiM Wmoa R>aVmo H$s Vmo n`oH$

dmMH$mM boIH$mVM $nmVa H$aVmo Am[U

dmMH$m`m H$nZm-[dbmgmbm _w$ gMma H$$
XoVmo. Vwhs Hw$R>`mhs nwVH$mV nyUnUo JwVyZ OmV
Zmhs Vmon`V Vwhs go dmMH$ hmoV Zmhs. Am[U
Vwhs go dmMH$ hmoV Zmhs Vmon`V nwVH$ nyUnUo
nwVH$ hmoV Zmhs. dmMZ hs Xwhoar [H$`m Amho.

adt [H$~hwZo
dmMZmb`m`m H$nmQ>mV AmIsd aoIsd
~mYUsMo H$mJX AgVmV. Vwhs `mZm hmVs KoD$Z
dmMy bmJbmV H$s _JM nwVH$mMm O_ hmoVmo.
nwVH$m`m O_mgmR>s Ogm boIH$ Amd`H$
AgVmo Vgm [H$~hwZm Oam OmVsMm dmMH$hs
Amd`H$ AgVmo.

_. \w$`m`m boIZm~amo~aM S>m.

Am~oS>H$am`m "AZm`[hboeZ Am\$ H$mQ>' `m
nwVH$mMm _m`mda _moR>mM ^md nS>bm. nman[aH$
nVsZ [dMma H$aUmao `m boIZmbm H$Xm[MV
nwVH$ Ag Zmd XoUma ZmhsV. `m [Z~YmM d$n
_ybJm_s gemoYZ H$aUm`m [deof emoY[Z~YmM
Amho. naVw, Agbo _V^oX Xw`_ XOmMo Am[U
bwQw>nwQ>sMo R>aVmV. S>m. Am~oS>H$am`m boIZmZ
Amn`m g_mOmH$S> Z`mZ ~K`mMs j_Vm _bm
[_idyZ [Xbs. nwVH$mMm ^md nS>Vmo `mMm EH$
AW Agm H$s, dmMZmnyduM Vw_M `{$_d Am[U
dmMZmZVaM Vw_M `{$_d `mV _yb^yV V\$mdV
OmUdV AgVo. _s dV:bm \$ma ^m`dmZ g_OVmo
H$s _bm \$ma MmJbo [_ [_imbo Am[U \$ma MmJbo

[ejH$hs [_imbo. `m`m_wi _bm hds VodT>s

MmJbs MmJbs nwVH$ dmMm`bm [_imbs BVH$s
H$s ZVa _s dV: Cm_mom_ nwVH$mMs [ZdS>
H$a`mV Va~oO hmoV Jobmo.
_mPo [_ S>m. gm[XH$ _bm ls. BVOma hwgoZ
`m`m H$Wm dmMyZ XmIdm`Mo. (_bm CXy dmMVm
`oV Zmhs.) _s AmO R>m_nUo Ag hUy eH$Vmo H$s
`m`m Vm|Sy>Z hwgoZ `m`m H$Wm _s EoH$`m Zg`m
Va _mPs A[^Ms Xw~is am[hbs AgVs. H$Xm[MV
_s nmMm` gm[h`mVsb VWmH$[WV "_[OH$
[aA[bP_'`m dmhmZo \$maM ^m[dV Pmbmo
AgVmo. _bm BVOma hwgoZ _mhsV hmoVo; naVw,
nmMm`mZm `mM boIZ R>mD$H$ ZhV. BVOma
hwgoZ ^maVs` CnIS>mVsb gJ`m gmH$[VH$,
gm[h{`H$ nanamMm AH$ A`V ghOVoZo `$
H$aVmV. dmV[dH$, Zm`mZ Vo "_[OH$
[aA[bP_'Mo ImnanUOmo~m bmJVmV. AgM
H$mhsg _go m boIH$m~bhs hUVm `oBb.
XmoKohs dV ~m`mMo boIH$ Agbo Varhs. _mPs
EH$Xm Aa[dX H$Um _hmom `m H$dsMs ^oQ> Pmbs.
_s `mZm hUmbmo H$s, _s Vw_`m H$[dVm AmdS>sZ
dmMVmo. `m MmJ`m AmhoV; nU, `mVbm XwXdmMm
^mJ Agm H$s _s [ejH$ Amho `m_wio Vw_`m
H$[dVm _bm [eH$dm`m bmJVmV. AWmV, Vo
IiIiyZ hgbo. _bm Cm g_Om eog[n`a
^oQ>bmM Va `mbm Var _s `m[edm` Xwga H$m`
gmJUma? Ia gmJm`M Va _bm ^m[dV H$aUma
`oH$ nwVH$ _m`mg_moa OsdZmV`m AJ[UV
e`Vm C^ H$aV.
gm{VH$ nmVisda ~hwVoH$Xm [\$eZ H${nV
a[MV/H$` ho \$Q>-V` `m`m [damoYmV _mS>b
OmV. V` (\$Q>) [H$dm g` [H$dm dmVd
([aA[bQ>s) Zmd [H$dm Hw$R>bshs nm[a^m{fH$
eXmdbs dmnam. _bm hboQ> dmM`mZVa EH$
_wm gwMbm. AmnU "hboQ>' EH$ H$maMs hoaH$Wm
hUyZhs dmMy eH$Vmo. H$maU, Amn`m ~mnm`m
_maoH$`mMm emoY Va hboQ>bm `m`Mm AgVmoM.
_maoH$`mM V` emoYyZ H$mT>`mgmR>s hboQ> EH$m
AWmZo da[MV XsK [\$eZMmM Cn`moJ H$aVmo.
H$Xm[MV H${nV hoM V`mn`V, g`mn`V
nmohmoM`mM Imsbm`H$ gmYZ Agmd. _mZds
gdoXZmZm OmUdUma dVwJV OJ gmoS>b Va AmnU
`mbm V`, g` [H$dm dmVd hUVmo Vo H${nV
[H$dm n`m`mZ [\$eZM hUV Zmhs H$m`?
V`mn`V Om`mMm gJ`mV ge$ n[dm

OyZ-Owb 2011

21

[\$eZM Agmdm.
_mH$P Amn`m EH$m _wbmIVsV hUmbm hmoVm
H$s, _m`m boIZmM dUZ Vwhs H$ghs H$am. `mbm
_[OH$ [aA[bP_ hUm H$s \$Q>gs. naVw, _s
Hw$R>`mhs boIH$mgmaIm qH$dm H$bmdVmgmaIm
dmVdm`mM ([aA[bQ>s )emoYmV AgVmo. dmVd
dmVd hUVmV Vo eodQ>s Amho Var H$m`? Hw$R>bhs
MmJb, XO}Xma, Wmoa nwVH$ Vwhmbm dmVdm`m
emoYmbm hmV^ma bmdV AgV. hUyZ _s Ag
hU`mM YmS>g H$arZ H$s nwVH$ dmMU Am[U
`m`m ^mdm~b ~mobU hm dV:bm
emoY`mMmM EH$ gj_ `Z AgVmo. _bm Ag
hUm`M` H$s, _s Jobs [H$`oH$ df} nwVH$
dmMVmoM Amho. H$maU, _s H$moU Amho Am[U H$gm ho
OmUyZ Ko`mMm Xwgam Hw$R>bmhs _mJ _bm [XgV
Zmhs. _bm dmQ>V nwVH$ dmMU hm Am_emoYmMm
gJ`mV gmonm Am[U OdiMm _mJ Amho. AZw^d
[eH$dVmo; naVw, AZw^dmZ [_iUma [ejU
gJ`mV _hmJS> Amho. ImgJs [ejU gWonojmhs
_hmJ! _mPm AZw^d _m`m OsdZm`m
n[a{WVs_wi A`V _`m[XV AgVmo. Vmo ~hwe:
d`{$H$ d$nmMmhs AgVmo. `mCbQ> Wmoa boIH$
_m`mg_moa AZw^dmMs, OsdZmV`m e`VmMs
[H$VsVar XmbZ Iwbs H$aVmo. `m AWmZo EH$m
nwVH$m`m dmMZmMm ^md IaVa Amn`mbm
Xwgar Ag` nwVH$ dmMm`bm Cw$ H$aVmo.
`mgmR>s EH$ N>moQ>g CXmhaU XoVmoeog[n`a`m "[aMS> X WS>' `m ZmQ>H$mVbm
EH$ gJ Amho. Amn`m ^mdmMm IyZ H$$Z
Hw$~S>m, Hw$$n [aMS>, amOm Pmbobm Amho. gJ _V
amOm`m ed`moMm Amho. Zdm amOm [aMS> WS> `m
`moV gm_sb Amho. [dYdm amUs AZnU Cn{WV
Amho. Zo_`m `mM dois [aMS> [dYdm AZbm
bmMs _mJUs KmbVmo. ho dmMVmZm _bm Y$m Va
~gbmM; nU, WmoS>m [dMma Ho$`mda dmQ>b H$s
Xwgao AZoH$ MmJbo boIH$hs Agm gJ XmIdy
eH$Vsb. naVw, Ia AmM` Am[U Y$m ~gbm Vmo
m JmoQ>sZ H$s, `m ed`moV [dYdm amUs [aMS>Ms
_mJUs _m` H$aVo. _bm dmQ>V Ag \$$
eog[n`aM [M[V H$$ eH$Vmo. H$Xm[MV
Zd`m`m _`ynojm [H$dm [dYdm hUyZ
OJ`mnojm gmoMm _moh A[YH$ ~bdma Agmdm.
[H$dm Aghs hUVm `oBb H$s Am`w`mV KS>bo`m
gJmZs Am[U AZw^dmZs amUs AZ Ag`m
[H$aH$moi [dMmam`m nma nbsH$So> [ZKyZ Jobobs
Agmds. B[Vhmg Amnbm X~X~m Agm H$mhs
[Z_mU H$aVmo H$s _mZds ^md^mdZm, [dMma Am[U
_y`o A[Vjw R>aVmV. [dYdm Am[lV hUyZ OJU

22

OyZ-Owb 2011

H$m` [H$dm Zd`m`m _maoH$`m~amo~a Z`mZ

ggma WmQ>U H$m`, gJiM [ZaWH$ R>aV.
hUyZ _bm H$m`_ Ag dmQ>V Amb` H$s
gm[h`mM AmH$bZ ZsQ>nUo hmo`mgmR>s
[~Zgm[h{`H$ nwVH$hs _moR>m _mUmV dmMU
JaOoM Amho. _mPm EH$ [_ gm[h`m`m
^mfmVamg~Ys hUVmo H$s, gm[h`H$VsM Cm_
^mfmVa H$a`mgmR>s [~Zgm[h{`H$ nwVH$
dmMbsM nm[hOoV. gm[h`m`m AmH$bZm~m~Vhs
hoM _V bmJy nS>V. B[Vhmg, VdkmZ, [dkmZ
B`mXs [d[dY emImMs nwVH$ dmMU A[Ve`

CnH$maH$ R>aV. _bm ^m[dV H$aUm`m EH$mM

nwVH$mMm CoI H$am, Agm AmJhM Ho$bm Va _s
"Aao[~`Z ZmBQ>g'Mm (EH$ hOma EH$ ams)Mm
CoI H$arZ. m H$WmMs gwdmVM [dMma
H$a`mgmaIs Amho. gwXa amOH$`m ehmaOXMm
gH$mis [eaNo>X hmoUma AgVmo. am^a Vs amOmbm
JmoQ> gmJVo. [VM H$WZ BVH$ H$me`nyU AgV H$s
amOmMs H$Wm EoH$`mMs CH$R>m dmT>VM OmVo. nwTo>
H$m` hmoUma ho gmJVm gmJVm nhmQ> hmoVo. amOmbm Va
nwT>Ms JmoQ> EoH$m`Ms AgVo; nU, H$Wm Va Xwg`m
amsM gm[JVbs OmUma AgVo. amOH$`oMm
[eaNo>X Q>iVmo. H$WZ Zoh_sM _`yMm [damoY H$aV
Am[U OsdZmMs, OJ`mMs ~mOy KoV. `m AWmZo
Hw$R>bhs boIZ OsdZmMs ~mOy KoV. hUyZ Hw$R>bmhs
boIH$ OsdZmda o_ H$am`bm mogmhZ XoVmo Vmo
Amn`m gdmZmM ^m[dV H$arV AgVmo. hUyZ
boIH$mMs b~sMmS>s `mXs Xo`mMs H$mhsM JaO
Zmhs. _m`m [nT>sV`m BVa dmMH$m_mUo _s Jgo,
gmd, H$m_y, H$m\$m ho boIH$ dmMbo. `m`m
boIZmZ Iyn ^m[dV Pmbmo. `m gdmnojm _m`mda
XmVmo`hH$sMm ^md A[YH$ Amho ho _s _m`

H$aVmo. XmVo`hH$sMm "S>s_ Am\$ X [H$_a \o$bmo'

Aes EH$ N>moQ>ses JmoQ>! `mVbm Zm`H$ JmoQ>s`m
eodQ>s hUVmo, bmB\$ BO JoQ>a XZ Amb [\$bmg\$s
Am\$ bmB\$ _mUyg dm^m[dH$nUoM OsdZ g_Omdo
hUyZ VdkmZ aMVmo; naVw, OsdZ `m
VdkmZm_H$ aMZoVyZ g\$mBXmanUmZ [ZgQ>V.
OJVm `oU OJ`m`m VdkmZmnojm loR> Amho.
[d[dY AZw^dmZm gm_moa OmU _mZds e`VmZm
gm_mdyZ KoVm `oU, Amnbm OJmH$So> nmh`mMm
{Q>H$moZ A[YH$m[YH$ [ZH$mon, CXma Am[U Iwbm,
g_mdoeH$ AgU hmM I`m AWmZo Wmoa nwVH$mMm
^md Agy eH$Vmo.
_s BJOs gm[h` [eH$bmo Am[U [eH$db.
`mV _mPmhs EH$ dmW hmoVm. BJOsda nwaog ^wd
`m_wio _bm [_idVm Amb. `m_wio BJOsV
CnbY Agbob OJmV`m BVa ^mfmVb
Cm_mom_ Am[U XO}Xma gm[h` _bm dmMVm Amb.
gm_m`dmXmZo nN>mS>bo`m BJOs gm[h`m`m
_`mXmhs `m_wi bjmV Am`m. ~Q>mS> agob
BVH$mM [H$~hwZm `m`mnojmhs H$mhsgm Wmoa
Agbobm Ama. S>`y. ~s. S>y~m [gsnmgyZ
d[MV H$m am[hbm Vohs bjmV Amb. A_o[aH$Z
gm[h` dmM`mda H$U-dUu`mM Am[U OJmVsb
d[MVmM EHy$UM gm[h` dmM`mda B[Vhmg
Z`mZ g_OyZ Ko`mMs Amd`H$Vm bjmV Ambs.
hm ^md H$mhs Xwb[j`mgmaIm ZmhsM. gm[h`
dmMU [H$dm EH$Xa dmMZ hs _ybV: EH$ kmZm_H$
[H$`m Amho Am[U hs [H$`m AVhsZ Amho.
Vw_`mda ^md nmS>Uma nwVH$ Vwhmbm ZdZdsZ
nwVH$ emoYm`bm ^mJ nmS>V. dmV[dH$, Hw$R>bmhs
boIH$ dmMH$mZm ^m[dV H$a`mgmR>s [bhsV
ZgVmo. Amn`m AmV[aH$ JaOonmoQ>s Vmo Amnbm
[ddmH$So> ~K`mMm {Q>H$moZ `$ H$aVmo.
A[V_V: ^mdmnojm `m [dd~moYmn`V nmohmoMVm
`oU hoM dmMZgH$VsM Ia C[Q> hUVm `oBb.
_m`m ZmXoS>_Y`m EH$m [_mOdi Iyn hUOo
EH$ H$nmQ>^a [nd`m doQ>ZmVsb (nmoZm}) nwVH$
hmoVs. _s Vshs dmMbs. AZoH$ hoaH$Wmhs dmM`m.
_s hs nwVH$ dmMbs ZgVs Va _bm S>s.EM.
bmaog, hoar [_ba `mMs d[eQ>o H$ibs ZgVs.
hoaH$Wm dmM`m Zg`m Va XmVohH$sM "H$mB_
AS> n[ae_|Q>' [H$dm Jh_ JsZM "A JZ \$ma
gob' ZsQ>nUmZo H$ibo ZgVo. dmMZmMm Cn`moJ
hUyM naV naV dmMZmgmR>sM Am[U gdH$f
AmH$bZmgmR>sM hmoV AgVmo.
(amR>dmS>m gm{h` n[afXo `"dmMZdoY'YyZ
gm^ma)
gnH$ : 9637058132

[_

kmZ[ddmV \o$a\$Q>H$m

hmo,
nwVH$ Amn`mbm kmZ XoVmV, ho
gdkmV Amho. _s Vwhmbm Agm gJ
gmJUma Amho, `mV EH$m nwVH$mZ
_m`m OsdZmVsb AmUs~mUs`m gJs _bm
[_m_mUo _XV Ho$bs. ~hwYm 1955Mm Vmo [S>g|~a
_[hZm Agmdm. _s MoBV`m _mg B{Q>Q>yQ>
Am\$ Qo>ZmbmOs`m Xwg`m dfmV hmoVmo. gw>sMo
[Xdg hmoVo. gd ghA`m`s Amnmn`m Jmds Jobo
hmoVo. _mPm EH$ [df` H$m hmoVm. `mMm A`mg
H$a`mgmR>s _s _mJo Wm~bmo hmoVmo. EH$ [Xdg _bm
\$moZ Ambm. _mPo O_Jmd am_oda_bm
MH$sdmXimMm VS>mIm ~gbm hmoVm hUyZ _m`m
AmBd[S>bmZs _bm Vm~S>Vmo~ ^oQ>m`bm ~mobmdb
hmoV.
_[hZm AIoa Ag`mZ _m`mH$So> ngo ZhVo.
AmB-dS>sb ngo nmR>dy eH$V ZhVo. _m`mH$So>
EH$M Xm[JZm
hmoVm. "X [WAar Am\$
Bbm{Q>[gQ>s'- E_Am`Q>s`m `dWmnZ g[_VsMo
A`j S>m. b_Udm_s _wX[b`ma `mZs _bm ^oQ>
[Xbob, [V_moeoH$mo Am[U JwS>s`a `mZs [b[hbob
nwVH$. `mMs [H$_V hmoVs n`o 400/-.
EamoS>m`Zm[_g `m [df`mV mds`
[_i[d`m~b _bm [_imbob Vo ~jsg hmoV. _s
[ZU` KoVbm, ho nwVH$ [dHy$Z dmg ^mSo>
[_idm`Mo. _bm hdo hmoVo \$$ 60 n`o.
`m dois _ya `oWsb ~mOmamV Zds-OwZs nwVH$
_m\$H$ [H$_VsV [_iV AgV. "bmBQ> \$m_ _oZs
bng' ho OwZ nwVH$ _s [VW Ad`m 20 n`mV
KoVb hmoV. ho nwVH$ [dH$V KoVbo`m XwH$mZmVM
_s Jobmo. nman[aH$ nohamdmV dmdaUm`m EH$m
gOZ ~mU _mUgmM Vo XwH$mZ hmoV. _s `mZm "X
[WAar Am\$ Bbm{Q>[gQ>s' ho nwVH$ [dH$V
Ko`mMs [dZVs Ho$bs. `mZm gd h[H$H$V
gm[JVbs.
_bm [H$Vs ngo hdoV, Ag `mZs [dMmab. _s
hQ>b, 60 n`o. `mZs nwVH$ nm[hb AZ
hUmbo, ""nwVH$ _s [dH$V KoD$ eH$V Zmhs,
H$maU Vo nwVH$ Vwhmbm ~jsg hUyZ Xo`mV
Amb Amho.'' _mPm Moham [ha_wgbm. nU, Vo _bm
ngo m`bm V`ma Pmbo. _s KoVbobo ngo `mZm naV
H$aon`V nwVH$ `m`mH$So> amhUma hmoV. _bm ngo
[_imbo. _s am_oda_bm Jobmo. MH$sdmXimM
VmS>d ^`mZH$ hmoV. AmB-d[S>bmZm ^oQy>Z _mJo
[\$abmo Vo nwVH$ naV Ko`m`m [dMmamZoM.

Amnb hadbob _yb naV [_im`mda AmBbm

hmoUm`m AmZXmMm `` _bm Ambm _s nwVH$
naV [_idb Vohm!
H$mhs nwVH$ Amn`m AmYs O_bobs
AgVmV. Vs O_^a Amn`mbm _mJXeZ H$aVmV.
Am[U `oUm`m [nT>mZmhs. _ya`m Ow`m
nwVH$mVyZ 1953_`o [dH$V KoVbob dmQ>gZ
Am[U [bbs`Z Bba `mZs gnm[XV Ho$bob "bmBQ>
\$m_ _oZs bng' ho nwVH$ nmM XeH$mhyZ A[YH$
H$mi _mPm OsdbJ gIm Am[U ghH$mar ~Zb
Amho. _s BV`m doim Vo dmMb` H$s, `mMs nwZ:
nwhm ~mYUs H$$Z `mds bmJbs. gH$Q>g_`s `m
nwVH$mZ _mPo Aly nwgbo AmhoV. hoM nwVH$ _bm
nwhm O[_Zsda AmUV. `m`XmZ jomV`m _m`m
EH$m [_mZo `m nwVH$mMs Zds H$moar Amdms
2004_`o _bm ^oQ> [Xbs. Vohm `m nwVH$mM
_mob _bm nwhm EH$Xm OmUdb. H$Xm[MV nmg
dfmZVa hoM nwVH$ Zdm AdVma YmaU H$arb.
Xoe^amVsb _m`m ^oQ>sXa`mZ `wdH$mH$Sy>Z
_bm Zoh_s Z [dMmabo OmVmV, Hw$R>bs nwVH$
Vw_Mo gmo~Vs AmhoV? g`m Vwhs H$moUV nwVH$
dmMV AmhmV? _s `mZm gmJVmo H$s, _bm EImm
nwVH$mVsb H$mhs R>amdrH$ ^mJ dmMm`bm
AmdS>Vmo. _mPs gdm[YH$ AmdS>Vs AZoH$ nwVHo$
AmhoV. S>m. Abo{gg H$aob `mM "_Z X AZZmoZ'
ho `mVsb EH$. H$aob ho EH$ Vdk S>mQ>a AmhoV.
Vo Zmo~ob [dOoVohs AmhoV. _Z Am[U eara `mMm
EH$[Var`m [dMma H$am`bm hdm, `mda `m
nwVH$mV `mZs ^a [Xbm`. EH$mda CnMma H$aVmZm
Xwg`mbm Vwhs Xwb[jV H$$ eH$V Zmhs, Ago
`mMo _V Amho.
S>mQ>a qH$dm Amamo` jomVsb Vk hmoD$
B{N>Um`mZs ho nwVH$ Ad` dmMmd. _mZds
eara hs EH$ `m[H$ `dWm ZgyZ Vmo EH$
gdoXZesb Osd Amho. _mZds eara hUOo
_mZgem Am[U earaem `mMm gwXa [_bm\$
Amho. amQ>s`, mXo[eH$ Am[U Ym[_H$ gs_m`m
nbrH$So> ZoUma Ag "[WHw$ab' ho AmUIs EH$
gwXa nwVH$ _mP A`V AmdS>V Amho. [Wdda
`mZs `mV Cm_ AmMmag[hVm gm[JVbs Amho.
_s AZoH$ boIH$mZm ^oQ>V AgVmo. `m`mgmo~V
nwVH$ boIZm~b`m AZw^dmMs d kmZmMs
XodmUKodmU H$aVmo. hmdS> JmS>Za `mM "\$mBh
_mBS>g Am\$ X `wMa', Q>shZ Ama. H$mho Am[U
So>{hS> Ho$ hM `mM "Ehar So> JoQ>Zog', Os

d|H$Q>am_Z `mM "_m`H$moH$mP_ Qy> _H$moH$mP_',

OmO AmoeohH$s `mM "AS>aQ>[S>J X [OZmo_'
Am[U [_[H$Amo H$mHy$ `mM "nabb dS>' hr
AmUIs H$mhs nwVHo$ `mZs _mP bj doYyZ
KoVb`. `mVsb ~arMes nwVH$ Amn`mbm
dmVdXeZ, H$nZme$s, AZw^d Am[U [ddoMZ
`mmao kmZ[ddmV \o$a\$Q>H$m H$adyZ AmUVmV.
_mZds OsdZmV boIH$ _hdmMs ^y[_H$m
~OmdVmV. EH$ MmJb nwVH$ AZoH$ [nT>mgmR>s
A_y` kmZgmR>m d gnms AgV. H$mhs doim
nwVH$ `m`m boIH$m`m h`mVsV dmMH$mZm
\y$VuXm`H$ R>aV ZmhsV; _m, H$mhs [nT>mZVa
Aem nwVH$mMm gXoe A[YH$m[YH$ nQ> hmoV
OmVmo Am[U `mM _mob OmUdy bmJV, Va H$mhs
A[^OmV gm[h`H$Vs gXd bmoH$[` amhVmV.
nwVH$m`m ghdmgmV _bm Zoh_sM kmZm~amo~a
AmZXhs [_imbm`. _m`m KamV gw_mao 50 hOma
nwVH$mM gJhmb` Amho. A`m_, [dkmZ,
emgZ, B[Vhmg, ^yJmob, `dWmnZ Am[U
dmL>_` Aem [d[dY [df`mMm `mV g_mdoe
Amho. _mP JWgJhmb` hs _mPs gdmV _m`dmZ
Ro>d Amho; Am[U `oWo `VrV Ho$bobm `oH$ jU
gdmV _mOoMm d g_mYmZmMm Amho.
Vm[_iZmSy>_Ysb BamoX `oWo ^abo`m nwVH$
nT>arMm [Xdg _bm AmR>dVmo`, 11 AmJQ>
2009. gw_mao XmoZ bmI bmoH$ VoWo O_bo hmoVo.
VU, d, [ejH$, ZoVo Aem gdM jomVsb
nwVH$ o_tMm Vmo g_wXm` nmhyZ _s W$ Pmbmo.
doJdoJ`m [nT>mZm EH$ Ambob nmhyZ _s `mZm
enW Xod[dbs. gdmZs _moR>m CgmhmV Vs KoVbs.
Vs enW Aes :
_s AmOnmgyZ _m`m KamV [H$_mZ 20
nwVH$mMo EH$ JWgJhmb` gw$ H$arZ. `mVsb
10 nwVHo$ _wbmgmR>s AgVsb. _mPs _wb `mV ^a
Q>mHy$Z `mMs g`m 200 da ZoVsb. _mPs ZmVdS>
`mV AmUIs ^a KmbyZ Vs 2 hOma da ZoVsb. ho

OyZ-Owb 2011

23

JWgJhmb` Am_`m OsdZmMm A_y` Ro>dm,

Am_`m Hw$Q>w~mMs gnms Agob.Amhs [XdgmVbm
[H$_mZ EH$ Vmg Am_`m Hw$Q>w~r`mg_doV `m
JWgJhmb`mV `VrV H$$.
[Vkm gnVmM O_bo`m `oH$m`m Moh`mda
AmZX \w$bbobm _s nm[hbm. nwVH$m`m
XmbZm_`o bmoH$mMs Pw~S> CS>mbs. Vmgm^amV
~hwVoH$ nwVHo$ [dH$bs Jobs. _bm Ims Amho H$s,
gm[h` AH$mX_sMs nwaH$mam nwVHo$ Amn`m
KamVsb JWgJhmb`mMs emo^m dmT>dVsb Am[U
^maVs` `wdH$mMs _Zo n[adVuV H$$Z _hmZ
[dmZ, _hmZ A[^`Vo, _hmZ emk, _hmZ Jw$,
_hmZ boIH$ Am[U _hmZ ZoVo [Z_mU H$aVsb.
Jo`m XeH$mV Xoem`m Jm_sU VgoM ZmJar
^mJmVsb, OJmVsb [dH$[gV Am[U [dH$gZesb
^mJmVsb EH$ H$moQ>shyZ A[YH$ ~mbHo$ Am[U
`wdH$ `mZm _s ^oQ>bmo Amho. _bm dmQ>V` H$s `m
^y_sdarb, `m ^yVbmdarb gdmV e{$embs moV
hm VUmMs oaH$ _Z hmM Amho. `wdH$m_Ybs D$Om
Am[U Cgmh AZw^ds bmoH$mZm OsdZmMs Zds Q>s
XoVmo Am[U O~m~XmarMs OmUsd [Z_mU H$aVmo.

EH$ JmoQ> _m`m [ZXeZmg Ambs Amho Vs hs

H$s, [d[dY amQ>mVsb _wbo nanamZm Oohm ^oQ>VmV
Vohm, nwVHo$ `mZm EH$_oH$mMs AmoiI H$$Z
XoVmV, `mZm nanames OmoS>VmV. d{dH$ _wo
Am[U gyo hmVmi`mMm _hdmH$mjs [Q>H$moZ
AgUmao boIH$M Aes nwVHo$ [bhy eH$VmV.
OsdZm`m [d[dY jomV Amnbm doJim R>gm
C_Q>[dbo`m _hmZw^mdm`m ~mbbsbm`m
nVt`m A`mgmZo _s o[aV Pmbmo Amho.
~mbH$m`m eH$m, [dMmamZm MmbZm XoUm`m
AgVmV. ho bjmV KoD$Z _s nwT>sb H$mhs gyMZm
H$aVmo
ZmJar ^mJmVsb _wbmgmR>s gJUH$s`
nwVH$m`m d$nmV kmZmoV CnbY H$$Z [Xbo
nm[hOoV. Jm_sU _wbmZm `m`m kmZmMs ^yH$
^mJ[dUmar nwVHo$ _moR>m _mUmV CnbY H$$Z
[Xbs nm[hOoV. _wbm`m AmdS>s Am[U `m`m
gOZe$tMm [dH$mg H$aVsb Aem H$maMs
AmnMm[aH$ d AZmnMm[aH$ nwVHo$ V`ma H$am`bm
hdsV.
_wb n`mdaU, Hw$Q>w~ Am[U eoOmar `m`mH$Sy>Z

Iyn H$mhs [eH$VmV. CXmhaUmW Amn`m nmbH$mZm

[H$dm [ejH$mZm dmMZ H$aVmZm nmhyZ `mZmhs
dmMZ H$amdogo dmQ>Vo. nmbH$mZs d [ejH$mZs
`m`mes nwVH$m~m~V MMm Ho$bs, Va `m`mV
dmMZmMs AmdS> Omonmgbs OmBb.
_wbmM gJmonZ kmZnyaH$ dmVmdaUmV hmoU
Amd`H$ Amho. gXmMaU, H$sS>m, ZmJar
O~m~Xmar, o_ d AmnbonUmMs dmJUyH$, _mZ[gH$
Am[U emar[aH$ CgmhdYH$ dmVmdaU `mZm
[_imd. _wbmZm Amn`m eH$m [dMma`mg
mogmhZ md. `m`m eH$mZm Cmao XoVmZm Vs
[dMmanydH$ d `m`m kmZmV ^a KmbUmar
AgmdsV, `m_wio `m`m _ZmVsb kmZmMo XadmOo
CKS>Vsb, ~X hmoUma ZmhsV...
(gm[h` AH$mX_s`m "\o${Q>hb Am\$ boQ>g'
`m dm[fH$ H$m`H$_mV 16 \o$~wdmar 2011 amoOs
^maVm`m _mOs amQ>nVtZs [Xbo`m "kmZ[ddmV
\o$a\$Q>H$m' `m`mZmMm gnm[XV Ae... gm{h`
AH$mXr`m gmO`mZo. AZwdmX : gwYra ~o 9920971913)

`wdH$ dmMVsb Va Xoe dmMob

g

`mMo eVH$ ho A[Ve` J[V_mZ AgyZ

[dkmZ-VkmZm`m jomV Pmbo`m
A\$mQ> H$mVr_wio Vo A[YH$M J[V_mZ
Pmbo Amho. kmZm`m [d[dY jomMs [j[VOo MS>
doJmZo [dVmaV AmhoV. `m H$mimgmo~V YmdVmZm
_mJo nS>`mg "AmD$Q>So>Qo>S>' hmo`mMm _moR>m YmoH$m
g_moa C^m R>mH$V Amho. H$YsH$mis KoVbobo
AmnMm[aH$ nwVH$s [ejU `m e`VsgmR>s nwaogo
R>aV Zmhs. `mVM AmO`m `wdH$mbm `m`m
_mJ`m [nT>sVsb VUmnojm A[YH$ dmMmdo
bmJVo. A[YH$ OmJ$H$ amhmdo bmJVo. `m`m
OJ`mMo gX^ Am_ybmJ ~Xbbo AmhoV. dV:bm
A`mdV Ro>dUo ho `m`m A{VdmgmR>s
A`md`H$ Amho. `m`m gm_m[OH$, amOH$s`,
gmH$[VH$, Am[WH$ AmH$mjm A[YH$ [dVmabo`m
Ag`mZo Mm\o$a dmMZ hm `mMm OJ`mMm dmg
Amho Am[U AmO`m AO|S>mdaMm gdm[YH$
H$isMm Z Zo_H$m hmM Amho.
H$m` dmMVmV AmOMo `wdH$, H$emgmR>s
dmMVmV, `mMs dmMZm_mJMs C[Q>o d oaUm
H$moU`m, dV:`m dmMZm~m~V hm `wdH$
g_mYmZs Amho H$m`, Aem gm`m ZmMs Cmao

24 OyZ-Owb 2011

emoYUo JaOoMo Amho. JV d [dH$[gV XoemV

`wdH$m`m dmMZmMm AmT>mdm [Z`[_VnUo KoVbm
OmVmo. `m~m~VMo Ahdmb [Z`[_VnUo [g hmoV
AgVmV. `wdH$m`m dmMZmMm H$b `m Xoem_`o
H$mQo>H$moanUo Vnmgbm OmD$Z `mda Jm^r`mZo
[dMma_WZ d AZwf[JH$ Cnm``moOZm hmoV AgVmV.

hoamO ~mJwb
OJmVbs [Vgar _hmgmm hmo`mMs AmH$mjm
~miJUm`m ^maVmZohs Aem H$maMo gd}jU
W_M Ho$bo Vo 2009_`o. H$moU`mhs
[dH$gZesb XoemVsb ho Aem H$maMo n[hbo
gd}jU. `mgmR>s nwT>mH$ma KoVbm Vmo "ZeZb ~wH$
Q>Q>'Zo. nwVH$mMo H$meZ d gma H$aUmar
XoemVsb hs _wI gWm. `m gWoZo `wdH$m_Ysb
dmMZdms dmT>[d`mgmR>s EH$ amQ>s` H$Vs
AmamIS>m V`ma Ho$bm. `m AmamIS>mVJV dmMZ
gd}jU H$a`mgmR>s amQ>s` Cn`mo[OV Am[WH$
gemoYZ n[afX (EZgsEBAma) `m gWoda
O~m~Xmar gmon[d`mV Ambs. XoemVsb
`wdH$m_Ysb dmMZdms, dmMZm`m gd`s,

dmMZmMm H$b AmXs AZwf[JH$ 'Bringing youth

ho `m _mo[h_oMo Kmofdm`.
`mmao 15 Vo 25 `m d`moJQ>mVsb `wdH$m_`o
dmMZdms dmT>[dUo ho `m _mo[h_oMo A[V_ `o`
hmoVo.
EZgsEBAma `m gWoZo `wdH$m`m dmMZ`mgJmMm A[Ve` gmH$`mZo nam_e KoVbm.
[bJ, d`, [ejU, ehar-Jm_sU, Y_, H$mQw>[~H$
nmd^y_s, mXo[eH$Vm, Am[WH$-gm_m[OH$
n[a{WVs Aem AZoH$ AJmZo `m gd}jUmV AMyH$
AmH$So>dmar gH$[bV H$a`mV Ambs. `m_wio
[d[dY [ZH$f H$mT>`mgmR>s gm_Js CnbY Pmbs
Amho. ^maVmV gd}jU H$mbmdYsV `wdH$mMs g`m
hmoVs Vs 45 H$moQ>s 90 bmI EdT>s. `mnH$s gmja
`wdH$ hmoVo 33 H$moQ>s 30 bmI. `mVsb dmMH$
`wdH$ \$$ 8 H$moQ>s 30 bmI. WmoS>`mV, Xoem`m
EHy$U bmoH$g`o`m 38 Q>o$ `wdH$m_`o 73 Q>o$
`wdH$ gmja AgyZ, `mnH$s 25 Q>o$ `wdH$ I`m
AWmZo dmMH$ AmhoV. hUOoM Xa Mma `wdH$m_`o
\$$ EH$M `wdH$ dmMVmo! `m JwUm_H$ VUmB`m
[Z[_VsMo AmnU dZ nmhVmo, [VMs g{WVs hs
Aes Amho. Ho$di g`m_H$ dmT> XoemgmR>s
and books closer'

ZwH$gmZsMs R>$ eH$Vo. XsKH$mbsZ `wmV `j

g[ZH$ nmogUo nadS>Vo, g`mgmo~V AgUmao ~wUJo
\$ma H$mi nmogVm `oV ZmhsV Am[U `mMs XIb Z
KoV`mg "nm[ZnVm'g gm_moao Omdo bmJVo.
dmMUm`m `m `wdH$mMs [d[dY H$-lm`
_m`_m~m~VMs A[^Ms nmhUohs _hdmMo R>aVo.
XoemVsb `wdH$mnH$s _moR>m g`oZo `wdH$ gJsV d
[MnQ>mH$So> AmH$Q> AmhoV (77 Q>o$) Va 72 Q>o$
`wdH$mZm ~mV`m d XZ[XZ KS>m_moS>t_`o ag
Amho. 59 Q>o$ `wdH$ Ym[_H$ d Am`m{_H$

Q>o$), Va CmaoH$S>sb am`o (13 Q>o$) `m_mUo

dmMH$ AgyZ Xoem`m Bem`H$S>sb am`mV ho
_mU gdmV H$_s hUOo \$$ 7 Q>o$ BVHo$ Amho.
hs AmH$So>dmar nwaoes ~mobH$s AgyZ [V`m AmYmao
Iynem ~m~s nQ> hmoVmV. [ejU-dmMZ-[dH$mg
`m JmoQ>s EH$_oH$mV JwVbo`m Ag`mMo hs
AmH$So>dmar [g H$aVo.
AdmVa dmMZmgmR>s [hXs hs gdm[YH$ ngVsMs
(33.4 Q>o$) ^mfm AgyZ, _amR>s Xwg`m
H$_mH$mda (13.2 Q>o$) Amho. `mZVa ~Jmbs

[df`m_`o Ms KoVmV Va Ho$di 35 Q>o$ `wdH$

[dkmZ d VkmZm~m~V AmdS> ~miJVmV. `m
dmMZdmhmMs R>iH$ d[eQ>o hUOo ~mV`m d
amOH$maUmH$So> VUtnojm VUmZm A[YH$ AmoT>
Amho Va \$eZ, Ym[_H$ ~m~s d A`m_mH$So>
VUtMm A[YH$ H$b Ag`mMo gd}jUmVyZ nQ>
hmoVo. `m dmMH$ gd}jUmMm gdmV _hdmMm Jm^m
Zo_H$m hmM Amho. BboQ>m[ZH$ gma _m`_m~m~V
`wdH$mMm Agbobm H$b dmn d BVa
dmMZm~m~Vhs H$m`_ AmT>iyZ Ambm Amho.
gm_m[OH$Q>m [dMma Ho$`mg XoemVsb
EHy$U 8 H$moQ>s 30 bmI dmMH$m_`o 47 Q>o$
dmMH$ ZmJar Va 53 Q>o$ dmMH$ Jm_sU ^mJmVsb
AmhoV. XoemMm [d^mJ[Zhm` [dMma Ho$`mg EHy$U
dmMH$mnH$s 24 Q>o$ dmMH$ X[jUoH$S>sb
am`mVsb AmhoV. nyd d n{M_oH$S>sb am`o
(`oH$s 22 Q>o$), _` ^maVmVsb am`o (12

(7.7 Q>o$) d BJOs (5.3 Q>o$) `m_mUo ^mfm

AmhoV. dmMZ ^mfoV _amR>s d ~JmbsMo Agbobo
AJogad ho gm_m[OH$-dMm[aH$-gmH$[VH$
jomVsb _amR>s d ~Jmbs _S>it`m JVsMoM
moVH$ Amho.
gm[h` H$mamMm [dMma H$aVm b[bV
gm[h`mMm `wdH$mda \$ma ^md Amho. 42 Q>o$
dmMH$mZm b[bV gm[h` Va 24 Q>o$ dmMH$mZm
b[bVoVa gm[h` AmdS>Vo. b[bV gm[h`mVhs
\$Q>gs, H$m[_g d A[^OmV `m_mUo ngVsMs
CVaS> Amho. b[bVoVa gm[h`mV Ym[_H$
dmL>_`mMm `wdH$mda A[YH$ ^md Amho.
`wdH$ H$m dmMVmV `mMmhs CbJS>m `m
gd}jUmV hmoVmo. 46 Q>o$ `wdH$ kmZ
dmT>[d`mgmR>s Va dmMZmVyZ AmZX
[_i[d`mgmR>s _ZmdaMm VmU hbH$m H$a`mgmR>s
20 Q>o$ `wdH$ dmMVmV. 51 Q>o$ dV:`m

dmMZm~b g_mYmZs AmhoV, Va 35 Q>o$ `wdH$mZs

Amnbo dmMZ nwaogo Zg`mMs H$~wbs [Xbs Amho.
dmMZmnmgyZ Xwamd`mMs Mma _wI H$maUo `m
gd}jUmV g_moa Ambs AmhoV. `mV dmMZmMs
AmdS> ZgUo, dmMZmgmR>s doi Z [_iUo,
BboQ>m[ZH$ gma _m`_mMm dmT>Vm ^md Am[U
nwVH$m`m Z nadS>Um`m [H$_Vs hs AmhoV. hs
{WVs ~Xb`mgmR>s `m AhdmbmV VsZ ~m~s
gwM[d`mV Am`m AmhoV. [dmWu XeoV
dmMZdms dmT>[d`mgmR>s mogmhZm_H$ `Z,
`mgmR>s emim_`o g$sMo AdmVa dmMZ,
JWmb`mMs CnbYVm AmXs `mV g_m[dQ>
AmhoV.
dmMZmMs AmdS> Agmds, Vs dmT>mds `mgmR>s
emgZ Amn`m nmVisda `Z H$arV Agbo Var
`wdH$mZs `mgmR>s dV:M H$[Q>~ Pmbo nm[hOo.
EH$mo{Ugm`m eVH$mV Pmbobs g_mOgwYmaUoMs
Midi AWdm _``wJmVsb nwZOsdZm`m
Midis `m `wdH$m`m AV:\y$VuMm Am[dH$ma
hmo`m. ^maVmVsb AmOMm `wdH$ AZoH$ AmdVZmV
gmnS>bm Amho. XdeaUVm, dmhn[VVVm,
{WVsdmXs dms, ^md[ZH$ bmQ>mda hobH$mdo
ImUmar _mZ[gH$Vm, g_yheaUVm B`mXs ~m~tZm
amoIy eH$Umao ~w[m_m` `wdH$m_`o O`mgmR>s
`mo` dmMZ hs gdmV _moR>s Cnm``moOZm Amho.
^maVs` `wdH$mV Zo_`m `mM dmMZmMm A^md
Amho. `m_wioM [d[dY Z [Z_mU Pmbo AmhoV.
~moYZmnmgyZ [H$`oH$ _b Xya Agbobs hs
VUmB `m_wioM EImm Ym[_H$ dmXmV Y_mY
e$s`m hmVmVsb XJS> hmoVo. gm_m[OH$
`m`m`m bT>mBV g_Vm[damoYs ^y[_H$m KoV
AmajU[damoYs AmXmobZ noQ>dVo. dV:`mM
Am`w`mMs [Xem R>a[d`mMs C_O ZgVmZm XoemMo
^[dV` R>a[dVo. `mVyZ [Zn H$m` hmoUma? Z`m
_ZyMm `wdH$ KS>`mgmR>s Z`m oaUmMo dmMZ hdo.
ho dmMZ \$Q>gs, H$m[_g, [Zdi _ZmoaOZm_H$
H$mX~`m `mVyZ [_iy eH$V Zmhs. `mgmR>s
b[bVoVa dMm[aH$ ~moYZH$mar nwVH$mMm ^md
`wdH$mda A[YH$ Agbm nm[hOo. `wdm _Zm`m
OS>UKS>UsgmR>s d amQ>s` Mm[a`mMm `wdH$
KS>`mgmR>s `wdH$mZs Vem oaUm XoUmao gm[h`
dmMbo nm[hOo. `wdH$ dmMVsb Va Xoe dmMob!
("ZeZb ~wH$ Q>Q>'Zo "Am[WH$ gemoYZ
n[afXo'V\}$ (EZgsEBAma) H$$Z KoVbo`m
gd}jUmda AmYm[aV boI)
gnH$ : 9226297203

OyZ-Owb 2011

25

gV gm[h`...
am`m eVH$mnmgyZ Va AR>am`m
eVH$m`m _`mn`V`m _amR>s
^mfoVsb gm[h` [Z[_Vs _w`do
gVmZs Ho$bobs Amho. kmZoda, Zm_XodmnmgyZ Va
[Zimo~m [nniZoaH$amn`V gV gm[h`mMm dmagm
EdT>m nmM eVH$m`m H$mimV ^anya g_ Pmbm
hmoVm. `mM H$mimV [deofV: _hmZw^md nWmVsb
boIH$mZs Iyn JW[Z[_Vs Ho$bs. naVw, `mMo
gm[h` gmHo$[VH$ [b`m_`o ~[XV Pm`m_wio
\$$ nWs` AZw`m`mnwaVo _`m[XV am[hbo. `mMm
EHy$U _amR>s gm[h`mda ^md nSy> eH$V Zmhs ho
_moRo> ZwH$gmZM Pmbo.
dmaH$ar gVmMo A^J Am[U Amo`m _m
OZgm_m`m`m, ~m`m~mnS>m`m AmoR>mAmoR>mVyZ
ngaV am[h`m. nT>ar, AmiXs, nR>U, Xohy B.
`m`m H|$mV dmar`m [Z[_mmZo [Vdfu `oUmao
bmImo dmaH$ar ^OZ-H$sVZm`m _m`_mVyZ gVmMo
gm[h` H$R>W H$arV. _m[IH$ nanam `m
gm[h`m`m gmam_mJsb d Vo [Q>Hy$Z amh`m_mJsb
YmZ H$maU Amho. `m gm[h`mZo _amR>s ^mfm
KS>dbs Ago hU`mV H$mhshs A[Ve`mo$s Zmhs.
`m H$mimV _wU H$bm ApVdmVM ZhVs.
`m_wio N>mnsb JWm_wio hmoUmam dmMH$m`m
g`oMm bm^ `m gm[h`mg hmoUo e`M ZhVo.
_m, hV[b[IV nmo`mMo _mU bjUs`
AmT>iVo. Xohy`m VwH$mam_ _hmamOm`m h`mVsVM
O`am_dm_s dS>JmdH$a `mZs H$mohmnya `oWo
Ho$bobs H$sVZo ~[hUm~mB [gD$aH$a `m bhmZ _wbsZo
EoH$bs, `mV O`am_ dm_s VwH$mo~mMo A^J
hUV. Vo EoHy$Z ^m[dV Pmbo`m `m _wbsbm
_hmamOmMo `j XeZ-ldU hmdo hUyZ XohyJmds
Om`Mo doY bmJbo!
EH$mo[Ugm`m eVH$m`m _`mda [~{Q>emZs
AmUbo`m N>nmB `m_wio AmYsM bmoH$[`
Agbo`m gVgm[h`mMo _wU e` Pmbo. `oWn`V
^m[dH$ _S>is Amnmn`m Jmds A^JmMs
hV[b[IVo, kmZodar`m nmo`m [g H$$Z
nT>arg ZoD$Z [d>bm`m nm`s Ro>dyZ JmdmV KoD$Z
`oV. `mMs [_adUyH$ H$mT>sV d gmh H$arV, Ago
bmoH$[hVdmXs Jmonmi har Xoe_wI `mZs Zm|X[dbo
Amho.
B.g. 1818 gmbs _amR>m`m am`mMs B[Vls
Pmbs. [~{Q>e H$nZs`m Z`m am`mMm H$ma^ma
_w~BhyZ nm[hbm OmB. `m H$ma^mamVsb Ep$Q>Z

Vo

26 OyZ-Owb 2011

^{V YwarUmZs nwVH$ H$meZmbm mYm` [Xbo.

[edm` [Vs [_eZ`mZs Amn`m Y_mMm Mma
H$a`mgmR>s ~m`~bgma`m Y_JWmMm _amR>s
AZwdmX N>mn`mMm YS>mH$m bmdbm.
[_eZ`m`m Y_Mmambm Vm|S> Xo`mgmR>s
AmnUhs Amnbo Y_JW N>mnyZ [g Ho$bo
nm[hOoV, `mMs OmUsd _amR>s [dMmadVmZm hmoD$
bmJbs. _amR>sVsb Am nH$ma "XnU' nmMo H$V}
~miems Om^oH$a ho `mVsb n[hbo. Om^oH$amZs
1845 gmbs "kmZodar' JWmMo n[hbo H$meZ
Ho$bo. hm gVgm[h`m`m _wUH$meZmMm AmoZm_m

S>m. gXmZX _moao

hmo`.
~miemtZs
Ho$bo`m
ma^mZVa
gVgm[h`m`m H$meZmV IS> hUyZ H$Ys
nS>bmM Zmhs. 1867n`VMm H$mi hm
Xmobm_w[VmMm hUOo nmi`mVsb dmT>sMm _mZbm
OmVmo. 1867_`o JUnV H$UmOs `m ^S>mar
JhWm`m N>mnIm`mV amdgmho~ [ddZmWnV
_S>[bH$mZs VwH$mo~mMs JmWm N>mnbs. Vmo
Xmobm_w[Vm`m `wJmMm eodQ> _mZbm OmVmo. AWmV
45 Vo 67 `m Xa`mZ AZoH$ _wH$, H$meH$ nwTo>
gagmdbo hmoVo. _mYd Mmo~m Sw>H$bo `mZs gd gJh
N>mnIm`m`m _m`_mVyZ _hdmMs H$m_[Jar

Ho$bs.
`mM Xa`mZ [Vs [_eZ`mMo Am[U
[dMmaesb [~{Q>e am`H$VmMo, gVgm[h`mH$So>,
[deofV: VwH$mo~m`m A^JmH$So> bj Jobo. _w~B
[dmnrR>mMo n[hbo Hw$bJw$ ga AboPmS>a JQ> ho
Va VwH$mo~mMo _moRo> MmhVo hmoVo. Z`mZo WmnZ
Pmbo`m Zd[e{jVm`m mWZm g_mOmV JQ>
gmho~m`m AZw`m`mMm _moR>m ^aUm hmoVm.
`m`mnH$s eH$a nmSw>aJ n{S>V `mZs [dUw
naewam_ n{S>V `m`m gmhm`mZo VwH$mo~m`m JmWoMs
gemo[YV Amdms [g Ho$bs. `mgmR>s JQ> gmho~mZs
BXwH$me N>mnIm`mg 27,000 n`mMs _XV
gaH$ma_m\$V H$a[dbs.
mWZm g_mOm`m AZw`m`mZs VwH$mo~mZm
Amnbm [_, Vdk Am[U _mJXeH$, Zho
Y_OsdZmVsb Zm`H$M _mZbo hmoVo. `mZs
VwH$mo~mg~Ys Iyn [bImU Ho$bo Amho. _hmamOm`m
A^JmMm AW bmd`mgmR>s `mZs S>m. am.Jmo.
^mS>maH$a `m`m ZoVdmImbs "VwH$mam_ MMm
_S>i'M WmnZ Ho$bo hmoVo. `m MM}Mo XmoZ IS>
`mZs H$m[eV Ho$bo. AbrH$So> gm[h` AH$mX_sZo
`mMo nwZ_wU Ho$bo Amho.
mWZm g_mOm_mUo Omo[Vamd \w$bo `m`m
g`emoYH$ g_mOmZohs VwH$mo~mZm H|$WmZs Ro>dbo
hmoVo. _m, ~hwOZ g_mOmVsb hs _S>is gemoYZ
g_sjm `m mVmV ZdIs Ag`m_wio AndmX
dJiVm `m`mH$Sy>Z CoIZs` H$m_[Jar Pmbs
Zmhs. _m, VwH$mam_ Vm`m nS>di `mZs gdM
gVm`m JmWm H$m[eV H$a`mMm CnH$_ hmVs
KoVbm. "VwH$m hUo' `m _woMo CnbY gmSo>AmR>
hOma A^J gH$[bV H$$Z `mZs ~hJmWm
H$m[eV Ho$bm. `mMo nwZ_wU AbsH$So> daXm
H$meZ, nwUo `mZs Ho$bo Amho.
dmaH$ar gXm`mV kmZodamZm gWmnH$mMm _mZ
[Xbm OmVmo. dmaH$ar kmZodarMo nmam`U
Y_JWm_mUo H$aVmV. `m_wio `m`mgmR>s
kmZodar`m AZoH$mZoH$ Amd`m [ZKUo dm^m[dH$
hmoVo. `mV S>m. AUm _moaoda Hw$Qo> Am[U
ZmZm_hmamO gmIao `m`m Vs A[YH$ [g
AmhoV. `mM Hw$Qo> `mZs kmZodamMm "A_VmZw^d'
JW `mdarb [edH$`mUm`m Q>rHo$gh
[g Ho$bm. `m JWmda ~mimMm` IwnoaH$amn`V
S>m. ^m.n. ~[haQ>mn`V`m AZoH$ A`mgH$mZs
Amnbo boIZ [g Ho$bo Amho. kmZodarMo

nmam`U H$aVmZm [VMm AW g_OyZ Ho$bo Va

Cm_ hUyZ mMm` e.dm. XmSo>H$a `mZs "gmW
kmZodar' H$m[eV Ho$bs. XmSo>H$amZs Ho$bobs AZoH$
H$sVZohs `.Jmo. Omoes `m`m gmX H$meZmZo
[g Ho$bs AmhoV. "AmJ gH$sVZmMo' H$mhs
IS>M AmhoV.kmZodam`m kmZodargmaIoM
EH$ZmWm`m ^mJdVmdarb AH$am`m H$Ymdarb
^m`mbm _hd Amho. "kmZodar'BV`m Zg`m
Var `mhs JWm`m ~`mM Amd`m H$m[eV
Pm`m. nw`m`m `~H$ har AmdQo> `mZs gd
gVmMo AmJ "gH$b gVJmWm' hUyZ H$mhs
IS>mVyZ H$m[eV Ho$bo. `mMshs Zds Amdms
"daXm'Zo H$mT>bs Amho.B[VhmgmMm` [d.H$m.
amOdmSo> `m`m_wio gVgm[h`mMs [M[H$gH$ MMm
gw$ Pmbs. amOdmS>mZs "kmZodar'Ms nmQ>mJU
V N>mnbs d Vs A[VmMsZ Ag`mMm Xmdm
Ho$bm. Vmo _m` Z Pm`mZo `mZs Vs As
Zmam`Um`m dmYsZ H$$Z Amn`m Vm_gs dmsMo
XeZ _m Ho$bo. [d.b. ^mdo. `mZs "_hmamQ>
gmadV' JWmVyZ mMsZ _amR>s gm[h`mMm

B[Vhmg [b{hbm. `mV gV gm[h`m`m MM}ZoM

A[YH$ OmJm `mnbs ho doJio gmJm`bm ZH$mo.
`mMs nanam "nmM gVH$ds'Mo [ddoMZ H$$Z
gmadVmbm nwadUs OmoS>Um`m S>m. e.Jmo. Vwinwio
`mZs gw$ Ro>dbs. JwXod S>m. am.X. amZSo> `mZs
gmjmH$madmXm`m MmH$Q>sV gVgm[h`mMs
_s_mgm Ho$bs. Vshs _hdmMs Amho. [dZmo~m
^m`mZrhs ~hwVoH$ gd gVm`m ^OZmMs gnmXZo
H$$Z [g Ho$bs. gVgm[h`m`m AmYw[ZH$
A`mgH$m_`o b.am. nmJmaH$a `mMo Zmd `mdo
bmJVo. `mZs AZoH$ gVmMs M[ao [b[hbs.
"^{$_mJ Xsn' hm `mMm JW Va AmOhs
VS>m`mZo InVmo. _hmamQ> ^mfm^yfU O.a.
AmOJmdH$amZm Va AmYw[ZH$ _hsnVs hUmdo BVHo$
M[aboIZ `mZs Ho$bo. AgoM Amods~
M[aboIZ XmgJUy `mZs Ho$bo. amOdmSo>-^mdoeH$aamd Xod Am[U ^m.dm. ^Q> `mMo am_Xmgs
gm[h` gemoYZmMo H$m` _hdmMo Amho. Yw`mMs
gH$m`m}moOH$ g^m hs gWm XodmMsM. gV
gm[h`mH$So> AmYw[ZH$ H$m`ems`, gm_m[OH$,

gmH$[VH$ Q>sZo ~KyZ _hdmMo boIZ Pmbo Amho.

`mV J.~m. gaXma `mMo "gVdmL>_`mMs gm_m[OH$
\$blwVs', ~m.a. gwR>UH$aH$V "_hmamQ>s` gV
_S>imMo Eo[Vhm[gH$ H$m`', [Xbsn [Moo [b[IV
"nwhm VwH$mam_', S>m. Am.h. gmiwIo `mMo "[dmohs
VwH$mam_', gXmZX _moaoH$V "VwH$mam_ XeZ' Aem
JWmMm CoI H$amdm bmJVmo. [Xbsn [Mo `mZs
VwH$mo~m ho OmJ[VH$ nmVisdarb _hmH$ds R>adyZ
`m`m \y$Q>n>sZo _amR>s gm[h`m`m _`mXm CKS>
nmS>`m AmhoV. gXmZX _moao `mZs VwH$mo~mZm
H|$WmZs Ro>dyZ _hmamQ>m`m gmH$[VH$
B[VhmgmMs nwZ_mS>Us Ho$bs Amho. S>m. [Xbsn
Ym|S>Jo `mZs VwH$mo~m`m H$[dVoMm ebsdkm[ZH$
A`mg Ho$bm. `mMm JW H$meZm`m VrjoV
Amho. gV gm[h` ho AOyZhs _amR>s dmMH$m`m
AmWoMm [df` Amho d `mnwTo>hs amhsb, Ago
hU`mV A[Ve`mo$s Zmhs.
gnH$ : 9822832896
B-ob :sadanandmore@rediffmail.com

_hmam>mbm diU bmdUmam {dMmadV

Am

O`m _hmam>mMm nm`m {dgm`m

eVH$m`m Ama^r KmVbm Jobm.
Vo hm
_hmam>mbm
diU
bmdUm`m_`o ~moYZH$ma Ho$ed grVmam_ R>mH$ao
`mM Zmd AJXr daM Amho. `m`m gm{h`mZo
_hmam>m`m {dMmam_`oM 180 AemMm ~Xb
KS>dbm, hUyZ Vo A`V _mobmM Amho.

g{MZ na~
B{VhmgmMm` {d.H$m. amOdmSo> ho _hmam>m`m
B{VhmgboIZmMo ^r_mMm`. `mMm `mgJ BVH$m
_moR>m H$s `mZr gmJmd Am{U gJ`mZr `mbm
_hmam>mMm B{Vhmg hUyZ _m`Vm mdr, Agm
{eaVm. nU, dOm{V{^_mZm`m gmbrd$Z
`mMm nm` AZoH$Xm KgaV Ago. ^maV B{Vhmg
gemoYH$ _S>im`m Mm`m dfmV`m AhdmbmMm
boI `mMm XmIbmM hmoVm. `mV amOdmS|>Zr
~moJg H$mJXnmMm AmYma gmJV MmgoZr`
H$m`W ^y hUOoM grHo$nr g_mOmMm gJim
B{VhmgM am>mohr Ag`mMm Amamon Ho$bm hmoVm.
1910`m XeH$mV amOdmS|>Mo Ago Amamon
H$a`mMo H$ma H$mhr ZdrZ ZhVo. Vohm ~mUoVa

OmVt_Ybo VU Z`m OJmV dV:M WmZ {Z_mU

H$a`mgmR>r YS>nS>V hmoVo. `m`m A{_VmMo
H$m|~ \w$b`mAmYrM MwaS>`mgmR>r amOdmS|>Mm H$ny
am>dmXr B{Vhmg gemoYZm`m ZmdmImbr BVa
OmVt`m B{Vhmgmbm {dH$V $n Xo`mM H$m_ H$aV
hmoVm. Aemdoiog Ad`m 33 dfmMm EH$
{H$aH$moi eara`rMm VU `m gmH${VH$
XheVdmXmMm _wH$m~bm H$a`mgmR>r C^m am{hbm.
`mbm gm{h` - gmH${VH$ jomVbr H$moUVrhr
H$mQ>w{~H$ nm^y_r ZhVr. `m`m "H$moXS>mMm
Q>UH$ma AWmV ^maVr` B{Vhmg gemoYH$ _S>img
CbQ> gbm_r' `m JWmZo amOdmS|>`m gJ`m
Amamonm`m gmYma {R>U`m CS>m`m. ho gemoYZ
BVH$ n$ hmoV H$s `m_wio gemoYZ _S>imMr
gaH$mar _XV ~X Pmbr Am{U Varhr amOdmSo>
`mbm Cma XoD eH$bo ZmhrV. ho \$$ IS>Z_S>Z
ZhV, Va `m EH$m JWmZo _hmam>m`m
B{VhmgboIZmMr {XemM ~XbyZ Jobr. `m
H$m{VH$maH$ B{Vhmg gemoYH$mM Zmd hmoV
~moYZH$ma Ho$ed grVmam_ R>mH$ao.
~moYZH$mamM gJ`mV _moR> d{e hoM hmoV
H$s Vo \$$ nwVH$ {bhyZ emV ~gbo ZmhrV, Va
Amnbo {dMma gdgm_m` bmoH$mn`V

nmohmoMd`mgmR>r `mZr BXyanmgyZ Jmo`mn`VMm

VohmMm _hmam> {nOyZ H$mT>bm. `mM Z`m
nVr`m B{VhmgmMm nm`m KmbUmao "ZmoH$aemhrMo
~S> AWmV Jm_`mMm gmV B{Vhmg' Am{U
"{^jwH$emhrMo ~S>' ho JWhr _hdmMo R>abo.
`mMm H$ig R>abm Vmo "aJmo ~mnyOr' hm M[aJW.
eodQ>Mo N>nVr Vmn{gh `mMm ~mUr
gWm{ZH$mZr Ho$bobm N>i, `mV `mMm Pmbobm
H$U AV Am{U `m{d aJmo ~mnyOrZo {Xbobm

OyZ-Owb 2011

27

bT>m hm `m JWmMm {df` hmoVm. IaVa, "{hXdr

dam`mMm IyZ' Am{U "gmVm`mMo Xd H$s XdmMm
gVmam' `m nw{VH$m_`o `mZr `m {df`mMr $naofm
_mS>br hmoVr. VgoM `m {df`mda `mZr Ho$bo`m
^mfUmZr gmVmam n[agamV ~mUoVa AmXmobZmMr
_emJV Ho$br hmoVr. `mVM H$_dra ^mD$amd
nmQ>bmgmaIo H$m`H$V} V`ma Pmbo Am{U a`V
{ejU gWoM H$m_ C^ am{hb. H$_dra
~moYZH$mamZm Jw$ _mZV, ho `mgX^mV _wm_hyZ
Z_yX H$am`bm hd. N>nVr emhy _hmamOmZr
Amn`m _`yAmYr H$mhr Vmg ~moYZH$mamH$S>yZ
aJmo ~mnyOtdaMm JW nyU H$a`mM dMZ KoVb
hmoV. "gXoe'H$ma A`wVamd H$mohQ>H$ahr `m`m

"bmB\$ AS> {_eZ Am\$ am_Xmg' (1918)

{b{hb. nU, `mhrnojm JmObm Vmo `mM
H$mimVbm "d$dem' hm JW. `m {df`mda
^maVr` ^mfm_Yo {b{hbob Vo n{hbM nwVH$ hmoV.
bmoH$_m` {Q>iH$mZr H$sVZH$mamZm ho nwVH$
dmM`mMr Img {e\$mag Ho$br hmoVr.
EoZ VUnUmVM ~moYZH$mamZr g`emoYH$
AmXmobZmM dMm[aH$ ZoVd _moRm {h[aarZ Ho$b.
`mV {hXy Y_mMr Ho$bobr {M{H$gm IynM _mobmMr
R>abr. `mVb "Y_mMr Xodio Am{U XodimMm Y_'
ho N>moQ>g nwVH$ \$maM H$m{VH$maH$ R>ab.
"e{Z_mhm`', "{hXy Y_mMo {X`', "{hXy Y_mMm
hmg Am{U AY:nmV' Aem nwVH$mZr Y_mMr

AmQ>mo~a 1921 amoOr ho nm{jH$ gw$ Pmb.

~mU ~mUoVa dmXmV`m AmjonmZm Cma
Xo`mgmR>r Am{U Z`m dmXmZm O_ Xo`mgmR>r
`mZm dV:`m _mbH$sM {Z`VH$m{bH$ hd hmoV.
A Forthnight Journal devoted to the Social
Religious and Moral Regeneration Of the
Hindu Society, Ag `o` AgUm`m ~moYZbm

amOH$maUmM dmdS> _wirM ZhV. "gm_m{OH$

gwYmaUmZm nmT>anoem g_mOm`m nwTo> ZoV
~hwOZg_mOmn`V nmohmoMdUma ~moYZ
AmJaH$am`m "gwYmaH$'`mhr H$mhr nmdb nwTo>
Jobob hmoV', Ag _amR>r dmnmMm B{Vhmg
{b{hVmZm am.Ho$. bobo gmJVmV. ~moYZH$mam`m

~moYZH$mamMo _hdmMo JW
_mPr OrdZJmWm
Vmn{gh N>nVr Am{U aJmo ~mnyOr
Jm_`mMm gmV B{Vhmg
{^jwH$emhrMo ~S>
H$moXS>mMm Q>UH$ma
XJb~mO {edmOr
XodimMm Y_ Am{U Y_mMr Xodio
{hXy OZmMm hmg Am{U AY:nmV
e{Z_mhm`
eoVH$`mMo dam`
Iam ~mU
gJrV {d{Y{ZfoY
Q>mH$bob nmoa
gJrV H$mimMm H$mi
gJrV grVmewr

(Am_M[a)
(B{Vhmg gemoYZ)
(B{Vhmg gemoYZ)
(B{Vhmg gemoYZ)
(B{Vhmg gemoYZ)
(dMm[aH$)
(dMm[aH$)
(AZwdmX)
(dMm[aH$)
(dMm[aH$)
(ZmQ>H$)
(ZmQ>H$)
(ZmQ>H$)
(ZmQ>H$)
(ZmQ>H$)

_`yn`V `m JWmgmR>r ~moYZH$mamH$So> bH$S>m

bmdyZ hmoVo, BVH$s `mVbr gemoYZmMr _mS>Ur
_hdmMr Amho. Odinmg Mma XeH$m`m
gemoYZmZVa hm JW gmH$mabm. Agm M[aZm`H$
Va _amR>rV H$Yr Pmbm ZmhrM, nU Agm
M[aH$mahr Zmhr.
~moYZH$mamZm {d{dY AJmZr g_ Am{U
MS> gKfmZo ^abob ZdX dfmM Am`w`
bm^b. `mMm O_ 17 gQ|>~a 1885 Am{U
_`y 20 Zmoh|~a 1973 `mVb Odinmg nmD$U
eVH$ Vo gVV {bhrV hmoVo. emioV AgVmZm h.Zm.
AmnQ|>`m `m H$mir {g AgUm`m H$a_UyH$
_m{gH$mV `mM {bImU n{h`mXm N>mnyZ Amb.
"H$moXS>mMm Q>UH$ma' ho `mM n{hb nwVH$.
`mM gw_mamg `mZr g_W am_XmgmM BJOr M[a

28 OyZ-Owb 2011

lr gV JmS>Jo~m~m
n. a_m~mB gadVr
d$dem
D$R> _hmRm D$R>
Ow`m AmR>dUr

(M[a)
(M[a)
(go\$ hon)
(boIgJh)
(b{bV)
Life and Mission Of Ramdas
( BJOr M[a)
~moYZH$mamdarb _hdmMo gX^
~moYZH$ma R>mH$ao `mMo g_J gm{h` : IS> 1 Vo 5
~moYZH$ma R>mH$ao : H$m` Am{U H$Vd-Y_nmb H$m~io
~moYZH$ma R>mH$a|Zr Ho$bobm {hXy ~mUr gH$VrMm X^\$moQ>-_Yy eoQo
~moYZH$mamMo dbV {hXwd-kmZoe _hmamd
~moYZH$mamMo g`emoYH$ MidirVrb `moJXmZ-S>m. {dbamd Kwbo
(JJmIoS>) `mMm S>mQ>aoQ>Mm AH$m{eV ~Y
~moYZH$mam`m gm_m{OH$ {dMmamMo `moJXmZ : EH$ g_mOemr`
A``Z-S>m. ZdZmW {eXo (AmOam) `mMm S>mQ>aoQ>Mm AH$m{eV ~Y.

naIS> {M{H$gm Ho$br`. `m {df`mda`m

_hmam>mV`m nwT>rb gJ`mM {MVZmgmR>r ho
{bImU _mJXeH$ R>ab. XVwaIw kmgy`
~m~mgmho~
Am~oS>H$amZr
~moYZH$amZm
B{Vhmgm`m gX^mV AZoH$Xm CXYV Ho$bob
AmT>iV. ~moYZH$mam`m dMm[aH$ {bImUm_Yo
"eoVH$`mM dam`' ho nwVH$ AgM _hdmM
Amho. eoVH$ar Am{U Jm_rU ^maVm`m
{dH$mgmVM XoemM Ia [hV Amho, Aer _mS>Ur
`mZr Ho$br Amho. Am`H$maH$nUo `mda
_mgdmXr {dMmamMm ^md OmUdVmo.
~moYZH$mamMm _yi {nS> gemoYH$mMm hmoVm Var
Vo hmS>mMo nH$ma hmoVo. d`m`m nYam`m dfmnmgyZ
Vo dmnr` {bImU H$aV hmoVo. nU, `m`m
boIUrbm Iam ~ha Ambm Vmo "~moYZ'_wio. 16

ebr{df`r Vo hUVmV, "`m`m dmUr`m Am{U

boIUr`m ebrbm _hmam>mV OmoS> gmnS>Uo
H$R>rUM! `mMm ZwgVm Q>mobm Zho, Va gUgUrV
hma Ago. dmMUm`m`m AJmMm {VinmnS>
hmdm Aer `mMr ^mfm Ago. nU, Vr A{YH$
~mi~moY, gmonr Am{U Agb _amR>_moim
diUmMr hmoVr.' _hmam>mda "~moYZ'Mm In
Am{U ^md Iyn hmoVm. Amn`m Ad`m Xhm
dfm`m H$mbmdYrV ~hwOZdmXr nH$m[aVobm
`mZr _m`Vm, db` Am{U {dMmamM mT>d
{_idyZ {Xb. `m_wio "~moYZ' ~X nS>`mZVahr
"~moYZH$ma' ho {~X `m`m_mJo ZmdmgmaI
g_mZmZ `oD$Z {MH$Q>b. dV:M `mdgm{`H$
H$meH$ Ag`m_wio `mZr ~moYZ_Ybo AZoH$
boI nwVH$ {H$dm nw{VH$m$nmZo ~mOmamV AmUbo.

`mV "dm`m` gXoe' Am{U "WmZ' ho

boIgJh, `mZr Mmbdbo`m hwS>m~Xr Midir
Xa`mZ {b{hbobr "Hw$_m[aH$mMo emn', "~mnmMr
H$gaV _wbrMr \$gJV' hr bmoH${` nwVH$ VgoM
VwH$moOr_hmamO hmoiH$a ~XZm_rdaMr "~m~bm
_w_VmO H$aU', "~moYZmMm ~OaJr gmoQ>m' Am{U
"X Qo>Q>og' (BJOr) hr VrZ nwVH$ _hdmMr hmoVr.
"~moYZ' ~X nS>`mZVahr Vo gVV {bhrV
am{hbo. `mVbo \$$ "bmoH$_m`'_Y`m "Ow`m
AmR>dUr' Am{U "_m{_H$'_Ybo boI "D$R>
_hmRm D$R' nwVH$$nmZo Ambo. nU, g`w$
_hmam>m`m H$mimVb "ZdmH$mi'_Yb "Kmd
Kmbr {ZemUr' ho _hdmM gXa H$YrM
nwVH$$nmZ Amb Zmhr. VgM `mZr OiJmd`m
"~mV_rXma'_`o {b{hbob Am_{dmg, B{be
nr{H$J, gdmXH$me` Aem {df`mdaM AmYw{ZH$
go\$ hon nVrM {bImU IynM doJi Varhr
Xwb{jV Amho.
ZmQ`dgm`mV ~moYZH$mamZr AZoH$ df}
Kmbdbr. "Iam ~mU' ho gV EH$ZmWm`m
OrdZmdaM `mM ZmQ>H$ Iyn dmXJV R>ab.
"Q>mH$bob nmoa', "gJrV {d{Y{ZfoY', "H$mimMm

H$mi', "gJrV grVmewr' `m ZmQ>H$mVyZ `mZr

bmoH$mM _ZmoaOZ Va Ho$bM; nU, Amnbo {dMmahr
nnUo _mS>bo. gV JmS>Jo _hmamO, H$_dra
^mD$amd nmQ>rb `mMr n{hbr M[a `mZrM
{b{hbrV. n. a_m~mBM `mZr {b{hbob M[a
{H$dm "XJb~mO {edmOr' hm {edM[amMm doJim
{H$moZhr _mobmMm Amho. nmdZ{IS>rMm nmodmS>m,
am`JS>M dmgdUZ, aodo{df`H$ H$m`mdaM
"aodo dmemMm _mhrVJma {_' ho nwVH$ {H$dm
d{XH$ {ddmh {dYrM gnmXZ Aem {df`mdaMr
MS> a|O `m`m boIZmV AmT>iVo.
"_mPr OrdZJmWm' ho `mM eodQ>M nwVH$.
`m`m {ZYZm`m XmoZ _{hZo AmYr `mM H$meZ
Pmb. ho `mM Am_M[aM. nU, `mV ~mH$s`m
Am_M[amgmaIm O_mnmgyZ _`yn`VMm AmboI
_mS>bobm Zmhr. `m AmR>dUrM AmhoV. Ag Agb
Var {dgm`m eVH$mVrb _hmam>mMm B{Vhmg
{b{hUm`m Hw$Umbmhr ho nwVH$ Q>miVm Ambob
Zmhr, BVHo$ _hdmMo gX^ `mV nmZmonmZr ngabobo
AmhoV. A`V agmi Varhr R>gR>erV ^mfm ho `m
nwVH$mM d{e. VmdZmH$ma YZO` H$sa
hUVmV, "~moYZH$ma R>mH$ao EH$ ~hwaJr, ~hwT>Jr

{Z H$VddmZ nwf. {OZJa, N>m`m{MH$ma,

Vb{MH$ma, nn{S>V, dmX{ddmXnQ>y, {ejH$,
gnmXH$, ZmQ>H$H$ma, Q>H$boIH$, g_mOgwYmaH$,
Midio, do$, ZoVo, nQ>H$Wm gdmX boIH$,
M[aH$ma {Z B{VhmgH$ma Aem {d{dY ^y{_H$m
`mZr dR>{d`m... Jmo`mnmgyZ ZmJnyan`V gd
_hmam> nm`mImbr KmbyZ _hmam>mVrb g_mOmMo
`j {ZarjU Ho$bo`m _hmam>m`m EH$m namH$_r
nwm`m `m AmR>dUr AmhoV.' ~moYZH$mam`m
Am`w`^amMm gKf `mV Ambobm Amho. Vmo IynM
oaUmXm`r Amho. Hw$Umbm H$Yr {Zamem dmQ>V Agob
Va H$moUVhr nmZ CKS>md Am{U Zdr C_oX
{_idmdr. nU, Ia gmJm`M Va Aer oaUm
~moYZH$mam`m gm{h`mV nmZmonmZr AmT>iVo.
(boIH$ "_r _amR>r' ~mV`mMo H$m`H$mar gnmXH$
AgyZ `mZr ~moYZH$mamM M[a Am{U
gm{h`mM g_J S>m`w_|Qo>eZ AgUm`m prabodhankar.com `m do~gmBQ>Mo gnmXZ Am{U
{Z{_Vr Ho$br Amho.)
gnH$ : 9004317989
B-ob : ssparab@gmail.com

\w$bo-emhy-Am~oS>H$a `m`m[df`s$ H$m` dmMmb?

\w$

bo, emhy, Am~oS>H$amMm _hmamQ> Aes

"_hmamQ>_wm' V`ma Pmbs Amho. `m
VsZ _hmnwfmZs AmYw[ZH$ _hmamQ>mMs
gm_m[OH$, dMm[aH$, Am[WH$, ej[UH$ Am[U
gmH$[VH$ OS>UKS>U H$a`m_`o AZ_mob
`moJXmZ [Xbobo Amho. XoemVsb 35 am`m_`o
_hmamQ> AZoH$ AJmZs doJim, d[eQ>nyU
Am[U AJ^mJs Amho. `mV `m [VKmMo _hdnyU
lo` Amho. Xoembm n[h`m _[hbm amQ>nVs
_hmamQ>mZo [X`m. OmVs [Z_ybZ, [ejU,
CmoJ, s-nwf g_Vm, H$fs Aem AZoH$
AmKmS>mda _hmamQ>mbm AmYw[ZH$ [Xem Xo`mMo
H$m_ `mZs `mZs Ho$bo `mV `m [VKmMo WmZ
\$ma daMo Amho `mda Xw_V hmoD$M eH$V Zmhs.
`m [Vhs _hmnwfmMs M[ao hUOo 1827 Vo
1956 `m H$mimVsb _hmamQ>mMm [d[dYmJs
B[VhmgM hmo`. YZO` H$sa `mZs M[aboIZmMm
_mZXS> [Z_mU Ho$bobm Amho. `mZs `m [VKmMshs
[b[hbobs M[ao _amR>s Am[U BJOs gm[h`mV
[dbjU bmoH$[` AmhoV. Iw ~m~mgmho~
Am~oS>H$amZs H$samMs `mgmR>s dmImUUs Ho$bobs

hmoVs. g`emoYH$ nT>arZmW gsVmam_ nmQ>sb

`mZs 1927 gmbs [b[hbobo \w$boM[a, Mm.^.
Ia_moSo> `mZs Am~oS>H$a M[amMo [b[hbobo 12
IS>, AUmgmho~ bo>, O`[gJamd ndma, a_oe
OmYd `mZs [b[hbobs emhwM[ao dmMUo hm
AmZXmMm AZw^d Amho. VwV boIH$mZo Amhs
nm[hbobo \w$bo hm AmR>dUtMm gJh gnm{XV
Ho$bobm Amho. _. \w$bo `m`m ghH$m`mZs

har ZaHo$
[b[hbo`m `m AmR>dUs WoQ>, nmaXeH$ Am[U
AmhoV. `mVyZ CbJS>V OmUmao OmoVsamdgm[ds~mB dmMH$m`m H$miOmV OmD$Z AbJX
~gVmV.
amOfu emhy ho boIH$ ZhVo, naVw `mMs
^mfUo, no, emgZmXoe `mMo 9 IS> [edmOs
[dmnsR>mZo H$m[eV Ho$bobo AmhoV. [XdJV m.
[dbmg gJdo `mZs `mgmR>s Anma l_ KoVbo
hmoVo. S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a `mMo boIZ
Am[U ^mfUmMo 22 IS> hm _hmamQ>mMm AZ_mob

Ro>dm Amho. emgH$s` g[_VsZo H$m[eV Ho$bo`m

`m IS>m`m 15 hOma Vo 30 hOma EdT>m
_moR>m Vt`m Amd`m hmVmohmV gnV Ambo`m
AmhoV. _hm_m \w$bo dmL>_`mMo H$sa, _mbeo,
\$S>Ho$ `mZs Ho$bobo gnmXZ bmoH$mZs CMbyZ
Yabo. _{VeVmXs dfmVsb Amdms IaoXs
H$a`mgmR>s bmoH$mZs _mb`mg_moa MS> _moR>m
amJm bmdbo`m hmo`m. `m gwYm[aV Amdms_`o
S>m. `.[X. \$S>Ho$ `m`mg_doV `mMm ghm`H$
hUyZ _bm H$m_ H$aVm Ambobo hmoVo.
`m [VKmdaMo Jmad JW emgZmV\}$ H$m[eV
H$a`mV Ambobo AmhoV. `mV`m _. \w$bo d
S>m. Am~oS>H$a Jmad JWm`m AZoH$ Amd`m
[ZKmbo`m AmhoV. \w$bo-Am~oS>H$am`m
gm[h`mZo AQ>Ho$nma P|S>m Ho$hmM \$S>H$mdbobm
Amho. 13 ^maVs` ^mfm_`o ho JW AZwdmXsV
Pmbobo AgyZ _hmamQ>m`m Am[U ^maVm`mhs
gs_m AmobmSy>Z ho gm[h` [ddm`m AZoH$
mVm_`o JmadmZo [damO_mZ Pmbobo Amho.
gm[ds~mB \w$bo `mMo g_J dmL>_`, JmadJW
Am[U M[a `m`mgmR>s S>m. _m.Jmo. _mis `mMo

OyZ-Owb 2011

29

l_ H$maUs bmJbo AmhoV. VwV boIH$mZo

[b[hbobo gm[ds~mBMo M[a _amR>s~amo~a VobJy
Am[U BJOsVhs bmoH$[` R>abo Amho. (BJOs
AmdmsMs H$meH$ [XsMs EZ.gs.B.Ama.Q>s. hs
gWm Amho.)
S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a `m`m gm[h`mMo
gnmXZ, AZwdmX Am[U H$meZ H$a`mV
AZoH$mZs h`mVs IM Ho$`m AmhoV. m_w`mZo
IS> 1 Vo 16 (dgV _yZ) IS> (17 Vo 22) m.
har ZaHo$ AmXtMm Zm_mooI H$aVm `oBb. aZmH$a
JUdsa, hbo[a`Z amS>sO, Za| OmYd, gwIXod
WmoamV, [dO` Iao, amdgmho~ H$g~o, ^mbM
\$S>Ho$, JmV_ qeXo, JJmYa nmZVmdUo, [d.Zm.
Hw$~oa, `edV _Zmoha, dm_Z [Z~miH$a, [dO`
gwadmSo>, a_oe qeXo, ^JdmZXmg, [dbmg dmK,
Xmm ^JV, AU H$m~io AmXs d BVa AZoH$mMo
`mgX^mVsb `moJXmZ _hdmMo Amho. S>m. ^m.b.
^moio, S>m. `.[X. \$S>Ho$, ZmZH$MX amw, em.e.
aoJo, Job AmodoQ>, eH$aamd IamV, S>m. g[dVm
Am~oS>H$a, gmohZbmb ems `mMo S>m. Am~oS>H$a
[df`H$ boIZ [deof dmMZs` Amho. D$[_bm
ndma d _sZmjs _yZ `m`m "Amhshs B[Vhmg
KS>dbm' `m JWmMo `m nwVH$m_`o doJio WmZ
Amho. ~mb dmMH$mgmR>s ~m~yamd ~mJyb `mZs
[b[hbobo Am~oS>H$a ^maVMo 2 IS> dmMH$mMs
nH$S> KoUmao AmhoV. ~m~mgmho~m`m
AmR>dUtdarb damio, IamV, `moJsamO ~mJyb,
JmoS>~mobo AmXtMo JW ~m~mgmho~mMo AZoH$[dY
nby XmIdyZ XoVmV. nmMm` gemo[YH$m E[bZma
Po[b`Q> Am[U BVa AZoH$mZs ~m~mgmho~mda
Ho$bobo boIZ AmVaamQ>s` nmVisda Jmadbo Jobo
Amho.
\w$bo-Am~oS>H$ar oaUoZo X[bV gm[h` hm EH$
dmL>_`sZ dmh O_mbm Ambm. X[bV
gm[h`mVyZ Zdo g_mOems` XVmdoO, eX
AZw^d [dd Am[U oaUmmoV `mMo MS> [dd
C^o am[hbo. _amR>s Am[U ^maVs` gm[h`mMohs
XmbZ `m_wio g_ Pmbo. H$[dVm, H$Wm,
Am_M[a, AmR>dUs, H$mX~ar, g[_l, gH$sU
Aem dmL>_` H$mamV \$ma _moR>s ^a nS>bs. .B.
gmoZH$m~io, X`m ndma, OZmXZ dmK_mao, D$[_bm
ndma, AOwZ S>mJio, Hw$_wX nmdSo>, emVm~mB
H$m~io, b_U _mZo, b_U Jm`H$dmS>, Cm_
H$m~io AmXt`m boIZmda S>m. Am~oS>H$am`m
oaUoMs JS>X N>m`m Amho.
Zm_Xod T>gmi, amOm T>mbo, Am.h. gmiwIo,
eaX nmQ>sb, amdgmho~ H$g~o, km X`m ndma,
J.~m. gaXma, b_Uems Omoes, ^mH$a d,

30 OyZ-Owb 2011

O.am.eXo, `m_ H$X_ Aes \$ma _moR>s a|O

Amn`mbm `m [dMmaYmao`m {dcofUmV
AmKmS>sda am[hbobs [XgVo.
_hm_m \w$bo `mMs ~XZm_s EH$ g`emoYZ
(m. har ZaHo$), S>m. Am~oS>H$amMo _maoH$ar AU emar (`.[X. \$S>Ho$) Ago [VdmXm_H$
JWhs dmMH$[` R>abo.

`m [VKm _hmnwfmMo gm[h`, `m`mdarb

gm[h`, `m`m oaUoVyZ [b[hbo Jobobo gm[h`
`mMo A\$mQ> XmbZ Amho. `m`m OsdZmdarb
JmObo`m H$mX~`m_`o _hm_m (adt R>mHy$a),
^OZ (A[Z nwZdgy), ^m.X. Ioa, BXw_Vs
Ho$iH$a, lsam_ n[Mo, `edV _Zmoha, Ho$ed
_olm_, gy`des AmXtMo boIZ dmImUbo Jobo
Amho. `m [VKm~m~VMo `mM Vmobm_mobmMo AZoH$
boIH$, JW Am[U boI `mMo CoI OmJo`m
_`mXo_wio H$aVm Ambo Zgbo Var `mMohs dmMZ
AmZXXm`H$ Am[U CX~moYH$ R>aVo `mMs Zm|X
Ho$bs nm[hOo. `m gJ`m nwVH$mZs AdKm
_hmamQ> Am[U Xoe [H$~hwZm ho gJio [dd ls_V
Ho$bo Amho. _mZds OsdZmMs H$jm CMmd`mV
Am[U Xmd`mV `m JWmMo [dbjU _hdmMo
`moJXmZ am[hbo Amho.

JWgyMs
1. S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a boIZ Am[U
^mfUo IS> 1 Vo 22, _hmamQ> emgZ
2. _hm_m \w$bo g_J dmL>_`,
gnmXH$ H$sa, _mbeo, \$S>Ho$
3. amOfu emhy g_J JW - IS> 1 Vo 9,
[dbmg gJdo
4. _. \w$bo emoYm`m Z`m dmQ>m,
gnmXH$ - har ZaHo$
5. Amhs nm[hbobo \w$bo
gnmXH$ - har ZaHo$
6. _. \w$bo Jmad JW - _hmamQ> emgZ
7. amOfs emhy Jmad JW
- _hmamQ> emgZ
8. S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a Jmad JW
- _hmamQ> emgZ
9. S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a - IS> 1 Vo
12, Mm.^. Ia_moSo>
10. Am~oS>H$a ^maV - ~m~yamd ~mJyb
11. amOfu emhy _maH$ JW
- O`[gJamd ndma
12. bmoH$amOm emhy - a_oe OmYd
13. bmoH$_m` Am[U N>nVr emh
-S>m. `. [X. \$S>Ho$
14. [gboQo>S> am`[Q>O Am\$ OmoVramd \w$bo
- Jmo.nw. XoenmSo>
15. _hm_m - adt R>mHy$a
16. ^OZ - A[Z nwZdgy
17. S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a
- ~s. gs. H$m~io
18. S>m. Am~oS>H$a M[a - YZO` H$sa
19. _hm_m \w$bo M[a - YZO` H$sa
20. amOfu emhy M[a - YZO` H$sa
21. H$mQ> H$mbsQ> AS> Am`[S>`mbmOs
- amoPm[bS> AmohbZ
22. H$Mab [ahmoQ> BZ H$bmo[Z`b
gmogm`Q>s - Job AmodoQ>
23. _. \w$bo gm[h` Ama [dMma
- m. har ZaHo$
24. _. \w$bo `{$d Am[U [dMma
- J.~m. gaXma
25. OmoVsM[a - b_Uems Omoes
gnH$ : 9421081214
B-ob : harinarke@yahoo.co.in

s-dmV`mMs dmQ>Mmb
s

_w$s hm [dMma MidisM $n KoD$Z

Amn`mH$So> Ambm `mbm AmO ghO
30 dfmhyZ A[YH$ H$mi CbQy>Z Jobm.
m 30 dfm`m H$mimV hm [dMma `jmV H$gm
`oBb `mH$So> nwfYmZ g_mO`dWoZ ghmZw^yVsZ
nm[hb Zmhs. [dgmd eVH$ gnVmZm sbm [VMo
OJ`mMo h$ [_imdo hUyZ CnH$maH$ hmoU Va
XyaM; nU, s_w$s hm eXM g_mOmZ
Cnhmgm_H$ H$$Z Q>mH$bm. s_w$s m eXmMs
Am[U `mgmR>s H$m_ H$aUm`m {`mMs g_mO
gYs [_iob Vohm [Is CS>dV am[hbm. [Vbm
_mUyg hUyZ OJm`bm [_imd `mgmR>s dV:
Hw$R>`mhs VhoZo nyaH$ Z hmoVm dmV`mgmR>s
Mmbbobs [VMs YS>nS> hm`mnX H$es R>aob `mMs
Xya C^ amhyZ dmQ> nmhmV am[hbm. [V`mes dV:Mm
H$mhsM g~Y Zg`mgmaIm!
Am[U Varhs `m Cnhmgmbm WmoS>shs ^sH$ Z
KmbVm s AmO nm` amodyZ C^s Amho. ho dmV`
[_i[d`mgmR>s [VZ Ho$bobm dmg hm Ho$di Jo`m
30 dfmVbm Zmhs, Va Jobs 125 df} [VMm bT>m
Mmby Amho. AmJaH$a, bmoH$[hVdmXtgmaIm
g_mOgwYmaH$m`m _XVsZ [VZ C^mabobm bT>m
Am[U [VMm gmamM dmg [H$Vs hobmdyZ Q>mH$Umam
Amho ho g_OyZ `m`bmM hd.
d[XH$ H$mimnmgyZ [dgm`m eVH$m`m
_`mn`V "Y_' Zm_H$ gmoMm dmna H$$Z, Y_mMm
AmS>mogm KoD$Z fYmZ gH$VsZ sbm Anma
Xw:I [Xb; nU, Hw$R>bmM g_mO EH$mM AdWoV
\$ma H$mi amhy eH$V Zmhs. "JV' hm `mMm Y_
AgVmoM. EH$mo[Ugm`m eVH$m`m AIoarg ^maV
[~[Q>emMm Jwbm_ Pmbm Am[U hsM [~{Q>>e amOdQ>
sbm _m nwfs Jwb_m[JarVyZ _w$ hmo`mgmR>s
_XV H$aUmar R>abs. [ejUm`m gmam_wio VU
[nT>sbm ^modVmbM ^mZ Amb. s`m dmQ>mbm
Ambobm AZ{dV N>i, AVmoZmV Xw:I Am[U
`mMm [VZ Ho$bobm _yH$ dsH$ma m VU [nT>sbm
~S>ImoarMs oaUm XoV am[hbm. `mVyZM sda
A`m` H$aUm`m A[ZQ> Wm[d bT>Umar
bmoH$[hVdmXs, AmJaH$a, Om^oH$a, \w$bo, H$d}, XwJm
^mJdV, H$_bm~mB [Q>iH$, H$Um~mB _moQo>,
AZgy`m [b_`o, JsVm gmZo, [dm ~mi Aes
AZoH$ _mUg nwTo> Ambs.
`m gm`mM _S>it`m hmVmV EH$ _hdmM e
hmoV Am[U Vo hUOo boIUs!
EH$mo[Ugm`m eVH$m`m CmamYmV Om^oH$a,

bmoH$[hVdmXs, AmJaH$amgma`m g_mOgwYmaH$mZs

OZVobm hs Z`m [dMmamMs OmJ AmUbs Vs
dmnm`m _m`_mVyZ! ~mb[ddmhmgma`m
$T>s_wio, dY`mH$So> nmh`m`m g_mOm`m
{Q>H$moZm_wio sbm Oo A`mMma ghZ H$amdo
bmJbo `m[damoYmV m [VKmZrhs Amn`m
boIZmZ Ho$dT> Var aU noQ>db. ~m`H$mo hs ggmamV
Xw`_ XOmMs, Vs KamV Os H$m_ H$aVo `m~b
[Vbm Im`bm KmVb H$s Pmb, [Vbm H$ghs
dmnam, _mam, PmoS>m, [VZ gma H$mhs _wH$mQ> ghZ
H$am`M m g_mOm`m YmoaUmbm Amn`m
boIUsZ `mZs AmhmZ H$g [Xb `mM `Va
`mZs doimodis `$ Ho$bo`m [dMmamVyZ `oV.

S>m. _Jbm AmR>boH$a

{`mZm [ejU [_imb AgV Va `mZs Agbm

A`m` H$YsM ghZ Ho$bm ZgVm ho nQ> H$aVmZm
bmoH$[hVdmXs Amn`m eVnmV hUVmV,
""Amn`m bmoH$m_`o hm Ho$dT>m AZW Amhoo H$s
{`mg nVs dma`mda nwZa[n [ddmh H$$ XoV
ZmhsV. BdamZo s d nwf gmaIo Cn Ho$bo d
C^`VmMo A[YH$ma g_g_mZ AmhoV Ago AgVm
nwfmg nwhm [ddmhmg Amkm Am[U {`mg _m
_ZmB hm Ho$dT>m Owby_ Amho... Mma ehmUo bmoH$
_Zmda KoD$Z ho H$m` H$aVsb Va [H$Vs EH$ Osd

[dZmH$maU Xw:ImV d AnamYmV nS>V AmhoV `mMo

gajU hmoBb... nU, `m nwfmZm dmQ>Vo, "`mV
H$m` Amho? `m s`m Z[e~s gwI Zmhs [VMmM
Zdam _aVmo. Aes _yInUmMs _mUo XmIVmV...
`m {`mZm WmoSo>go Oar kmZ AgVo Va `mZs `mMm
[dMma H$$Z Oo nwZ[ddmh H$$ Z`o hUVmV `mMo
ls_wImV [Xbs AgVs `mV eH$m Zmhs. naVw,
AkmZ d ^moigQ>nUm `m_wio gd Owby_ MmbVmo
`mV eH$m Zmhs. Amn`m XoemV Oa 10 {`m
[dmZ Ag`m Am[U Oa `m [dYdm Pm`m
Ag`m Va `mZs Amnbm nwZ[ddmh H$a`mMo
R>adbo AgVo Am[U XwQ> ~mUmMo VmV `m H$Ys
am[h`m Zg`m... _ZyMo dMZ Agmo, `mkd`mMo
Agmo, H$moUmMohs Agmo, ~XodmMo H$m AgoZm!
"~w[aod ~[b`[g' emmg EH$sH$So> Ro>dm. Amnbs
~ws Mmbdm. Vwhs Amn`m _wbs, ~[hUs [dYdm
nmhVm Vohm Vwhmg bmO dmQ>V Zmhs H$m`?..
[dYdmg Xw:I XoD$Z `mMo hmb H$aVm `mMs nmaUs
Hw$Ro> \o$S>mb? AmOn`V [OV`m [dYdm Omi`m
[VV`m nwao Pm`m. AOyZ Var `mg Vw_`m
~mUs nmemVyZ gmoS>dmdo.''
s d nwf XmoKhs g_mZ AmhoV Am[U gwI
[_i[d`mgmR>s YS>nS>U hm XmoKmMmhs A[YH$ma
Amho. \$$ nwfmZ Am`w`^a gwImV amhmd Am[U
Xw:ImMm gJim ^ma {`m`m Immda Q>mH$mdm hs
gwIXw:ImMs [d^mJUs gnbs nm[hOo. "_mUyg `m
Zm`mZ nwfmbm [_iV Vo O_[g dmV`
sbmhs [_imb nm[hOo, hm AmJh
bmoH$[hVdmXtZs eVnmV AJXs [ZH$amZ bmdyZ
Yabm.
bmoH$[hVdmXs hUVmV, ""Amn`m gwZm, _wbs,
~[hUs, [OdV OmiUmao bmoH$ H$[b`wJmVsb
amjg, _mUgo ImUmaoM g_Omdo... `mMo YmoaU
[XgVo H$s {`mZs nwfm`m A[YH$m[YH$ dmYsZ
hmdo. nwfmZs dN>XmZo dmJmdo. eodQ>s `oWn`V
_Ob Ambs H$s, _mPs s _s _o`mda Var
Xwg`mH$So> nm[hb Va `mnojm _m`m~amo~a OiyZ
OmBb Va ~ao. `mVM Zmdbm[H$H$ Amho... `mV
[dYdoMo dnZ H$amdo hUyZ [b[hbo Amho Vmo JW
Omi`m`m `mo`VoMmM ZhoVa H$m`? d Vmo
bmoH$mg _m` Agmdm H$m`? Am[U `m EH$m
^Q>m`m ~mob`md$Z bmoH$mZs Amn`m nmoQ>`m
boH$s, ~[hUs, gwZm, ^m`m, ZmVs, `mg ^mXamdo
H$m`? H$m` ho doS>mMo B{nVi? [H$dm
ehm`mMm Xa~ma? hm H$gm Xoe Amho `mMm [dMma

OyZ-Owb 2011

31

gwk H$aVsb.
AmJaH$ahs "Ho$ednZmgmaIm Xwgam [hS>sg
Owby_ Zmhs' Ag hUVmV. [dYdoda BVH$m Owby_
H$$Z, [Vbm [dyn H$$Z, KamV H$m|Sy>Z Ro>dyZhs
dmgZmY nwfmMs Vs [eH$ma hmoVM amhVo.
Zd`m`m _`y~amo~a [VMs earagwImMs BN>mhs
_obs nm[hOo `mgmR>s $T>t`m ZmdmImbs g_mOmZ
[V`mda [H$Vshs ~YZ KmVbs Var [ZgJ Amnbo
H$m_ H$aUmaM. ""JV^VH$mZs ( [dYdmZs) XwamMmar
[ZKy Z`o hUyZ `mZm Amhs H$mamJhmV H$m_mUo
dmJdVmo. Ago AgyZhs ZmV, a`mda d
AZmWJhmV bhmZ _wbmMs oVo Am[U gOsd _wbo
H$moRy>Z `oD$Z nS>VmV? Agm dVw{WVsda PJPJsV
H$me Q>mH$Umam Am[U [VVH$mM [I H$aUmam Z
AmJaH$a H$aVmV.
~mbmOaR> [ddmh hs sda A_mZwf A`mMma
H$aUmar AmUIs EH$ g_mOg_V Aes Mmb! Aem
[ddmhm`m [damoYmV bmoH$[hVdmXs Am[U
AmJmaH$amZs OmoaXma Q>sH$m gmoS>bobo [XgVo.
bmoH$[hVdmXs hUVmV, ""Oa {`mZm dgmoV b
H$$ [Xbo Va Aem oV$n nwfmg `m daVsb
H$m`? AmJaH$a Va ~mbmOaR> [ddmhmbm dmKeoisMm Ioi hUV. ~mbmOaR> [ddmh Ogm `mZm
_m` ZhVm, VgoM ~mb[ddmhhs `mZm _m`
ZhVm. AmJaH$a hUV, ""Os d`dao ZmhsV `m
gdmg Amhs ~mb[ddmh g_OVmo. `mMo `mZo b
H$aUo hUOo d`da! EH$mMo Xwg`mZo H$aUo hUOo
~mb[ddmh! ~mb[ddmh, ~mbOaR>[ddmh, snwf
g~Y, g_Vsd` Aem AZoH$ Zm`m [Z[_mmZ
sM OJU gwH$a H$g hmoBb `mMm [dMma `m
gwYmaH$mZs Ho$bobm [XgVmo.
[dYdm {`m`m dmQ>mbm `oUmao AZoH$
An_mZ, A`mMma, Zd`m`m _`yZVa `mZm
H$moUs dmbs Zg`m_wio nanwfm`m dmgZoV `mMm
~is OmU Aem KQ>ZmZm [dYdmZm [Z` Vm|S> mdo
bmJV Ago. `m`mda A`mMma H$aUmaohs nwfM
Am[U `mZm [ejm \$_mdUmaohs nwfM! Aem
AJ[VH$ [dYdmMm H$moUs ajUH$Vm Zgo. Aemdois
Omo[Vamd \w$bo Am[U gm[ds~mB \w$bo `mZs Amn`m
Kamda, "[dYdmZmo, BWo `oD$Z JwnUo Am[U
gwa[jVnUo ~miV hm, Vwhs Amnbo _yb `mdo
[H$dm BWo Ro>dmdo ho Vw_`m Iwesda Adb~yZ
amhsb. `m _wbmMs H$miOs hm AZmWml_ KoBb.'
Aes nmQ>s bmdmds hs ZmS>bo`m [dYdmZm [H$Vs
[Xbmgm XoUmar JmoQ>!
[dYdm Pm`mda An_m[ZV OJU s`m
dmQ>mbm `oV Ago Am[U `mVhs gdmV _moR>s
Xw:IXm`H$ Am[U bofH$maH$ JmoQ> hUOo [dYdmMo

32

o 2011

hmoUmao Ho$ednZ! Y_emm`m H$moUVmhs AmYma

ZgVmZm sgmR>s hs OmMH$ arV g$sMs hmoVs.
gwYmaH$mZs AWmVM m Mm[b[damoYmV _moR>M ~S>
nwH$mabob [XgV. Ho$ednZmM Xw:I [H$Vs _moR> Amho
mM nwfmZm Oa `Va `m`M Agob Va `mZs m
Xw:ImMm AZw^d KoD$Z ~Km`bm hdm, VohmM Hw$Ro>
m MmbsVsb ^sfUVm `mZm H$iob. hUyZM
Vmam~mB [eXo `m MmbsMm [Y$ma H$aVmZm nwfmZm
CoeyZ hUVmV, ""Vw_`m ~m`H$m _o`m hUOo
Vwhshs Amnbo Vm|S> H$mio H$$Z, XmT>m-[_em
^mX$Z `mdV O_n`V H$moRo>hs Aa`dmgmV H$m
~ao amhy Z`o?

AmJaH$amMm `m gmodio H$a`m`m H$mambm

ZwgVm dMm[aH$ nmVisda [damoY ZhVm Va `mZs
Amnbs nZs `emoXm [hbm gmJyZ Ro>dbo hmoVo H$s,
""Oa OJbmo dmMbmo Va `m $T>sMm Zm`ZmQ> H$arZM
H$arZ. hs Vm~S>s bwJS>s A[O~mV Zmhses H$arZ.
`emoXm~mB `mgX^mVsb AmR>dUs gmJVmZm
hUVmV, ""_bm Vo Zoh_s gmJV, [ZXmZ Vy Var `m
XwQ> $T>s`m Amhmar _wisM OmD$ ZH$mog... gmodio
Z Ko`m~b `mZs _bm gm[JVbo hmoVo Am{U
_bmhs `mMo hUUo nQ>bo hmoVo d `m_mUoM _s
dmJ`mMo R>a[dbo hmoVo. `jmV `m`mda Oohm
doi Ambs, AmJaH$amMm _`y Pmbm Vohm `mZs
R>m_nUo Ho$ednZmbm ZH$ma [Xbm EdTo>M Zho, Va
`mZs KamV`m _mUgmZm R>UH$mdyZ gm[JVb H$s,
""_bm Hw$UmMs _Ou[~Ou gm^mi`mMo H$mhs H$maU
Zmhs. `mMs _Ou gm^mim`Ms hmoVs `mMs
gm^mibs AmOn`V. nU, Vohs AmVm [ZKyZ Jobo.
Var naVw `m`m _mKmar _s `mMsM _Ou
gm^miUma. _J, `m nm`mV Hw$UmHw$Um`m [H$Vshs
_`m[~`m VwQ>`m Var `mMs ndm Zmhs.''
s-nwfmVsb [df_Vm, sbm nwfmZ [Xbobs
Jwbm_mMs dmJUyH$, [V`mda gXd Ho$bobs Aaoamds

`m~b AmJaH$amZs nwfs `dWobm AZoH$ Z

Ho$bo AmhoV. AJXs sda bmXbs OmUmar
~miVnU nmhVmZmhs `mZm dmQ>V, "" g`m
{`mZm Os BVH$s _wb hmoVmV Vs `m`m gVmofmZo
hmoVmV Ago Amhmbm dmQ>V Zmhs. `mg~YmZo
nwfmH$Sy>Z {`mda Owby_ hmoVmo Agm Am_Mm g_O
Amho. ~miVnUm`m boemMs `{H$qMVhs PmH$
nwfm`m d`mg `o`mgmaIs AgVs, Var `mZs
Amn`m _Zmo[dH$mamg BVHo$ gb gmoS>bo ZgVo.
"gwYmaH$'_YyZ AmJaH$amZs Mmbdbo`m
YS>nS>sV `m`m _ZmV Agbobs s[hVmMs
H$iH$i [XgyZ `oVo. Y_m`m ZmdmImbs sMs
Mmbbobs [nidUyH$ ~KVmZm AmJaH$am`m _ZmV
C\$miyZ `oUmar MsS> `m`m ^mfobm Cnamo[YH$
~ZdVo. 1850 Vo 1950 `m H$mimV [deof hm H$s
`mV g_mOmbm \$Q>H$m$Z VgoM g_mOmbm
MwMH$m$Z, Xmohs nVsZ g_mOm`m nwZaMZoM
H$m_ H$aUmao gwYmaH$ [XgVmV. hm 100 dfmMm
H$mbIS> hUOo {`m`m CmaH$m`mMm H$mbIS>
Amho AgM hUm`bm hd. `m H$mbIS>mV [Q>iH$,
Om^oH$a, bmoH$[hV, AmJaH$a `mZs Amn`m
[dMmamZs g_mOmbm ~XbmgmR>s o[aV Ho$b Va _.
\w$bo, _. JmYs, _. H$d}, a.Ym|. H$d}, S>m. Am~oS>H$a
`mZs [dMmamZm H$VsMs OmoS> XoD$Z {`mMs {WVs
gwYma`m`m H$m_mV Ho$dT>m Var dmQ>m CMbbm.
{`mZm [ejU [_imb nm[hOo, `mZm AWmOZ
H$aVm Amb nm[hOo, [dYdmZm nwZ[ddmh H$aVm
Ambm nm[hOo m JmoQ>tda ~hwVoH$ gwYmaH$mM
EH$_V hmoV; nU, Varhs sdaMs nwfmMs gmm
H$_s hmoV ZhVs. sda Omo A`m` hmoV hmoVm `mM
H$maU gmJVmZm {`mZm `m`m _mZ[gH$ Am[U
emar[aH$ VmH$XsM ^mZ `oU A`V JaOoM Amho,
s dV:bm gd ~m~VsV namdb~s _mZV Ambs
hUyZM [VM ZwH$gmZ Pmb Ag _V [dZmo~m
^m`mZs `$ Ho$b Amho. h`m `m jomV dV:bm
[g H$a`mM dmV` nwfmbm AmhoM, AmVm ho
dmV` nwf Amn`mbm H$Ys XoVsb hUyZ sZ
dmQ> nmhV ~g`mV AW Zmhs. sZ dV:M nwTo>
Amb nm[hOo ho _V `$ H$aVmZm [dZmo~m hUVmV,
""_mPs Aes [Z{MV YmaUm Amho H$s
eH$amMm`m_mUo Ia dam`gn s Omon`V
[Z_mU hmoUma Zmhs Vmon`V ~w, H$U, d JmYs
`mgmaIo nwfhs {`mMm Cma H$$ eH$Uma
ZmhsV...'' eH$amMm`mgmaIs Ia dam`gn
sM hm Y_ ~Xby eH$Vo Am[U Ves VmH$X s`m
[OsVyZ, [V`m [ZYmamVyZ [Z_mU hmoD$ eH$Vo, Ag
hUV sgm_`mdarb Amnbm [ddmg [dZmo~mOs
Omhsaar`m H$Q> H$aVmV. ""earaaMZonbrH$So>

hr nwVHo$ Ad` dmMmdsV.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

s-nwf VwbZm-Vmam~mB qeXo

bmoH$[hVdmXsH$V [Z~YgJh
AmJaH$a dmL>_` IS> 1, 2
_hm_m \w$bo g_J dmL>_`
sY_ZsVs
_mPo nwamU
Jmonmiamd har
ls. H$mes~mB H$m[ZQ>H$a
- Am_M[a Am[U M[a
9. _mPs H$hmUs
10. S>m. AmZXs~mB Omoes `mMo M[a

: gnmXH$ g.J. _mbeo.

: gnmXH$ A.H$m. [`moiH$a
: gnmXH$ ZmVy, XoenmSo>
: gnmXH$ H$sa, _mbeo
: n[S>Vm
: gm. AmZXs~mB H$d}
: gamo[OZs d
: gnmXH$ gamo[OZs d
: nmdVs~mB AmR>dbo
: H$mes~mB H$mZsQ>H$a

A` H$moUVmhs ^oX s-nwfmV Agy eH$V Zmhs

hUyZ `m`mgmR>s gd H$m`Xo, gd [Z`_ gmaIo
AgboM nm[hOoV.'' hs h$mMs Om[UdoMs [R>UJs
s`m _ZmV [dZmo~mOtBV`m g`_s eXmV
$[MVM Hw$Um gwYmaH$mZ dm Y_gWmnH$mZ
noQ>dbs Agob! AWmV, sbm _mUyg hUyZ
OJm`bm [_im`bm hd hUyZ \w$bo, H$d},
bmoH$[hVdmXs, AmJaH$a, [dZmo~mOtgmaIs _mUg
OsdM amZ H$arV hmoVs nU sMs _m Varhs
nwfm`m Vm~oXmarVyZ gwQ>H$m hmoV ZhVs.
`mgX^mV {`mMs _mZ[gH$Vmhs g_OyZ KoU
_hdmM Amho. Og n[S>Vm a_m~mB hUVmV,
""Xw:{WVsVyZ ~mhoa nS>`mMs Amg _wimV
dV:bm Agmds bmJVo. {`mZm Vs ZhVs H$s
H$m` Ago hU`mBVnV `m dV:`m CH$fm`m
gX^mV CXmgsZ hmo`m... `m XoemVsb Z`mUd
Q>o$ bmoH$ s[ejUm`m [d AmhoV. {`mZm
g_mOmV H$mhs _hdmMm XOm Amho ho `mZm
_m`M Zmhs. `oW`m ~m`H$mV H$gbs [h_V
Zmhs, H$emMm Cgmh-AmH$mem Zmhs, Y` Zmhs,
dV:`m nm`mda C^o amh`mMs VmH$X Zmhs, H$mhs
Zmhs. {`mZm dV:bm dV:`m CH$mfmMs Amg
ZgU, H$emMm Cgmh, AmH$mem ZgU hs `mMs
_mZ[gH$Vm nwfmZsM KS>dbobs Amho. {`mMs hs
_mZ[gH$Vm ~Xb`mMo `Z H$aVmZm Vmam~mB
qeXo `mZs "s-nwf VwbZm' `m nwVH$mVyZ nwfmZm
MmJbM Ymaoda Yab Amho. `m nwVH$mV `mZs
ZwgVs s-nwfm`m JwUmdJwUmMs VwbZm Ho$bobs
Zmhs, Va nwf sbm H$g dmJdV hmoVm, H$g JhrV
YaV hmoVm hohs _mS>b Amho. nwfmMs ~mBH$Sy>Z
H$moUVs Anojm Amho Am[U Vs nyU H$aU hmM
Amnbm Y_ Amho Ag _mZUm`m {`m[df`s
[b[hVmZm Vmam~mB hUVmV, ""sY_ hUOo
H$m`? Va... [ZaVa nVsMs Amkm nmiUo, `mMo

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

_[V[Mo
: gnmXH$ Xo.Zm. [Q>iH$
{`m`m H$m`mMs dmQ>Mmb
: H$_bm~mB XoenmSo>
_Z{dZsMo qMVZ
: _mbVs~mB ~oSo>H$a
S>m. aI_m~mB EH$ AmV
: _mo[hZs dX}
_hmnwfm`m ZOaoVyZ s
: S>m. _Jbm AmR>boH$a
~mB_mUyg
: H$Um JmoIbo
s-ZmMs MMm EH$mo[Ugmdo eVH$
: [V^m amZSo>
Am_`m Am`w`mVsb H$mhs AmR>dUs
: a_m~mB amZSo>
_hmamQ>mMs VoO{dZs n[S>Vm a_m~mB
: Xo.Zm. [Q>iH$
[dYdm[ddmh Midi
: gnmXH$ S>m. g.J. _mbeo

_Ou_mUo dmJUo, `mZs bmWm _ma`m, [e`m

[X`m, Xwg`m amS>m Ro>d`m, ZdamoOs Xm$ [nD$Z,
OwJma IoiyZ H$\$H$ hmoD$Z, eI H$arV, Mmoar
H$$Z, H$moUmMm mU KoD$Z, [\$Vwa, MhmS>s,
I[OZm bwQy>Z, bmM ImD$Z Oar Kar Ambo Var
{`mZs Amnbo ho H$moUs Ogo H$mhs H$U_hmamO
Jm`mMo XhsXyY Mmo$Z, Mmdisbm H$bH$ bmdyZ
AmboV Ago g_OyZ na_m`mgmaIs `mMs _moR>m
hgV_wImZo XodmgmaIs nyOm H$amds, godoV hOa
amhmdo hm r Y_...'' hm r Y_ nwfmZs s`m
AJs ~mUdbm Amho. hs Amnbs {WVsM Zg[JH$
Amho Ago g_OyZ {`m OJVmV.
Vmam~mB`m eXmV ^moJ`mMs doXZm Amho.

gmh[OH$M s`m dmQ>mbm `oUmao ho Xw:I^moJ

`$ H$aVmZm Vmam~mBMs ^mfm [dbjU H$S>dQ>
~ZVo. {`mZm Oa dV:`m Am[U g_mOm`m
JVsM `o` gm` H$am`M Agob Va `mZm W_
g_mOmV [_giVm Amb nm[hOo. g^mg_obZmZm
hOa amhVm Amb nm[hOo. dMm[aH$ XodmUKodmUsMm
[hgm ~ZVm Amb nm[hOo. nU, EH$mo[Ugm`m
eVH$m`m CmamYmV {`mZm gm_m[OH$
H$m`H$_mV doe ZhVm. n[S>Vm a_m~mBZs
`mgX^mV _moRo>M nmD$b CMbobo [XgVo. `mZs
Amn`m ^mfUmVyZ nwfdJmMs gUgUsVnUo

hOoar KoVbobs [XgVo. Am` _[hbm g_mOmV Os

`m`mZo hmoV, `m `m`mZmZm `oVmZm `oH$
nwfmZ Amn`m Hw$Qw>~mVsb EH$ Var s ~amo~a
AmUbs nm[hOo Agm [Z~Y `mZs KmVbm. hm
[Z~Y Omhsa H$aVmZm `m hUVmV, ""nwfdJ
Vm|S>mZo s[ejUm`m JmoQ>s nwH$i ~mobV Ago,
s[ejU mdo hUyZ EH$_oH$mV R>amd H$arV Ago,
^mfUo H$arV Ago. naVw, m gd g^m
nwfmnwfm`mM hmoV AgV. `mV ~m`H$mMm
[eaH$md _wisM Zgo. s[ejU mdo Ago
hU`m`m nwfmH$Sy>ZM ~m`H$mZm g^mZm [V~Y
Ago. gwYmaUm hds, gwYmaUm hds Ago ZwgVo
eXn[S>`M H$aV amhmV. `j H$Vs_`o
`mVbm H$mhsM ^mJ CVaV Zgo. nwfmZm Agm
Om~ [dMma`mMs Ho$dT>s qh_V `m {`m `m
H$mimV ~miJyZ hmo`m!
EH$XarVM EH$mo[Ugm`m eVH$mMm CmamY hm
sbm [ejU [_imbM nm[hOo, [Vbm KamV d
XmamV nwfmBVH$mM _mZ Agbm nm[hOo `m
gKfmH$[aVm [g Pmbobm [XgVmo. [ddmh Ho$hm
H$amdm, Zdam dma`mg nwZ[ddmh H$amdm H$s H$$
Z`o `mgmaIo Am`w`mVbo A`V `{$JV [ZU`
Ko`mM dmV` [Vbm Agb nm[hOo Agm AmJh
YaV {`mda`m OmMH$ [Z~YmMo CmQ>Z
H$a`mgmR>s da CoIbobs gmarM gwYmaH$_S>is
`m H$mimV Y_$T>t`m [damoYmV ~S>mMm P|S>m
hmVs KoD$Z C^s Ag`mM [M nmhm`bm [_iV.
`m gwYmaH$ _S>itZs KmbyZ [Xbo`m dmQo>d$Z
nwTo> OmV Am[U AmVm dV:Ms hUyZ EH$ dV
dmQ> MmoImiV dmV`mgmR>s [VMm bT>m AmOhs
MmbyM Amho.
gnH$ : 9922691650
B-ob : mangalaathlekar@yahoo.com

OyZ-Owb 2011

33

g_J n[adVZm`m [XeoZo...

^m

aVm`m gmH$[VH$ MbZdbZmbm

Qo>nU XoUm`m MidisVyZ C^
am[hbob gm[h` `m AWmZo X[bV
gm[h` hs gkm `mVH$sV Pmbobs Amho.
^maVmV`m Ad[XH$ - bmoH$m`V nanaoVyZ [dH$[gV
Pmbo`m Am[U `m nanaobm g_H$mbsZ amOH$s`
[dMma`yhmMm Ame` m H$$Z XoUmam \w$boAm~oS>H$admXmMm CJ_ Am[U X[bV gm[h`mMs
[Z[_Vs ^maVmVbm gdmV _moR>m Vbneu Agm
dMm[aH$ PPmdmV hmoVm. `m PPmdmVmZo _amR>s
gm[h`mMm AjM ~XbyZ Q>mH$`mZo `mbm gd
VamV`m dmMH$mMm _moR>m [VgmX [_imbm.
Ho$di _amR>s_`oM Zho, Va ^maVmVsb
[Za[Zam`m ^mfm_YyZ XoIsb X[bV gm[h`mMs
A^yVnyd [Z[_Vs hmoD$ bmJbs Amho. VgoM
AZwdmXm`m _m`_mVyZ XoIsb X[bV gm[h`
BJOs, \o$M, O_Z AmXs ^mfm_YyZ OmJ[VH$
nQ>mda OmD$Z nmohmoMbo Amho. VwV boImV Jo`m
nmg dfmV`m X[bV gm[h`mMm n[aM`m_H$
YmdVm AmT>mdm Ko`mMm `Z Ho$bm Amho.
X[bV gm[h`mMs gH$nZm Am[U [dmoh ho
EH$_oH$mes A`mo`nUo OmoS>bobo AmhoV. hm [dmoh
Amho [hXy Y_mVsb An[adVZs` [df_VmdmXs
Om[V`dWo[dMm. [df_ g_mOaMZo_wio
gm_m[OH$, gmH$[VH$, Am[WH$, amOH$s` gmm
Amn`m Vm`mV Ro>dUm`m Am[U [Vbm [hXy
Y_JWmMo A[YR>mZ mV H$$Z XoUm`m
dmt[dMm. S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a `mZsM
gdW_ X[bVmda hmoUm`m A`m`m`m
[VH$mamgX^mV "[dmoh' `m eXmMo Cn`moOZ
Ho$bo. `m`m gdH$f bT>m_Ysb 1927 gmbMm
_hmS>Mm MdXma V`mMm g`mJh, 1930 gmbMm
H$mimam_ _[Xa doemMm g`mJh, 1935 gmbs
`odbm `oWo Ho$bobs Y_mVamMs KmofUm, 1946
gmbs _w~B`m [gmW _hm[dmb`mMs Am[U
1949 gmbs AmaJm~mX`m [_[bX
_hm[dmb`mMs WmnZm, 1947 Vo 1950 `m
H$mimV ^maVs` am`KQ>ZoMs [Z[_Vs, "_yH$Zm`H$',
"~[hH$V ^maV', "OZVm' `mgma`m dmnmVyZ
X[bV g_yhm`m OmUsdOmJVsgmR>s Ho$bobo `mnH$
`Z Am[U 14 AmQ>mo~a 1956 amoOs Pmbobo
Y_mVa `m KQ>Zm X[bV MidisV`m nWXeu
KQ>Zm _mZm`m bmJVsb. `m MidisVyZM I`m
AWmZo X[bV gm[h` gmH$[VH$ CR>mdmMo [dmohs

34 OyZ-Owb 2011

eX KoD$Z O_mbm Ambo. gwdmVs`m H$mimV

g`emoYH$s Am[U Am~oS>H$ar Obem`m
d$nmVyZ Vo `$ Pmbo. Ago Agbo Var X[bV
gm[h` `m gkobm nyUnUo CVaUmao, ZH$ma d
[dmohmMs OmUsd `$ H$aUmao gm[h` I`m
AWmZo 1965ZVa ~hambm Ambo.
X[bV gm[h` hUOo d[MVmM, emo[fVmM
gm[h`. Omo d[MV, emo[fV g_mO Om[VYmZ
CVaS>s`m aMZoVbm gdmV VimJmimVbm,
JmdHw$gm~mhoa amhUmam, nydml_sMm An` _mZbm
Jobobm _hma g_mO, Omo S>m. ~m~mgmho~
Am~oS>H$amZs Ho$bo`m Y_mVam`m [H$`oVyZ

km X`m ndma
gm_m[OH$ - gmH$[VH$ `yZJS>mVyZ ~mhoa nS>bm
hmoVm, Vmo X[bV gm[h` [Z_mU H$a`mV
AmKmS>sda am[hbm. H$mbmVamZo AZoH$ d[MV

CXmhaUmW _hmaoVa - ~moVa AZwgy[MV OmVsO_mVs, ^Q>`m [d_w$ O_mVs, Am[Xdmgs, [Vs
_amR>s, _w{b_ _amR>s AmXs g_yhmVyZhs
d[eQ>nyU boIZ hmoV Job Am[U X[bV
gm[h`m`m H$jm A[YH$m[YH$ XmdV Jo`m.
n[aUm_s, X[bV gm[h`mM d$n EH$[OZgs
am[hb Zmhs.
gwdmVsbm AmnU X[bV gm[h`m`m H$mhs
`m`m nmhy.

X[bV hUOo dJ`dWobm Am[U [V`m g_J

dMm[aH$ `dWobm CXdV H$$ ~KUmam, X[bV
hUOo ho OJ d OsdZ Z`mZo _mS>Umam, X[bV
hUOo `m `wJmZo `mMo hmV kmdV, b`H$mar
Ho$bobo AmhoV Am[U `m`mgmR>s eo Am[U emo
CnbY H$$Z [Xbobs AmhoV, Aem X[bVm`m
gm[h`[Z[_Vsbm X[bV gm[h` _mZmdo, Ago
~m~yamd ~mJyb `mZs hQ>bo Amho.
amOm T>mbo `mZs hQ>bo Amho H$s, Omo Omo
dMddmXs Wm[nV g_mOaMZo[d Am[U
gmH$[VH$ `yhm[d bT>Umam {Q>H$moZ KoD$Z
gm[h`[Z[_Vs H$arb Am[U dmQ> MwH$bo`m
g_mOmbm dmQo>da AmUsb Vmo Vmo X[bV gm[h{`H$
Agob Am[U `m X[bV gm[h`m`m _mJo X[bV
OmUsd AgVo. `m X[bV Om[Udobm ZdsZ
g_mO`dWm Ano[jV Amho Am[U hs `dWm
_y`m[Y{R>V Amho. OmVs, dJ, dU `mMm AV `m
`dWobm A[^oV Amho.
X[bV gm[h` hUOo `[$dmV`mMm
OmhsaZm_m Amho. H$m[V[d_wIVm Am[U
H$m[Vg_wIVm `m`m gKfmVyZ [Z_mU Pmbobo
X[bV gm[h` ~Y_w$ _mUgmMm [dMma H$aVo, Ago
S>m. JJmYa nmZVmdUo `mZs nQ> Ho$bo Amho.
m. ea _w[$~moY `mZs X[bV Om[UdoMo
AMyH$ dUZ Ho$bo Amho. Vo hUVmV, X[bV OmUsd
hs g_mOOm[UdoV AZw$n n[adVZ H$$ nmhUmar
OmUsd Amho. hUyZ Vs Oes [dmohm_H$ VesM
_ybV: AmemdmXs d H$m[VH$mar OmUsd Amho.
[dd[jV gm_m[OH$ dmVd, `mMs gwnQ>
H$maU_s_mgm, `m dmVdm`m n[adVZmMm
AmemdmXs {Q>H$moZ d `m~bMs Vsd AmWm
hUOo X[bV OmUsd hmo`.
`md$Z Ago hUVm `oBb H$s Wm[nV
`dWo[d AmdmO CR>dUma BVH$M Zho, Va
`jmV`m ~Xbm`m [H$`oes OdnUo OmoS>bob
AgU ho X[bV gm[h`mM doJionU Amho.
dmV`moma H$mimV BV`m OmoaH$gnUo _amR>s
gm[h`m`m jomV ho W_M KS>V hmoV. X[bV
gm[h`mMm ^modVmbmes Agbobm gX^ hm Xwhoar
d$nmMm hmoVm. EH$sH$So> dmV`mZVa XoemZo
X[bVmoVs`m Ho$bo`m KQ>Zm_H$ d`[ZYmamMm
X[bVm`m `j OsdZmda Z Pmbobm n[aUm_ Va
Xwgam gX^ hUOo `m H$mimV OJ^amVM
n[adVZdmXs CR>mdmM Oo OmoaH$g dma dmhmV hmoV

`mVyZ gJ`mM d[MVmZm ho Ag_mZ dmVd

AmnU ~Xby eH$Vmo `mVyZ Ambobs C^mar, hm
hmoVm. X[bV gm[h`mZo `dWoMo Z OmoaH$gnUo
bmdyZ Yabo, Ho$di gm[h`mVyZM Zho, Va
a`mdagwm; Jm`amZ O[_ZsMm Z, Zm_mVa
bT>m, X[bV nWa Midi, [aS>g, IabmOs Ago
AZoH$. `dWmn[adVZm`m _yi `moOZmes
A[Ve` A[^nUo OmoS>bobo Ag`mZoM X[bV
gm[h`mZo Wm[nV `dWobm K> H$aUmar VrH$,
[V_m, [_WH$, ^mfm - _mU^mfoMm AmJh `mMs
_moS>VmoS> Ho$bs.
n`m`s _y``dWm, Zds VsH$ Am[U
gHo$VmZs KS>dbobs Zds ^mfm, [_`H$WmnwamUH$WmMs Zds _mS>Us - EHy$UM `dWoVb
Wm[nV H|$VdmM gnyUnUo [d-MbZ H$$Z
g_J n[adVZmes ~mYrb AgU `mgmaIo _wo
X[bV Midi Am[U X[bV gm[h` `m EH$mM
Zm`m`m XmoZ ~mOy AgUm`m gmH$[VH$ K[Q>VmMo
[ZH$amMo AJH$_ hmoVo. `m AZwfJmZo gnyU _amR>s
gm[h`-`dhmamMs
\o$aVnmgUs
H$$Z
OsdZ_y`mMm Am[U gmX`_y`mMm nwamoJm_s
n[aQ>sZo YmS>moim Ko`mV Ambm, dmL>_`m`m
B[VhmgmnwTo> Z[Mh AYmoao[IV H$a`mV Ambo
Am[U EHy$UM B[Vhmg-boIZmVbs Wm[nV,
[hVg~Ys `yhaMZm CKS>s nmS>`mV Ambs.
Wm[nV dMddmXs nmT>anoem _amR>s ^mfobm
[d$n H$aV Zds gm[h`^mfm [Z_mU Ho$bs.
g_VmdmXmbm, [ddoH$dmXmbm, [dkmZ[ZRo>bm
AZw$n Aes Zds VrH$, [V_m, [_WH$ [Z_mU
H$arV, ^mfoMs nwZ_mS>Us, g_sjoMo Zdo [ZH$f `m
gJ`mMm AmJh X[bV gm[h`mZo Yabm. S>m.
Jmonmi Jw$ `mZs X[bV gm[h`m~b `$ Ho$bobm
"g_mOemr`Q>m [ddoMH$, amOH$s`Q>m
\$moQ>H$ Am[U gmX`emQ>>m amoMH$' hm
A[^m` gmWM Amho.
Am~oS>H$ar ~moYZm`m dmaemVyZ `$s d
g_yhmMm [V[ZYs hUyZ Agbobs dV AmoiI
AYmoao[IV H$aVm `oU hs ~m~ OmUsdOmJVs`m
gX^mV IynM _mobmMs R>abs. `mVyZM _J _mJo
diyZ ~KU, nydOmMm - _mPm ^yVH$mi, B[Vhmg
VnmgU, _s H$moU Amho, Am_Ms AmoiI H$m`, `m
`dWoV Am_M WmZ H$m` ho Z H$isMo ~ZV
Jobo Am[U `m emoYmVyZM H$[dVm VgM Iyn _moR> m
g`oZ Am_H$WZ [b[hbs Jobs. `mVyZ
JmdHw$gm~mhoa`m Ko>mog_ OJmM A[Ve`
``H$mar [MU C^ am[hb. [df_VmdmXs d[XH$
nanam ZmH$maU, Zho _wimVyZM XodY_ ZmH$maV
Amnbm AZw~Y ~w, MmdmH$, H$~sa, ~gdoda,

_hm_m OmoVsamd \w$bo, N>nVs emhy _hmamO,

noar`ma `m`m ~moYZna, g_VmdmXs nanaoes
OmoS>U hs [H$`m AmngyH$nUo KS>bs.
_amR>s gm[h`mVsb _`_dJu`, ~mUs
JwiMQ>nUmZ ^abo`m Varhs dV:bm _wIdmhs
_mZUm`m gm[h`mda Mm\o$a hm MT>dV ~hwOZ
g_mOmM gmH$[VH$ A[^`$sgmR>s AmOda
[Z[f _mZb Jobob IaIwa OsdZ `m gm[h`mVyZ
C^ am[hb. `mVyZ _amR>s gm[h`[dd hmXab
ZgV VaM Zdb. hm hmXam Xo`mV Am~oS>H$ar
MidisVbo AZoH$ gm[h{`H$ - [dMmadV H$m`H$V} AmKmS>sda hmoVo. AUm^mD$ gmRo>,
~Yw_mYd, eH$aamd IamV, ~m~yamd ~mJyb, X`m
ndma, Zm_Xod T>gmi, dm_Z [Z~miH$a, amOm

T>mbo, `edV _Zmoha, Ho$ed _olm_, AOwZ S>mJio,

O.[d. ndma, `~H$ gnH$mio, hmX M|XdUH$a,
b_U _mZo, [ham ~ZgmoSo>, AU H$m~io, [^.[e.
qeXo, Hw$_wX nmdSo>, `moVs bmOodma, Xmm ^JV,
eaUHw$_ma [b~mio, nmW nmoiHo$, ZOw~mB JmdsV,
_mYd H$m|S>[dbH$a, dm_Z hmodmi, A[_Vm^,
`moJsamO dmK_mao, gwYmH$a Jm`H$dmS>, `moJ|
_olm_, ~o~s H$m~io, emVm~mB H$m~io, AemoH$
hQ>H$a, ^s_goZ XoRo>, b_U Jm`H$dmS>, H$me
OmYd, H$me [^wdZ, dOZmW H$igo, Qo>gmg
Jm`H$dmS>, o_mZX Jds, am_ZmW MhmU, [H$emoa
emVm~mB H$mio `mZs X[bV gm[h`mMm _mJ eV
Ho$bm. `mZs Oo Oo [b[hb, `m nVsMm Ame`
_mS>bm Vmo JmdHw$gm~mhoaM [M WoQ> aJdUmam,
[_`H$WmMm nwZ[dMma H$aUmam, mYm`mZo
B[VhmgH|$s hmoVm. `mMm ^md BVH$m am[hbm H$s

ZVa`m H$mimV [b[h`m Jobo`m X[bV

gm[h`mV B[VhmgM _moR> m _mUmV J[WV Pmbm.
AWmV, doJdoJ`m OmV-O_mV g_yhmVyZ Am[U
m_w`mZo Am_H$WZ `m gm[h`H$mamVyZ.
X[bV gm[h`m`m n[h`m Q>`mda [Z_mU
Pmbobm Am_m[dH$ma, Am_H$WZo Am[U
H$[dVo`m $nmV m_w`mZo H$Q>bo. X`m ndmamMo
"~bwV', .B. gmoZH$m~io `mMo "AmR>dUtMo njs'
Am[U b_U _mZo `mMo "Cnam' `m Am_H$WZmZVa
Am_H$WZmMs OUy bmQ>M Ambs. AWmV, hs ^a
Ho$di g`m_H$ ZgyZ JwUm_H$ hmoVs. EdTo>M
Zho, Va Am_H$WZ `m gH$nZoMs XoIsb Z`mZo
_mS>Us H$aUmar hmoVs. Am_H$WZ hs gkm ~XbyZ
dH$WZ Ago `mbm g~moYbo Jobo. H$maU,
Am_H$WZmgmR>s `$s`m dm`m A{VdmMs
OmU d `[$[VRo>Mo _y` Agmdo bmJVo, Oo
^maVs` gH$Vs_`o A^mdmZoM hmoVo. X[bV
Am_H$WZmZs Xwhoar H$m_[Jar Ho$bs. EH$m ~mOybm
X[bV Zm`H$ aJdyZ `mbm dYVm mV H$$Z [Xbs
Am[U `mM~amo~a X[bVmMm EH$ Jmadembs
B[Vhmg C^m Ho$bm. Am[U `mVyZ Wm[nVm`m
_ZmV `m`m nydOmZs Ho$bo`m gm_m[OH$
KmoS>MwH$m~b nMmmmnmMs ^mdZm OmJdbs.
AmUIs EH$ _hdmMs ~m~ hUOo Am_H$WZ
[b[h`mgmR>s \$ma _moRo> Z[VH$ Y` bmJVo. H$maU,
Am`w`mVbo AZoH$ ZmOyH$ Vnesb `mVyZ
gmdO[ZH$ [dMma[ddmda AmUbo OmVmV. `mMm
EH$ n[aUm_ Agm hmoVmo H$s, g_Q>s`m "d'da
Agbo`m [Z`UmZm AmhmZ [Xbo OmVo. [deofV:
X[bV {`m`m Am_H$WZmZs `m gd ~m~s A`V
YmaXmanUo AYmoao[IV Ho$`m VgoM X[bV ~hwOZ
sdmXs n[aQ>sMo _hdmMo n[a_mU [_idyZ [Xbo.
Am_H$WZm~amo~aM H$[dVm, H$Wm, ZmQ>H$ `m
gm[h`H$mamMm XoIsb A`V VmH$XsZo dmna
X[bV gm[h{`H$mZs Ho$bm. X[bV gm[h`m`m
n[h`m [nT>s`m nm`m^yV H$m_mda nwTo> Ambo`m
[nT>sZo XoIsb X[bV gm[h`mVsb [dmohmes Zmi
VmoS>bs Zmhs. CbQ> Vmo AmO`m
OmJ[VH$sH$aUm`m nmd^y_sda A[YH$m[YH$
VwV Pmbobm Amho
naVw, AmO nmg dfmZVa X[bV gm[h` `m
gkoZ [b[h`m OmUm`m gm[h`mMm gagH$Q>
YmS>moim KoVbm Va ghOnUo OmUdV, H$s `m
A[^`$sV hm _mUygnUmMm [VT>m nH$S>bm Amho,
`mVbo AV[damoY nH$S>bobo AmhoV, H$mhshs
`m` _mZbob Zmhs, fS>{dH$mamMm ViR>md
Ko`mMs [h_V XmIdbobs Amho, _s Am[U
g_Q>sMm gJim AVami nH$S>bm Amho `mM

OyZ-Owb 2011

35

gm[h`H$Vs nmW~o[H$J R>abo`m AmhoV. `mV _s

hUVo Vgm gJim H$moi - B[VhmgmMm,
B[Vhmgm~mhoa Ro>db Om`mMm, An`Vo`m
XwI`m [OhmamMm Am[U ZVa H$_e: `[$dmH$So>
hmoUm`m
dmQ>MmbsMm,
`mV`m ImMIi`mMm,
OmoS>sbm
OmVdmVd,
dJdmVd, [bJ^oXO`
[df_Vm, ^mS>dbemhs,
Zd^mS>dbdmX `m[dMs
bT>mB Ago gd gX^
AmhoVM. hUOo gwQ> gwQ> Ag
H$mhs Zmhs. ew d`[g
Ag H$mhs _mZbob Zmhs.
A[V_VoMm Xmdm Zmhs. X[bV
`m gkoV [Zdi doXZm Zmhs,
Va [dmohmMm AmoZm_m, Zd
C^ma`mMs [Vkm XoIsb
Amho. S>sbmg-S>sH$mQ>
Am[U [bJmVsV hmoD$ nmh`mMs D$_u Amho. _m`m
g_mOmnbsH$S>M (~m Ag`m`m ~mhoaM) _bm
H$mhsM XoU KoU Zmhs Agm n[dm Zmhs.
CXmhaUmW, IabmOs \$$ _mP; OVmnya, bdmgm,
s`m b[JH$VoM amOH$maU, _amR>s emimMm Z
_mPo ZmhsVM, Ag Zmhs. AmVm ~hwYm _s X[bV

gm[h`mMs AmOMs EH$gwar, A[Vgwb^, AmdmOs

Am[U `mnH$d hadbo`m Zm`mMs Xw[Z`m gmoS>Vo
Amho Am[U da CoI Ho$bo`m g_J n[adVZm`m
H$mhsem AmXedV Xw[Z`oV nmD$b Q>mH$Vo Amho.
_amR>sV`m X[bV gm[h`mM
Oa H$mhs ^[dV` Agob Va
Vo `mM [XeoZ Amho, Aes
_mPs
R>m_
YmaUm
Amho. ZmhsVa _J AmnUhs
nwhm
EH$Xm
`mM
g_ AS>JisMm ^mJ ~ZyZ
OmD$ Aes ^sVs _bm dmQ>Vo.
X[bV gm[h`m`m Xw[Z`oV
AmO Ang` Agm H$m
hmoBZm nU EH$ gya _bm
[XgVmo `mbm AmO`m
H$mimM H$mhs EH$ ^mZ Amho.
[deofV: X[bV Midi
gnbobs Ag`m`m H$mimV
A[^[ZdoemZ [b[hV amhU hs ~m~ Wm[nVVoMs
dmQ> MT>`mgmR>s Amd`H$ R>aVhs Agob; nU,
`mVyZ X[bV gm[h`mMs dmQ> A[YH$m[YH$ AX
hmoV OmUma Amho. X[bV {`m`m boIZmZo
OJ^a`m sdmXs [dMmames hmV[_idUs H$aV
EH$ doJis dmQ> MmoImibs. [XdJV _Zmoha

dmH$moSo>, ^wOJ _olm_ Am[U AU H$mio `mgma`m

g_W H$dtZs OmJ[VH$sH$aUmgH$Q> gJ`m
CbWmnmbWsM A[Ve` Zo_H$ [MU H$$Z X[bV
gm[h`mbm g_H$mbsZ gX^MmH$Q> mV H$$Z
[Xbs. `m[edm` bmoH$ZmW `edV, dmh$ gmoZdUo,
D$[_bm ndma, JmV_snw H$m~io, Hw$_ma A[Zb,
_h| ^dao, ^y amOJS>H$a, Os.Ho$. EoZmnwao, gO`
ndma, A[dZme Jm`H$dmS>, gVmof nmH$a ndma,
Y_nmb aZmH$a AmXr H$ds-boIH$ AmOM
JwVmJwVsM, EH$aofs` Zgbob dmVd [Za[Zam`m
gm[h`H$mam_YyZ nH$Sy> nmhVmhoV. gm[h`m`m
nwT>`m [Xem Aem YmS>gs, `moJesb boIZmVyZM
_moH$`m hmoD$ eH$VmV, Ag _s _mZVo. gmR>sgma`m XeH$mVbs OwZsM h`ma KoD$Z Ow`m
nVsZ AmO`m ZmZm [^S>Vm `oUma Zmhs. gnyU
^maVmV AmO X[bV gm[h`mMs bmQ> ngaV
AgVmZm Vg H$aU gdds A[ZQ> R>aob.
Amn`mda`m CmaXm[`dmM ^mZ ghOmghOs
gwQ>Uma Zmhs, Agm _bm [ddmg dmQ>Vmo.
(boIH$/H$dtMs Zmdo [Xbs AmhoV. [OkmgyZs
`mMs nwVHo$ [_idyZ O$a `mMm AmdmX `mdm
Am[U Amnbm JWgJh ls_V H$amdm.)
gnH$ : 9869 480 141
B-ob : pradnyadpawar@gmail.com

"gmdY, EoH$m nwT>`m hmH$m...'

Jo

`m e^a dfmVsb ~mbdmMH$m`m

[ddmMm AmT>mdm m boImV `m`Mm
Amho; naVw, _s H$mhs m [df`mMs
A`mgH$ dJao Zmhs. _mPo dV:Mo AZw^d
[dMmamV KoD$Z WmoSo> gmJy eHo$Z. `m_wioM, OodT>m
_`mXm _m`m AZw^dmZm AmhoV, VodT>mM m
boImbmhs AgUma AmhoV, ho _s gwdmVsbmM
Z_nUo Z_yX H$aVo.
_s "~mb' AgVmZm "~mbgm[h`' m gXamV
_moS>Umao gm[h` [H$Vs dmMbo... EH$XarV H$_sM.
AjaAmoiI hmo`mAJmoXa`m d`mV nwVH$mes
g~Y `o`mMm ZM ZhVm; H$maU, `m d`mgmR>s
Ho$di [MmMs [H$dm ^anya [Mo Am[U VwaiH$
_OHy$a AgUmar nwVHo$ [Z_mU H$a`mMs H$nZm
EoHy$Zhs _mhsV ZhVs. am` eXmMoM hmoVo. _bm
dmMZ O_y bmJbo Am[U _J hmVmbm Oo bmJob Vo
dmMyZ H$mT>Uo gw$ Pmbo. `m gnmQ>mV Oo
~mbgm[h` hmVmbm bmJbo Vohs dmMyZ H$mT>bo;
nU, _mPs ^yH$ ^mJ`mBVHo$ Vo ZhVo ho Z$s. AmO

36 OyZ-Owb 2011

[dMma H$aVmZm bjmV `oVo, H$s Vohm Vo g`oZo H$_s

hmoVo EdTo>M `mMo H$maU ZhVo. `m[edm` BVahs
H$mhs H$maUo hmoVs.
IaoVa, ~mbgm[h` A[Ve` bdMsH$
Agm`bm hdo, `moJesb Agm`bm hdo. _wbo `m
Hw$Vyhbm`m ZOaoZo Am[U CgwH$ _ZmZo OJmH$So>
nmhVmV, `m ZOaoMo Am[U _ZmMo [V[~~ `mV
C_Q>m`bm hdo; `mVsb [df`, Ame`, ^mfm,

_mYwar nwaXao
nwVH$mMm AmH$ma, AmVsb _mS>Us, gOmdQ>, [Mo
dJao _wbmZm `mMs AmoT> dmQ>mds Ago Agm`bm
hdo. m gdM KQ>H$m_`o gVV ZdZdo `moJ
hm`bm hdoV. _m, [d[dY H$maUm_wio `m H$mis
ho OodT>m _mUmV hm`bm hdo VodTo> hmoV ZhVo.
`mVM, _wbmda gH$ma H$a`mMs, `mMo ~moYZ
H$a`mMs O~m~Xmarhs ~mbgm[h`m`m AJmda
nS>`mZo Ago `moJ H$a`mbm _`mXm nS>V hmo`m.

_bm dV:bm "~a H$m ~mb[_mZmo @ ....' hm gya

\$magm H$Ys _mZdbm Zmhs. Vmo H$mZmda nS>bm H$s
AmnU ~wy AmhmoV AgoM dmQy> bmJVo. `m_wiohs
Agob; nU, _s AmJhmZo ~mbgm[h`mMm emoY dJao
H$Ys KoVbm Zmhs. Iyn bdH$a _moR>m`m
gm[h`mH$So> dibo Am[U [VWoM a_bo. [edm`, `m
H$mis _wbmZs Amn`mM d`mMo dmMm`Mo, BVa
JmoQ>tZm hmV bmdm`Mm Zmhs Agm H$mhs XS>H$
ZhVm. [ZXmZ _m`mda Var Vgo H$mhs XS>nU
ZhVo.
Varhs, Oohm Oohm _wbmgmR>sMo gm[h`
_m`mg_moa Ambo, Vohm Vohm Vo dmMm`Mo _s
gmoS>bo ZmhsM. AJXs "[MD$ H$mD$'`m JmoQ>s Zho;
nU, [H$emoad`m`m Am[U Hw$_mad`m`m _wbmH$aVm
[Z_mU hmoUmao gm[h` _s dmMV hmoVo. `mVsb H$mhs
H$bmH$Vs _m`m H$m`_`m bjmV am[h`m AmhoV.
`mV XoemoXoes`m bmoH$H$Wm, narH$Wm,
M_H$mamZs ^abo`m AX^wVa` nwamUH$Wm hmo`m,
Eo[Vhm[gH$ H$Wm hmo`m; gmhgH$Wm, [eH$maH$Wm

hmo`m; [M.[d. Omo`mMm [M_Uamd hmoVm; ^mJdy eH$VmV Am[U _moR>m`m OJmV H$m`_Mo
[XdmH$am`m ZmQ>N>Q>m
hmo`m; Zm.Ymo. amhm`bm Om`mgmR>s _wbm`m _ZmMs hiyhiy V`mar
VmhZH$am`m AHw$e, Zsbm~ar B. H$mX~`m H$aVmV.
hmo`m; JmoQ>m hmoVm; AJXs h.Zm. AmnQ>m`mhs
~mb-Hw$_magm[h`mZohs `mV Amnbm dmQ>m
H$mX~`m hmo`m. dsaYdb, H$m[bH$m_yVu dJao
H$mX~`m Va [H$VsXm dmM`m `mMs JUVsM Zmhs.
AZwdm[XV gm[h`mMshs AmoiI `mM d`mV Pmbs.
_m~s [S>H$, eoabmH$ hmog, So>[hS> H$mna\$sS>,
[h_VdmZ OmgyX ZmdmMs ~hwYm _yi a[e`Z
H$mX~ar... hs `mXs dmTy> eHo$b. ho gJio _s Zoh_s
nwVH$$nmVM dmMbo Ago Zmhs. `m H$mimV
_m[gHo$ Iyn bmoH$[` hmoVs. MmXmo~m, Hw$_ma,
embmnH$, AmZX Aem _m[gH$mMs _s S>mo`mV
mU AmUyZ dmQ> nmhV Ago. `mV _m[bHo$`m
$nmV H$Wm [g hmoV. ^m.am. ^mJdVmMm \$mQ>a
\o$Uo _bm W_ Aem _m[gH$mVM ^oQ>bm. `m`m
$nmZo Am_MsM ^mfm ~mobUmam, Am_`mgmaIm
[dMma H$aUmam, Am_`mM OJmV dmdaUmam
g_H$mbsZ ~mbZm`H$ ~hwYm W_M ^oQ>bm hmoVm.
Ago gJio AgyZhs _mPo g_mYmZ _m hmoV
ZhVo. _s `m OJmV OJV hmoVo `m OJm~b,
`mV`m _mUgm~b, EHy$UM n[a{WVs~b,
_bm Z nS>V hmoVo. `mMs Cmao _bm ~mbgm[h`
Va gmoS>mM, Hw$_magm[h`hs XoD$ eH$V ZhVo.
_bm aJsV [MmMs nwVH$ AmdS>VmV.
_m`m dmT>`m d`mMs Vo XIbM KoV ZhVo.
H$Ys H$Ys _s \$$ [MM ~KVmo. `mVyZ
Am_`m AmYs`m [nT>snojm Am_`m [nT>sMm
dV:Ms JmoQ>hs V`ma H$aVmo. [Mhs ZsQ>
~mhoa`m OJmes gnH$ IynM dmT>V hmoVm. `m
~Km`Ms AgVmV!
OJmV KS>Um`m KS>m_moS>t_wio Am[U hmoUm`m
_s H$YsVar VoM Vo nwVH$ dmMm`Mm h>
~Xbm_wio ~mdMibo`m _moR>m _mUgmZm Am_Mo
H$aVmo. Aem `oH$ dmMZm`m dois _bm
H$m` H$amdo Vo g_OV ZhVo Am[U `mZs Am_`m
ZdsZ ZdsZ JmoQ>s H$iVmV. nwZ:``mMm
hmVmV Ro>dbo`m "`m_`m AmB'Mo H$m` H$am`Mo Vo
AmZX [_iVmo.
Amhmbm g_OV ZhVo. Amhmbm Am_Mm dV_mZ
_bm \$$ CnXoe H$aUm`m ZsVsna
g_OyZ `m`Mm hmoVm, Amhmbm Am_`m H$mimMo
JmoQ>tMsM nwVH$ XoD$ ZH$m Am[U JmoQ>sM
H$mhsVar dmMm`Mo hmoVo. _J, Amhs _moR>m`m
gma CJsMM gmJV ~gy ZH$m.
gm[h`mH$So> dibmo.
_bm doJdoJ`m H$maMs nwVH$
gwXdmZo _bm Vo ghO H$aVm Ambo. _m`m
AmdS>VmV.
dmMZmda Hw$Ushs H$gbs ~YZo H$Ys KmVbs ZmhsV.
H$Ys amjgmMs, H$Ys narMs, H$Ys
_bm Zoh_s dmQ>Vo, H$s _wbmMo Am[U _moR>mMo OJ
OmXyMs, H$Ys m`mMs, njmMs,
doJio H$mT>Vm `oV Zmhs; H$mTy>hs Z`o. _wbo [d[dY
OJbmV`m JmoQ>tMs, Va H$Ys
d`m`m _mUgm~amo~a OJV-dmT>V AgVmV.
AmOy~mOybm [XgUm`m, KS>Um`m
Amn`mAmYs m OJmV Ambo`m, AmnU Z
JmoQ>tMs.... gJisM nwVH$ _bm dmMy
nm[hbobo, Z AZw^dbobo Ago ~aoM nmhyZ-AZw^dyZ
m.
~gbo`m `m _mUgm~b _wbmZm Hw$Vyhb dmQ>V
_mPs nwVH$ _bm [ZdSy> m. H$Ys H$Ys
AgVo. `mZm gJ`m AJmZs g_OyZ Ko`mMs
[ZdS>sgmR>s _XV H$am, nU [ZU` _mPm
_wbmZm BN>m AgVo. H$nZoVsb OJmV a_Uo Ogo
_bmM KoD$ m.
`mZm AmdS>Vo, VesM ^modVmb`m `j
EImX
nwVH$ _bm dmMm`bm H$Q>mimhs
AZw^dmVsb OJmes AgUmao Amnbo ZmVo [ZaIyZ`o
D
$
eH$Vmo
.
nmaIyZ ~K`mMshs JaO ^mgVo. hs JaO nwVHo$

CMbmdm Aes Anojm AgVo. AmO

~mbgm[h`m`m, hUOo AmR> df} d`mn`V`m
_wbmgmR>s`m jomV m [XeoZo WmoS>s hmbMmb
hmoVmZm [XgVo Amho. nwVHo$ aJsV Pmbs AmhoV.
[Z[_VsMm XOm CMmdbm Amho. [df`-Ame`mV
Am[U ^mfoV `moJ hmoVmZm [XgV AmhoV Am[U
`mMo dmJVhs hmoV Amho. [deof hUOo eXm`m
nbsH$S>Ms, aJaofmMs, AmH$mamMshs ^mfm emoYbs
nm[hOo, hs OmUsd hiyhiy H$m hmoBZm, nU hmoV
Amho.
qMVm dmQ>Vo Vs d`mMm hm Q>nm AmobmS>Um`m
_wbmMs. AOyZhs m nwT>`m d`moJQ>mgmR>s Z`m
[dMmamZs H$m_ hmoVmZm [XgV Zmhs. AOyZhs Ow`mM
gm[h`mda ^mJdbo OmV Amho. Zdo [Z_mU Pmbo,
Var Vo m_w`mZo _m[hVsnaM AgVo. [H$emoaHw$_mad`m`m _wbm_wbtMo ^md[dd, ZmVog~Y,
`mMm ^modVmb bjmV KoD$Z H$Wm-H$[dVm,
H$mX~`mMs [Z[_Vs hmoVmZm [XgV Zmhs. H$m[_g,
Jm[\$H$-ZmhobgmaIo Zdo KmQ> dmna`mMm [dMmahs

~mbdmMH$mMo nmbH$mH$So> _mJUo...

H$YsH$Ys _s nwVH$ AYdQ>hs dmMyZ
gmoSy>Z XoVmo. Vs dmM`mgmR>s _m`m _mJo
Z bmJVm _s dmMoZ, `mMs dmQ> ~Km.
[H$dm Vwhs `mVb H$mhsVar dmMyZ
XmIdm, hUOo _bm dmMmdg dmQo>b.
bm nwVH$m`m XwH$mZmV, XeZmV,
dmMZmb`mV KoD$Z Om.
amoO ams _bm [M Agbo`m nwVH$mVyZ
JmoQ> dmMyZ XmIdm.
dmMbob _bm Zoh_sM gmJm`bm AmdS>V
Ag Zmhs; nU, _s gmJV Zgbmo Var
_bm dmMbob H$iV. H$miOs H$$ ZH$m.
Kar Iyn nwVH$ AmOy~mOybm Agbs H$s,
_s ghO dmMoZ.
KamVbo gJio OU dmMV AgVsb Va _J
"Vy dmM' Ag _bm doJi gmJm`bm
bmJUma Zmhs.
dmMZmMm gH$ma bhmZ d`mVM hmoVmo.
EH$Xm dmMZmMs JmoS>s bmJbs, nwVH$mM
o_ OS>b H$s _J nwVH$ _bm Am`w`^a
gmW H$aVsb!
(H$nZm gMoVs, bmoH$gmm 30 E[b
2011 MVwaJ nwadUsVyZ gm^ma)

OyZ-Owb 2011

37

Hw$Us H$aVmZm [XgV Zmhs mMs H$miOs dmQ>Vo.

dmV[dH$, dmMZgH$ma ZsQ> O`m`m Q>sZo ho
d` A[Ve` _hdmMo AgVo. ~mbd`mV bmJbobs
dmMZmMs JmoS>s [Q>Hy$Z amhm`Ms Agob, Va
[H$emoad`mV ^anya dmMZgm[h` CnbY hmoUo
JaOoMo AgVo.
m d`mV _wbmZm ~mbgm[h` "nmoamgmoamMo'
hUyZ AmdSo>Zmgo Pmbobo AgVo, Am[U _moR>mMo
gm[h` dmM`mEdT>s g_O Ambobs ZgVo. Aem
dois `m d`mbm Mob Ago gm[h` Oa _wbmZm
[_imbo Zmhs, Va Vs dmM`mMm H$Q>mim H$aVmV.
[edm`, nmR>nwVH$m~mhoaMo H$mhshs dmMy Z
Xo`mMm H$Q> H$aUmar _moR>s _mUgo AmOhs H$_s
ZmhsV. hUOo XwH$mimV Voamdm _[hZm H$m`_MmM.
n[aUm_s, _wbo AZoH$Xm dmMZmnmgyZ H$m`_Ms Xya
OmVmV, Am[U `m d`mV gwQ>bobs dmMZmMs gd`
nwhm bmJUo _hmH$R>sU AgVo.
m _Y`m d`m`m _wbmgmR>s [b[hUo A[O~mV
gmono ZgVo, ho _m Iao. [deofV: Ammm`m Ajae:

[XdgmJ[UH$ ~XbUm`m H$mimV boIH$mMs m

~m~VsV "ZH$mo ao ~m~m Vs ^mZJS>' Aes [V[H$`m
`oV Agob Va Vo AJXs dm^m[dH$ _mZmdo bmJob.
AmO`m _wbm`m _ZmMm, [dMmamMm WmJ bmJUo
H$R>sUM Amho. gVV`m ~Xbmes OwidyZ KoVmZm
`mMshs X_N>mH$M hmoV AgVo Am[U AmnU _m
Amn`m [H$emoad`mV Oo H$aV hmoVmo, Oo dmMVEoH$V-nmhV hmoVmo, VoM `m`m Jis CVad`mMm
IQ>mQ>mon H$aV AgVmo.
"`mZm H$mhsM H$g AmdS>V Zmhs' hUV
H$admXVmo. MyH$ Hw$UmMsM ZgVo; _wbmMs ZgVo,
Amnbs ZgVo, `m_`m AmBMs [H$dm \$mQ>a \o$UoMs
Va A[O~mVM ZgVo. H$miM [ZX`r AgVmo. nU,
hUyZ hm [df` gmoSy>Zhs XoVm `oV Zmhs. AmO`m
H$mim`m nmdbmMs Mmhyb KoV, gVV doJdoJio
`moJ H$aV Zds [Z[_Vs H$aV amh`mbm n`m` Zmhs,
ho no$ `mZmV Ro>dbo nm[hOo. AmVm`m OJmV
"AOam_a', H$mim`m gJ`m MmdQ>nUmbm nw$Z
Caob Ago- H$Xm[MV _hm^maV dJiVm-H$mhshs

Zmhs, ho dmVd AmnU AmVm dsH$mabo nm[hOo.

_m`m bhmZnUs [H$dm VUnUs `m JmoQ>tZs _s
^mamdyZ Jobo hmoVo, `m JmoQ>tZs AmVmMs _wbohs
VesM Am[U [VVH$sM ^mamdVsb Ago _mZUo hUOo
dV:Ms \$gdUyH$ H$a`mgmaIo Amho. _wbo `m
JmoQ>tZm ZmHo$ _waS>Uma, `mMs MoQ>m H$aUma hohs _s
g_OyZ KoVbo nm[hOo.
H$Xm[MV Vgo H$aV H$aV EH$ [Xdg Hw$VyhbmZo Vs
Vo g_OyZ Ko`mMm `Zhs H$aVsb, Hw$Us gmJmdo!
nU ~iO~ar Ho$bs, YmH$ XmIdbm, `mZm `$M
hmoD$ [Xbo Zmhs, Va Vs H$m`_Mo ZmVo VmoSy>ZM
Q>mH$Vsb.
_wbmgmR>s _s AmO Oo WmoSo>\$ma gm[h` [Z_mU
Ho$bo Amho, Vo XhmM dfmV _m`m S>mo`mXoIV
H$mb~m
hmoUma Amho, VohmMs
_wbo `mH$So> Tw>Hy$Zhs nmhUma ZmhsV, ho _s AmJmD$M
_m` H$$Z Q>mH$bo Amho. Vs doi nwTo> T>H$bm`Ms
Agob, Va nwT>`m hmH$m gmdYnUo EoH$V gVV
Z`mMm emoY KoV H$m_ H$aV amh`mbm n`m` Zmhs.

(hs gyMs moQ>H$ Amho. OmJo`m _`mXo_wio AZoH$ gm[h`H$VtMm

g_mdoe H$aVm Ambobm Zmhs, `mMs dmMH$mZs H$n`m Zm|X `mds.)
am_ JUoe JS>H$ar : gH$miMm A`mg : J_^Z
~mbH$ds : AmZXs AmZX JSo> : J_^Z
AmR>dUsV`m H$[dVm (^mJ 1 Vo 4)
: gnm[XV - _mO
gmZo JwOs : `m_Ms AmB
qM.[d.Omoes : [M_UamdmMo MhmQ>,
AmogmS>dmS>sMo Xod, [M_UMmam B. : H$m{Q>ZoQ>b
Zm.Ym|. VmhZH$a : JmoQ>m, [MJs, AHw$e,
ZsbmJs, aZmH$a B. H$m{Q>ZoQ>b
XwJm ^mJdV : bhmZs
~._mo. nwaXao : _hmamO, nwaX`mMs XmbV, gaH$ma
dmS>m, eobma [IS>, JS>gM (7 ^mJ) B. : nwaXao
^mb~m Ho$iH$a : eoabmH$ hmog (AZw.)
^m.am. ^mJdV : \$mQ>a \o$Uo, ^wVmis OhmO,
V_ya bJmMm ^mbm, gy`mda dmar, T>~y amOm, B.
gd [b[IV d AZwdm[XV gm[h` : Ho$.^s. T>dio,
_Oo{Q>H$, CH$f
Os.E. Hw$bH$Uu : _wYmMs aJsV JmoQ>, Am|Oi
Ymam, ~Ia [~_Ms, EH$ Aa~s H$hmUs : naMwao,
by ~S>, H$m{Q>ZoQ>b
Mm$hmg n[S>V, ^mH$a dmSo>H$a : [MQy> : nwaXao, gH$mi
gB namOno : hadbo`m Ioi`mMo am`, gimo H$s nimo, eonQ>sMm emn,
Pmbs H$m` J_V, OmXyMm eI B. : _mO
AmMm` Ao : H$md`mMs emim, \w$bo Am[U _wbo : naMwao
qd.Xm. H$aXsH$a: nar J nar, ~mJwb~wdm B. H$[dVm gJh : nm`wba

38 OyZ-Owb 2011

_Joe nmS>JmdH$a : dmT>[XdgmMs ^oQ>,

A\$mQ>amd B. H$[dVm gJh : _moOo
emVm eoiHo$ : PmonoMm Jmd, dm`mMm aJ,
[M_wH$b B. H$[dVm gJh : gwaoe EOgs,
`moZm, J_^Z
B[Xam gV : _m_mMm ~Jbm : `mogZm
MVwa [~a~b, Bgmn ZrVs : `mogZm
amOm _JidoTo>H$a : gwb^ am_m`U, gwb^
_hm^maV, AmdS>`m JmoQ>s B. : `mogZm
[Xbsn ^mdiH$a : ~mo`m gmV~So> :
amOhg
H$me Zmam`U gV : dZdmg, emaXm gJsV
: _mO
AZV ^mdo : nQ>nQ>nya, hgmo hgmo : Aja
O`V ZmaisH$a : o[fV : _mO
g[aVm nXH$s : BYZw`m`m H$_mZsImbs,
O_V Q>ny[Q>yMs : amZdmam
nw.b. XoenmSo> : d`_, _moR>_ ImoQ>_
bsbm Xs[jV : ~hmXya ~y : _oZH$m
.J.gh~wo : m`m`m JmoQ>s, [hVm`m
JmoQ>s, N>moQ>m`m JmoQ>s. : `moZm
`mIoarO Hw$_ma MmXmo~m, [H$emoa, amZdmam, N>m~moYZ B. [Z`VH$m[bHo$,
ZeZb ~wH$ Q>Q>, W_ ~wg, D$Om, gmHo$V `mgmaIs H$mhs H$meZo
_wbmgmR>s XO}Xma gm[h`[Z[_Vs H$aV AgVmV.
gnH$ :(mYwar nwaXao) : 020 - 25467895

eo

OwZo OmD$ m _aUmbmJwZs...

Vs hm ^maVs` AW`dWoMm H$Um

Amho. ^m[VH$ d Am[WH$ JVs [H$Vshs
Pmbs Var _mUgmbm amoO`m
OJ`mgmR>s Oo A Imdo bmJVo `mbm Xwgam
n`m` Zmhs. ho A eoVs jom_YyZM [Z_mU hmoV
Ag`m_wio `m jomMo _hd nydu hmoVo; AmO
Amho; Am[U Cmhs amhUma Amho. hUOo
_Zw`OmV Omon`V `m ^yVbmda Am{VdmV amhsb
Vmoda eoVs Am[U eoVH$ar `mMo _hd [Q>Hy$Z
amhUma ho [H$mbm~m[YV g` Amho. H$mim`m
AmoKmV WmoS>m \$aH$ eoVs H$g`m`m nVs_`o,
[nH$ Ko`m`m nVs_`o, [nH$m`m
\o$anmbQ>m_`o Am[U bmoH$m`m Im`m`m
AmdS>s[ZdS>t_`o Pmbm Amho. JmhH$mbm d
Cn^mo`mbm Oo bmJVo VoM AmnU Cnm[XV Ho$bo
nm[hOo hs OmUsd eoVH$`m_`o dmT>sbm

bmJ`m_wio Am[U ~mOma _mJUs [Z`[V H$arV

Ag`m_wio "OwZo OmD$ m _aUmbmJwZs" `m
`m`mZo eoVH$arhs ZdZdsZ [nH$mH$So> d eoVs`m
AmYw[ZH$ VmH$So> AmVm diy bmJbobm Amho.
`mVM [Z`mVsgmR>s d Xoem`m H$mZmH$mon`mV
_mb nmohMdyZ XmoZ ngo A[YH$ [_i[d`mMs
[Okmgm, AmH$mjm d VXZwf[JH$ OsdKoUs nYm
eoVH$`m_`ohs dmT>sbm bmJ`m_wio Xoem`m d

S>m. gwYsa ^m|Jio

am`m`m doJdoJ`m [d^mJmV hdm_mZmZwHy$b
[nH$nVs Wm[nV hmoVo Amho.
`m gd ~XbmMs d eoVs jomV KS>V Agbo`m
Am_ybmJ H$mVsMs Am[U ZdZdsZ gemoYZmMs
_m[hVs eoVH$`mn`V nmohmoMUo A`md`H$ Pmbo

Amho.
H$[f [dmnsRo> d H$[f emk _moR>s _ohZV
KoD$Z [nH$m`m [d[dY OmVs d dmU [dH$[gV
H$arV AmhoV. A`mdV Aes AdOmao d eoVsbm
ghm` hmoVsb Aes CnH$aUo ~Z[dbs OmV
AmhoV. WmoS>`mV Iyn _moR>m ~Xb H$[f jomV
hmoD$Z Xwgar h[aVH$mVs `eds H$a`m`m [XeoZo
Amn`m gaH$maMs KmS>XmS> Mmby Amho. `m
~XbmMs OmUsd hmoD$Z Z`m [XeoZo OmUo WmoSo>
gwH$a hmdo `mH$[aVm eoVH$`mZs nwT>sb H$mhs
nwVHo$ dmMUo AJ`mMo d A[Zdm` Amho. hs
nwVHo$ hUOo eoVs [dH$mgm`m Z`m [XeoMo
A[V_ g` Agm _mPm Xmdm Zmhs. eoVH$`m`m
OsdZmV MV`mMs EH$ nhmQ> \w$bmds `mgmR>s hs
nwVHo$ Cn`w$ R>aVsb `m [ddmgmZo d AmeoZo hs
`mXs `oWo XoV Amho.

eoVsdaMs [ZdS>H$ nwVHo$

1.

Productivity of water and Land

: Dr. Madhav Chitale, Dr. Jayant Patil

2. EH$m H$mS>mVyZ H$mVs - \w$Hy$AmoH$m _mgmZmo~w

3. Indian
Agriculture
Prof.
V.M.Dandekar

4. _hmamQ>mVsb XwH$mi Am[U

ObgnmsMo [Z`moOZ (n[agdmX ) gnmXZ:
S>m. AmUmgmho~ [eXo
5. eoVs BmBbMs - S>m. gwYsa ^m|Jio
6. H$[fqMVZ - S>m. gwYsa ^m|Jio
7. qgMZ [MVZ - gnmXZ - S>m. [X._m. _moao
8. qgMZ ~moYZ- gnmXZ - S>m. [X._m. _moao
9. AmYw[ZH$ [gMZ nVs - S>m. Eg.~s. dhmSo>
10 nmUs dmnamMo V - dm_s n{bHo$eZ,
AmaJm~mX
11. Xwwg`m Ob d [gMZ Am`moJm`m
AhdmbmVsb eoVs nm`mg~Ys [b[hbobo
MmWo H$aU
12. H$fr namea - 1100 dfmnydu F$fs namea
`mZs [b[hbobm JW
13. H$fr gw$s - H$m`n
14. ~hV g[hVm - damh [_hsa
15. H$mXm bmJdS> - S>m. [H$gZ EH$ZmW bdmSo>
16. CndZ [dZmoX eyanmb - eyanmb
17. XyY `dgm[`H$m - gwYmH$a Omoes

18.
h[aVH$mVs Xwgar ([MVZ) - eaX
ndma `mMs ^mfUo
19.
qb~wdJu` \$bmonmXZ - S>m.
[dZm`H$ [edUH$a, S>m. [dZmoX dOmar, S>m.
`m_[gh
20.
\$io
- aU[OV[gJ
21.
\$iPmS>m`m bmJdS>sMs Am[U
\$io [Q>H$dyZ Ro>d`mMs
Vdo Am[U nVs
- S>m. aK~sabmb
ZmJnmb
22.
eoVsMo H$m`Xo
- eoIa
Jm`H$dmS>
23.
eoVsMs H$maImZXmar S>m.
S>s.EZ. Hw$bH$Uu, S>m. H$Um Hw$bH$Uu
Handbook of Agriculture 24.
Singh

25. CndZ [dZmoX ([H$dm dj Am`wd}X)

emaJYa nVs 1300 dfmnydu eyanmb `mZs

[b[hbobm JW
26. Guide to Agriculture in India - Shovam
27. EH$ hmoVm H$mha
- dsUm JdmUH$a
28. ZsbH$mVsMm nX[Mho
- S>m. _mYd [MVio
29. ICID- Watsave- Edited
- Dr. Madhav chitale
gnH$ : 9823057485
B-ob : sudhirbhongle@gmail.com

OyZ-Owb 2011

39

Jm_sU OsdZmM [V[~~

~m nX_ZOs `mMs "`_wZm n`Q>Z' hs
H$mX~ar 1857 gmbs [g Pmbs.
_amR>sVbs hs n[hbs H$mX~ar Amho Ago
hQ>bo OmVo. H$Uamd ^mboH$a `mMs
"~is~m nmQ>sb' hs Jm_sU H$mX~ar 1888 gmbs
[g Pmbs. "[namOs nmQ>sb' hs YZwYmar (am.[d.
[Q>Ho$H$a) `mMs Jm_sU H$mX~ar 1903 gmbs
H$m[eV Pmbs, _m "~is~m nmQ>sb' hs H$mX~ar
Jm_sU dmVdmMm nwaogm `` XoD$ eH$V
Zg`m_wio VgoM [VMm EHy$U AmdmH$m
H$mX~arEdT>m Zg`m_wio "[namOs nmQ>sb' hs
_amR>sVbs n[hbs Jm_sU H$mX~ar Amho, Ago hQ>bo
OmVo. _amR>sVbs n[hbs Jm_sU H$mX~ar H$moUVs hm
[dMma WmoS>m doi ~mOybm Ro>dbm Var EH$ _m Iao
H$s, _amR>sV`m n[h`m ZmJar H$mX~arZVa [H$Vs
Var C[eam _amR>sV`m n[h`m Jm_sU H$mX~arMm
O_ Pmbobm Amho. Ago hmo`mMo H$maU AWmVM
nQ> Amho. `m H$mimVbm dmMH$ nyUV: ZmJa
hmoVm. Jm_OsdZmMm AZw^d JmR>ses AgUmam
boIH$ `m H$mimV O_mbm `oUohs e` ZhVo. EH$
_m Iao H$s H$Uamd ^mboH$a, YZwYmar (am.[d.
[Q>Ho$H$a), a.dm. [XKo, J.b. R>moH$i AmXs Jm_sU
boIH$mZs _amR>sVsb Amn`m ZVa`m [nT>sVsb
Jm_sU boIH$mgmR>s nm`dmQ> nmS>`mMo _mobmMo
Eo[Vhm[gH$ H$m_ Ho$bo.
1940`m Amgnmg _amR>s boIH$mMm BJOs
dmL>_`mes gnH$ dmT>bm. [edm` Jm_OsdZmMm
`j AZw^d Agbobo Zd[e[jV Jm_sU VU
[ejUm`m, ZmoH$ar`m, `dgm`m`m [Z[_mmZo
ehamV `oD$ bmJbo. ehamV Wm[`H$ hmoD$ bmJbo.
`m`mnH$s gOZmMs j_Vm Agbobo VU Jm_sU
gm[h` [Z[_Vs H$$ bmJbo. BJOs dmL>_`m`m
gnH$m_wio Ho$di ZmJarM Zho, Va Jm_sU
boIH$m`m dmL>_`sZ Om[Udm [dH${gV hmoD$
bmJ`m. `m Jm_sU d ZmJar boIH$mnH$s `H$Qo>e
_mS>JyiH$a, JJmYa JmS>Jsi, nw.^m. ^mdo, Aa[dX
JmoIbo ho _wI boIH$ hmoV.
1940`m AJmoXa _amR>s gm[h` hUOo
H$mX~ar ho g_sH$aU $T> Pmbobo hmoVo. 1940ZVa
_amR>sV [Z`VH$m{bHo$ N>mnbs OmD$ bmJbs.
`m_wio H$mX~ar ~amo~aM H$Wm, H$[dVm AmXs
d$nmMo boIZhs O_mbm `oD$ bmJbo. `H$Qo>e
_mS>JyiH$a `m`m boIZmMm [deof Agm H$s,
Amn`m AJmoXa [b{h`m Jobo`m Jm_sU
gm[h`mVbm _mUyg MwH$sMm Amho, A[VaOsV Amho,

~m

40 OyZ-Owb 2011

AdmVd Amho, IamIwam, dV:Mo aJ$n Agbobm

Jm_sU _mUyg W_M _amR>s gm[h`mV AmUsV
AmhmoV, `m_wio _amR>s dmMH$mes `mMm ZsQ>ZoQ>H$m
n[aM` H$$Z m`bm hdm. `H$Qo>e _mS>JyiH$a
Amn`m H$Wm H$mX~`mVyZ XoemV`m _mUgm`m

am. a. ~moamSo>
MohaonsMs, aJ$nmMs, gd`s-bH$~tMs,
doe^wfmMs, MmbsarVsMs, OsdZ OJ`m`m
nVsMs EdT>s hw~ohw~ dUZ H$m H$aVmV `mM H$maU
AmnUmg `oWo [XgV. EH$ _m Iao H$s `H$Qo>e
_mS>JyiH$amZs _amR>s Jm_sU _mUgmMs H$$Z
[Xbobs AmoiI BVH$s n[anyU hmoVs, BVH$s n$s
hmoVs H$s `m`m ZVa`m Jm_sU boIH$mZm Jm_sU
_mUgm[df`s [b{hVmZm MmMnS>md bmJb Zmhs.
eH$a nmQ>sb d X._m. [_amgXma ho `H$Qo>e
_mS>JyiH$am`m [nT>sVbo XmoZ _hdmMo Jm_sU
boIH$. eH$a nmQ>sb `mZs _w`V: J^sa H$Vs`m
H$Wm [b{h`m. X._m. [_amgXma `mMm gmam ^a
[dZmoXs H$Wm boIZmda. eH$a nmQ>sb ho Jm_sU
_mUgm`m _Zmbm [^S>bo. `m`m _ZmMs nXZo
`mZs Zo_Ho$nUmZo [Q>nbs. A[^`$s`m ~m~VsV
`mZs OmUsdnydH$ H$mhs `moJ Ho$bo.

gOZesb boIH$ hm O_mdm bmJVmo, ho [H$Vshs

Ia Agb Var `mbm [ejUmMs Amob
[_im`m[edm` `m`mVbm boIH$ AHw$arV hmoV
Zmhs. _amR>s Jm_sU gm[h`mMm [dMma H$aVmZm hs
~m~ [deofdmZo bjmV `mds bmJVo. [ejUm`m
~m~VsV AmUIs EH$ ~m~ An[ahm`nUmZ KS>Vo.
[ejU ho da`m Vamd$Z [PanV Imb`m
VamH$So> OmVo. ho EH$Xm AmnU bjmV KoVbo H$s,
Jm_sU gm[h`mMo {dcofU H$aUo gwb^ hmoVo.
`H$Qo>e _mS>JyiH$a, eH$a nmQ>sb, X._m.
[_amgXma hs Jm_sU gm[h`mMs n[hbs [nT>s. `m
[nT>sVbo ~hwVme Jm_sU boIH$ g_mOm`m da`m
VamVbo AmhoV. dmV`moma H$mimV [ejUmMs
Amob [PanV [PanV OgOes Imb`m VamH$So>
OmD$ bmJbs VgVgo `m `m VamVbo boIH$ _amR>s
Jm_sU gm[h`mMs [Z[_Vs H$$ bmJbo. hs Jm_sU
gm[h`mMs Xwgar [nT>s. Xwg`m [nT>sVbo ~hwVme
boIH$ `j eoVs `dgm`mda Adb~yZ
AgUm`m eoVH$`m`m KamVbo. AmZX `mXd,
Zm.Ymo. _hmZmoa, am.a. ~moamSo>, MHw$_ma ZbJo,
X.Vm. ^mogbo hs `mnH$s H$mhs R>iH$ Zmd.
n[h`m [nT>sV`m _amR>s Jm_sU gm[hp`H$m`m
gm[h`mV JmdmVbm _mUyg Ambm, KamVbm _mUyg
Ambm; nU [edmamVbm, `j eoVs H$aUmam
eoVH$ar $[MVM Ambm. Xwg`m [nT>sV`m Jm_sU
gm[h{`H$m`m gm[h`mV JmdmVbm, KamVbm,
ZmVsJmoVs OnUmam, OmonmgUmam _mUyg Va AmbmM
nU `m[edm` [edmamVbm, eoVsV H$m~mS>H$Q>
H$aUmam _mUyg Ambm. `m`m gwI-Xw:ImMm _amR>s
dmMH$mZm n[aM` KS>bm.
`H$Qo>e _mS>JyiH$anyd H$mimV OmZnX JsV
[b{hbs Iar; nU, `m OmZnX JsVmZm H$[dVm
hUU AdKS> Amho. Jm_sU gm[h`m`m n[h`m
[nT>sV Jm_sU H$[dVm boIZ Pm`mM A^mdmZM
[XgV. _m, Xwg`m [nT>sV AmZX `mXd `mZs H$mhs
_mUmV d Zm.Ym|. _hmZmoa `mZs nwaoem _mUmV
IarIwar Jm_sU, dmVdmM ^mZ Agbobs _amR>s
Jm_sU H$[dVm [b[hbs. AmO [b[h`m OmV
Agbo`m H$[dVmMs _wi AmnUmg Zm.Ymo.
_hmZmoam`m H$[dVm_`o AmT>iVmV.
1960`m gw_mamg Jm_OsdZmV {W`Va gw$
Pmbs. gwdmVs`m H$mimV `m {W`Vambm JVs
ZhVs; nU, hiyhiy hs JVs dmT>V Jobs.
XiUdiUmMs gmYZ dmT>bs. Jmd VoWo Eg.Q>s.
Jobs. IoS>mMm ehames gnH$ dmT>bm. ~bwVoXmar

_moS>sV [ZKmbs. JmdJmS>m hs gH$nZm T>mgiV

Jobs. [d{hardaMs _moQ> Jobs. B[OZ Ambo. ZmJa
Jobm. ZmJamMs OmJm Q>Q>aZo KoVbs. JmdmoJmds
emim [ZKm`m. Vmbw`m`m Jmds _hm[dmb`o
[ZKmbs. IoS>mnmS>mVbo gw[e{jV VU
ZmoH$ar`m [Z[_mmZo, `dgm`m`m [Z[_mmZo
ehamV Ambo. ehar Pmbo. Jm_OsdZmV Pmbobm
~Xb Jm_sU gm[h{`H$mZs Amn`m gm[h`mVyZ
Zo_Ho$nUmZ [Q>nbm.
`mM H$mimV Jm_sU gm[h`mMs Midi gw$
Pmbs. hs Midi Ho$di Qy>_ hUyZ gw$ Pmbs
ZhVs Va n[a{WVsMm EH$ An[ahm` ^mJ hUyZ
gw$ Pmbobs hmoVs. Jm_sU ^mJmV`m Zd
[e[jVm_`o PnmQ>mZo dmT> hmoV Mmbbs hmoVs.
Zd[e[jVm`m `m dmT>s~amo~aM ZdboIH$m`m
g`oVhs dmT> hmoV Mmbbs hmoVs. Zd[e[jVm`m
dmT>s_wio ZmoH$ar`m gYsV KQ> hmoV Mmbbs hmoVs.
`m_wio Vmbw`m`m Jmds XoIsb ZmoH$ar [_i[dUo
d dmV` H$aUo ^mJ nS>V hmoVo. n`m`mZo Z`mZo
[b[hUm`m Jm_sU boIH$mZm Vmbw`m`m Jmds
dmV` H$a`m[edm` `m`mg_moa A` n`m`
ZhVm. n[h`m d Xwg`m [nT>sV`m ~hwVme
Jm_sU boIH$mMo dmV` _moR>m ehamV H$m Amho
d `m H$mimV`m AWdm `m`mZVa`m
H$mimV`m Z`mZo [b[hUm`m Jm_sU boIH$mMo
dmV` Vmbw`m`m Jmds H$m Amho ho `md$Z
nQ> hmoBb. Odinmg gJis [g{_m`_
_moRm ehamV AmhoV. hs _m`_ n[h`m d Xwg`m
[nT>sbm [OVH$s Odi hmoVs [VVH$s ZVa`m
[nT>sV`m boIH$mZm ZhVs. dmL>_`sZ
dmVmdaUmMmhs A^md hmoVm. `m boIH$mZm hs
[g{_m`_ doR>sg YarV hmoVs. Aem n[apWVsV
H$m` [bhm`bm hd Am[U H$g [bhm`bm hd `mM
^mZ AmO`m boIH$mZm `m`bm hd hmoV. `mM
[ZH$S>sVyZ Jm_sU gm[h`mMs Midi gw$ Pmbs.
`m MidisZ ho Am_^mZ XoUm`m Jm_sU gm[h`
Midi Mmb[dUm`m Xwg`m [nT>s`m da [ZX}e
Ho$bo`m boIH$m_mUoM Xwg`m d [Vg`m
[nT>s`m gs_oda`m ^mH$a MXZ[ed, dmgwXod
_wbmQo,> S>m. ZmJZmW H$moVmno AmXs boIH$mMmhs
g_mdoe hmoVm. Jm_sU gm[h`m`m [Vg`m
[nT>sV`m boIH$m_`o m_w`mZo [ddmg nmQ>sb,
gXmZX Xoe_wI, ~m~mamd _wgHo$, amOZ Jdg,
eofamd _mo[hVo, ^r_amd dmKMmao, B[OV ^mboamd
AmXs boIH$mMm g_mdoe hmoVm. Jm_sU gm[h`
MidisZ Amhmbm Zm Am_^mZ [Xb Zm
Am_~i [Xb Zm [Xem [Xbs Ag `m [nT>sV`m
Hw$`m boIH$mM hUU Agob Va "e` Amho'

mPr AmdS>Vs nwVHo$

~[hUm~mBMs JmUs - ~[hUm~mB MmYar gw[Mm H$meZ, _w~B
AmB Amho eoVmV - a.dm. [XKo - boIZ dmMZ
^mS>ma, nwUo
~ZJadmS>s - `H$Qo>e _mS>JyiH$a
YJ - Cd O. eoiHo$ - nm`wba H$meZ,
_w~B
JmoVmdim - AmZX `mXd - _mO H$meZ, _w~B
amZmV`m H$[dVm - Zm.Ym|. _hmZmoa - AO~
H$meZ, H$mohmnya
amVdm - MHw$_ma ZbJo - AO~ H$meZ,
H$mohmnya
~mb_wR>sVbo [Xdg - X.Vm. ^mogbo - gmHo$V
H$meZ, AmaJm~mX
Om^H$S>h - ^mH$a MXZ[ed - [V^mg
H$meZ, na^Us
[dfdjm`m _w`m - dmgwXod _wmmQ>o - d$n
H$meZ, AmaJm~mX
PmS>mPS>Vs - [ddmg nmQ>sb - amOhg
H$meZ, nwUo

VUH$Q >- amOZ Jdg - gmHo$V H$meZ,

AmaJm~mX
YyinoaUs - eofamd _mo{hVo - Xoe_wI H$nZs,
nwUo
Q>mhmo - B[OV ^mboamd - [V^mg H$meZ,
na^Us
amZIiJs - ^s_amd dmKMmao - gmHo$V
H$meZ, AmaJm~mX
~mamo_mg - gXmZX Xoe_wI - H$m{Q>Z|Q>b
H$meZ, nwUo
Ago Hw$U~s ^ynmi - ^maV H$mio - Xoe_wI
H$nZs, nwUo
nmS>m - AemoH$ H$m[VH$ H$mois - eXmb`
H$meZ, lsam_nya
BS>m[nS>m Q>imo - Amgmam_ bmo_Qo> - Xoe_wI
H$nZs, nwUo
amXim - H$UmV ImoV - nm`wba H$meZ,
_w~B
MmaIUs - [dO` Omdio - OZe$s dmMH$
Midi, AmaJm~mX
gm[h`[Z[_Vs H$arV Amho. `m gm[hp`H$m_`o
m_w`mZo Amgmam_ bmo_Qo>, H$UaV ImoV, AemoH$
H$mVsH$ H$mois, [dO` Omdio, AO` H$mS>a,
H$me [H$ZJmdH$a, EH$ZmW nmQ>sb, gVmof ndma,
b_U _hm{S>H$, Ho$ed Xoe_wI, ~mbmOs BJio,
H$nZm XwYmi AmXs gm[hp`H$mMm g_mdoe
Amho.eoVsMs [deofV: H$moaS>dmhy eoVsMs dmT>Vs
XwadWm, `m XwadWo_wio [Zame, hVme
Pmbobm eoVH$ar, Jm_sU amOH$maU, ZmoH$`mVb
dmT>V AWH$maU, `m AWH$maUm_wio gw[e{jV
~oH$ma Jm_sU VUm`m dmT>`m g`o_wio [Z_mU
Pmbobo Z, ho Am[U `mgmaIo A` [df` ho
gm[h{`H$ g_WnUo eXm[H$V H$arV AmhoV.
Jm_sU gm[hp`H$m`m dmhmZ Ho$di _amR>s
gm[h`mMm dmh g_ Ho$bm Ago Zmhs, Va _amR>s
Jm_sU _mUgmM dmV`moma H$mimVrb OJU
AYmoao{IV Ho$b.
gnH$ : 9422203373

Ag `mda Am_M hUU Agob. [dH$mgm`m

ZmdmImbs ^H$mg hmoV Mmbbobs IoS>s,
g_`mJV eoVH$`mM OJU `m [nT>sV`m
gm[hp`H$mZs eXm{H$V Ho$b.
Jm_sU gm[h{`H$mMs MdWs [nT>s g`m Jm_sU

Ao[aHo$Mm {dH$mg Pmbm XmoZ JmoQ>twio :

EH$ hUOo a`mMo Omio Am{U Xwgao hUOo
JWmb`mMo Omio...

OyZ-Owb 2011

41

H$moemMm YmS>moim !

amR>sV ZmZm[dY [df`mZm dm[hbobo H$moe

AmhoV. Jo`m eVH$mV AZoH$ H$Q>mZm
Vm|S> XoV S>m. Ho$VH$amZs _amR>s
kmZH$moemMo Vodsg IS> [Z_mU Ho$bo; Va _hmamQ>
am`m`m WmnZoZVa [ddH$moemMo IS> H$_e:
[g
hmoD$
bmJbo.
_wbmgmR>sgwm
[ddH$moe[Z[_Vs Mmby Amho. n. _hmXodems
Omoes mZs "^maVs` gH$[VH$moem'Mo gnmXZ
Ho$bo. lsam_ nmSw>aJ H$m_V mZs "_amR>s [dd
M[aH$moem'Mo XmoZ IS> [g Ho$bo.
doUs_mYdems Omoes d Zmam`U har Omoes m
gnmXH$`mZs "Am`wd}Xs` _hmH$moe' (XmoZ IS>)
gnm[XV H$$Z Am`wd}Xm`m A`mgH$mMs _moR>s
gmo` Ho$bs Amho. d[XH$ dmL>_` d A` gH$V
JWmV AZoH$ WimMo CoI `oVmV. `m `m
WimMs _m[hVs XoVmZm [godaems [Mmd mZs
Ho$di gH$VMm AmYma Z KoVm n[e`Z, JsH$,
~m, OZ, [MZs gm[h` d [ebmboI m_Ysb
_m[hVsMo narjU H$$Z [IS>m_H$ "mMsZ
^maVs` WbH$moe' [bhyZ _mobmMs ^a KmVbs
Amho. b.Jmo. [dPo mZs "gH$V-_amR>s
gw^m[fVH$moem'V gH$V cmoH$m~amo~a da[MV
_amR>s cmoH$ XoD$Z Cn`w$Vm dmT>[dbobs Amho.
darb gd H$moemMm gH$Ves Hw$Ro> Zm Hw$Ro> g~Y
Amho. `m_wio [OkmgyMs _moR>s gmo` Pmbs Amho.
_amR>sV [d[dY H$moemMs nanam hiyhiy $T> hmoV
Amho. _mVs [MV_ns mMm "n[jH$moe', e._.
^mboamd mMm ^maVs` "g[aVmH$moe' ho XmoZ H$moe
CoIZs` AmhoV. n[jH$moemV n`mMo aoIm[M,
`mMs A` ^mfmVsb Zmdo Am[U ems` _m[hVs
[X`m_wio Ag` n[j[_mZm EH$ _moR>m _mJXeH$
bm^bm Amho. mnydu S>m. gbs_ Abs mZs
BJOsV [d[dY nwVHo$ [b[hbs hmoVs. ^mboamd
_yiMo B[OZrAa. `mZs AWH$ n[al_mZo ^maVmVsb
XmoZ hOma ZmMs _m[hVs "g[aVmH$moem'`m VsZ
IS>mV EH$ [Xbs Amho. gm_m[OH$ "kmZH$moe' d
"AWemH$moe' ho S>m`_S> n{bHo$eZ m H$meZ
gWoZo [g Ho$bo AmhoV.
_amR>sV [d[dY [df`mdaMo H$moe CnbY Agbo
Var dmZJsXmIb H$mhtMm da CoI Ho$bm Amho. m
boIm`m _`mXoV `m`m~b g[dVa [b[hUo
e` Zmhs. `m_wio eXH$moe d `wn[mH$moe
m`mnwaVm nam_e KoVbm Amho.
AJXs n[hbm H$moe `mXdH$mimV gH$V`m
YVuda ZmWnWs`, _hmZw^mds d ho_ms gXm`s

42 OyZ-Owb 2011

n[S>VmZs Ho$bm Agmdm. VWm[n, nYam`m eVH$mV

XmamO _hmZw^md mZo _hmZw^md nWmVsb gmV
_wI JWmVsb H$R>sU eXmMm H$moe [b[hbm `mg
"Q>sn' Ago Zmd [Xbo. amOdmS>m`m nmh`mV
kmZodarH$moe hmoVm. Vmo VsZeo-gdmVsZeo dfmMm
OwZm AgyZ `mV kmZodarVsb eX AH$ma[dho
[Xbobo AmhoV. `mMo [VeX AdmMsZ _amR>sbm
OdiMo AmhoV. `m H$moemV `m`mhyZhs mMsZ
H$moemMm hdmbm [Xbobm Amho. amOdmSo> hUVmV
H$s, ho_mS>nWmZo gH$V-_amR>s H$moe aMbm hmoVm;
nU Vmo CnbY Zmhs. VgoM amOdmSo> mZs
Co[Ibobo 1239n`VMo XmoZ H$moe (EH$ ew

gwaoe nmSw>aJ dmKo

_amR>s Va Xwgam gH$V-_amR>s ) Xw_ui AmhoV.
_wgb_mZm`m AmH$_Um_wio _amR>s
^mfoV \$meu, VwH$u d Aa~s eX Kwgbo hmoVo.

ls[ed N>nVtZs dam`mMs WmnZm H$aVmZm

_amR>s ewsH$aUmgmR>s "amO`dhmaH$moe' [Z_mU
H$a`mMs Amkm emgH$ aKwZmW Zmam`U hU_Vo
mZm [Xbs. `mZs Yw[S>amO `mg m`m gmhm`mZo
hm H$moe [g Ho$bm. hs KQ>Zm B.g. 1678Ms
Agmds.
ls[ed^yZs N>mnImZm gw$ Ho$`mMo dmMZmV
hmoVo. nU `mbm XwOmoam XoUmam nwamdm hmVmes Zmhs.
BJOs Am_XmZsV H$ao Zmdm`m [_eZ`mZo
1810_`o _amR>s eXmMs `mXs [g Ho$bs. hmM
H$aoMm H$moe hmo`. Vmo lsam_nya `oWo N>mnyZ [g

Ho$bm. [deof hUOo _amR>s eX _moS>s [bnsV XoD$Z

`mMo AW BJOsV [Xbo hmoVo. `mZVa 1824_`o
H$Zb Ho$ZoS>s mZo _amR>s-BJOs d BJOs-_amR>s
Agm bhmZ H$moe [g Ho$bm. m H$moemMo AmYma
JW hUOo A_aH$moemMo ^mfmVa, gaH$mar
H$mJXnmVyZ AmT>ibobo _amR>s eX Am[U H$Q>Z
H$mH$gmR>s `m`m XmoZ _wesZs V`ma H$$Z [Xbobo
hVboI EdTo>M hmoVo. `mMo _amR>sMo kmZ AJXs
_`m[XV hmoVo. `m_wio mbm H$moe hUVm `oUo
H$R>sU Amho.
gZ 1829_`o OJmWems H$_dV,
~miems KJdo, JJmYaems \$S>Ho$, am_Mems
OmZdoH$a, gImam_ Omoes, XmOsems ewb Am{U
naewam_nV JmoS>~mobo mZs "_hmamQ> ^mfoMm H$moe'
gnm[XV H$$Z "_w~B [ejm_S>is'`m
[eimN>mnIm`mV N>mnbm d [g Ho$bm. ems
_S>itMm ^aUm Ag`m_wio hm H$moe emmMm H$moe
hUyZ AmoiIbm OmVmo. "_hmamQ> ^mfm hUOo
_hmamQ> Xoes amhUmao Oo XoeW ~mUm[XH$ bmoH$
`mMs ~mobm`mMs mH$V ^mfm' Aes gnmXH$mZs
_amR>s ^mfoMs `m`m Ho$bs Amho; `m_wio m
H$moembm AZoH$ _`mXm nS>`m AmhoV.
em`mMm H$moe d _mogdWMm _amR>s-BJOs
eXH$moe Odi Odi EH$mM dois V`ma hmoV hmoVo.
nU Oo.Q>s. _mogdW d H$S>s mZs gnm[Xbobm H$moe
XmoZ dfmZVa hUOo 1831_`o [g Pmbm.
`mnydu [g Pmbo`m [dgZMm gH$V-BJOs
H$moe, H$aoMm H$moe, JUoe _Zmoha`m dmMma d
hUs B`mXr JWmMm AmYma KoVbm Amho. `mIoarO
gaH$mar hwHy$_mZo IoS>mnmS>mVyZ _amR>s eX
O_[d`mV Ambo. m AmdmsV Mmisg hOma eX
Va 1857`m Xwg`m AmdmsV gmR> hOma eX
hmoVo.
aKwZmW ^mH$a JmoS>~mobo mZs 1863_`o
"hgH$moe' aMbm. [ddoH$[gYw, kmZodar, EH$ZmWs
^mJdV B`mXr doXmVna JW dmM`mg Cn`moJ
hmdm hUyZ hgH$moe Cn`w$ hmoVm. nU, _amR>s
^mfoVsb M[bV [H$dm An^Q> eX [Xbobo
ZhVo.
~mbH$U _hma ~sS>H$a mZs _amR>s H$[_H$
ghm nwVH$mVsb eXmMm gJh AgUmam
"aZH$moe' 1869_`o N>mnyZ [g Ho$bm.
"hgH$moe' d "aZH$moe' ho Xmohs H$moe _`m[XV
hmoVo.
_oOa H$S>sZo BJOs-_amR>s H$moe 1847_`o

[g Ho$bm. `mbm _w~B gaH$ma d _mogdW

mMo gmhm` hmoVo. `mgmR>s H$S>sZo OmgZMm
BJOs H$moe CVadyZ KoVbm Am{U _mogdW`m
_amR>s-BJOs eXH$moemMm AmYma KoV Amnbm
BJOs-_amR>s eXH$moe aMbm.
"_amR>s ^mfoMm ZdsZ H$moe' [H$dm amOdmSo>
`mbm gwdh H$moe hUVmV Vmo aKwZmW ^mH$a
JmoS>~mobo mZs 1870_`o aMbm. _w~B
gaH$ma`m Im`m`m hwHy$_md$Z hm N>mnbm
Amho. m H$moemgmR>s em`m`m H$moemMm AmYma
KoVbm Amho. nU "... \$ma AdKS> Oo ems`
gH$V eX d ... gmYmaU eX dJiyZ hm H$moe
Ho$bm Ag`m_wio `mMs `ms [dm`mnwaVs
_`m[XV Pmbs Amho.
[dUw am_M ~mnQ> d ~miH$U [dUw n[S>V
m XmoKmZs 1891_`o [g Ho$bobm "ew _amR>s
H$moe' [Z_mU H$aVmZm _mogdW, JmoS>~mobo d
hgH$moemMo gmhm` KoVbo. VWm[n, hm H$moeXoIsb
darb H$moem_mUo embmon`moJs dmQ>Vmo.
bmoH$_m` [Q>iH$mMo Zohs _mYdamd Zm_Omoes
mZs _moR>m _amR>s - _amR>s eXH$moemMs aMZm
H$a`mg Ama^ Ho$bm hmoVm. `mgmR>s `mZs
_mogdW`m _amR>s - BJOs eXH$moemMo ^mfmVa
H$$Z KoVbo. `mV hgH$moe, eoVH$s _m[gH$,
[Z~Y_mbm, [en[dm, ZmZm[dY YXo, H$bm,
Cn^mfm, H$m`JWmVsb AdVaUo mMs ^a
KmVbs. nU, `m`m AH$mbs [ZYZm_wio hm
Anwam d A[g am[hbm. nwTo> XmVo-H$d} `mZm
"_hmamQ> eXH$moe' aMVmZm m H$moemMm Cn`moJ
Pmbm.
AmZX m ~mb_m[gH$mMo gnmXH$ dmgwXod
Jmo[dX AmnQo> mZs "_amR>s eXaZmH$a'
1922_`o [g Ho$bm. `mgmR>s `mZs
1908nmgyZ Ama^ Ho$bm. nmo`m, OwZs H$mJXno
MmiVmZm `mZm `mV AnnmR> d MwH$sMo AW
AmT>ibo. [dmZmes MMm H$$Z `mZs eXmMm
AW [Z{MV Ho$bm. nydu [g Pmbobo _mogdW
H$S>s H$moe, hgH$moe mMm AmYma KoVbm.
gVdmL>_`mVsb _amR>s`m EHy$U EH$ eX KoVbo
ZmhsV. eXmMo AW g[dVa ZmhsV. ~mobs^mfm
[H$_mZ nMdsg EH$ Ag`m Var "eXaZmH$am'V
gdmMm mH$V AgmM CoI Ho$bm Amho. `m_wio
EH$ embmon`moJs H$moe Aes g^mdZm H$amds
bmJob. Jmonmi ~m~mOs Omoes mZs gnm[Xbo`m
"dOH$moem'Ms Cn`w$Vmhs embmon`moJs H$moe
AesM Amho.
[dmYa dm_Z [^So> mMs _amR>s ^mfoMm
gadVsH$moe, [MemimZo 1930_`o [g

Ho$bm. mMs `ms "eXaZmH$am'nojm _moR>s

Amho. nU, _mogdW`m H$moemVsb gd eX
KoVbobo ZmhsV. A[e[jV bmoH$m`m Vm|S>Mo eX
KoVbo AmhoV; nU, Vohs _`m[XV AmhoV. ~Iar
Eo[Vhm[gH$ H$mJXnmVsb, ems`, YXodmMH$
eXmMm A^md Amho. AemH$mao m H$moemV
~`mM wQ>s AmhoV.
amOdmSo> mZs [demb _amR>s H$moemMs H$nZm
[bhyZ Ro>dbs hmoVs. `m`m H$nZoZwgma gd
~mobtMm g_mdoe Agbobm H$moe, ZmZm[dY
AdVaUmgh V`ma hm`bm nm[hOo hmoVm. ~`mM
Aes `m`m Anojm nyU H$aUmam H$moe `edV
am_H$U XmVo d [MVm_U JUoe H$d} `mZs _hmamQ>
H$moe _S>i WmnyZ AmR> IS>mV 1932 Vo 1950
`m H$mbmdYsV [g Ho$bm. hmM H$moe "_hmamQ>
H$moe' [H$dm XmVo-H$d} H$moe hUyZ [g Amho.
Ho$di Jm[WH$ _amR>s eXmMs Zho, Va Jmo_VH$s`
d H$moH$Us eXmMs XIb `mZs KoVbs Amho.
_amR>sVsb dmMma d hUtMm m H$moemV
g_mdoe Ho$bm Agbm Var dmMma - hUtMo
gImob [ddoMZ H$aUmam {IS>m_H$ H$moe `mZs

"_hmamQ> dmgXm` H$moe' m ZmdmZo [g

Ho$bm.
"_hmamQ> eX H$moe'`m dmV`H$mimV Xwgar
d [Vgar Amdms [g Pmbs Agbs Var m
Xmohs Amdms Ho$di nwZ_wU AmhoV. `mV
H$meH$mZo H$moUVshs ^a Q>mH$bs Zmhs [H$dm
Xw`m Ho$bo`m ZmhsV.
.Z. Omoes mMm "AmXe _amR>s H$moe'
1968_`o W_ [g Pmbm. AbsH$So> `mMs

gmVds Amdms (nwZ_wU) [g Pmbs. n[h`m

AmdVsV Agbobo Xmof Hw$Ro>hs XwV Ho$bobo
ZmhsV. CXmhaUmW, S>mbaMs `m`m `m`m
A_o[aHo$Vsb gmo`mMo ZmUo Aes Ho$bs Amho.
dmV[dH$, 1968_`o S>mbaMo ZmUo,
A{VdmVM ZhVo Am[U gmo`m`m S>mba
EH$mo[Ugm`m eVH$mV nmS>bm OmV hmoVm.
"n[jUs'Ms `m`mXoIsb AMyH$ Zmhs. nydu
[g Pmbo`m AZoH$ H$moemVsb eXmW Ogo`m
Vgo CMbbo AgyZ `m`mda gnmXH$mMm qH$dm
_w[VemoYH$mMm hmV [\$abobm Zmhs.
`.Z. Ho$iH$a mMm "Eo[Vhm[gH$ eXH$moe'
1962_`o [g Pmbm. `mM H$moemMs Xwgar
Amdms AbsH$So> S>m`_S> n{bHo$egZo [g
Ho$bs. Xwg`m AmdmsV Z`m eXmMs ^a
KmVbobs Agbs Var nwadUs eX AH$ma[dho
[Xbobo ZmhsV. AJmoXa Agbobo eXhs nwadUsV
Ogo`m Vgo _wUXmofmgh [Xbobo AmhoV. gdmV
_moR>s CUsd hUOo gX^JWmMs `mXs [Xbobs
Zmhs. `m_wio eXm`m nQ>sH$aUmW [Xbobs
AdVaUo H$moU`m nmVyZ AJa ~IarVyZ KoVbr
AmhoV Vo H$iV Zmhs.
_amR>s - BJOs ^m[fH$ H$moe ~m~m nX_ZOs
mZs A compendium of marathi & English
Dictionary m ZmdmZo 1863_`o [g Ho$bm.
_mogdW d _oOa H$S>s m H$moem`m AmYmao
AmnU H$moe [Z_mU Ho$bm, Ago nX_ZOs `mZs
VmdZoV mObnUo Z_yX Ho$bo. _amR>s-BJOs_amR>s Agm [^m[fH$ H$moe _YwgyXZ ls[Zdmg
ga_moH$X_ `mZs V`ma Ho$bm. `mMm n[hbm IS>
The New Standard Dictionary m ZmdmZo
[g Pmbm.
EZ.~s. amZSo> mMs The Twentieth
Century English-Marathi Dictionary e^a
dfmnydu [g Pmbs, `mZs Ho$bobo g[dVa
[ddoMZ AmOhs Cm_ _mZmdo bmJVo. `m
ImbmoImb gmohmoZs m`m {S>eZarbm _mZ mdm
bmJob.
_amR>s-BJOs eXH$moemV _m.H$m. XoenmSo>
mMm eXH$moe Amho. nU, Vmo Xw_ui Ag`m_wio
nmh`mV Ambm Zmhs. mMsZ _amR>s dmL>_`mMm
A`mg H$aVmZm Cn`w$ R>aUmam H$moe hUOo A
Dictionary of old Marathi hm hmo`.
gVdmL>_`mMo JmTo> A`mgH$ e.Jmo. Vwinwio d
A_o[aH$Z gemoYH$ _Z \o$S>hmg m XmoKmZs
[_iyZ _amR>s-BJOs H$moe [b[hbm Amho. AZoH$
[R>H$mUs nQ>sH$aUmW EH$mhyZ A[YH$ AdVaUo
[Xbs AmhoV. AMyH$VoMm d [Z:g[XYnUmMm

OyZ-Owb 2011

43

_mZXS> hUOo hm H$moe hmo`. Ad`m XeH$mVM hm

Xw_ui hmdm mVM mMs bmoH$[`Vm Amho.
eXH$moemBVH$mM
_hdmMm
hUOo
`wn[mH$moe hmo`. "_amR>s `wn[mH$moe' hm EH$_od
H$moe CnbY Amho. Vmo H$.nm. Hw$bH$Uu mZs
[b[hbm hmoVm. nwadUsgh [Vgar Amdms
1993_`o [g Pmbs. _m, _yi H$moe [V$n
_wUmZo d nwadUs gJUH$mZo Ho$bs Amho. [edm`
ewboIZmV Iyn \$aH$ Amho. `m_wio EH$mM
H$moemV XmoZ H$maMo _wU d ewboIZ ZOaog
IQ>H$Vo.
BJOsV eog[nAa`m dmL>_`mda AmYmabobo
H$moe AmhoV. Vem H$maMm Amo `m`m "JmdJmS>m'
m g_mOems` JWmda AmYmabobm "JmdJmS>mMm
1. XmVo, `edV am_H$U d H$d} [MVm_Us JUoe
"_hmamQ> eXH$moe' _hmamQ> H$moe _S>i, nwUo,
[d^mJ
n[hbm d gmVdm m`m VmdZm
2. _amRo>, X.A. amOH$moe, JWmbs, 12 \o$~wdmar
1986
3. gh~wo, A[dZme, Ow`m _amR>s H$m`mVsb
Xw~m}Y eXmMm d[eQ>nyU H$moe, _hmamQ>
Q>mBg, 6 E[b 1991
4. Yule, Henry and Burnell, A.C HobsonJobson, 1986 reprint published by Rupa
& co. New Delhi, 2002

5. ^mQ>dSo>H$a, _mo.[d. _amR>s n`m`s eXmMm

H$moe, gmYZm H$meZ, nwUo, 25 _mM 2000,
VmdZm
6. H$hmS>H$a, Ho$.gs. ~m~m nX_ZOs : H$mb d
H$Vd, _hmamQ> am` gm[h` Am[U gH$Vs
_S>i, _w~B, 1979 n[a[eQ> "eXaZmdbs'
7. dmKo, gwaoe nmSw>aJ, gH$nZmH$moe : IS>
n[hbm, JWmbs, _w~B 25 AmJQ> 2010
8. fQ>emmVsb Xw~m}Y eXmWmMm g`mdmMH$
eX, AZ_mob H$meZ, E[b 2001
eXH$moe' hm Aem H$maMm n[hbm H$moe Amho.
BJOsV [~[Q>emMs Amg\$S> [S>eZar Va
A_o[aHo$V doQ>a [S>eZar AmXe _mZbs OmVo.
H$Zb hoar `yb d E.gs. ~Z}b m XmoKm BJOmZs
hmgZ OmgZ ZmdmMm H$moe 1886_`o [g
Ho$bm. `m H$moemV AZoH$ ^maVs` eXm`m
Hw$iH$Wm gmYma AdVaUmgh Xo`mV Am`m
AmhoV. "_moha' eXmMm gZ 1200nmgyZ
1829n`VMm B[Vhmg XoD$Z `oH$ [R>H$mUs
AdVaUo [Xbs AmhoV. boIH$`tZs _amR>s, [hXs,

44 OyZ-Owb 2011

CXy, \$maes B`mXs ^maVs` ^mfm~amo~a \o$M,

nmoVwJsO dJao `wamo[n`Z ^mfmMm AmYma KoVbm
Amho. Aem H$maMm [dVV _amR>s eXH$moe
([H$~hwZm H$moU`mhs ^maVs` ^mfoVsb H$moe)
Am[n [b[hbm Om`Mm Amho.
eXH$moem~amo~a g_mZmWu d [dmWu
eXm`m H$moemMm [dMma Ho$bm nm[hOo. Aem
H$maMm n[hbm H$moe hUOo A_aH$moe. Vmo
A_a[ghmZo gH$V_`o ghm`m eVH$mV [b[hbm.
Vmo nsQ>a _mH$ amoOo (Roget) m`m nmh`mV
Ambm. `mbm Vmo \$magm ngV nS>bm Zmhs. VarnU
`mnmgyZ oaUm KoD$Z 1852_`o Thesauras of
English Words and phrases [g Ho$bm. hm
H$moe ~m~m nX_ZOs m`m AdbmoH$ZmV Ambm

B_maVsMr ^y[_H$m [H$dm nm`m Amho Ago g_Omdo.

`m B_maVsMm ~oV `oWo gmJdV Zmhs, d [VMm
ZH$mem H$mTy>Z XmI[d`mMs JaOhs [XgV Zmhs.'
_amR>sV g_mZmWu eXmH$moe ~aoM [g Pmbo.
AbsH$So> hUOo 1995_`o X.Zm. _hmOZ m`m
A[^Zd g_mZmWu Am[U [dmWu _amR>s eXH$moe
Am[U `.Zm. dmbmdbH$a m`m "g_mZmWu' Am[U
"[dmWu eXH$moe' [g Pmbo. Va _mo.[d.
^mQ>dSo>H$a mMm "_amR>s n`m`s eXm'Mm H$moe
Am[U [d.e. R>H$ma m`m A[^Zd _amR>s_amR>s-BJOs n`m` eXH$moe ho XmoZ EH$mM dfu
hUOo 2000_`o [g Pmbo.
_wimV ho H$moe _w`V: g_mZmWu [H$dm n`m`
eXH$moe AmhoV. `mVhs ~hwVoH$ eX [ZdSyZ

9.The students New Sanskrit Dictionary: [S>g|~a 1995

Sanskrit into English, Marathi & Gujrati,
15. OmYd am.J. d XogmB, d.X. 5 Vo 10 ds
Devathali, G.V. et all 11th reprint K.B. ls[dm embo` _amR>s eXH$moe, ls[dm
Dhawale, Mumbai, April 2004
H$meZ nwUo, AmJQ> 1995
10. hU_Vo, ls. em. g`m gHo$VH$moe, 16. gm_V gdesbm, eXmZX ([^m[fH$
VVs`mdms, gmX H$meZ, nwUo, 1980
H$moe), S>m`_S> n{bHo$eg
11. Dowson, John ,`A classical 17. ^mQ>dSo>H$a, _mo.[d., amOhg `mdhm[aH$
Dictionary of Hindu mythology and _amR>s eXmW H$moe, amOhg H$meZ, nwUo.
18. _hmamQ> gaH$maMs H$meZo
19. _amR>s H$S> eXH$moe
20. Vm_si _amR>s eXH$moe
21. CXw-_amR>s-[hXs eXH$moe, lsnmX Omoes,
Religion, Geography,
(n[hbs AmdVs : _hmamQ> gaH$ma, Xwgar AmdVs:
History and Literature, third reprint [ZVsZ H$meZ )
Rupa & co., 1987
22. nR>mU, `y. _. \$meu-_amR>s `wnms H$moe
12.A{hmos, X. h. "A[^Zd _amR>s-_amR>s 23. nQ>dYZ, _mYd (_mYd Oy[b`Z) \$meueXH$moe, hsZg H$meZ, nwUo, AmQ>mo~a _amR>s eXH$moe
1983
24. e.Am. namS>H$a, dkm[ZH$ nm[a^m[fH$ gkm
13.AmnQo>, dm.Jmo. [dVm[aV eXaZmH$a, daXm (dZnVsem-`m`mgJh) gm[h` Am[U
~wg, 1993
gH$[V _S>i, _hmamQ> am`, _w~B 1977.
14. ~Zh>s, ls.Zm. d Y_m[YH$mar ^mD$, gwJ_
_amR>s eXH$moe, gw[dMma H$meZ _S>i, nwUo,

_hdmMo H$moe

Am[U `mnmgyZ \y$Vu KoD$Z `mZs "eXaZmdbs'

ZmdmMm [M_wH$bm H$moe aMbm. "_amR>s [dmWu d
boIH$ m`m Cn`moJmgmR>s' aMbo`m m
H$moemVsb n[h`m ^mJmV 358 _yi eX d AW
[H$dm [dVma XeH$ 4853 eX AmhoV. Xwg`m
^mJmV 265 _yi eX d `mMo gmXm[`H$ eX
6582 AmhoV. H$moem`m eodQ>s XmoZ AZwH$_[UH$m
(gyMs) OmoS>`m AmhoV.
~m~m nX_ZmOs mZs VmdZoV hQ>bo Amho
H$s, "hs Ho$di nwTo> C^mam``m EH$m _moR>m

`mZm n`m`s eX gwM[dbo AmhoV. `m_wio m

H$moemMm Cn`moJ A[Ve` _`m[XV Amho. "[Wgmag'
m H$nZo`m Odinmghs ho n`m`s eXH$moe `oD$
eH$V ZmhsV.
amoOo`m [WgmagMs [Vgar Amdms 1978_`o
[g Pmbs. H$mimZwgma [WgmagMs H$nZmhs
~XbV Jobs. g_mZmWu eXm~amo~a `m gH$nZoes
g~{YV Zm_o, [deofUo, [H$`m[deofUo, [H$`mnXo,
Am[U _m[hVsnyU Vo AmYw{ZH$ "[Wgmag'_`o
g_m[dQ> H$a`mV `oD$ bmJbo. $[MV gJs

AdVaUohs Xo`mV `oVmV. _amR>s_mUo [hXsV

XoIsb ^mobmZmW [Vdmar mZs [b[hbobm "~hV
n`m`dmMs' H$moe hmoVm. nU, amoOo`m [Wgmagda
AmYmabobm H$moe Aa[dX Hw$_ma d Hw$gw_ Hw$_ma m
n[VnZsZo {Z_mU Ho$bm. Vmo 1996_`o "g_mVa
H$moe' hUyZ [g Pmbm._yi H$moe gw_mao Mmaeo
EH$ nR>mMm d gyMs EH$ hOma nR>mMs hmoVs.
^maVs` ^mfoV {Z[_bobm hm n[hbm [Wgmag hmoVm.
"g_mVa H$moe' amoOo`m [Wgmagda AmYmabobm
Amho ho Iao Agbo Var ^maVs` ^mfmMs OS>UKS>U
bjmV KoVbobs ZhVs. H$maU, ^maVs` ^mfmV
[H$`mnXmnydu [H$`m[deofUo `oVmV d BJOsV ZVa.
[WgmagMm hm H$_ g_mVa H$moemV nmibm Amho.
Xwgar CUsd hUOo [Wgmag_mUo Vo$ [Xbobo
ZmhsV. _amR>sV [Wgmagda AmYmabobm H$moe
[Z_mU H$a`mMm `Z gw_mao nMdsg-Vsg df}
Mmby hmoVm. `mnydu [g Pmbobo _amR>sVsb
eXH$moe d n`m`dmMs H$moe Am[U [hXsVsb
"g_mVa H$moe' ZOaog_moa Ro>dyZ gwaoe nmSw>aJ dmKo
mZs "gH$nZmH$moe' V`ma Ho$bm. EHo$H$ eX

[H$dm gH$nZm KoD$Z `mg~YsMo g_mZmWu eX

W_ XoD$Z ZVa gH$nZoes g~[YV Vo$, Zm_o,
[deofUo, [H$`m[deofUo d [H$`mnXo Aes aMZm m
H$moemV dsH$mabs. CXmhaUmW Ar m eXmMo
W_ g_mZmWu eX [Xbobo AgyZ `mZVa ArMo
H$ma (EH$, XmoZ, VsZ, nmM, gmV, Xhm d Voam
Ar d A` H$ma) EH$m V`mV; [dVd [R>UJs,
[ZImam, dmbm B`mXtMo g_mZmWu eX d `mMo
H$ma, Ases g~[YV BVa _m[hVs d Zm_o,
[deofUo, [H$`m[deofUo d [H$`mnXo Aes gd
_m[hVs AH$ma[dmZwgma [Xbs Amho. H$moemMo
Y_, H$mb, [dd, mUs d dZnVs, _mZds eara,
Hw$Q>w~gWm, ZmJ[aH$ OsdZ, JUmdJwU _Z d
d^md d b[bVH$bm Ago Xhm [d^mJ AmhoV.
H$moemMs `ms gw_mao XmoZ EH$ hOma nRo> AgyZ
gH$nZmH$moe nmM IS>mV [d^mJbobm Amho.
n[hbm IS> JWmbsZo ZwH$VmM [g Ho$bm
AgyZ BVahs `WmdH$me H$m[eV H$a`mMo `Z
Mmby AmhoV. (_amR>sV gH$nZmH$moe ZmdmMm
AmUIs EH$ H$moe CnbY Agbm Var `mV

gm[h`mVsb dmL>_`sZ gH$nZmMs _m[hVs

g_m[dQ> Ho$bobs Amho.)
~m~m nXZOs mZs nm`m KmVbm `mda ^`
B_maV C^s H$a`mMo dZ gmH$mabo Jobo ~amo~a
XsS>eo dfmZs. amOdmSo> mZs ~hH$moemMo dZ
nm[hbo Vo H$Ys `jmV CVaUma? BJOs`m
OJmVsb [d[dY ~mobtMs XIb KoUmam _hmH$moe
Slang m ZmdmZo [g Pmbobm Amho. _amR>s`m
[H$_mZ nMdsgEH$ Var ~mobs AmhoV. `mMm
gImob A`mg H$$Z EImXm ~mobtMm H$moe V`ma
H$a`mMo `Z hmoVsb H$m`? XmVo - H$d} mZs
[Z_mU Ho$bo`m dmMma hUtMm H$moe Cn`w$
Amho mV eH$m Zmhs. nU, AZoH$ dmMma d
hUs AOyZn`V IoS>monmS>s dmna`m OmVmV. `m
EH$ H$$Z dmMma - hUtMm nwadUs IS>
nmh`mMo ^m` Ho$hm bm^Uma? H$s hs dZo
`jmV CVaUmM ZmhsV?
gnH$ : 022 28752675

Am_M "[dMma'YZ
_

hm_m JmYsOtZs 1908_`o "[hXdam`' ho nwVH$ [b[hbo. `m_`o

`mZs, ^[d`H$mimV ^maVmZo H$moU`m
[XeoZo dmQ>Mmb H$amds `mg~Ys _m[bH$ [dMma
_mS>bo. ^maVs` ZmJ[aH$ [Z^` Agmdm, A`m`
Am[U [df_Vm `mZm `mZo gVV [damoY H$amdm,
An`VoMm H$bH$ ZQ> hmdm, {`mZm nwfm`m
~amo~arZo WmZ Agmdo ho JmYsOtMo [dMma H$moUsM
A_m` H$$ eH$Uma Zmhs. JmYsOtZs dV:`m
Am_H$Wog "_mPo g`mMo `moJ' hQ>bo hs _moR>s
AWnyU JmoQ> hmo`. g` hmM Bda ho JmYsOtMo
dMZ gw[g AgyZ, BdaoNo>IoarO EH$ nmZhs
hbV Zmhs Aes JmYsOtMs lm hmoVs. naVw,
XZ[XZ OsdZmV _mUgmZo H$moU`m H$Vs H$am`mV
`m[df`s hs lm H$moUVoM _mJXeZ H$aV Zmhs.
hUyZM BdaoN>m H$m` ho R>a[d`m`m ^mZJS>sV
Z nS>Vm _`IbZesb d gdk Zgbo`m Aem
gdgm_m` _mUgmZo g` hmM Bda _mZmdm, hm
[ZH$f `mZs "g`mMo `moJ'_YyZ H$mT>bm.
_amR>sVyZ Ambo`m JmYtZs _m`mgma`m`m
AZoH$ [nT>mda ^md Q>mH$bm Amho. XmXm
Y_m[YH$mar ho JmYsdmXs. `mZs "s-nwf
ghOsdZ' ho nwVH$ [b[hbo Amho. _s `mbm XmoZ
"OmVs'_Ysb amOH$maUmdaMo nwVH$ _mZVmo! s d

nwf `mZs EH$_oH$mZm Amn`m gwImon^moJmMo gmYZ

_mZbo, Va `mVyZ AZWH$maH$ emofUM Cn hmoVo.
s-nwfmV nana [Z^`Vm d [dew Zoh _mSy>
bmJob, VohmM dmV[dH$ g_mZVoMs WmnZm
hmoBb, Aes _mS>Us XmXmZs Ho$bs Amho.
{`mdarb dmT>`m A`mMmam`m H$mimV
XmXm`m [dMmamMo _mob> H$fmZo OmUdVo.
Wmoa JmYsdmXs AmMm` ^mJdV `mMo gM[bV
dmL>_` _hmamQ> am` gm[h` gH$Vs _S>imZo
[g Ho$bo Amho. _m, _m`m Q>sZo AmMm`

ho_V XogmB
OmdSo>H$a [b{IV "AmYw[ZH$ ^maV' hm
amOH$maUmdaMm gdmV _hdmMm JW hmo`.
noedmB`m AVmnmgyZ bmo. [Q>iH$m`m
[ZYZmn`V`m eVH$mV [hXwWmZmV d [deofV:
_hmamQ>mV `m dMm[aH$ Midis Pm`m `mMo
AmMm`mZs `mV Ho$bobo {dcofU gd_m` Pmbo
Amho. _hmamQ>mMo Wmoa VdqMVH$ dm_Z _hma
Omoes `mZs JsVmah`mZVa Wmoa JW hUyZ
"AmYw[ZH$ ^maVm'Mm CoI Ho$bm. `mV
JmYsOs`m amOH$maUmMo d VdkmZmMo ems`
^y[_Ho$d$Z Ho$bobo [ddoMZ A[^Zd Ag`mZo

`mMo [hXs-JwOamVsVyZhs AZwdmX Pmbo. `m JWmV

EHo$ [R>H$mUs OmdSo>H$a hUVmV, "Ho$di ^m[VH$
[doMs CnmgZm H$aUmao bmoH$ AY:H$mamV nS>VmV
d Ho$di Am{_H$ [dmonmgZm H$aUmao `mVyZhs
Kmoa AYmamV nS>VmV.' `mMm AZw^d AmYw[ZH$
`wamon`m d Jo`m XmoZ-VsZeo dfm`m ^maVs`
B[Vhmgmd$Z OJmbm Ambobm Amho. AmYw[ZH$
^maVmZo `mMs A`V A[ZQ> \$io ^anya MmIbobs
AmhoV. Vohm `mnwTo> Vmo ^m{VH${dm qH$dm
AmpH$ {dm `mnH$s Hw$UmH$S>ohr Xwbj H$arb,
Ago dmQ>V Zmhr.
XwXdmZo amoO`m amoO Ag`mMo `moJ H$aUm`m
am`H$`mZs hm YS>m Z KoV`mZo AmnU AmO`m
AdWoV `oD$Z nmohmoMbmo AmhmoV...
dmV`nydH$mimV AZoH$ amOH$s` Zo`mZs
OZOmJVsgmR>s nH$m[aVoV CS>s KoVbs. [edam_nV
namOno `mZs "H$mi' ho gmm[hH$ gw$ Ho$bo. [Q>iH$
d `m`m "Ho$gar'Mm `m`mda ^md hmoVm. _m,
[edamVnVmZm ge H$mVsMo JyT> AmH$fU hmoVo.
`mMo boIZ [Q>iH$m_mUo amoIR>moH$ ZgyZ,
dH$mo$s`m d dmL>_`m`m AJmZo OmUmao hmoVo.
"H$mi'_Ysb boIZm`m AmYmao namOno `mZm
amOmohs R>adyZ `mZm H$mamdmgmda YmS>`mV
Ambo. "H$mi'_Ysb [Z~YmMo gJh [ZKmbo hmoVo. Vo

OyZ-Owb 2011

45

O H$a`mV Ambo. dmV`dsa gmdaH$am`m

dmbmJmhs boIZmMm n[aUm_ (ghm gmoZoar nmZo,
_mPs O_Ro>n) Z Pmbobm _amR>s _mUyg emoYyZ
gmnS>Uma Zmhs. [Q>iH$m`m Ohmb Am[U
AmJaH$am`m gwYmaH$ [dMmamMm dmagm Amn`mbm
bm^bobm AmhoM. S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$amZs
"_yH$Zm`H$', "~[hH$V ^maV', "g_Vm' Am[U
"OZVm' `m dmnmmao OZOmJVs Ho$bs.
~m~mgmho~mZs BJOsV [dnwb JWboIZ Ho$bo. nU,
"ZdmH$mi'_YyZ [hXs MbZnVs, "Ho$gar'VyZ
eoVH$`mMm Z "[d[dYdmm'VyZ ago _H$S>moZS> d
[hXwWmZ Aem [df`mda `mZs boI/boI_mbm
[b[h`m, ~m~mgmho~mZs ~s.E. BJOs d n[e`Z ho
[df` KoVbo Agbo, Var `mMm _amR>s gm[h`mMm
`mgJ [dVV hmoVm. "OZVm'_`o `mZs [b[hbo`m
boImMm gJh nwVH$$nmV [g Pmbm Amho.
[hXw_hmg^m H$moS> [~bmMs ~R>H$, An`mMm ZKaMm d amQ>mMm, Y_mVam`m KmofUonydu EH$ df,
b~mS> H$moU- H$mJog H$s _OwamMo nwT>mar?, [hXs
amOH$maUmMm [dMH$m, XJm Pmbm! XJm Pmbm H$mhs
CJmM Zmhs `mbm... hs boImMs esfHo$ dmMbs Var
~m~mgmho~m`m boIZebsMs H$nZm `oBb. A`V
g_nH$ d VH$ew `w{$dmX Am[U ^[d`Xeu Q>s
hs `mMs boIZ d[eQ>o.
g`w$ _hmamQ> MidisVsb EH$ IXo ZoVo hUOo
AmMm` Ao. `m AmXmobZm`m ~mV`m _w~BVsb
BJOs dmno XoV ZgV. `m X[ZH$mMo _mbH$ A_amR>s
hmoVo. `m dmnmda ~[hH$ma Kmb`mMo AmdmhZ
AmMm` Ao d A` Zo`mZs Ho$bo. `mVyZM dV
X[ZH$ H$mT>mdo, Aes _mJUs _amR>s ^mfH$mZs Ho$bs.
bmoH$dJUs Jmoim Pmbs. "_amR>m' ho Zmd goZmnVs
~mnQ> `mZs gwMdbo. amOH$s` - gm_m[OH$ [df`mda
[b{hVmZm A`m`m boIUsbm Yma `oV Ago. Ao
[df` gmonm H$$Z gmJUmao [ejH$-gnmXH$ hmoVo.
`mZm A`m`, A`mMma, ^Q>mMma ghZ hmoV Zgo.
_moamaOs XogmB, H$mH$mgmho~ JmS>Jsi `m ^wVtda Vo
VwQy>Z nS>V. `m`mda `mZs ho MT>[dbo, `m
`$s [ZdV`mZVa, A`mZs `m`mda A[V_
AJboI [b[hbo. `m AJboImMs nwVHo$ Pmbs.
A`mMo lmObsna AJboI "g_mYsdarb Alw' d
"gy`mV' `m XmoZ nwVH$mV gJhsV Pmbo AmhoV.
_hmamQ>m`m `m gwdU_hmogds gmJVm dfmV
AmMm` A|Ms AmR>dU hmoUo An[ahm` Amho. nm.dm.
JmS>Jsi `mMs nH$m[aVm doJ`m H$maMs. Amn`m
boIZmVyZ-JWmVyZ `mZs bmoH$mZm _mgdmX
g_OmdyZ gm{JVbm. Zaha Hw$XH$a `mMo boIZhs
~w[[ZR>, VH$gwgJV Am[U naIS>. `oH$ ZmMo
Vo Ago [S>goeZ H$aV H$s `mMo Zmd Vo. "[edam'

46 OyZ-Owb 2011

Am[U "OmJa'Zo Va AZoH$ gm_m[OH$ H$m`H$`mMm

dMm[aH$ nm`m _O~yV Pmbm. [dMma Zgbo Va ZwgVo
gVa`m KmbyZ amOH$maU - g_mOH$maU hmoV ZgVo,
ho bmoH$mZm H$iy bmJbo.
_S>bdmXmnydu Hw$XH$amZs Ho$bobs hs _mS>Us
Amho. "go`wb[aP_ Am[U Vmo_' `m boImV
Hw$XH$amZs Ho$bobs hs EH$ [Q>nUs nmhm. OZgK,
Ama.Eg.Eg., [hXw_hmg^m Ag`m H$ma`m
njmVM [hXy OmVs`dmX AgVmo, Ago Zmhs. Vgo
AgVo, Va \$ma ~ao Pmbo AgVo! gd go`wba njmZm
[_iyZ 70 %`m Amgnmg _VXmZ hmoV AgVo. [hXy
OmVs`dmmMo gdmV _moRo> g_yh [ZY_unUmMm ~waIm
nmK$Z go`wba njmVM R>mU _mSy>Z ~gbobo AmhoV.
hUyZ _w{b_ OmVs`dmXm[d PJS>`mMm
H$moR>bmhs H$m`H$_ nwTo> aoQ>UoM H$R>sU Pmbo Amho.

Hw$XaH$am_mUoM m. _o.nw. aoJ|Zm S>mdbyZ nwTo>

OmVmM `oUma Zmhs. "[hXy Ym[_H$ nanam Am[U
gm_m[OH$ n[adVZ' Am{U "BhdmX Am[U gdY_
g_^md' `m nwVH$mVsb `mMo [MVZ AmO`m
H$mimVhs _hdmMo dmQ>Vo. BgmMm ~[bZMo boIZhs
(dmV`m`m XmoZ gH$nZm) `mZs _amR>sV AmUbo.
aoJo _wimV VdkmZmMo m`mnH$ "`y o$Q>' mk
nmR>emioMo "Zd^maV' `m _m[gH$mMo gnmXH$ Am[U
[ddH$moe _S>imMo A`j hUyZ `mZs Ho$bobs
H$m_[Jar bjUs`M. amOH$maU, Y_H$maUmH$So> EH$
Vdk H$gm ~KVmo, `mMm `` _o.nw.`m
gm[h`m_YyZ `oVmo.
_amR>sV [hXs_Ysb H$mhs Cm_ nwVHo$ AZwdm[XV
Pmbs AmhoV. lsnmX Ho$iH$a d BXw_Vs Ho$iH$a `m
JmYsdmmZs am__Zmoha bmo[h`m `m`m JWmMm "XmoZ

h`mao gmmYm`mMs : ^mfm Am[U OmVr' hm [g

Ho$bobm AZwdmX. `m_`o "^maVm_Ysb
emgH$dJ'_`o bmo[h`m `mMs XyaQ>s [XgyZ `oVo.
AmUs~mUsV [g Pmbobs O`H$me Zmam`U `mMs
"dJV' _amR>sVyZ AmUbo Vo nw.b. XoenmSo> `mZs.
g_mOdmXs ZoVo Eg.E_. Omoes `mMo "_s, Ego_',
`edVamd MhmU `mMo "H$UmH$mR', H$mH$mgmho~
JmS>JsimMo "n[WH$' hs Am_M[ao amOH$maU g_OyZ
Ko`mgmR>s dmMbsM nm[hOoV. [dMmadV d ebsXma
boIH$ hUyZ ZmZmgmho~ Jmoa|Mo Zmd _moRo>. `m`m
[ZdS>H$ gm[h`mMm gJh "Zmam`Us`' dmMZs`
Amho. `m_`o "Ego_ : EH$ [deofZm_' hm boI Anyd
Amho. "Y_ amQ>mMs AmYma[ebm ~Zy eHo$b H$m?'
dJbT>m, dJg_d` H$s dU-dJ-_w$s `m_Ysb
`mMo [ddoMZ _ZZs` Amho.
S>m. e.Zm. ZdbJwXH$a `mMs am`emmdarb
nwVHo$ [g AmhoV. nU, "[ZdS>H$ amOH$s`
[dMma'_`o `mZs _mgdmX, \$[gP_, Aam`dmX,
gdm}X` `mMs gwaoI AmoiI H$$Z [Xbs Amho.
AemM YmQ>UsMo AmUIs EH$ nwVH$ hUOo
gmZoJwOs O_eVmXs A[^`mZm`m [Z[_mmZo amQ>
godm XbmZo H$mT>bobo "[dgm`m eVH$mVsb
[dMmadmh', ^maVs` dmV` Midis`m [Z[_mmZo
_hmamQ>mV Oo [dMmadmh [Z_mU Pmbo, `mMo
{dcofU d _y`_mnZ H$a`mMo H$m_ Z[bZs
n[S>VmZs "_hmamQ>mVsb amQ>dmXmMm [dH$mg'_YyZ
Ho$bo. Xoem`m gX^mV _hmamQ>mMm AmYw[ZH$ B[Vhmg
g_OyZ Ko`mg hm JW Cn`w$ Amho. "_[Pb AOyZ
XyaM Amho' `m Am_M[am_`o JJmYa [MQ>Usg
`mZs [d_Vs`m JV}V OmD$ nmhUmam [JaUJmd d
[JaUs H$m_Jmam`m MidisMm amo_mMH$mar B[Vhmg
[OdV Ho$bm Amho.
Jmo[dX VidbH$a `mZs "[Q>iH$XeZ', "~mi
JJmYa [Q>iH$', "ZdamoOs Vo Zoh$', "gmmVa :
1947' dJao JW [b[hbo. "^maV Am[U OJ' hm
`mMm Zdm JWhs _moR>m d A`mgnyU Amho.
H$moU`mhs XoemMo naamQ> YmoaU d `mMo Am[WH$
YmoaU d amOH$maU hs gd nanamdb~s AgVmV.
`m_wio ^maVm`m naamQ> YmoaUmMm AmT>mdm KoVmZm
`m`m Am[WH$ YmoaUmMm d amOH$maUmMm AmT>mdm
KoUo H$_m hmoVo. Vgm Vmo KoVbm Ag`m_wio hm
dV ^maVmMm YmdVm B[VhmgM hUVm `oBb. `m
JWmgmR>sMs gX^gyMsM 12 nR>mMs Amho. `md$Z
boIH$mZo [H$Vs _ohZV KoVbs Amho Vo nQ> hmoVo.
gXmZX _moao `mMo "VwH$mam_ XeZ' [g Amho.
"bmoH$_m` Vo _hm_m' `m [IS>m_H$ JWmV `mZs
_hmamQ>mV EH$mo[Ugm`m eVH$m`m CmamYmnmgyZ
[dgm`m eVH$m`m CmamYmn`V Omo B[Vhmg KS>bm,

`mMo H$mhs kmV-AkmV H$Jmoao COoS>mV AmUbo

AmhoV. bmoH$_m` Vo _hm_m hm gKf _w`V:
_hmamQ>s` ~mUm_Ysb AVJV gKf hmoVm.
[Q>iH$m`m H$mhs ~mU AZw`m`mZs `m
n[adVZmbm H$gyZ [damoY Ho$bm, ho Iao Amho. naVw,
Vmo [damoY _moSy>Z H$mT>sV JmYtMo ZoVd _hmamQ>mV
Wm[nV H$a`mMo H$m`hs _hmamQ>mVsb ~mU
dJmZoM Ho$bo, Ago gy_ {dcofU `mZs `m JWmV
Ho$bo Amho. hm JW [bhyZ _moao `mZs _hmamQ>mda
CnH$maM Ho$bo AmhoV.
_amR>sOZmZm AWH$maUmMs \$maes Ms Zmhs,
Ago hQ>bo OmVo. Am_mT>s gmJ`mgmR>s Zho,
nU dVw{WVs Z_yX H$a`mgmR>s _s gmJVmo H$s,
_amR>s Am[WH$ nH$m[aVoMm dmh gw$ H$a`mMo
^m` _bm bm^bo. "H$JmbmMo AWem',

"CQ>mdaMm dmg' amoMH$ Amho. J[a~sV [Xdg

H$mT>Um`m _hmamQ>s` _mUgmZohs [ZM`mZo Am[U
[MH$mQ>sZo H$m_ Ho$`mg CnmXH$ `dgm`mV Vmo
`eds hmoVmo ho `m Am_H$Wod$Z H$iVo.
"JwOamVs `mnmar \$gdo Am[U _hmamQ>mVsb
m_m[UH$' hm g_Ohs A`V MwH$sMm Amho.
1948bm H$mH$mgmho~m`m `dgm`mbm Oohm
Am[WH$ Amnms ghZ H$amds bmJbs, Vohm _mb
Cm_ AgyZhs `m`m ~hwVoH$ _hmamQ>s`
[dVaH$mZs `m`m _mbmMo [dVaU gmoSy>Z [Xbo.
"`mV H$_mB Zmhs Vo H$m H$am`Mo' Ago gmJyZ!
CbQ> gwaV`m JwOamVs [dVaH$mZs "Vw_`mH$So>
ngm Zmhs Vohm Amhmbm H$[_eZ XoD$ ZH$m, naVw
_mb nmR>[dV amhm. nwadR>m ~X Ho$bm Va [JhmBH$
VwQo>b,' Agm Ysa `mZm [Xbm. Amn`m AZoH$

"hoS>hQ>a'_YyZ dmMZs`ar`m noe Ho$bs Amho.

am~Q> Eb hob~mZaMo "X dS>bs [\$Q>gm\$g' ho
nwVH$ Amho. `mMm "AWemmMo [enH$ma' hm
AZwdmX m. ~mi JmS>Jsi `mZs Ho$bm Amho. AS>_
{_W, _mWg, Ho$g Am[U H$mb _mgMo
[dMma[dd `mV gmH$mabo Amho.
`edV n[S>Vamd ho Zmd _amR>s dmMH$mZm \$mago
kmV Zmhs. "JmYs`Z AmoM Qw> BH$mZm[_H$
So>hn_|Q>' hm JW `mZs BJOsV [b[hbm Amho.
`mZs ^maVmVsb Jm_sU Ammo[JH$sH$aUmMo boIZ
Ho$bo Amho. Amn`m gm_m[OH$ d amOH$s`
g_`mMo _yi ~oamoOJmarV Amho; Vs Xya H$a`mgmR>s
Jm_sU jombm [dH$mg H$m`H$_mV AJH$_ [Xbm
nm[hOo `m Om[UdoVyZ Vo [b[hbo Amho. Jm_sU
nVnwadR>m nVsVsb Cno[jV KQ>H$, _hmamQ>mMs

dmMm`bm hdrV Aer nwVHo$

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

g`mMo `moJ :
_hm_m JmYs
AmYw[ZH$ ^maV :
AmMm` e.X. OmdSo>H$a
_mPs O_Ro>n :
dmV`dsa gmdaH$a
"OZVm'_Ysb boI :
S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a
H$hoMo nmUs :
AmMm` Ao
gy`mV :
AmMm` Ao
[edamJ :
Zaha Hw$XH$a
OmJa :
Zaha Hw$XH$a
dmV`, g_Vm Am[U `m` : m. _o.nw. aoJo
XmoZ h`mao gmmYm`mMs ^mfm Am[U OmV
S>m. am__Zmoha bmo[h`m
dJV :
O`H$me Zmam`U
_s Ego_ :
Ego_ Omoes

"gmaWs' d "Amnbm AWgH$n' hs nwVHo$ _s

[b[hbs. m. Ama.E_. JmoIbo `mMs AWemmdarb ~arM nmR>nwVHo$ AmhoV. "_m`H$mo
BH$mZm[_H$ [WAar'bm Vo "gm{_H$ AWem'
hUV, Va "[WAar Am\$ [S>[_[ZqeJ [aQ>g'bm
"KQ>`m \$imMm [gmV' Ago g~mo[YV.
e$ amJUoH$a ho "BZ X dS>abS> Am\$ B[S>`Z
_ZoOg' `m JmObo`m BJOs nwVH$mMo H$V}. "BZ X
dS> Am\$ H$mnm}aoQ> _ZoOg' `m AmUIs EH$m
nwVH$mV `mZs ^maVmVsb `dWmnH$s`
n[a{WVsMo CH$Q> {dcofU gmXa Ho$bo Amho.
"`dWmnZmMs _ybVdo' hm `mMm AZwdmX
H$me Am_oS>m `mZs Ho$bm Amho. `m nwVH$mV
Ama.Ho$. b_U `mMs CH$Q> `J[Mo bm^bs
AmhoV.
H$bsZMo gWmnH$ H$mH$mgmho~ XmSo>H$a `mMo

13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.

H$UmH$mR> :
n[WH$ :
Zmam`Us` :
[ZdS>H$ amOH$s` [dMma :
_[Pb AOyZ XyaM Amho :
^maV Am[U OJ :
bmoH$_m` Vo _hm_m :
H$mhs Am[WH$ H$mhs gm_m[OH$ :
`dWmnZoMs _ybVdo :
CQ>mdaMm dmg :
BYZ :
eoVs Bm`bMs :
AWemmMo [enH$ma :

g_OwVs H$em MwH$s`m AgVmV ho `md$Z [XgVo.

^mH$a OmoetMo "^maVmMm Am[WH$ Vmio~X'
doYH$ Amho. dV: AW`dhma jomV H$m_ Ho$`mZo
Vo AZw^d[g Amho. _w~B [dmnsR>mMo _mOs
Hw$bJw$, ImgXma ^mbM _wUJoH$a `m`m
nwamoJm_s amOH$s` Am[WH$ YmaUm "BYZ' _YyZ
nQ> hmoVmV. Jmode h`m~XsMo AWem, naXoes
dmnmMs JaO H$m`? ls_Vmda A[YH$ H$a
hdmM, Om[hamVs Am[U ^mS>dbemhs hs `mVsb
boImMs esfHo$M ~mobH$s AmhoV.
[Jare [Q>iH$ ho EH$ `eds hoS>hQ>a AmhoV.
H$mnmoaoQ> OJVmVsb CnXW emoYyZ Xo`mMm hm
`dgm`. Vmo `wamonmV _moR>m Pmbm Agbm, Var
^maVmV Vmo amJ`m AdWoV Amho. `m jomV [Jare
`m AmOmar _wbmZo Os [H$_`m gmYbs, `m`m
YS>nS>sMs H$hmUs gw_oY dS>mdmbm ([ag~yS>) `mZs

`edVamd MhmU
Z.[d. JmS>Jsi
AUmgmho~ Jmoao
e.Zm. ZdbJwXH$a
JJmYa [MQ>Usg
Jmo[dX VidbH$a
gXmZX _moao
g.h. XoenmSo>
e$ amJUoH$a
H$mH$mgmho~ XmSo>H$a
^mbM _wUJoH$a
gwYsa ^m|Jio
AZwdmXH$ - ~mi JmS>Jsi

~bwVoXma `moOZm dJaodarb `mVsb [ddoMZ

A`mgnyU Amho.
eoVH$ar gKQ>ZoMo ZoVo eaX Omoes `mMs _Vo
gdmZm _m` hmoVsb, Ago Zho; nU, "dmV` H$m
Zmgbo?' `m N>moQo>ImZs nwVH$mV `mZs
amOH$maUmBVH$sM AWH$maUmMshs MMm Ho$bs
Amho. OmoetMo B[VhmgmMo AmH$bZ Am[U
g_H$mbsZ dmVdm~bMs `mMs _Vo nyUV:
Amo[a[OZb AmhoV, R>m_ AmhoV.
AWem Am[U g_mOem `m`m gs_maofm
OoWo EH$_oH$mZm [^S>VmV, `m mVmV`m [df`mMs
[M[H$gm `.h. XoenmSo> `mZs "H$mhs Am[WH$ H$mhs
gm_m[OH$'_`o Ho$bs Amho. YZO`amd JmS>Jsi ho
_hmamQ>mMo AW^yfU `mZs [Z`moOZ Am`moJmda
H$m_ Ho$bo, VgoM _hmamQ>mVsb ghH$mar
Midis_mJo oaUm `mMsM hmoVs. JmS>Jsimmo

OyZ-Owb 2011

47

boIgJh [g Pmbo AgyZ, `md$Z `m`m

koMs H$nZm `oVo. [d._. XmSo>H$amZs _w`V:
BJOsVM boIZ Ho$bo nU `mMo H$mhs boIZ
_amR>sVhs Amho.eaX ndma `mMs ^mfUo d _w$
gdmX `mda AmYmabo`m "nYm H$mimes' `m
JWmMo gnmXZ AU [Q>Ho$H$a `mZs Ho$bo AgyZ,
OmJ[VH$sH$aUm`m gX^mVsb AmhmZmMm `md$Z
AX_mg `oVmo. Zsam AmS>maH$a-_sZm _oZZH$V "H$Wm
_w~B`m [JaUJmdmMs' hm [JaUs H$m_JmamMm
_m[IH$ B[VhmgM Amho.
dmbMX [hamMX, eVZwamd [H$bm}H$a,
Amnmgmho~ Jadmao `mMs M[ao _amR>sV CnbY
AmhoV. _m, AmYw[ZH$ AWH$maUm~b _amR>sV
nwaogo boIZ Pmbobo Zmhs.
OJmMo amOH$maU d AWH$maU BVHo$ JwVmJwVsMo
Pmbo Amho H$s `mMm doJdoJ`m H$moZmVyZ doY
`m`bm hdm, hs JwVmJwV bmoH$mZm g_OmdyZ m`bm
hds. OmVdmX, Y_dmX, dJdmX `m~b`m
~Xb`m YmaUm bjmV KoD$Z [bhm`bm hdo. gs.n.
Ioa `mZs AWem d AW[gmVmda H$mhs nwVHo$
[b[hbs AmhoV. naVw, Z`m Am[WH$ OJVmda
[b[h`mgmaIo CXS> Amho. amOH$maUmdahs VoM VoM
bmoH$ `mM `mM YVuMo [b[hVmV. \o$e ZOaoVyZ
H$moUs [b[hbo, Va Vo bmoH$mZm hdo Amho.
"Vw_`m [b[h`m_mJo oaUm H$m`?' Ago EH$m
nsEM.S>s.`m [dm[WZsZo [dMmabo, Vohm nw.b.

CXJmabo H$s, oaUm dJoao eXmMs YmVs dmQ>Vo

_bm, gai _amR>sV [dMmamd H$s ~wdm H$m [b[hVm
Vwhs? AWmV, _bm g`m Vwhs H$m [bhrV Zmhs?
Ag [dMmab, Va H$m [b[hVm `mnojm ~a dmQ>V. nU
_J nw.b.`m _wbsbm hUmbo H$s, "_s _m`m
_Zm`m VJmmZo [b[hVmo, ~mH$s H$emZhs Zmhs.
_bm `m jUs [bhmdg dmQ>V, `m dois _bm
AJmoXa _mhsVhs ZgV H$s _s [dZmoX [b[hUma Amho
H$s J^sa? _m`m _ZmV `oV Vg _s [b[hVmo Am[U
_m`m _Zmbm gmjs Ro>dyZ [b[hVmo. `m_wio Vw_M
_Zhs _bm gmjsbm [_iV. Agm Vmo M_H$ma KS>V
Agmdm.'
Agm
M_H$ma
H$$Z
XmI[dUmao
gm[h{`H$/[V^mdV/[dMmadV H$_sM AgVmV.
M_H$m[aH$ [b[hUmao ^anya AgVmV. `mZs A[YH$
dmMbo nm[hOo Vo [bhsV gwQ>VmV d Oo IaoIwao [dmZ
AgVmV Vo dmMVM ~gVmV. H$mi Va _moR>m
M_H$m[aH$ Ambm Amho. nU, ^[d`m~b AmnU
AmemdmXsM Agbobo ~ao!
dMm[aH$ jomV R>gm Agbo`mnH$s `mMm
CoI H$amdmM bmJob, Vo hUOo VH$VsW
b_Uems Omoes. _amR>s [ddH$moe IS>eXH$moe, bmoH$_m` [Q>iH$ boIgJh, amOdmSo>
boIgJh `mZs gnm[XV Ho$boM, naVw lsXmg~moY,
[dMmaOmJVs, d[XH$ gH$VsMm [dH$mg hs
nwVHo$hs `m`m Zmdmda O_m AmhoV. `m`m

boIgJhm_`o Y_, amOH$maU, g_mOH$maU `mMs

_s_mgm Amho. emsOtZs H$mT>bobm "Y_H$moe'hs
A`mgH$mZm kmV Amho.
M[aH$ma hs YZO` H$samMs Iar AmoiI.
gmdaH$a, Am~oS>H$a, \w$bo, emhy _hmamOmdarb
`mMs M[ao O~aXV AmhoV.
Z.a. \$mQ>H$ ho VdkmZmMo [dmWu. Vo
"ZdmH$mi'`m gnmXH$dJmV hmoVo Am[U [d[dY
kmZ[dVma, BXwH$me, [d[dYdmmV [bhsV AgV.
"`m. amZSo> `mMo M[a', "1857 Ms [enmBJXu',
"AmXe ^maVgodH$', "bmoH$_m`' AmXs JW `mZs
[b[hbo. Zm. JmoIbo `m`m M[a`mnojmhs \$mQ>H$mMo
"bmoH$_mZg' ho [Q>iH$M[a A[YH$ gag CVabo
Ag`mMo A`mgH$mMo _V Amho. _Yw [b_`o `mMs
"Am_H$Wm' ~moYH$ Amho.
J.~m. gaXma, ^m.b. ^moio, Jmonmi Jw$ ^qVMo
amOH$s` boIZ dmMH$mn`V nmohmoMbobo Amho.
"_hmamQ>mMo ~XbVo amOH$maU' (gnmXH$ - ^m.b.
^moio, [H$emoa ~oS>[H$hmi), "gmmgKf' (gnmXH$ gwhmg niesH$a, gwhmg Hw$bH$Uu) hs AmUIs
H$mhs CoIZs` nwVHo$. gwhmg niesH$amZs
amOH$maU, g_mOH$maUmda BJOs-_amR>sV [dnwb d
H$gXma boIZ Ho$bo Amho.
gnH$ : 9820479688
B-ob : hemvdesai@rediff.com

`edVamdm`m XmoZ AH$m[eV AmR>dUs

_hmamQ>mMo n[hbo _w`_s `edVamd MhmU ho n>sMo dmMH$ hmoVo. Xm`mda

AgVmZm, dmgmV `mZs AZoH$ nwVHo$ dmM`m`m Zm|Xs AmhoV. Cm_mom_
nwVHo$ [dH$V KoD$Z, `mMm gJh H$a`mMm `mZm N>X hmoVm. `mZs Ho$bobm gJh
`m`m a[gH$ dmsMs gmj XoUmam Amho.
gw[g [XXeH$ S>m.O~ma nQo>b, S>m._mohZ AmJmeo Am[U gVse AmioH$a
EH$Xm "Kmesam_ H$moVdmb'`m `moJm[Z[_m [XsV Jobo hmoVo. ls. eaX ndma
`m [VKmZm KoD$Z `edVamdmH$So> Jobo. [VWo `mMs JnmMs _\$b aJbs.
~mobVm-~mobVm `edVamdmZs Equas ho Peter Shaffer Mo ZmQ>H$ nm[hbo
H$m?, Agm Z O~ma Am[U `m`m [_mZm [dMmabm. ho ZmQ>H$ Vohm
BbS>_`o JmOV hmoVo. BbS>`m Xm`mda AgVmZm AmdOyZ doi H$mTy>Z `m
ZmQ>H$mMm `moJ `edVamd nmhyZ Ambo hmoVo. `m`m ZmZo O~ma Am[U
H$nZsbm AmM`mMm Y$m ~gbm. WmoS>m doimZo `edVamd AmV Jobo Am[U
`m ZmQ>H$m`m nwVH$mMs V KoD$Z ~mhoa Ambo. "amhy m Amn`mH$So>' Ago
hUV `mZs Vs V Oohm S>m. nQo>b `m`m hmVmV [Xbs, Vohm gmaoOU M$
CS>mboM!
"S>moh' `m JmObo`m nwVH$mMo boIH$ ls[Zdmg [dZm`H$ Hw$bH$Uu `mZs
`edVamdm`m dmMZ-doS>mMs AesM EH$ AmR>dU gm[JVbs. Vs dmMy`m AmnU
ls[Zdmg [dZm`H$ `m`mM eXmV.
"S>moh' [g Pm`mda _s Vo `edVamdmZm nmR>dbo H$m, Ago _bm nw. b.
XoenmSo> `mZs [dMmabo. _s "Zmhs' hQ>`mda nw. b. XoenmSo> hUmbo, "H$m

48 OyZ-Owb 2011

nmR>dbo Zmhs? `edVamd _moRo> a[gH$, MmJbo boIH$, Vwhs `m`m JmdMo'. _s
hQ>bo, Q>nmbmZo nmR>dbo Va Vo `m`mn`V nmoMob H$s Zmhs Ago _bm dmQ>bo.
H$amS>mV Vo nwH$iXm `oVmV. nU `m`m AdVs^dVs MS> JXu AgVo H$s Vs
^oXyZ _s `m`mn`V H$gm nmoMUma Agohs _bm dmQ>bo. nw. b. hUmbo, "Ago
hmoUma Zmhs. `m`mH$Sy>Z nmoM `oBb.' Am[U _s Vo nmoQ>mZo nmR>dbo.
Zm. `edVamdmMo "S>moh'nmoM`mMo gwXa n Ambo.
H$mhs [XdgmZs Zm. `edVamdm`m, 1 H$mog amoS> `m Kar Om`mMm `moJ
Ambm. ~mhoa`m hmb_`o `mMs nwVH$mMs H$nmQo> hmoVs. Zm. `edVamdmZs,
"S>moh' _s dmMbo Amho H$s Zmhs Vo nwVH$ H$mTy>Z nhm' Ago hQ>bo. _s hQ>bo
AmnU Vo dmM`mMo H$idbo Amho. `mda Vo hUmbo, "S>moh' H$mTy>Z nhm' _s Vo
CKSy>Z nmhy bmJbmo. OmJmoOmJs `mZs dmM`m`m no{gb`m IwUm hmo`m.
`mZm Vo dmMm`bm doi [_imbm `mMo AmM` dmQ>bo. \$ma AmZX dmQ>bm. _mPo
_Z ^$Z Ambo. EdT>m `mn Agbobo Zm. `edVamd _m`mgma`mMo nwVH$
dmMm`bm Hw$Ry>Z doi [_idV AgVsb? `mMs H$nmQo> [d[dY gX^ Agbo`m
nwVH$mZs ^$Z Jobobs hmoVs. _s n[S>V Odmhabmb Zoh$ `mMs "[_yVu'_Ybs
`{$JV bm`~ar ~[KVbs hmoVs. `mV`m [df`m`m d[d`mZo _s hadyZ Jobmo
hmoVmo. `m`m bm`~arV`m EH$m nwVH$mMo Zmd hmoVo. SNAKES IN FACTS
AND FICTION Zm. `edVamdmMs nwVHo$ ~KVmZm _bm ho AmR>dV am[hbo.

IwUmdUmao [j[VO
n

mg dfmnydu _mPm H$Wmdmg

gw$ Pmbm. `m dmgmV H$mohmnya
Vo _w~B Ago, _m`m \$$
d`{$H$ OsdZm`m Zho, Va dmL>_`sZ
OsdZm`m Q>sZohs _hdmMo Ago EH$ WbmVa
Pmbo. EH$m bhmZ JmdmVyZ _w~Bgma`m _moR>m,
~hwaJs ehamV _s Ambo. Vshs EImm CnZJamV
Zho, Va Hw$bm`mgma`m _w`V: A_amR>s,
doJ`m OsdZebsV d gH$VsV OJUm`m,
gwIdVy n[agamV. `m`mes OwidyZ KoVmZm
Ama^s WmoSo> OS> Jobo. [edm` amOm`jm`m
Hw$Qw>~mMo diU ~mUs ZhVo. Vohs _bm, _s
H$mohmnyabm ImZXmZs _amR>m Hw$Q>w~mVsb d
gmadV Hw$Qw>~mVsb _[UsV dmT>bo hmoVo Var,
An[a[MV hmoVo. nU, `m Z`m KamMo diU nyUV:
Xoes hmoVo. `m_wioM OwidyZ KoUo gmono Pmbo.
Ama^s`m XmoZAS>sM dfmV _s \$$ J[hUs hmoVo.
Vmo AZw^d \$ma Cn`w$ R>abm. na`m JmoQ>s
Amn`mem H$a`m`m `m [H$`oV _mPm _yi
^mdwH$ d^mdhs dmVm[^_wI Pmbm. Owb 1960
Vo OyZ 1963 `m H$mimV _s [gS>Zh_ d B_mBb
`wgy\$ `m XmoZ _hm[dmb`mV Ambo. E[\$Q>Z ho
`m H$mimVbo [V{R>V, EH$m AWmZo dgmhVdmXs
OsdZebsMsM AmR>dU XoUmao, BJOs ^mfoVM
~hes `dhma H$aUmao _hm[dmb`. VoWohs
Ama^s WmoSo> ~wObo; nU, A[V_V: MmJbs ibo.
ho EdT>m g[dVanUo gm[JVbo `mMo H$maU,
Hw$bm~m d E[\$Q>Z _hm[dmb` `m XmoZ
n[agamZs _mPs AmYw[ZH$ OsdZmes AmoiI H$$Z
[Xbs. _w~BV Am`mda, amOm`jm_wio EH$ Zdo
dmL>_`[dd _m`mg_moa Iwbo Pmbo hmoVo. _amR>s
Vgo BJOshs. AmYw[ZH$ OsdZm`m AmoiIs_wio
`m dmL>_`[ddmMs nmio_wio A[YH$m[YH$
gmnS>V Jobs. VhoVhoMo dmMmdo hs AmoT>hs
KamVsb d E{\$Q>Z_Ysb g_ JWgJhm_wio
dmT>sg bmJbs. E[\$Q>Z_Ysb _amR>s
[dm`mes Va _mPm X`gdmX Owibm.
nU, AmM` hUOo VoWsb A_amR>s [dmWu
d ghH$mar `m`mes _hm[dmb`mVsb H$mhs
_hdm`m O~m~Xm`m gm^miVmZm N>mZ _s
Pmbs. ho OJ _s Am_s`VoZo dV:V gm_mdyZ
KoVbo Am[U ZVa _m`m H$WmVhs [M[V Ho$bo.
("AZnT') _w` hUOo `m OJmZo _m`m bm[H$H$
d dmL>_`sZ Aem Xmohs `{$dmZm ZdsZ,

nyaH$ n[a_mUo [Xbs. EH$m CXma, _moH$`m,

A`mdV OJmMs hs AmoiI gmH$[VH$ Y$m
XoUmar Z R>aVm, Z`m {Q>H$moZmMs OmU XoUmar
R>abs. `m AWmZo H$mohmnya Vo _w~B ho _m`m
Am`w`mVsb EH$ d`{$H$ Va IaoM, nU _hdmMo
dmL>_`sZ WbmVahs R>abo.
`m WbmVamZo H$mhs Zdo AZw^d d
H$mhs Z`m Om[Udm [X`m. `m Om[Udm \$$
WbmVam_wio Zho, Va dmT>V Agbo`m
d`m_wiohs Pm`m. _m`m Ama^s`m H$WmV \$$

[dO`m amOm`j
H$mod`m d`mVsb EH$ ^mdwH$ VUs - o`gs EdTo> EH$M sMo $n _bm [Xgbo hmoVo. hiyhiy Vo
~XbV Jobo. _s nZs Pmbo, _mVm Pmbo;
`mdgm[`H$ {Q>H$moZmVyZ gmJm`Mo Va m`m[nH$m
Pmbo Am[U bo[IH$mhs Pmbo. `m `oH$ ^y[_Ho$Zo
_bm H$mhs Zdo AZw^d [Xbo; [V`mV A`mV
Agbo`m VhVho`m ZmVog~YmMs OmUsd
[Xbs. `mVyZ _m`m H$WoMm n[aga [g hmoV
Jobm, Am[U _mPo AmWm[df`hs no$ hmoV Jobo.
mT> d`mV `m`mVsb d`{$H$Vm H$_sH$_s hmoV
Jobs Am[U `mMo gmYmaUsH$aU hmoD$ bmJbo.
`m_wio AZw^d EH$mJs Z amhVm g[_l hmoV Jobm.

Vmo \$$ _mPmM Zho, Va _m`m ^y[_Ho$V`m

BVamMmhs H$gm Agy eHo$b-[ZXmZ BVamZm `m
AZw^dmes dV:bm H$go OmoS>Vm `oBb - ho C_Jy
bmJbo. _J "_s' \$$ "_s' am[hbo Zmhs. Vs
"_s'nUmMs d`{$H$VoMs H$jm AmobmS>`m_wio
H$mhs AmV[aH$ d H$mhs ~m Aem Z`m mMs,
Z`m VmUmMs OmUsd Pmbs. H$mbmVamZo mT>
d`mVyZ _s g[YH$mem`m dfmV-hUOo
Am`w`m`m CmamYmV-doe Ho$bm. `m doemnyduhs H$mhs AmOma, H$mhs _`y Am[U `m`mV
gm_mdbobs AJ[VH$Vm _s AZw^dbs hmoVs. nU,
CmamYmV doe Ho$`mda dmQ>bo, _mUgmZo BV`m
AJ[VH$nUo H$mhs dsH$m$ Z`o. dV:_Ysb e$s
AmoiImds, gKf H$amdm Am[U Cmao emoYmdsV,
[ZU` `mdoV. Ad`m Am`w`mbm EH$ Zds [Xem
XmIdUmao Ago Vo gH$mam_H$ [ZU` AgmdoV.
_m`m `{$aoImVyZ _mPs hs Q>s [V[~[~V
hmoD$ bmJbs. AmOda Var VsM Q>s m_w`mZo
_m`m H$Wm`m H|$WmZs Amho. AmVm Vs \$ma
~Xbob Ago _bm dmQ>V Zmhs. [Z[_VsV AZno[jV
diUo AgVmV ho _bm R>mD$H$ Amho. nU, nwTo>nwTo>
diUo gnVmV Am[U EH$M gai dmQ> [Xgy bmJVo.
`m dmQo>dahs ImMIiJo AgVmV. nU, `m
dmQo>daM EH$ XyaMo [j[VOhs [XgVo. AmVm _bm
VoM IwUmdVo Amho. `m`mOdi nmoMUo O_bo
VaM _bm `m ImUmIwUmMm AW g_Oob Am[U
H$Xm[MV `m [j[VOmMm eXhs EoHy$ `oBb. nU,
BVH$s nwT>Ms AZw_mZo H$mTy> Z`oV, `m dmQo>d$Z
Mmbbo, Os diUo KoVbs, `m dmgmV Oo noQ>Uo[dPUo, nmhUo-gmhUo AZw^dbo VoM nwhm EH$Xm
AZw^dmdo, Ago g`mVar dmQ>Vo Amho.
Vmo AZw^d XsKH$mb KoV AgVmZm
Pmbobs AJXs n[hbs OmUsd hs, H$s _s s
Amho. hUyZ _s m_w`mZo s`mM H$Wm
[b[h`m. AZwfJmZo `mV doJdoJ`m ^y[_H$mVsb
nwf Ambm, BVa _mUgohs Ambs. nU, "s' hmM
_mPm YmZ AmWm[df` am[hbm. AJXs
Ama^s`m H$WmV [VMo Oo ^md[dd emoYbo,
`mbm \$ma H$_s AJo hmoVs. nU, `m
^md[ddmMsM nwH$i doJis AJo _bm nwTo>
gmnS>V Jobs. hs s ^yVH$mimes OmoS>bobs
AgVo. ^mdwH$, hids AgVo; Hw$Qw>~mMm gm^mi
H$aVo; dV:bm [ZamYma dmQ>V AgVmZmhs
Hw$Q>w~mbm AmYma XoVo; nVs, _wbJs, _wbJm

OyZ-Owb 2011

49

(H$gmVsb H$Wm gdm[YH$ AmdS>Vs)

1.VbmdmVbo MmXUo - JJmYa JmS>Jsi
(VbmdmVbo MmXUo)
2._Owim - Aa[dX JmoIbo (_Owim)
3.gVamdo df - nw.^m. ^mdo (gVamdo df)
4.H$mis AmB - `H$Qo>e _mS>JyiH$a (H$mis
AmB)
5.[eadm - emVmam_ (Ima)
6.nmonQ>s MmH$Q> - [dmYa nwS>bsH$ `m`m
H$Wm (gnm[XV) (dmS> Z. 7)
7.[X.~m. _moH$mes `m`m H$Wm - (gnm[XV)[X.~m. _moH$mes (Am_moX gwZm[g Ambo)
8.$n_hmb - aU[OV XogmB ($n_hmb)
9.D$Z - eH$a nmQ>sb (D$Z)
10._m`m ~mnmMs n|S> - X._m. [_amgXma
(`Hy$Ms [eH$dUs)

`m`mda o_ H$aVo; H$Ys `mMm Xwamdm

OmUd`mZVa `oUmar [d\$bVmhs AZw^dVo; Vs
`dgm`mVhs H$V`Xj AgVo; `m jomV
Agy`oMm dmg Am`mda AdW hmoVo; $[MV
nwfmMm [dnarV AZw^d Am`mZVa gVmnVo, nU
`mbm j_mhs H$aVo; AZoH$ AmKmS>mda
AWH$nUo MmbV AgVo; `m dois [Vbm `oUmam
H$Q>mim VmnwaVm AgVmo; [VMo JwVUo hoM emdV
AgVo; Vgo JwVVm `oUo hsM [VMs e$s AgVo.
`m e$s[Zes Vs gd Anojm^J, nam^d, Xwamdo,
[d`moJ `mZm Vm|S> XoVo. ^yVH$mimes OmoS>bobs
AgyZhs [VMs Q>s ^[d`mH$So> AgVo. `m_wio Vs
~VoVhs _w$s emoYy eH$Vo - [ZXmZ `m _w$sMs
dZo nmhVo. hUyZM Vs AmemdmXs amhyZ,
gH$mam_H$ [ZU` KoVo. CXdV Z hmoVm OUodV:V, BVamV Am[U EH$XarZo Am`w`mV OUo
hm [VMm [ZYma AgVmo. Am`w` OgOgo nwTo>
gaH$Vo VgVgm hm [ZYma A[YH$ e{$embs hmoV
OmVmo - Am[U `m e$sMs [Vbm nQ> OmUsd
AgVo. hs s n[anyU AgVo Ago Zmhs. [VMohs
nmD$b H$YsVar MwH$Vo. `m_wio [Vbm AnamYs
dmQ>Vo; `m AnamYmMm H$~wbsO~md mdm Agohs
dmQ>Vo. Am[U Vmo Xo`mMs D$_u [V`mVsb
e$s_wioM _moH$is hmoVo. H$Ys Vs EImm
gm_m[OH$ ^mod`mV AS>H$Vo; H$Ys EImm
_mZ{gH$ noMgJmV. `mVyZ [Vbm Zoh_sM dmQ>
[XgVo Ago Zmhs. Vs $[MV \$gVohs. H$Ys j_m
H$aVo Va H$Ys _gamZo noQ>Vo; H$Ys dMZoMo Xw:I

50 OyZ-Owb 2011

AmdS>Vo H$WmgJh
11.AmXw~a - ls.Xm. nmZdbH$a (`mnm[a
gmSy>[Z X_`Vs)
12.CXH$m[M`m AmVu - [_[bX ~moH$sb
(CXH$m[M`m AmVu)
13.[MaXmh - ^maV gmgUo ([MaXmh)
14. aJ - H$_b XogmB (~mB, g`m KQ>m
Pm`m)
15.n{M_H$S>m - Vmam dZmago (n{M_H$S>m)
16. emVdZ - A{~H$m gaH$ma (emVdZ)
17. _madm - Amem ~Jo (_madm)
18. AdH$me - gm[Z`m (AdH$me)
19. Amho ho Ag Amho - Jmar XoenmSo>
(H$md`m [M_UsMs JmoQ>)
20. Amob hadbobs _mVs - ZsaOm (Amob

_yH$nUo gmogVo, Va H$Ys `m[d ~S> H$aVo...

Aes Ag` s $no, Am[U `mMo Ag`
AZw^d _m`m H$WmV AmhoV. Am[U Varhs _bm
s nyUnUo gmnS>bobs Amho Ago AOyZhs dmQ>V
Zmhs. `m_wio [VMm emoY _s AOyZ KoVoM Amho.
EH$ _m [Z{MVnUo OmUdbo Amho : hs s
nyUV: ^maVs` Amho. Vs _`_dJu`, ~mUs,
nmT>anoes Hw$Q>w~mV dmdaVo. Ka ho [V`m

hadbobs _mVs)
21. ^yn - _mo[ZH$m JOoJS>H$a (^yn)
22. gXmZX aoJo : [ZdS>H$ H$Wm - gXmZX
aoJo (MmH$mo`m)
23. qnJimdoi - Os.E. Hw$bH$Uu (H$ar)
24. hg AHo$bm - _oKZm noRo> (H$mbZs)
25. gZB - [M.`. ImZmobH$a (gZB)
26. `mMm `mMm Z - [`m V|Sw>bH$a
(Zdm JS>s)
27. qM_UamdmMo MhmQ> - [M.[d. Omoes
(_mPo XmH$ dS>sb)
28. {_Us - O`dV Xids ({_Us)
29. doMH$ _Yw _Joe H$[UH$ - _Yw _Joe
H$[UH$ (_moa)
30. dZdmg - H$me Zmam`U gV (MH$)

^mdOsdZmMo H|$ Amho Am[U nwf hm [VMm

AmYma Amho. ho ZmH$m$Z Am`w` OJUmar s _s
AJXs [dainUoM nm[hbs. [VMm dV
Ag`mMm AhH$ma, nwfm`m nwTo> Om`mMs B`m,
Hw$Q>w~ d [ddmh `mgX^mVsb AmYw[ZH$ [dMmamMm
[V`mda nS>Umam ^md-ho gJio _m`m H$WmV
[XgVo; nU, Vo AJXs $[MV. H$maU, _m`m
H$WoVsb s hs Amn`m AmOs`m d AmB`m
Immda C^s Amho. `m CMsd$Z Vs da nmhy
eH$Vo; nU, Ago da nmhV AgVmZm Imbshs
nmhVo. Vgo Imbs nmhVmZm [Vbm Amnbs _wio
[XgVmV. `m _wimV Obobs gH$Vs [XgVo. hs
gH$Vs AZoH$ KQ>H$mV Amho Am[U Vo KQ>H$
_m`m H$WmV AJXs dm^m[dH$nUo `oVmV.
d`{$H$ OsdZ OJUmar _s d H$Wm [b[hUmar _s
`m`mV gwgdmXmMo ZmVo Amho. `m_wio Vs
dm^m[dH$Vm A[YH$M [dZm`mg `oVo. `mMm AW
H$Wm [b[hVmZm _s _m`mnbsH$So> Jobo Zmhs Agm
Zho. _bm Ago dmQ>Vo, H$s _m`mV ^maVs` sMs
H$Wm Amho. [VMo ^md[dd, [VMs gH$Vs Am[U
[VMsM gmYs, gmons, Oam AKinKi Aes
^mfm, ho _m`m H$WoMo A[Zdm` KQ>H$ AmhoV.
hUyZM _mPs OmUsd _s s Amho `m CJ_mnmgyZ
Amhs {`m AmhmoV `m AVmn`V nmoMVo.
(Ad`mW `m _mO H$meZ JhmV\}$ [g
Pmbo`m H$WmgJhm`m VmdZoMm H$mhs ^mJ.)
gnH$ :022-26592827

Ho$

H$dr Am{U H${dVm

edgwVmMs "H$ds' hUyZ [Z{MV Am[U

nQ> Aes ^y[_H$m Amho. Vs AmYs`m
H$mbIS>mVsb gVm`m, n[S>Vm`m d
em[ham`m ^y[_H$mhyZ [Zamis Amho. hs ^y[_H$m
`m`m gdM H$[dVm_YyZ `$ hmoVo.
Ho$edgwVm`m H$[dVoMo o_H$[dVm, gm_m[OH$
H$[dVm, JyT>JwOZna H$[dVm, [ZgJ[df`H$ H$[dVm
Ago [d^mOZ Ho$bo, Var `m`m H$[dVm_mJMs
^y[_H$m EH$gY Amho. `m_wioM [ZgJ`
nmhmVmZm dV:`m Xoem`m nmaV`mMs OmUsd
hmoVo. Amn`m Hw$Qw>~s`mMm [dMma H$aVmZm
g_mOn[adVZmMm [dMma `m`m _ZmV `oVmo.
dg_mOmMo ^mZ hm Ho$edgwVm`m H$[dVoMm Anyd
Agm [deof Amho.
Ho$edgwVm`m H$[dVoVsb dMm[aH$ Ame` Ogm
_hdmMm Amho VgoM `mZs n~YmV Ho$bobo
`moJhs _hdmMo AmhoV. BJOs gmZoQ>d$Z `mZs
_amR>s MVwXenXs AWdm gwZsV AmUbo.
Ho$edgwVm`m [dMmadU [nS>m`m A[^`$ses
hm ~Y OwiUmam hmoVm. Ho$edgwVmZs A[^`$s`m
Amd`H$VoZwgma AjaJUdmmZm Zdm AmH$ma [Xbm
Am[U _mmdmmZmhs H$[dVoV, Amd`H$ `m
AmXmobZmgmR>s didbo.
Ame`-A[^`$sMo [ZamionU, Z`m
_y`gH$nZmMm Am[dH$ma, H$[dVo[df`sMs Zds
^y[_H$m, H$[dVoVsb `moJesbVm `m JmoQ>t_wio;
Ho$edgwV ho `wJdVH$ H$ds R>abo. Ho$edgwVm`m
H$[dVonmgyZM nwTo> _mmdmmMm dsH$ma H$aUmar,
na_mWmes g~Y ZgUmar, bm[H$H$ [df`mZm
([deofV: gm_m[OH$-amOH$s`) mYm` XoUmar
n~Ym_`o doJdoJio `moJ H$aUmar, XsK
ZgUmar, \w$Q> H$[dVm MmamV Ambs.
Am_m[dH$mam_H$ ^mdH$[dVoMm O_ Pmbm,
Zho, Cmamoma ^mdH$[dVm hsM H$[dVm `m
gm[h`H$mam`m H|$WmZs Ambs.
~mbH$dt`m H$[dVm dmMVmZm gdW_ bjmV
`oUmar JmoQ> hUOo, `mZs gm`m gmo`m
_mmdmmMm Am[U Jo` Aem MmbtMm Cn`moJ Ho$bm
Amho; dUm`m Am[U eXm`m nwZ$sMm `mZs
dmna Ho$bm Amho; ~hwVme H$[dVm_`o _Xy dUmMo
Cn`moOZ Amho; ~mbH$dt`m [d[eQ>
gdoXZesbVoMm `` `oVmo; Cn_m-$nH$Cojmge [V_m Am[U dUmVyZ, eXmVyZ
OmUdUmam ZmX, `_Ho$, MaUmVsb AmXmobZo, b`
`m_wio; ~mbH$dt`m H$[dVobm AZ` Ago $n

m Pmbo Amho. dUmMs, eXmMs, AY-MaUmMs

Amdms Am[U g_mVaVm ho ~mbH$dt`m H$[dVoMo
EH$ d[eQ> Amho. "AmZXs AmZX JSo>, BH$So>
[VH$So> Mmo[hH$So>' - `mV dUmMs Amdms [XgVo;

dgV Am~mOs S>hmHo$

"Z^mV ^abm, [XemV [\$abm, OJmV Cabm' `mV
g_mVaVm Amho. Aes AZoH$ CXmhaUo ~mbH$dt`m
H$[dVoV AmT>iVmV. [H$~hwZm ~mbH$dt`m
H$[dVoMo Vo nmoV Amho. Ho$edgwVm`m H$[dVoVyZ
AJXs [Zamim Agm KmQ> ~mbH$dtZs KS>dbm Amho.
Jmo[dXmJOmdahs Ho$edgwVmMm ^md Agbm
Var `mMm [nS>hs Ho$edgwVmhyZ [Zamim Amho.
Ho$edgwVd[VV gXm`mVM Jmo[dXmJOmMmhs
g_mdoe hmoVmo; H$maU, Ho$edgwVm_mUo
Am_[dH$ma, gwVsVaMZm, [ZgJ[df`H$o_[df`H$ H$m`boIZ, JyT>JwOZ, _mmdmmMm
dmna Jmo[dXmJOmZshs Ho$bm Amho. naVw, H$nH$Vm
Am[U ^mdZmoH$Q>Vm `m`m ~m~VsV Jmo[dXmJO ho
Ho$edgwVmhyZ nyUV: [^ AmhoV. `mM_mUo

Jmo[dXmJOmMs eXmda Agbobs hwHy$_V Ho$edgwV

d ~mbH$ds `m`mhyZ [^ VhoMs Amho. ~mbH$ds
ho [ZgJmMo H$ds hUyZ AmoiIbo Jobo. H$maU,
`m`m H$[dVoV [ZgJmMs g_Ywa Am[U
[ICXmg Aes Xmohs $no, Am[dH$V Pmbs
AmhoV. Jmo[dXmJO ho "o_mMo emhsa' R>abo.
o_^mdZo`m [d[dY N>Q>m `m`m H$[dVoVyZ
[XgVmV; [H$~hwZm, Jmo[dXmJOm`m ~hwg`
H$[dVmVyZ o_^mdZoMmM Am[dH$ma Pmbobm Amho.
Jmo[dXmJOm`m o_H$[dVmV g\$b sVsMs H$[dVm
WmoS>s Amho, [d\$b sVsMsM A[YH$ Amho.
dV:`m A{VdmesM hs o_^mdZm [ZJ[S>V
Pmbs hmoVs, ho `m`m AZoH$ H$[dVmVyZ [XgVo.
Amnbs ^mdZm `$ H$a`mgmR>s Jmo[dXmJOmZs
doJisM gQ>s aMbs Amho. `mVyZM `m`m
"H$Wm_' H$[dVmMm CX` Pmbm Amho.
^mH$a am_M Vm~o ho AmZXdmXs H$ds hmoV.
^maVs` XeZ Am[U ^maVs` gm[h`em `m`m
gH$mamVyZ `mMs H$[dVm KS>bs. [dew gmX`dmX
Am[U AT>i Am{V`dmX hs Vm~o `m`m
H$[dVoMs R>iH$ d[eQ>o AmhoV. eXmMs [ZdS>
Am[U aMZm, `mVsb ZmX_mYw`, JhWml_m`m
MmH$Q>sVyZ U`mMs a` [MUo, Bdamdarb lm,
^modVs`m [ZgJmVyZ Am{V`mMm ``,
JmYt`m Midis[df`H$ AmXa, [d^yVsnyOZ,
O_, [ddmh Am[U _`y `m _mZds OsdZmVsb
AQ>i KQ>Zm[df`sMo ^mZ Vm~o `m`m H$[dVoVyZ
H$Q> Pmbo. Ho$edgwVm`m [dMma-H$[dVohyZ Vm~o
`m`m Jo` H$[dVobm A[YH$ bmoH$[`Vm bm^bs.
1920 gmbs bmoH$_m` [Q>iH$mMo [ZYZ Pmbo.
1920n`V`m H$mbIS>mV Xm, Ho$edgwV,
[Q>iH$, [dZm`H$, _mYdmZwO, Jmo[dXmJO,
~mbH$ds, a|XmiH$a `m H$dtMs Os[dV`mm gnbs
hmoVs. MeoIa, ~s. Vm~o, Jmo[dX, ~[hUm~mB
MmYar, gmdaH$a, O.Ho$. Cnm`o, Xw.Am. [Vdmar,
AmZXamd Qo>H$mSo>, _mYd ho H$ds h`mV hmoVo; Am[U
H$m`g_mYZoV _ hmoVo. 1920`m AmQ>mo~a_`o
H$ds AZVVZ` Am[U H$ds AkmVdmgs `mZs
"_hmamQ> emaXm_[Xa' `m gWoMs WmnZm Ho$bs.
`m gWoes `edV, X.b. JmoIbo, [Jare, ls.~m.
amZSo>, _mYdamd nQ>dYZ, e.H$m. JJ} ([XdmH$a),
_mS>ImobH$a B`mXtMm g~Y hmoVm. mJ[VH$
bmoH$mMm EH$ doJim JQ> V`ma Pmbm Am[U `mVyZ
a[d[H$aU _S>imMs WmnZm Pmbs. JmYs,
Am~oS>H$a Am[U gmdaH$a Ago VsZ bmoH$moma ZoVo,

OyZ-Owb 2011

51

`m H$mimV`m amOH$s`-gm_m[OH$ MiditMo

gyYma hmoVo. XoemV ^ma`mgmaIo dmVmdaU V`ma
Pmbo hmoVo. _m, `m dmVmdaUmMo nS>gmX a[d[H$aU
_S>im`m H$[dVoVyZ C_Q>bobo [XgV ZmhsV. ehar,
_`_dJu`, gw[e[jVm`m `{$dmXmMmM JS>X
R>gm _S>im`m H$[dVoda C_Q>bobm Amho. gm_y[hH$
gm_m[OH$-amOH$s` gKfm`m EodOs `$s [d
g_mO, `mV`m mV VH$mbsZ gdoXZesb H$ds
AS>H$bo hmoVo. H$[dVm `m gm[h` H$mam[df`s "EH$
H$bmH$ma' hs H$nZm hiyhiy $T> hmoV Ag`mMo,
`m H$mimV [XgyZ `oVo. `mVyZM IS>H$m`, JOb,
~mB, gwZsV, OmZnXJsV Aem doJdoJ`m
aMZmH$mamZm MmbZm [_imbs. "gm_m[OH$'
d$nmMo IS>H$m` hs a[d[H$aU _S>imMs [Z[_Vs
Amho. "gwYmaH$', "[dahVaJ', "ZHw$bmbH$ma'
(_mYd Oy[b`Z), "A^mJs H$_b', "Am~amB'
([Jare), "O`_Jbm', "~Xsemim' (`edV)
B`mXs IS>H$m`o [b[hbs Jobs.
1939 Vo 1947 hm H$mbIS> OJm`m Am[U
^maVm`m Q>sZo H$R>sU Agm H$mi hmoVm. 1 gQ|>~a
1939 Vo 2 gQ|>~a 1945 `m H$mimV Mmbbo`m
Xwg`m _hm`wmV AXmOo Mma Vo gmSo>Mma H$moQ>s
_mUgo _`y nmdbs, bmImo _mUgo ~oKa Am[U
O_mMs Om`~Xs Pmbs, AOmdYs n`m`m
_mb_mmMm MwamS>m Pmbm, [hamo[e_m Am[U
ZmJmgmH$s `m ehamda Q>mH$bo`m AUw~m~Zo,
Am{dH$ AmMs ghmaj_Vm XmIdyZ [Xbs,
A_o[aH$m Am[U a[e`m `m [ddgmm CX`mg
Am`m. `mM H$mimV ^maVm`m dmV`m`m
bT>mMm ^mJ, hUyZ emVVm_` Am[U [hgH$ Aes
Xmohs H$maMs AmXmobZo Pmbs. 1942_Ybo "{$Q>
B[S>`m' AmXmobZ, 1943_Ybm ~Jmb_Ybm
_mZd[Z[_V ^`H$a XwH$mi, 1946nmgyZ gw$
Pmbo`m gmXm[`H$ XJbs Am[U [^Y_u`mMo
h`mH$mS> `m R>iH$ JmoQ>s hmo`m. _T}>H$am`m "H$mhs
H$[dVm'_Y`m H$[dVm `m H$mimV [b[h`m Jo`m.
H$dsZo H$m` H$am`Mo AgVo? _T}>H$amZs dV:M
[VZ [dMmabm : "o_mM| bhmi|, gmX` Zhmi|
emoYy?' Am[U Cma [Xbo : "-Amgnmg, _wS>mMs
amg; `mVyZ AmJ; Jmo`mMo namJ.' gmHo$[VH$
H$m` Am[U `j dmVdmMsM XmhH$ OmUsd,
`mVbm Am`{VH$ [damoY _T}>H$a `$ H$aVmV :
dmVdm`m `m Om[UdoZo _T}>H$amZm a[d[H$aU
_S>imVsb H$ds, _S>iH$mbsZ H$ds Am[U
g_d`H$ H$ds, `m`mnmgyZ doJio Ho$bo. "Eoem
Q>mnyV Mm\o$, Zmht _mhoa-gmga, H$M| Jmo dm da,
AZm[_H$m' ho `mMo hUUo, H$[dVo[df`sXoIsb
VodTo>M g_nH$ Ago Amho. _T}>H$amBVHo$M Xwgao

52 OyZ-Owb 2011

_hdmMo H$ds ea _w{$~moY ho hmoV.

Zds H$[dVm hUOo CamV YJYJ H$aUmam Zdm
gy`, Aes _w{$~moYmMs H$nZm Amho. _m, hm gy`
"Hw$ MS> Zdm _mVS>' AgyZ `mMm "_hmIa
H$me' H$ds`m CamV H$m|S>bm Amho. _T}>H$am`m
H$[dVoMs ^mfm Am[U _w{$~moYm`m H$[dVoMs ^mfm
`mV nwH$iM AVa Amho. XmoKohs g_H$mbsZ
dmVdmV C^o amhyZ, EHy$U _mZds OsdZm[df`s`m
AZw^dmMs A[^`$s H$aVmV; nU, `m`m
^y[_H$m doJ`m AmhoV, {Q>H$moZ doJio AmhoV.
_T}>H$a Am[U _w{$~moY `m XmoKm`mhs H$[dVoV
^mS>dbemhsVsb AV[damoYmMo ^oXH$ [MU Amho.

_T}>H$am`m H$[dVoV _Zw`mMs AJ[VH$Vm Am[U

Aghm`Vm `$ hmoVo, Va _w{$~moYm`m H$[dVoV `m
AJ[VH$ Am[U Aghm` _mUgmVsb bw-gw
gy`mMm emoY Amho.
`m H$[dVoVsb Ame`hs ZdmM hmoVm Am[U
A[^`{$Ms arVshs ZdsM hmoVs. _w{$~moYmZs
Amn`m A[^`$sgmR>s dmhs Agm _w$N>X
dmnabobm Amho. [dMma Am[U ^mdZm, Om[Udm
Am[U Zo[Udm `m`mZwgma hm _w$N>X diVmo,
dmH$Vmo, J[V_mZ hmoVmo AWdm Ad hmoVmo.
_T}>H$amZs nmXmHw$bH$ N>XmMm gOZesb dmna
H$$Z, nm[hOo Ves _moS>VmoS> H$$Z Amn`m
Om[Udm-Zo[UdmMs A[^`$s Ho$bs, Va
_w{$~moYmZs A[Zb, dm.Zm. XoenmSo> `mZs d[VV
Ho$bo`m _w$ N>Xmbm [dMmam`m-^mdZm`m
AmdoJmMs OmoS> [Xbs.
nwfmom_ [edam_ aoJo `mMm "gmYZm Am[U BVa
H$[dVm' hm gJh 1931_`o H$m[eV Pmbm.

`mZVa 1984n`V `mMo "\w$bmoam', "[h_goH$',

"Xmobm', "JYaoIm', "nwH$im', "Xwgam njs',
"dmZX~moY', "[`mi', "AZsh' ho gJh [g
Pmbo. aoJo `m`m H$[dVoMm _`dVu [df`
gOZe$s Am[U s ho `m gOZe$sMoM $n
Amho. aoJo `mMs eXH$im aJ, JY, ZmX `m
gdoXZmZm $n XoUmar Amho. A[Zb, Zm.K. XoenmSo>
`m`m_mUo aoJo hohs EH$ `moJesb H$ds AmhoV.
`m H$dtZs Ho$edgwV, ~mbH$ds `m`mH$Sy>Z _m[H$
N>XmMm dsH$ma Ho$bm Am[U `m`m [d[dY
[d^_mMm emoY KoVbm. gOZe$s hm `m`m
H$[dVoMm [df` AmhoM, `mMo H$[dVm [b[hUo ho
gOZmMm emoY KoUohs AgVo. aoJo `m`m H$[dVoV
^mfoMs OwZs [H$dm Zds AZdQ> $no `oVmV. eXm`m
~m~VsV H$mhsEH$ AVQ>s aoJo `mZm bm^bobs
[XgVo.
1949 gmbsM [dXm H$aXsH$a `mMm "doXJJm'
hm gJh Am[U `.X. ^mdo `mMm "Amm' hm gJh
H$m[eV Pmbm. `mM dfu "d`m hUo' hm dgV
hOaZsg `mMm gJh [g Pmbm. `.X. ^mdo Am[U
dgV hOaZsg ho, _T}>H$am`m OsdZQ>ses
OdisH$ gmYUmao, Va H$aXsH$a ho _w{$~moYm`m Ago Wyb_mZmZo hUVm `oBb. H$maU, `m
Zm_mdisVbo H$ds Hw$Um EH$-XmoKm H$dt`m
^mdmImbs hmoVo, Ago hUVm `oV Zmhs; _m, Vo
g_H$mbsZ dmVdmMm AW bmd`m`m ~m~VsV
EH$_oH$mMo ghH$mar hmoVo. `.X. ^mdo ho _T}>H$a,
_w{$~moY, H$aXsH$a `m`m n{$V ~gy eH$bo
AgVo; naVw, `mMm [nS> a[d[H$aU _S>iH$mbsZ
amo_[Q>[gP_Zo KS>dbm hmoVm, `mVyZ Vo ~mhoa nSy>
eH$bo ZmhsV. _T}>H$a Am[U H$aXsH$a `m`mVbo
ZmVo `moJesbVm Am[U [MVZesbVm `mV Amho;
VgoM `m`m g_Q>s`m AmH$bZm`m gX^mV
_w{$~moYmeshs Amho. _T}>H$am`m "H$mhs
H$[dVm'Vsb gm_m[OH$ OmUsd gm`dmXmH$So>
PwH$Umar Amho, Ago H$aXsH$amMo _V Amho. Vs
H$aXsH$a `m`m H$[dVoVyZhs `$ Pmbobs Amho.
H$aXsH$am`m `moJesbVoZo _w$gwZsVo, Vmb[Mo,
gyo$, [d$[nH$m Ago aMZm~Y KS>dbo. nwfmom_
[edam_ aoJo `m`m_mUo H$aXsH$ahs H$[dVo`m
[b[IV AWdm _w[V $nmH$So> ~KVmV. aoJo Am[U
H$aXsH$a `m`m H$[dVobm Agbobo AmUIs EH$
n[aUm_ hUOo, [MH$bm Am[U gJsV `m`m
A[^`$s`m nVs H$[dVoV _wad`mMm `Z.
^maVs` bKw[Mm_`o amJ_mbm[Mo AmhoV, Vgm
H$aXsH$amZs H$[dVoV Ho$bobm `moJ hUOo
Vmb[Mo, dgV ~mnQ>, _Joe nmS>JmdH$a `m
H$aXsH$a g_H$mbsZ H$dtZs H$[dVm bmoH$m[^_wI

Ho$bs. nmS>JmdH$am`m amOH$s` Cnhm[gH$mMs

XIb KoVbs nm[hOo, VesM `m`m ^mdgn
JsVmMshs. gXmZX aoJo `mMs dmL>_`sZ-gmH$[VH$
gX^ Agbobs H$[dVm _hdmMs Amho.
1960`m XeH$mVsb EH$ _hdmMo H$ds hUyZ
Zmam`U gwd} `mMm CoI H$amdm bmJVmo. Vsd
g_mOg_wIVm ho gwd} `m`m H$[dVoMo d[eQ>
AgyZ, _hmZJamVsb gdgm_m`m`m ~mobsMm
`mZs Ho$bobm dmna bjUs` Amho.
Omo_m`m ~m~VsV Ho$edgwVmes Am[U
VdkmZm`m gX^mV _w{$~moYmes ZmVo Agbo`m
`m H$[dVoZo, g_mOmVsb emo[fV dJm`m ^mdZmMs
Am[U [dMmamMs H$UIa eXmV A[^`$s Ho$bs.
gwd} `mMs H$[dVm _`_dJu` H$m`^mfohyZ Am[U
Ame`mhyZ doJis Amho; VgoM gwd} `m`m
H$[dVoVbo OJhs _`_dJu` H$[dVo`m
MmH$moar~mhoaMo Amho. H$m_Jma, Zmb~X, Zm`[H$Us,
do`m, nmoQ>a [MH$Q>dUmar _wbo, nmoQ>a, esJdmbm
Aes g_mOm`m [ZZ VamdaMs _mUgo Am[U
`m`m ^mfm `m H$[dVoV AmT>iVmV.
dmaH$ar gVmMs H$[dVm Am[U EH$mo[Ugm`m[dgm`m eVH$mVsb OmJ[VH$ _hdm`m H$dtMs
H$[dVm Am_gmV H$$Z, [Xbsn nwfmom_ [Mo
`mZs dV:Ms H$[dVm KS>dbs Amho. [Mo `m`m
H$[dVoMm ng Am[U AmdmH$m ~amM [dVV Amho
Am[U `mMs H$m`[Z[_Vshs [dnwb Amho. H$[dVoMs
[d[dY $no, aMZoMo H$ma `mV AmT>iVmV. [Mo
`mMs ~hes H$[dVm _w$N>XmV Agbs Var, `mV
N>X-Vd _wabobo Amho. `mMs eXmMs [ZdS>,
AmoitMs _mS>Us, eXmMm ZmX, Amoit_Ybm Vmb,
EH$m AmoisZVa`m Xwg`m AmoisZo [Z_mU hmoUmao
AmXmobZ, [V_m, [Mm_H$Vm, gmH$[VH$
dmL>_`sZ gX^ `mZs, `m`m H$[dVoMm $n~Y
KS>bm Amho ho OmUdVo. "e$sMs mWZm',
"IS>mo~m', "_hm_moma' `mgma`m XsK
H$[dVmVhs b` Am[U JVs hs Vdo, `m`m
aMZo`m AJmonmes H$es [^Zbobs AmhoV, ho
bjmV `oVo. `mMs "e$sMs mWZm' hs H$[dVm
gn$ Ame`, ^mdZoMs VsdVm, A[^`$sMm
N>Xge ~Y, b`, J[V_mZVm Am[U [V_m `m`m
EH$m_ gKQ>Zm_wio `m eVH$mVsb EH$ loR> H$[dVm
R>aVo.
[Mo `m`m_mUo _amR>s d BJOs `m XmoZ
^mfm_`o H$[dVm [b[hUmao AU H$mobQ>H$a `m`m
BJOsVsb "OoOwar' `m XsKH$[dVoZo [deof [gsg
Ambo. [d[dY [Z`V-A[Z`VH$m[bH$mVyZ H$m[eV
Pmbo`m `m`m H$[dVmMm gJh 1977_`o

Ambm. H$mobQ>H$amMs eXmMs [ZdS> Am[U _mS>Us

[dbjU Amho. ^mfoMs ghoVwH$ _moS>VmoS>, Ow`m
Jm`mMm d hUtMm Cn`moJ, eXmMm n[a[MV
AWmVyZ [Zam`m AWmZo Ho$bobm Cn`moJ, Jm[WH$
^mfoEodOs ~mob^mfoMm dmna hs H$mobQ>H$am`m
H$m`^mfoMs d[eQ>o AmhoV. H$mobQ>H$am`m
H$[dVoVbo [dd Xw:dZmgmaIo AgyZ, `mMo [MU
Vo A[VdmVddmXs ebsV H$aVmV. [VW`m
[~{S>Jm Pwbm`bm bmJVmV, nm`JVsMo H$m~io
PS>n KmbVo, dV_mZnm`m asV nmZmonmZs gmn
AgVmV, ImnamZm \o$\$ao ^aVo, BWbs M$s gJio
\$V H$$Z Q>mH$Vo. `m`m EH$m eXm`m eoOmar
Xwgam eX Ro>d`mVyZ A[VdmVd nmVis bm^Vo.

CXm. [dQ>`m Q>mnnS>gmXm`m nVmH$m, H$moar [damQ>

nmdVs, dmibo`m [O^mMm bwim moU, A[Z
Ob_` ~moQo>, [~~Qo> gJsV, ~odmaes Vs, Q>mnmMo
H$WZH$me`, B`mXs. ~mob^mfoMm AH$[_
Cn`moJ Am[U ~mV: H$moUVshs JwVmJwV Zgbobs
"IoH$So', "dm_mJs' `mgmaIs H$[dVm AZoH$
AWVamZm gm_mdyZ KoVbobs AgVo.
`m H$mimV m_w`mZo A[Z`VH$m[bH$mVyZ
[b[hUm`m _hdm`m H$dt_`o _Zmoha AmoH$,
^mbM Zo_mSo>, dgV Xmmo` JwOa, gVse
H$migoH$a, MH$mV nmQ>sb, Vwbgs na~ `mMm
g_mdoe hmoVmo. `mM H$mimVsb A` CoIZs`
H$ds [dbmg gmaJ, JwZmW Ywar Am[U dgV
Am~mOs S>hmHo$ ho AmhoV.
Ame` Am[U A[^`$s `m ~m~VsV nmT>anoes
_`_dJu` H$[dVohyZ [Zamis Aes H$[dVm `m
H$mimV [b[hbs OmD$ bmJbs. Vs hUOo X[bV
AWdm Am~oS>H$admXs H$[dVm. ~m~yamd ~mJyb,
Zm_Xod T>gmi, H$me OmYd `m`mgma`m H$mhs

H$dtda _mgdmXmMo nQ> gH$ma AmhoV ho Iao

Agbo, Var ~he X[bV H$[dVoZo Am~oS>H$a[dMmamVyZ oaUm KoVbobs Ag`mZo [Vbm
Am~oS>H$admXs H$[dVm, Ago hUUo g_nH$ hmoBb.
Y_, $T>s, amOH$maU-g_mOH$maU, gm[h`mMs
nanam ZmH$maUm`m `m MidisZo Amn`m CJ
g_mO^mZmMm dbV Am[dH$ma Ho$bm Vmo
n[h`mXm H$[dVoVyZM. X[bV H$[dVoV ehar Am[U
Jm_sU dmVdmMo Ia [M C_Q>bo Amho. Jm_sU
^mJmVsb An`Vm, Kmoa Xm[a, A`mMma,
AkmZ, AYlm `mZs nmoibo`m _mUgmMo [MU
Am[U _w~Bgma`m _hmZJamVsb ~H$mb
PmonS>n>mVyZ OJUm`m, H$m_mR>snw`mgma`m
dVsV amhUm`m, [Ja`m-H$maIm`mV [nMUm`m
_mUgmMo [MU Ago Xmohs OJmMo ^oXH$ `,
X[bV H$[dVoV C_Q>bo Amho. `m H$[dVoV AmH$moe
Amho VgmM [dmohhs Amho. ~m~yamd ~mJyb, Ho$ed
_olm_, Zm_Xod T>gmi, H$me OmYd, dm_Z
[Z~miH$a, \$._w. qeXo, X`m ndma, `edV _Zmoha,
hmX M|XdUH$a, `~H$ gnH$mio, AOwZ S>mJio,
O.[d. ndma, ^s_goZ XoRo>, [ham ~ZgmoSo>, `moVs
bmOodma Aem AZoH$ H$dtZs, CH$Q> gm_m[OH$
^mZ Agbobs H$[dVm [b[hbs. ^mdZm Am[U
[dMma `m`m A[^`$sdaM bj H|$[V Ho$bobo
Ag`mZo `moJesbVobm dmd ZhVm; naVw, `m
OJ`mMo [MU H$[dVoV An[ahm` Pmbobo Amho
`m OJ`mMs ^mfmhs dm^m[dH$M `m H$[dVobm
bm^bs. `m ^mfoZo Am[U H$[dVoVsb [dMmamZo
_amR>s H$[dVobm EH$ Zdo n[a_mU [_imbo `mV eH$m
Zmhs; [H$~hwZm, X[bV H$[dVoZo, X[bV gm[h`mZo
EH$XarV dmL>_``dhmamH$So>, `m_mJ`m
gm_m[OH$-amOH$s` `dhmamH$So> nmh`mMs
gdds Zds Q>s [Xbs.
Ho$Mo, Jog, H$mOo, am_mUs, nmoVXma, gmQ>_
B`mXs H$dt~amo~a `m H$mimV M[bV H$[dVo`m
dmMmamMm dsH$ma Ho$bobs Ho$ed _olm_ `mMs
H$[dVm 1960-65 `m H$mimV ~Xbbs d [VZo
gm_m[OH$ [dmohm`m ^mfoMm Adb~ Ho$bm.
`edV _ZmohamMs H$[dVm m`: _w$N>XmVbs
[dmohmMm [dMma _mS>Umar H$[dVm Amho. `m`m
H$[dVo`m A[^`$s`m nVsMm _w{$~moYm`m
H$m`m[^`$ses g~Y OmoS>Vm `oBb.
d$dYmZ, AmoOds Am[U dMm[aH$ Jm^m
Agbobs H$[dVm `mZs [b[hbs. dm_Z
[Z~miH$am`m H$[dVoV Jm_sU dmVdmMo [MU
Amho.
X`m ndmamMs H$[dVm g`V [dmoh `$ H$aUmar

OyZ-Owb 2011

53

H$mhr _hdmMo H${dVmgJh

1. XoenmSo> Zm.K., IyUJmR>s, _mO

2. nmS>JmdH$a _Joe, gbm_, _mO
3. A[Zb XenXs, _mO
4. bmodboH$a ^mbM, MmoabH$mR>, _` Xoe _amR>s gm[h` gK H$meZ,
^monmi, Xwgar Amdms, 1994
5. ~moaH$a ~m.^., [MdsUm, _mO, [Vgar Amdms, 1984
6. H$mobQ>H$a AU, [^OH$s dhs, mg H$meZ, _w~B, 2003
7. Jog, M_mYdsMo Xoe, nm`wba, 1977
8. _hmZmoa Zm.Ym|., n`mMo bj Wdo, nm`wba, 1990
9. AmaVs ^y, ZjmMo XoUo, _mO, 1975
10. _Zmoha AmoH$`m E|es H$[dVm, bmoH$dmL>_` Jh, 1996
11. gmaJ [dbmg, H$[dVm 1969-1984, _mO, 1986
12. nmQ>sb MH$mV, ~m`H$m Am[U BVa H$[dVm, nm`wba, 1993
13. ^Q> gwaoe, PPmdmV, gm[h` gma H|$, ZmJnya, 1994
14. JwOa dgV Xmmo`, Aa`, dmMm H$meZ, AmaJm~mX, 1973
15. na~ Vwbgs, Hw$~S>m Zm[ggg, bmoH$dmL>_` Jh, 2002
16. _Zmoha `edV, CWmZJw\$m, ~moYZ
17. XoenmSo> _._., AV[aj [\$abmo, nU... (gnmXH$ : X.[^./_.[d. Ym|S>)
nJYm, nwUo
18. Ho$Mo _YwH$a, [XS>s Jobs nwTo>, H$m{Q>ZoQ>b
19. Zo_mSo> ^mbM, XoIUs, nm`wba
20. H$migoH$a gVse, [db[~V, bmoH$dmL>_` Jh
21. [Mo [Xbsn nwfmom_, EHy$U H$[dVm 1, 2, 3 nm`wba
22. gwd} Zmam`U, _mPo [dmnsR>, nm`wba
23. Jmo[dXmJO, [nninmZ (gnmXH$ : Hw$gw_mJO) H$m{Q>ZoQ>b
24. ~mbH$ds, \w$bamUs (~mbH$dtMs [ZdS>H$ H$[dVm), (gnmXH$ :
Hw$gw_mJO) H$m{Q>ZoQ>b
25. _w{$~moYmMs [ZdS>H$ H$[dVm (gnmXH$ : `edV _Zmoha) gm[h` AH$mX_s
26. [ZdS>H$ gXmZX aoJo (gnmXH$ : dgV Am~mOs S>hmHo$) gm[h` AH$mX_s
27. nw.[e. aoJo `mMs [ZdS>H$ H$[dVm (gnmXH$ : H$me XoenmSo>) gm[h`
AH$mX_s

Amho, Va `~H$ gnH$mio Amn`m H$[dVoV

dmV`moma H$mimVsb dMZoZo C[ hmoD$Z "ho
^maV_mVo! dm _bm o_-dmg` Ho$hm [Xbo' Agm
Z [dMmaVmV. hmX M|XdUH$amZs
a`ma`mda XUmUV Agbobm "X[bVmMm
[~ZYmV AmdmO' [Q>nbm Amho.
gma`m XeH$mV ehar Am[U Jm_sU {`m
EH$m dMm[aH$ ~R>H$sda Amn`m ^mdZmMm,
[dMmamMm Am[dH$ma H$$ bmJ`m.
qbJ^oX hm [nVgmmH$ nwf-H|$[V
g_mO`dWoVyZ [Z_mU Pmbobm mW[_H$ Am[U
_yb^yV ^oX Amho. `m ^oXmVyZM `{$JV Am[U
gm_m[OH$ nmVisda`m g~YmZm gmm-gKfmMo
$n `oVo. s Am[U nwf hm [bJ^oX Agbm; Var
"sd' Am[U "nwfd' hm [bJ^md _mZd[Z[_V,
_w`V: nwf-[Z[_V Amho. nwfH|$s g_mOmV
[ZgJ[Z[_V ^oXm`m AmYmao emofU Ho$bo OmVo.
Aem H$maMo EH$ dMm[aH$ ^mZ Ambo`m {`mZs
[b[hbo`m H$[dVobm, gmYmaUnUo, "sdmXs
H$[dVm' hQ>bo OmVo. ^m JUmoaH$a, aOZs

54 OyZ-Owb 2011

28. g[hVm ([dXm H$aXsH$amMs [ZdS>H$

H$[dVm) (gnmXH$ : _Joe nmS>JmdH$a)

H$m{Q>ZoQ>b
29. Hw$gw_mJO, ag`mm (gnmXH$ : ~moaH$a-d) H$m{Q>ZoQ>b
30. _olm_ ^wOJ, A^wO _mS>, bmoH$dmL>_` Jh
31. AdW eVH$mMs H$[dVm ([ZdS>H$ dgV Am~mOs S>hmHo$)(gnmXH$
A[^[OV XoenmSo>)
bmoH$dmL>_` Jh
32. [ZmhsZ ams`m H$R>moa H$mVimda ([ZdS>H$ aOsZ nioH$a)(gnmXH$ :
ZsaOm)bmoH$dmL>_`
Jh
33. H$mio AU, ZVa Ambobo bmoH$, bmoH$dmL>_` Jh
34. ndma km X`m, Amanma b`sV mUm[VH$, bmoH$dmL>_` Jh
35. ~mXoH$a dsU XeaW, IoiIS>mo~m`m ZmdmZ, bmoH$dmL>_` Jh
36. B[Xam gV, __`s (gnmXH$ : a_oe V|Sw>bH$a)
37. _T}>H$a ~mi gsVmam_, _T}>H$amMs H$[dVm, _mO
38. Ho$edgwVmMs g_J H$[dVm
39. H$mio _Joe Zmam`Uamd, VVs` nwfmMo AmJ_Z, A[^YmZVa
40. T>gmi Zm_Xod, [ZdmUm AJmoXaMs nsS>m, Am`Z
41. nmQ>sb AZwamYm, dmiy`m nmmV _mS>bobm Ioi, Vwbm H$meZ,
AmaJm~mX
42. eoI _[bH$m A_a, _hmZJa, S>m. Am~oS>H$a ~mo[YZs
43. dmK gbsb, [ZdS>H$ H$[dVm (gH$bZ : O`V JmS>Jsi) _Zsfm
44. _hmOZ H$[dVm, Vnwf, Vwbm, AmaJm~mX
45. Hw$bH$Uu-H$dRo>H$a, Zmam`U, ho _m`m JdVm`m nm`m, _mO
46. gmoiH$s dO}e, VVnn, A[^YmZVa
47. [eboXma \w$, OJ`m`m ngm`mV, nm`wba
48. Ywar JwZmW, bmbH$modim H$mimoI, _mO
49. eVH$mVsb Am[Xdmgs H$[dVm (gnmXH$ : [dZm`H$ Vw_am_) h[ade, Mnya
50. [d.Xm. gmdaH$amMs \w$Q> H$[dVm
51. JUmoaH$a ^m, [ddV, nm`wba

nioH$a, _[bH$m A_a eoI, ZsaOm, A{dZs

Ym|JSo>, km ndma, AZwamYm nmQ>sb B`mXs
H$d[`t`m H$[dVmVyZ sdmXs Om[Udm `$
Pmbo`m AmhoV. nwfYmZ gH$VsZo dfmZwdf}
sMo _mZ[gH$ d emar[aH$ emofU H$go Ho$bo Amho,
`mMm Ia Cma [deofV: _[bH$m A_a eoI,
aOZs nioH$a, ZsaOm, km ndma `m`m H$[dVmVyZ
Pmbobm Amho.
E|es`m XeH$mV dgV nmQ>UH$a, X.^m.
Ym_UH$a, AemoH$ ~mJdo, [ZaOZ COJao, AemoH$
Zm`JmdH$a, eXa gmQ>_, Zmam`U Hw$iH$UuH$dRo>H$a, Cm_ H$moiJmdH$a B`mXtMs H$[dVm
~hamV hmoVs. 1990ZVa H$dtMs EH$ Zds [nT>s
Ambs. A[^Ym, A[^YmZVa, eXdoY B`mXs
A[Z`VH$m[bH$mVyZ `m [nT>sMs H$[dVm H$m[eV
hmoD$ bmJbs Am[U [VZo dV:Ms AmoiI [Z_mU
Ho$bs. `m H$[dVobm OmJ[VH$sH$aUmMm, `m
AdWoVsb Am[WH$, amOH$s`, gm_m[OH$ ~XbmMm
gX^ Amho. lsYa [Vido, ho_V [XdQo>, _Joe
Zmam`Uamd H$mio, dO}e gmobH$s, \w$ [eboXma,

dsU XeaW ~mXoH$a, dsaYdb na~, AO` H$mS>a,

gbsb dmK, gOsd ImSo>H$a, g[MZ Ho$VH$a, _ZmoO
nmR>H$, [XZH$a _Zda ho `m [nT>sVsb _wI H$ds
AmhoV. H$m`me` Am[U H$m`^mfm `m Xmohs
Q>tZs `m [nT>sMs H$[dVm doJis Amho. [VMo ZmVo
1960`m XeH$mVsb H$mobQ>H$a-[Mo `m`m
H$[dVoes Agbo Var [Vbm dV:Mm Moham Amho.
[Z{MV Aem H$moU`mhs [dMmagaUses Z
~mYbobs nU Ia amOH$s` ^mZ Agbobs hs
H$[dVm Amho. E|es-ZdX`m XeH$m`m gs_odaMo
^wOJ _olm_ Am[U AU H$mio `m`m H$[dVmZs
H$mobQ>H$a-[Mo-T>gmi `m`m H$[dVo`m nwT>Mm
Q>nm JmR>bobm Amho.
AmVmhs AZoH$ H$dtMs AmdmgH$ H$[dVm
H$m[eV hmoVo Amho. e^a-gdmeo dfmV`m
H$[dVo`m `m AmT>m`mV gdmMm g_mdoe hmoD$
eH$bobm Zmhs `mMs boIH$mbm OmUsd Amho.
gnH$ :9890362703
B-ob : vasantdahake@gmail.com

_amR>s H$mX~arMo `yZ !

"H$m

X~ar' hm AmYw[ZH$ gm[h` H$ma

`wamonmVyZ Ambm. XsK JwVmJwVs`m H$WoMo
J d$nmVsb [ZdoXZ Agm `m
H$mamMm T>mo~i AW. ho H$Wm_ [ZdoXZ dVw[ZR>
{dcofU d OsdZmMs JwVmJwV AWJ^ arVsZo
CbJSy>Z XmI[dUmao Agmdo.
g`m H$mX~arH$Sy>Z Anojm Iyn dmT>`m
AmhoV. [dkmZm`m CV_ [eIamdarb gemoYH$
`m gQ>sMm g_J AW OmUyZ Ko`mMm, [dd,
mUsOJV, _Zw`OmVs `m`m A{Vdm`m
VwVVoMm emoY Ko`mMm `Z H$aVmV. VoM H$m_
~m[H$ nmVisda H$WmaOZmVyZ H$mX~ar H$aVo Ago
Ano[jVmV. `m _mWs _hm-ah`m`m
H$moQ>dYtnH$s EImm Oar bhmZem nbyda
H$mX~ar H$me Q>mHy$ eH$bs Var Vs _hmZ,
A[^OmV dJao g_Obs OmVo. hUyZ H$mX~ar hm
gdloR> gm[h` H$ma _mZVmV. H$mX~ar_`o H$Wm
AgVo, ZmQ> d H$m` AgVo, VdkmZ AgVo,
g_mOem AgVo, OsdZ ah`mMm emoY Ko`mMs
_yb^yV [Okmgm AgVo, _y` [dMmamMm emoY Am[U
Z[VH$Vm `mMo {dcofU AgVo Am[U _ZmoaOZ
XoIsb AgVo.
`m AWmZo am_m`U - _hm^maVmgmaIs N>Xmo~
_hmH$m`o A[^OmV _hmH$mX~`m R>aVmV.
~mU^>mZo 6-7`m eVH$mV gH$V_`o "H$mX~ar'
ZmdmMo H$Wm_ [ZdoXZ Ho$bo. `md$ZM _amR>s
^mfoZo BJOsVsb "Zmhob'gmR>s H$mX~ar hm eX
KoVbm. Voam`m eVH$mV kmZodamZs d{dH$
AZw^yVsbm JdgUs Kmby eH$Um`m J^ _amR>s
^mfoMo XeZ KS>[dbo. `mMo Am[U gVam`m
eVH$mVsb VwH$mam_mMo H$m` AmYw[ZH$moma
H$m`m`m _moOn>m bmdyZhs loR> R>aVo. Vohm
_amR>s ^mfm OmJ[VH$ XOmMs loR> H$mX~ar [Z_mU
H$a`mEdT>s Amn J^ Pmbs Zmhs, Ago hUVm
`oUma Zmhs. H$mX~ar `m AmYw[ZH$ gm[h` H$mamMo
Mm[a` `wamonmVsb ~moYZmoma H$mimVsb gm_m[OH$
d amOH$s` Midis, dkm[ZH$ d Vm[H$
[dH$mgm_wio ~XbV Jobobs `$sMs d g_yhmMs
_mZ[gH$Vm Am[U `m KwgiUs_YyZ o[aV Pmbobo
Zdo _y`[dMma `m gd KQ>H$mZs [_iyZ ~mYbobo
Amho. ^maV gd Ym_Yw_snmgyZ Xya hmoVm.
JQo>Z~J`m gaH$`m N>nmB `mZo nYam`m
eVH$m`m _`mg nwVHo$ N>mnUo gmono Ho$`mdaM
H$mX~arMm [dH$mg Pmbm. ghmQo>g `m boIH$mMs
n[Ze ^mfoVsb "S>mZ {$hmoQ>' hs Am g_Obs

Jobobs H$mX~ar 1575`m AmgnmgMs. _Y`m

H$mimV nmo`m, nwamUo, Ama`m, bmd`m `mV
~[XV Pmbo`m ^maVs`mZm BJOs [ejUmZo
AmUbo`m dm`mZs OmJo H$arV `m`m J^mfoVhs
H$mVs Ho$bs. H$mnS> [Ja`mZs ^maVmV Ammo[JH$
H$mVsMm AmoZm_m Ho$bm. 1852_`o _w~BV n[hbs
aobJmS>s Ambs `m dois _amR>s ^mfH$m_`o
gmjaVm [H$Vs hmoVs `mMs Zm|X Zmhs. nU,
g_mOems` {dcofUmVyZ AZw_mZ H$mT>Vm `oVo H$s
AmJJmS>s Ambs `m doiMs gmjaVm S>mo`md$Z
nmUs Jobo Var VsZ-Mma Q>`m`m da AgUo
Ae`!
~miems Om^oH$amMo n[hbo _amR>s n "XnU'
1840_`o ~X nS>bo Vohm `mMm In 300400`m da ZhVm. "XnU' ho [V{R>V n
AgyZhs `mVsb _amR>s J AJXsM [T>gmi

AU gmYy
Ag`mMo A[^m` AmhoV. "bmoH$[hVdmXs' `mZs
_amR>s
_mUgmMo
S>moio
CKS>`mgmR>s
"eVno'1850`m Xa`mZ [b[hbs Vs [H$Vs

dmMbs OmV hmoVs Hw$Umg R>mD$H$. _amR>sVsb

n[hbs dmVddmXs H$mX~ar "`_wZm n`Q>Z' hs ~m~m
nX_ZOs `m [e[jV [Vs JhWmZo 1857_`o
[g Ho$bs. Vs `m dois [H$Vs dmMbs Jobs
Agob? [dUwems [MniyUH$a `mMs "[Z~Y_mbm'

Am[U [Q>iH$mMm "Ho$gar' (1881) `oBn`V

[ejUmMm gma hmoD$ bmJbm hmoVm. mT> [dmWu
emim - H$mboOmVyZ ~mhoa nS>V hmoVo. _amR>s
J^mfobm mT>d `oD$ bmJbo hmoVo.
`wamon_mUo gd`mns Zgbo Var [~[Q>e
Jwbm_[Jar AVJV hm _amR>s ~moYZmMm H$mi hmoVm.
Omo{V~m \w$bo `mMs g`emoYH$ Midi, `m`_yVu
amZSo> `mMo ~moYZ, [Vs _amR>s no, mWZm
g_mO, Am` g_mO, emhy _hmamOmMs doXmo$
Midi, `mZVaMm _hmamQ>mVsb ~mU~mUoVa gKf `m gd JmoQ>t_wio _amR>s g_mOmbm
Am_^mZ `oD$Z g_mO {WVsMs MMm ~mUmnwaVs
_`m[XV Z amhVm gdg_mdoeH$ hmo`m`m _mJmbm
bmJbs. Am_narjUmMs oaUm C^mar Y$
bmJbs. hUOoM AmYw[ZH$ _amR>s H$mX~argmR>s
AZwHy$b dmVmdaU [Z[_VsMs V`mar hmoD$ bmJbs.
Ho$edgwVmMs VwVmar hbHo$M [ZZmXy bmJbs. "`_wZm
n`Q>Z' ZVa 33 dfmZs hUOo 1890_`o har
Zmam`U AmnQo> (1864-1919) `mMs `m
H$mimV JmObobs "nU bjmV H$moU KoVmo' hs
H$mX~ar 1890_`o "H$a_UyH$' nmV H$aUdma
[g Pmbs. h[a^mD$`m Eo[Vhm[gH$ H$mX~`m
H$Xm[MV dmM`m OmV AgVsb. naVw, "nU bjmV
H$moU KoVmo' AmO [dmnrR>s` A`mgH$m`[V[a$
H$moUs $[MVM dmMV Agob. AmO Vs XwH$mZmV
CnbY Zmhs. [VH$So> gmoim`m eVH$mnmgyZ
1890n`V `wamo[n`Z ^mfm_Ysb H$mX~ar IynM
nwTo> Jobs hmoVs. "S>mZ [$hmoQ', Q>mbQ>m``m "dma
AS> nsg' (1865), "AZm H$ao[ZZm' (1875),
JwVmd \$bm~Q>Ms "_mXm_ ~mohmar' (1856),
Mmbg [S>H$gMs "A Qo>b Am\$ Qy> gsQ>sO'
(1859), XV`o~H$s`m
"H$mB_ AS>
n[Ze_|Q>'(1866), "~Xg H$mam_mPmod' (1879)
`m Am[U [H$`oH$ VH$mbsZ `wamo[n`Z H$mX~`m
AmO OJ^amVsb VU AOyZhs dmMVmV.
_hmamQ>mVhs dmMVmV. [H$`oH$ _amR>s ^mfmVamV
AmOhs CnbY AmhoV.
ho gmao gmJ`mMo H$maU H$m` d
A`m_m`m jomV A_Vmes nOm [OH$Umar _amR>s
H$[dVoMs ^mfm AmYw[ZH$ J boIZmg _m Anwar
nS>V hmoVs ho OodTo> Iao, VodTo>M hohs Iao H$s,
OmVs^oX d gmjaVoMm A^md `m_wio eVI[S>V
Pmbobm _amR>s g_mO H$mX~arMo AmhmZ nob`mg
[dgm`m eVH$m`m gwdmVsghs _mZ[gH$ d
^md[ZH$Q>m V`ma Pmbm ZhVm. AmnQo> `mMo

OyZ-Owb 2011

55

Odi Odi g_H$mbsZ Ago ZmW_mYd

(maH$mZmW [nVio - 1882-1928) `m`m
ah` d amo_mg `mZs IMmIM ^abo`m AX^wV
H$mX~`m _m AOyZhs Ow`m dmMZmb`mVyZ
dmM`mgmR>s Zo`m OmVmV. Jo`m 100 dfmVsb
dmMm`m Aem H$mhs _amR>s H$mX~`mMs `mXs `m
boImeodQ>s [Xbs Amho Vs `m gd H$mX~`m _hmZ,
A[^OmV dJao AmhoV hUyZ Zho, Va `mnH$s
nwH$i nwVH$mZs _amR>s H$mX~arMo nmD$b AY}_wY} H$m hmoBZm nU nwTo> Q>mHy$Z Vs A[YH$ gYZ
H$a`mg WmoS>m\$ma hmV^ma bmdbm hUyZ.
AmnQ>mZVa AmnU 100 dfm`m
H$joV `oVmo. gmjaVm hiyhiy dmTy> bmJbs hmoVs;
nU, AOyZhs Vs ~hes ~mU OmVsVM AmT>iV
hmoVs. nanaoMm \$m`Xm! [~[Q>emZs `w[Zhgb
E`wHo$eZMs Xmao CKS>bs Agbs Var ~hwg`
~hwOZmZm - `mV eoVH$arhs Ambo - [ejUmMs
MZ nadS>Umar ZhVs. ~mU d j[` _amR>m
g_mOmZs `mZm $[MVM [ejU Ko`mMo CmoOZ
[Xbo. X[bVm_`o (_hma) _m S>m. Am~oS>H$am`m
AmYsnmgyZM [ejU[df`H$ OmJVs hmoD$ bmJbs
hmoVs. OmVs CoIm_wio XMHy$Z Om`mMo H$maU
Zmhs. amOH$s` d Am[WH$ jomnojmhs gH$Vs`m
MM}_`o g_mOems` pQ>H$moZmVyZ OmVs^oXmMo
n[a_mU OmUyZ KoVbo Zmhs, Va AmnU T>m|Js R>$.
EdTo> gm[JV`mda 1950-60n`V`m
H$mX~arH$mam_`o 90-95 Q>o$ ~mUmMsM Zmdo
H$m `oVmV `mda [dVmamZo [b[h`mMs Amd`H$Vm
Zmhs. `m_`o {`m Ad`m 1-2 Q>o$ d `mhs
~mUsM. _Zw_VsMs [H$_`m! `m_wio
1950n`V`m H$mX~`m_`o gnyU _amR>s
g_mOmMo AJXs T>mo~i Agohs [M Ano[jUo ~amo~a
Zmhs. ~mUs AZw^dm`m _`mXoV ~mUs
gH$mamZs ^mabobs ~mUs boIH$mZs ~mUs
dmMH$mgmR>s [b[hbobs ~mUs g_sjH$mZsM
Jma[dbobs Aes ~hes Vs H$mX~ar Amho.
~[ZXogmR>s ho [ZarjU Ho$bo ZgyZ, dVw{WVs
gmJ`mgmR>s [b[hbo Amho. _m, `m boIH$mZs
Amn`m AZw^d [ddm`m EH$mJs gdoXZ
g[MVm`m d gs[_V gm_m[OH$ Q>s`m K>
[di`mV ~[XV amhyZ H$m hmoBZm nU m_m[UH$nUo
[b[hbo hUyZ Va _amR>s H$mX~ar WmoS>s nwTo> Jobs.
VmoH$S>m AZw^d [ddm_mUoM EH$ nXar
OmUsdoMshs _`mXm hmoVsM. ^maVs` g_mO hUOo
gmd^m_ OmVs-amQ>mMo \o$S>aoeZ. `oH$ OmVsbm
BVamMo AZw^d[dd, dmVd d gdoXZmnQ> nmaIm.
EH$m OmVsVyZ Xwg`m OmVsV Om`mgmR>s {hgmnmgnmoQ> [_iV Zmhs. ho Ho$di _amR>sMo Zho, Va

56 OyZ-Owb 2011

gd ^mfm`m ^maVs` H$mX~arMo `yZ Amho. hUyZ

Va "BS>mo-Abs`Z' boIH$ eoIs [_adVmV H$s
^maVmMm Iam Am_m EVoes` ^mfm_`o Zho, Va
`mZs [b[hbo`m BJOs H$mX~`m_`oM \$$
[XgVmo! hm _moR>m dmXmMm [df` Amho. Agmo.
AmnQ>mZVa \$S>Ho$, ImSo>H$a,
_mS>ImobH$a `m [g [_yVvH$So> `o`mnydu Vdk
"am[JUs'H$ma dm_Z _hma Omoes Am[U
"kmZH$moe'H$ma lsYa `H$Qo>e Ho$VH$a `m
H$mX~arH$mamMm [ZXmZ CoI Var H$am`bmM hdm.
`m`m ~m[H$ MMm_H$ H$mX~`m Ag`m Var
[df`mMm Jm^m AmnQ>m`m H$mX~`m_mUo H$mhs
dbV gm_m[OH$ Zmes K hmoVm. nwT>`m
H$mimV hm Jm^m hadbm. JOmZZ `~H$
_mS>ImobH$am`m
(1899-1976)
H$mX~`m_`o amOH$maUmMs nmd^y_s AmU`mMm
`Z hmoVm; nU, Vmo \w$Q>H$i d AVwV R>abm.
[dUw gImam_ ImSo>H$a (1898-1976)
AmXedmXs hmoVo; nU, `mnm`s `m`m
H$mX~`mZm dmVdmMm [Zdi _wbm_m [_imbm.
\$S>Ho$- ImSo>H$amZs dmMH$ [`Vm [_i[dbs.
_`_ dJmMs gmjaVm 1920-25n`V dmT>bs
hmoVs. XmoKo "H$bogmR>s H$bm H$s OsdZmgmR>s H$bm'
Agm hm`mnX nU _amR>s ~w[dVmZm JmT>,
_ybJm_s dJao dmQ>Umam dmX Ioibo Agbo Var
XmoKm`mhs H$mX~`m amo_mg`m _Y`m nmVisda
Am[U EHy$UM [Vg`m amJoVsb n[h`m. nU,
`mMo _moRo> `moJXmZ Ago H$s, `mZs [T>gmi d
AdOS> J _amR>sbm gmono, gwQ>gwQ>sV $n [Xbo
Am[U _amR>s VU-VUtZm H$mX~ar dmM`mg
[eH$[dbo. Zmam`U gsVmam_ \$S>Ho$ (18941978) `mZs H$mX~ar`m ^mfobm _wbm`_, bmKds
d dmhs $n XoD$Z AmH$fH$ Ho$bo. ImSo>H$amZs
^mfobm Vab, H$Ys H$m`_` n[aKmV ZoV H$mod`m
dmMH$mda JmoS> JmoS> gw^m[fVmMm dfmd Ho$bm.
Amnbm AmdmH$m dmT>dmdm, H$YsVar AdH$memV
^amar _mamds Aes BN>m XmoKmZmhs Pmbobs [XgV
Zmhs. \$S>Ho$-ImSo>H$a Am[U gmZo JwOt`m
H$mX~`m dmM`m H$s \$$ JmoS> JmoS>
gn$mZmMoM OodU Pmbo Ago dmQy>Z _sR>
Im`mMs, [VIQ>, Am~Q>, VwaQ>, H$S>dQ> H$mhs
Im`mMs Vsd BN>m hmoVo Ago VUnUmVsb EH$
[_ hUV Ago. Agmo. Iao hUOo `m JmoS>mda
nw.`. XoenmSo>, ^m.[d. daoaH$a, a.dm. [XKo
B`m[XH$m`m H$mX~`mMm WmoS>m CVmam `m H$mimV
hmoVm.
Xwgao _hm`w Ambo. a$a[OV \$miUs hmoD$Z
^maV dV Pmbm. Zoh$`m nMdm[fH$ `moOZmZs

1. h.Zm. AmnQo> : nU bjmV H$moU KoVmo, Cf:H$mb

2. ZmW_mYd : gmd`m VmSo>b (1915)
3. dm._. Omoes : am[JUs (1915-16)
4. ls. `. Ho$VH$a : ~H$`m (1930)
5. ^m.[d. daoaH$a : [dYdm Hw$_mar (1928), YmdVm
YmoQ>m (1933)
6. [d.g. ImSo>H$a : XmoZ Ywd (1934), ``mVs
(1959)
7. Zm.gs. \$S>Ho$ : XmbV (1929)
8. nw.`. XoenmSo> : ~YZm`m nbrH$So> (1927)
9. J.`. _mS>ImobH$a : _w$m_m (1933)
10. [d^mdar [eaH$a : H$`mMo [Zdmg (1933),
~is (1950)
11. nm.g. gmZo (JwOs) : `m_Ms AmB (1935)
12. X.a. H$dRo>H$a : aoe_m`m JmR>s (1942)
13. [dlm_ ~oSo>H$a : aUmJU (1940)
14. a.dm. [XKo : nmUH$im (1939)
15. Jmo.Zs. XmSo>H$a : [eVy (1953)
16. ls.Zm. n|S>go : Jma~sMm ~mny (1952), aWMH$
(1962)
17. ea _w$s~moY : [jm (1954)
18. `H$Qo>e _mS>JyiH$a : ~ZJadmS>s (1955)
19. Cd eoiHo$ : YJ (1960)
20. aU[OV XogmB : dm_s (1962)
21. [M.`. ImZmobH$a : am H$mis KmJa H$mis
22. [edmOs gmdV : _`wO` (1964)
23. ^mD$ nm`o : dmgyZmH$m (1965)
24. O`dV Xids : MH$ (1963)
25. ^mbM Zo_mSo> : H$mogbm (1963), [hXy
(2010)
26. Jmar XoenmSo> : EHo$H$ nmZ Jimd`m
27. AmZX `mXd : JmoVmdim (1971)
28. Zm_Xod T>gmi : hmS>H$s hmS>dim
29. am.a. ~moamSo> : nmMmoim
30.J.. YmZ : gmVm CmamMs H$hmUs
31. _Yw _Joe H$[UH$ : _mhs_Ms ImS>s
32. [XdmH$a H$m~is : nai (1968)
33. h._mo. _amRo> : [ZnU djmImbs ^a Xwnmar
34. ^mH$a n|T>maH$a : amaJT>mJ
35. [ddmg nmQ>sb : nm[ZnV
36. aJZmW nmR>mao : Q>moH$Xma gmdbsMo dV_mZ
37. `m_ _Zmoha : H$i
38. dgV Zaha \o$Uo : g|Q>b ~g Qo>eZ
39. a_oe BJio CmXH$a : [ZemUs S>mdm AJR>m
40. H$_boe dmbmdbH$a : ~mH$s ey`
41. H$[dVm _hmOZ : ~
42. _oKZm noRo> : Zm[VMam_s
43. adt emo^Uo : nS>K_
Jm_sU H$mX~`m
44. gXmZX Xoe_wI : ~mamo_mg
45. gw^mf am_M Iao : JmoB_mB
46. H$UmV ImoV : eXmim
47. eH$a gImam_ : EgBPoS>
48.^maV H$mio : Eogo Hw$U~s ^ynmi
49. ~~Z [^So> : g`mJh
50. BgmXmg ^S>Ho$ : ~m{_m Vo Y_mVa
51. adt emo^Uo : nmT>a

eoVH$`mZm WmoSo> ~ao [Xdg AmUbo. [ejUm`m

gmamMs JVs d `ms dmT>bs. [ZdS>UwH$mZs
amOH$s` [ejU H$$Z [d[dY JQ>m`m amOH$s`,
Am[WH$ d gmH$[VH$ AmH$mjm dmT>[d`m. `mMo
_amR>s H$mX~arVsb `Va ^mD$ nm`o Am[U
^mbM Zo_mSo> `mZs AmUyZ [Xbo, ~mUs
gH$mamZm No>X XoUm`m `m`m H$mX~`mZs.
daU^mV Vyn, VmH$ Aem gm{dH$, n[d
nXmWmEodOs `mZs _amR>s H$mX~ar`m VmQ>mV
[MH$Z H$~m~, PUPUsV _Q>UmMm agm Am[U
H$moi~sMo H$mbdU dmT>bo. nm`o `m`m
"dmgyZmH$m'bm A~`_ Ago AmoaS>V nman[aH$
g_sjH$mZs PmoS>nyZ H$mT>bo. nm`o ~mU hmoVo.
Zo_mSo> `mZs W_M ~mUoVa gdoXZm, AZw^d[dd
d dmVd `mMo ISo>nUmZo Am[U ge$ ^mfoVyZ
gwgJV XeZ KS>[dbo Vo `m`m "H$mogbm'_YyZ.
"H$mogbm'Zo _amR>sV Zdo nd gw$ Ho$bo, Amnbo
g_sjH$ C^o Ho$bo. Nw>ns AnamYs _mZ[gH$Vm ([JQ>
H$mbog) bn[dUm`m ~mUs g_sjH$mZm
Zo_mS|>Mo ho JmS> H$m` Amho Vo Z H$iyZ `mMo hbHo$
T>mob ~S>[d`mg `mZs gwdmV Ho$bs. dV: Zo_mSo>
ho gwna g_sjH$ Ag`mZo `mMm EH$ _moR>mM nW
O_m Pmbm d `m`m bm`ZsV Z `oUm`m
H$mX~`mH$So> Xwbj Ho$bo Jobo. CXm. Agb
H$mohmnwar ~mOmMo ~m~m H$X_. Zo_mSo> Amn`m
Am_M[am_H$ [ZdoXZm`m EH$m_mJyZ EH$
H$mX~`m [b[hV am[hbo. VmoM Zm`H$, VmoM n[aga,
VsM ^mfm, VgoM [dZmoX, VgoM d^md, Jm`mes
VsM VwN>Vmdms Am[U H$mX~ar H$mam`m _hmZ
AdH$memes VmaUm H$aUmam VmoM AYdQ>,
AmYmahsZ "XoesdmX'!
dmV[dH$ nmhVm EH$M [Z$X n[a_mU AgUmao
Am_M[am_H$ [ZdoXZ naH$m`m doe Z Ho$`mg
H$mX~arbm KmVH$ R>aVo, ho dV: Zo_mS>mZm BJOs
d nmMm` H$mX~`mMo JmTo> A`mgH$ AgyZhs
^mZ am[hbo Zmhs Am[U `m`m AZw`m`mZmhs
am[hbo Zmhs, `mMo AmM` dmQ>Vo. "Q>moH$Xma
gmdbsMo dV_mZ' [b[hUmam aJZmW nmR>ma|gmaIm
[V^mdmZ boIH$hs `m`m ZmXmZo dmhdV Jobm.
EH$_m Iao H$s, Am_M[a H$mX~ar d$nmV
[b[h`m`m AmM`H$maH$ h`mgm_wio `mnH$
AWmZo Zo_mS>mZs _amR>s H$mX~arMo ZwH$gmZ Ho$bo ho
gmJ`mMo H$moUs YmS>g H$aUma Zmhs, Agm Amnbm
Xamam `mZs [Z_mU Ho$bm Amho. Am[U EdTo>
gmJyZhs EH$ JmoQ> [ZImbgnUo _m` Ho$bs nm[hOo
H$s da gm[JVbo`m _`mXo_`o H$m AgoZm nU
^mbM Zo_mSo> `mZs _amR>s H$mX~ar nwH$i nwTo>
Zobs. `mMm A`mg, `m`m ^mfoMm H$gXmanUm,

ZdeX [Z[_VsMo gm_` Am[U Ow`mM eXmZm

AWmMs Zds n[a_mUo ~hmb H$a`mMo `mMo H$g~
dmImU`mgmaIo Amho. `m N>moQ>m boImV `mZm
A[YH$ OmJm Xo`mMo ho H$maU Va AmhoM nU `mM
~amo~a _amR>s H$mX~ar IwaQ>[dUm`m ~mUs
g_sjH$m`m VmdS>sVyZ [VMs gwQ>H$m Ho$bs Am[U
[Vbm Amd`H$ Agbobo `mnH$ g_mOems`
n[a_mU [Xbo hs _moR>sM H$m_[Jar hmo`. `mgmR>s
Zo_mSo> `mZm "qhXy' `m H$mX~arMo [Z[_m H$$Z
kmZnsR> nwaH$ma [_im`mg g_V _amR>s
H$mX~arH$mamZm AmZX hmoBb. EHy$U _amR>s
gm[h`m`m gmMbo`m S>~`m`m H$S>m \$moSy>Z
`mbm g_mOems` Q>m dmhs H$a`mV X[bV
gm[h`mMo, [deofV: H$[dVoMo _moRo> `moJXmZ Amho.
_m, H$mX~ar jomV MS> gYs AgyZhs VoWo X[bV
boIH$mMs VJS>s \$is C^s am[hbs Zmhs. Zm_Xod
T>gmi`m "hmS>H$s hmS>dim'gmaIo AndmX
AmhoV. ^s_goZ XoRo> AmhoV. nU, ~mH$s ~hwVoH$ X`m
ndmamgmaIo Am_M[a [bhyZ _moH$io Pmbo.
`mbmM bmoH$ H$mX~ar hUVmV. [H$VsVar boIH$
AmVm H$mX~ar hUyZ Am_M[aM [bhy bmJbo.
hUOo Zo_mS>mgmaImM H$ma. X[bV AZw^dg[MVm_`o _amR>s H$mX~arbm [[_V n[a_mU
Xo`mMs j_Vm hmoVs. `m`m Z`m [nT>sVbo g[MV
doJio Amho. nU, Vs j_Vm H$moUs H$gmbm bmdbs
Zmhs. Zm_XodZo nwTo> H$mX~`m [b[h`m ZmhsV.
Jo`m XmoZ XeH$mVsb H$mX~ar [ddmVsb XmoZ
^mds dmhmMs \$ma bm~U Z bmdVm OmoaH$g Zm|X
KoUo An[ahm` Amho. s H$mX~arH$ma Agm doJim
dJ H$aUo AZw[MV Agbo Var A`mgmgmR>s
^maVmV Var Vgo H$amdo bmJVo. naVw, `m dVnUo
H$mX~ar jomV H$[dVm _hmOZ ("~' Am[U "[^')
d _oKZm noRo> ("Zm[VMam_s') `mZs doe Ho$bm `m
Y`mVyZ AOyZ _amR>s dmMH$ gmdabo ZmhsV.
`m`m _mJyZ bo[IH$mMs \$is H$es C^s amhVo Vo
nmhm`Mo.
Xwgam dmh Jm_sU boIH$m`m H$mX~`mMm.
Jo`m XeH$mV Jm_sU nmd^y_sdarb 8-10 Var
H$mX~`m _amR>sV [g Pm`m. Agb
IoS>mda`m IoS>mVsb VUmZsM [b[hbo`m.
`mMo Zm`H$ AmhoV O_sZ H$gUmao eoVH$ar. `m gd
H$mX~`m_YyZ ~XbUm`m IoS>mMo [dXmaH$ dUZ
`oVo. Vo AJmda ehmao AmUVo. amOH$maU,
[ZdS>UwH$mMm Yw_mHy$i [dH$mgm`m ZmdmImbs
_yR>^am`m hmVs Ambobo ngo `m gd JmoQ>t_wio IoS>s
^UJ d ~H$mb ~ZV Mmbbs AmhoV. JmdJwS>,
JmdnwT>mar, Wm[ZH$ YZdmZ, ~So> eoVH$ar, nmo[bg
d gaH$mar A[YH$mar, daMo gmmYmar `m`m

hmV[_idUsVyZ JmdmVsb emofU `dWm A[YH$M

Owbw_s, Hy$a Am[U ~[bR> hmoV Amho. [eH$bobs
VU nmoao eoVsda H$m_ H$am``m EodOs nwT>m`m`m
ZmXs bmJyZ ~oH$ma [hS>V AmhoV. bmoH$emhs`m
ZmdmImbs EH$m_mJyZ EH$ [d[dY Vamda`m
[ZdS>UwH$m_wio JQ>-VQ>mMs \$mQ>m\y$Q> Am[U dmT>V
OmUmao AmnmngmVsb d_Z` `m H$maUmZs IoS>s
hamU Pmbs AmhoV. nydu IoS>m_`o emofU hmoV
ZhVo Ago Zmhs, nU AmVm amOH$s` Mmag
\$mQ>m\w$Q>t_wio gmar _y``dWm CbQ>s nmbQ>s hmoV
Amho. IoS>m_Ysb _mUwgH$s ZQ> hmoV AgyZ
^mS>U VQo>, of _ga, gwS>mMo amOH$maU `m_wio
dmVmdaU [dfmar Pmbo Amho, Ago ^sfU [MU ho
~hwVoH$ boIH$ m_m[UH$nUo H$aVmV. [dX^,
_amR>dmS>m, n{M_ _hmamQ>, ImXoe d H$moH$U `m
gd ^mJmVyZ ho boIH$ [bhrV AgyZ `m`m `m
H$mX~arVsb emofUmMm ~is Amho H$moUsM dmbs Z
Cabobm Hw$U~s eoVH$ar.
[~H$ Zmam`U Ao `mZs "JmdJmS>m'_`o
d[Ubobm gd ~mOyZs ZmS>bm OmV Agbobm
~isamOm. `m H$mX~`mZs OUy EH$_VmZo `$
Ho$bo`m `m ^`H$a "[\$Zm[_Zm'Ms AOyZ _amR>s
gm[h` g_sjH$mZs XIb KoVbobs [XgV Zmhs. da
[Xbo`m `mXs`m AIoarg dmMZmV Ambo`m `m
Jm_sU H$mX~`mMs doJis `mXs [Xbobs Amho.
AmUIshr nwH$i AgVsb.`m Ymd`m AmT>m`mV
nwH$i _hdm`m H$mX~arH$mamMm CoI H$aVm
Ambm Zmhs. [dlm_ ~oSo>H$a, ls.Zm. n|S>go, aU[OV
XogmB, [ddmg nmQ>sb, nw.^m. ^mdo, h._mo. _amRo>;
[edm` amOZ ImZ d amOZ Jdg dJao. n|S>go,
~oSo>H$a Am[U nmQ>sb `mMm [deof CoI H$am`bm
hdm hmoVm. ~oSo>H$amZs Amn`m "aUmJU' `m EH$_od
H$mX~arV OmJ[VH$ CMs JmR>bs Aes Iyn
VH$mbsZ g_sjH$mZs Amnbs g_OyV H$$Z KoVbs
Amho. noS>emZs mXo[eH$ H$mX~arbm CMs m
H$$Z [Xbs Am[U nmQ>sb `mZs Eo[Vhm[gH$
H$mX~arVsb amo_mg Z gmoS>Vm _moR>m gemoYZmMs
OmoS> XoV VH$mbsZ [d[eQ> dmVdmMo MmJbo [MU
Ho$bo. nwT>sb `mXs gJ`mZm g_mYmZ XoUmar Zmhs.
H$maU, Vs nydJha[hV d dVw[ZR> Agbs Var
A[YH$V g_sjH$mMs A`mgnyU _Vo bjmV Z
KoVm EH$mM `$sZo hUOo VwV boIH$mZo
Amn`m _VsZo V`ma Ho$bs Amho. nU, `m H$mX~`m
dmM`mg _amR>s H$mX~arMm [dH$mg, [M d
Mm[a` VgoM [VMo XwXds `yZ g_O`mg _XV
hmoBb.
gnH$ : 9869429892
B-ob : sadhu.arun@gmail.com

OyZ-Owb 2011

57

dmL>_`sZ [Z`VH$m[bHo$ : Ymo`m`m diUmda

b

Ky A[Z`VH$m[bH$mMs gwdmV _amR>s

gm[h` [ddmV "g`H$Wo'Mm EH$N>s
A_b gw$ AgVmZmM Pmbs. eX
(1955), [Xem (1955), Zdo boIZ (1958),
$nJYm (1959), $n (1961), aJ (1961)
AWd (1961), Agmo (1962), AmVm (1964)
^m$S> (1964), ho_m (1964), Ajao (1967),
\$$ (1967), [Q>~ (1968), Vmngs (1968),
`o (1968), dmMm (1968), X[ZH$ MH$dVs
(1969), eX (1969) g.Z.[d.[d. (1969),
lseX (1969), A~H$S>B (1969, 72) hs
n[h`m XsS> eVH$mVsb bKy [Z`VH$m[bHo$ d
`mZVahs [dmoh, [eHy$, amdm, g_J, g_yh,
eXH$ma, ey`, AUd, h, I, JmS>s, [XS>s, ~,
PmPP, H$[dVm, F$Mm, ggX, H$mo[ZQ>sH$s, gbmVo
gbmZmVo B. H$mhs bKy A[Z`VH$m[bHo$ nwT>`m
XeH$mV [ZKmbs. Odi-Odi XmoZ XeHo$ hs bKyA[Z`VH$mbHo$ [ZKmbobs [XgVmV. _m, bKy
A[Z`VH$m[bH$mMm _w` H$mbIS> hm gmR>Mo XeH$
hmM hmoVm. `m H$mimV Xoe^amV bKy [Z`VA[Z`VH$m[bHo$ [ZKV hmoVs.
_amR>sV`m bKy A[Z`VH$m[bH$mMs g`m
Mmisg`m Amgnmg [XgyZ `oVo. H$mhs A`mgH$mZs
hs g`m `mnojmhs OmV Zm|Xdbobs Agbs Var
`jmV _m I`m AWmZo `mZm bKy
A[Z`VH$m[bH$ hUVm `oBb Aem J^sanUo
[ZKmbo`m bKy A[Z`VH$m[bH$mMs g`m nYam`m
nwTo> OmV Zmhs. bKy A[Z`VH$m[bH$m`m
g`o~bMm g^_ dmT>`m_mJo AZoH$ H$maUo [XgyZ
`oVmV. 1. MwH$sZo g_O`mV Ambobs bKyA[Z`VH$m[bHo$, 2. CWi d$nmMs, hmes bKy
A[Z`VH$m[bHo$, 3. [V[H$`m_H$ nHo$, nw{VH$m,
m[V[ZYsH$ H$[dVmgJh `m gJ`mMm bKy
A[Z`VH$m[bH$ hUyZ Ho$bm Jobobm g_mdoe.
[edm` bKy A[Z`VH$m[bH$H$`mZs gwm MwH$s`m
nVsZo Ho$bobs dJdmar, AmH$bZ Am[U
Jag_Omda AmYm[aV H$mT>bo Jobobo [ZH$f.
A~H$S>B `m bKy A[Z`VH$m[bH$mZo
1969n`V`m bKy A[Z`VH$m[bH$m`m gyMs AH$
H$m[eV H$$Z hm `Z Ho$bobm Agbm Var hs
gyMs [ZXm}f d$nmMs hUVm `oV Zmhs.
bKy
23
gyMsVsb
A~H$S>B`m
A[Z`VH$m[bH$mnH$s J^sanUo [ZKmbo`m bKy
A[Z`VH$m[bH$mMs g`m \$maM WmoS>s Amho. `m
gyMsV Ogm H$mhs hmes, An[an$ bKy

58 OyZ-Owb 2011

A[Z`VH$m[bH$mMm g_mdoe Amho VgmM H$mhs [H$dm `m dmL>_`sZ, gmH$[VH$, gm_m[OH$,

nman[aH$ bKy [Z`VH$m[bH$mMmhs Amho. 1955 Vo amOH$s` `dWobm [damoY hUyZ hs bKy [Z`V1960 `m gwdmVs`m ghm dfmVsb eX, [Xem, A[Z`VH$m[bHo$ C^s amhyZ EH$ Midi g_moa Ambs
Ves Midihs Amn`mH$So> _amR>sV pQ>jonmV `oV
Zmhs. `mVsb ~hwVme bKy A[Z`VH$m[bHo$ Mma
hmes bmoH$ EH$ `oD$Z Oo-Oo [b[hbo Amho Vo-Vo
H$go~go N>mnyZ \w$H$Q> dmQ>`mV g_mYmZ _mZUmar
hmoVs, Va H$mhtZs VH$mbsZ H$mimV bKy
A[Z`VH$m[bH$m[df`s [Z_mU Pmbo`m db`mMo
AmH$fU dmQy>Z `dWoV [ea`mMm emQ>H$Q>
hUyZhs bKy A[Z`VH$m[bHo$ H$mT>bobs [XgVmV.
Ago Agbo Var `mMm bKy A[Z`VH$m[bH$mVyZ
C_oXdmar Ho$bo`m amOm T>mbo, Zm_Xod T>gmi
`mgma`m H$ds - boIH$mH$Sy>Z [H$dm [df_
g_mO`dWo[d C^o amhyZ X[bVmMo Xw:I
Amn`m gm[h`mVyZ _mS>Um`m ~m~yamd ~mJwb,
X`m ndma, AOwZ S>mJio, Ho$ed _olm_, dm_Z
[Z~miH$a, JJmYa nmZVmdUo B. H$dtZr
"A{_VmXe'gma`m [Z`VH$m[bH$mVyZ I`m
AWmZo VH$mbsZ gm_m[OH$, amOH$s`, gmH$[VH$,
Zdo boIZ, $nJYm, $n, aJ `m bKy dmL>_`sZ `dWobm ZmH$ma`mMm `Z Ho$bobm
H$mhsgo [XgVmo. nwTo> `mM ZH$mamVyZ X[bV gm[h`
d$n
[Z`VH$m[bH$mMo
[Z`VH$m[bH$mgmaIoM Amho. AmH$mamMo, nR>g`oMo Midisbm ~i [_im`mMo [XgyZ `oVo.
XoemV`m, ~mhoa`m bKy [Z`VH$m[bH$m`m
bKwd, [H$dm A[Z`[_VVm gmoS>Vm Wm[nV H$ds
Midis `m bKy A[Z`VH$m[bH$m`m H$`m`m
g_moa hmo`m. [Xs `oWo Pmbo`m AmXoe \$moa_`m
_Joe Zmam`U H$mio
bKy n[H$m XeZ Am[U MMmgm_wio bKy
boIH$mMo, Ow`m-Z`mMo, hmes H$dtMo boIZ `mVyZ [Z`VH$m[bH$mMo _mSo>bhs g_moahs hmoVo. [dMmamMs
[XgyZ `oVo. Wm[nV `dWobm [damoY Ag`mnojm XodmU-KodmU hmoVs. _hdm`m gJ`mM bKy
H$m[eV hmo`mgmR>s n`m`s `dWm AgoM d$n A[Z`VH$m[bH$mMo H|$ _w~Bgma`m [R>H$mUs
Ag`mZo d ZVa`m H$mimV ~S>Imoa R>abobo Ag`mZo _wUm`m gmo`shs CnbY hmo`m. Ago
~hwVmes H$ds-boIH$ `m dois Wm[nV hUd`m AgVmZm ~hwVme bKy A[Z`VH$m[bH$mMo d$n
Jobo`m g`H$WoVyZ [bhrV Ag`mZo `m bKy mW[_H$ XOmMo hmoVo. dmV[dH$ Agmo, AH$~S>B,
{Z`VH$m[bH$mMm `m gyMsV Ho$bobm g_mdoe `mo` amdm, \$$ (eodQ>Mm AH$) gmaIs gJ`mM Q>sZo
ge$ AgUmar bKy A[Z`VH$m[bHo$ g_moa
R>aV Zmhs.
`mVsb AWd, Agmo, ^m$S>, `o, dmMm, AgVmZmhs hs bKy A[Z`VH$m[bHo$ ~migo H$m Y$
A~H$S>B, \$$ d ZVa`m [dmoh, Amhs, amdm B. eH$bs Zmhs ho H$moSo>M Amho. "dmMm'gma`m bKy
H$mhs bKy A[Z`VH$m[bH$mMmM [dMma J^sanUo [Z`VH$m[bH$mZo Va _wInR>mda EImXo [M
bKy-A[Z`VH$m[bHo$ hUyZ H$aVm `oVmo. `mVhs N>mn`mEodOs H$m`m aofm _maUoM ngV Ho$bobo
EImX-XmoZ bKy A[Z`VH$m[bH$mMm AndmX [XgVo. (`m H$mimV _w~BV moJo[gh JwnMs WmnZm
dJiVm gJ`mMm [damoY hm "g`H$Wm' `m Pmbobs hmoVs. _hmamQ>mV niesH$a, Jm`Vm|So>,
dmL>_`sZ `dWonwaVmM _`m[XV [XgVmo. `m_wio ~ado, hwgoZ `mgmaIs _hdmMs [MH$ma _S>is
VH$mbsZ BVa ^maVs` ^mfoV [ZKmbo`m bKy hmoVs.) bKy [Z`VH$m[bH$m`m Xoe[dXoemVsb
bKy MidisV [MH$mamMm d [MH$boMmhs _moR>m
`m
[Z`V-A[Z`VH$m[bH$mes
A[Z`VH$m[bH$mMs VwbZm H$aUohs `mo` R>aV Zmhs. gh^mJ am[hbobm AgVmZm _amR>s bKy

A[Z`VH$m[bH$mMs hs CXmgrZVm _m R>iH$nUo

g_moa `oVo.
1. `m bKy A[Z`VH$m[bH$mVyZ Odi-Odi
e^am`m da H$ds [bhrV hmoVo. `mVsb H$mhs
_moOHo$M H$ds AmO H$[dVo`m n[aKmV [XgVmV, Oo
WmoSo> H$ds `m H$mbIS>mVyZ g_moa Ambo `mV`m
~hwVoH$mMo boIZ EH$Va ZVa`m H$mimV _Xmdbobo
[H$dm nwT>`m H$mimV _hdmMs H$[dVm [b[hVm
Ambs Zmhs. CXm. dgV Xmmo` JwOamgma`m
_hdm`m H$dsH$Sy>Zhs ZVa`m H$mimV \$maes
_hdmMs H$[dVm [bhyZ Pmbs Zmhs, Va bKy
A[Z`VH$m[bH$mVyZ A^mdmZoM [b[hUm`m AU
H$mobQ>H$amgma`m H$dsH$Sy>Z ZVa`m H$mimV
esfW H$[dVm [bhyZ Pmbs, Va H$mhs H$dtZs
gmV`mZo [bhyZhs `mZm dV:Mm Agm Moham gmnSy>
eH$bm Zmhs.
2. hm H$mbIS> H$bo`m / dmL>_`m`m jomV
EH$m diUmMm H$mbIS> hmoVm. Odi-Odi
gJ`mM H$bm H$mam_`o, dmL>_` H$mam_`o
A^yVnyd ~Xb KSy>Z `oV hmoVo. CXm. [MnQ>,
ZmQ>H$, [MH$bm B. [edm` gm_m[OH$, amOH$s`,
gmH$[VH$ OsdZmVhs AZoH$ Midis hmoV hmo`m.
`mMo ~ao-dmBQ> n[aUmhs hmoV hmoVo. `m gJ`mMs
XIb `m bKy-A[Z`VH$m[bH$mZs A^mdmZoM
KoVbobs [XgVo.
3. ^maVmV BVa ^mfoVhs bKy [Z`VH$m[bHo$
[ZKV hmoVs. [deofV: ~Jmb, [hXs ^m[fH$ XoemV
Va `m bKy [Z`VH$m[bH$mZs MidisMo d$n
YmaU Ho$bo hmoVo. `m VwbZoV _amR>sV Aes Midi
C^s amhy eH$bs Zmhs; _m, `m bKy
A[Z`VH$m[bH$mZm g_mVa AUmar X[bV
gm[h`mMs Midi _moR>m ZoQ>mZo C^s am[hbobs
[XgVo.
4. `m bKy A[Z`VH$m[bH$m`m H$`mMm
Wm[nV Ag`mbm gmV`mZo [damoY hmoVm. VgmM
"g`H$Wo'V`m Xw`_ XOm`m boIZmbmhs [damoY
hmoVm. OJ^amVbo, ^maVs` ^mfm_`o _hdmMo
H$ds, boIH$ `mMo boIZ `m H$`mMo gmmH|$o
[Z_mU H$$Z `m H$mimVsb Xw`_ XOm`m
dmL>_`mMo, A[^Ms g_WZ H$a`mV AmKmS>sda
[XgVmV. `m_wio `m doiMo ~S> `dWo`m
[damoYmV ZgyZ `dWm hmo`mgmR>s hmoVo Agmhs
[ZH$f H$mT>Vm `oVmo.
5. `m bKy A[Z`VH$m[bH$m`m aoQ>m_wio Am[U
`mMdois C`m am[hbo`m X[bV gm[h`m`m
Midis_wio nman[aH$ dmL>_`sZ gH$nZmZm VS>m
Jobm. EH$m [d[eQ> MmH$Q>sV AS>H$bobo _amR>s
gm[h`mMo ^md[dd ~XbV OmD$Z Vo A[YH$ Iwbo
Pmbo. bKy A[Z`VH$m[bH$mVsb H$ds-boIH$mZs,

Am[U X[bV gm[h`m`m MidisVyZ nwTo> Ambo`m

H$ds-boIH$mZs Amn`m OmVs-O_mVsV`m,
XoemV`m ~mobs ^mfoV dmL>_`mMs ^mfm
~Zd`mMm `Z Ho$bm. `m_wio gm[h`mMs ^mfm
A[YH$ g_, _moH$is, dsH$maesb Pmbs.
bKy A[Z`VH$m[bH$m`m AVmZVa 1975 Vo
1990 hm XsS> eVH$mMm H$mbIS> dmL>_`sZ
[Z`V-A[Z`VH$m[bH$mgmR>s
[ZamemOZH$
H$mbIS> hUmdm bmJob. `m H$mimV bhmZ-_moR>s
H$mhs [Z`VH$m[bHo$ CX`mg Ambs Agbs Var
VH$mbsZ dmL>_`mda [H$dm `m`m OS>UKS>Usda
`m [Z`VH$m[bH$mMm \$magm ^md nS>bm Zmhs.
`m H$mbIS>mV "g`H$Wm' eodQ>`m ndmV hmoVo.
[VR>mZ, `wJdmUs, _hmamQ> gm[h` n[H$m `m

[Z`VH$m[bH$mgmo~V AjadX^s, A{_VmXe,

g_w[MV, H$[dVmaVs, gdmX, Aja Midi, nydm
`m H$mhs [Z`VH$m[bH$mZs `m H$mimV`m dmL>_`sZ
`dhmambm gmo~V Ho$bs. AmaJm~mX `oWyZ gw$
Pmbo`m "A{_VmXe'Mo H$m` gmR>moma
H$mbIS>mVM gw$ Pmbo hmoVo. 1977nmgyZ ho
[Z`VH$m[bH$ _m[gH$ Pmbo. `m H$mbIS>mVsb
X[bV Om{UdoVyZ [Z_mU hmoUm`m Odi-Odi
gJ`mM gm[h`mgmR>s ho h$mMo `mgnsR> ~Zbo.
Va Z`mZoM gw$ Pmbo`m "g_w[MV'Zo
A{_VmXe`m g_mVa OmUm`m ^y[_Ho$VyZ hm
narK A[YH$ Xmd`mMm `Z Ho$bm.
`m H$mbIS>mV gw$ Pmbobo "AZwQy>^' (1977)
ho EH$_od _hdmMo [Z`VH$m[bH$ hUVm `oBb. ho
[Z`VH$m[bH$ Jo`m 34 dfmnmgyZ gw$ Amho. a_oe
daIoSo> `mZs ho _m[gH$ bmgbJmd `oWyZ gw$
Ho$bo. nydgwar`m g`H$Wm, N>X gma`m
[Z`VH$m[bH$m`m nmD$bdmQo>d$Z MmbUm`m `m

[Z`VH$m[bH$mZo a_oe daIoSo>, nwfmom_ nmQ>sb,

_.gw. nmQ>sb, ^mH$a ~mJbo, JJmYa nmQ>sb,
[dO` Vmng, EH$ZmW nJma Aem AZoH$
gnmXH$m`m H$mimV VH$mbsZ gm[h` `dhma
gm^mibm. AZwQw>^ ho g_sjogmR>s AmoiIbo
OmUmao [Z`VH$m[bH$ Agbo Var H$Wm, H$[dVm,
EH$m[H$H$m, ZmQ>H$ Aem [d[dY dmL>_` H$mamZmhs
`mVyZ WmZ [_imbo. Jo`m H$mhs dfmnmgyZ ho
[Z`VH$m[bH$ Zd-AZwQy>^ ZmdmZo H$m[eV hmoVo
Amho.
1985_`o Ywio `oWyZ gw$ Pmbobo "H$[dVmaVs'
ho _m[gH$ H$[dVobm dm[hbobo [Z`VH$m[bH$. nydu
H$mhs H$mi AZwQy>^Mo gnmXZ gm^miUm`m
nwfmom_ nmQ>bmg_moa H$[dVmaVs`m [Z[_VsgmR>s
OiJmd `oWyZ [ZKmbo`m H$m`aZmdbsMs oaUm
hmoVs. H$m`, H$m`[dMma, H$m`g_sjm `mZm
mYm` AgUm`m `m [Z`VH$m[bH$mZo Jo`m
AYeVH$mVsb Odi Odi gJ`mM Ow`m-Z`m
H$dt`m H$[dVm AmdOyZ N>mn`m. H$mhs
[deofmH$hs H$mT>bo. Hw$gy_mJO, dm.am. H$mV,
B[Xam gV, ~mbH$ds B. [deofmH$ CoIZs` hUVm
`oVsb. H$[dVmaVs gwdmVs`m XeH$mV [Z`[_VnUo
[ZKV hmoVo. ZVa`m H$mimV A[Z`[_VVm Ambs
Agbs Var doimodois _mJMo AH$ H$mTy>Z [Z`[_V
H$a`mMm `Z Ho$bobm [XgVmo.
`m[edm` `m H$mbIS>mV H$mhs dmL>_`nyaH$
[Z`VH$m[bHo$hs [ZKmbs. gmR>moma H$mbIS>mV
[ZKmbobo "AmbmoMZm' (1962) ho [Zdi
g_sjogmR>s [ZKmbobo _m[gH$ d$nmVsb
[Z`VH$m[bH$ Odi-Odi Vsg df} gw$ hmoVo.
gmR>moma H$mbIS>mVsb dmL>_` `dhmamMs
J^sanUo [M[H$gm H$aUmao ho EH$ _hdmMo
[Z`VH$m[bH$ hmoVo.
`m H$mbIS>m`m eodQ>s 1986_`o eoJmd `oWyZ
eXdoY Am[U 1988_`o ehmnya `oWyZ A[^Ym hs
XmoZ A[Z`VH$m[bHo$ [ZKmbs. gwdmVs`m
H$mbIS>mV hs A[Z`VH$m[bHo$ H$mhses [XemhsZ
d$nmV [ZKV Agbs Var ZdXmoma H$mbIS>mV
hs A[Z`VH$m[bHo$ R>iH$nUo g_moa Ambs.
ZdXmoma H$mbIS>mVsb A[Z`VH$m[bHo$
1990 Vo 2010 `m XmoZ XeH$m`m H$mbIS>mV
EH$hs _hdmMo hUVm `oBb Ago [Z`VH$m[bH$
gw$ Pmbo Zmhs. _m, ZdXnyd H$mbIS>mV gw$
Pmbobo "eXdoY' (1986) Am[U "A[^Ym'
(1987) hs XmoZ A[Z`VH$m[bHo$ `m H$mbIS>mV
{Wamdbs hmoVs. gwdmVsbm gdg_mdoeH$
AgUm`m "eXdoY'Zo nwTo> _m H$[dVm H|$s
A[Z`VH$m[bH$ hUyZ Amnbs AmoiI [Z_mU
Ho$bs. Xm.Jmo. H$mio `mZs eoJmd `oWyZ gw$ Ho$bo`m

OyZ-Owb 2011

59

"eXdoY'Zo Amn`m XmoZ XeH$m`m H$ma[H$XuV

ZdXmoma {nT>sVsb Odi-Odi gJ`mM
_hdm`m H$dtZm H$m[eV Ho$bo. eXdoYMs
^y[_H$m gwdmVsnmgyZM nydgwar`m bKy
A[Z`VH$m[bH$mZm nyaH$ hmoVs. eXdoYZo `m
^y[_Ho$Mo ZwgVo g_WZM Ho$bo Zmhs, Va `m {nT>sVsb
H$dtMo _hdhs AYmoao[IV Ho$bo. AU H$mobQ>H$a,
_Zmoha AmoH$, Zm_Xod T>gmi B. H$dtda Pmbobo
boIZ `mMs gmj XoUmao Amho. ZdXmoma H$[dVo`m
H$meZmgmo~V `m H$[dVoMo _y`_mnZ, [M[H$gmhs
`m A[Z`VH$m[bH$mZo Ho$bobs AgyZ ZdXmoma
H$[dVm [deofmH$hs H$m[eV Ho$bobm [XgVmo.
eXdoY`m 22 dfm`m H$mbIS>mV 323 AH$
[ZKmbo. eoJmd, OiJmd, ~wbT>mUm `oWyZ doimodois
ho A[Z`VH$m[bH$ `m`m H$`mH$Sy>Z H$m[eV hmoV
hmoVo. 2008_`o ho A[Z`VH$m[bH$ ~X Pmbo.
`mM H$mimV "XeZ' A[Z`VH$m[bH$
2004_`o drU ~mXoH$a `mZs gmdVdmS>s `oWyZ
gw$ Ho$bo. gwdmVsnmgyZM _hmZJaoVa Om{UdmZm
mYm` XoUmao A[Z`VH$m[bH$ ho XeZMo d$n nwTo>

_amR>s gm[h`m`m [Z[_VsV, OS>U-KS>UsV

_hdmMm gh^mJ Zm|Xdbm Amho. [deof hUOo `m
`m H$mimVsb [Z`V-A[Z`VH$m[bH$mZs [d[eQ>
dmL>_` H$mahs R>iH$nUo g_moa AmUbm Amho.
AmO hs nanam H$mhs _moO`m
A[Z`VH$m[bH$m`m Immda C^s Agbs Var
AmO`m dmL>_`sZ `dhmamH$So> Jm^s`mZo
nmh`mMm A^md, dmMH$mMs CXmgrZVm, J^sanUo
_hdmMo boIZ H$aUm`m H$ds-boIH$g_sjH$mMm A^md nmhVm hs nanam AmO
Ymo`m`m diUmda C^s Amho Ago hUVm `oBb.
Am[U J^sanUo dmL>_`sZ `dhmambm MmbZm
XoUmar [Z`VH$m[bHo$ Oohm jsU hmoD$ bmJVmV Vohm
`m ^mfoMo, `m ^mfoVsb dmL>_`mMo WmZhs
Ymo`mV Ambobo AgVo ho dmVd [Z{MVM [dMma
H$am`bm bmdUmao Amho.
gnH$ : 9766594154
B-ob : mangeshnarayanrao@gmail.com

[Xdo Am[U nU`m

amR>s_`o Cm_ _m[gH$mMs dmZdm Amho

hm H$mhs Z`mZo MMm H$am`Mm AZ Jio
H$mT>mdm Agm [df` Zho. `mda Iyn
~mobyZ AZ [bhyZ Pmbo Amho. nU, Aem dmVmdaUmV
XoIrb H$mhs [Xdo, nU`m VodV AmhoV, COiV
AmhoV hoM AmdOyZ Zm|X `mdo Ago Amho. `mMm
Jmad H$am`bm hdm.
EHo$ H$mis g_mOdmXs njmMo _wIn dmQ>mdo Aem
gmYZm gmm[hH$mZo H$mV Q>mHy$Z Zdo $n YmaU Ho$bo hs
dmJVmh JmoQ> hUm`bm hds. gmZo JwOtnmgyZ
AmMm` OmdSo>H$a, `XwZmW Wmo, YmZ _mVa Am[U
dgV ~mnQ> Aem [XJO Zm_mdisZVa S>m. Za|
Xm^moiH$amZs "gmYZo'`m gnmXH$nXmMs gyo KoVbs
Vohm AZoH$mZs gH$maU H$miOs `$ Ho$bs hmoVs,
nU Xm^moiH$amZs gdmZm gwIX Y$m XoV "gmYZm'
ZwgVoM dmT>dbo Zmhs, Va `mbm EH$ Zdo gd_m`
d$n m H$$Z [Xbo. AmOMo "gmYZm' gmm[hH$
g_mOmV`m [d[dY JQ>mZm, hmo` VUmZm gwm,
Amnbo dmQ>mdo `mV Xm^moiH$amMo A\$mQ> l_ Am[U
XyaQ>s Amho. `mZm gmW [_imbs Vs [dZmoX [eagmR>
`m `wdm gnmXH$mMs. `mZo Anma n[al_ KoD$Z
"gmYZm'Mo $n nmbQ>d`mV Xm^moiH$amZm A[Ve`
g_W gmW [Xbs. AmVmVa [dZmoX "gmYZo'Mm
H$m`H$mar gnmXH$M Pmbm`. [edm` Xm^moiH$amZs

60 OyZ-Owb 2011

Zdmja XeZ `e [Z`VH$m[bH$mV $nmVa

Pm`mdahs H$m`_ Ag`mMo [XgyZ `oVo.
`m H$mbIS>m`m CmamYmV gw$ Pmbobo EH$_od
[Z`VH$m[bH$ hUyZ `mMm CoI H$aVm `oBb Ago
"eX' ho _m[gH$ "eX H$meZ'Mo _mbH$ `oey
nmQ>sb `mZs _w~BVyZ gw$ Ho$bo. H$mhs H$mi eX
dm[fH$mH$ H$m[eV H$aUm`m `oey nmQ>sb `mZs
2009_`o eX gw$ Ho$bo. gdg_mdoe d$n
Agbo`m eX_YyZ H$[dVm, H$Wm, AZwdm{XV
H$Wm, g_sjm gmo~V dMm[aH$ boIZhs H$m[eV
hmoVmZm [XgVmV.
`m H$mbIS>m`m CVamYmV H$mhs
A[Z`VH$m[bHo$ [dX^ _amR>dmS>mVyZ gw$ Pmbobs
[XgV Agbs Var AOyZ `m A[Z`VH$m[bH$mMm
gwdmVsMm H$mbIS> Ag`mZo `mMm Moham nQ>
hmoD$ eH$bobm Zmhs.
dmL>_`sZ [Z`VH$m[bH$m`m nanaoMm [dMma
H$aVm "A[^Ms'nmgyZ I`m AWmZo d`mV
Ambo`m `m nanaoZo Jo`m gmV XeH$mV AZoH$
_hdm`m [Z`V-A[Z`VH$m[bH$mVyZ doimodois

[df`dma A[VWs gnmXH$ Zo_yZ gmYZm A[YH$

`mnH$ Ho$bo Amho. "gmYZm'_`o `oUmao amOH$s`,
gm_m[OH$ Am[U dMm[aH$ boI H$m`_ Ro>dyZ
Xm^moiH$a-[eagmR> `mZs AZoH$ Zdo [df` gmYZo`m
n[aKmV AmUbo. `mV Zdo ZmQ>H$, JmObobo nwVH$
BVHo$M mho, Va AJXs [H$Ho$Q> XoIrb d` Zmhs.
IaoVa, gmm[hH$ MmbdUo hs A[Ve` AdKS> JmoQ>.
dmnmgmaIo ~mV`m m`m Va `m [e`m hmoD$Z
OmVmV Am[U _m[gH$mgmaIm XO}Xma _OHy$a mdm Va
gVVMs Ymdni AS>MUsMs. nU, gmYZm

gO` ^mH$a Omoes

gmm[hH$mZo hm g_Vmob Cm_ gm^mibobm [XgVmo.
Am[U "gmYZm' [Xdmis AH$ Xadfu Om[hamVtMm
[dH$_ H$aV Ag`mZo "gmYZm'Ms Am[WH$ ~mOy
H$_Hw$dV Zgmds! `mVM gmYZm ~mbHw$_ma [Xdmis
AH$ Va InmMohs [dH$_ H$$Z bmIm-bmImMo
AmH$So> XmIdVmo`. EHw$UmV Jo`m dfmV gmYZmZo
Amnbo WmZ A[YH$m[YH$ ~iH$Q> Ho$`mZo `mMo
A[^ZXZ H$am`bm hdo.
gwhmg Hw$bH$Uu Am[U AmZX AdYmZs `m nH$ma
OmoS>JmoisZo nH$m[aVoV H$mhs Zdo H$amdo `m CXmm
Am[U m_m[UH$ hoVyZo dsg dfmnydu "`w[ZH$ \$sMg'

hs gWm WmnZ Ho$bs Am[U gH$mam_H$ nH$m[aVoV

Zdo _mZXS> [Z_mU Ho$bo. `mZsM Xhm dfmnydu gw$
Ho$bobo "AZw^d' _m[gH$ AmO _amR>s _m[gH$m`m
Xw[Z`oV EH$ AmeoMm Ia [H$aU R>abo Amho.
gH$mam_H$ Am[U gm_m[OH$ ~m[YbH$s _mZUmar
nH$m[aVm ho AZw^dmMo ~bWmZ. `m_wio AZoH$
gm_m[OH$ [df`mda A[Ve` gH$g _OHy$a Va
"AZw^d' XoVM AgVmo; nU, `mM~amo~a AZoH$ loR>
gm[h{`H$mMo XO}Xma b[bV gm[h` XoIrb
AZw^d_`o AmdOyZ N>mnbobo [XgVo. [Ziy Xm_bo,
g_sa Hw$bH$Uu, amOZ Jdg, dgV Am~mOs S>hmHo$,
gwhmg niesH$a Ago AZoH$ loR> boIH$
"AZw^d'_`o gmV`mZo [bhrV AgVmV.
AmOy~mOybm BVHo$ H$mhs dmBQ> KS>V AgVmZm XoIrb
H$mVwH$ H$amdo Aes _mUgo Am[U CnH$_hs AmhoV,
`mMo ^mZ OmJo Ro>d`mMo _moRo>M H$m_ AZw^d _m[gH$
gmV`mZo H$aV Amho, ho JmadmnX Amho. `m_wio
"AZw^d' [Z`_mZo dmMUm`mV _hmamQ>m`m
_w`_`mnmgyZ D$[_bm _mVm|S>H$amn`V Am[U ZmZm
nmQo>H$agma`m Ad[b`m H$bmdVmnmgyZ S>m. lsam_
bmJygma`m loR>mn`V AZoH$ OU AgmdoV `mV
Zdb Zmhs. [edm` H$mnm}aoQ> jomVsb AZw^ds
bmoH$mMo gmhm` KoD$Z AZw^d _m[gH$ [Xdg|[Xdg
A[YH$m[YH$ `mdgm[`H$, hUOo mo\o$eZb `m

MmJ`m AWmZo, hmoV Ag`mZo [XgVo. gwhmg

Hw$bH$Uu Am[U AmZX AdYmZs `mMo H$mVwH$
H$amdo [VVHo$ WmoSo>M.^mZy H$mio `m Ad[b`mZo
_w~BV MmJbm Mmbbobm [[Q>JMm `dgm` ~X
Ho$bm Am[U nw`mV `oD$Z "AVZmX' ho _m[gH$
gw$ Ho$bo hs XoIrb _mJ`m eVH$m`m
eodQ>mVbs EH$ CoIZs` JmoQ> hUmds bmJob.
`mZVa H$mhs H$mi Am[WH$ gH$Q>mMm gm_Zm XoV
ls. H$mio `mZs `m [OsZo ho _m[gH$ Mmby Ro>dbo
`mMo H$mVwH$ Amho. AWmV, `mZm _w` gmW
bm^bs Amho Vs AVZmXda o_ H$aUm`m
dmMH$mMs. gwOmU dmMH$mbm _m[bH$ gm[h`
Zoh_sM [` AgVo `mMm hm nwamdm Amho. AZoH$
[df`mda XsK A`mgnyU boI Am[U gmH$[VH$
g_sgmR>s dMm[aH$ Am[U b[bV boIZ [g
H$$Z AVZmXZo Amnbm dmMH$dJ V`ma Ho$bm.
gm. dfm H$mio `m`m _XVsZo ^mZy H$mio A[Ve`
n[al_ KoD$Z ho _m[gH$ MmbdV AmhoV.
AVZmXMm [Xdmis AH$ XoIrb Jobs AZoH$ df}
EH$ bjUs` AH$ R>abm Amho. _amR>sVbs
gdm}m_ nwVHo$, ^mfm ^[JZs, [dZmoX Aem
AZoH$ [df`mZm g_[nV Ago ho [deofmH$
AVZmXMo AmH$fU R>abo AmhoV. dmMH$mMm
gh^mJ Am[U gdmX hohs AVZmXMo EH$ d[eQ>
Amho. AZoH$ `oR> boIH$ Am[U a[gH$ dmMH$
`mMm EH$ [ZamimM AVZmX n[adma `m[Z[_mmZo
[Z_mU Pmbobm [XgVmo. ^mZy H$mio `mZs Amnbm
AVZmX AmoiIbm Am[U _amR>sV EH$ Cm_
_m[gH$ [Z_mU Pmbo. `m~b `mMo A[^ZXZ
H$am`bm hdo.
_Oo{Q>H$ H$meZm`m Ho$edamd H$moR>mdio `m
OmUH$ma d gm{h`o_r H$meH$mZo gw$ Ho$bobo
"b{bV' ho _m{gH$ _w`V: gm{h` {d, `m

AVZmX :
H$meZ : _m[gH$
dm[fH$ dJUs . 450/- XmoZ df} . 880/gnH$ : AVZmX, gs-2, JmS>Z BQo>Q>, dm`abog
H$mbZsOdi, AmY, gs-411007.
\$moZ : 020-65227233
gmYZm
H$meZ : gmm[hH$
dm[fH$ dJUs : . 500, XmoZ df} . 1000/- VsZ df}
: . 1500
gnH$ : gmYZm gmm[hH$, 926, gXm[ed noR>, ~.
JmS>Jsi aVm, nwUo-411030.
AZw^d
H$meZ : _m[gH$
dm[fH$ dJUs . 500/- XmoZ df} . 1000/- VsZ df}
. 1500/gnH$ : `w[ZH$ [\$Mg, 8 A[_V H$mbog, 474,
gXm[ed noR>, [Q>iH$ aVm, nwUo-411030.
\$moZ : 020-24470896
_w~B gnH$ : 105, lsg, H$~wVaIm`mOdi, ^dmZs
eH$a amoS>, _w~B-400028.
\$moZ - 022-24411398
b{bV
H$meZ : _m{gH$
dm{fH$ dJUr : n`o 220, Mma dfmMr gdbVrMr
dJUr . 800/gnH$ : 308, {\${Zg, 457, Eg.hr.nr. amoS>,
{JaJmd, _w~B-400004.
\$moZ : 23826225

{dmV`m KS>m_moS>r Am{U gm{h`{df`H$ boI

`mgmR>r {g Amho. Ho$edamdm`m ZVa `mMo
{MaOrd AemoH$ H$moR>mdio `mZr ho _m{gH$
g_WnUo Mmby Ro>dbo. AZoH$ df} O`dV Xidr ho
"b{bV'_`o "R>UR>Unmi' `m ZmdmZo Iw_mgXma
gXa {bhrV Am{U Vo "b{bV'Mo EH$ _moRo>M
AmH$fU hmoVo. gm{h` {dmV H$m` KS>V Amho
Vo, hUOo Z`m nwVH$mMo AmJ_Z, AZoH$
gm{h{`H$ nwaH$ma, gm{h{`H$ CnH$_ Am{U
H$m`H$_ ho gmao "b{bV'_`o h_Img AmT>iVo.
`mM~amo~a nwVH$ n[aM` Am{U g_rjm_H$
Aer AZoH${dY gXao "b{bV'Mo {deof AmH$fU
Amho. b{bV`m "bjdoYr` nwVHo$ {H$dm
"_mZmMo nmZ' `m gXam_`o Amn`m
nwVH$m{df`r N>mnyZ `oUo boIH$-H$meH$mZm
A{^_mZmMo dmQ>Vo Am{U `mmaoM dmMH$mZm
MmoIXinUo nwVH$mMr {ZdS> Am{U IaoXr H$aVm
`oVo. AZoH$ `o Am{U lo gm{h{`H$ AmdOyZ
"b{bV'_`o {bhrV AgVmV Am{U `m_wioM
Aem XO}Xma gm{h{`H$mMo boIZ Am{U dgV
gadQo> `mMo _wIn Agbobm "b{bV'Mm {Xdmir
AH$ a{gH$mMo bj doYyZ KoVmo `mV Zdb Zmhr.
_amR>sV _m[gH$mMs H$_s Amho ho Va
g`M Amho. nU, Aem n[a{WVsV gmYZm,
AZw^d Am[U AVZmX gma`mMo `Z OmVM
_mobmMo R>aVmV. Oar Amho Vs ZdZ`m
[dnUZVmZo Aem MmJ`m _m[gH$mMo
dJUsXma dmT>dm`Ms. `mgmR>s AmnU gdM
_amR>s o_tZs ^$_nUo `m _m[gH$m`m nmR>ses
C^o am[hbo nm[hOo. Amnbs H${VesbVmM `m
nU`m VodV Ro>dob.
gnH$ : 9822003411

OyZ-Owb 2011

61

Zdo [ejU, Z`m [Xem, Zdo JW

Am

`w`m`m gwdmVsbm _wbo n[agamVsb

^mfm ghOJ`m Am_gmV H$aVmV. Vs
`mMs AmnUhyZ Am_gmV Ho$bobs
n[hbs ^mfm AgVo. `m n[h`m ^mfobm Zg[JH$
j_VoMo A[YR>mZ Ag`m_wio Am[U _mZds _|Xy_`o
[Vbm YwdWmZ [_imbobo Ag`m_wio, hs ^mfm ho
`mMo Am`w`^amgmR>s Cn`moJmV `oUmao gm_`
AgVo. [dMma H$aUo, H$nZm H$aUo, g_`m [ZdmaU
H$aUo Am[U AmnMm[aH$ [ejU KoUo `m gm`mM
JmoQ>tMo ^mds gmYZ hUOo hs _yi, Zg[JH$
n[agamVsb ^mfm AWdm _mV^mfm hoM AgVo. hs
n[aga^mfm hoM [ejUmMo _m`_ Agmdo Ago
OJ^amMo [ejU emk AmJhnydH$ gmJVmV.
_hmamQ>mV _amR>s _wbm`m [ejUmMo Zg[JH$
_m`_ _amR>s ^mfm hoM Amho. `m_wio Os _wbo _amR>s
emim_YyZ _amR>s _m`_mVyZ [eH$VmhoV, `mZm
n[h`m ^mfo`m gm_`mMm bm^ `m`m [ejUmV
AmngyH$M [_iUma Amho. hm _amR>s ^mfoMm
ej[UH$ bm^ XwbjyZ Os _wbo BJOs _m`_mVsb
[ejUmH$So> diVmV `m`m~m~VsV _m [MVm
H$amds Aes n[a{WVs Amho. BJOs emim Iyn
~[XV AmhoV, Va _amR>s emim VwbZoZo Iyn bdMsH$
AmhoV. `m_wio _amR>s emimZm AmVm dV:V ~Xb
KS>dV Cm`m OsdZmbm gm_moao Om`mMo AmhmZ
`md`mg haH$V Zmhs.
[~[Q>eH$mbsZ [ejU
_amR>s ^mfoVyZ [ejU, `mbm XsKH$mbmMs nanam
Amho. [~[Q>enyd H$mimV IoS>m-nmS>mVyZ
nVmoOt`m emim gdXya ngabo`m hmo`m,
Ang`oZo H$m hmoBZm naVw [d[dY OmVs-Y_mMo
[dmWu `m _amR>s emim_YyZ OmV hmoVo. `mMo nwamdo
Ya_ nmb `mZs Amn`m "X `w[Q>\w$b Q>s' `m JWmV
[Xbo AmhoV. [~[Q>e - Adb BJOs`m
gwdmVs`m H$mimV hm gmd[H$ [ejUmMm "gwXa
dj' PSy> bmJ`mMm [ZH$fhs Ya_ nmb `mZs
H$mT>bm Amho. `m H$mimV, EH$sH$So> [_eZ`m`m
_amR>s BJOs emim VJ Y$ bmJ`m Va XwgarH$So>,
[ejUmMm Ame`M _`m[XV H$aUmao, [~[Q>emMo
embo` [ejU gaH$mar gmhm`mZo dmTy> bmJbo.
_hm_m \w$bo
`m [~[Q>em`m H$ma[H$XuV g`oZo [Z JwUmZs
_`m[XV Pmbo`m [ejUmbm No>X Xo`mMm `Z,
Amn`m H$VtVyZ, C$tVyZ Am[U boIZmVyZ
H$a`mMm n[hbm ^mds `Z hmoVm Vmo _hm_m \w$bo
`mMm. VH$mbsZ gaH$mao[aV emimVyZ Ho$di

62 OyZ-Owb 2011

nwVH$s Am{U XZ[XZ JaOmMs XIb Z KoUmao AgoM

H$maHw$Zs [ejU [_iV Ag`mMs Q>sH$m _hm_m
\w$bo `mZs Ho$bs Amho. OmoVsamdmZs ho AmoiIbo hmoVo
H$s gm_m[OH$-Ym[_H$ MmH$Q> A^J Ro>dyZ hiyhiy
H$_e: ~Xb H$a`mMo YmoaU H$Yshs `eds hmoUma
Zmhs, Va gnyU `dWo`m d [Vbm AmYma^yV

m. a_oe nmZgo
hmoUm`m _y``dWo`m [damoYmVM nQ> ^y[_H$m
`mds bmJob; Am[U Ves Vs `m`Ms Va emo[fV
d[MVmMsM gK[Q>V VmH$X C^s H$amds bmJob...
{`m`m d ewmXs-A[Vewm`m [ejUmMs
gwdmV H$$ZM [VMs C^maUs H$aVm `oBb. `mZs
emgZmbm Va `mgmR>s AmdmhZ Ho$bo hmoVoM nU
[VWoM Z Wm~Vm `mZs dV:M _wbtgmR>s d _hma_mJmgmR>s emim H$mTy>Z `m H$m`mMm ew^ma^hs Ho$bm
hmoVm. `m`m AmYs H$moU`mM ^maVs` `$sZo hs
YS>mS>s XmI[dbs ZhVs. nanaoZo {`mZm d A`
H$[ZR> OmVtZm [ejUd[MV Ro>dyZ Oo Oo ZmH$mabo Vo
gmao `mZm naV [_idyZ Xo`mMm EH$_od _mJ hUOo
`mZm [e[jV H$$Z `mMs OmUsdOmJVs H$aUo,
AmnU H$m` J_mdbo Amho `mMo ^mZ Am[U Vo
[_i[d`mMs AmH$mjm `m`m _ZmV OmJdUo hmM
Amho Aes OmoVsamdmMs Ims hmoVs. Aem eXmV
^mH$a ^moio `mZs _hm_m \w$bo `mMs [ejU[df`H$
^y[_H$m Am[U _hVs _mS>bs Amho.
Zdo [ejU, Zds [Xem

_hm_m \w$bo `mZs hQ>a Am`moJmnwTo> [ejUm`m

gmd[H$sH$aUmgmR>s [ejUm`m _yb^yV h$mMs
1882 gmbs _mJUs Ho$bs hmoVs. hm H$mi Ho$hmM
_mJo nS>bm. [~[Q>emMs gmm OmD$Z ^maVs`mMs gmm
1947 gmbs `m XoemV Ambs. `mbmhs 63 df}
hmoD$Z Jo`mZVa 1 E[b 2010nmgyZ ~mbH$m`m
_mo\$V d g$s`m [ejUmMm H$m`Xm A_bmV
Ambm. hm H$m`Xm [ejUg~[YV `oH$mZo AmdOyZ
dmMbm nm[hOo. `m H$m`mZo, XoemV, [ejUm`m
gmd[H$sH$aUmgmo~VM
[ejUnVsVsb
nR>S>s~Vm _moSy>Z H$mTy>Z, `mV n[adVZ H$a`mMo
gyVmodmM Ho$bo Amho. XmoZ _hdm`m XVmdoOmMs
nmd^y_s `mg Amho. EH$ Amho, `e nmb `m`m
A`jVoImbsb g[_VsZo V`ma Ho$bobm
"Amo`m[dZm [ejU' hm 1993 gmbs [g
Pmbobm Ahdmb. `m AhdmbmZo mW[_H$`m
Vamda _mV^mfm hoM [ejUmMo _m`_ Agbo
nm[hOo ho AYmoao[IV H$aVmZmM EHy$U [ejUmV
H$mbmZw$n n[adVZ H$a`mgmR>s Zo_`m gyMZmhs
Ho$`m AmhoV.
Xwgam _hdmMm XVmdoO Amho Vmo, 2005 gmbs
H|$ gaH$ma`m AI`m[aV H$m[eV Pmbobm ZdsZ
"[ejUH$_mMm AmamIS>m.' `mM AmamIS>mMm
`jmV Adb~ H|$ d am` nmV`mda g`m
H$a`mV `oV Ag`m_wio, `mVsb Z`m aMZmdmXs
[ejUUmbsMm Ame` [Z nVs gd g~[YVmZs
A`mg`mMs JaO Amho. [ejU, emio`m Mma
[^Vs~mhoa, H$[_H$ nwVH$m`m MmH$Q>s`m ~mhoa,
[ejH$m`m [eH$[d`m`m nbsH$So> Am[U
dJm_Ysb ~[XV nVt`m ~mhoa H$mT>`mMm `Z
`m AmamIS>mV H$a`mV Ambm Amho. [ejU
H$[Vesb H$a`mMm Omo `Z `oWo Ho$bm Amho
`m_mJo aMZmdmXs [ejUmMo no$ em Am[U
[ejU[dMmamVsb gemo[YV ~XbmMm [Z `m_mJsb
gmpVH$ A`mgmMm B[Vhmg Amho. hm B[Vhmg
H$gH$gm KS>V Jobm Am[U `mVyZ Z`mZo nwTo>
Ambobs [Z OJ^a gmd[H$ar`m dsH$mabs OmV
Agbobs aMZmdmXs {ejUUmbs H$m` Amho [Z
`mMo `mdhm[aH$ n[a_mU H$m` AmhoV, ho m. a_oe
nmZgo `m`m "aMZmdmXs [ejU' `m AbsH$S>`m
(2 AmQ>mo~a 2010) JWmV W_V:M _amR>sV
_mS>bo Jobo Amho.
Zdo kmZ em
AbsH$So> [ejUmV Ambo`m `m Zd[dMmamMm
nm`m `m [n`mOo `m _mZgemkm`m `moJmVyZ [Z

`mdarb [dcofH$ [dMmamVyZ KmVbm Jobm Amho.

`m gX^mV AmdOyZ dmM`mgmaIo nwVH$ hUOo,
dV: [n`mOoZoM Amn`m gm`m gemoYZmMo gma
gm[JVbobo, "X gm`H$mbmOs Amh X MmBS>' ho
hmo`. [n`mOoMo _mZgems` VdkmZ gmononUmZo
g_OmdyZ `m`Mo Agob Va "[n`moOoO [WAar
Amh H$m{[Q>h [S>hbn_|Q>' ho ~ar Oo. dmS>gdW
`mMo nwVH$ dmMUo BQ>. `mVyZ ho Zdo kmZem
Amn`mbm CbJSo>b.
[n`mOoMmM g_H$mbsZ nU OJmbm
C[eam kmV Pmbobm a[e`Z ^mfmdkm[ZH$_mZgemk boh dm`JmoQ>H$s `mMs "WmQ> AS>
bdoO' Am[U "_mBS> BZ gmogm`Q>s' hs Xmohs
nwVHo$, _mUgm`m dV:`m [eH$`mes Agbobm
g_mO-gH$Vs g~Y gmpVH$ nmVisda [deX
H$aVmV. A`mYw[ZH$ [ejUemmMm nm`m hm
m_w`mZo [n`mOo Am[U dm`JmoQ>H$s `m`m
[dMmam`m EH$[V ^mdmVyZ KS>bobm Amho.
_|XygemoYZ d [ejU
Jo`m AmR> dfm_`o [ejUem nma ~XbyZ
Jobo Amho. `mVhs Jo`m Vsg dfmV _|Xy[df`H$
gemoYZ \$ma doJmZo nwTo> Ambo Amho; `m_wioM
[dgm`m eVH$mMo AIoaMo XeH$ (19912000) ho OmJ[VH$ Vamda "_|Xy gemoYZmMo
XeH$' hUyZ Jma[dbo Jobo Amho. `m gemoYZmVyZ
_mZds _|Xy AgVmo H$gm Am[U Vmo H$m` H$gm H$aVmo,
[eH$Vmo H$gm `m JmoQ>s CbJSy> bmJ`m AmhoV.
Amnbm _|Xy Am[U Amnbo [ejU Agm g~Y
Z`mZo OmoSy>Z, _|Xy AmYm[aV [ejUmMs Zds
gH$nZm [ejU`dhmamV Ambs Amho. AmYw[ZH$
[ejUmVsb hm AJXs ZdsZ Agm dmh Amho;
Am[U Vmo AmVm A[YH$ Cn`w$ dmQ>V Ag`m_wio
gd_m`hs hmoV Mmbbm Amho. hm g~Y W_V:
bmdyZ XmI[d`mMm `Z bobs hmQ> `mZs
Amn`m "w_Z ~oZ AS> w_Z b[ZJ' (1983)
`m JWmmao Ho$bm Amho. hsM _|Xy gemoYZmMs [Xem
nwTo> KoD$Z [OAm\$s d [aZoQ> Ho$Z `m n[V-nZtZs
"_o[H$J H$Zoeg: [Q>qMJ AS> X w_Z ~oZ'
(1994) hm JW [g Ho$bm. `mMoM "_mBS>
[eQ>g' (1997) Am[U "12 ~oZ/_mBS> b[ZJ
[{gnb BZ AmZ' (2009) ho _|Xy AmYm[aV
[ejUmMs Vdo d `j `dhma `mMs gmJS>
KmbUmao JW, A`mgH$mZs dmMboM nm[hOoV Ago
AmhoV. AbsH$So> _|Xy gemoYZ d [ejU `mMm
gmpVH$ d m`[jH$ nmVisda [d[dYmJs g~Y
gmJUmao Ajae: eoH$S>mo JW [g hmoV AmhoV.
`m ~m~VtV "H$ZoQ>tJ ~oZ [agM [dW B\o$Q>sh
[Q>qMJ' (2003) hm _[aEb hmS>u_Z `mMm JWhs

nmh`mgmaIm Amho. _|XyMs aMZm d H$m`} g_OmdyZ

XoUmao AZoH$ JW BJOs ^mfoV Ambo AmhoV d
AmUIshs [g hmoV AmhoV. CXmhaUmXmIb
EH$-XmoZ JW gmJVm `oVsb. EH$, _mH$ w[~Z
`mMm "hmD$ X ~oZ dg' hm qH$dm "_[nJ X _mBS>'
hm [aQ>m H$mQ>a `mMm JW. _amR>sV, m. a_oe nmZgo
d ghH$mar `mZs [b[hbobm "H$Vm-H$a[dVm' hm
JWhs AemM [df`mda Amho.
~hw[dY ~w[_mmMm [dMma

[ejU [dMmamV _yb^yV n[adVZ KS>dyZ

AmUUm`mV AbsH$S>`m H$mimVsb _mZgemk
hmdS> JmS>Za `mMo Zmd m_w`mZo KoVbo OmVo.
JmS>Za `mZs 1983 gmbs H$m[eV Ho$bo`m
Amn`m "\o$g Amh _mBS>' `m JWmmao,
~w[_mo[df`s`m nman[aH$ [dMmambm H$bmQ>Us
XoUmam "~hw[dY ~w[_mmMm [gmV' _mS>bm
Am[U `mZo [ejU [ddmV _moR>s Ii~i CS>dyZ
[Xbs. ~w[_mm hs H$m`_d$ns, AmZwd[eH$
AWdm H$_s-OmV AgUmar EH$b j_Vm ZgyZ
CbQ>, AZoH$ H$ma`m ~w[_mmMm nQ>M `oH$
`$sbm CnOV m Pmbobm AgVmo; VgoM
`oH$mMm hm nQ> doJdoJim AgVmo, Hw$Umbm EImXs
~w[_mm VsdVoZo Va Xwgar EImXs AnmemZo m
Pmbobs AgVo, Agm [dMma nwTo> AmUbm. Jo`m
nMdsgoH$ dfmV `m [dMmambm gmd[H$ar`m
_m`Vm [_iVo Amho Ago [XgVo. hmdS> JmS>Za
`m`m Zmdmda dsg-nMdsg JW AmhoV. nU,
`mZm ~hw[dY ~w[_mo`m [gmVmMm mW[_H$
nU g[dVa A`mg H$am`Mm Agob `mZs,
`mnH$s dmMboM nm[hOoV, Ago JW hUOo

"_{Q>nb BQ>[bOgog' (1993) Am[U

"BQ>[bOg [a\o$S>' (1999) ho hmo`.
AmH$bZ[df`H$ em
hmdS> JmS>Za `mZs _mS>bobm ~hw[dY
~w[_mmMm [dMma Am[U `mMm AmO`m hUOo
M[bV [ejUmes VgoM doJ`m, Z`m
[ejUmes Agbobm g~Y CbJS>Umao Am[U
Cm`m [ejUm[df`s H$mhs gmJUmao Ago AZoH$
boI dV: JmS>Za `mZs [b[hbobo AmhoV. `mnH$s
[ZdS>H$ boImMm EH$ A[V_ gJh "X [S>hbn_|Q>
AS> E`wHo$eZ Amh X _mBS>' `m ZmdmZo 2006
gmbs H$m[eV Pmbm Amho.
1956 gmbsM [ejUmbm nm`m^yV Ago Zdo
[ejUmem CX`mbm Ambo Amho. `mbm
"AmH$bZ[df`H$ em' (H$m{[Q>h gm`g) Ago
hUVmV. da dUZ Ho$bo`m [d[dY
[dMmadmhm_wio d `m_mJsb eara[dkmZ,
_mZgem, ^mfmem, _mZddeem Am[U _w`
hUOo _Omem d H$[_ ~w[_moMo em
`m_Ysb gemoYZm_wio ho em doJmZo [dH$[gV hmoV
Mmbbo Amho. [ejU`dhmamV AgUm`m gdmZm
ho em A[Zdm` [df` hUyZ [eH$mdo bmJUma
Amho. `mgmR>s AWmVM Amn`mH$S>sb S>s.ES>.,
~s.ES>., E_.ES>.Mo A`mgH$_ ~Xb`mMs
[ZVmV JaO [Z_mU Pmbs Amho. Zo_`m `m
[df`mMm B[Vhmg d d$n gmJUmam nm`m^yV JW
hUyZ _s, hmdS> JmS>Za `m`m "X _mBS>g `y
gm`g' (1995) `m JWmMm CoI H$arZ.
AmVm ho AmH$bZ[df`H$ ([ejU) em doJmZo
[dH$[gV hmoV Amho. gmh[OH$M `m [df`mda
Z`mZo AZoH$ JW [b[hbo OmV AmhoV d gnm[XV
Ho$bo OmV AmhoV. CXmhaUmW, H$amo[bZ gmo~ob `mMo
"X H$m{[Q>h gm`gog-AZ BQ>a[S>g{bZar
AmoM' (2001), Zsb {Q>qbO d BVa `mMo
"H$m{[Q>h gm`g-AZ BQ>moS>Z' (1995),
AWdm _m`Ho$b nmgZa `mZs gnm[XV Ho$bobo
"\$mD$So>eZ Amh H$m{[Q>h gm`g' (1989) ho
H$mhs Z_w`mMo JW. A`mgH$_ aMZmH$mamZs `m
Am[U Aem JWmMm AmYma `m`bm haH$V Zmhs.
~mb[ejU
[ejU `dhmam`m `j CVaS>sV gdmV
Imb`m Vamda Agbobm Am[U hUyZ [H$~hwZm
Xwb[jV am[hbobm [ejUVa hUOo ~mb[ejU
hmo`! ~mb[ejU hUOo _wbmMo gmYmaUnUo
ghm`m dfmn`VMo [ejU _mZbo OmVo. `mMm EH$
^mJ hUOo d`m`m gmYmaUnUo AS>sM dfmn`V
_wbmMo KarM d ^modVmb`m n[agamV hmoUmao
ghO[ejU. Xwgam ^mJ hUOo, AS>sM Vo gmSo>VsZ

OyZ-Owb 2011

63

`m d`mgmR>s AgUmar IoidmS>s, gmSo>VsZ Vo

gmSo>Mma `m d`mgmR>s AgUmar [eewdmS>s Am[U
gmSo>Mma Vo gmSo>nmM `m d`mH$[aVm AgUmar
~mbdmS>s `m WmoS>mem AmnMm[aH$ `dWm_`o
hmoUmao AZmnMm[aH$ [ejU. ^maVmV Am[U AWmVM
_hmamQ>mVhs ho [ejU AmVm gmd[H$ar`m CnbY
hmoD$ bmJbo Amho. naVw, `mMo gnyU em AdJV
H$$Z, {e{jH$mZs VkVm m H$$Z, ~mbH$m`m
embo`nyd [ejUmMm KmQ> KmbUm`m ~mbemim
A^mdmZoM AmT>iVmV, Am[U ho [M daoZo
~Xb`mMs JaO Amho.
^maVmVsb ~mb[ejUmMo n[hbo
AmXmobZ [JOw^mB ~YoH$m, Vmam~mB _moS>H$,
gabmXods gmam^mB `mZs 1920`m XeH$mV
C^mabo. `mZo ~mb[ejU Xoe^a AmoiIsMo Pmbo
Am[U `mMo dV:Mo hUyZ H$mhs em Amho `mMs
OmUsdhs [ZXmZ [e[jV g_mOmV ng$ bmJbs.
_hmamQ>mV Vmam~mB _moS>H$, AZwVmB dmK, [gYwVmB
A[~Ho$ `mZs Jm_sU ~mb[ejUmMo AZoH$ `moJ
H$$Z H$mhs ems` Z_wZohs [g Ho$bo. ~mbdmS>s,
AJUdmS>s, [dH$mgdmS>s, Hw$aUemim `m Zwg`m
A_yV gH$nZm Zh`m Va ems` nm`mdarb
`moJmVyZ _mS>bo`m Am[U g_mO-JaOoVyZ [Z_mU
Pmbo`m `mdhm[aH$ gH$nZm hmo`m. `oH$
~mbdmS>s-AJUdmS>s [e[jHo$Zo Am[U `m`m
gWmMmbH$mZs hm ~mb[ejUmMm B[Vhmg, ho
nm`m^yV em g_OmdyZ KoD$Z AJrH$ma`m[edm`
emim Mmbdy Z`oV. `m H$m`mV Agbo`mZs Iyn [Z
[d[dY VhoMo ~mb[ejU[df`H$ dmL>_` [Z_mU
Ho$bo Amho. _amR>s [ejUo_tgmR>s VsZ JWmMs
[e\$mag H$aVm `oBb. EH$ Amho "[ejUVk
Vmam~mB _moS>H$' ho nOm \$mQ>H$ `mZs [b[hbobo
Vmam~mBMo M[a; XmoZ, "H$mog~mS>`m Qo>H$S>sd$Z' ho
AZwVmB dmK `mMo M[a (1980) Am[U VsZ,
[gYwVmB A[~Ho$ `mMo Am_M[a "dQ>djm`m
gmdbsV' (2005).
_hmamQ>mV
ems`
~mb[ejUm`m
gmd[H$sH$aUmgmR>s "_hmamQ> ~mb[ejU
n[afXo'`m WmnZoZo (1994) nwZM Z`mZo
AmXmobZ C^o am[hbo Amho. `m gWo`m
~mb[ejUmgmR>s AZoH$ nw{VH$m H$m[eV Pm`m
AmhoV. `m n[afXo`m AmJhm_wio 1995 gmbs,
_hmamQ> "am`Var` ~mb[ejU g[_Vs' JR>sV
Ho$bs. `m g[_VsMm, ~mb[ejU emmMs OmU
XoUmam Am[U `dhma gmJUmam A[V_ Ahdmb
emgZmbm 1996 gmbs gmXa Pmbm. `m AhdmbmMo
ImOJs _wU, "emimMo H$m|S>dmSo> ZH$moV,

64 OyZ-Owb 2011

AmZXdmS>m h`mV!' `m ZmdmZo 1998_`o [g

Pmbo Amho. ~mbemimZs `m emgH$s` Ahdmbm`m
AmYmao Amn`m ~mbemim ~oVm`bm haH$V Zmhs.
ems` ~mb[ejUmMm B[Vhmg gmJUmar XmoZ
nwVHo$ _amR>sV CnbY AmhoV. EH$ Amho Vo ls. eof
Zm_bo `mMo "^maVs` ~mb[ejUmMm B[Vhmg'
(1986) ho nwVH$ d Xwgao Amho m. a_oe nmZgo
`mMo "~mb[ejU d$n d [Xem' (2005).
~mb[ejUmMo Zdo em
~mb[ejUmMo emhs AmVm ~XbVo Amho.
ZdgemoYZm`m gmhm`mZo Vo [d[dY AJmZs
[dH${gV hmoV Amho. [deofV: VsZ AJmZs

~mb[ejUmMo _hd Z`mZo _mS>bo OmV Amho.

1. _|Xy[df`H$ AbsH$S>`m gemoYZmVyZ
Ago bjmV Ambo Amho H$s _|Xy hm _mUgmMm
[eH$`mMm Ad`d Amho. O_`mnmgyZ _|Xy`m
Zg[JH$ j_Vm`m AmYmao d `m`m [dH$mgm`m
nm``mZs, ~mbH$ Amnbo [ejU AmnU H$arV
OmVo. `m_wio `m`m~m~VsV _|Xy[dH$mg hsM
_hdmMs KQ>Zm AgVo. Agohs bjmV Ambo Amho H$s
gmYmaUnUo AmR> dfmn`VMo d` ho _|Xy KS>UsMo d`
AgVo. `m_wio _|Xy KS>Usbm nyaH$ AgUmao Am[U
_|Xy KS>Usbm KmVH$ ZgUmao Ago ~mb[ejUmMo
d$n Z`mZo R>a[dbo OmV Amho.
2. AbsH$So> `j `moJmVyZ Agohs [XgyZ
Ambo Amho H$s `mMo ~mb[ejU ems` nVtZs,

AmZX_` dmVmdaUmV Am[U VmUa[hV Ago hmoVo.

`mMm _|Xy nwT>sb nmV`mdarb AmnMm[aH$
[ejUmgmR>s A[YH$ MmJbm V`ma hmoVmo. `$s`m
nwT>sb gd [ejUmbm nm`m^yV hUyZ ~mb[ejU
_hdmMo _mZbo OmV Amho. Vo gdM ~mbH$mZm
g_mZVoZo [_iUo, ho bmoH$emhses gwgJV Am[U
nwT>sb [nT>m A[YH$ gj_ H$aUmao Ago YmoaU R$
eHo$b.
3. [ejU[df`H$
AWemmVsb
gemoYZmVyZ ~mb[ejUmMs EH$ ^mds Aes ~mOy
H$memV Ambs Amho. ^m[VH$ d$nm`m ^mS>dbs
JwVdUwH$snojm _mZds ^mS>dbmV Pmbobs JwVdUyH$
A[YH$ _mUmV Am[WH$ bm^ XoVo ho nmg
dfmnyduM [g Pmbobo Amho. AmVm, Ago bjmV
Ambo Amho H$s C [ejUmnojm mW[_H$ [ejUmda
Am[U `mhsnojm ~mb{ejUmda Ho$bo`m
JwVdUwH$sda [_iUmam d`{$H$ d gm_m[OH$
d$nmMm Am[WH$ bm^ hm MS> _mUmda AgVmo.
`m gX^mV, AWemmMo Zmo~ob nm[aVmo[fH$ m
Ho$bobo m. hoH$_Z `mMo ~mb[ejUmdarb
JwVdUwH$sMo gemoYZ _m`Vmm Amho.
ems` ~mb[ejUmMo _hd gmJUmao BVahs
AZoH$ KQ>H$ AmhoV. naVw, _bm H$fmZo _hdmMo
dmQ>bobo VsZ KQ>H$ `oWo [Xbo AmhoV. m_w`mZo
`mVyZM ~mb[ejUmMo Zdo em AmVm $n KoD$
bmJbo Amho. `mgX^mV H$mhs JWmMm, `m Z`m
[XeoZo nU di`mgmR>s Amn`mbm Cn`moJ hmoD$
eHo$b. EH$ hUOo, "Qy>g Amh X _mBS>' hm
~mb[ejUm[df`sMm dm`JmoQ>{H$`Z {Q>H$moZ
gmJUmam, 1996Mm JW, EboZm ~momodm d So>~moam
[bAmJ `m bo[IH$m`mMm Amho. Vmo EH$ Zds [Xem
XoVmo. gwPmZ H$modm[bH$ `m A_o[aHo$Vsb EH$
[ejUVk [dXwfs. `mZs ~mb[ejUmMo EH$
[V_mZ Z`mZo ~mYbo Amho. `mbm "B[Q>JoQo>S>
[W_[Q>H$ BQ>eZ (ITI) _mSo>b' Ago [VZo Zmd
[Xbo Amho. `mM ZmdmZo [VZo, Amnbo [V_mZ
g[dVanUo _mS>Umam JW V`ma Ho$bm Amho
(1994). AmVm, ~hw[dY ~w[_mm`m AJmZohs
~mb[ejUmVsb `dhmamMs Zds _mS>Us Ho$bs OmV
Amho. H$modm[bH$m`m [V_mZmV _|Xy gemoYZmMm
AmYma KoVbobm AmhoM; nU dVnUogwm, _|Xy
AmYm[aV [ejUm`m [dMmamda AmYm[aV Aes
~mb[ejUmMs Z`mZo _mS>Us hmoV Amho.
_hmamQ>mVsb "Jm__Jb gWm' `m [XeoZo H$m`aV
Amho.
_hmamQ>mVsb _amR>s emimnwTo> Amn`mV ~Xb
KS>dyZ AmU`mMm Vmd _s Ro>dsV Amho. `mgmR>s

hs gmar JWgnXm [Xem m`bm g_W Amho. _amR>s

emimZs gK[Q>V hmdo, [ejU n[adVZmMo C[Q>
g_moa Ro>dmdo, EH$ `oD$Z [ejH$-gMmbH$mMo
A`mgJQ> [Z_mU H$amdoV, `moJ hmdoV,
[dMmamMs [Z AmMmamMs XodKod hmds; Am[U
`mVyZ [ejU A[YH$ XO}Xma hmdo, [dmWu
A[YH$ gj_, gOJ d g_W hmdoV; Am[U ho gmao
hmo`mgmR>s BQ>aZoQ>darb A_mn dmL>_` Am[U
ZdZdo JW `mMs dmMZnyOm hmoV amhmds, Ago
dmQ>Vo.
Z`m [ejUmgmR>s Zds [Xem XoUmao Zdo
JW
1. The beautiful tree : Indigenous
Indian Education in the eighteenth century,
Dharmpal, other India press, Mapusa
403507, Goa, India. (1983)

2. _hm_m OmoVsamd \w$bo : dmagm Am[U dgm

: ^mH$a b_U ^moio, gmHo$V ~m~m ^mS>, gmHo$V
H$meZ m.[b., 115, _. JmYsZJa, Qo>eZ amoS>,
AmaJm~mX - 431005. (1990)
3. [ejm [~Zm ~moP Ho$ : `enmb, ^maV
gaH$ma, _mZd ggmYZ [dH$mg _mb`, [ejm
[d^mJ, ZB [Xs.
4. aMZmdmXs [ejU : a_oe nmZgo, 1452,
a[ddma noR>, dmB. [O. gmVmam. 412803.
(2010).
5. Piaget's theory of cognitive development : Barry J. Wadsworth, David Mckay
Company, INC. (1971)
6. The psychology of the child: Jeam
Piaget and Barble Inhelder, Basic books,
387, Park Avenue south, New York, NY
10016-8810 (1969).
7. Mind in Society : The development
of Higher psychological processes: L.S.
Vygotsky, Harvard University press
Cambridge, Massachusetts London,
England. (1978)
8. Thought and Language : L.S
Vygotsky, the M.I.T. press, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts. (1962)
9. Human Brain and Human Learning :
Leslie A. Hart, books for educators,
p.o.Box.20525, village of oak creek,
Arizona 86341 (1983)
10. Mind shifts: Geoffrey Caine, Renate

Nummela Caine, Sam Crowell, zephyr

press, p.o.Box 66006, Tucson,AZ,
85728-6006.(1999)

11.

Brain/Mind Learning principles in

action: Renate Nummela Caine,Geoffrey
Caine, Carol McClintic, Karl J.
Klimek, Corwin press, a SAGE company,
2455 teller road, thousand oaks,
California 91320 (2009).
12. Connecting Brain Research with
Effictive Teaching : Mariale M. Hardiman,
Rowman & Little field publishing
group, 4501, forbes boulevard, suite 200,
lanham, Maryland 20706. (2003)
13. How the brain works : Mark Wm.
Dubin, Blackwell publishing, C/o
AIDC,p.o.box 20,50 Winter sports lane,
Williston, vt 05495-0020.(2002)

14. H$Vm-H$a[dVm: AmYw[ZH$ _|XygemoYZ d

Amnbo OsdZ : a_oe nmZgo, am`ls jsagmJa,
A[ZVm
Xoe_wI ~ohoH$a, ^maVs` AW[dkmZd[YZs,
AW~moY, 968/21-22, goZmnVs ~mnQ> _mJ,
aZm _o_mo[a`b hm{nQ>beoOmar, nwUo 411016
(2006)
15. Frames of Mind : The theory and
Multiple Intelligences : P. Howard
Gardner,
Basic books, 387, park avenue south,
New York, NY. 10016-8810. (1993).
16. Multiple Intelligences : Howard
Gardner, Basic books, 387, park avenue
south, New York, NY. 10016-8810.
(1993).
17. Intelligence Reframed : Howard
Gardner, Basic books, 387, park avenue
south, New York, NY. 10016-8810.
(1999).
18. The development and Education of
the mind : Howard Gardner, Routledge,
270, Madison Avenue, New York, NY
10016. (2006)
19. The minds New science : A History
of the cognitive Revolution, Howard
Gardner, Princeton University press.
(1979)
20. The Cognitive Science : An
Interdisciplinary approach : Carolyn P.

Sobel,
Mayfield publishing company, 1280,
villa street, mountain view, California.
94041. (2001)
21. Cognitive Science : An Introduction
: Neil A. Stillings, Steven E. Weisler,
Christopher H. Chase, Mark H.
Feinstein, Jay L. Garfield, Edwina L.
Rissland, Massachusetts Institute of
technology, a Bradford book, the MIT
press, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
London, England. (1995)
22. Foundation of Cognitive Science :
Michael I. Posher, Massachusetts Institute
Of technology, A brad ford book, the
MIT press, Cambridge Massachusetts,
London, England. (1996)

23. H$mog~mS>`m Qo>H$S>sd$Z : AZwVmB dmK,

F$Mm H$meZ, gmoZmoar, 36, MaB, R>mUo.
400601. (2004)
24. dQ>djm`m gmdbsV : [gYwVmB A[~Ho$ :
Jm__Jb, a_s 3/9, `els H$mbZs,
Zdghms, [d>b _[Xam_mJo, H$d}ZJa, nwUo
411052 (2005)
25. emimMo H$m|S>dmSo> ZH$moV, AmZXdmS>m
h`mV : am_ Omoes, [Z[Ib dmJio, Aja
H$meZ, 7-8
nmSx>aJ [~S>tJ, 178, O_eoXOs amoS>, _mhs_,
_w~B 400016 (1998)
26. ~mb[ejU : dn d Zds [Xem : m.
a_oe nmZgo, Xmm` J. nmQo>, S>m`_S>
n{bHo$eZg, 1691,
gXm[ed noR>, JmhH$ noRo>Odi, [Q>iH$amoS>,
nwUo 411030 (2005)
27. Tools of the mind : The Vygotskian
Approach to early childhood education:
Elena Bodrova, Deborah J. Leong,
Prentice-Hall, A simon & Schuster
company,
Englewood cliffs, New
Jersey. 07632 (1996)
28. ITI : The model : Integrated
Thematic Instruction : Sunsan Kovalik,
Graphics & Associates. (1994)

gnH$ : 9881230869
B-ob : panse_r@hotmail.com

OyZ-Owb 2011

65

H$m

`mH$aU Am[U ^mfm`dhma

im`m AmoKmV ^mfm ~XbVo.

g_mOmVsb ^mfoMo WmZ ~XbVo.
^m[fH$ JaOm d ^mfm[ejUmMo
mYm`H$_ ~XbVmV. gm_m[OH$ dmVdm~amo~a
^m[fH$ dmVdhs ~XbV Ag`m_wio ^m[fH$
dmL>_`mMo d$n Va ~XbVoM nU dmMH$dJhs
~XbVmo. ^mfm`mg d A` emm`mg `m`m
g`moJmVyZ AmVa[dmemIs` d$nmMo ^m[fH$
dmL>_`hs AmO`m H$mimV [Z_mU hmoVmZm [XgVo.
`m_wio ^m[fH$ dmL>_`mMm dmMH$dJ [dVmabobm
[XgVmo. dV_mZ ^mfm`dhmambm OmJ[VH$sH$aU d
_m[hVs-VkmZ `m_wio AZoH$ n[a_mUo m
Pm`m_wio AmOMo ^m[fH$ dmL>_` hUOo Ho$di
`mH$aU d ^mfmdkm[ZH$ JW Ago am[hbobo Zmhs.
`mMs `ms IynM [dVmabobs d `m[_l
~Zbobs Amho.
_amR>s `mH$aUmbm gw_mao e^a dfmMs nanam
Amho. `mH$aU hm ^mfoMm EH$H$m[bH$ A`mg
Ag`m_wio [d[eQ> ^mfo`m `mH$aUmMo nwZb}IZ
d nwZ[dMma hs [Z`mMs d dm^m[dH$ ~m~ R>aVo.
`mMo [V[~~ _amR>s `mH$aUm`m eVH$^am`m
dmQ>MmbsV C_Q>bobo [XgVo. _amR>s`m
`mH$aUnanao[df`s H$mhs R>iH$ JmoQ>s bjmV
`oVmV `m Aem:
_amR>s `mH$aUmda gH$V d BJOs `mH$aUmMm
^md am[hbobm Amho. ^mfm[ejUm~amo~a ^mfoMo
_mUsH$aU H$aUo hohs Ama^s`m H$mimVsb
`mH$aUboIZmMo `moOZ [XgVo; Am[U [Vgar
_hdmMs JmoQ> hUOo m nanaoV dV
`mH$aUJW
AmT>iVmV
`m_mUo
`mH$aU[M[H$gm d M[bV `mH$aUmMs g_sjm
H$aUmar nwVHo$hs AmT>iVmV.
`mZm _amR>s `mH$aUmMs hs nanam
g_OyZ `m`Ms Amho `mZs "_hmamQ> ^mfoMo
`mH$aU' (XmXmo~m nmSw> aJ VIS>H$a), "ems`
_amR>s `mH$aU'(_moamo Ho$ed Xm_bo) AmXs _amR>s
`mH$aUJW Va dmMmdoVM nU AmYw[ZH$ H$mimV
_amR>s `mH$aU[dMmamV bjUs` ^a KmbUmao H$U
ls[Zdmg AOwZdmS>H$a mZs _amR>s
`mH$aUaMZoMs d nanaoMs [M[H$gH$ d gmjons
_mS>Us H$aUmam Omo "_amR>s `mH$aUmMm B[Vhmg'
[b[hbm Amho Vmo Ad` dmMmdm.
_amR>s `mH$aUaMZoMm Iam ma^ [d`_
Ho$ar`m A GRAMMAR OF THE MAHARATTA LANGUAGE (1805) m `mH$aUmZo Pmbm

66 OyZ-Owb 2011

Agbm Var _amR>s `mH$aUmMm [df` [ZKVmo Vohm

AmOhs XmXmo~m-Xm_bo `m`m `mH$aUJWmMm
[deof CoI hmoVmo. Xm_bo `mMo "ems` _amR>s
`mH$aU' ho _amR>sMo n[hbo ~hV `mH$aU
Ag`m_wio `mMs MMm hmoUo dm^m[dH$ Amho.
nU, Jo`m eVH$^amV _amR>s_`o doJdoJ`m
H$maUmgmR>s XIb `mds Ago `mH$aU[df`H$
[dnwb boIZ Pmbobo Amho. `mV "_amR>s ^mfoMo
ZdsZ `mH$aU' (H$Uems JmoS>~mobo), "mT>~moY
_amR>s `mH$aU' (am. [^. Omoes), "AmYw[ZH$
_amR>sMo CVa `mH$aU' (_hmXod nmSw>aJ
g~Zsg) AmXtMm CoI H$amdm bmJob.

S>m. H$me na~

`m dmMH$mZm _amR>s `mH$aUmVsb g_`m`m
AZwamoYmZo Pmbo`m boIZmV ag Amho `mZs "_amR>s
`mH$aUmda [Z~Y' (H$Uems [MniyUH$a),
"`mH$aU[df`H$ boI' (am.[^. JwOsH$a),

"_amR>sMo AVaJXeZ' (Jmo[dX H$U _moS>H$),

"_amR>s`m `mH$aUmMm nwZ[dMma' (Aa[dX
_J$iH$a), "_amR>s `mH$aU : dmX Am[U dmX'
(H$U ls[Zdmg AOwZdmS>H$a) hs nwVHo$ Ad`
dmMmds. AbsH$S>`m H$mimV ej[UH$ C[Qo> d
[dmWu-dJ ZOaog_moa Ro>dyZ _amR>s `mH$aUmMm
n[aM` H$$Z XoUmar d H$mhs _mUmV [M[H$gm
H$aUmar nwVHo$hs [b[hbs Jobs AmhoV - [b[hbs
OmV AmhoV. CXmhaUmW, "_amR>sMo `mH$aU'
(bsbm Jmo[dbH$a), "_amR>s `mH$aU [ddoH$'
(_m.Zm. AmMm`) VgoM _mo.am. dmi~o mZs

embo` [dm`mgmR>s Ho$bo`m _amR>s `mH$aU d

ewboIZ[df`H$ boIZmMm CoI _wm_ H$amdm
bmJob.
`mH$aU hm `mnH$ AWmZo ^mfm[dMma Agbm
Var Vmo ^mfm[d[eQ> AgVmo. ^mfoMm gm_m` d
ems` nmVisdarb [dMma hm AWmVM `mnH$
AgVmo. ^mfmdkm[ZH$ A`mg hUyZ Vmo AmoiIbm
OmVmo. BJOs`m VwbZoV _amR>sV ^mfmdkm[ZH$
d$nmMo boIZ A`n Am[U A`m Agbo Var
Jo`m H$mhs dfmV Aem H$maMo boIZ JW$nmV
_amR>s dmMH$mnwTo> `oV Amho. [dmnsR>s` Vamda
_amR>s`m nmR>H$_mV gm[h`m~amo~a ^m[fH$
A`mgmbmhs [_imbobo WmZ ho `mMo EH$ H$maU
hUVm `oBb. Eo[Vhm[gH$, dUZm_H$,
g_mOgmnoj, Cn`mo[OV Aem [d[dY AJmZs
Ho$bobm ^mfm`mg ej[UH$ `moOZmVyZ H$m[eV
hmoV Amho. Aem H$ma`m JWdmMZmZo Amnbs
^mfm[df`H$ g_O Va dmT>VoM [edm`
^mfmOm[Udmhs [dVmam`bm _XV hmoVo.
[ZdS>H$ JWgyMs- _amR>sVsb `mH$aUoVa
^m[fH$ dmL>_`mV Os R>iH$ [df`gyo AmT>iVmV
Vs Aes1._amR>s ^mfoMs {W[VJVs, _amR>snwT>sb
AmhmZo d _amR>sMs Midi; 2. ^mfoMm gm{VH$
A`mg; 3. _amR>s ^mfoMm CX` d [dH$mg; 4.
_mU _amR>sMm d _amR>s`m ~mobtMm A`mg; 5.
^mfmews Am[U _amR>s ewboIZ[dMma; 6.
_amR>sMm bKwjo[d[eQ> dmna-emg[ZH$,
`m`mb`sZ B.; 7. ^mfm``Z d ^mfm`mnZ; 8.
^mfm`dhma[df`H$ [ZarjUo-\w$Q> boIZ, V^
boIZ; 9. ^mfmVa; 10. ^mfm Am[U _m[hVsVkmZ.
_amR>sV
gm[h`g_sjo~amo~a
^m[fH$
dmL>_`mVhs _hdnyU ^a Q>mH$Umao Am[U _amR>sbm
AmYw[ZH$ ^mfmdkm[ZH$ gH$nZmMm n[aM` H$$Z
XoUmao n[hbo Zmd g_moa `oVo Vo S>m. AemoH$ Ho$iH$a
`mMo. `mZs [b[hbobs "dIar' Am[U "_`_m' hs
nwVHo$ `m`m ^mfm[df`H$ boImMs gH$bZo
Agbs Var ^mfo[df`s __Q>s XoUmar AmhoV.
^mfm[dkmZmMo A`mgH$M Zho, Va gdgm_m`
dmMH$mZshs Vs AmdOyZ dmMmds Aes AmhoV.
Zm.Jmo. H$mbobH$a `mMs "^mfm Am[U gH$Vs',
"^mfm: B[Vhmg Am[U ^yJmob', "d[Z[dMma' hs
nwVHo$ AmO n[a^mfo`m d gH$nZm`m nmVisda
OwZs dmQ>V Agbs Var EHo$H$mis _amR>sV ^m[fH$

1 _hmamQ> ^mfoMo `mH$aU

- XmXmo~m nmSw>aJ VIS>H$a
2 _amR>s `mH$aUmda [Z~Y
- H$Uems [MniyUH$a
3 am_M [^H$mOs JwOsH$a `mMo gH$[bV boI - am.[^. JwOsH$a
4 ems` _amR>s `mH$aU
- _moamo Ho$ed Xm_bo
5 AmYw[ZH$ _amR>sMo CVa `mH$aU
- _hmXod nmSw>aJ g~Zsg
6 nm[UZs` `mH$aU Am[U ^mfm-VdkmZ - dm_Zems ^mJdV
7 _amR>s`m `mH$aUmMm nwZ[dMma
- Aa[dX _J$iH$a
8 _amR>s `mH$aU : dmX Am[U dmX
- H$U ls[Zdmg AOwZdmS>H$a
9 _amR>s `mH$aUmMm B[Vhmg
- H$U ls[Zdmg AOwZdmS>H$a
10 `wamo[n`ZmMm _amR>sMm A`mg d godm - ls._. [nJo
11 ^mfm Am[U gH$Vs
- Zm.Jmo. H$mbobH$a
12 ^mfm[dMma Am[U _amR>s ^mfm
- J.~. Jm_monm`o
13 dIar
- AemoH$ Ho$iH$a
dmL>_`mMs nmoH$is ^$Z H$mT>`mMo Eo[Vhm[gH$
H$m_ `mZs Ho$bo Amho.
AbsH$S>`m H$mimV [dmnsR>s` JaOoVyZ
AmYw[ZH$ ^mfm[dkmZmMm Z`m n[a^mfogh n[aM`
H$$Z XoUmar AZoH$ nwVHo$ _amR>sV CnbY Pmbs
AmhoV. `mnH$s H$mhs nwVHo$ gnm[XV AmhoV. CXm.
_mbeo-BZm_Xma-gmo_U [H$dm H$mio-gmo_U `mZs
gnm[XV Ho$bobs AZwH$_o "^mfm[dkmZ- dUZm_H$
d Eo[Vhm[gH$, "AmYw[ZH$ ^mfm[dkmZ' hs nwVHo$.
"AmYw[ZH$ ^mfm[dkmZ- [gmV d Cn`moOZ'
(S>m.[_[bX _mbeo) m nwVH$mVyZ ^mfm`mgm`m
AmYw[ZH$ gH$nZm d emImonemIm `mMm MmJbm
n[aM` hmoVmo. _amR>s ^mfoMs Cnms, [VMm [dH$mg
`m[df`s _amR>sV ~arM nwVHo$ AmhoV. CXm.
"_amR>s ^mfm CXJ_ Am[U [dH$mg'- H$.nm.
Hw$bH$Uu, "`mXdH$mbsZ _amR>s ^mfm'- e.Jmo.
Vwinwio, "^mfm[dMma Am[U _amR>s ^mfm' - J.~.
Jm_monm`o, "_amR>s ^mfoMo _yi' - [ddZmW Iao,
"_amR>s ^mfoMm B[Vhmg' - J.Zm. OmoJioH$a.
^mfmews d ewboIZ ho [df` _amR>sV gVV
MM}V am[hbobo AmhoV. ^mfmews`m gX^mV dm.
gmdaH$a (_amR>s ^mfoMo ewsH$aU) d _mYdamd
nQ>dYZ (^mfmewr-[ddoH$) hs Zmdo gdm`m
n[aM`mMs AmhoV. _amR>s`m ewboIZmbm gw_mao
e^a dfmMm B[Vhmg Amho. m [df`mda
nwVH$$nmV [OVH$s MMm CnbY Amho `m`m
[H$VsVar nQ>sZo Vs g^m-g_obZmVyZ d
[Z`VH$m[bH$mVyZ Pmbobs Amho. m[df`mMs
_m[hVs H$$Z Ko`mgmR>s - "_amR>sMo ewboIZ'
(dgV XmdVa), "ewboIZ-[ddoH$' (X.Z.
JmoIbo) hs nwVHo$ Ad` dmMm`bm hdsV.
_mU^mfm hUyZ _amR>sMs OS>UKS>U H$es Pmbs
ho g_OyZ Ko`mgmR>s "`wamo[n`ZmMm _amR>sMm
A`mg d godm' (ls._. [nJo), "_amR>s`m _mU

14 _`_m
- AemoH$ Ho$iH$a
15 _amR>s Xs[nH$m
- [d.[^. H$mobVo
16 _amR>s ^mfm : dmT> Am[U [~KmS>
- ls.Ho$. jsagmJa
17 _amR>s ^mfoMm B[Vhmg
- J.Zm. OmoJioH$a
18 _amR>s ^mfoMo _yi
- [ddZmW Iao
19 dr
- [XZoe _mhwbH$a
20 XIZs ^mfm
- ls.a. Hw$bH$Uu
21 _amR>sMo [ejU
- dgV XmdVa
22 ewboIZ-[ddoH$
- X.Z. JmoIbo
23 AmYw[ZH$ ^mfm[dkmZ : [gmV d Cn`moOZ - [_[bX _mbeo
24 PmS>s ~mobs - ^mfm Am[U A`mg - h[aM ~moaH$a
25 ~ob^mfm
- gw_Z ~obdbH$a

^mfoMo d$n' (gwhm[gZs b) hs nwVHo$ dmMVm

`oVsb. "emg[ZH$ _amR>s ^mfoMm [dH$mg' (JsVm
^mJdV), "`m`mb`sZ `dhma Am[U _amR>s
^mfm' (`edVamd MhmU [VR>mZ-JWmbs) hs
nwVHo$ [d[eQ> `dhmajomVsb _amR>s`m dmnamda H$me Q>mH$VmV. AmOH$mb ^mfmVambm Iyn
_hd [Xbo OmVo. ^mfmVam`m Vm{dH$ MM}bm
dm[hbobs AZoH$ nwVHo$ _amR>sV AmhoV. CXm.
"^mfmVa_s_mgm' (gnm. H$mio-gmo_U), "^mfmVa
em H$s H$bm' (_.[d. \$mQ>H$, aOZs R>H$ma).
`mZm _amR>s`m mXo[eH$ ~mobt_`o ag Amho
`m`mgmR>s _amR>s`m [d[dY ~mobtMo A`mg
nwVH$$nmV CnbY AmhoV. "dhmS>s bmoH$^mfm
- ^mfmems` A`mg' ([V_m BJmobo), "PmS>s
~mobs - ^mfm Am[U A`mg' (h[aM ~moaH$a)
hs H$mhs CXmhaUo. gw_Z ~obdbH$a (~ob^mfm),
A[dZme [~[Zdmbo (^mfm-Amnbs gdmMsM,
^mfmH$maU) `mZs ^mfm`dhmamMm _m[_H$ doY
KoUmao \w$Q> boIZ, V^ boIZ Ho$bo Vo
nwVH$$nmVhs CnbY Amho. _amR>s ^mfoMs
{W[VJVs, [V`mnwT>sb AmhmZo hm _amR>s
^mfmo_tMm, A`mgH$mMm gVV [MVoMm d
[MVZmMm [df` am[hbobm Amho. [Z`VH$m[bH$mVyZ
m [df`mda MS> boIZ PmboM; nU, `mnH$s
H$mhs nwVH$$nmVhs Amn`mbm dmMm`bm [_iVo.
"_amR>s Xs[nH$m' ([d.[^. H$mobVo), "_amR>s ^mfm :
dmT> Am[U [~KmS' (ls.Ho$. jsagmJa), "_amR>sMo
^[dV`' (gnm. A[dZme AmdbJmdH$a,
_Um[bZs ehm), "_WZ' (_hmamQ> emgZ) hs
H$mhs R>iH$ CXmhaUo.
AJXs AbsH$So>, _amR>s ^mfo`m gdYZmbm
dm[hbo`m "_amR>s A`mg H|$' m d`gods
gWoZo H$m[eV Ho$bo`m H$mhs nw{VH$mVyZ _amR>s
^mfonwT>sb {W[VJVsMm d {V`mnwT>sb

AmhmZmMm Midis`m AJmZo nU dVw[ZR>nUo

doY KoVbobm [XgVmo. dV_mZ _amR>s ^mfonwT>sb
AmhmZo Am[U `mgX^mV H$am`Ms Cnm``moOZm
g_OyZ Ko`mgmR>s nwT>sb nw{VH$m dmMm`bm h`mV
- "_amR>sMm OmhsaZm_m', "`w[ZH$moS> d gJUH$mda
_amR>sMm dmna', "bT>m _amR>s emimMm',
"_amR>s`m C [ejUmMs Xem Am[U [Xem',
"`m`m`m VsjoV _amR>s'. emgZmVsb _amR>s
^mfoMm dmna, gaH$mar _amR>s `mda AZoH$Xm Q>sH$m
hmoV Agbs Var nm[a^m[fH$ _amR>s, emg[ZH$
boIZ Am[U Img A_amR>s ^mfH$mgmR>s _amR>s `m
[df`mV am` emgZm`m ^mfm gMmbZmb`mZo d
am` _amR>s [dH$mg gWoZo Oo nm`m^yV d$nmMo
H$m` Ho$bo Amho Vo egZs` Amho. emg[ZH$
boIZ, amO^mfm n[aM` m nwVH$m~amo~a [d[dY
n[a^mfmH$moem`m, [deofV : "nXZm_ H$moe' d
"emgZ `dhma H$moe' `m`m VmdZm dmM`m
AgVm emg[ZH$ _amR>s`m OS>UKS>UsgmR>s am`
emgZmZo Ho$bo`m `ZmMs H$nZm `oVo. gm[h`
_hm_S>imZo V`ma Ho$bo`m ewboIZmbm emgZ
[ZU` nm[aV H$$Z _m`Vm [X`mZVa `mMm gma
hmdm Am[U `dhmamV boIZmMo m_m` Onbo
Omdo hUyZ Zm__m XamV ewboIZm`m nw{VH$m
CnbY H$$Z Xo`mV W_ emgZmZoM nwT>mH$ma
KoVbm. OmVm OmVm, "^mfm Am[U OsdZ'
_amR>s A`mg n[afX, nwUo m ^mfm`dhmambm
dm[hbo`m _m[gH$mMm CoI H$am`bm hdm.
AmOda [g Pmbo`m AZoH$ AH$mVyZ m
[Z`VH$m[bH$mZo _amR>sVsb ^mfm[dMmamMo
^aUnmofU Ho$bobo Amho. Jm[WH$ boIZmBVHo$M
`mMohs _hd Amho. _amR>s A`mg n[afX, nwUo.
gnH$ : 9892816240
B-ob : parabprakash8@gmail.com

OyZ-Owb 2011

67

Aja-H$ndjmMm ~ha
m

T> [ejU [H$dm mT> gmjaVm hm [df`

gdgmYmaU gw[e[jV _mUgm`m
AmdS>sMm [H$dm [Ohm`mMm \$magm
H$Yshs ZhVm. [ZajaVo_wio `oUm`m AS>MUs
AWdm hmoUmar Hw$M~Um `mMm `mZm dV:bm
H$YsM gm_Zm H$amdm bmJbm Zmhs. `m_wio mT>
gmjaVoMs Amg [H$dm AmM ~hwg` gw[e[jVmZm
OmUdbsM Zmhs. `m H$maUmZo `m [df`mg~YmV
H$mhs dmL>_`[Z[_Vs hmoUo Ae`m` hmooVo ho CKS>
Amho.
^maVm_`o [Zaja mT>m`m [ejUmMs W_
XIb KoVbs Jobs Vs [~[Q>e gaH$maZo Zo_bo`m
1882-83 `m hQ>a Am`moJmZo. [Zaja mT>mgmR>s
hQ>a Am`moJmZo amemimMs [e\$mag Ho$bs. `m
[e\$maesZwgma H$mhs _mUmV amemim gw$
Pm`m. `mMo H$m` 10 dfmn`V ~`mnH$s Mmby
am[hbo. nU, `mZVa AZoH$ AS>MUt_wio
amemimMs bmoH$[`Vm gnwQ>mV Ambs.
^maVmVsb mT> gmjaVoMo AmXmobZ I`m
AWmZo _hm_m JmYtZs gw$ Ho$bo. dmV`bT>mV
gdgm_m` OZVoMm ^mds gh^mJ
[_i[d`mgmR>s gmjaVoMs A`V JaO Amho, ho
`mZs AmoiIbo Am[U `m`m oaUZo
dmV`bTmMm EH$ ^mJ hUyZM gmjaVoMo dJ
gw$ Pmbo. _hm_mOtZs gmjaVo`m Midis~m~V
~aoMgo \w$Q>boIZ Ho$bo. naVw, mT> gmjaVoMo
VdkmZ dm d$n [deX H$aUmao JWboIZ Ho$bo
Zmhs.
"mT> [ejU dmL>_`' `m [df`mMm [dMma
H$aVmZm `mMo VsZ ^mJ H$amdoV Ago dmQ>Vo:
1. mT>gmjaVoMo VdkmZ d d$n [deX
H$aUmao dmL>_`.
2. [Zaja mT>mZm gmjaVm [eH$d`mgmR>s
V`ma Ho$bobo dmL>_`.
3. gmjaVoMo A``Z nyU H$$Z Zdgmja
Pmbo`m mT>mgmR>s V`ma Ho$bobo dmMZ gm[h`.
`mnH$s ^mJ 1_`o _moOHo$M gm[h`
CnbY Amho. _m, ^mJ 2 d ^mJ 3_`o [Z_mU
Pmbobo gm[h` [dnwb Am[U [d[dYVmnyU Amho.
`m VsZhs ^mJmMm EH$-EH$ H$$Z AmT>mdm KoD$
`m.
mT>gmjaVoMo VdkmZ d d$n
[deX H$aUmao gm[h`
1. hQ>a Ahdmb-1882-83 `m AhdmbmMo
d$n d _hd `mAmYsM Z_yX Ho$bobo Amho.

68 OyZ-Owb 2011

2. [ejU Am`moJmMm Ahdmb 1964-66

[ejUVk S>m. S>s.Eg. H$moR>mar `m`m
A`jVoImbs Zo_bo`m Am`moJmMm hm Ahdmb
^maVs` [ejU jomgmR>s nm`m^yV _mZbm OmVmo.
`m AhdmbmZo [ejUjom`m [d[dY AJmMm
gdH$f nam_e KoVbm Amho. mT> [ejU `m
[df`mgmR>s 18 nmZo Xo`mV Ambs AmhoV. (422
Vo 439) `m_`o mT>[ejUmMs gH$nZm, d$n
d JaO `mMs _m[bH$ _s_mgm H$a`mV Ambs
Amho. Z_w`mgmR>s EH$ N>moQ>m CVmam Imbs XoV
Amho:"AmYw[ZH$ OsdZmMs {WVs [ZajamZm [ZH$Q>
OsdZ OJUo ^mJ nmS>Vo. C[MV Am[WH$ [_iH$VsMo
_mJ `mbm \$mago CnbY ZgVmV. A[e[jV
_mUyg hm IamoIa dV ZmJ[aH$ Zmhs. gmd[H$
d$nmVsb [ZajaVm Am[WH$ d gm_m[OH$ JVs

S>m. _wabsYa JmoSo>

[ejUmMo VdkmZ `m [df`mMm m`mnH$

Agbo`m nmdbmo \o$AarMo ho nwVH$ hUOo
[ejUjomVsb dMm[aH$ _dminUmda Q>mH$bobs
EH$ H$m[VH$maH$ [R>UJsM Amho.
"emo[fVmMo [ejUem' ho EH$ Ago gmYZ Amho
H$s `m_wio emo[fV Am[U emofH$ ho XmoKohs
A_mZdsH$aUmMoM Am[dH$ma AmhoV, `mMm
[ZUm`H$ gmjmH$ma emo[fVmZm hmoVmo. hs
[ejUnVs Aes Amho H$s Os emo[fVm`m
_mUygnUmMo nwZOsdZ H$a`m`m AWH$
bT>mMm A[d^m` KQ>H$ ~ZVo. hs [ejUnVs
emofU d `mMs H$maUo `m ~m~tda emo[fV `$tZm
[MVZ H$am`bm bmdVo. `m [MVZmVyZM `m`m
_w$s`m gKfmV `mMm Amd`H$ Vmo gh^mJ
KSy>Z `oBb. hm gKf gVV Zds Zds $no YmaU
H$arV amhsb.'
"_w$s [_id`m`m H$m_[JargmR>s Cn`moJmV
AmUm`Ms AMyH$ H$m[VH$mar nV hUOo gdmX.
AmnU Amn`m _w$sgmR>s bT>bo nm[hOo, Agm
R>m_ [ddmg emo[fVm`m _ZmV H$m{VH$mar
ZoVdm_wio Zho, Va `m`mV Pmbo`m
Am_OmJVs_wio [Z_mU hmoVmo. gdmXm[dZm
[dMmamMs XodKod Zmhs d [dMmam`m
XodKods[edm` Iao [ejU e`M Zmhs.'
Va Ago hmoVo nmdbmo Ho$AarMo Ia [dMma. `m
[dMmamZs [ejUjomV EH$ Zdm bT>mD$ {Q>H$moZ
Odbm.
4. Cultural Action For Freedom-Paulo
Freire

ho nwVH$ [ejUemm`m d [deofV: mT>

[ejUm`m Q>rZo MS> Amho. [Zaja mT>mZm
gmjaVm Xo`mMm EH$ AmJimdoJim \$S>m `mZo
gmXa Ho$bm. "_yH$gH$Vs' hs Zds gH$nZm _mSy>Z
Jar~ d emo[fV [ZajamZs gdM ~m~VsV H$go _mZ
dsH$mabo Amho, ho `mZo XmIdyZ [Xbo. `mVyZ `mZm
~mhoa H$mT>Uo hUOo _yH$ gH$Vs VmoS>Uo. `m
nmd^y_sda \o$Aar Ago hUVmo H$s, gmjaVm
hUOo eX, Ajao, dm`o `mMs [bImnT>s Zho,
Va dV:`m XwadWoVyZ _w$s [_i[d`mgmR>s
^mfoMo h`ma dmna`mMo H$me` hmo`.
amoIVo, Am[WH$ CnmXZj_VoMs, bmoH$g`m
nmdbmo \o$Aar`m VoOds [dMmagaUs~m~V
[Z`UmMs, amQ>s` EH$m_VoMs, gwajoMs d [bhmdo VodTo> WmoSo>M Amho. [OkmgyZs hs Xmohs
dN>VoMs hmZs H$aVo.'
nwVHo$ _wimV dmMm`bm hdsV.
3. Pedagogy Of the oppressed-Paulo
5. Some Perspective of Non-Formal
Friere

Education - J.P. Naik

AmVaamQ>s` `mVsMo [ejUVk Agbo`m

ls. Oo.ns. ZmBH$ `mZs `m nwVH$mV AZmnMm[aH$
[ejUmMs gH$nZm [deX Ho$bs Amho. AmnMm[aH$
AZmnMm[aH$ [ejUmVsb \$aH$ nQ> Ho$bm Amho.
Amn`m XoemMs MS> bmoH$g`m d VwQ>nwOs
ggmYZo bjmV KoVm AZmnMm[aH$ [ejUm`m
H$doV gdmZm gm_mdyZ KoUo Ae` Amho. `m_wio
emio~mhoa Agbo`m _wbmgmR>s AZmnMm[aH$
[ejUmMs gw[dYm VgoM [Zaja mT>mgmR>s mT>
gmjaVoMs gmo` CnbY H$am`bm hds.
VgoM [ejUm`m n[aKmV `oD$ Z eH$Um`m
_wbmZm [ejUm`m dmhmV AmUUo A`V
_hdmMo Amho.
(II) [Zaja mT>mZm gmjaVm [eH$d`mgmR>s
V`ma Ho$bobo dmL>_`.
1. `m H$mamV n[hbo CnbY Agbobo
ma[^H$ nwVH$ hUOo H$.J. gh~wo `m
mW[_H$ [ejH$mZs V`ma Ho$bobo 1935 gmbMo
"mT>gmja' ho nwVH$. `m_`o n[a[MV dVyMs
[Mo XoD$Z `mMo Zm_XeH$ eX nwTo> [Xbo AmhoV.
Mma eXmMm EH$, `mH$mao nmM JQ> V`ma H$$Z
`m_`o "A' Vo "k'n`V AjamMs _m[hVs H$$Z
[Xbs Amho. `mZVa eXmMm Cn`moJ H$$Z dm`ohs
~Zdbs AmhoV.
2. `mZVa 1939 gmbs nwT>sb nwVHo$ [g
Pmbs. A) bmoH$[ejU_mbm nwVH$ n[hbo-dm.am.
Hw$bH$Uu; ~) mT> gmjaVm gma_mbm-XodHw$io d
[eXo; H$) gKQ>H$ [ejH$-AjaAmoiI-e.am.
^mJdV. `m VsZhs nwVH$mV Ajao [eH$d`mgmR>s
eX nVsMm Cn`moJ Ho$bm Amho.
3. 1942 gmbs _s d XodHw$io `m
boIH$`tZs [b[hbobs g_mO [ejU gma_mbm
^mJ 1 d 2 hs ma[^H$ nwVHo$ A`V d[eQnyU
AmhoV. n[h`m ^mJmV _wimjao d ds AgyZ, hm
A`mgH$_ gmYmaU Mma _[h`mMm Amho. Xwg`m
^mJmV Vm|S>s [hemo~, ~oarO, dOm~mH$s, aOH$
JmUs, _VXmZ, Amamo` B.Mm g_mdoe Amho.
n[h`m ^mJmVsb n[h`m YS>mVsb,
JO|_mojm`m _Zmoha H$WoMo H$WZ H$arV H$arV
H$_i, _i, _mi, _mim, H$i, H$mi, H$mim Ago
eX [eH$d`mMs A\$bmVyZ H$nZm `mV Amho.
~mH$sMs dU_mbmhs AesM JmoQ>s-Jm`mVyZ gmXa
Ho$bs Amho. mT>[ejUmgmR>s hs Xmohs nwVHo$ Iyn
bmoH$[` R>abs. `m`m dsgnojmhs OmV
Amd`m [ZKm`m.
4) 1961_`o _hmamQ>mV A^yVnyd Aes
Jm_[ejU _mohs_ gw$ Pmbs. `m _mo[h_ogmR>s
lsd^ d Xmmo` AdMQ> `mZs V`ma Ho$bobo

Jm_[ejU dmMZnmR> ho ma[^H$ nwVH$ 1962

gmbs H$m[eV Pmbo.
ej[UH$Q>m _hdmMo hUOo AJXs
gwdmVsnmgyZ Ho$hmhs mT> gmjaVo`m ma[^H$
nwVH$m_`o "ls JUoem' [H$dm "J_^Z' Aem
_wimja nVsMm Adb~ Ho$bobm Zmhs. mT>mgmR>s
gwgJV Aem eXnVsMmM dmna Ho$bm Amho.
5) 1978 gmb ho ^maVm`m mT>[ejUm`m
B[VhmgmV _bmMm XJS> R>amdo Ago Amho. H$maU,
`m dfu amQ>s` mT>[ejU H$m`H$_ gw$ Pmbm.
nyUV: Xoe`mns nmVisda gw$ Ho$bobm Amn`m
XoemVsb hm n[hbmM mT> [ejU H$m`H$_. Xwgao
hUOo Ho$di gmjaVm ho H$m`H$_mMo C[Q> Z
Ro>dVm gmjaVo`m ~amo~arZo OmUsd OmJVs d
H$m`m_H$Vm ho XmoZ KQ>H$ OmoS>`mV Ambo. AmYs
CoI Ho$bo`m nmdbmo \o$Aar`m [dMmamMmM hm
^md hmoVm.
"OmUsd OmJVs'_`o [Zaja mT>mZs Amn`m
OsdZg_`mMs _m[hVs H$$Z `mds, `mda gd
AJmZs MMm H$amds Am[U g_`m gmoS>dUwH$sgmR>s
`{$JV AWdm gm[KH$ nmVisda dV: `Z
H$a`mg [g hmdo hs Anojm hmoVs. Va
"H$m`m_H$Vm' hUOo d`{$H$ OsdZmV [H$dm
AmnU H$aV Agbo`m `dgm`mV Amd`H$
H$me`o m H$$Z gj_Vm XmI[dUo Aem VhoZo
mT>gmjaVm hUOo OsdZ n[adVZmMo gmYZ hUyZ
J[a~m`m OsdZmMo A[d^m` KQ>H$ ~Zbo.
mT> [ejUmMm {Q>H$moZM ~Xb`mZo Vo
[eH$dUm`m gm[h`mMo $nhs Am_ybmJ ~XbUo
An[ahm` hmoVo. nmR>mMo [df` g_`mes [ZJ{S>V
~Zbo. CXm. H$m_, H$_mB, g\$mB, PmonS>n>s,
~m`H$mMo nyaH$ CmoJ, Xm$Mm mg, ~oH$mar B.
`m ma[^H$ gm[h`mMm [MH$mahs AmVm Ho$di
gOmdQ>H$ma ZhVm, Va Vmo oaH$ [MmMm [MH$ma
hmoVm. oaH$ [M hUOo Ago [M H$s Oo
[Zajam`m OsdZmes g~[YV Agob d Vo
nm[h`mda `mZm ~mobmdogo dmQo>b. CXm. nS>`m
PmonS>sV \$mQ>`mVwQ>`m bwJS>mV Mwbsnmes
^mH$`m ^mOVm ^mOVm Cm`m [MVoV JT>bobs
~mB, Xm$`m ZeoV ~m`H$m nmoamZm ~S>dUmam [H$dm
JQ>mamV bmoiUmam _mUyg, PmonS>sMs S>mJSw>Os
H$aUmam _mUyg B.
B[S>`Z B{Q>QyQ> Am\$ E`wHo$eZ, nwUo `m`m
am` gmYZ H|$mZo V`ma Ho$bobo ma[^H$ nwVH$
d[eQnyU Amho. `m_`o Jar~ OZVo`m g_`m
_mS>`m AmhoVM. [edm` ho Z gmoS>[d`mgmR>s
AmnU H$m` H$$ eH$Vmo, `mMmhs [dMma mT>m`m
_ZmV `mdm Aes dm`mMs aMZm Amho. AZoH$

nmR>mMm eodQ> ZmWH$ dm`mZo Ho$bm Amho. hoVy hm

H$s nmR> gnVmZm `m`m [dMma[H$`obm MmbZm
[_imds.
6. nmdbmo \o$Aar`mM [ejUUmbsda
AmYm[aV _w~B eha g_mO [ejU g[_VsZo
kmZXsn do[eH$m ^mJ 1 d 2 hs nwVHo$ V`ma
Ho$bs. `mMm b`JQ> ehar [Zaja hm hmoVm.
_m, _w~B eha g_mO [ejU g[_VsZo EH$
nmD$b gdm`mhs nwTo> Q>mH$bo. kmZXsn do[eH$m
^mJ 1_Ysb 60 nmR> _w~B XyaXeZd$Z
ZmQ$nmZo gmXa Ho$bo. `m XyaXeZ H$m`H$_mMo Zmd
hmoVo "kmZXsn'. hm H$m`H$_ BVH$m bmoH$[` Pmbm
H$s Vmo XyaXeZMm EH$ H$m`H$_ hUyZ nwTo> AZoH$
df} Mmby am[hbm.
Zdgmja Pmbo`m mT>mgmR>s
V`ma Ho$bobo dmMZgm[h`
ZdgmjaVm hUOo mT>gmjaVo`m H$m`H$_mVyZ
Z`mZo boIZ-dmMZmMo H$me` m Ho$bobs
`$s. Z`mZo m Ho$bobo ho H$me` _O~yV d
[Q>H$mD$ ~Zd`mgmR>s ZdgmjamZm ^anya dmMZ
gm[h` Xo`mMs JaO AgVo. A`Wm WmoSmM
H$mimV Vo nwhm [Zaja ~ZVmV Agm AZw^d Amho.
_m, ZdgmjamgmR>s dmMZ gm[h`
OmUsdnydH$ doJio V`ma H$amdo bmJVo. Zdgmja ho
AZoH$ dfmnmgyZ OsdZ OJV Agbobo,
OsdZ`dhma H$aUmao nyU `{$_d AgVmV.
`mMo dV:Mo AZw^d, g_OwVs, Amem-AmH$mjm
AgVmV. `m gm`mMo [V[~~ Zdgmja dmL>_`mV
AgUo Amd`H$ AgVo.
Zdgmja mT>mZm H$Wm A[YH$ AmdS>VmV ho
`mZmV KoD$Z AJXs 1940`m XeH$mVhs Ho$ed
[^H$mOs T>dio, OJVmn H$maio, [MaOsd, AZmW
[dmWuJh Aem _mV~a H$meH$mZs H$Wm`m
nwVH$mMs Cm_ [Z[_Vs Ho$bs.
Zdgmja gm[h` [e[~a : _hmamQ> emgZmZo
1955-56 gmbmV ^moa `oWo KoVbo`m [e[~amMm
AmdOyZ CoI H$am`bm hdm. `m [e[~amV Zm_dV
m`mnH$, boIH$ gh^mJs Pmbo hmoVo. `mZs
Zdgmja mT>m`m eXgnmsMo gd}jU H$$Z
H$mhs AmS>mIo ~gdbo d `mZwgma nwVH$mMs
[Z[_Vs Ho$bs. `m [e[~am`m [Z[_mmZo W_M
Zdgmja gm[h` [Z[_Vsbm H$mhs ems`
gemoYZmMs OmoS> Xo`mV Ambs. gemoYZm`m
AmYmao Zdgmjam`m Hw$dVsZwgma `m`m VsZ
loUs H${n`mV Am`m. n[hbs loUs, Xwgar loUs
d [Vgar loUs Am[U _OoMm ^mJ hUOo AmVm 50
df} CbQ>`mZVahs amQ>s` gmjaVm [_eZZo
Zdgmja gm[h`m~m~V`m _mJXeH$ gyMZm_`o

OyZ-Owb 2011

69

"g_mO [ejU_mbm' hs nwUo `oWo

ls.H$.^m.~m~a `mZs 1950 gmb`m Xg-`mbm
gw Ho$bs. _mboMo n[hbo H$meZ hmoVo ls.~m~a
`mZsM [b[hbobo "Xgam-[Xdmis' ho nwVH$ XwaJs
[Mm`m gwXa _wInR>mZo ZQ>bobo d JoQ> m`_a
bH$ Q>mBn_`o _OHy$a gmH$maUmao H$mD$Z
gmBO_Ybo ho 32 nmZs nwVH$ 20 AmQ>mo~a
1950 bm H$m[eV Pmbo. g_mO [ejU _mbm
gw H$aVmZm ls.~m~a `m`m _ZmV gmYs H$nZm
Aes hmoVs H$s g_mOmV`m gdgmYmaU bmoH$mZm
dmMZmMs JmoS>s bmJmds. JWmes `mMs _s hmds
d `m`moJo `mMm ~m{XH$ [dH$mg hmoD$Z kmZmMs
Zds Zds H$dmSo> CKS>V Jo`m_wio `mMo OsdZ
gdmJmZs g_X hmdo.
IoS>monmS>s bmoH$ gmja hmoVmV Vo ZmdmnwaVo. nwhm
XZ[XZ mn[MH$ aJmS>`mV AmnU H$Ys H$mis
H$mhs [eH$bmo hmoVmo. hohs `mZm AmR>dV Zmhs.
AmnU Oo kmZ m Ho$bo Vo [dg$Z Om`mgmR>s
Zho Va `mMo MsO hmdo, `mbm gVV COmim

AemM VsZ loUtMm AV^md Ho$bm Amho.

[Z`VH$m[bHo$ : mT>[ejU jomV
[Z`VH$m[bH$mMs hOoar bjUs` Amho.
1. Adult Education and DevelopmentPublisher: DVV Inter-national Ronald
Schwartz, Germany.
2.Indian Adult Education Journal-Indian
Adult Education Association, New Dellhi.

3.gdm[XZs-am` gmYZ H|$, B{S>`Z B{Q>QyQ>

Am\$ E`w., nwUo.
4.bmoH$[ejU/nwT>Mo nmD$b-am` mT> [ejU
gWm, AmaJm~mX.
5.gmjaVmXsn-_w~B eha g_mO [ejU g[_Vs,
_w~B.
Zdgmja gm[h`mMs [Z[_Vs
1. 1960`m XeH$m_`o ^maV gaH$maZo
Xoe^amV Zdgmja gm[h` nYm gw$ Ho$bs. gd
^maVs` ^mfm_YyZ nwVHo$ [b[h`mMo AmdmhZ Ho$bo
Jobo. `oH$ ^mfoVsb CH$Q> nwVH$mZm nm[aVmo[fH$
XoD$ Ho$bo hmoVo. `m nY}_wio Zdgmja dmL>_`
boIZmbm MmJbs MmbZm [_imbs Am[U Iyn
dmL>_` [Z[_Vs Pmbs. Odi Odi 30-35 df}
nYm Mmby am[hbs.
am` gmYZ H|$o : 1978`m amQ>s` mT> [ejU
H$m`H$_mVJV XoemV gd am`mV am` gmYZ H|$o
WmnZ H$a`mV Ambs. `m H|$mMs _wI O~m~Xmar

70 OyZ-Owb 2011

g_mO [ejU _mbm

(Zdgmja gm[h`m`m H$R>mVsb aZ_mbm)
mdm, `mV ^a KmVbs Omds Agm ~moY `mZm
gmjamZm m`Mm hmoVm. `m Q>sZo Zdgmja IoSy>V
AJa H$m_Jmam`m [H$dm [dm`m`mhs Cn`moJs
nS>mds hUyZ `mZs _mbm gw Ho$bs. n[hbo nwVH$
20 VmaIobm [gX Pmbo. `mZVa`m `oH$
_[h`mMo nwVH$ 20 VmaIobmM H$m[eV
H$a`mMm Zo_ H$Q>mjmZo nmi`mV `oV Ago.
ls.~m~a `m`m gw[d Am[U Zm_dV bo[IH$m
Agbo`m H$`m S>m.gamo[OZs ~m~a _mbo`m
gnmXH$nXmMs Ywam g_WnUo dmhV hmo`m.
S>m.gamo[OZs~mBZs [b[hbobo AZw^d d
_mbo~Mo [dMma _Zmok AmhoV :
"_mboMs dm[fH$ dJUs `mdois gmSo>VsZ n`o
hmoVs. bmoH$mMm [VgmX MmJbm hmoVm. Amhmbm
Iar IQ>nQ> H$amds bmJbs, Vs Amhmbm nm[hOo

Agbo`m gmo`m ^mfoVsb boIZ [_id`mgmR>s.

boIZ ghm` H$a`mg ~arM _S>is V`ma hmoVs.
nU `mZm gmono [b[hUo O_V Zgo.'
"Ago hUVmV H$s EdT>`m gmV`mZo d
[Z`[_VnUmZo g_mO [ejU _mboIoarO g_mO
[ejU jomV A` Xwgar VmoS> gmnS>V Zmhs! hs
JmoQ> H$Xm[MV Iar Agobhs nU Vgo Agob Va
Ho$dTo> ^m` hUmdo Am_Mo! '
1950 Vo 1996 Aes 46 df} g_mO [ejU
_mbm AIS> Mmbbs. ZddmMH$m`m OsdZmV
[VZo ^anya dmMZmZX nwadbm. EHy$U 550 nwVHo$
_mbo_m\$V H$m[eV Pmbs. Odi Odi 175
boIH$mMm `mV gh^mJ hmoVm. nwVH$mV
hmVmibo`m [df`mMs [d[dYVmhs bjUs`
Amho.
~m~a Hw$Qw>[~`mZs _hmamQ>mVsb V_m_
ZddmMH$mgmR>s YJYJV Ro>dbo`m kmZm`m
A{hmombm "bmoH$am`' `m _m`_mYyZ eVe:
Um_!

hmoVs [ejU d gm[h` [Z[_Vs. _hmamQ>mV B[S>`Z ^[JZsZo Amn`m boIZmVyZ n[adVZmMs Zm|X [H$Vs
B{Q>QyQ> Am\$ E`wHo$eZ, nwUo d _hmamQ> am` JmoS> nVsZo KoVbs Vo gmJyZ Wm~Vmo..
mT> [ejU gWm, AmaJm~mX Aem XmoZ [R>H$mUs
""UPwU`m nmIam, ZH$mo Wm~yg ao Xmar,
am` gmYZ H|$o AmhoV. `m Xmohs am` gmYZ
^mD$am`mes ~mobm`m Amho Qo>[b\$moZ Kar''
H|$mZs eoH$S>mo boIH$ [e[~ao KoD$Z MS> Zdgmja
gX^ gm[h`gyMs
gm[h` [Z[_Vs Ho$bs Amho.
1. hQ>a Am`moJ [ejU Ahdmb-1882-83
Zm_dV boIH$ Zdgmja dmL>_` [b[h`mgmR>s
2. [ejU Am`moJmMm Ahdmb-1964-66
\$mago CgwH$ dm Cgmhs [XgV ZmhsV `m_wio
3. Pedagogy of the Oppressed-Paulo
boIH$ [e[~ao KoD$ZM m_w`mZo gm[h`[Z[_Vs Friere-1970 Publisher: New York: Seabury
H$amds bmJVo. gXa gm[h`mMo JwUm_H$ _y` Va (Also available From Prnguin Education)
AmhoM; nU, g`m_H$ _y`hs ZOaoAmS>
4. Cultural Action for Freedom-Paulo
H$a`mOmoJo Zmhs. gnyU gmjaVm A[^`mZmMo \$[bV Friere-1970 Publisher:Same as Pedagogy
hUyZ bmIm|`m g`oV Zdgmja [Z_mU Pmbo of the Oppressed
AmhoV. `m`mgmR>s MS> _mUmV Zdgmja dmMZ
5. Some Perspectives & Non-Formal
gm[h`mMs JaO Amho. bmIm|`m g`oVsb `m Education- J.P. Naik-1977
ZddmMH$mMs dmMZVUm e_d`mgmR>s bmIm|`m
Publisher : Allied Publishers Private Ltd.
g`oV nwVHo$ [Z_mU hmds bmJVsb. Xmohs am` Bombay.
gmYZ H|$mZs ^aKmog gm[h` [Z[_Vs Ho$bs Amho. gnH$ : 9869653711
`m nwVH$mMs `mXs `m H|$mH$So> [_iy eHo$b.
A``Zesb g_mO- mT> [ejU H$m`H$_mMo
A[V_ C[Q> hUOo A``Zesb g_mOmMs
dm[N> Vmo {dO`m hmoBdm!
[Z[_Vs. gVV dmMUmam, [b[hUmam, Zdo Zdo kmZ
lr. AmZX H$w^ma `mZr emoYyZ
JhU H$aUmam, g_mOmV doJmZo Km|KmdV `oUm`m
H$mT>bobm H$wS>b gJ
`oH$ n[adVZmMs Zm|X KoUmam Agm EH$ gigiVm
(gmobmnya) `oWrb {ebmboI.
[OdV g_mO.
Am_`m EH$m Zdgmja gm[h` [e[~amV EH$m

do~ [ddmVsb _amR>s

H$meZ jomMm _mJmodm KoV AmnU

OgOgo Ow`m H$mimV OmVmo VgVgo
AmnU N>nmB jom`m B[VhmgmV
Imbda CVaV OmVmo. B.g. 808_`o MsZ_`o
\$$ gmV nmZmMo EH$ nwVH$ V`ma Ho$bo Jobo. `mMo
Zmd [X S>m`_S> gy. ho nwVH$ bmH$S>m`m R>emZs
[V_m C_Q>dyZ N>mn`mV Am`mMo gX^
gmnS>VmV. AWmV, `m H$mimV _wimV hbUmam
hUOo "_who~b Q>mBn' V`ma Pmbobm ZhVm. nwTo>
1440_`o O_ZsV OmohmZ JQo>Z~JZo YmVyMm Q>mBn
Am[U bmH$S>mMo N>nmB ` V`ma Ho$bo; Am[U mM
JQo>Z~JZo 1455_`o Amn`m N>nmB `mda n[hbo
nwVH$ b[Q>Z ~m`~b N>mnbo. `mZVa 1475_`o
BJOs ^mfoVbo n[hbo nwVH$ [d`_ H$mQ>Z `mZo
N>mnyZ V`ma Ho$bo.
N>nmBMo jo B.g. 1500ZVa `WmdH$me ~haV
Jobo. OJmV gd [d[dY ^mfm_`o boIH$ [bhsV
hmoVo; Am[U `m`m [bImUm`m Vs OmVsV
OmV dmMH$mn`V EH$mM dois nmohmoMm`mV
`mgmR>s N>mnrb VtMm Mma d [dH$mg AmngwH$
hmoV Jobm. H$meZmMo ho bmoU
_amR>sn`V nmohmoMon`V _`o
~amM H$mi Jobm. Vmon`V
BJOsM H$meZ [dd
MmJbM {Wamdb hmoV.
_amR>sVb n[hb
dmn
hUyZ
AmnU ~miems
Om^oH$am`m
"XnU'bm _mZ
XoVmo.
"XnU'
1832_`o gw$
Pmb. IaVa, Vo
_amR>s Am[U BJOs Aem
Xmohs ^mfm_`o hmoV. _wm
hm H$s _amR>s H$meZ [ddmMs

Wmoabs ~hsU hs Zoh_sM BJOs hmoVs. W_ BJOsZ

{Wa hmd Am[U _amR>sZ [V`m nmdbmda nmD$b
Q>mH$V nwT> `md Ag KS>V Jobob Amn`mbm
B[Vhmgm`m ~hwVoH$ nmZm_`o [XgyZ `oV.
do~ _m`_mMo doY
`mhy S>mQ> H$m_ ho OJmVb n[hb gmd[H$ do~
gM B[OZ _mZb OmV. `mhyZo Amn`m m
gHo$VWimM Zmd (S>mo_oZ Zo_) Zm|Xdb Vs VmarI
hmoVs 18 OmZodmar 1995. Vgo 1965nmgyZM
[ejU Am[U g` m XmoZ jomgmR>s ZoQ>dH$M
VkmZ V`ma H$a`mMo `Z A_o[aHo$V Mmbbo
hmoVo. `mM `ZmVyZ nwTo> BQ>aZoQ> ZmdmM _hmZoQ>dH$
[H$dm _hmOmbmM V C^ amhsb. ho Omi \$ma
PnmQ>mZ A_o[aHo$V [dH$[gV hmoV Job Am[U `m
MS> JXuVyZ hds Vs _m[hVs emoY`mMs JaO

_mYd [eadiH$a
[Z_mU Pmbs. ho gma AWmVM BJOs`m
nmd^y_sda KS>V hmoV. _m[hVs emoYmgmR>s gM
BOrZ Zm_H$ VkmZmMs JaO bmJbs `mMm
AW `m Q>`mda BQ>aZoQ> Am[U do~da
hOmamo nmZm`m _m[hVsMm T>sJ gmMbobm
hmoVm. m {T>JmV _amR>s Hw$Ro>M ZhV.
Zoh_s_mUo _amR>sMs VmB BJOs Xhm
nmdbo nwTo> hmoVs, Am[U BWo
_amR>sbm Amnbs VmB
A_o[aHo$V Hw$R>`m H$m_mV
JwVbs Amho `mMm IaVa
nmmhs ZhVm. Amnbo H$meH$
Xadfu eoH$S>mo nwVHo$ N>mnyZ
H$m[eV H$arV hmoVo, AmnU `mda
CS>m Q>mHy$Z Vs [dH$V
KoD$Z [H$dm JWmb`mV
OmD$Z dmMV hmoVmo.
gmYmaUV: 1995_`o
_w~BV [dXoe gMma [ZJ_Ms
BQ>aZoQ> godm gw$ Pmbs. m
godoMs JaO `{$e:
Amn`mbm Amho H$s Zmhs
hmM `m dois IaVa n[hbm
Z hmoVm. BQ>aZoQ>Ms
gH$nZm Zds H$moar hmoVs.

`mda BJOsMm [e$m hmoVm. AmO`mgmaIM

`mhs dois A_o[aH$Z gH$VsM [V[~~ `mV
[Xgm`M. 1995_`o Amn`m eham_`o KamoKar
XyadZs bmJ`mMm gnmQ>m gw$ Pmbm hmoVm.
XyadZsbm OmoSy>Z `m dois BQ>aZoQ>Ms godm Ko`mMs
gmo` hmoVs. BQ>aZoQ> OodT>m doi Mmby Agob VodT>m
doi XyadZs "EJoO' bmJo. [edm` XyadZsM [~b
VodT>m H$mimV gnmgn dmT>V Ago. hmgoZ
KoVbo`m BQ>aZoQ>_wio XyadZsM [~b n[h`mM
_[h`mV Mma AmH$S>s Pmbob [Xg`mda AmnU
^b`mM Om`mV AS>H$`mM bjmV `oB, Am[U
"^sH$ ZH$mo nU Hw$m Amda' hUV BQ>aZoQ> ~X
Ro>db OmB. 15 dfmnydu Ag dmVmdaU hmoV ho
AmO gm[JVb H$s AM~m dmQ>Vmo.
1995 Vo 2000
BQ>aZoQ>Ms ^maVmVbs n[hbs nmM df} gmamMs
Agbs Var Vmo _XJVs gma hmoVm. da
hQ>`m_mUo hs godm _hmJS>s Va hmoVsM; nU,
Xwgar JmoQ> hUOo Vs Z dmna`mZo "H$mhs AS>b
Amho' Agm H$ma ZhVm. `mV Vm[H$ AS>MUtMs
^a Ago. H$Ys XyadZs bmBZ_wio Va H$Ys BQ>aZoQ>
godoVsb Xmofm_wio, Va H$Ys Amn`m gJUH$mVsb
Vm[H$ [~KmS>m_wio BQ>aZoQ> godm I[S>V hmoV Ago.
`m_wio 1995 Vo 2000 m H$mimV BQ>aZoQ>Mm
gma \$$ ehamVM Am[U Vmohs Oo_Vo_M hmoD$
eH$bm. ehar _S>is `mda MQ> H$arV AgV,
B_ob, hm`ag dJao MMm Jm_sU ^mJmVbo bmoH$
EoHy$Z AgV. H$Ys MwHy$Z nmhwUo hUyZ _w~Bnw`mH$So> Job AgVmZm BQ>aZoQ> nmhm`bm [_imb
H$s Hw$Vyhb qH$[MV e_o; nU, hm gmam BJOsMm
Ioi Amho ho bjmV `oB. `mV 2000 gmbs "dm`
Qy> Ho$' Zm_H$ EH$ g_`m [Z_mU Pmbs. `mMo
dUZ _m`_mZs \$maM ^`mZH$ [M aJdyZ Ho$bo.
[d_mZo nS>Uma, ~m~ \w$Q>Uma, ~H$m ~wS>Uma dJao
dJao ~mV`mZs BQ>aZoQ> H$ma [H$Vs ^`mZH$ Agy
eH$Vmo BVH$M [~~b. ZVa `jmV Vmo gmam
\w$gH$m ~ma [ZKmbm hs JmoQ> [Zamis.
_amR>s dmnmMo BQ>aZoQ>darb AmJ_Z
1995 Vo 2000 m H$mimV Amnbs H$mhs
_amR>s dmno BQ>aZoQ>da Ambs Iar; nU, Vs
ghOmghOs dmMVm `oV ZhVs. AmnU _hmamQ>
Q>mBg, bmoH$gmm, gH$mi Am[U bmoH$_V hs Mma
m[V[Z[YH$ dmno hm _wm g_OyZ Ko`mgmR>s
bjmV KoD$. _hmamQ> Q>mBg S>mQ> H$m_ m

OyZ-Owb 2011

71

gHo$VWim`m ZmdmMs Zm|XUsM _wimV 26

gQ|>~a 1997 amoOs Pmbs. m gHo$VWim`m
[XZmH$ 9 AmQ>mo~a 1999 amoOs n[h`m nmZmMo
[M AmnU http://replay.web.archive.org/
19991009055200/http://maharashtratimes.com/ m gHo$VWimda AmOhs nmhy

eH$Vm. 9 AmQ>mo~a 1999 amoOs _hmamQ>

Q>mBg`m gHo$VWimda dmnmMm H$moUVmhs
_OHy$a ZhVm. gHo$VWi AOyZ gw$M Pmbobo
ZhVo. _mM 2000_`o H$YsVar Vo gw$ Pmbo.
WmoS>m\$ma \$aH$mZo bmoH$gmm, bmoH$_V Am[U
gH$mi `mMs hH$sJVhs AesM hmoVs. bmoH$gmm
gHo$VWimMo "bmoH$gmm S>mQ> H$m_' ho Zmd [XZmH$
17 AmQ>mo~a 1998 amoOs Zm|X[d`mV Ambo hmoVo.
bmoH$_V S>mQ> H$m_ OyZ 1997_`o Va gH$miZo
Amn`m BgH$mi S>mQ> H$m_Mo Zmd 22
Zmoh|~a 1999 amoOs Zm|Xdbo. gH$mibm
sakal.com ho Zmd [_iy eH$bo Zmhs;
H$maU, Owb 1998_`o Vo AJmoXaM
Hw$UsVar Xwg`mZo Zm|X[dbo hmoVo. m
_m[hVsd$Z bjmV `oVo H$s _amR>s H$meZ
[ddmVsb _hdmMm Xwdm AgUmar _amR>s
dmno _wimV 2000 gmbmn`V do~
_m`_mMm [dMma Jm^r`mZo H$arV ZhVs.
H$maU, _amR>s dmnmZm do~ _m`_mbm
_hd mdogo dmQo>b Aes Vm[H$ Am[U
gm_m[OH$ {WVs Vmon`V V`ma PmbobsM
ZhVs.
2001 Vo 2005
_amR>s dmno 2001 Vo 2005 m H$mimV
BQ>aZoQ>da MmMnS>V am[hbs `mM H$maU hUOo
_amR>ses g~[YV gJUH$s` VkmZ Am[U `mVbo
Xmof dm JwVmJwV. 2001`m gw_mamg _hmamQ>mV
AZoH$ [R>H$mUs BQ>aZoQ>Mm gma Pmbm hmoVm. _bm
AmR>dV H$s OmZodmar 2001 Vo [S>g|~a 2001 Ag
df^a _mP "gJUH$ OJV' ZmdmM gXa bmoH$gmoV
`oV Ago. ho gXa dmM`mZVa `oUm`m B_ob _moR>m
g`oV AgV. `mV`m AZoH$ Jm_sU ^mJmVyZ
Ambo`m AgV. AWmV, `m gd B_ob BJOsV
AgV, AWdm _amR>s eX BJOs [bns dmn$Z
nmR>dbobo AgV. AmO OJ^a BQ>aZoQ>da _amR>s
dmno _moR>m _mUmda dmMbs OmVmV. Amnbo
hOmamo _amR>s ^mfH$ VU d `mMo Hw$Qw>~r` ZmoH$ar`dgm`m`m [Z[_mmZo OJ^a [d[dY Xoem_`o
Wm[`H$ Pmbo AmhoV. AemZm Va _amR>s dmnmMs
gHo$VWio ho _moRo> AwnM dmQ>V AgVo. EH$ JaO
hUyZ `mH$So> nmhUmamMs g`m \$ma _moR>s Amho.
dmMH$m`m Q>sZo do~darb _amR>s H$meZ

72 OyZ-Owb 2011

[dd 2001 Vo 2005 m H$mimV ^md nmS>Umao

ZhVo. EH$Va _amR>s \$mQ> S>mD$ZbmoS> H$$Z `mMo
`mo` Vo Vm[H$ goqQ>J AMyH$ H$$Z KoV`m[edm`
_amR>s _OHy$a dmMVmM `oV Zgo. gmao ZsQ> H$$Z
_OHy$a [Xgy bmJbm Var Ajam_`o A[Z`[_V
OmJm amhUo, OmoS>mjao [Xg`mV AS>MUs dJao
AZoH$ AS>Wio nma nmS>mdo bmJV. AemZo dmMZmV
_Z a_V Zgo. `m_wio H$sZda _amR>s gwImZo dmMUo
e` Zmhs Agm EH$ g_OM `m H$mimV ngabm
hmoVm. m Vm[H$ AS>MUs _amR>s \$mQ>, `mMs
[dS>moO dm [bggma`m AmnaoqQ>J [gQ>g_Ysb
hmVmiUs, [Za[Zam`m BQ>aZoQ> ~mD$PgMm _amR>s
dm XodZmJar \$mQ> hmVmi`mVbm \$aH$ Aem
d$nm`m hmo`m. `mM AS>MUt_wio _amR>s do~
H$meZ [dd 2001 Vo 2005 m H$mimV OboM

Zmhs. "_m`~mobs S>mQ> H$m_'gmaIo EImXo

AndmXm_H$ gHo$VWi C^o am[hbohs, Zmhs Ago
Zmhs. nU, Ves CXmhaUo hs [Z`_ [g
H$a`mgmR>s`m AndmXmnwaVsM hmoVs.
2005 Vo 2010
_m`m _Vo 2005 Vo 2010 hm nmM dfmMm
H$mi _amR>s do~ H$meZ [ddmMm O`mMm H$mi
Amho. `mVhs 2005 Vo 2008 hm H$mi nhmQ>
hmo`mMm Agbm Var _amR>s do~ H$meZ [dd `m
VsZ dfmV nyU H$mebo Ago hUVm `oV Zmhs.
2009 Vo 2011 m H$mimV `w[ZH$moS> ZmdmMm
^mds _gshm _amR>s`m _XVsbm Ambm Am[U
_amR>s do~ H$meZmMo [dd A[Ve` doJmZo ~h$
bmJbo. _w` hUOo BQ>aZoQ>da _amR>s `d{WV
[XgVo, \$mQ> S>mD$ZbmoS> H$amdm bmJV Zmhs,
nydu`m AS>MUs AmVm Xya Pm`m AmhoV Agm
g_O AmVm PnmQ>mZo ngaVmo Amho. A[YH$m[YH$
dmMH$ Am[U boIH$ AmVm do~ _m`_m`m
_mS>dmV `oD$ bmJbo AmhoV. 2011Zo gw$ hmoUm`m
XeH$mV _amR>s do~ H$meZmMo [dd [j[VOmda
M_H$`mgmR>s [g Pmbo Amho hs \$ma _hdmMs

JmoQ> Amho.
EImXo nwVH$ [S>[OQ>b $nmV CnbY Pmbo H$s
`mbm B~wH$ hQ>bo OmVo. OmZodmar 2005_`o
Zm[eH$ `oWo m. Ho$ed _olm_ `m`m A`jVoImbs
Pmbo`m A.^m. _amR>s gm[h` g_obZm`m
_S>nmbm bmJyZ Agbo`m JW XeZmV _w~B`m
gJUH$ H$meZmMm B~wgMm Q>mb hmoVm. `m
Q>mbda am_ JUoe JS>H$`m`m g_J gm[h`mMs
B~wH$ gsS>s, VgoM BVahs H$mhs _amR>s B~wg
CnbY hmoVs. g_obZmbm Cn{WV Agbo`m
hOmamo dmMH$mZs B~wgZm Cm_ [VgmX [Xbm
hmoVm. AmVm 2011_`o `mM gJUH$ H$meZmZo
JS>H$`mMo g_J gm[h` EH$m dV
gHo$VWimda _mo\$V d `w[ZH$moS> d$nmV
H$m[eV Ho$bo Amho. "bmoH$am`'`m _mM 2011
AH$mV `mdarb EH$ g[dVa boIhs [g
Pmbm Amho. 2005 nydu _amR>sV B~wH$ hm
H$ma Ambobm ZhVm. JS>H$`mMo g_J
gm[h` gsS>sda Ambo hs _amR>sVsb B~wgMs
gwdmV hmoVs.
Jo`m VsZ dfmV _amR>sV AZoH$ B~wg
Ambobs [XgVmV. AZoH$ `$s d gWm _amR>s
nwVHo$ [S>[OQ>mBO H$$Z Vs gHo$VWimda dm
gsS>tda CnbY H$a`mMo CnH$_ AmO
am~dV AmhoV. m `ZmZm `w[ZH$moS> VmMs
MmJbs gmW [_imbs Amho. VWm[n, Aem
CnH$_mMs AmUIs g`m dmT>m`bm hds.
ZwH$VoM gmZo JwOs `mMo g_J gm[h` qWH$
_hmamQ> H$nmgmR>s nyOmgmQ> m gWoZo
"gmZoJwOs S>mQ> ZoQ'> m gHo$VWimda CnbY
Ho$bo Amho. ~moYZH$ma R>mH$ao `mMo g_J gm[h`
XoUmao gHo$VWihs H$m[eV Pmbo Amho. Aem
H$mao _amR>s B~wgMs do~darb g`m H$Ys
eoH$S>mVyZ hOmamV Jobs ho Amn`mbm H$iUmahs
Zmhs.
_amR>s bmO
bmJ hm H$ma hs do~ _m`_mMs XoUJs Amho.
`w[ZH$moS>Mo V Am[U bmJgmR>s CnbY
Agbo`m bmJa [H$dm dS>oggma`m _mo\$V
godmMm Cn`moJ H$$Z AmO eoH$S>mo _amR>s bmO
V`ma Pmbo AmhoV. `mVsb AZoH$ H$[dVm, [dZmoX
dm Am_H|$[V [ZdoXZmgmR>s dm[hbobo [XgV
Agbo Var AZoH$ bmO ho A[Ve` XO}Xma
gm[h` XoUmaohs AmhoV. AmO 2011_`ohs AOyZ
`w[ZH$moS>Mo V _hmamQ>mV gd ngabobo Zmhs.
`w[ZH$moS>Mm gma Am[U Mma _hmamQ>mV Omo_mZo
Ho$bm Jobm Va 2011-12 Am[U 13_`o AJXs
VimJmimVbm _mUyghs `mMo _ZmoJV bmJda

Zm|X[dVmZm Amn`mbm [Xgob `mV eH$m Zmhs.

_hmamQ>mVsb EHy$U gmjaVoMo _mU AmO
bjUs` Amho. 2001`m OZJUZoV Vo gw_mao 74
Q>o$ hmoVo. _m, 2011`m OZJUZoMo gwdmVsMo
AmH$So> ~mhoa Am`mda Vo 83 Q>`mda
nmohmoMbobo [XgyZ Ambo Amho. gmjaVm Am[U
gJUH$ gmjaVm `mMo K[ZQ> ZmVo Amho. nwT>sb
[nT>s, "OodT>s gmjaVm VodT>s gJUH$ gmjaVm'
Ago _mU g_mOmV amIVmZm [Xgob. Omo Omo gmja
Vmo Vmo gJUH$ gmja Aes {WVs `o`m H$mhs
dfmVM _hmamQ>mV [Xgy bmJob. m gX^mV
_hmamQ> kmZ _hm_S>imMm (E_.Ho$.gs.Eb.)
AmdOyZ CoI hm H$am`bmM hdm. _hmamQ>mV`m
gw_mao 25 bj bmoH$mZm E_.Eg.gs.Am`.Q>s.
narjogmR>s V`ma H$$Z `mZs _hmamQ>m`m gJUH$
gmjaVobm Omo ~wQ>a S>mog [Xbm Amho `mbm
IamoIarM VmoS> Zmhs. m gm`m [dm`mZm
`w[ZH$moS> VmMo nwadUs [ejU [Xbo; Am[U
`m_wio `mVbo AJXs XmoZ Q>o$ Oar bmJ [bhy
bmJbo Var AmOMs _amR>s bmOMs gw_mao 3000
Agbobs g`m OdiOdi [VnQ> hmoBb. Vgo
Pmbo Va am`mV Agbobs [d[dY H$maMs JwUdmm
OJmnwTo> OmD$Z _amR>s ^mfoVsb "H$Q|>Q>g'Ms Zo_H$s
VmH$X AmVaamQ>s` Vamda nmohmoMob. 2011Mo
XeH$ ho ZmboO BH$mZm_sMo Amho Aes MMm gVV
EoHy$ `oVo. `m Q>sZo `mbm H$_mbsMo _hd AmnU
m`bm hdo.
_amR>s Am[S>Amo ~wg d _{Q>_r{S>`m
Am[S>Amo ~wg AWmV ldU H$amd`mMs
nwVHo$hs _amR>sV OodT>s Ano[jV AmhoV VodT>s
V`ma Pmbobs [XgV ZmhsV. IaVa, nwb`m
H$goQ>g, [edmOsamd ^mogbo `mMs `m`mZo,
d.nw.Mo H$WmH$WZ dJao lm` _m`_mVsb
bmoH$[` d `eds H$n gdm`m _m[hVsMo
AmhoV. [ejU jomgmR>s VgoM `mdgm[`H$
[ejUmgmR>s Am[S>Amo ~wg dm `mnwTo> OmD$Z
{hS>rAmo ~wg _amR>sV V`ma hmoUo d `mMs g`m
gmV`mZo dmT>V amhUo ho EHy$UM _amR>s ^mfogmR>s
[hVmdh Amho. emgZ AmVm Xadfu _amR>s
gHo$VWimMs nYm KoVo. Vem nYm _amR>s
bmO, _amR>s Am[S>Amo - {hS>rAmo ~wg, _amR>s
_{Q>_r{S>>`m CnmXZo, _amR>s [S>[OQ>m`PoeZ
H$n `m`mgmR>shs KoV`m Om`mV Ago
gwMdmdogo dmQ>Vo.
AY ~mYdmgmR>sMs B~wg
emgZm`m _amR>s [ddH$moe _S>imZo \o$~wdmar
2011_`o Hw$_mamgmR>s Osdem n`mdaU H$moe
H$m[eV Ho$bm Amho. hm H$moe N>mnrb d$nmV

`m dois H$m[eV Pmbm `mM dois Vmo

gHo$VWimdahs `w[ZH$moS> d$nmV CnbY
H$a`mV Ambm. `mM~amo~a AYmgmR>sMs ~ob
[bnsVsb Amdmshs H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambs. _yi
V`ma Pmbo`m B~wH$d$Z Z~ (ZeZb
Agmo[gEeZ \$ma bmBS>) `mZs Vs Amdms V`ma
Ho$bs. Vw_`mH$So> `w[ZH$moS>_Ysb B~wH$ V`ma
Agob Va H$mhs jUmV Vo ~ob_`o namd[VV H$$Z
CnbY H$aVm `oVo ho AYmMo OsdZM ~XbyZ
Q>mH$Umao V Amho. "bmoH$am`'Mm E[b-_o
2010Mm gwdU _hmogds [deofmH$hs mM H$mao
~ob [bnsV H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambm Amho. Aes
~ob_Ysb B~wg Am[U Am[S>Amo ~wg `m_wio
Amn`m AY ~mYdmgmR>s kmZgmYZmMs Zds
H$dmSo> CKS>bs OmV AmhoV.
mH$mb hm [demb ^yYa,
gwXa boUs V`mV ImoXm..
_amR>s do~ H$meZ [ddmda Q>mH$bobm hm \$$
EH$ H$Q>mj Amho. Jo`m 15 dfmVsb dmQ>Mmb
H$mgdmgmaIs Pmbs Agbs Var nwT>bs gmar
dmQ>Mmb OmJ$H$ gem`m doJmZo hmoV OmUma Amho
ho AJXs nQ> Amho. `o`m H$mhs H$mimV _amR>s
[ddH$moemMo gmao IS> do~da H$m[eV hmoVsb.
`mVbm eX Z eX gX^ hUyZ emoYVm `oBb.
N>nmBV IMmMm [dMma H$$Z Ho$di aoIm[Mo dm
gmYs H$U-Ydb N>m`m[Mo dmna`mV Ambs
hmoVs.
`m OmJs aJsV N>m`m[Mo, ZH$meo dJa|Mm
g_mdoe H$aVm `oBb. ^yH$nmgma`m [df`mMs
_m[hVs XoVmZm `j dmbm_wIs XmIdVm `oU ho
AZs_oeZ Am[U {hS>rAmo`m VmZo AmVm e`

hmoBb. _amR>s [ddH$moe Am[U kmZH$moe AmOn`V

_wHo$ hmoVo, `mZm ~mobH$ H$aVm `oBb. ^[d`mVbo
_amR>s do~ H$meZ [dd A`V Cdb Amho. Vo
_hmamQ>mnwaVo Zgob, Vo I`m AWmZo A[Ib
[ddmgmR>s Agob; Am[U `m_mJo _hmamQ>mMo
H$Vd H$me_mZ db`mgmaIo VinV Agob.
gnH$ : 9987642791
B-ob : ms@pujasoft.net

OyZ-Owb 2011

73

Xmo

g\$a _amR>s`m AZwdmX[ddmMs

Z ^mfmZm Am[U `m ^mfm_Ysb boIH$dmMH$mZm OmoS>Umam EH$ _hdmMm Xwdm

hUOo AZwdmX. _mUgm`m ^mfm
[eH$`mbm EH$ _`mXm AmnmoAmnM nS>Vo, ho bjmV
KoV`mda AZwdmXmM _hd A[YH$M dmQ>V.
AmnU nwVH$ dmMVmo Vohm Amn`m _mV^mfoVbs
nwVH$ dmMU A[YH$ ghO dmQ>V. hs nwVH$
gm[h{`H$ d$nmMsM AgVmV Ag Zmhs. Vs
_m[hVsna, [dkmZ[df`H$ [H$dm VdkmZ[df`H$,
Am`m{_H$hs Agy eH$VmV.
_amR>s_`o AZwdmX Iyn nydunmgyZ hmoV Ambo
AmhoV Am[U kmZodarMm CoI `mV AJ^mJs
H$amdm bmJob. am_m`U-_hm^maVm[X _hmH$m`
[H$dm nwamUH$Wm, Cn[ZfXm_Ysb H$Wm, gH$V
ZmQ>H$ d `m`m H$WmdVy Agm hm YmJm Ow`m
gm[h`mn`V OmoS>Vm `oBb. [~[Q>e H$mimV
BJOsMs AmoiI Amn`mbm Pm`mZVa `mVsb
_yi Am[U AZwdm[XV dmL>_`hs AmnU dmMy
bmJbmo. BJOs ^mfm hs ^maVs`mgmR>s OJmH$So>
nmh`mMs [IS>H$s R>abs. AmVm `m [IS>H$sMo
_hmma ~Zb Amho hm ^mJ doJim. nU, BJOsZo
Amhm ^maVs`mZm ~aM H$mhs [Xb ho ZmH$m$Z
MmbUma Zmhs.
AZwdm[XV gm[h`m~b [H$dm AZwdm[XV
nwVH$m~b ~mobVmZm AZwdmX `m JmoQ>sH$So>
S>moignUo nm[hb nm[hOo. gm[h`m`m nbsH$So>
OmUmao AZoH$ [df` dmMH$mZm IwUmdV Ag`m_wio
Am[U Ago [df` _amR>sV H$_s _mUmV hmVmibo
OmV Ag`m_wio BJOsVyZ Aes nwVH$ AZwdm[XV
H$a`mdaMm ^a dmT>Vmo Amho. AbsH$So> OsdZ^m`
H$aUmar qH$dm Am`w`mH$So> gH$mam_H$ ZOaoZo H$go
~Kmdo `m~b gmJUmar nwVH$hs _moR>m _mUmV
dmMbs OmVmV. AmVmMm _amR>s dmMH$ BJOs
^mfoes IynM n[a[MV Amho. nydu Vg ZhV.
`m_wio gm[h{`H$ AZwdmX H$aVmZm WoQ>
AZwdmXmnojm $nmVa H$a`mH$So> AZwdmXH$mMm H$b
Agm`Mm. AmJaH$amZs Ho$bobm [dH$ma[db[gV hm
hboQ>Mm AZwdmX [H$dm gmZoJwOtZs $nmV[aV
Ho$bo`m "JmoS> JmoQ>s' Aes H$H$ CXmhaU XoVm
`oVsb. gm[h`mVyZ Ambob dmVmdaU AZmoiIs,
naH$ Ag`mZo Ago `moJ Ho$bo Jobo. AmVm
n[a{WVs ~Xbbs Amho. naXoem_Ysb OsdZebs,
amhUs, gm_m[OH$ aMZm ho gma Amn`m
n[aM`mMM Pmb Amho Ag Zmhs, Va BWb

74 OyZ-Owb 2011

OsdZhs n{M_s nVsM ~Zb Amho. `m_wio

AmVm WoQ> AZwdmXM hmoVmV. $nmVa H$$Z BW`m
gH$VsMm gmO boIZmbm MT>d`mMs JaO AmVm
gnbs Amho.
^maVs` ^mfm_YyZhs _amR>sV nwVH$ AZwdm[XV
hmoV AgVmV. ~JmbsVyZ eaX~m~y, adsZmW `mM
gm[h` \$ma nydu _amR>sV Amb Amho. _m_m daoaH$a,
JmonsZmW VidbH$a Ago ~JmbsMo AZwdmXH$
Zm_dV hmoVo. AbsH$So> _Um[bZs JS>H$ar, [dbmg
JrVo, _Um[bZs Ho$iH$a, aOZm nmR>H$ AemZs
~JmbsVyZ _amR>sV AZwdm[XV Ho$bobs nwVH$
dmMH$mZm AmH$fyZ KoV AgVmV, Va am` `mMs
"\o$byXm' H$WmMs _m[bH$m AemoH$ OZ `mZs

Z[XZs Am_[g
BJOsVyZ _amR>sV AZwdm[XV Ho$bs Amho.
adsZmWm`m "[ZdS>H$ H$[dVm' AbsH$So> Za|
OmYd `mZs _amR>sV AmU`m AmhoV, Va MH$mV
nmQ>sb [hXsVyZ H$[dVmMo AZwdmX _amR>sV H$aV
Ambo AmhoV. `mZs ^maVs` ^mfm_Ysb [ZdS>H$
H$[dVm "H$[dVmVaU' `m nwVH$mmao dmMH$mg_moa
AmU`m AmhoV.
C_m Hw$bH$Uu, _sZm dmJsH$a `m XmoKs
H$S>_YyZ _amR>sV AZwdmX H$aVmV Va YZls hi~o

WoQ> _`mi__YyZ _amR>s AZwdmX H$aVmV.

JwOamVsMo _amR>s AZwdmXH$hs ^anya AmhoV, `mV
_mohZ dohmi, {_Vm ^mJdV, AObs ZadUo,
g[MZ Ho$VH$a, gwf_m emisJm_, Cfm nwamo[hV,
Z[bZs _mS>JmdH$a Aes hs `mXs ~arM bm~bMH$
Amho. AmUIshs AZoH$ Zmd `mV OmoS>mds
bmJVsb. Cfm goR> `m JwOamVs bo[IH$m dV:`m
nwVH$mMm AZwdmX dV:M _amR>sV H$aVmV. [hXs
^mfm _amR>s dmMH$mZm IynM n[aM`mMs Amho. _m,
WoQ> [hXsVyZ dmMVm `oV Agb Varhs _amR>sV [hXs
gm[h`H$VtMo AZwdmXhs _moR>m _mUmV hmoV
AgVmV. [hXs `oV AgVmZm [hXs nwVH$ _amR>sV
H$embm dmMm`M Aghs dmQ>U dm^m[dH$M Amho.
nU, [hXs nwVH$ ghO CnbY ZgU ho H$maU
`m`m _amR>s AZwdmXmZm MmbZm XoUma R>aV. AmO
O`H$me gmdV, MH$mV ^m|Omi, JUoe [dgnwVo
Aes _S>is [hXsVyZ _amR>sV Cm_ AZwdmX H$aV
AmhoV. _`misVyZ WoQ> AZwdmX H$aUm`m YZls
hi~o, C[S>`mVyZ AZwdmX H$aUmao dmgwXod Am[U
amYm OmoJioH$a, [gYs gm[h` _amR>sV AmUUmao
bN>_Z hXdmUs Aem AZoH$mZs _amR>s dmMH$mZm
BVa ^mfm_Ysb gm[h`mMm I[OZm Iwbm H$$Z
[Xbm Amho. `oH$M ^maVs` ^mfoVsb AZwdmX AZ
AZwdmXH$ `mMm CoI H$aU e` Zmhs; nU, `m
`oH$mM `moJXmZ `m jomg bm^V AgV `mMs Zm|X
H$am`bm hds.
_amR>sV [deof JmObobs AZwdm[XV nwVH$
nm[hbs Va `mV d[d` Amho ho OmUdV. H$mhs
dfmnydu am_ nQ>dYZ `mZs Ho$bobm "nmS>g' hm
_mOm}ar [H$ZZ ao[bO `m bo[IHo$`m "X`[bJJMm'
AZwdmX. `m nwVH$mV`m noZs ~Q>a `m N>moQ>m
_wbmM _moR> hmoU Am[U OsdZmV`m H$R>moa
dmVdmM `mbm ^mZ `oV OmU dmMH$mZm ne
H$$Z OmV. H$mX~arMs nmd^y_s A_o[aHo$Vsb
bmo[aS>m am`m`m OJbXoemVbs, Vsgwm 135
dfmnydu`m H$mimVbs. Vargwm `m H$mX~arMm
AZwdmX AmOhs dmImUbm OmVmo. [H$dm "VmommoMmZ'
ho OnmZs nwVH$ ~Km. VogwH$mo Hw$amo`mZmJs `m
bo[IHo$M ho nwVH$. VmommoMmZ `m [M_waS>sbm [V`m
XJm_Vs_wio emioVyZ H$Ty>Z Q>mH$b OmV. [V`m
Vmo_moB emioMo _w`m`mnH$ H$mo~m`mes Am[U `m
bhmZ d`mVbo [VMo AZw^d `mMm gwXa AmboI
_mS>Uma ho nwVH$ OJ^amV`m AZoH$ ^mfm_YyZ
Job Amho. har nmQ>ahs AmO _amR>sV nmoMbm`. nU,

Aao[~`Z ZmBQ>g [H$dm am_m`U-_hm^maV Va H$H$

eVH$mnmgyZ doJdoJ`m ^mfm_Y`m dmMH$mZm
^wai KmbV AmhoV.
gm[h{`H$ AZwdmXm`m OmoS>sbm dMm[aH$,
_m[hVsna nwVH$mMo AZwdmX hmhs EH$ _hdmMm
mV Amho. [H$dm ~oQ> goba H$Qo>JarVbs nwVH$hs
`mV _moS>VmV. _amR>sV Aem [df`mda [b[hb Z
OmU Am[U BJOsV`m nwVH$mMs [gs hmoU hs
Xmohs H$maU `m gX^mV gmJVm `oVsb. ~oQ> goba
H$mamVsb nwVH$m~m~V, Aghs ~aoMXm hmoV H$s
Aem Vho`m nwVH$m_Ysb AZw^d [H$dm
AZw^dmMo jo ho _amR>sbm gdds ZdsZ
Ag`m_wio `m~b dmMH$mZm [deof AmH$fU
dmQy> eH$V. hUyZM Va "_Zs M|Ogg' [H$dm
"\$m`Zb S>m`m[ggg' `mgma`m ~oQ> goba
H$mX~`m BWo dmM`m Jo`m. Am[U AbsH$So>
Aem YVuda`m nwVH$mMo AZwdmX _amR>sV [g
Ho$bo OmD$ bmJbo AmhoV. OJ^amV MS> Inbo`m
Am`Z aS>`m "AQ>bmg lS>S>Mm' _wYm H$[UH$H$V
AZwdmX AbsH$So>M [g Pmbm Amho.
"EPmoS>gg'gmaIs `y`m gm_m[OH$-amOH$s`
dmQ>Mmbsda [b[hbobs _hmH$mX~ar _amR>sV
dmMbs OmVo, Vs `m [df`mda EdT>s MS> BJOs
H$mX~ar dmM`mnojm Vs _amR>sV dmM`mg
dmMH$mMs ngVs AgVo hUyZM. AbsH$So> \$mXa
[X[~Q>mo `mZs ~m`~b`m Ho$bo`m gw~moY ~m`~b
`m AZwdmXm`m Vshs MS> doJmZo InyZ `m
nwVH$mMs nwT>Ms Amdms H$mhs [XdgmVM H$mT>mds
bmJbs. _Zmo[dH$mg H$meZmZo H$[dVm _hmOZ`m
gnmXH$dmImbs gw$ Ho$bobm ^maVs` bo[IH$mM
gm[h` AZwdm[XV H$a`mMm H$n A[^ZXZs`
Amho.
Amn`mbm EImXm [d[eQ> g_mO dm gH$Vs
n[aM`mMs Agob Va `m~b dmMU A[YH$
AmdSy> eH$V. hUyZM ^maVs` ^mfm_YyZ WoQ>
_amR>sV [H$dm BVa ^mfm_YyZ AZwdmX hmoV amhU ho
_hdmM Amho. AZwdmXmVyZ na`m ^mfoVsb
gm[h`, g_mO, gH$Vs Amn`mn`V nmoMy eH$Vo.
`m~b OmUyZ Ko`mMs BN>m AgU hohs BWo
_hdmM R>aV. AZoH$Xm AZwdm[XV nwVH$ _yi
^mfo~amo~aM AZwdmX Pmbo`m ^mfoVhs BVH$s
MmJbs iVmV H$s Vmo boIH$ `mM ^mfoMm ~ZyZ
OmVmo. [d.g. ImSo>H$a `m`m H$mX~`mMo AZwdmX
Vm_si Am[U JwOamVs Xmohs ^mfm_`o IynM
Cm_H$mao Obo. BVHo$ H$s ImSo>H$a ho Amn`mM
^mfoV [b[hUmao boIH$ AmhoV, Ag `m Xmohs
^mfm_Ysb dmMH$mZm dmQ>m`bm bmJb hmoV.
Jo`m AZoH$ dfm_`o _amR>sV BVa ^mfm_YyZ

Iyn nwVH$ Ambs AmhoV. _amR>s gm[h`mbm Am[U

dmMH$mZm Zd OJ XmId`mMs [H$_`m `m
AZwdmXmZs Z$sM Ho$bs Amho. Vg Va _amR>sV
AZwdm[XV gm[h` Iyn nydunmgyZ [g hmoV Amb
Amho. EH$mo[Ugm`m eVH$mVM `mMs gwdmV
Pmbs. gH$V, Aa~s, \$mags Aem ^mfm_YyZ
nwVH$ _amR>sV AZwdm[XV Pmbobs [XgVmV. nwTo>
JsH$ ^mfoV`m Bgmn`m Zs[VH$Wm, hmo_aM
B[b`S> AemMo _amR>s AZwdmX Pmbo. H$agZXmg
_yiOs `m`m [dXoedmarM dUZ H$aUm`m JwOamVs
dmgdmmM ^mH$a har ^mJdV `mZs Ho$bob _amR>s
^mfmVa 1872 gmbs H$m[eV Pmb hmoV. BJOs,

~Jmbs, [hXs, JwOamVs `m d BVa ^maVs`

^mfm_Ybs nwVH$ _amR>sV `o`mMs gwdmV \$ma
nyduM Pmbs. `mVhs, ~Jmbs gm[h`mM AmH$fU
_amR>s dmMH$mZm n[h`mnmgyZ am[hb Amho.
_amR>s Am[U ~Jmbs bmoH$mZm Zoh_sM nanam[df`s AmnbonUm dmQ>V Ambm Amho. AmYw[ZH$
[dMmamMm Am[U _y`VdmMm dsH$ma Xmohs
[R>H$mUs BVamnojm bdH$a Pmbm. [ejU Am[U
gm_m[OH$ gwYmaUm `mMs Midi XmohsH$So> C^s
am[hbs. Ago g_mZ YmJo Ag`m_wioM,
gm[h`mVhs ~Jmbs nwVH$mZs _amR>sV bmoH$[`Vm
[_idbs. ^mJdam_ [d>b daoaH$a hUOoM _m_m
daoaH$a ho ~Jmbs gm[h` _amR>sV AmUUmao Am
AZwdmXH$. `mZs ~Jmb`m gm[h`gH$VsMs
AmoiI _amR>s dmMH$mbm H$$Z [Xbs. ~[H$_M,
^mVHw$_ma _wImonm`m` Aemhs boIH$mMs nwVH$
`mZs _amR>sV AmUbs Agbs Var `mZs
adsZmW Am[U eaX~m~yM ~aM gm[h` _amR>sV
AmUb. `mZs `m PnmQ>mZo ho H$m_ Ho$b Vo ~KyZ
[d_` dmQ>Vmo. `mZs nmg-gmR> Var ~Jmbs

nwVH$mMo AZwdmX Ho$bo. eaX~m~y`m "lsH$mVV',

"[dXmg',
"n[aUsVm'
Aem
AZoH$
H$mX~`m_mUoM adsZmWm`m H$mX~`m, [Z~Y
Am[U ZmQ>H$ _m_mZs _amR>sV _moR>m _mUmda
AmUbs. _m_m dV: ZmQ>H$H$ma, `m_wio `mZm `m
ZmQ>H$m~b Am_s`Vm AgU dm^m[dH$M hmoV.
gm[h` AH$mX_sZo H$m[eV Ho$bo`m
adsgm[h`mV _m_mMs hs nwVH$ g_m[dQ>
AmhoV. "R>mHw$amMs ZmQ>H$' XmoZ IS>m_`o [g
Pmbs AgyZ, "[dgOZZ', "[MaHw$_mag^m',
"a$H$a~s', "S>mH$Ka' `mgh AZoH$ ZmQ>H$mMm `mV
g_mdoe Amho.
AmVa^maVs`m VdmMm nwaH$ma H$aUm`m
gmZo JwOtZshs Cm_mom_ gm[h` _amR>sV AmUb.
[deofV: _wbmZm Mob g_Oob Aem ^mfoV `mZs
ho AZwdmX Ho$bo Am[U Vo H$aVmZm _yi H$WmZH$mbm
^maVs` gH$Vs-gX^mMm gmO MT>dyZ `mZs
nmMm` gm[h` _amR>sV AmUb. {hQ>a yJmo`m
bm [_Pam~b `m OJ[g H$mX~arM "Xw:Is' ho
$nmVa, OmO B[b`Q>`m "gm`bg _arZa'Mm
_Zw~m~m hm AZwdmX, Wm_g hmS>u`m "_o`a Am\$
H$mQ>a[~O'da ~oVbobs "XwXds' hs H$mX~ar Ago
gmZo JwOtMo AZwdmX dmMV dmMH$m`m AZoH$
[nT>mZs AmZX bwQ>bm. dMm[aH$ nwVH$mMm
AZwdmXhs `mZs Ho$bm Am[U `mnH$s "X Q>moar
Am\$ y_Z aogg' `m hoar Wm_g`m _mZds
gH$VsMs H$Wm gmJUm`m nwVH$mMm
"_mZdOmVsMs H$Wm' d H$Um hmWs[gJ `mZs
[b[hbo`m [d[dY `$t`m AmR>dUtda AmYm[aV
"dwBW Zmo [aJoQ>gg'Mm "Zm IV Zm IoX' ho XmoZ
AZwdmX AmOhs dmMH$m_`o [` AmhoV.
XwJm ^mJdVmZm `m`m AmOmanUm`m
H$mimV `mM gmZo JwOtZs [b[hV Ho$b hmoV.
_hmamQ>mVsb [dXwfs hUyZ AmoiI Agbo`m
XwJm~mBZs _amR>sV Cm_ AZwdmX Ho$bo AmhoV.
A`V gdoXZesb _ZmZo Am[U Hw$VyhbmZo
OsdZmH$So> nmhV `m OJ`m Am[U OsdZmVb
gmX` MmIV `mZs V _ZmZo `m OJmMm [Zamon
KoVbm. XwJm~mBZs Ho$bo`m AZwdmXmnH$s VsZ
A`V _hdmMs nwVH$ hUOo, "OmVH$H$Wm',
"dmS>ZH$mR>s [dMma-[dhma' Am[U "~mUmMs
H$mX~ar.' ~m dmL>_`mMm A`mg H$aVmZm
dmMbo`m OmVH$H$Wm nmbs ^mfoVyZ _amR>sV
AmU`mMs oaUm `mZm Pmbs. _yi
"OmVH$>H$WmdUZm' `m nmbs ^mfoVsb JWm`m
BJOs AZwdmXmVsb wQ>s bjmV Am`mZo `mZs
A`V [OsZo hm H$n hmVs KoVbm Am[U VS>sg
Zobm. EHy$U 547nH$s 544 H$WmMm AZwdmX `mZs

OyZ-Owb 2011

75

Ad`m AS>sM dfm_`o nyU Ho$bm ho [deof. VsZ

OmVH$H$Wm had`m_wio `m AZwdm[XV hmoD$
eH$`m ZmhsV. H$Wm_Ysb n ^mJmMm AZwdmX
g_dmmV H$$Z `mZs `m H$WmMm _yi nmoV OnV ho
AZwdmX Ho$bo Am[U ~m Y_mes g~[YV gkm d
n[a^mfm B`mXt~b ~marH$gmarH$ Vnesbhs `m
AZwdmXmV `mZs [Xbm. A`mgH$mZm _moR>M
_mJXeZ `m_wio [_imb. hoar So>{hS> Wmoamo `m
[ZgJmes V_` ~Zbo`m A_o[aHo$Vsb
Vddo`m`m [MVZna boIZmMm AZwdmX XwJm~mBZs
Ho$bm Vmo Wmoamoes `mMs dV:Ms OsdZQ>s [_iV
hmoVs hUyZ. Wmoamo`m M[amMmhs AZwdmX `mZs
Ho$bm, Va WmoamoZo [b[hbo`m [MVZna AZw^dmMm
g_mdoe AgUma "dmS>Z' ho nwVH$ XwJm~mBZs
"dmS>ZH$mR>s [dMma-[dhma' `m ZmdmZo _amR>sV
AmUb. CH$Q> Aem H$m`_` b[bV
boIZmMm Vmo Z_wZm Amho. [Vga _hdmM
nwVH$ hUOo ~mU^> `m gH$V H$dsZo
[b[hbobs "H$mX~ar' ZmdmMs H$mX~ar.
[H$~hwZm ~mUm`m `m XsK J aMZod$ZM
AmYw[ZH$ gm[h`mVsb H$mX~ar `m
gm[h`H$mamM Zm_H$aU Pmb Amho.
H$mX~arMm AZwdmX hm EH$ _hmH$nM
hmoVm. gmV`m eVH$mVsb hs aMZm hUOo
Om`m`m $nmVbm MM Amho. A[Ve`
JwVmJwVsM H$WmZH$, noXma Am[U
g_mgMwa eXaMZmM Zho, Va dm`aMZm
Am[U bm[b`nyU ^mfmebs hs `m aMZoMs
d[eQ OnyZ hm AZwdmX XwJm~mBZs Ho$bm
Amho. nwS>[aH$, MmnsS>, denm`Z,
_hmdoVm Am[U H$mX~ar `m nmMs O_O_mVarMs
hs AX^wV H$hmUs Amho. hm AZwdmX Am[U
"ag_`s' hs `mMs VmdZm ho XwJm~mBZs Ho$bob
EH$ _hmZ H$m_ Amho.
_amR>sVbo kmZnsR>[dOoVo H$ds [dXm H$aXsH$a
`mZs A[aQ>mQ>bMo H$m`em, amOm [b`a,
A_VmZw^dmMo AdmMsZsH$aU, JQo>H$V \$mD$Q> Ago
AZwdmX Ho$bo. nH$s eog[nAa`m "[H$J
[b`aa'Mm "amOm [b`aa' hm AZwdmX H$aVmZm
`mZs Ho$bobo b`~ aMZmMo `moJ `m`m
[V^oMs gmj XoUmao AmhoV. AZwdmX hUOo
nwZ[Z[_Vs H$es AgVo `mMm `` H$aXsH$am`m
"amOm [b`aa'_`o `oVmo. _hmamQ>m`m gmH$[VH$
AdH$memV AT>i Ag WmZ [_idUm`m nw.b.
XoenmSo> `m`m AZwdmXmZshs bjUs` ^a _amR>s
gm[h`mV Q>mH$bs. AaZoQ> ho[_do`m "AmoS> _Z
AS> X gs' `m H$mX~arM `mZs Ho$bob "EH$m
H$mo[i`mZoo' ho ^mfmVa nwVH$m`m esfH$mnmgyZM

76 OyZ-Owb 2011

H$mhsg dmXmV gmnS>b. _m, `mZs _amR>sV

AmUbobs Vs \y$bamUs, VsZ nemMm V_mem, amOm
Amo`[Xnmg, gwXa _s hmoUma, A_bXma, EH$ PwO
dm`mes Aes $nmV[aV ZmQ>H$ AZwdmX-$nmVa
jomVbm _hdmMm Q>nm R>abs. ~Jmbs ^mfm
[eHy$Z `mZs ~JmbsVyZhs H$mhs AZwdmX Ho$bo.
gm\$bsO`m "B[S>ngg'Mm AZwdmXhs `mZs
~JmbsVsb e^y [_mZs Ho$bo`m AZwdmXmd$ZM
_amR>sV Ho$bm hmoVm. adsZmWm`m "No>bo~obm'Mm
`mZs Ho$bobm "nmoad`' hm AZwdmXhs [ZVmV gwXa
Amho. adsZmWm`m bhmZnUmVsb AmR>dUt_`o
Agbobs gVm Am[U [ZamJgVm nwb`m
AZwdmXmV Zo_Ho$nUmZo CVabs.
H$WmboIZmV Am[U H$[dVm`m jomV
Amnbs Aes N>mn Q>mH$Umao gXmZX aoJo dV: EH$

[ghV AZwdmXH$ hmoVo. `mZs H$[dVm, H$Wm,

H$mX~ar, ZmQ>H$ Ago AZoH$ AZwdmX Ho$bo.
Q>mBZ~oH$, _m`H$mohH$s, dmQ> {hQ>_Z, nmbmo
ZoXm Aem AZoH$mMs nwVH$ `mZs AZwdm[XV
Ho$bs. nwTo> Zmd}[O`Z ^mfm [eHy$Z `mZs BgoZ`m
"~mX'Mm AZwdmX WoQ> Zmd}[O`Z_YyZ Ho$bm.
"B[S>ngg'M "O`Ho$Vw' ho $nmVa Ho$b hmoV. _m,
gmar Zmd d BVa JmoQ>s ^maVs` nohamdmV
AmU`m_wio JsH$ nwamUH$WoVsb gX^ hadyZ
OmVmV ho bjmV Am`mda `mZs ZVa`m AmdmsV
`mo` Vmo ~Xb Ho$bm Am[U nmmMs _yi Zmdhs
H$m`_ Ro>dbs. OmO Amd}b`m "A[Z_b \$m_'Mm
"~S>' hm AZwdmXhs `mZs $nmVa H$$ZM Ho$bm.
`mV _m _yi Iw_mar hadbobs Zmhs.
mUsOsdZm`m $nH$mV Amd}bZo CS>dbobs
amOH$s` gmoMs Q>a ^maVs` n[adoemVsb
AZwdmXmVhs "ghs' dmQ>Vo. MH$dVu
amOJmonmbmMmat`m BJOsVsb AZwdm[XV

am_m`UmMm _amR>s AZwdmX H$aVmZm ao`mZs

g_nH$nUo gH$VMwa ^mfm `moObs Amho. naXoes
H$m`mMm `mZs Ho$bobm [dnwb AZwdmX ho `mM EH$
_hdmM `moJXmZ Amho.
ZmQ>H$H$ma [dO` V|Sw>bH$amZshs AZwdmXm`m
jomV _wem[\$ar Ho$bs hmoVs. nH$s [Jare H$ZmS>mM
"VwKbH$' Am[U _mohZ amHo$e `mM "AmYo AYyao'
`m ZmQ>H$mMm [deof CoI Amd`H$ Amho.
V|Sw>bH$amZs BVahs H$mhs ZmQ>H$, H$Wm, H$mX~`m
B.Mo AZwdmX Ho$bo. "VwKbH$'bm Agbobm
Eo[Vhm[gH$ ~mO Am[U "AmYo AYyao'Vbm amoO`m
`dhmamVbm _mhmb XmohsH$So> V|Sw> bH$amMs boIUs
`m` XoD$Z Jobs. emVm eoiHo$ `mZshs [d[dY
_m`_m_YyZ [bImU H$a`mMm AZw^d KoVbm
Am[U doJdoJ`m gm[h`H$mamMo AZwdmX Ho$bo.
"AmYis' hm hobZ Ho$ba`m M[amMm Va
"MmKsOUs' hm bwBPm _o AbH$mQ>`m
"[b[Q>b [d_oZ' d "JwS> dmBO' `m
H$mX~ar`mMm AZwdmX AmOhs dmMbm
OmVmo. H$m[bXmgm`m _oKXyVmMm `mZs
Ho$bobm AZwdmXhs gwXa Amho. n{M_m
[MnQ>H$WmMm AZwdmX Agbob `mM
"n{M_aJ' ho nwVH$hs AmdOyZ
dmM`mgmaI Amho.
[dmYa nwS>{bH$ `mZshs H$mhs
nwVH$ AZwdm[XV Ho$bs. `mnH$s Mmg
[S>H$g`m "A Qo>b Am\$ Qy> [gQ>sO'Mm
AZwdmX [deof CoIZs` Amho. \o$M
am`H$mVsMs nmd^y_s bm^bobs hs
_hmH$mX~ar `mZs gnyU d$nmV
AZwdm[XV Ho$bs. b[bV nwVH$m~amo~aM
nwS>[bH$mZs H$mhs g_mOems` JWhs _amR>sV
AmUbo. Amn`m H$[dVmZs _amR>s dmMH$mZm EH$
^wai KmVbo`m _Jmo nmS>JmdH$amZs ~aoM
AZwdmXhs Ho$bo AmhoV. AmnU \$$ H$[dVmM
[b[hUma Aes [VkmM `mZs EH$m Q>`mda Ho$bs
hmoVs. _m, AZwdmXm~m~V Ag H$moUVhs ~YZ
`mZs KmbyZ KoVb Zmhs. AWmVM H$m`mZwdmXhs
`mZs _moR>m _mUmda Ho$bo AmhoV.
eog[nAa`m ZmQ>H$mnmgyZ gJsV[df`H$
nwVH$mn`V Am[U JwOamVs H$[dVmnmgyZ _sam,
H$~sa, gyaXmgmgma`m gVH$dtnmgyZ ~m`~b`m
Z`m H$amamn`V ~hw[dY H$Vs `mZs AZwdm[XV
Ho$`m.
`m Am[U BVahs AZoH$ _amR>sV`m _moR>_moR>m
boIH$-H$dtZs AZwdmXm`m jomV _wem[\$ar Ho$bs
Amho. `m`m[V[a$ Ho$di AZwdmX H$aUmaohs ~aoM
OU AmhoV. _yi ^maVs` ^mfm_YyZ [H$dm BJOs-

[hXsd$Z _amR>sV AZwdmX H$aUm`mMs g`mhs

Iyn _moR>s Amho. AmOda _amR>sV Ambo`m [ZdS>H$
nwVH$mMm n[aM` dmMH$mZm Z$sM AmZX XoUmam
R>amdm. dfm AS>mbOm `m JwOamVsVsb
H$mX~arH$ma. `m`m "AUgma' `m Hw$R>amo`m`m
OsdZmdarb H$mX~arMm AZwdmX AOZs ZadUo `mZs
\$ma MmJbm Ho$bm Amho. Zm[`H$m $nm [hbm
Hw$R>amoJ hmoVmM [VM Am`w` H$g ~XbyZ OmV
Am[U [Vbm a`mda `md bmJV. `mZVaMs [VMs
dmQ>Mmb H$mX~arV eXm[H$V Pmbs Amho, Va
Hw$X[ZH$m H$nm[S>`m `mMs "gmV nJbm AmH$me_m'
hs sdmXs {Q>H$moZmVyZ [b[hbobs H$mX~ar ~arM
MM}V am[hbs, Vs `mVsb H$m[VH$mar Aem [dmohs
gwam_wio. H$mX~ar AmXedmXs d H$mhses H$[_
dmQ>Umar Agbs Var, _amR>sVhs [VMm Pmbobm Cfm
nwamo[hV `mZs Ho$bobm bjUs` AZwdmX bmoH$[`
R>abm hmoVm. Ys$~oZ nQo>b `mMs gm[h` AH$mX_s
nwaH$mam "AmJVwH$' hs H$mX~ar. `mV g`mgs
BemZbm Kar naVmd bmJV, `mZVaMm `mMm
AZw^d [M[V Ho$bm Amho. A[bnUo ^mdm`m
ggmamH$So> ~KUmam BemZ Am[U `mMs Am_emoY
KoUmar Am`m{_H$ dms `mM H$bm_H$ XeZ
Ys$~oZZs KS>db Amho. gwf_m H$amoJb `mZs
H$mX~arMm Cm_ AZwdmX Ho$bm Amho.
JwOamVsVsbM bo[IH$m Cfm eoR> `m dV:`m
[bImUmMm _amR>s AZwdmX dV:M H$aVmV. `m`m
"_`y _ar J`y'Mm "_mPs ZsVm' hm AZwdmX Iyn
JmObm hmoVm. `m`m _wbsbm Agm` amoJmes
PJS>md bmJb Am[U `mVM [VMm _`y Pmbm. `m
H$mimV [VZo XmIdbobs [O Am[U Ka`mZs
KoVbobm `m H$mimVbm AZw^d `mM _Zmok d
_Zmbm [^S>Uma [MU `m nwVH$mV `oV. Cfm eoR>
`m`m "AdZds' `m Am_na H$mX~arMm _amR>s
AZwdmXhs bdH$aM [g hmoUma Amho. [XZH$a
Omoes `mMs ~arM nwVH$ _amR>sV Ambs AmhoV.
`m`m "H$meZw nS>N>m`m' `m _hm_m JmYs Am[U
`mMm _wbJm h[abmb `m`mVsb _V^oX d
gKfmda AmYm[aV H$mX~arMm "H$memMs gmdbs'
hm {_Vm ^mJdV `mZs Ho$bobm AZwdmX A[V_
Amho, Va MH$mV ~jt`m nao[b[gg H$mX~arMm
_mohZ dohmi `mZs Ho$bobm AZwdmX bjUs` Amho.
njmKmV Pmbo`m Zm`H$m`m Am`w`m~bMs hs
H$mX~ar _mZds Zm`mda ^m` H$$Z OmUmar Amho.
H$S> gm[h{`H$ H$moQ>m [edam_ H$maV `m`m
H$mhs nwVH$mMm AZwdmX _amR>sV Pmbm Amho.
`mMs "_yH${O` H$ZgJbw' (_amR>sV "_yH$Os')
hs H$mX~ar ^maVs` gH$VsM mJ[Vhm[gH$
H$mimnmgyZ dV_mZ H$mimn`V`m _mZds

gH$VsM AZmoI XeZ KS>dUmar Amho.

Bdam~m~V`m _mUgm`m YmaUm, b[JH$Vm Aem
AZoH$ JmoQ>tMm doY KoUmar hs aMZm Amho.
_yH$m{~H$m hUOoM _yH$Os `m do`m
_m`_mVyZ H$maVmZs `m gm`m JmoQ>tda H$me
Q>mH$bm Amho. H$maVm_mUo S>m. Eg.Eb. ^anm
`mMs AZoH$ nwVH$ _amR>sV Ambs. `mnH$s "nd'
hs _hm^maVm`m nmd^y_sdaMs H$mX~ar [deof
bjUs` Amho. _hm^maVmMm EH$ Zdm Ad`mW
CbJS>Uma ho boIZ dmMH$mZm EH$ Zds Q>s XoV.
_hm^maVmVsb CmwJ `{$aoImMm emoY KoD$Z `mM
[MU dmVd d$nmV H$a`mMm `Z `mV `mZs

Ho$bm Amho. AmYw[ZH$ H$mimVsb g_mOems`

Am[U _mZddems` gH$nZm`m AmYmamZo
_hm^maVmMs nwZ[Z[_Vs "nd'_`o Pmbs Amho. S>m.
`y.Ama. AZV_yVu `mMs -gH$maa hs H$mX~ar
AesM EH$ _hdmMs H$Vs Amho. ~mUs gH$Vs,
H$_R>nUmVsb A`m`, H$mb~m MmbsarVs d $T>s
`mda Q>sH$m H$aUmar hs gm[h`H$Vs I`m
OsdZVdmMm emoY KoV Om`mMs oaUm
mUoemMm`mgma`m Y_Jw$bm H$es hmoVo `mMm
Vmio~X _mS>Vo. gwZsb JJmonm`m` `mMs "W_
Ambm' hs ~hH$mX~ar e^a dfmnydu KS>bo`m
KQ>Zm`m emoYmVyZ [~[Q>eH$mbsZ ~Jmb[nwam_Ysb ~XbV OmUm`m dmVdmMm emoY KoVo.
B[VhmgmVsb `{$aoIm [OdV hmoD$Z nmm`m
$nmZo dmMH$mg_moa `oVmV, `mV OJXseM ~mog,
[ddoH$mZX, BdaM [dmgmJa `m`mnmgyZ
adsZmW R>mHy$a, ~[H$_M, [Q>iH$ Aemn`V`m

db`m[H$V `$s Am[U gdgm_m` _mUyg

gm`mZmM H$doV KoUma boIZ Amho. _amR>sV
H$mX~arMm AZwdmX aOZm nmR>H$ `mZs Ho$bm AgyZ
Vmo A`V gdoXZesb, agdmmnyU Am[U b`Xma
ebsV CVabm Amho. ndZ d_m `mZs [b[hbob
^maVmVsb _`_dJm`m {WVsMm doY KoUma "X
JoQ> B[S>`Z [_S>b bmg' ho nwVH$ A[Ve` naIS>
Ag boIZ Amho. "Amnbm Wmoa _`_dJ' hm
`mMm AZwdmX [dlm_ Jwo `mZs Ho$bm Amho.
_`_dJmMm Iam Moham emoYVmZm `m`m
Moh`mdarb ~waIm \$mS>`mM H$m_ ndZ d_m `mZs
Ho$b Amho. AmOH$mb`m dmVdmM ^oXH$ Am[U
`WmW [MU H$aUma ho nwVH$ dmV`moma ^maVmMm
Zo_H$m boImOmoIm gmXa H$aV.
_amR>sV`m `m AZwdmX[ddmMs g\$a Aes
[ZaVa Mmby Amho. `m dmQo>da Omo a_bm `mbm
Zoh_sM H$mhs Zm H$mhs Zd [_iV amhsb. AbsH$So>
BJOsMm dmda d dmna Iyn dmT>bm Agbm Var
BJOsVyZ _amR>sV _moR>m _mUmda AZwdmX hmoV
AmhoV. _amR>sV Ago AZwdmX hmoV am[h`m_wio
_amR>sVb [bImU g_ Hw$Ro> hmoV, qH$dm _amR>sMm
`mV VmoQ>mM hmoVmo Agm EH$ _Vdmh hs [Xgy
bmJbm Amho. _m, Agm [dMma H$aU `mo` Zmhs.
CbQ> `m AZwdmXm_wio _amR>s dmMH$mbm Am[U
gm[h` d nwVH$[ddmbm Zd n[a_mU [_iV.
AZwdmXH$mbmhs AJXs Vmo dV: boIH$ Agbm
Var, [Z[_VsMm AmZX d gamd bm^Vmo. _amR>sVM
Zho, Va BVahs ^mfm_`o Zm_dV boIH$mZs
AZwdmXm`m jomV _ZmnmgyZ _wem[\$ar Ho$bm Amho.
AZwdmXm_wio `mZm Am[U `m`m [Z[_[Vj_Vobm
MmbZmM [_imbs Amho, Ag `m gm`mZsM Zm|XdyZ
Ro>db Amho. _amR>sV`m AZwdmXH$m`mMm hm
YmS>moim KoVmZm Pmbobm AmZX Am[U [_imbob
g_mYmZ IamoIaM oaH$ hmoV. BWo AZoH$ nwVH$mMm
CoI OmJo`m _`mXo_wio H$aVm Ambm Zmhs. Iyn
H$mhs AOyZ gmJ`mgmaI Amho. [Z` ZdsZ
AZwdm[XV nwVH$mMs ^a _amR>sV nS>Vo Amho.
^maVs` ^mfm_YyZ WoQ> nana AZwdmX hmo`mM
_mU AmUIs dmT>`mMs JaO Amho. AbsH$So>
doJdoJ`m H$m_m`m [Z[_mmZo d H$maUmgmR>s
_amR>s _mUyg _hmamQ>m~mhoa nydunojm OmV OmD$
bmJbm Amho. BVa ^mfmes Agbobs AmoiI d
gbJs `mZo AmUIs dmT>dbs Va AZwdmXm`m
jomV `mbm Iyn H$mhs H$aVm `o`mgmaI Amho.
AZwdmXmbm _hd XoD$Z d^mfobm AmUIs g_
H$a`mgmR>s Am[U `m`moJo gm_m[OH$ g_agVm d
nana gdmX dmT>d`mgmR>s `Z H$aUm`mMs
AmO _amR>sbmM Zho, Va gdM ^mfmZm JaO Amho.

OyZ-Owb 2011

77

[ZdS>H$ AZwdm[XV nwVH$

1.R>mHw$amMs ZmQ>H$
- adsZmW R>mHy$a
^m. [d. daoaH$a
- gm[h` AH$mX_s
2. X Q>moar Am\$ y_Z aog
- hoar Wm_g
_mZdOmVsMs H$Wm
- nm.g. gmZo - gmYZm H$meZ
3. dwBW Zmo [aJoQ>g
- H$Um hmWs[gJ
Zm IV Zm IoX
- nm.g. gmZo - Xoe_wI Am[U H$nZs
4. OmVH$>H$WmdUZm
- _yi nmbsVsb H$Wm
[gmWOmVH$
- XwJm ^mJdV - daXm ~wg
5. dmS>Z
- hoar So>{hS> Wmoamo
dmS>ZH$mR>s [dMma-[dhma
- XwJm ^mJdV - daXm ~wg
6. H$mX~ar
- ~mU^>
~mUmMs H$mX~ar
- XwJm ^mJdV - daXm ~wg
7. qH$J [b`a
- eog[nAa
amOm [b`a
- Jmo.[d. H$aXsH$a - _mO H$meZ
8. No>bo~obm
- adsZmW R>mHy$a
nmoad`
- nw.b. XoenmSo> - _mO H$meZ
9. A[Z_b \$m_
- OmO Amd}b
~S> - gXmZX aoJo
- _Zmoha JW_mbm
10. bsO Am\$ Jmg
- dmQ> {hQ>_Z
VUnU} - gXmZX aoJo
- nm`wba H$meZ
11. AmYo Yyao
- _mohZ amHo$e
AmYo AYyao
- [dO` V|Sw>bH$a - nm`wba H$meZ
12. [b[Q>b [d_oZ
- bwBPm _o AbH$mQ>
MmKsOUs
- emVm eoiHo$ - _Oo{Q>H$
13. A Qo>b Am\$ Qy> [gQ>sO - Mmg [S>H$g
A Qo>b Am\$ Qy> [gQ>sO
- [dmYa nwS>bsH$ - _ohVm n{b[eJ hmD$g
14. gyaXmg H$m`
gyaXmg - _Joe nmS>JmdH$a - _mO H$meZ
15. AUgma
- dfm AS>mbOm
AUgma
- AOZs ZadUo
16. gmV nJbm AmH$me_m
- Hw$X[ZH$m H$nm[S>`m
gmV nmD$bo AmH$mes
- Cfm nwamo[hV
17. AmJVwH$
- Ys$~oZ nQo>b
AmJVwH$
- gwf_m H$amoJb - gm[h` AH$mX_s
18. _`y _ar J`y
- Cfm eoR>
_mPs ZsVm
- Cfm eoR> - _Oo{Q>H$
19. H$meZw nS>N>m`m
H$memMs gmdbs
- {_Vm ^mJdV
20. nao[b[gg
- MH$mV ~js
nao[b[gg
- _mohZ dohmi
21. _yH${O` H$ZgJbw
- H$moQ>m [edam_ H$maV
_yH$Os - _sZm dmJsH$a
- H$m[Q>Z|Q>b H$meZ
22. nd
- S>m. Eg.Eb. ^anm
nd
- C_m Hw$bH$Uu
23. gH$ma
- `y.Ama. AZV_yVu
gH$ma
- a.em. bmoH$mnya
24. W_ Ambmo
- gwZsb JJmonm`m`
n[hbs OmJ
- aOZm nmR>H$ - gm[h`
AH$mX_s
25. X JoQ> B[S>`Z [_S>b bmg - ndZ d_m
Amnbm Wmoa _`_dJ
- [dlm_ Jwo
- bmoH$dmL>_` Jh
26. X Q>Zob Am\$ Q>mB_
- Ama.Ho$. b_U

78 OyZ-Owb 2011

b_Uaofm
- AemoH$ OZ - amOhg H$meZ
27. dmV`moma H$mimVsb ^maVs` H$[dVm
H$m`nd
- [ZaOZ COJao - _Oo{Q>H$
28. EPmoS>g
- [bAmZ `w[ag
EPmoS>g
- ~mi ^mJdV - _ohVm n{b[eJ hmD$g
29. a[e`Z H$Wm-H$WmVa
- S>m. gwZsVs XoenmSo> - _ohVm n{b[eJ hmD$g
30 nmQ> \$madS>
- boIZ-gH$bZ-Jmar am_Zmam`U
Am_M ~mbnU
- CH$m amD$V - amohZ H$meZ
31. ~m` Am\$ hmVm|So>
- gwaoZ AmnQo>
EH$ hmoVs ~m`
- [dZ`m IS>noH$a
32. X goH$S> gog
- gs_m X ~mohm
X goH$S> gog
- H$Um JmoIbo
33. X AHo$[_Q>
- nwbmo H$moEbmo
X AHo$[_Q>
- [ZVsZ H$mommno. nJYm H$meZ
34. H$Vwa~m
- A bmB\$ - AU JmYs
H$Vwa~m ebmH$m VoOmMs
- AemoH$ OZ - amohZ H$meZ
35. _Q>a Am\$ Q>mB_
- ees XoenmSo>
Aes H$midoi
- gamoO XoenmSo> - amohZ H$meZ
36. Anya nmMmbs
- g`[OV am`
Anya nmMmbs
- [dbmg JrVo - _o` H$meZ
37. H$WmZwdmX
- [d[dY H$WmH$ma
AR>am Ym`mM H$S>~moi
- [dwoIm AH$byOH$a
38. [ddoH$mZXmMo boI
AkmV [ddoH$mZX
- _Um[bZs JS>H$ar
39. H$[bH$Wm
- hm`m ~m`nmg - AbH$m gamdJs
H$[bH$Wm : hm`m ~m`nmg
- O`H$me gmdV
40. H$m~wbsdmbma ~mJbm ~m - gw{_Vm ~ZOu
H$m~wbsdm`mMs ~Jmbs ~m`H$mo
41. ~mobmo _mYds
- S>m. MH$me Xodb
~mob _mYds
- Amgmdar H$mH$So> - amOhg H$meZ
42. A[_Zm
- _moh_X C_a
A[_Zm
- CX` [^So> - _ohVm n{b[eJ hmD$g
43. _mbJwS>s So>O
- Ama.Ho$. Zmam`U
_mbJwS>s So>O
- _YwH$a Y_mnwarH$a - gmHo$V
44. AYboIm XVmdoO
- B[Xam Jmodm_s
AYu_wYu H$hmUs
- AMZm [_aOH$a
45. Am_ma _o`o~obm
- V{b_m Zg[aZ
_mP Hw$dmanU
- _Um[bZs JS>H$ar
46. bm\o$_s
- Vh[_Z XwamUs
bm\o$_s
- ^maVs nmSo> - _ohVm
47. _Q>mo hm[Oa hmo
- gAmXV hgZ _Q>mo
_Q>mo hm[Oa hmo
- MH$mV ^m|Omi
48. dmBO AS> AmXadmBO - gwYm _yVu
dmBO AS> AmXadmBO
- bsZm gmohZr - _ohVm
49. ^maVs` H$Wm H$WmH$ma - AaqdX JmoIbo
50. hOma Mwam[ea _m
- _hmdoVmXods
hOma Mwam[ea _m
- AUm OwdoH$a
- Aja H$meZ

gnH$ : 9820479688
B-ob : nandini.atma@ gmail.com

dm

dmMZ hm `mMm `mMm Z

MZ hm `mMm `mMm Z Amho. H$m`

dmMm`M, H$g dmMm`M ho `mM `mZ
R>adm`M AgV. dmMUm`mbm
dmMZmVyZ H$m` [_idm`M AgV, H$m` [_iV
AgV `mMhs J[UV `oH$ dmMH$mZwgma ~XbV.
AU H$mobQ>H$a, [dO` V|Sw>bH$a ho XmoZ O~ar
dmMUma. Vo H$mhshs dmMV AgV, H$moUVmhs
[df`. gbyZ_`o Ho$g H$mnm`bm Jobo Va [VW
Qo>~bmda nS>bobs [H$`oH$ df} OwZs _JPsghs Vo
CMbyZ o_mZ _Z bmdyZ dmMV. XmoKmMs S>moH$s
Xmhs [XemZs [_iob Vs _m[hVs, kmZ [_idm`bm
CgwH$ AgV.
`{$e: _s Hw$R>bs Var [Xem [Z{MV H$$Z
dmMVmo. nwVH$ [bhm`M AgV. boI [bhm`Mm
AgVmo. ^mfU H$am`M AgV. `mgmR>s [df`
R>abobm AgVmo. `m [df`mda nwVH$,
[Z`VH$m[bH$, H$mU Jmoim H$aVmo, `mM dmMZ
H$aVmo. Am[\$H$m hm [df` Agob Va Am[\$H$m `m
[df`mda am`em, AWem, Y_, gH$Vs
Aem AZoH$ AJmZ [b[hbobs nwVH$ _s dmMVmo.
Am[\$H$Z H$Wm-H$mX~ar dmMVmo. Am[\$H$m `m
[df`mdaMo [gZo_ohs nmhVmo. _OwH$amMm \$m_ _bm
`m AWmZ _hdmMm ZgVmo, `m _OHw$amVyZ _bm
H$m` [_iV Vo _hdmM AgV.
gm[h` _s H$_s dmMVmo, dmMVmo Vohs [df`m`m
AJmZ.
~hwVoH$ dmMZ _s nwVH$mda IwUm H$$Z,
[dfm`mdaMs [Q>nU KoV KoV H$aVmo. ~hwVoH$ nwVH$
_s XmoZXm Var dmMVmo. n[hb dmMZ ^am^a AgV,
IwUm H$aV Ho$bob AgV. Xwga dmMZ A[YH$
H$miOsnydH$ Am[U [ZdS>bobm ^mJ dmM`mgmR>s
AgV. dadaM dmMZ _s H$aV Zmhs.
H$a_UyH$ hs JmoQ> _m`m OsdZmV H$_s
_hdmMs Amho. kmZ Am[U _m[hVs `m XmoZ JmoQ>s
_bm _hMm`m dmQ>VmV. Xmohs JmoQ>s [_id`mV
_bm ^anya AmZX [_iV Ag`mZ H$a_UwH$sgmR>s
doJi H$mhs H$a`mMs JaO \$maes ^mgV Zmhs.
_mP ZdX Q>`mnojm OmV dmMZ BJOsV
Amho. H$maU, _m`m H$m_mgmR>s dmMZmgmR>s
[ZdS>bo`m [df`mda _amR>sV nwVH$ ZmhsV.
AgVmV Vs dadaMs AgVmV, OwZs AgVmV.
AJXs VmOs, gdmJneu Am[U A`mgnyU Aes
nwVH$ BJOsV gmnS>VmV, _amR>sV gmnS>V ZmhsV.
_amR>s ^mfm, _amR>s OJU Og Amho `mVyZ hs
_`mXm [Z_mU Pmbs Amho.
nwVH$mMs [ZdS> _m`m dmMZ-AZw^dmVyZ

Ambobs Amho.
gnmXH$mZs e^a dfmVbs nwVH$ [ZdS>mdsV
Ag gwMdb Amho. BVH$ _mJ Om`M H$maU Zmhs.
Jo`m 10 dfmVbs nwVH$M Iyn Pmbs. `mM
H$maU kmZ Odi Odi Xadfu [ei hmoV AgV.
gm[h` Am[U gm[h`~m Aem Xmohs H$ma`m
_OHw$am`m ~m~V ho Ia Amho. Xhm-dsg dfmnydu`m JmoQ>s _moO`mM g`o`m A`mgH$mgmR>s
AgVmV, `mMm Cn`moJ \$ma _`m[XV AgVmo.
`w[P`_M Oo WmZ g_mOm_`o AgV Vo 10
dfmnyduMs nwVH$ Am[U [dMmam`m ~m~VsV
AgV.

[Ziy Xm_bo
Jo`m Xhm EH$ dfm`m H$mimV AZw^dbob
Am[U g_moa Ambob OJ _m`m [dMmamM Am[U
[bImUmM b` hmoV. Y_, gH$Vs, [dkmZ Am[U

VkmZ ho _m`m A`mgmMo Am[U [bImUmMo

_wI [df` hmoVo. [df` g_OyZ Ko`mgmR>s
[df`mMs `ms g_OyZ Ko`mgmR>s, [df`mdaMs
[d[dY _V_VmVa g_OyZ Ko`mgmR>s, _s
[dMmanydH$ nwVH$mMs [ZdS> Ho$bs. _mPo dmMZ[_
Am[U H$mhs [Z`VH$m[bH$ `m`m _XVsZ _s nwVH$
[ZdS>bs. Xs BH$mZm[_Q>, bS>Z [ay Am\$ ~wg,
`y`mH$ [ay Am\$ ~wg, `y`mH$a, Ab So>bs `m

_m`_m_`o Xa AmR>dS>mbm [d[dY nwVH$mMo

gX^ `oVmV. narjU Am[U boIm_`o dmnabobm
gX^ `m XmoZ $nmV. doimodois nwVH$m`m XwH$mZmV
M$a _maVmZm AMmZH$ AZoH$ nwVH$ hmVmes
bmJbs.
_s dmMbobs, CoI Ho$bobs nwVH$ JmObobs
AmhoV. `m Zm `m $nmV `m nwVH$mda ^anya MMm
Pmbobs Amho, `mMo CoI doimodois Pmbobo
AmhoV. ~`mM nwVH$mMo boIH$ `m `m
[df`mdaMo OmUH$ma AmhoV.
nwVH$mMs Zmd gwMbs Ves AmhoV. [df`
_hd, boIH$ Aes H$moUVshs H$gmoQ>s Zmhs.
1. go{\$e Osg. [aMS> S>m[H$g. Osg hm
_yi KQ>H$ _mZyZ CH$mVs `m KQ>ZmH$_mM {dcofU
[aMS> S>m[H$g `m dkm[ZH$mZ Ho$b Amho. OJ`mMs
YS>nS> Osg H$aVmV. `m YS>nS>sVyZ [Q>H$mD$ Osg
V`ma hmoVmV Am[U `m Osgda ZVaMm Osd V`ma
hmoV AgVmo Agm hm [gmV Amho. [df` dkm[ZH$
Amho; nU, JmoQ>sgmaIm _mS>bm Amho. 2006
gmbs nwVH$mMs 25ds Amdms [ZKmbs. `oH$
AmdmsV boIH$ [df`m`m ~m~VsV Pmbobo Zdo
[dMma Am[U gemoYZ _mS>Vmo.
2. Xs JmS> So>`wOZ. [aMS> S>m[H$g. na_oda ho
EH$ WmoVmS> Amho, Agm [gmV boIH$mZ _mS>bobm
Amho. go{\$e Osg [b[hUm`m boIH$mMM ho
Xwg`m Q>moH$m`m [df`mdaM nwVH$ go{\$e Osg
BVH$M JmOV Amho. nwVH$ Y_mMm nwZ[dMma
H$am`bm bmdV.
3. Xs hmob AW [S>gsbsZ. Qw>AQ> ~S>. AUy
hQ>`mda _mUgmMm WaH$mn CS>Vmo. [hamo[e_m
ZmJmgmH$s, MoZm}[~b Am[U AmVm \w$Hw$[e_m
S>mo`mg_moa `oV. ZH$mo Vmo AUyMm Cn`moJ Aes
Amnbs [V[H$`m AgVo. Qw>AQ> ~S> AUyMm dmna
D$Om [Z[_VsgmR>s Ho$bm nm[hOo, Agm AmJh
YaVmV. AUyMs D$Om gwa[jV Amho, [Znds
Amho, [ZgJ[_ Amho, Ag ~S> `m nwVH$mV
_mS>VmV. _mS>Usbm Vm`m gemoYZmMm AmYma
XoVmV. \w$Hw$[e_m hmo`m`m AmYsM ho nwVH$
dmM`mZVa dmQy> eH$V.
4. Q>m S>mO. OmZ Jo. OmZ Jo ho Vm`m X_mMo
VdkmZs AmhoV. _mZds `dhmamM (`mV
amOH$maU Am[U Y_hs Ambo) [ddoMZ Vo H$aVmV.
Jo Am[U `mMo [dMma dmXJV AmhoV. `m nwVH$mV
[ZgJ o_i dJao Zmhs, Ag Jo hUVmV. OJmV`m
[d[dY Y_m_`o [ZgJmM WmZ H$m` Amho Vo `m
nwVH$mV Vnmgbob Amho. [Vs Am[U Bbm_

OyZ-Owb 2011

79

Y_mnojm [hXy Y_mV [ZgJmMm g_Vmob [dMma

Pmbm Amho, Ag boIH$mZ hQ>b Amho.
5. o. _m`Ho$b [H$Q>Z. AmYw[ZH$ VkmZmda
AmYmabobs H$mX~ar. [d[eQ> gmQ>doAa dmn$Z
~Qo>[a`m`m Osg_`o ~Xb H$aVm `oVmo,
~Qo>[a`mbm EH$mX [d[eQ> H$m_ [Xb OmV, Ago
AJ[UV ~Qo>[a`m EH$ Ambo H$s EH$m
m`mgmaI, B[`mgmaIo dmJVmV Aem
[gmVmMm dmna H$$Z H$mhs ~Qo>[a`m V`ma Ho$bo
OmVmV. naVw, ho ~Qo>[a`m `mZm [Xbo`m
H$m_mnojm doJioM CmoJ H$$ bmJ`mda hmhmH$ma
_mOVmo. `wam[gH$ nmH$ hs H$mX~arhs `mM
boIH$mMs Amho.
6. ~o[H$~ Xs nob. S>[Z`b So>ZoQ>. na_oda `m
H$nZoZ AmnU nN>mS>bobo AmhmoV. ^mabobo
AmhmoV. ho ^mabonU H$_s H$$Z na_odamH$S>
mMsZ _mUgmgmaI Z nmhmVm AmYw[ZH$
_mUgmgmaI nmhm, Ag So>ZoQ> gmJVmV. So>ZoQ> ho
VdkmZs AmhoV. ~mOmamV`m dVy, [ejH$,
nmobsg B`mXs `oH$mH$S> AmnU Og {deof
ZOaoZ nmhVmo, `oH$mMo JwUXmof nmhVmo, \$m`Xo VmoQo>
nmhVmo, VemM arVsZ na_odamH$S> nmhmd Ag
boIH$ gwMdVmo. boIH$ dmMH$mZm Zm{VH$ H$$
B{N>V Zmhs; nU, Oa EH$mXm _mUyg Zm{VH$
Pmbm Va `mVyZ `mM ZwH$gmZ hmoUma Zmhs,
Pm`mg Vmo A[YH$ gwIsM hmoBb Aem WmQ>mV
boIH$ Jnm`m ebsV dmMH$mes ~mobVmoo.
7. \y$S> ~m` aS>_Zog. Zgs_ [ZH$bg
Vmbo~. \$m`Zmg, BdoQ>_|Q>, _mH}$Q> `m jom~b
Vmbo~ `m nwVH$mV ~mobVmV. _`Var A_o[aH$Z
~mOma H$mogibm. `m dois `m nwVH$mV _mS>bo`m
[gmVm`m AmYmaoM hUmbo H$s, A_o[aH$Z
~H$gZm VwJmV Q>mH$b nm[hOo; H$maU, `mZs
OZVo`m nemMm OwJma _mS>bm. Amo~m_m ~H$gMo
Jwho _m\$ H$$Z `mMs gwQ>H$m H$a`mgmR>s gaH$mar
ngm JwVdV hmoVo Am[U Vmbo~ Q>shsda`m
H$m`H$_m_YyZ ~H$gZm bmWm Kmbm, Ag hUV
hmoVo. `dhmamV AZno[jVVm (Zes~) KQ>H$
AgVmo. [H$Vshs A`mg Am[U ngm dmnabm Var
AZno[jVVm Ho$hm Q>mJ _maVo Vo gmJVm `oV Zmhs.
hUyZ `$s Am[U gWmZs Zoh_s `dhma
H$aVmZm, YmoH$m nH$aVmZm H$mhs _mUmV
gwa[jVVoMs H$miOs KoVbs nm[hOo, Agm Vmbo~Mm
[gmV Amho. g`mM hm` \$m`ZmgM OJ Vmbo~
`mZs JmoQ>sgmaI _mS>b Amho.
8. arqS>J bmo[bVm BZ BamU. APa Z[\$gs `m
BJOs`m BamUs mo\o$ga. Imo_oZs `mM am` Mmby
AgVmZm `m VohamZ [dd[dmb`mV bmo[bVm, JoQ>

80 OyZ-Owb 2011

JQ>g~s, mBS> AS> o`w[S>g `m H$mX~`m

[eH$dsV. `m H$mX~`m Bbm_[damoYs AmhoV,
Ag Imo_oZs `mM _V hmoV. `m_wi `m
[eH$dm`bm nadmZJs ZhVs. Bbm__Y`m `m
H$nZm_wi Bbm_s OJ A[^OmV gm[h`mbm
_wH$V, Ag Z[\$gs `mM _V hmoV. hUyZ `m H$mhs
[ZdS>H$ [dm[WZtZm `m H$mX~`m H$mhsem Mmo$Z
Kar [eH$dsV. Vmo gJim AZw^d `m nwVH$mV
Amho. BamU_Yb amOH$s` dmVmdaU, [VWbm
g_mO B`mXs JmoQ>s `mVyZ H$iVmV.

9. AS>aJmD$S>. hmH$s _wamH$m_s.

Q>mo[H$`moV`m ^w`mar aodo_`o [dfmar Jg gmoSy>Z
_mUg _ma`mMm KmVnmVs `Z Pmbm. `m
KQ>ZoMm _wamH$m_s `m H$mX~arH$mamZ nH$mar arVsZ
[b[hbobm [MVZ dmmV.
10. BZ\$m`So>b. A`mZ [hags Abs. A`mZ
[hags Abs hs gmo_mbs _[hbm. [V`m XoemV
[V`mda A`mMma Pmbo. ~bmH$ma Pmbo.
Bbm_s MmH$Q>s_V`o OJU [Vbm Ae` Pmb.
Vs nimbs. `wamonmV Jobs. [VW [VZ Bbm_ Y_mMs
H$S>H$S>sV [M{H$gm Ho$bs. Bbm_s [OhmXs [Vbm
_mam`bm [ZKmbo. Vs A_o[aHo$V Aml`mbm Jobs.
[VZ [b[hbob ho Am_M[a.
11. \$m_ H$mD$Q>a H$Ma Qw> gm`~a H$Ma.
\o$S> Q>Za. 1960 ZVa A_o[aH$Z VU [nT>sZ ~S>
Ho$b. A_o[aHo$V`m Wm[nV gaH$ma, g_mO,
AW`dWm B`mXt[damoYmV. ~S>ImoamV [hns
hmoVo, ^UJ hmoVo, _mXH$gods hmoVo. nU, `mV

~w[_mZ Vk Am[U [H$`o[Q>h H$bmH$mahs hmoVo.

`mM ~S>mV`m H$m`wQ>a VkmZs Am[U
H$bmH$mamZs AmOM H$m`wQ>aM OJ, H$m`wQ>a
Am[U BQ>aZoQ> VkmZ C^ Ho$b. hm dmg nwVH$mV
_mS>bobm Amho.
12. ES> Am\$ g\$[aJ. nH$O [_l. ^JdmZ
~wmda H$mX~ar [b[h`m`m CoemZ boIH$ dsg
nMdsg df OJ^a [hS>bm. _Y`m H$mimV `mZ
dmV` Am[U `dgm` ~Xbbo. eodQ>s H$mX~ar
amhyZ Jobs, ~w Am[U Y_ `m [df`mda boIH$mZ
ho nwVH$ [b[hb.
13. Xs ZoMa Am\$ Qo>ZmbmOs. hmQ> BQ> BO
AS> hmD$ BQ> dg. S>`y ~m`Z AmWa. boIH$
B[OZrAa Am[U AWem `m XmoZ [df`mMm
m`mnH$ Amho. AWem ho V[dkmZ Amho Ag
boIH$mM hUU Amho. V[dkmZ H$g [Z_mU
Am[U [dH$[gV Pmb Vo boIH$mZ nwVH$mV [b[hb
Amho. 14. OZu Am\$ E Ho${Q>H$b _wbs_,
So>naoQ>bs gs[H$J namS>mBO. boIH$mMo AmB dS>sb
nm[H$VmZs AmhoV. boIH$ BbS>_`o dmT>bobm
n$m [~[Q>e Amho. [d_mZ Kmb_obsV`m
Bbm_s OJmMm doY boIH$ KoVmo. Bbm_s _mUyg
gwIs Pmbm nm[hOo `m AmoT>sZ Vmo gwImMm-dJmMm
emoY KoV [hS>Vmo. hm emoY KoVmZm OJmV`m
_hdm`m Bbm_s XoemV boIH$mbm Ambobo
AZw^d `m nwVH$mV AmhoV.
15. dmBS> dmg. OwJ MJ. _mAmo go VwJ
`m`m H$ma{H$XuV`m Kmb_obsV dmT>bo`m EH$m
sM Am`w` [V`m ZmVsZ `m nwVH$mV [MVmab
Amho. [MZs g_mOmM WoQ> AmVb [MU nwVH$mV
Amho. _mAmo go VwJ Am[U `mMs H$mVs ~mho$Z
Oes [XgVo `mnojm doJi Am[U [dnarV XeZ `m
nwVH$mVyZ KS>V.
16. be [d[XZ. _mWm Zg~m_. bo[IH$m
A_o[aH$Z `y Amho. Y_ Am[U gH$Vs hm
bo[IHo$Mm A`mgmMm [df` Amho. ^maV Am[U
[hXy gH$Vs-Y_m`m o_mV nSy>Z `mZs ^maVmV
AZoH$ df} dmV` Ho$b. `mZs [hXy gH$VsMm
A`mg Ho$bm. [hXy g_mOmVbs g`mMs AdWm
bo[IHo$bm H$m Xw:Is H$aVo Vo ho nwVH$ dmM`mZVa
bjmV `oV.
17. Xs [bhg Am\$ [aMog. Qo>Zmbm[OH$b
[H$E[Q>[dQ>s AS> BH$mZm[_H$ moJog. boIH$ OmoEb
_mo[H$a. nwVH$mV _mZds gH$VsMm EH$ YmdVm
B[Vhmg boIH$mZ _mS>bm Amho. V[dkmZ,
AW`dWm, gH$Vs Aem [Vhs JmoQ>s boIH$mZ
EH$ Jw\$`m AmhoV. g_mOmMm Am[WH$ [dH$mg
H$gm hmoVmo Vo `m nwVH$mVyZ g_OV.

18. Xs qg`wb[aQ>s BO [Z`a. ao Hw$Pdob.

boIH$ EH$ Vk Am[U CmoJs Amho. _m[hVs
VkmZm`m [dH$mgmMm ZH$mem `m nwVH$mV
boIH$mZ _mS>bm Amho. _mZds eara hohs _m[hVs
Am[U gmQ>doAaMm EH$ _hmgM` Amho. _mZds
eara H$g MmbV `mMs _m[hVs AmVm hmVmes
Ambs Amho. V[dkmZmMm dmna H$$Z _mUyg
Odinmg A_a Am[U gXmZXs H$aVm `oBb Ag
boIH$ nwVH$mV Vn[ebmV _mS>Vmo.
19. B_m_ AS> B[S>`Z. A[_Vm^ Kmof ho
_mZddeemk AmhoV. 1986 Vo 2002 `m
H$mimV Vo A`mgm`m [Z[_mmZ H$~mo[S>`m,

nwVH$m`m bmImo Vs InV AmhoV, boIH$mbm

R>ma _ma`m`m Y_`m Am[U hma Kmb`mMs
[Z_U IyZ `oV AmhoV.
nwVH$m`m Zmdmd$Z Am[U boIH$m`m
Zmdmd$Z nwVH$mMo Vnesb A_oPmZ S>mQ> H$m_
[H$dm {bn H$mQ> (amazon.com,
flipkart.com) `m nmoQ>bda [_iVsb. Xmohs
nmoQ>bd$Z nwVH$ Ho$[S>Q> H$mS>Mm Cn`moJ H$$Z
[dH$V KoVm `oVmV.
gnH$ : 9820971567
B-ob : damlenilkanth@gmail.com

[dkmZgm[h`mM `moJXmZ

kmZmVsb [Z`ZyVZ Am[dH$ma Am[U

`mMm ^md `moJemionwaVoM _`m[XV
ZgVmV. `mMm gm_m`OZm`m
Am`w`mda H$iV ZH$iV n[aUm_
hmoVM AgVmo. AbsH$S>`m H$mimV Va Vmo A[YH$
H$fmZ OmUdV Amho. `m_wi gdgm_m`mZm
AmH$bZ hmoBb VgM `mZm AmH$[fV H$aob Aem
gw~moY Am[U mgm[XH$ ebsVsb [dkmZ[df`H$
boIZmMs JaO ^mgy bmJbs hmoVsM. `mVyZM
[dkmZgm[h`mMm O_ Pmbm.
[dkmZgm[h`mMo XmoZ _wI dmh AmhoV.
dMm[aH$ qH$dm _m[hVsna dmL>_` Am[U BJOsV
gm`g [\$eZ `m ZmdmZ AmoiIbm OmUmam
b[bV [dkmZmMm dmh. n[h`m dmhmV ZdZdsZ
dkm[ZH$ Am[dH$mamM d$n, `mVyZ [dH$[gV
Pmbo`m Z`m gH$nZm Am[U `mMo g_mOmda
hmoUmao g^m` n[aUm_ `m`m[df`sMs _m[hVs
Amd`H$ [VVH$mM Vm[H$ Vnesb XoD$Z Am[U
XaamoO`m OsdZmVsb XmIbo XoV gmXa H$a`mMs
YS>nS> AgVo. ho boIZ gw~moY H$a`mgmR>s AZoH$
ebtMm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. `mVsb H$mhs
b[bV[Z~YmM $nhs YmaU H$aV. `m dois Vo
gm[h`m`m _yi dmhm`m Odi `oVmV. Varhs
dV:M EH$ doJionU amIyZ AgVmV. gwdmVs`m
H$mimV hm dmhM m_w`mZ Wm[nV Pmbm
hmoVm.
`m H$mimV gm[h`m`m _yi dmhmVhs ZdZdo
`moJ hmoV hmoVo. ZdH$Wm, ZdH$[dVm `mMm doe
Va Pmbm hmoVmM; nU, [df`mM d[d`hs [dVmaV
hmoV. dMm[aH$ boIZhs j WmQ>mV gmXa H$a`mMs
JaO Zmhs ho AZoH$ boIH$mZs Amn`m gm[h`mVyZ

[d

B[O, [V~oQ> B`mXs [R>H$mUs [hS>bo.

A`mgmgmR>s Ho$bobs [ZarjU Am[U dmgmV
\w$abobo [dMma `m`m Zm|Xs `m nwVH$mV AmhoV.
~_m Zmdm`m EH$m AkmV Jwbm_mMm
ah`H$WogmaIm KoVbobm emoY EH$m [Z~YmV
_mS>bm Amho. `md$Z 12`m eVH$mV`m
^maVmM XeZ KS>V.
20. ES> Am\$ \o$W. [absOZ, Qo>aa AS> `wMa
Am\$ arPZ. g_ h[ag. Y_ Am[U Xod ho [gmV,
`dhma Aem Xmohs JmoQ>tMs Q>moH$Xma [M[H$gm `m
nwVH$mV Amho. [Vs, Bbm_ `m XmoZ Y_mMs
gOZ H$aVmo Ves Msa\$mS> nwVH$mV Amho.

XmIdyZ [Xb hmoV. dMm[aH$ [dkmZgm[h`mMs `m boIZmM dmJVM Pmb. nU, `mMm gma
JVshs `mM _mJmd$Z hmoV hmoVs. gQ>skmZ, Varhs ~hwVme ehar C[e[jVmnwaVm _`m[XVM
C_ `mgma`m [Z`VH$m[bH$m_YyZ dMm[aH$ am[hbm. [edm` ho gm[h` _w`do [dkmZ[df`H$
[Z`VH$m[bH$m_`oM H$m[eV hmoV Ag`mZhs
dmMH$dJ _`m[XV am[hbm.
_hmamQ> am`m`m WmnZo`m Amgnmg `m
n[a{WVsV ~Xb hm`bm gwdmV Pmbs. EH$Va
dV_mZnm_YyZhs dMm[aH$ [dkmZgm[h`mbm
WmZ [_iy bmJb. `m_wi `mMm dmMH$dJ
dmT>bm. Zm_dV _hm[dmb`m_Ysb n._. ~d},
[M.ls. H$d}, Zm.dm. H$moJoH$a `m`mgmaIo
m`mnH$ [dkmZboIZmgmR>s nwTo gagmdbo.
^m[VH$em, agm`Zem `m`m_Ysb {bQ>
gkm gw~moY ^mfoV gmXa H$a`mg `mZs gwdmV
Ho$bs. `mMdois WmnZ Pmbo`m am` gm[h`
gH$Vs _S>imZohs [dkmZgm[h`mM H$meZ
H$a`mg gwdmV Ho$bs. Vmoda H$m[eV hmoUm`m
\w$Q>H$i boIm~amo~aM AmVm nwVHo$ H$m[eV
hmo`mg gwdmV Pmbs. \w$Q> boImMo gJh qH$dm
EImm [df`mbm Y$Z [b[hbobm bKwJW Ag `m
nwVH$mM d$n am[hb. BVa boIH$hs nwTo> Ambo.
gm[h` gH$Vs _S>imV\}$ [X`m OmUm`m am`
gm[h` nwaH$mamMm _mZhs `m boIH$mZm [_iy
S>m. ~mi \$m|S>Ho$
bmJbm. dMm[aH$ [dkmZgm[h`mMm dj \$mo\$mdy
[dkmZ gm[h`m`m H$meZmbm dmd [_iV hmoVm. bmJbm.
Varhs b[bV [dkmZ gm[h` A^mdmZM
naVw, `mMs ebs AOyZhs nman[aH$M am[hbs
hmoVs. Img H$$Z AZoH$ dkm[ZH$ gkmgmR>s AmT>iV hmoV. `mM _w` H$maU hUOo gnmXH$,
dmna`mV `oUmao _amR>s [VeX gH$VM ~moQ> H$meH$ Am[U dmMH$hs `m gm[h`m~m~V gnyU
Y$Z `oUmao hmoVo. dm`aMZmhs Ow`m dmL>_`mMs AZ[^k hmoVo. ^m.am. ^mJdV, X.nm. Im~oQo>
H$mg gmoS>m`bm V`ma ZhVs. AWmV, `m `m`mgma`mZs [MH$mQ>sZ `yb hZ, EM.Os.
H$mi`m dmMH$dJmbmhs `mM dmdS> Zg`m_wi dog `m`mgma`m`m [dkmZgm[h`mMm Cm_

OyZ-Owb 2011

81

AZwdmX H$$Z dmMH$mZm `mMs JmoS>s bmdm`bm

gwdmV Ho$bs hmoVs. `m gm[h`mV`m _w`do
AX^wV agmnm`s `mMs JUZm ~mbgm[h`mV hmoV
hmoVs. hshs `m gm[h`m`m gmam~m~VMs EH$
AS>MU hmoVs. Zdb, ah`aOZ, YZO` `mgma`m
[Z`VH$m[bH$mZs `m H$ma`m Cno[jV gm[h`mM
AmdOyZ H$meZ H$am`Mm n[anmR> Ro>dbm hmoVm.
`m_wi ZdZdsZ boIH$ nwT> `oV hmoVo.
`m n[a{WVsV _hdmMm \$aH$ nS>bm Vmo
1975`m gw_mamg. _amR>s [dkmZ n[afXoZ `m
gw_mamg [dkmZH$Wm nYm Am`mo[OV H$amd`mg
gwdmV Ho$bs. `mV Zm.[d. OJVmn `mZm W_
nm[aVmo[fH$ [_imbo. nwaH$ma Ko`mgmR>s Oohm
[dOoVm nwTo> Ambm `m dois Vo Q>monUZmd AgyZ,
`mV IJmobemk O`V ZmaisH$a hoM `m H$WoMo
boIH$ Ag`mMo nQ> Pmbo. `mZshs `mZVa
Omo_mZ [dkmZH$Wm [b[h`mg gwdmV Ho$bs.
_m`da _m[gH$m_YyZ `m H$m[eV hmoD$ bmJ`m.
[Xdmis AH$m_`ohs `mZm WmZ [_iy bmJbo.
`mM dfu Pmbo`m gm[h` g_obZm`m A`jnXs
Agbo`m XwJm~mB ^mJdVmZs `m ZdsZ
gm[h`H$mamMs AmdOyZ XIb KoVbs. EdTo>M
Zmhs, Va hm ^[d`mVsb gm[h`mMm _yi dmh
Ag`mMs ^bmdUhs Ho$bs.
VohmnmgyZ [dkmZH$WmH$So> nmh`mMm gdmMm
{Q>H$moZM ~XbyZ Jobm. hm Ho$di Aao[~`Z
ZmBQ>ggma`m H$nZma` gm[h`mMm AmYw[ZH$
AdVma Zmhs `mMs OmUsd Oy bmJbs. Vmoda
[dkmZH$Wm hUOo [dkmZmVsb AdKS> _o`
g_OmdyZ gmJ`mgmR>s KoVbobm H$WmMm AmYma
AesM `m gm[h`H$mamMs AmoiI H$$Z [Xbs
OmV hmoVs. Vs ~Xby bmJbs. gnmXH$, H$meH$
Am[U dmMH$ `m gm[h`H$mamH$So> W_
Hw$VyhbmnmoQ>s dibo. nU, `mZVa `mMs JmoS>s dmTy>
bmJbs. `mMm EH$ Img dmMH$dJ V`ma hmoD$
bmJbm. [dkmZH$mX~ar, [dkmZH$WmgJh `mM
H$meZ hmoD$ bmJb. gnmXH$ AmdOyZ
[dkmZH$WmMs _mJUs H$$ bmJbo. AZoH$ ZdZdsZ
[dkmZH$WmH$ma nwTo> Ambo. `mVbo gJioM dkm[ZH$
hmoVo Ago Zmhs. [H$~hwZm [dkmZH$Wm [b[h`mgmR>s
dkm[ZH$ Ag`mMs Amd`H$Vm Amho, ho JhsVH$
_moS>sV [ZKmbo. [dkmZH$Wm`m [dH$mgmMm dmghs
[Za[Zam`m AdWm_YyZ PnmQ>mZ Pmbm. n[h`m
Q>`mVsb [dkmZH$Wm gmhgs narH$Wm`mM
YmQ>Us`m hmo`m. Amn`m gy`_m[bHo$nbsH$So>
AZV AdH$me ngabob Amho `mMs AmoiI
ZwH$VsM hmoV hmoVs. Vmo AkmV Xoe IwUmdV hmoVm.
H$nZo`m nImda Am$T> hmoV `m Xoem`m
g\$arda [ZK`mM gmhg H$am`bm [dkmZH$WmH$ma

82 OyZ-Owb 2011

dm hmoV hmoVo. `m H$mimV`m ~hwVoH$ [dkmZH$Wm

AVami^_U. naJhdmgs`mMs dmar, H$mbdmg,
`_mZd `m gH$nZmda AmYm[aV hmo`m. `mV
AX^wV M_H$VtZm OmVs dmd hmoVm. `mVsb
[dkmZgH$nZm A_yV d$nm`m Am[U gm{VH$
e`Vo`m Vamda`mM hmo`m. `mMs JUZm
Wm[nV
[dkmZmV AOyZhs Ho$bs OmV ZhVs.
[H$~hwZm AmOhs `m Wm[nV Pmbo`m ZmhsV.
naVw, ZmaisH$amZs _amR>s [dkmZH$Wobm [VR>m
[_idyZ [X`mda `m`m N>m`oV Os _Ob
[dkmZH$WmZs _mabs Vs `mnwT>`m nm`ardaMs hmoVs.
`m [dkmZH$Wm_`o AWmVM Wm[nV [dkmZmbm
H$isM WmZ hmoV. `m`mes m_m[UH$ amhVM
H$WoMm [dH$mg hmoV hmoVm. gmh[OH$M
H$nZm^amarbm Wm[nV [dkmZm`m AMyH$Vo`m
_`mXm nS>V hmo`m. `mnH$s ~hwVoH$ H$Wm ^m[VH$
[H$dm agm`Zemm_Ysb gH$nZmda AmYm[aV
hmo`m.
`mM gw_mamg OsdemmVsb gemoYZmMs
KmoS>XmS> gw$ Pmbs. OdVkmZmMm [dVma hmoV
Jobm. bwBO ~mD$Z `m n[h`m Qo>Q> Q>y~ ~o~sMm
O_ Pmbm. OZwH$m_`o ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUyZ A[YH$
CnmXZ XoUmar AZoH$ Ym`mMs dmU ~mOmamV
Ambs, eoVm_`o noabs Jobs. `mVyZM Aem H$mao
gOsdm`m JwUY_m_`o dm[N>V ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUU
e` Am[U `dhm` Ag`mMs [MVs [_imbs.
`m`m ^mdmImbs A[YH$m[YH$ [dkmZH$Wm_`o
OsdemmVsb gH$nZmMm dmna hmoD$ bmJbm.
OsdemmVsb `m Am[dH$mamMm _mZds Am`w`mes
WoQ> g~Y Ag`m_wi `m [dkmZH$Wm `_mZdm`m
Z amhVm _mZdm`m, [H$_mZ njs _mZdHo$[V
Pm`m. _mZdm`m ^md[ddmes `m Ioiy bmJ`m.
`mV hmoUm`m AmdVZmMm doY KoD$ bmJ`m. `m
n[aojmVyZ _mZds ZmVog~YmMm _mJmodm KoD$
bmJ`m. [dkmZMwaVoH$Sy>Z `mMm H$b
b[bVMwaVoH$So> hmoD$ bmJbm.
`m Xwg`m nm`arda`m [dkmZH$WmZs
dmMH$mZmhs _mohsV Ho$b. `mZm `m Amn`m dmQy>
bmJ`m. `mV dUZ Ho$bo`m KQ>Zm Ho$di
H$nZo`m [ddmV Z amhVm Amn`m Am`w`mVhs
KSy> eH$VmV `mMs OmUsd Pmbs. [H$~hwZm AmOM
`m e`Vm dmVd [ddmV AdVa`m Ag`mMs
IyUhs nQ>bs. dmMH$m`m `m [VgmXmMm ^md
boIH$mdahs nS>bm. `mVyZM _J nwT>`m
nm`arH$S>Mm dmg gw$ Pmbm. H$maU,
OsdemmVsb `m Am[dH$mamnmoQ>s Ho$di
`{$`mM Am`w`H$_mV ~Xb KSy>Z `oV ZhVo.
g_mOaMZodahs `mMo XyaJm_s n[aUm_ hmo`mMs
e`Vm g_moa dN> [XgV hmoVs. `mMm doY KoD$Z

JmOUmao {dkmZ gm{h`$

gmIa
-m. n._. ~d}
gy`-O_ Am[U _`y -S>m. [M.ls. H$d}
AUw`wJmMs nhmQ>
-m. Zm. dm.
H$moJoH$a
AmH$memes OS>bo ZmVo - O`V ZmaisH$a
eVH$ emoYmMo
- _mohZ AmnQo>
~mambm Xhm H$_s
-nOm \$mQ>H$
[H$_`mJma
-A`wV JmoS>~mobo
`mZ~mM [dkmZ
-S>m. ~mi \$m|S>Ho$
dgwYam
-[ZaOZ KmQo>
_hm_mZd AmBQ>mBZ -S>m. n[S>V
[dmgmJa
gwJaUsM [dkmZ
-S>m. ~mi \$m|S>Ho$
MbmoH$
-_mohZ AmnQo>
[dkmZmbm nI H$nZoMo - ^mb~m Ho$iH$a
CS>Vs N>~H$S>s
-^m. am. ^mJdV
_mP Zmd a_mH$mV dmbmdbH$a
-X.nm. Im~oQo>
`jmMs XoUJs
-O`V ZmaisH$a
hMwAb [a`[bQ>s
- ~mi \$m|S>Ho$
AmH$me^m[H$Vo
- gw~moY OmdSo>H$a
Xwgam AmBQ>mBZ
- b_U bm|To>
H${nV-AH${nV
- gwYm [ag~yS>
`m`Us
- ew^Xm JmoJQo>
J^mW
- S>m. ~mi \$m|S>Ho$
BdamMm O_
- `edV XoenmSo>
BYZw`
- _mYwar emZ^mJ
`m[df`s ^m` H$aU An[ahm` R>aV hmoV. Vg H$aV
`mV`m A[Zdm` n[aUm_mZm S>moignUo gm_moa
Om`mMs j_Vm `m [dkmZH$Wm dmMH$mZm, g_V
g_mOmbm XoD$ bmJ`m. A[^OmVVoH$So
[dkmZH$WmMm dmg gw$ Pmbm. gm[h`m`m _yi
dmhmes OdiM ZmV gmJVm gmJVmM `m
`m`mhs nbsH$So> nmoMy bmJ`m.
`m {WVsV _J ebs Am[U KmQ> `mMm [dMmahs
An[ahm`nUo boIH$m`m _ZmV `oD$ bmJVmo.
[dkmZH$WmH$mamZshs `mZm XmX [Xbs. ebs, KmQ>,
aMZm~Y, `m ~m~VsVbo AZoH$ `moJ Ho$bo.
AmOVmJm`V Vo Ho$bo OmV AmhoV.
gm[h` Xa~mamV [dkmZgm[h`mZo AmVm _mZmMo
WmZ nQ>H$mdbobo Amho. dmMZgH$VsMm Vo EH$
A[d^m` ^mJ Va hmoVoM; nU, [V`m [dH$mgmbm
Zds [Xem Xo`mMs O~m~Xmar AmVm `mZo CMbbs
Amho.
gnH$ : 26591841
B-ob : balphondke@gmail.com

[d

bmI_mobmMs bmI bmI nwVHo$

gm`m eVH$m`m nydmYmV, EH$mnojm

EH$ ^sfU Aem XmoZ _hm`wm`m
ApZdmbmV, gma OJ hmoaniyZ
[ZKmb. `mZVa`m ghm XeH$mV, Amoe[Z`m IS>
dJi`mg ~mH$s`m Mmahs _wI IS>mV [H$VsVar
`mXds `w bT>bs Jobs. nU, OJX`mns ghmaH$
_hm`wmnmgyZ _w$ am[hbo`m Xw[Z`oM gmH$[VH$
OsdZ [dH${gV hmoV Job. _hm`wmnmgyZ _w$ Aem
`m ghm XeH$mV, Amqb{nH$_Ysb gh^mJ gmR>gma XoemnmgyZ XmoZeon`V $XmdV Jobm.
Am[b[nH$_Ysb nYm-e`VtMo OJ, _moO`m
nmMm` gm_m`dmXs e$tnmgyZ, _moS>sV
[ZKmbo`m gm_m`mVsb ZddV Xoemn`V
[dVmarV hmoV Job. `m`m AmoKmV ~h$Z Amb
H$sS>m-gemoYZ, H$sS>m-g_sjm, H$sS>mAm_H$WZ, H$sS>m boIZ!
Jo`m ghm XeH$mV IoimM hmes (A_`wAa)
$n B[VhmgO_m hmoV Job. IoimMs ~mYUs
`mdgm[`H$ (mo\o$eZb) nmVisda hmoV Jobs.
OJmVsb _moO`m CmoJ-g_yhmV, H$sS>m
`dgm`mMs, nmoQ>g BS>Q>sMs JUZm hmoD$ bmJbs.
`oH$ Ioim`m ~mOmanoRo>Zo, `m `m IoimVsb
[V^mdmZ H$sS>mnQy>Zm Am[WH$ d `mnmar
[dH$mgmMo H|$[~Xy ~Zdbo. [H$Ho$Q>_`o g{MZ
V|Sw>bH$a, Jar gmo~g, S>mZ ~S>_Z d eoZ dmZ.
Qo>[Zg_`o ~moJ d \o$S>aa, \w$Q>~mb_`o nobo,
_amS>moZm, ~oH$h_ d amoZmS>mo, [O_Z{Q>g_`o
ZmXs`m H$mo_ogs, Am[U A_o[aH$Z ~mOmanoRo>Zo
Jmo\$_`o Q>m`Ja dyS>g, ~og~mb_`o ~o~$W,
~mQo>H$Q>~mb_`o _m`H$b OmaS>Z, ~m{gJ_`o
Omo bwBg Vo _h_XAbs (H$[e`g bo) d Q>m`gZ,
gm`H$[bJ_`o bmg Am_Q>mJ, Qo>[Zg_`o OmZ
_Ho$Zamo, _m[Q>Zm Zdam[Vbmodm d nsQ> g_g,
AWbsQ> Oogs Amodog d H$mb bwBg, Am[U Jo`m
Am[b[nH$_Ysb _hm_mZd O_H$Z YmdnQy `wgoZ
~moQ> d A_o[aH$s ObVaUnQy _m`H$b \o$ng...
Am[U ~w{~im`m doJ`mM Xw[Z`oV a[e`Z Jar
H$namod AZ `m ImbmoImb AZmVmobs H$manmod d
~m~s [\$ea.
H$sS>m OJVm`m am_m`U-_hm^maVmVsb ho
H$mhs _wI Zm`H$. `mM WmZ PJ_J`m
[gVm`mM. $noar nS>mdarb Vm`mZm gmOog.
_hm`wm[dZm ZmXUm`m OJmV, H$sS>m d H$a_UyH$
`dgm`mMo `dhma `m`mda d `m`m^modVs
\$mo\$mdUmao AZ dYmaUmao. Aem [ZdS>H$ eo-XsS>eo

[gVm`mMo Am_H$WZ d `m`mdaMo boIZ, `mVyZ

~mOmanoRo>V Ambs AgmdsV XmoZ-AS>sM hOma
nwVH$! \$$ BJOs ^mfonwaV ~mobm`M, Va _bm
dmQ>V H$s AmOda H$sS>m[df`H$ nwVH$mMs g`m

EH$ bmIm`m KamV Jobs Agob! `mVyZ _moO`m

nwVH$mMs [ZdS> H$am`Ms Var H$es? hm Va
nwVH$mMm _hmgmJa. `mV _V Sw>~mdo d _Om
bwQ>mds!

[d. [d. H$a_aH$a

gwdmV H$$ `m ^maVmbmM Zho, Va
^aVIS>mbm doS> bmdUm`m, nU [~[Q>e
amQ>Hw$bmnbsH$So> hmVnm` ng$ Z eH$bo`m
[H$Ho$Q>nmgyZ. AmOs-_mOs H$gmoQ>sdsa, nM,
gKQ>H$ d g_sjH$ `mMs dsg-nMdsg hOma
nwVH$ AmOda [g Pmbs AgmdsV. `mV gdmV
A[YH$madmUsZo [bhsb`, \$bXmOsVsb ehoZehm
S>mZ ~S>_Z `mZs. \o$`adob Qy> [H$Ho$Q>, AmQ> Am\$
[H$Ho$Q> AmXs JWmVsb boIZ H$_mbsM g_Vmob
gmYV amhmUma. Amn`m C_oXs`m OJmV _Jwb Z
hmoVm, BVa gd jom_mUo [H$Ho$Q>hs gXd [dH${gV
hmoUma Aem dmVddmXs d C_m [Q>H$moZmVyZ
Ho$bob.
g_sjH$ Zohsb H$mS>g `mMs JWgnXm [dnwb d
amo_[Q>H$. `mMm eXmMm \w$bmoam, XmoZ [nT>mZm

^wai KmbUmam. ao am[~ZgZ `mMo doJionU,

AmH$So>dmarMm AmYma XoV _mS>Us H$a`mMo.
AmQ>o[b`Z H$gmoQ>sdsa OH$ [\$JbQ>Z `mMs g_sjm
gImob d agmi. _mQ>g Am\$ [H$Ho$Q>, Am[U
~mS>sbmBZ dmXJm[df`s [H$Ho$Q> H$m`gsg Am[U
`mMs gmarM nwVH$ dmMZs`M Zho, Va gJm.
doQ> B{S>`Z H$gmoQ>sdsa [b`ar H$mZQ>Q>mBZ
`m_mZmZo JmoQ>s-dohmi, nU [demb Q>sMo. doQ>
B[S>`Z g_sjH$ gs.Eb.Ama. Omog `mM nwVH$
AmJi doJi. H$ao~s`Z ~oQ>mVsb ^y{nwmZm hUOo
H$m`mZm
Xm~yZ
Ro>dUm`m
[~[Q>e
dgmhVdmXm[d AmdmO CR>dUma. \$H$
dmaobgma`m Agm_m` nU H$UdUu` IoimSy>bm
[dS>sOMm n[hbm H$mim H$UYma Zo_b Omd `mMm
nwaH$ma H$aUmao. amOH$s` gVmVamg gm_m[OH$
~XbmMm AmYma nwadUmao.
`oH$ boIH$mMs n[a{WVsZwgma d[eQ>.
Xwg`m _hm`wmV ZmPs O_Zs`m Vw\$mZ ~m~tJZo
BbS> CXdV Ho$b. `m_mZmZ ~S>_ZMm
AmQo>[b`m gwXds. `m`m Xoemg Vw\$mZ
ApZ[X`mVyZ Omd bmJb ZhV. hUyZ
1948`m BbS> Xm`mdarb AmQ>o[b`Z
[H$Ho$Q>nQyZm ~S>_Z n[a{WVsMs gVV OmUsd H$$Z
XoV : ""Vw_`mH$So> ~Q>a, MsO, MmH$boQ>, [~H$sQ>,
gmIa ^anya Amho. `mM XeZ H$aV ~gy ZH$m!
_hm`wmV BbS> Amn`mgmR>shs bT>b`.
Amn`mH$S>sb hm ImD$ `m`mVhs dmQ>m!''
[H$Ho$Q>M V d _, [ejU AmXt~m~V,
~S>_Z`m JWmV AZoH$mZs ^a Q>mH$bs. `mV CoI
H$amdm bmJob ~m~ dyb_a `mMm. H$gmoQ>sdsa, Mma
IS>mV [ejH$, `mVhs X[jU Am[\$H$m d
nm[H$VmZ `mMo [ejH$. [H$Ho$Q>_Ysb
~maH$m`mMs, H$moUs Ho$bs Zgob BVH$s Vnesbdma
[M{H$gm `mZs Ho$bs` "AmQ> AS> gm`g Am\$
[H$Ho$Q>' `m _hmJWmV. IoimSy>, [ejH$, g_sjH$
`mZs Vs Ad` dmMmds. [dMmamZm MmbZm XoU, ho
Amnb H$m_, Ag dyb_a _mZV, Vo Aem dMm[aH$
XodmUs-KodmUsVyZ gm` hmoBb.
ghgm Hw$R>`mhs nydJhm`m Amhmar Z OmVm,
dyb_a dVw{WVsg gm_moa Om`mg amOs Zho, Va
CgwH$ AgVmV `mM EH$ CXmhaU XoVmo : [H$Ho$Q>
IoiUo Hw$Umbm nadS>V, `m[df`s AmQo>[b`mV
97_`o EH$ nmhUs Pmbs. [H$Ho$Q>Ms gmYZ,
[ejU-\$s, _wbmMm dmg IM hm [dm`mdarb
nmbH$mMm WoQ> IM. nU, `mgh [hemo~ Ho$bm

OyZ-Owb 2011

83

nm[hOo, nmbH$mZs [Xbo`m [dZm_y` doioMm,

XoIaoIsMm! AmQo>[b`mgma`m gYZ XoemVsb
nmhUsMm [ZH$f Agm : b~ d AmVa-am`
nYmV, `mMo nmbH$ ls_V d gw{WVsV AmhoV,
`m`mM _wbmZm [ejU nadS>V, PonV. `m
nmhUsMm [ZH$f Agmhs : g_mOm`m gd
WamVsb _wbmZm AmQ>o[b`mVsb IoimM XmbZ
Iwb Pmb`, Ag JhsV Ya`mMs nman[aH$
g_OyV Iar Zmhs! "gm`mgmR>s Ioi', ho
Am[b[nH$M ~sXdm`. AmnU `mM ^y[_Ho$VyZ ho
AmhmZ dsH$mabo nm{hOo...
~S>_ZZVa Amn`m ZoVdmMs N>mn nmS>Umao
H$UYma hUOo boZ hQ>Z, \$H$ dmaob, [aMs ~oZm
d B`Z Mnb. ~oZm d dmaob ho [IbmSy> ~m`mMo Va
Mnb ~S>Imoa d amoIR>moH$. H$gmoQ>s gm_`mVyZ
AmQ>o[b`Z _S>img ^anya Z\$m hmoVmo; nU,
H$gmoQ>sdsam`m hmVs Ro>dbo OmVmV MUo-\w$Q>mUo!
`m[d `mZr H$gmoQ>sdsamZm gK[Q>V Ho$bo. `mVyZ
Ho$ar nH$a `mMs gH$g O_mg Ambs. [H$Ho$Q>Ms
Xw[Z`m T>diyZ [ZKmbs. OJ^a`m H$gmoQ>sdsamM
_mZYZ dmT>db Job. "Mnobs' ho B`Z MnbM
JmObob nwVH$. `mMm ghH$mar d Am\$-{nZa
Aebs _boQ> `mM "Mnobs nsg AmD$Q' ho OUw
OmoS>-nwVH$!
M$ ~S>_Zgma`m Agm_ses nJm KoVbm
MnobsZ! X[jU AmQ>o [b`Z gKmVsb H$gbo`m
IoimSy>gmR>s ^[d` [Zdmh [ZYsMm (mphS>Q>
\$S>) `mMm Vmd, ~S>_ZZs \o$Q>miyZ bmdbm.
hs JmoQ> 1971Ms. _J 72`m `eds Bpbe
Xm`mZVahs, H$gmoQ>sdsam`m _mZYZmV H$moUVrhs
dmT> ~S>_ZZs Zm_Oya Ho$bs. nU, _S>imZo _moR>m
CXma ~wsZo IoimSy>Mo _mZYZ XmoZeod$Z Mmaeo
S>mbg Ho$bo. `mda MnbMm [heo~ Agm : ~mam
H$gmoQ>sdsamMo [_iyZ _mZYZ 4,800 S>mbg. nU,
[VH$sQ> [dH$sVyZ _S>imMm Jm AS>sM bmI
S>mbg!
1971_`o Aeog J_md`mMs bjUo [XgV
AgVmZm, AmQ>o [b`Z _S>imZo [~b bmarMs
H$UYmanXmd$Z CMb~mJS>s Ho$bs d Mnb`m
S>mo`mda Vmo H$mQo>ar _wHw$Q> MT>dbm. gbm_sMm
\$bXmO d JmobXmO ~Xbbo. Mnb AdW
hmoVm. Aem dois [bZ _mg `m ghH$m`mMm gm
`mZo _mZbm. [aMs ~oZmMm AmXe S>mo`mnwTo> Ro>d.
[Vnjm`m Zmdmda [~Z~mX XmoZeo Ymdm Ag`m
Varhs ~oZm JS>~Sy>Z OmV Zmhs. JbsV joajUmg
C^m AgVmo, Vmo emVnUo hmVmMs KS>s KmbyZ! _J
_`oM Vmo JmobXmO ~XbVmo, jo`yh ~XbVmo.

84

OyZ-Owb 2011

ghH$m`mZm dmQ>V, H$s ~oZm`m `m Mmbs_wio

Ioimg H$bmQ>Us [_iUmaM! Vg KS>Vhs
nwH$iXm! `oH$ ZmM Cma Amn`m
H$UYmamH$So> Amho Agm [ddmg Vmo [Z_mU H$aVmo
Iam!
gwZsb JmdgH$aZs nwVH$ Iyn [b[hbs,
V^-boIZ Va ^anya Ho$b. H$[nbXodM "[H$Ho$Q>
_m` bmB\$ : Q>oQ> \$m_ _m` hmQ>' nwVH$hs
dmMZs` Amho. `mZVa`m [nT>sVsb gdm}m_
g_sjH$ AWmVM gO` _mOaoH$a, Cm_ JW
[b{h`mMs VmH$X `m`m boIUsV Amho. B_amZ
ImZ ("Amb amD$S> hy') d dgs_ AH$a_
("dgs_') Am[U `m`m ImbmoImb Phsa
A~mg ("PoS> : AZ AmQ>mo~m`moJm\$s') d OmdoX

[_`mXmX ("H$qQ>J EO') `mMs Am_M[a A[YH$

_Z_moH$`m ebsVbs. JwUs nU `pVdmXs
IoimSy> Am[U VhodmBH$ emgH$ `mMm [d[M
[_bm\$ Pmbm` nm[H$VmZs [H$Ho$Q>_`o. Vmo `mZs
N>mZ [M{V Ho$bm`.
[dO` hOmao, g`X _wVmH$ Abs ,_gyaAbs
nQ>mXs, A[OV dmSo>H$a, gm, gXsn nmQ>sb, ads
ems, Qo>~b Qo>[ZgnQy> MeoIa, gm`H$bnQy
H$_bmH$a P|So>, ~S>[_Q>ZnQy ZXw ZmQo>H$a d H$me
nXyH$moU AmXs _m`damZs dmMZmb`mV EHo$H$
MmJ`m Am_M[amMs ^a Q>mH$bs Amho.
Am[b[nH$_`o AmR> gwdUmgh 11 nXHo$ ^maVs`
Im`mV O_m H$aUmam hmH$s, hmM Amnbm amQ>s`

Ioi Ago AmOhs ~aoM bmoH$ _mZVmV. _oOa

`mZMX (Jmob), Wmoabo ~b~sa [gJ (JmoS>Z
hQ>[Q>H$), Agb_ eoa ImZ (Qy> hob dwBW hmH$s),
_sa aOZ ZoJs (\$m_ by_ Qy> bmoar), naJQ> [gJ
`mZs Ioimdarb dmL>_` Amnmn`m narZo g_
Ho$bo. nU, MmMZs`VoMmM [ZH$f bmd`mg,
gXsn [_l `m nH$mamZo YZamO [noda {b{hbobo
nwVH$ Amho A[YH$ _m{hVsnyU.
AWbsQ> Oogs Amodog, ~og~mbnQy ~o~ $W,
~mHo$Q>~mbnQy _m`H$b OmaS>Z, Jmo$nQy Q>m`Ja
~yS>g, ~mga _h_X Abs, gm`H$bnQy bmg
Am_Q>mJ d ObVaUnQy _m`H$b \o$ng hs
A_o[aHo$Ms XdVo, VoM A_o[aH$s ~mOmanoRo>Mo nmoQ>a
~mBO. `mnH$s Am_Q>mJ CRy>Z [XgVmo, Vmo
Qo>Q>s`wba H$gada _mV H$a`m`m [ZYmam_wio.
"BQ>g ZmQ> A~mCQ> X ~mBH$ : _m` OZu ~H$ Qy>
bmB\$' `m Amn`m \w$VuXm`H$ Am_M[amV
Am[U `m`m[df`s [b[h`m Jobo`m nwVH$mV
"Qy>a X \$mg'gmaIs IS>Va e`V gmVXm
[OH$Um`m `m [dd[dH$_dsamMs hs H$hmUs gwaoI
_mS>bobs Amho. CmoOH$ (S>moqnJ) Ko`mMo Amamon
`m`mda Pmbo. nU, `mVyZ Vmo [ZXm}f gwQ>bm`.
Am_Q>mJMo doJionU Ago H$s H$gabm Amim
Kmby nmhmUm`m "bmg Am_Q>mJ \$mCSo>eZ'_`o
`mZo 2008n`V nMdsg H$moQ>s S>mbg (1150
H$moQ>s n`o) O_m Ho$bo. H$ga~m~V`m
gemoYZmgmR>s Qo>gg am` gaH$maZo `o`m 10
dfmV {VZeo H$moQ>s S>mbg (MmXm hOma H$moQ>s
n`o) VaVyX H$amds, `mgmR>s `mZo Qo>gg
[gZoQ>_`o gm`mZm hobmdUmao ^mfU Ho$bo. Vgm
R>amd _Oya hmdm, ho `e gm`H$bnQyMo,
H$sS>mjomMo!
AWbsQ> Oogs Amodog d _wQ>s`mom H$es`g
bo D$\$ _h_XAbs hs Va H$m`m dm Am[\$H$ZA_o[aH$Z g_mOm`m A{_VoMs d CR>mdmMs
MmbVs ~mobVs VrHo$ : Amodog`m nydOmZm
Am[\$Ho$VyZ A_o[aHo$`m ~moQ>sV ~gdbo Jobo d
Jwbm_ hUyZ [dH$bo Jobo. `mZVa 100 dfmZs,
1936`m ~buZ-Am[b[nH$_`o, [hQ>baMm
Am`Z-^wdmMm [dH$V [gmV, OogsZo ImoQ>m
R>adbm. e^a d XmoZeo _sQ>g, [abo d bm~ CS>s
`mVsb `mMs Mma gwdU nXHo$, `m hmo`m
[hQ>ba`m ls_wImV bJmdbo`m Mma MnamH$s!
"Oogs' `m Am_M[amV `mM dUZ `mZ N>mZ
Ho$b`. nU, Vo H$aVmZm, bm~ CS>sV Amnbs MyH$
XwV H$aUm`m bwP bmJ `m Jmo`m O_Z
[VnYm`m [Z^`VoMo [H$gohs `mZo

H$VkVmnydH$ Z_yX Ho$bo AmhoV.

H$es`g bo hmhs Oogs_mUo Am[b[nH$A[O`dsa. nU, OJOo`m`m H$mVS>sMm aJ Jmoam
Zgob, Va `m`m _m`Xoes, A_o[aHo$V `mbm H$mhs
hmQo>bmVhs
Jmo`mgmo~V,
`m`m nJVsV ~gy [Xbo OmV Zmhs. _J,
Am[b[nH$ gwdUmMo _mob Vo H$m`? Aem dVmJmVyZ
`mZo
Vo
nXH$
ZXsV
[^aH$mdyZ
[Xbo. {hEVZm__`o bH$ar godm H$a`mg ZH$ma
[Xbm Am[U Bbm_ Y_ dsH$mabm. ho gma `m`m
d `m`m[df`s`m H$H$ nwVH$mVyZ dmMb nm[hOo.
ho gma dmMZs` IaM. `mMm AmZX
bwQ>`mdahs EH$ AnyUVm OmUdVo. Am[b[nH$_`o

a[e`Z gKam` (`yEgEgAma) nwH$iXm

A_o[aHo$g _mJo gmaV Ago. Jo`m Amqb[nH$_`o
MsZZo A_o[aHo$nojm ~arM OmVs gwdUnXH$ [_idyZ
XmIdbs. ~m{gJ_`o `w~mMs XmXm[Jar XsKH$mi
Mmb`s`. noXma Ymd e`VsV A[\$H$s dMd
A~m[YV Amho. O_Zs, OnmZ, X. H$mo[a`m, noZ,
hJoar, \$mg, ~mPsb, AO]Q>sZm hohs Amnbs M_H$
XmIdVmV. nU, `m`m XoemVsb boIZmn`V
nmoM`mMm `Zhs ^maVmV hmoV Zmhs. OJmes gmao
`dhma BJOs EHo$ BJOsVyZ H$aUo, Amhs Ho$hm
~XbUma? VyV Var OJmes Amnbm g~Y `m EH$m
^mfo_m\$V hmoVmo, `m BJOsVsb [ZdS>H$ hOma
nwVH$mMo $nmVa _amR>sV hm`bm hd.

OmVm OmVm EH$ H$hmUs H$sS>mjom`m _hVsMs.

Am`har H$moQ> `m Am[\$H$s XoemVsb a$aOsV
`mXds, H$mhs H$mi Var Wmondbs EH$m
\w$Q>~mbnQyZo. [XXsEa moJ~mZo d `m`m ghH$mar
\w$Q>~mbnQyZs. "Q>mB_' gmm[hH$mZo OJmVsb 100
^mdembs `[$_dmV WmZ [Xb hmoV,
\w$Q>~mbnQy moJ~mbm!
^maVmV H$sS>m-gH$Vs nmio_wio Y$ bmJob,
`mM _mUmV H$sS>m-boIZ, `mM dmMZ d `mMs
MMm dmT>V OmBb. bmI_mobmMs hs bmI-bmI
nwVHo$, hm H$sS>mjomMm _moR>mM Ro>dm!
gnH$ : 022 - 24327388

H$meZ jomMs _wimjao

n

Yam`m eVH$mV O_ZsV `mohmZ JwQo>Z~J

`mZo _wUVmMm emoY bmdbm. `mdois
N>mnbo`m JWmnmgyZ H$meZmMs
gwdmV Pmbs Ago hUVm `oBb. `mnyduhs
MsZ_`o bmH$S>s R>go dmnZ _wU Ho$bo OmV hmoVo;
nU I`m AWmZo JwQo>Z~J `mZo N>nmB VmMo OJ^a
Omio nga[dbo. nydu EImXm JW [bhyZ hmVmZo
`m`m ZH$bm Ho$`m OmV. `m H$mamV JW
gmambm Iyn _`mXmhs nS>V; naVw N>nmB `mZo
EImm JWm`m AZoH$ Vs H$a`m`m VmZo
H$meZ `dhmamV EH$ H$mVsM KS>dyZ AmUbs.
^maVmV n[hbo _wUmb` 1556 gmbs Jmo`mV
gw Pmbo. `m _wUmb`mV Ho$di amo_Z Ajao hmoVs.
`m _wUb`mV 1557 bm "XmoH$sZm [H$Q>mAmo" ho
n[hbo nwVHo$ N>mnbo Jobo. ^maVs` ^mfoV n[h`mXm
V[_i ^mfoMo Q>mBn ~Zdbo Jobo. [MyaOdisb
Omoog JmogmdoO `m n[Ze JhWmZo _b~mar
Q>mBn V`ma Ho$bo. ZmJar Q>mBn m`mo[JH$ dnmV
W_ `wamon_`o V`ma Ho$bo. `m Q>mBnmV 1675 _`o
N>mnbobo "Mm`Zm BboQ>Q>mo"ho n[hbo kmV _w[V
nwVH$ Amho; naVw ^maVmV 1740 bm ZmJar Q>mBn,
1743 bm ~Jmbs Q>mBn Am[U 1747 bm VobJy
Q>mBn ~Z[dbo Jobo.
_amR>s H$meZmMs gwdmV
_amR>s H$meZmMs gwdmV XmoZeo dfmnyduMs
Amho. [edmOs _hmamOm`m H$mimV ^s_Os nmaoI
`m`m_m\$V BbS>hyZ N>nmB` AmU`mMm `Z
Ho$bm hmoVm, AgmCoI AmT>iVmo; naVw `m~b
A[YH$ _m[hVs [_iV Zmhs. EH$mo[Ugm`m
eVH$m`m gwdmVsb ZmZm \$S>UsgmZs Mmg _boQ>
`m [~[Q>e EOQ>m`m gmhm`mZo nw`mV [Memim d

[enemim H$mT>`mMmhs `Z Ho$bm. 1805

gmbs [_aOoMo gaXma nQ>dYZ `mZs Vm`m`m
R>emZs ^JdsVm N>mnbs Agm CoI [_iVmo; nU
`j N>mnbobs V CnbY Zmhs. VOmdaMo amOo
ga\$moOs ho _amR>s ^mfoMo o_s hmoVo. `mZs gIZ
n[S>V `m [dmZmH$Sy>Z BJOs "BgmnZsVs"Mm _amR>s
AZwdmX H$adyZ KoVbm. hm AZwdmX _amR>s
dmMH$mgmR>s CnbY hmdm hUyZ 1806 gmbs

~m~m ^mS>
"~mb~moY _w$mdbs"`m ZmdmZo N>mnbm. hs _amR>s
H$meZmMs gwdmV hmoVs. `mnydu EH$ df AJmoXa
1805gmbs [d`_ H$ar `mZs H$mobH$`mOdisb
lsam_nya `oWo "Xs Jm_a Am\$ _amR>s bdoO " ho
nwVH$ N>mnyZ _amR>s _w[V nwVH$mMm ls JUoem
Ho$bobm [XgVmo.
dmV`nyd H$mimVsb H$meZ
^maVmV BJOs gmo`m A_bmg gwdmV
Pmbs Am[U `mM gw_mamg _amR>s H$meZmMs
gwdmV Pmbobs Amho. BJOs A_bm`m gwdmVsbm
AmUIs EH$ _hdmMs KQ>Zm KS>bs. `m Z`m
gaH$maZo OZVobm [ejU Xo`mgmR>s JmdmoJmd _amR>s
emimgw Ho$`m. `m emimda [Z`U Ro>d`mgmR>s
W_M [ejU ImVo gw Ho$bo. 1822 gmbs gw
Pmbo`m `m Im`mMo Zmd hmoVo "_w~B hX [ejU
_S>is". `mM H$mimV _wbmgmR>s W_M H$[_H$
nwVH$m`m [Z[_VsMm [dMma gw Pmbm. "[ghmgZ
~mses " ho dOZmW n[S>VmMo nwVH$ nmR>nwVH$
hUyZM H$m[eV Pmbo. `mZVa ~mny N>o `mMo
"~mi[_" Am[U "BgmnZsVs"hs nwVHo$ Ambs.

1831 gmbs JUnV H$UmOs `mZs dV:`m

N>mnIm`mV n[hbo H$meZ N>mnbo. _amR>s _mUgmZo
_amR>s bmoH$m`m JaOoZwgma H$m[eV Ho$bobo ho
n[hbo H$meZ Amho. hs I`m AWmZo _amR>s
H$meZmMs gwdmV hUVm `oBb. bmoH$mMo ~moYZ
H$a`m`m Am[U [_eZ`mMm Mma _moSy>Z
H$mT>`m`m JaOoVyZ hs H$meZo Pmbobs [XgVmV.
bmoH$[ejU Am[U amQ>s` nwZWmZmMs ^mdZmhs
`m_mJo hmoVs. 1865 n`V 661 _amR>s nwVHo$
H$m[eV Pmbs hmoVs. `m`_yVu amZSo> `mZs Ho$bobs
hs gyMs CnbY Amho.
dmV`moma H$mimVsb H$meZ
^maVmbm dmV` [_imbo. [ejUmMm gma
IoS>mnmS>mn`V hmoV Jobm. Zds [nT>s [bhy, dmMy
bmJbs. `mVyZ H$meZ`dhma dmT>V Jobm. nwUo
Am[U _w~B hoM _amR>s H$meZmMo _w` H|$[~Xy
Pmbo ! `mVhs nw`mMm H$meZmVsb dmQ>m _moR>m
hmoVm. JmdmoJmds emimVsb _wbmgmR>s nmR>nwVHo$
[bhyZ KoVbs. [ejU [d^mJmH$Sy>Z _m`Vm KoD$Z
H$m[eV Ho$bs. `m nwVH$m`m OmoS>sZo Vo b[bV
nwVH$mMo
H$meZhs
H$
bmJbo.
nmR>nwVH$m[edm` Ym[_H$ nwVHo$ H$m[eV
H$aUmaohs H$mhs H$meH$ hmoVo. Ym[_H$ nwVH$mZm
h_Img In Ago. nmR>nwVH$mVyZ MmJbs H$_mB
hmoB. `m Xmohs H$mamnojm H$mhtgm [VRo>Mm Am[U
gmH$[VH$Q>m _hdmMm H$ma hUOo b[bV
gm[h` H$meZmMm. `mVyZ _amR>s H$meZmMs
XmoZeo dfmMs nanam g_X hmoV Jobs.
("dmMZdoY'YyZ gm^ma)

OyZ-Owb 2011

85

_hmamQ> : H$mb Am[U AmO

_

hmamQ>m`m B[VhmgmMo T>mo~i_mZmZo

mMsZ (mMsZ d Cma mMsZ),
_``wJsZ (~hm_Zs d _wKb-_amR>m),
AmYw[ZH$ (1800 Vo 1857 d 1857 Vo 1947)
Ago dJuH$aU Ho$bo OmVo. AbrH$So> nwamVd emmZo
B[Vhmg d gH$Vs`m XmbZmV B[Vhmg nydH$mb
(Pre-history) d mJ[Vhm[gH$ H$mb (Protohistory) (A_`wJ) Aes XmoZ ZdsZ XmbZo [Z_mU
Ho$bs AmhoV. `mZVaMm H$mi hm Vm_nmfmU
gH$VsMm ([gYy-gadVs d hS>nm-gH$VsMm
H$mi) VWm[n, hs CI[ZV Wim`m ~imda
AmYmabobs Ag`mZo Amn gm_m` dmMH$mn`V
nmohmoMbs ZmhsV. [edm` `mdarb ~hwVme boIZ
Am[U H$meZ BJOs ^mfoV Pm`mZo Vo
gdgm_m`m`m Amdm`m~mhoaMo Amho.
_hmamQ>m`m B[Vhmg boIZmMo AmOda AZoH$
`Z Pmbo. AJXs BJOs Am_XmZsnmgyZ Aem
H$maMo `Z Pm`mMo AmT>iVmV. VWm[n,
`m`m [bImUmV Eo[Vhm[gH$ [M[H$goEodOs
^m[fH$ AbH$aU Am[U aOZdmXmda A[V[a$ ^a
[X`mMo nQ> hmoVo. ^maVs` g_mO [deofV:
_hmamQ>s` g_mO hm Cgd[` g_mO Ag`mZo
`mZs B[VhmgmVsb aOZdmXmg, [_WH$mg CMbyZ
Yabo ho XyaXeZ`m Eo[Vhm[gH$ _m[bH$mZm
[_iUm`m MS> [VgmXmd$Z nQ> hmoVo. `mMmM
EH$ n[aUm_ hUyZ Vmo H$mX~ar`m [Q>H$moZmVyZ
B[VhmgmH$So> nmhy bmJbm. H$mX~ar Eo[Vhm[gH$
dmVdm`m [H$Vs Odi Amho hm dmXmMm _wm
AmnU H$mhs H$mi ZOaoAmS> Ho$bm Var `m_wio
Ho$di YsamoXmm Zm`H$m`m OsdZmdarb ^mdneu
gJ hUOoM B[Vhmg, Aes bmoH$YmaUm hmo`mg
H$iV ZH$iV _XV Pmbs Amho. Am[U VmoM Am_Mm
B[Vhmg Amho Ago Z`m [nT>sbm dmQy> bmJbo Amho.
_wimV amOm `m gH$nZoMm CX` "`: aO`[V g
amOm:' `m_YyZ Pmbm Ag`mZo MmUmj BJO
am`H$`mZs `m aOZdmXmMm nwaonya \$m`Xm H$$Z
KoV`mMo nQ> hmoVo. CXm. gmam ^maV XwH$mim`m
ImBV hmoanibm OmV AgVmZm 1877_`o [XsV
gd gWm[ZH$mMm _oimdm ^adyZ [~Q>Z`m amUsbm
"H$ga-E-[hX' hm g_mZ XmZ H$a`mV Ambm.
`m g_ma^mg ^maVmVsb V_m_ gWm[ZH$ `{$e:
hOa hmoVo. `md$Z aOZdmX [H$Vs Imobda Obm
Amho ho OmUdVo. hoM amOH$s` njmVsb
KamUoemhsMo _yi hmo`.
BJOmZs B[Vhmg boIZmgmR>s EH$ [dn`V

86 OyZ-Owb 2011

VWm[n dV:`m amOH$maUmg nmofH$ Aes ~R>H$

V`ma H$$Z KoVbs Am[U `m _m`_mVyZ Vo
"_m`~mn gaH$ma' `m g_mZmn`V nmohmoMbo. `mZs
^maVs`mZm mMsZ B[VhmgmV nVesanUo JwVdyZ
Ro>dbo. `m `yhaMZoVyZ gmo`m`m YwamMs H$nZm
gV Pmbs. KVHw$`m, _YwHw$`m H$a`mgmR>s

S>m. am. ls. _moadMsH$a

Vwnm`m VWm _Ym`m Zm dmhy bmJ`m. Am`mMo
aJ-$n BJO _mUgmgmaIo dmQy> bmJbo. Am`AZm` dmX Eo[Vhm[gH$ g` hUyZ KwgS>`mV
Ambm. `m_wio `oH$ ^maVs` dV:bm Am`
g_OyZ AZm`m`m emoYmV [ZKmbm. \$moS>m Am[U
PmoS>m VdmMm Adb~ H$$Z dV:Ms nmois ^mOyZ
KoVbs. `mZm hds Ves [ejUnVs, [df`,
H$m`Xo, `m`gWm, nmobsg `Um AmXr C^ma`mV
^maVs`mZsM _XV Ho$bs Am[U ^maVs`
hmVm`m`m ~imda XmoZ OmJ[VH$ `wo hs
[OH$bs. hs JmadbmZs BVH$s O~aXV hmoVs H$s
AmVm Hw$Ro> ^maVs` `m_YyZ ~mhoa `o`m`m
V`marbm bmJbm Amho. _hmamQ>s` g_mOhs `mbm
AndmX ZhVm. AOyZhs `oWsb g_mO _``wJm`m
nbsH$So> AmnUmg H$mhs B[Vhmg Amho ho _m`
H$a`mg \$magm CgwH$ Zmhs.
Ammmn`V _hmamQ>mMm B[Vhmg d gH$Vsda
boIZ H$a`mMm AZoH$ doim `Z Pmbm. `m_`o
e.Xm. n|S>go, (_hmamQ>mMm gmH$[VH$ B[Vhmg),

m. [d.nm. XmSo>H$a (_hmamQ>), m. X.~m.

[S>H$giH$a (_hmamQ>mMm mMsZ B[Vhmg), m.
eooUmobsH$a d BVa (_hmamQ> gH$Vs) Am[U S>m.
nw.J. gh~wo (_hmamQ> gH$Vs) `mMm g_mdoe
hmoVmo. `m [dmZmZs _hmamQ> B[Vhmg d gH$Vs`m
[Za[Zam`m nbyda H$me Q>mH$`mMm `Z Ho$bm.
Ho$di gh~wo `mZs B.g. ny. 235 Vo B.g. 1947
hUOo gmYmaUV: _hmamQ>m`m ~mdsg eVH$m`m
Eo[Vhm[gH$ d gmH$[VH$ dmQ>MmbsMm AmT>mdm
KoVbm Amho. `m[edm` AZoH$ gemoYH$mZs
_hmamQ>m`m B[Vhmgm`m d gH$Vs`m
doJdoJ`m H$mimda, nbyda VWm dkm[ZH$ d
dMm[aH$ dmQ>Mmbsda H$me Q>mH$`mMm `Z
Ho$bm Amho. VWm[n, `mdarb ~hwVme [bImU BJOs
^mfoV Ag`mZo Vo OZ-gm_m`mn`V hUmdo Vgo
nmPabo Zmhs. Ago Agbo Var Amnhs `m
jomVsb ~aMgo H$m` ~mH$s Amho. Ammmn`V
Pmbo`m [bImUmVyZ _hmamQ>m`m Jmadembs
B[VhmgmMo Am[U gd g_mdoeH$ gH$VsMo H$mhs
nby H$memV Ambo AmhoV.
`m nbyMm [dMma H$aVm Ago nQ>nUo OmUdVo
H$s ^maVmMm Eo[Vhm[gH$ dmh Am[U _hmamQ>mMm
Eo[Vhm[gH$ dmh ho C^`Vm g_mVa dmhV Agbo
Var, Oohm Oohm ^maVs` B[Vhmg VWm gH$VsMm
dmh jsU Pmbm Vohm _hmamQ>mZo Vmo ge$ H$$Z
Z`m Omo_mZo dm[hV Ho$`mMo nQ> hmoVo. ^maVmMm
T>mo~i (sober) B[Vhmg _m`m`m gmmJhUmnmgyZ
gw$ hmoVmo Vgm _hmamQ>mMm B[Vhmg gmVdmhZm`m
AmJ_ZmnmgyZ gw$ hmoVmo. _m`mZs JsH$mMo AmH$_U
_moSy>Z H$mTy>Z Cma ^maV EH$N>s A_bmImbs
AmUbm. g_mQ> AemoH$mZo ~m Y_mg amOml`
XoD$Z `mMm OJ^a gma Ho$bm. _m, AemoH$mZVa
_m` gm_m`mMs nS>PS> gw$ Pmbs Am[U H$mhs
XeH$mVM `mMm AV Pmbm.
_hmamQ>mV `mM H$mimV gmVdmhZmZs Amnbo
gm_m` [Z_mU H$$Z gmam X[jU ^maV d CmaoVsb
Z_Xon`VMm ^yXoe Amn`m gm_m`mV g_m[dQ>
Ho$bm.
AmVaamQ>s` `mnma jomV [deofV: dmomoJmV
EH$m[YH$ma Wm[nV H$$Z `mnmadmXmMm
Am[dH$ma Ho$bm. gm`m JsH$ d amo_Z ~mOmanoR>m
H$m~sO H$$Z _hmamQ>mV MS> gnms IoMyZ
AmUbs. `mZshs ~m Y_mg Aml` XoD$Z `mnma
d H$fs jomV H$mVs KS>dyZ AmUbs. `mZs eH$,
jn `m naH$s` eyMo [ZXmbZ Ho$bo. H$bm d

1. _hmamQ>mMo mJ[Vhm[gH$ n`mdaU, _hmamQ>

B[Vhmg Am[U gH$Vs-e.Z.amOJw d BVa
2. _hmamQ>mVsb CIZZo, _hmamQ> EH$ nwamVds`
g_mbmoMZ, _hmamQ> Am[U Jmodm. Vm_nQ> Am[U
[ebmboImMs gyMs - em.^m.Xod
3. gmVdmhZ Zn[V Am[U n{M_s jn `mMm
B[Vhmg d H$moard boI, dmH$mH$Q> Zn[V d `mMm
H$mi [ebmha Zn[V d `mMm H$mi dm.[d.[_ames
4. mMsZ _hmamQ>mMm B[Vhmg d gH$Vs X.~m.[S>H$iH$a
5. mMsZ _hmamQ> ^mJ-1/2- ls.`.Ho$VH$a
6. Y_emmMm B[Vhmg gmame (AZw) `.Am.^Q>nm.dm.H$mUo
7. mMsZ _amR>s H$moard boI-e.Jmo.Vwinwio
8. gmVdmhZ H$mbsZ _hmamQ>, ^maVs`
ObgH$Vs, dn d `ms, _hmamQ>
[enM[aH$mof ^mJ-1- am.ls._moadMsH$a
9. JmWmgmgB (hmbmMs), gmsg.Am.OmoJioH$a (gnm.)
10 .^maVs` gH$Vs - dmB- n._hmXod ems
Omoes, VH$VsW b_Uems Omoes
11._hmamQ>mMm ^yJmob-M.Yw.XoenmSo>
12.^maVmVsb `wXemmMs Cnojm-O.X.OmoJioH$a
13.JwUmT>-H$Wmg[agmJa
14.mMsZ _amR>s gH$Vs-e.~m.Omoes
15._hmamQ> n[aM`-[M.J.H$d}
16.H$m[Q>`mMo AWem (_amR>s AZwdmX) -Am`
MmU`
17.AqOR>m-am.A.Wmo
18.VsWn _hmamQ>, _hmamQ>mMs YmamVsW} _hmXodems Omoes
19.ImZXoemMm gmH$[VH$ B[Vhmg-_w.~.ehm
20.gmWdmhnW (_amR>s AZwdmX)- n._moVsM
21._hmamQ> gH$Vs , bmoH$gmobm XS>gmoMo
AmhmZ-nw.J.gh~wXo
22._hmamQ> B[Vhmg, mMsZ H$mi ^mJ 1/2,
_hmamQ>mVsb Wmn` d H$bmS>m.AaqdX Om_IoS>H$a-AUM nmR>H$ (gnm)
23.~moYZmVsb nmD$bIwUm, gV dmL>_`mMs
gm_m[OH$ \$blwVs-J.~m.gaXma (gnm)
24._amR>dmS>`mVsb `mXdH$mbsZ _amR>s [ebmboI,
_hmZw^md nWmdarb boIZ`w._.nR>mU (gnm)
25.Xod[JarMo `mXd -~mZX XoenmSo>
26.Jmoaj M[a d Jw nanam, ZmW gXm`mMm
B[Vhmg, [d>b EH$ _hmg_d` k- am.qM.To>ao
27.MmdmH$-JUoe [WQo>
28.ZmW gXm`-_.am.Omoes
29._hmamQ>mVsb H$mhs Vm_nQ> d [ebmboI,
bsimM[a, WmZnmoWs-[d.[^.H$mobVo
30.dmaH$ar gXm`mMm B[Vhmg-e.dm.XmSo>H$a
31.g_mO Am[U Y_-O`V JS>H$ar
32._hmamQ> gH$Vs OS>U Am[U [dH$mgh.ls.eoUmobsH$a (d BVa)

_hdmMo JW
JmdJmS>m-[.Zm.Amo
33.`mXdH$mbsZ _hmamQ>-_w.J.nmZgo
34._amR>s bmoH$mMs gH$Vs , _hmamQ> EH$
A`mg-BamdVs H$d}
35._mZgmomg-[edeoIa [_l (AZw.)
36._wgb_mZ nyduMm _hmamQ> ^mJ 1-2,
noedoH$mbsZ _hmamQ>-dm.H$.^mdo
37.[dS> _hmamQ> , ^maVs` [_`mMm _mJmodm[ddZmW Iao
38._hmamQ> _hmoX`mMm nydaJ-Zm.H$.Jo (d BVa)
39.mMsZ ^maVs` H$bm-_.ls._mQo>
40.n`mdaU Am[U gH$Vs-_.Ho$.T>disH$a
41.[ddmh gWoMm B[Vhmg-[d.H$m.amOdmSo>
42.X[jUo`m _``wJsZ B[VhmgmMs gmYZo ^mJ 13-J.h.Iao,_mo.J.Xs[jV
43._hmamQ>mVsb _mZd- h.Ys.gmH$[b`m(d BVa)
44.qhXy ^maV-[M.[d.d
45.H$boMm B[Vhmg ^maVs` d nmMm`a.Zm.nmQ>H$a
46._hm_m \w$bo (M[a),gmdaH$a, S>m.~m~mgmho~
Am~oS>H$a-YZO` H$sa
47._hmamQ>mVsb Am[Xdmgs dmabs gH$Vs,
_hmamQ>mVsb Am[XdmgtMo ge
bTo>-Jmo[dX Jmao
48.gmdaH$a-eofamd _moao
49.20 `m eVH$mVsb _hmamQ>, gd IS> emoY
~mi-JmonmimMm, g_J-\w$bo.- `.[X.\$S>Ho$
50.AW Vmo XwJ [Okmgm d JS>mdarb
A` nwVHo$-.Ho$.KmUoH$a
51.kmZXod-Zm_Xod, ^mJdVmom
gV EH$ZmW - e.Xm.n|S>go
52._amRo> d BJO-Z.[M.Ho$iH$a
53.JmObo`m VmdZm-H$m[ZQ>H$a
54._`mV d d-hmS>mMm B[Vhmg- `m._m.H$mio
55.JwOamVoVsb _amR>s amOdQ>,^maVmVsb XaImZo[d.Jmo.Imo~aoH$a
56.VOmdaMo amOKamUo-X.~m.nmagZsg
57.Jmo_VH$ , H$Vs Am[U gH$Vs~m.X.gmVmoH$a
58.~hm_Zs am`mMm B[Vhmg, [dOmnyaMs
Am[Xbemhs, Ah_XZJaMs [ZOm_emhs, 59.
JwbeZo B~m[h_s-^.J.Hw$Qo>
60.AmaJOo~ (_amR>s AZwdmX) -OXwZmW gaH$ma
61.gd H$mbIS>mVsb [a`mgVs-Jmo.g.gaXogmB
62._amR>m`m B[VhmgmMs gmYZo, JmodiH$moS>`mMs
Hw$Vw~emhs, [dOmnyaMs 63.Am[Xbemhsdm.gs.~|o
64.qhXds dam` Am[U _moJb, _amR>mMo dmV`
`wX, gw\$s gXm` VdkmZ Am[U nanam, _amRo>
d AmaJOo~ , _wKb Xa~maMs ~mV_snogoVw_mYdamd nJS>s
65.[dO`ZJaMo gm_m`-dgwYam [\$bs`moPm

(gnm.)
66._hmamQ>mMm B[Vhmg _``wJsZ H$mbIS> ^mJ
1-2- Jmo.`.Hw$bH$Uu (gnm.)
amYm-_mYd [dH$mgMny, B[Vhmg d Eo[Vhm[gH$,
noedo XaIS>, [ddmhgWoMm 67.B[Vhmg[d.H$m.amOdmSo> (gnm.)
68.[dO`ZJa _maH$ JW-H$a_aH$a(d BVa)
69._amR>mMm B[Vhmg IS> 1 Vo 3A.am.Hw$bH$Uu,J.h.Iao (gnm.)
70._amR>m`m gmoMm CH$f -(_amR>s AZwdmX)
Z. a.\$mQ>H$,`m._.Jmo.amZSo>
71.nm[ZnV 1761, eoOdbH$amMo [Z~Y`. e.eoOdbH$a
72.[H$VnwamU- \$mXa Q>s\$g
73.noedoH$mbsZ s OsdZ-emaXm Xoe_wI
74.am_Xmg Am[U am_Xmgs-e.ls.Xod
75.Ho$gar ~moY,_hmamQ>mMm nn
B[Vhmg-X. [d.AmnQo> (gnm.)
76.H$mVsH$mar [Q>iH$ d `mMm H$miA.O.H$aXsH$a
77.g_J Am~oS>H$a-~s.gs.H$m~io
78.S>m.~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$amMs ^mfU_m.\$.JmOao
79.[Z~Y_mbm-[dUyems [MniyUH$a
80.H$mimVsb [ZdS>H$ [Z~Y-[e._.namOno
81.Am H$mVsH$maH$ dmgwXod ~idV \$S>Ho$ M[a[d. ls.Omoes
82.gmmVa ^mJ 1 Vo 3-Jmo[dX VidiH$a
83.amQ>s` EH$m_Vm Am[U ^maVs` _wgb_mZ h_sX XbdmB
84._wbImdoJim- amOmAnm nV
85.AmOH$mbMm _hmamQ>-^mH$a
nm`o/ls.am.[Q>Ho$H$a
86.S>m.~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$amMo ~[hH$V ^maVdgV _yZ
87.Y_,OsdZ Am[U VdkmZ-[d.am.[eXo
88.AR>ameo gmmdZMo dmV` g_a, _mPs O_Ro>n,
_mon`mMo ~S>, ghm gmoZoar nmZo- [d.Xm.gmdaH$a
89.^maVs` dmV` g_a-~miems haXmg
90.XwJ ^_U JmWm, am`JS>Ms
OsdZJmWm-Jmo. Zs.XmSo>H$a
91.AmYw[ZH$ ^maV-e.Xm.OmdSo>H$a
92.`wJmVa -`edVamd MhmU
93.XnU-~miems Om^oH$a
94.eVno-Jmo.h.Xoe_wI (bmoH$[hVdmXs)
95._hmamQ>mVsb _hm_WZ-bmbOs n|S>go
96._hm_m \w$bo Am[U Y_, MmdmH$ XeZAm.h.gmiwHo$
97.OmJa, _Zw_[V H$mhs [dMma-Zaha Hw$XH$a
98.mMsZ ^maVmVsb Jwbm_[Jar-XodamO MZmZm
(^maVs` B[Vhmg gemoYH$ _S>i,nwUo, [dX^
gemoYH$ _S>i ZmJnya, B[Vhmg d gH$Vs _w~B,
[ddH$mof dmB, amOdmSo> gemoYZ _S>i,Ywio `mMs
g~[YV H$meZo WimA^mds gdmMs [dVV Zm|X
KoUo O_bo Zmhs.)

OyZ-Owb 2011

87

gm[h` jombm amOml` XoD$Z [VR>mZ (nR>U)

`oWo [dmnsR> [Z_mU Ho$bo. _hmamQ>mbm d^dm`m
[eIamda ZoUmao Vo Am amOKamUo hmo`. hUyZ
AbsH$So> `m`m H$mimbm gwdU`wJ _mZ`mMm
KmV Amho. JwUmT>mMo H$Wmg[agmJa, hmb
gmVdmhZmMs JmWmgmgB Am[U gms`m
nR>mamdarb eoH$S>mo ~m bo`m `m`m gnVoMs
dmhs XoVmV. hUOo ^maVmMo n[hbo gwdU`wJ
_hmamQ>m`m nR>mar ^y_sV gmH$ma Pmbo, ho [H$Vs
bmoH$mZm kmV Amho? gwdU`wJ hQ>bo H$s JwmMm
H$mbIS> AmR>dVmo. nU, `mnyduM Vo _hmamQ>mV
Am[U gmVdmhZ H$mimV [Z_mU Pmbo hmoVo.
[edm` 450 dfmH$[aVm am` H$aUmao ^maVs`
nmVisdarb VoM EH$_od amOKamUo hmo`.
`m`mZVa Ambo`m dmH$mQ>H$m`m H$mbIS>mV
A[OR>mMs OJ[g boUs AmH$mamg Ambs.
H$bmH$ma _hmamQ>s`M hmoVo. Aes boUs OJmV
BVa ZmhsV ho [deof. ho dmM`m[edm` H$go
g_Oob?
ZVa Ambo`m amOKam`m_`o amQ>Hy$Q> ho
AgoM EH$ namH$_s KamUo. [VHy$b n`mdaUmes
PwO XoV `mZs _hmamQ>mda VsZ eVHo$ dMd
JmO[dbo. Amn`m gmoMm `mZs ^maV^a Xamam
[Z_mU H$$Z gd g_H$mbsZ [V{R>V
amOKam`mes ddm[hH$ g~Y OmoS>bo. Z_Xm
Imo`mnmgyZ H$Um Imo`mn`V`m XoemMo Vo
dm_s hmoVo. `m`mM H$mimV doiMo nmfmU
[en, H$bmg boUo AmH$mamg Ambo. `m`mM

88 OyZ-Owb 2011

H$mimV IOwamhmo `oWsb [dd[d`mV _[XamMs

[Z[_Vs Pmbs. VoWsb H$Ym[a`m _hmXod _[Xa d
nmdZmW _[Xa `m`m [Z[_Vs_`o amQ>Hw$Q>m`m
H$bmH$mamMm gh^mJ Ag`mMo H$bmjomVsb
OmUH$ma gmJVmV. `m`m H$mimV H$mZS>s
gm[h`mMo gwdU`wJ Pmbo ho H$[S>JmZm _mhsV
Zgmdo. doi Am[U A[OR>m hs AmO OmJ[VH$
dmagm Wio, hs _hmamQ>mMs \$ma _moR>s [Z[_Vs
hmo`. Vs nmh`mgmR>s gmao OJ [Vdfu dmT>`m
g`oZo _hmamQ>mbm ^oQ> XoV AgVo. `mZVaMm
`mXdH$mi ho A`m_mMo `wJ _mZbo OmVo. `mM
H$mimV _amR>s ^mfoMs OS>U-KS>U Pmbs.
kmZoda, Zm_XodmgmaIo OJX{d`mV gV [Z_mU
Pmbo. [VHy$b n[a{WVsda _mV H$$Z `mZs
_hmamQ>mMs A{_Vm OmJV Ho$bs d Am`m{_H$
g_VoMs dOm (VsM dmaH$ar nWmMs dOm)
C^m$Z OmVs-nmVs`m, H$_H$mS>m`m,
~wdm~mOs`m, ed-dUdm`m VWm _mojm`m
^m_H$ H$nZmZs _moSy> nmhUmam _hmamQ> `mZs
EH$m dOmImbs AmU`mMm H$gyZ `Z Ho$bm.
dsg-~mdsg dfm`m kmZXodmZm Am`w`mV Oo
e` hmoVo (_m`m ~mhs `m `mo_ H$i[dbo) Vo
H$$Z _amR>sbm A_VmMs JmoS>s CnbY H$$Z
[Xbs. (A_VmVo hs nOm [OHo$) `mMm XoXr`_mZ
dmagm Mmb[d`mg AmnU H$_s nS>bmo.
ZVa`m _w{b_ amOdQ>sV gm_VemhsMm
AdmOds gma, H$_H$mS>mMm CmH$ d _amR>s
_ZmMm hmg `m VsZ XwJwUmZs _hmamQ> V Pmbm.

V_mo`wJ [Z_mU Pmbo. nR>U`m EH$ZmWmZs

dmVdmMo XeZ KS>[d`mMs [eH$V Ho$bs.
am_Xmg-VwH$mam_mZs hmM dmagm nwTo> Mmb[dbm.
g_mO gwYmaUoMo `Z Ho$bo. `mZVa N>nVs
[edmOs`m $nmZo [edmMm AdVma Pmbm. hm
gmam B[Vhmg _hmamQ>s` _mUgmbm kmV Amho.
`mZs [Z_mU Ho$bo`m dmV`m`m oaUoVyZM
AmnUmg BJOm[d bT>`mMs \y$Vu [_imbs.
`mM H$mimV dmgwXod ~idV \$S>Ho$, am_Os
^mJam, gmdaH$a, H$mhoao, amOJw$ AmXs
H$m[VH$maH$ [Z_mU Pmbo. `m`m hmVm`mZo gmam
^maV T>diyZ [ZKmbm.
bmoH$_m` [Q>iH$mZs ^maVs` amQ>dmXmbm
gK[Q>V H$$Z BJOm[d `mnH$ bT>m C^mabm.
`mZs EH$m H$m{V`wJmbm O_ [Xbm. Zm_Xma
JmoIbo, AmJaH$a, \w$bo `mMo `moJXmZ _hmamQ>mbm
bbm_^yV Amho. ZVa ^maVaZ S>m. ~m~mgmho~
Am~oS>H$a `mZs [Xbobm bT>m d [b[hbobs KQ>Zm
gdlwV Amho. Z`m [nT>sbm `mMm n[aM` hmdm,
`mZo `mMo dmMZ d _ZZ H$amdo hUyZ H$mhs
Cn`w$ JWmMs Zmdo gmo~V [Xbs AmhoV. JWmMs
[ZdS> H$aVmZm Ho$di _amR>s JWmMsM OmUsdnydH$
[ZdS> Ho$bs Amho ho dmMH$mZs [dg$ Z`o. VgoM
`m_`o Ho$di 1947n`V`m B[Vhmg d
gH$Vsdarb JWmMm AmT>mdm KoVbm Amho. `m_`o
AbsH$S>sb H$meZo KoVbs ZmhsV.
gnH$ : 0240-2353275

[edH$mbsZ B[Vhmg

amR>mMo B[VhmgH$ma [edH$mbmMs

_`mXm B.g. 1600 Vo 1707 Aes
_mZVmV. `m_`o N>nVs [edmOs
_hmamOmMs H$maH$sX _w` Agbs Var `m`m
H$m`mMs nmd^y_s 25/30 df} AJmoXanmgyZ V`ma
hmoV hmoVs, ho bjmV KoD$Z [edH$mbmMm ma^
gw_mao gZ 1600 Agm Yabm OmVmo. [edmOs
_hmamOm`m [ZYZmZVa _amR>mZs [hXds
dam`m`m ajUmgmR>s Omo 25/26 df} bT>m
[Xbm, Vmohs H$mbIS> [edH$mbmMmM EH$ ^mJ
_mZbm OmVmo. `mMo _w` H$maU hUOo `m bT>mV
_hmamOmMs dmV`mMs [eH$dU hsM _amR>m`m
bT>mMs Iar oaUm hmoVs. gZ 1707_Ysb
~mXehm AmaJOo~m`m _`yZo hm bT>m gnbm
Am[U EH$m AWmZo [edH$mbmMm AV Pmbm.
~mXemhs H$XoVyZ gwQy>Z dam`mV Ambo`m
emhyamOmZs [edmOs _hmamOmMo dmV`mMo,
gmd^m_dmMo Vd gmoSy>Z [Xbo Am[U `m~amo~a
EH$ Zdo nd _amR>m`m B[VhmgmV gw$ Pmbo.

S>m. O`[gJamd ndma

dV gmm hUyZ Zho, Va ~mXehmMo _mS>[bH$
hUyZ _amR>mZs Amnbs gmm [hXwWmZmV
dmT>dbs. `m H$mbIS>mg "noedmB' Ago Zmd [Xbo
Jobo.
AmnUmg VwV [edH$mbm`m B[Vhmgmda
[Z_mU Pmbobs JWgnXm nmhmd`mMs Amho. `m
JWgnXoMo XmoZ ^mJ nS>VmV : 1. gmYZJW Am[U
2. [gJW. [edemhsMs H$mJXno, ~Iar,
Vdm[aIm B`mXs gm[h` `m_`o [g Pmbobo
Amho Vo gd gmYZJW hmoV; Am[U `m
gmYZJWm`m AmYmao Oo B[Vhmg [b[hbo Jobo Vo
gd [gJW hmoV. CXmhaUmW, B[VhmgmMm`
amOdmS>mMs "_amR>m`m B[VhmgmMs gmYZo' `m
ZmdmMs JW_mbm, ho gmYZJW AmhoV, Va
[a`mgVH$ma gaXogmB`m "_amR>s [a`mgVs' ho
[gJW hmoV. `oWo [edH$mbm`m B[Vhmgm`m
[gJWmMs gyMs Xo`mMm `Z Amho.
hs gyMs \$$ _amR>sV [g Pmbo`m JWmMs
Amho. BJOs, nmoVwJsO, \o$M, \$maes B`mXs
naH$s` ^mfmVsb JWmMm `mV g_mdoe Ho$bobm
Zmhs. H$maU Vgm Vmo A[^oV Zmhs. Iao hUOo
[edH$mbmda AmVmn`V gd H$maMo [_iyZ

bhmZ_moRo> Ago [H$Vs JW Pmbo, `mMmhs H$gyZ

emoY `m`bm hdm. _m`m AXmOmZwgma Aem
JWmMs g`m ghO 500n`V Omds. AWmV, `mV
B[Vhmgmbm dm[hbobs _m[gHo$ d N>moQ>m_moR>m
nw{VH$mMmhs g_mdoe H$amdm bmJob.
VwV`m gyMsV _mbmoOsamOo ^mogbo

`m`mnmgyZ _hmamUs Vmam~mBn`V`m _amR>m

am`H$`mMo M[aJW Va AmhoVM, [edm`
_amR>mZm `m EH$m ~bmT> eyes bT>mdo bmJbo
`m AmaJOo~ ~mXehm`m M[amMohs JW Zm|Xdbo
AmhoV. H$maU, _amR>mMm dmV`mMm bT>m g_OyZ
`m`Mm Pmbm Va AmaJOo~ H$moU hmoVm, ho _mhsV
H$$Z KoUo, JaOoMo AgVo. `mM~amo~a `m gyMsV
_amR>m am`mVsb [H$`mdarb JWmMmhs g_mdoe
Ho$bm Amho. `mMohs H$maU CKS> Amho. H$maU,
_amR>mMo "dam`' `m [H$`m`m gmhm`mZoM
C^o am[hbo, `m [H$`m`m gmhm`mZoM [dVmabo
Am[U `m [H$`m`m _XVsZoM `mMo ajUhs
Pmbo. [edmOs _hmamOmMs amOZsVs gmJV AgVm
"gnyU am`mMo gma Vo XwJ' Ago Oo CXJma
am_MnV A_m`mZo Amn`m "AmkmnmV' H$mT>bo
AmhoV, Vo Eo[Vhm[gH$ g`mbm Y$ZM AmhoV.
Vohm _amR>m`m [H$`mMo B[VhmgJW
am`H$`m`m M[aJWmBVHo$M _hdmMo AmhoV.
[H$~hwZm _amR>s am`H$`mMs M[ao [H$`m`m
B[VhmgmZsM gOdbs Jobs AmhoV. am`JS>,
amOJS>, [ghJS>, nhmim, [demiJS> Aem
EHo$H$m [H$`mda nwH$i nwVHo$ [b[hbs Jobs
AmhoV. `m gdmMm BWo [dVmamZo CoI Ho$bobm
Zmhs. nU, AZoH$ [H$`mMm B[Vhmg gmJUm`m
_moO`mM JWmMm O$a g_mdoe Ho$bobm Amho.
`m ~amo~aM [edH$mbsZ g_mO`dWm,
amOZsVs, emgZZsVs, aUZsVs B`mXs
[df`mdarb H$mhs [ZdS>H$ JWmMmhs [ZX}e gyMsV
Ho$bobm Amho. `md$Z AmnUmg [edH$mbsZ
g_mOOsdZmMo VgoM amOZsVs- aUZsVsMo `WmW
XeZ KS>Vo. gdgm_m` B[Vhmgo_tZm bT>m`mMo,
em`namH$_mMo B[Vhmg AmdS>VmV. am`o
namH$_mZs C^s amhVmV ho Iao, nU Vs [Q>H$VmV,
am`H$`mZs AJrH$mabo`m amOZsVs`m,
emgZZsVs`m VgoM aUZsVs`m JwUm_wio.
hUyZM `m [df`mdarb JWmMo _hd A[YH$
Amho.
eodQ>s _amR>s dmMH$m`m ZOaog EH$ JmoQ> AmUy
B{N>Vmo. Vs hUOo hs gyMs H$mhs A[V_ Zho.
`mV H$mhs _hdm`m JWmMm Zm_[ZX}e amhyZhs
Jobm Agob. Zho, Ves A[YH$ e`Vm Amho. `m
_`mXo[Zes dmMH$mZs `m gyMsMo AdbmoH$Z H$amdo,
hs [dZVs.
(gyMr nwT>rb nmZmda)

OyZ-Owb 2011

89

_mbmoOsamOo, ehmOsamOo
d amO_mVm [OOm~mB

1. _mbmoOsamOo Am[U ehmOs _hmamO `mMs

[d[M[H$gH$ M[ao - dm.gs. ~|o
2. _amR>s [a`mgV : IS> 1 : ehmOsamOo ^mogbo Jmo.g. gaXogmB
3. ls ehmOsamOo ^mogbo - lsYa VobH$a
4. ehmOsamOo ^mogbo - S>m. Eg.E. ~mhoH$a
5. amO_mVm [OOm~mB - _m.gm. H$_dma
6. amQ>_mVm [OOmD$ - S>m. Eg.E. ~mhoH$a
7. [OOmD$gmho~ - _XZ nmQ>sb
8. [ddd [OOmD$ - m. Cd H$moino
N>nVs [edmOs _hmamO
9. _amR>mMs ~Ia : _yi JW (History of the
Maharashtra - Oog JQ>
S>\$ : AZw. H$. So>[dS> Ho$nZ.
10. _amR>s gmoMm CX` : _yi JW- (Rise of the
Maratha Power) `m. _. Jmo. amZSo>
AZw.- m. Z.a. \$mQ>H$.
11. _amR>s [a`mgV IS> 1 : eH$H$Vm [edmOs Jmo.g. gaXogmB.
12. Adb _amR>emhsMo AV:d$n : B.g.
1644 - 1707 - Jmo.g. gaXogmB
13. j[`Hw$bmdVg N>n[V [edmOs _hmamO `mMo
M[a - H$.A. Ho$iygH$a.
14. ls [edmOs _hmamO - dm.H$. ^mdo
15. [edmOs d [edH$mb (_yi JW- Shivaji
and His Times), - ga OXwZmW gaH$ma
: AZw. [d.g. dmH$gH$a.
16. XJb~mO [edmOs - Ho$ed gsVmam_ R>mH$ao.
17. _amR>m dam`gWmnH$ ls [edmOs _hmamO
- [M.[d. d.
18. [edmOs [Z~Ymdbs - 1 d 2
gnm.- Z.[M. Ho$iH$a d X.[d. AmnQo>,
([edM[a H$m`mb`, nwUo)
19. [edM[a [Z~Ymdbs - gnm.- Z.[M. Ho$iH$a
d X.[d. AmnQo>, ([edM[a H$m`mb`, nwUo)
20. _hmZ ~S>Imoa (_yi JW-the Grand Rebel)
- So>[Zg [H$Ho$S> : AZw. m. ^JdVamd Xoe_wI.
21. [M_` [edmOs : `.Z. Ho$iH$a.
22. ls N>nVs [edmOs _hmamO : IS> 1 d IS> 2
- dm.gs. ~|o.
23. N>nVs [edmOs _hmamO
- nwUo [dmnsR> - [X.[d. H$mio.
24. VmnJS>Mo `w - H$. J.dm. _moS>H$.
25. ls [edN>nVs - `.e. eoOdbH$a.
26. _hmamQ>mMm B[Vhmg : _amR>m H$mbIS> :
[edH$mb : B.g. 1630-1707
S>m. [d.Jmo. Imo~aoH$a.
27. [edM[a - n. goVw_mYdamd nJS>s.
28. [edM[a-EH$ A`mg-n. goVw_mYdamd nJS>s.
29. ~hy AgmoV gwXa - n. goVw_mYdamd nJS>s.
30. nw`bmoH$ N>nVr [edmOs : IS> 1 Vo 4 ~miems haXmg.
31. amOm [edN>nVs - ~._mo. nwaXao.
32. N>nVs [edam` : IS> 1 d 2 - [dO` Xoe_wI.
33. [edM[amMo nby - _._. Xmmo dm_Z nmoVXma.

90 OyZ-Owb 2011

34. [edamOmgs AmR>dmdo

- emgH$s` _`dVu _wUmb`.
32. _amR>mMm B[Vhmg : IS> 1 d 2 - gnm.
m. J.h. Iao d S>m. A.am. Hw$bH$Uu
(_hmamQ> [dmnsR> JW[Z[_Vs _S>i)
33. N>nVs [edmOs - g`X A_sZ.
34. [edH$`mU amOm - ~mi gm_V.
35. ls amOm [edN>nVs : IS> 1 Vo 3
- JOmZZ ^mH$a _oh|Xio.
36. N>nVs [edmOs _hmamO-S>m. .Z. XoenmSo>.
37. doY _hm_mZdmMm - S>m. ls[Zdmg gm_V.
38. [edemhsMm emoY - m. dgV H$mZoQ>H$a.
39. [edmOs H$moU hmoVm? - H$m. Jmo[dX nmZgao.
40. j[`Hw$bmdVg N>nVr [edmOs _hmamO m. am.Am. H$X_.
41. [edN>nVs - EH$ _mJmodm - S>m. O`[gJamd
ndma.
42. [edM[amnmgyZ Amhs H$m` [eH$mdo? - S>m.
O`[gJamd ndma.
43. _amRo>emhsMo AVaJ - S>m. O`[gJamd ndma.
44. eH$H$V} ls amOm [edN>nVs
- am.Zm. MhmU.
45. [edN>nVs : g_O - Ang_O
- AmZX KmoanSo>.
46. [V - B[Vhmg, ([ed- B[VhmgmMo
g`d$n) - MeoIa [eIao.
47. [edmOs N>nVs - `m_H$mV OmYd.
N>nVs g^mOs, N>nVs amOmam_ d _hmamUs
Vmam~mB
48. (_amR>mMo dmV``w : B.g.
1681- 1707)
49. Y_dsa N>nVr g^mOs_hmamO `mMo g[j
M[a - ^mD$gmho~ ndma.
50. N>nVr g^mOs _hmamO - dm.gs. ~|o.
51. [ednw g^mOs - S>m. H$_b JmoIbo.
52. N>nVs g^mOs _maH$ JW
- S>m. O`[gJamd ndma.
53. dbdbZVoOg g^mOsamOm
- S>m. gXm[ed [edXo.
54. goZmnVs h~saamd _mo[hVo - S>m. gXm[ed [edXo.
55. hwVm_m N>nVs g^mOs amOo - S>m. Eg.E.
~mhoH$a.
56. A{Vs` N>nVs ls g^mOs _hmamO : IS> 1 Vo 3
- AS>. AZV [d. XmadQ>H$a.
57. hwVm_m g^mOs - eH$aamd gmdV.
58. dam`ajH$ N>nVs g^mOs - AmZX
KmoanSo>.
59. [d[dY H$mbIS>mVsb H$VddmZ g^mOs Xsn gmoiwHo$.
60. _amR>mMo dmV` g_a : N>nVr g^mOs m. e.ls. nwam[UH$.
61. _amR>mMo dmV`g_a : N>nVr amOmam_ d
Vmam~mB - m. e.ls. nwam[UH$.
62. ls N>nVr amOmam_ _hmamO Am[U ZoVdhsZ
qhXds dam`mMm _moJbmes PJS>m
- dm.gs. ~|o.
63. qhXds dam` Am[U _moJb - n.
goVw_mYdamd nJS>s.

64. _hmamUs Vmam~mB - S>m. O`[gJamd ndma.

65. _amR>mMo dmV``w
- S>m. O`[gJamd ndma.
66. goZmnVs gVmOs KmoanSo>
- S>m. O`[gJamd ndma.
67. N>nVs amOmam_ d Vmam~mB
- S>m. gXm[ed [edXo.
68. KmoS>XmS> gVmOsMs - ^mH$a ^mdo.
69. A{Vs` goZmZs gVmOs KmoanSo>
- ~mimgmho~ _mZo.
70. aUPwPma goZmnVs gVmOs KmoanSo>
- _hoe V|SwbH$a.
~mXehm AmaJOo~
71. AmaJOo~mMm B[Vhmg : (A Short History of
Aurangzib) ga OXwZmW gaH$ma : AZw. S>m. ^.J. Hw$Qo>
72. [Z`Vs`m [di`mV AmaJOo~ - n. goVw_mYdamd
nJS>s.
73. AmaJOo~ : e`Vm Am[U emoH$m[VH$m - adt
JmoS>~mobo.
JS>H$moQ> - [H$o
74. _hmamQ>mMs YmamVsW} - n. _hmXodems Omoes.
75. XwJ^_U JmWm - Jmo.[Z. XmSo>H$a.
76. [H$o - Jmo.[Z. XmSo>H$a.
77. ObXwJm`m ghdmgmV - .Ho$. KmUoH$a.
78. gmX gmsMs, ^Q>H$Vs [H$`mMs - .
Ho$. KmUoH$a.
79. S>m|Ja`mm - AmZX nmiXo.
80. XwJ - gVse AH$mobH$moQ>.
81. JS>H$moQ> - ^JdmZ [Mbo.
82. doY ObXwJmMm - ^JdmZ [Mbo.
83. JS>[H$o _hmamQ>mMo - _moX _mSo>.
84. _amR>mMs YmamVsW} - drU ^mogbo.
84. gmJmVs gmsMm - `J [PJmamo Q>o[H$J b~.
85. _hmamQ>mVsb Cno[jV XwJmMm B[Vhmg
- IS> 1 d 2 - S>m. Os.~s. ehm.
86. [edN>nVt`m g_mYsMm emoY d ~moY
- B[OV gmdV.
[edH$mbsZ g_mO, amOZsVs, emgZZsVs d aUZsVs
87. _hmamQ>mMm gm_m[OH$ B[Vhmg : [edH$mbsZ
_hmamQ> - dm.H$. ^mdo.
88. [edmOsMs amOZsVs - ^mH$a dm_Z ^Q>.
89. AdmMsZ _hmamQ>o[VhmgH$mbmVsb am`H$ma^mamMm
A`mg - B.g. 1600 - 1680- e.Zm. Omoes.
90. N>nVtMm amOH$moe, (am``dhmaH$moe)
- gnm. A.X. _amRo>.
91. _amR>m A_bmMo d$n - S>m. [d.Jmo. Imo~aoH$a
92. [edH$mbsZ amOZsVs Am[U aUZsVs
- lsYa aJZmW Hw$bH$Uu
93. [edH$mbsZ _hmamQ> - S>m. A.am. Hw$bH$Uu.
94. Aes hmoVs [edemhs - S>m. A.am. Hw$bH$Uu.
95. _amRo> d _hmamQ> - S>m. A.am. Hw$bH$Uu.
96. [edN>nVtMs `m`ZsVs - S>m. Q>s.Q>s. _hmOZ.
97. _hmamOm`m bT>m`m - _o. _w.Zm. Omoes ([Z.)

gnH$ : 0231-23222642

dm

^md[ZH$ Am[U ~m[H$ _mZXS>

L>_`[Z[_Vs XmoZ H$maMs AgVo.

[Zdi dMm[aH$ Im nwa[d`m`m
JWmMo godZ H$aUmam dJ `oH$
g_mOmV bhmZM AgVmo. gOZesb gm[h`hs
dMm[aH$ Im nwadVo. \$$ `m Immbm H$m` dm
H$WoMo $n XoD$Z nmH$H$Vs nMdmd`mg gmons Ho$bs
OmVo. [edm` dMm[aH$ ImmV ~w[m_m` OmV
AgVo Va gOZesb ImmV ^mdZmYmZVm A[YH$
AgVo. Xmohs H$ma`m dmL>_`[Z[_VsV g`m_H$
AVa [OVHo$ H$_s AgVo [VVH$m Vmo g_mO
gmH$[VH$Q>m A[YH$ ls_V hmoVmo. Amn`m
g_mOmV ~w[m_m`dmXs JW[Z[_Vs H$_s _mUmV
hmoV Amho Va ^mdZmYmZ gm[h` A[YH$m[YH$
_mUmda [Z_mU hmoV Amho. `mo` _mU amImd`mMo
Agob Va `oH$ g_mOKQ>H$mbm Am[WH$ Q>MmB`m
d Ymdnis`m OsdZmVhs H$mhs K[Q>H$m dmMZ
H$a`mgmR>s Ama[jV Ro>dUo AJ`mMo R>aob. `m
H$m_s emgZ nwaH$V d A` gWm nwaH$V dV
[H$_VsV CnbY H$$Z [Xbo`m A[^OmV
dMm[aH$ d gOZesb gm[h`mMm dmQ>m A[YH$
R>aUma Amho.
IaoVa, dmMH$mMs gX[^Ms hs
Zoh_s`m ej[UH$ A`mgH$_mVyZ KS>V Jobs
nm[hOo. nU, ej[UH$ [dH$mg H$s [dVma `m noMmV
nS>bo`m emgZm`m YmoaUmVyZ [_imbo`m
[ejUmVyZ ho KS>Uo e` Amho Ago dmQ>V Zmhs.
`m_wio A` `ZmZsM ho KS>[dVm `oBb, Ago
dmQ>Vo. [d[dY gm[h`gWmZs `m H$m_s nwT>mH$ma
KoV`mg _mJ gwb^ hmoBb. H$meH$mZs Ho$di
J`mda Q>s Ro>dy Z`o, boIH$mZshs "_mJUs Vgm
nwadR>m' ho YmoaU A_bmV AmUy Z`o. dV:g H$mhs
[Z{MV gmJmd`mMo Agob VaM [bhmdo. dmQ>`mg
[bhmdo hdo VodTo;> nU, `mVsb _hdmMo VodTo>M
[g H$amdo. ho gd gmJUo gmono Amho `mMs H$nZm
Amho. nU, gdmZs Amn`m boIZ d [dMma
dmV`mbm AmnU hmoD$Z [H$_mZ XOmMs _`mXm
KmbyZ KoV`m[edm` [M nmbQo>b Ago [XgV
Zmhs. "_hmamQ> Q>mBg'Zo 29 OyZ 1986`m
a[ddma`m AH$mV XsS>eo _amR>s gm[h`bo`mMs
`mXs N>mn`mMm Omo CnH$_ Ho$bm Vmo _bm `{$e:
dmJVmh AemgmR>s dmQ>bm H$s, Ho$di A[^OmV
gm[h` dmMm AWdm nydgwatMo ^mZ Ro>dm Ago
gmJ`mZo gm_m` dmMH$mbm \$mago [XXeZ hmoUmao
Zmhs. dmMZmMs AmdS> AgUm`mbm ~`mMXm
H$m` dmMmdo ho H$iV Zmhs. H$moUmg [dMmamdo Va

^sS> AmS>ds `oVo. hUyZM H$moUsVar A[^OmV

gm[h`mMs `mXs H$amd`mg hds hmoVs. AWmV,
Aem H$maMs `mXs H$aUo ho WmoSo> YmS>gmMoM H$m_
AgVo. H$maU, A[^OmV gm[h`mMo bjU R>a[dUo
H$_H$R>sU AgVo. EImm`m AmOmamda Zo_Ho$ d
_moOHo$ Cnm` EImXm d gmJy eHo$b; nU,
A[^OmV gm[h`mMo JwU Aem Zo_`m d _moO`m
eXmV gmJVm `oV ZmhsV Am[U `m_wioM A[^OmV

AU [Q>Ho$H$a
gm[h`mMs gmons d gai `m`m H$aVm `oV Zmhs.
MmJ`m gm[h`mMo gd_m` JwU `m
dmL>_`H$VsV AmhoV d Os H$mim`m dmhmV
[Q>Ho$b [Vbm A[^OmV hQ>bo OmVo. dmMZmMs JmoS>s
bmdmd`mMs Va _amR>s ^mfoVsb Aem A[^OmV
gm[h`H$VtMs `mXs Z`m dmMH$m`m hmVs nS>Uo
Amd`H$ hmoVo, nU gdH$f [ZH$fmda `mXs V`ma
H$a`mMo H$m_ AdKS> Amho. hUyZM

gdgmYmaUnUo _m` hmoBb Aes `mXs H$amd`mMo

AZoH$ `Z Pmbo, Varhs ~hwVme A`eds Pmbo.
Aes `mXs V`ma H$$Z Vs [g H$a`mMo YmS>g
"_hmamQ> Q>mBg'`m gnmXH$mZs XmI[dbo. `m
`m`m `eds `ZmMo dmJV Pmbo. _w` hUOo
dmnm`m _m`_mVyZ hs `mXs gm_m`
dmMH$mn`V nmohmoMbs.

"_hmamQ> Q>mBg'Zo [g Ho$bo`m XsS>eo

[ZdS>H$ d `mZVa dmMH$m`m [e\$magtda
AmYmabo`m OmoS>-`mXsVsb gmmdsg Aem EH$Xa
EH$eog`mhma JWmMs hs `mXs, n[h`m XsS>eo
JWmMs `mXs [g H$aVmZm gnmXH$s` [Q>nUs_`o
hQ>bo hmoVo H$s, "`m _amR>s JWmZs _hmamQ>s` _Z
^m[dV Ho$bo. _amR>s dmL>_`mMm _moham ~Xbbm,
[dMmamMs Zds [Xem XmI[dbs, Z`m Om[Udm
[Z_mU Ho$`m, Zdm gm[h`H$ma $T> Ho$bm, VgoM
Oo JW _hmamQ>m`m ^md[ZH$ Am[U ~m[H$
[dH$mg_mJmV _mZXS> hmoD$Z am[hbo. WmoS>`mV,
`m gm[h`H$Vs [nT>mZ[nT>m dmM`m Jo`m
AmhoV [H$dm dmM`m OmVsb Aem XsS>eo [ZdS>H$
JWmMs hs H$mbmZwH$_o Ho$bobs `mXs
MH$Yadm_t`m bsimM[amnmgyZ Vs gw$ Pmbs
Am[U WoQ> 1985V [g Pmbo`m JWmn`V `oD$Z
Ro>nbs.
H$mhs MmoIXi dmMH$m`m d gm[h`JUs`m
g`mZo V`ma Ho$bs Agbs Var Aem H$mao \$$
XsS>eo JWmMs `mXs H$aUo hUOo Z`m dmXmbm Vm|S>
XoUo ho "_hmamQ> Q>mBg'`m gnmXH$mZs AmYsM
VmS>bo Agmdo. H$maU, `mM gnmXH$s` [Q>nUs_`o
`mZs hQ>bo Amho H$s, "_amR>s dmL>_`m`m ^mam^a
ggmamVyZ \$$ XsS>eo _mohao [ZdS>`mMo H$m_
AWmVM XwH$a Amho. hs `mXs IynM [dMmanydH$
Ho$bobs Agbs Var Aem H$ma`m `mXsV
EH$dm`Vm AgUo e` Zmhs `mMshs OmU Amho.
nU, hs `mXs [g H$a`m_mJMm `mMm hoVy
gwOmU d BNw>H$ _amR>s dmMH$mbm Vs _mJXeH$
R>amds EdT>mM Ag`mMo `mZs hQ>bo Amho; Am[U
Vmo ~hes `eds Pmbm Amho ho [Z{MV.
hs `mXs JWmbs A[^Zd dmMH$ Midi
nw{VHo$`m d$nmV [g H$$Z gm_m`
dmMH$m`m hmVs XoV Amho d AYwH$ COoS> XoUm`m
nUVsbm A[YH$ _m[hVs`m $nmZo A[YH$ _moR>s
VobdmV bmdyZ Ro>dV Amho. hmhs gm_m`
dmMH$m`m Q>sZo MmJbm `moJm`moJ Amho. `m
VobdmVs`m nUVsMo $nmVa A[YH$ H$me
XoUm`m [X`mV hmodmo. _amR>s dmMH$mMs Am[U
`mVhs gwOmU dmMH$mMs g`m dmT>mo. _amR>s
boIH$ d H$meH$mZm g`m_H$ Q>snojm XOm`m
Q>sZo _amR>s dmL>_` g_ H$a`mMo ^m` bm^mo
hsM BN>m.
(amR>rVrb gm[h` boUr `m nw{VHo$Vrb
VmdUoMm H$mhr ^mJ. gnyU `mXr nwT>rb nmZmda)

OyZ-Owb 2011

91

_amR>sVsb gm[h`boUs

[ZdSH$> JWmMs hr `mXs _hmamQ> Q>mBg`m [X. 29 OyZ 1986`m a[ddma AmdmsV [g Pmbs hmoVs. Vr V`ma
Ho$br hmoVr : JmoqdX VidbH$a, nw.b. XoenmS>o, AU AmR>`o Am{U AU {Q>Ho$H$a `m m`damZr!
hr m{hVr AmVm WM dmMH$mgmoa `oV Amho.
bsimM[a
ls. MH$Yadm_s
boIZH$mi eHo$ 1208 nydu
_hmamQ> am` gm[h` gH$Vs _S>i,
_w~B, 1978
-------------------Zm_XodmMo A^J
Zm_Xod (eHo$ 1192-1272)
B[Xam, nwUo
eHo$ 1830
-------------------kmZodar
kmZoda (kmZXod)
boIZH$mi-eHo$ 1212
-------------------VwH$mam_~mdm`m A^JmMs JmWm
VwH$mam_
boIZH$mb-eHo$ 1546 ZVa
-------------------Xmg~moY
g_W am_Xmg
aMZmH$mb-eHo$ 1581
-------------------ZdZsV
gnmXH$-naewam_ ~mi JmoS>~mobo
gaH$mar [dmImVo, _w~B, 1858
-------------------`_wZmn`Q>Z AWdm
qhXwWmZmVsb [dYdm`m
{WVsMo [Z$nU
~m~m nX_ZOs, Q>m_g Jh_ `mMm N>m.
_w~B, 1857
-------------------doXmo$Y_H$me
[dUw~m~m ~Mmar
JUnV H$UmOs, _w~B
eHo$ 1781
-------------------Amkmn
am_MnV A_m` ~mdSo>H$a
boIZH$mb-21-11-1716
-------------------Wmoabo _mYdamd noedo
[dZm`H$ OZmXZ H$sVZo
BXwH$me N>mnImZm, 1861

92 OyZ-Owb 2011

-------------------_w~BMo dUZ
Jmo[dX Zmam`U _mS>JmdH$a
BXwH$me, 1863
-------------------bmoH$[hVdmXtMs eVno
Jmonmi har Xoe_wI
[gs-1848-1850
gnmXH$-lsnmX am_M [Q>Ho$H$a,
Cfm H$meZ, AmY, 1940
-------------------_moMZJS> (n[hbs Eo[ Vhm[gH$
H$mX~ar)
am_M [^H$mOs JwOsH$a
nwfmom_ Jmo[dX ZmS>H$Uu, ZeZb,
_w~B, 1871
-------------------eoVH$`mMm AmgyS>
_hm_m OmoVsamd \w$bo, 1883
-------------------^{$_mJXsn
gJm. b.am. nmJmaH$a
Vd[ddoMH$, _w~B, 1904
-------------------[Z~Y_mbm
[dUwems [MniyUH$a
ls[edmOs, nwUo
am_OmoesH$V bmd`m
am_Omoes (1758-1812)
OJ{hVoNw>, nwUo, 1889
-------------------^mD$gmho~mMs ~Ia
H$UmOs `m_amd
gnmXH$-H$m.Zm. gmZo,
[edmOs, nwUo, 1886
-------------------`mo[V[dbmg AWdm
amsMs XmoZ KQ>H$m _mO
eH$a ~miH$U Xs[jV, nwUo
-------------------nU bjmV H$moU KoVmo?
har Zmam`U AmnQo>
Am`^yfU, nwUo,
1893
--------------------

dmBH$a ^Q>Os
YZwYmar (am.[d. [Q>Ho$H$a)
nyUMmoX`, ~S>moXo, 1898
-------------------gJsV emaXm
Jmo[dX ~mi Xodb
Am`^yfU, nwUo, 1899
-------------------H$mi nmVsb [ZdS>H$ [Z~Y
[edam_ _hmXod namOno
boIZH$mb-1900 Vo 1908, nwUo
-------------------gJsV gm^
AUmgmho~ [H$bm}H$a, 1882
-------------------_mPm dmg
AWdm gZ 1857 gmb`m
~S>mMs h{H$H$V
[dUw^Q> JmoS>go
gnmXH$-[MVm_U [dZm`H$ d
BXwH$me, _w~B, 1907
-------------------Am_`m Am`w`mVsb
H$mhs AmR>dUs
a_m~mB amZSo>
_w~B d^d, _w~B, 1910
-------------------H$sMH$dY
H$UmOs ^mH$a Im[S>bH$a
[Memim, nwUo, 1907
-------------------gwXm`mMo nmoho
AWmV AR>am Ym`mMo H$S>~moio
lsnmX H$U H$mohQ>H$a
_w~B d^d, _w~B, 1910
-------------------Vm~o `mMs g_` H$[dVm
^mH$a am_M Vm~o, 1935
Am`m^maV
_moamonV namS>H$a
boIZH$mi 1772 Vo 1782
-------------------Am_dm
Ym|S>mo Ho$ed H$d}
_ZmoaOZ, _w~B, 1915

-------------------XwXds aJy AWdm

nm[ZnVMm eodQ>Mm gJm_
qMVm_U [dZm`H$ d
[Memim, nwUo, 1914
-------------------[Q>iH$mMs H$[dVm
aoh. Zmam`U dm_Z [Q>iH$
_mO, _w~B, 1940
-------------------JmdJmS>m
`~H$ Zmam`U Ao
Am`^yfU, nwUo, 1915
-------------------am[JUs AWdm
H$m`em[dZmoX
dm._. Omoes
_ZmoaOZ, _w~B, 1915
-------------------Ho$edgwV `mMs H$[dVm
H$UmOs Ho$ed Xm_bo
OiJmd, 1916
-------------------_amRo> d BJO
_amRo>emhsMo eVgmdg[aH$
dmL>_`lm
Zag[gh [MVm_U Ho$iH$a
[Memim, OJ{VoNw>, nwUo, 1918
-------------------ls__hm^maVmMo _amR>s
gwag ^mfmVa
`m JWmMm Cnghma (^mJ 10dm)
qMVm_U [dZm`H$ d, nwUo, 1918
-------------------_w$m_m
J.`. _mS>ImobH$a, 1933
_hmamQ> gmadV
[dZm`H$ b_U ^mdo
[d.Jmo. [dOmnyaH$a, H$mohmnya,
1898-99
-------------------EH$M `mbm
am_ JUoe JS>H$ar
[Memim, nwUo, 1919
--------------------

dmdO`Vs(H$m`gJh)
Jmo[dXmJO (am_ JUoe JS>H$ar)
OmJ{VoNw>, nwUo, 1921
-------------------bmo. [Q>iH$mMo Ho$garVsb boI
~mi JJmYa [Q>iH$
Ho$gar-_amR>m gWm, nwUo, 1922
-------------------gJZ^mD$H$V bmd`m d nmodmSo>
gnm. Jmonmi Jmo[dX A[YH$mar
hZw_mZ, nwUo, 1924
-------------------[ZdoXZ (Am_ M[ana JW)
Y_mZX H$mog~s
_ZmoaOZ, _w~B, 1924
-------------------[edN>nVs `mMs g^mgX
~Ia
H$UmOs AZV g^mgX
Am`^yfU, nwUo, 1923
-------------------amOm [edmOs
ZmdmMs dsaagYmZ H$[dVm
_._mo. Hw$Qo>, BXwH$me, _w~B, 1869
-------------------P|Sy>Ms \w$bo
hmX Ho$ed Ao
lsg_W, nwUo, 1925
-------------------[dahVaJ (XsKH$m`)
_mYd Oy[b`Z (_mYd `~H$
nQ>dYZ) qM.am. XodKa, nwUo,
1926
-------------------aUXwXw[^
dm_Zamd Omoes
lsJUoe, nwUo, 1927
-------------------_mPo am_m`U
Xmmo AnmOs VwiOmnyaH$a
lsb_sZmam`U, _w~B, 1927
-------------------XmbV
Zm.gs. \$S>Ho$, [dO`, nwUo, 1929
_mPs O_Ro>n
[dZm`H$ Xm_moXa gmdaH$a
Ho$.E_. [gZH$a, _w~B, 1927
-------------------bmoH$_m` [Q>iH$ `mMo M[a
Za[gh [MVm_U Ho$iH$a
OJ{VoNw>, nwUo, 1923
--------------------

Zm[gH$ `oWsb dmV`emhsa

H$ds JmoqdX `mMs H$[dVm
JmoqdX `~H$ XaoH$a, 1930
-------------------nmonQ>nMs
O`H$U Ho$ed Cnm`o
_hmamQ> n{b[eJ hmD$g, nwUo,
1929
-------------------~mUH$`m
lsYa `H$Qo>e Ho$VH$a
_w~B, 1930
-------------------\w$bdmV
A[Zb (Am_mam_ amdOs XoenmSo>)
lsJUoe, nwUo, 1962
-------------------JwOJmoQ>s
Zmam`U gsVmam_ \$S>Ho$
g_W ^maV, nwUo, 1933
-------------------YmdVm YmoQ>m
^mJdam_ [d>b daoaH$a
lsb_sZmam`U, _w~B, 1930
-------------------H$`mMo [Z:dmg
[d^mdar [eaH$a (_mbVs~mB
~oSo>H$a), Am`^yfU, nwUo, 1933
-------------------[M_UamdmMo MhmQ> AWdm
e^ amV`m
EH$m
_Zw`mMo
Am_M[a
qMVm_U [dZm`H$ Omoes
lsam_[dO`, ~S>moXo, 1933
-------------------[XdmH$am`m ZmQ>N>Q>m
eH$a H$m[eZmW JJ}
Am`^yfU, nwUo
-------------------AmOH$mbMm _hmamQ>
^mH$a nm`o
gmhm.-ls.am. [Q>Ho$H$a
^maV Jmad JW_mbm Z. 100,
1935
AmY`mMs emim
lsYa [dZm`H$ dVH$
Vd[ddoMH$, _w~B, 1943
-------------------XmoZ Ywd
[d.g. ImSo>H$a, Xoe_wI Am[U
H$nZs, AmZX, nwUo, 1949
--------------------

_[V[Mo
b_s~mB [Q>iH$
Ho$.[^. T>dio, _w~B, 1940
-------------------H$m[bXmg
dm.[d. [_ames
Zd^maV JW_mbm, ZmJnya, 1934
-------------------Kam~mhoa
hmX Ho$ed Ao
_w~B, 1934
-------------------\w$bmMs AmoOi
~s. (Zmam`U _wabsYa Jwo)
1934
-------------------`m_Ms AmB
gmZo JwOs (nmSw>aJ gXm[ed gmZo)
bmoH$gJh, nwUo, 1943
-------------------gnyU AmJaH$a [Z~YgJh
Jmonmi JUoe AmJaH$a
Am`[dO`, nwUo, 1895
-------------------AmYw[ZH$ ^maV
AmMm` e.Xm. OmdSo>H$a
ls[goda, H$mohmnya, 1938
-------------------AYM
n[S>V go
bmoH$gJh, nwUo, 1938
-------------------bmoH$_mVm AWmV
^maVdfmVsb ZmMo dUZ
Xmm` ~miH$U D$\$ H$mH$m
H$mbobH$a
-------------------aUmJU
[dlm_ ~oSo>H$a
Xoe_wI Am[U H$nZs, nwUo, 1939
-------------------nmUH$im
a.dm. [XKo,
g_W ^maV, nwUo, 1939
_mPm gJsV `mgJ
Jmo[dXamd Q|>~o
[H$bm}H$a
N>mnImZm,
[H$bm}H$admS>s, 1939
-------------------H$mhs hmVmao d EH$ hmVmar
[d.X. KmQo>, d{VH$ n{b[eJ
hmD$g, _w~B, 1939

-------------------_m`m AmR>dUs d AZw^d

H$_dsa [d>b am_Os [eXo
hZw_mZ, nwUo, 1940
-------------------Yw`mVyZ bmb Vm`mH$So>
AZV H$mUoH$a, 1940
-------------------Cno[jVmMo AVaJ
ls._. _mQo>, nwUo, 1941
-------------------Am`m`m gUmMm mMsZ d
AdmMsZ B[Vhmg
F$doXs (dm_Z _Joe Xw^mfs)
^mH$a, _w~B, 1942
-------------------Hw$bdYy
_mo.J. amJUoH$a
^m Am[U H$nZs, _w~B, 1942
-------------------~mbH$dtMs g_J H$[dVm
`~H$ ~mnyOs R>mo_ao
gnm. ^m.b. nmQ>UH$a
amQ>d^d, _w~B, 1942
-------------------[demIm
Hw$gw_mJO ([d.dm. [eadmS>H$a)
H$m{Q>ZoQ>b H$meZ, nwUo, 1942
-------------------JsVm dMZo
[dZmo~m ^mdo, 1932, naYm_
H$meZ, Jm_ godm _S>i, ndZma
-------------------H$mhs H$[dVm
~m.gs. _T}>H$a, `wJdmUs H$meZ,
_w~B, 1947
-------------------XyYgmJa
~m.^. ~moaH$a, H$ZmQ>H$, _w~B,
1947
-------------------amd~hmXya XmXmo~m nmSw>aJ
Am_M[a d M[a
gnm. AZV H$mH$~m [`moiH$a
_mUXoes _mUg
`H$Qo>e _mS>JyiH$a
A[^Zd H$meZ, _w~B, 1949
-------------------gVamdo df
nw.^m. ^mdo, H$m{Q>ZoQ>b H$meZ,
gwb^, nwUo, 1949
--------------------

OyZ-Owb 2011

93

Zds _idmQ>
eaM _w{$~moY
gwMs, ZmJnya, 1949
-------------------~mi JJmYaems Om^oH$a
(1812-1846)
`mMo OsdZdm d boIZgJh
gnm. J.J. Om^oH$a
bmoH$[ejU H$m`mb`, nwUo, 1950
-------------------gVdmL>_`mMs gm_m[OH$ \$blwVs
J.~m. gaXma
_hmamQ> gm[h` n[afX, nwUo, 1950
-------------------d[XH$ gH$VsMm [dH$mg
b_Uems Omoes
mk nmR>emim _S>i, dmB, 1972
-------------------H$_iU
AaqdX JmoIbo
-------------------~[hUmBMs JmUs
~[hUm~mB MmYar
`moVs [n[aAm[S>H$g, _w~B, 1952
-----------------Jma~sMm ~mny
ls.Zm. n|S>go
_mO H$meZ Jh, _w~B, 1952
-------------------esi
Zm.K. XoenmSo>, 1954
-------------------_XJY
qdXm H$aXsH$a
nm`wba H$meZ, _w~B, 1954
-------------------VbmdmVsb MmXUo
JJmYa JmS>Jsi
bmImUs ~wH$ So>nmo, _w~B, 1954
-------------------Xod Mmbbo
[X.~m. _moH$mes, 1961
nS>Kdbs
Jmo.Zs. XmSo>H$a
1956
_mO H$meZ Jh, _w~B
-------------------_|Xs
B[Xam gV
H$m{Q>ZoQ>b H$meZ, nwUo, 1955
--------------------

94 OyZ-Owb 2011

eod`m`m eoJm
`.Jmo. Omoes
`edV H$meZ, 1955
-------------------ls_V
[dO` V|Sw>bH$a
_w~B, 1955
-------------------F$VwMH$
XwJm ^mJdV
nm`wba ~wH$ So>nmo, _w~B, 1956
-------------------JsVam_m`U
J.[X. _mS>JyiH$a
_m[hVs d Z^modmUs
_mb`, [Xs, 1957
-------------------~hw$ns
qMVm_Uamd H$mohQ>H$a
1957
_Oo{Q>H$ H$meZ, _w~B
-------------------n[S>VamO OJmW
[dmYa JmoIbo
_w~B
-------------------YJ
Cd O. eoiHo$
nm`wba H$meZ
1960
-------------------AZm[_H$mMs [MV[ZH$m
nw.`. XoenmSo>
-------------------nm[ZnV 1761
`.e. eoOdiH$a
Omoes Am[U bmoISo> H$meZ, nwUo,
1961
-------------------gm[ds
nw.{e. aoJo
Xoe_wI Am[U H$nZs, nwUo, 1971
`$s Am[U ds
nw.b. XoenmSo>
Xoe_wI Am[U H$nZs, nwUo
-------------------am`JS>mbm Oohm OmJ `oVo
dgV H$mZoQ>H$a
nm`wba H$meZ, _w~B, 1962
-------------------H$mogbm

^mbM Zo_mSo>
nm`wba H$meZ, _w~B, 1963
-------------------dm_s
aU[OV XogmB
Xoe_wI Am[U H$nZs, nwUo, 1962
-------------------_m`m AmR>dUs
nmSw>aJ [M_UmOs nmQ>sb
_mO H$meZ Jh, 1964
-------------------MH$
O`dV Xids
_Oo{Q>H$ H$meZ, _w~B, 1963
-------------------AmYw[ ZH$ Am mo[JH$ ^maVmMo
[enH$ma dmbMX [hamMX,
`$s, H$mi d H$Vd
J.Xo. ImbmobH$a
eoQ> dmbMX [hamMX _o_mo[a`b Q>Q>,
_w~B, 1965
-------------------_amR>m`m gmoMm CH$f
_hmXod Jmo[dX amZSo>
AZwdmX-Z.a. \$mQ>H$
-------------------EH$ ey` ~mOsamd
qM. `. ImZmobH$a
_mO H$meZ Jh, _w~B, 1966
-------------------_mPo [dmnsR>
Zmam`U gwd}
nm`wba H$meZ, _w~B, 1966
-------------------~Q>mQ>mMs Mmi
nw.b. XoenmSo>
_mO H$meZ Jh, _w~B, 1958
-------------------AmXe ^maV godH$
Jmonmi H$U JmoIbo `mMo M[a
Z.a. \$mQ>H$
_mO H$meZ Jh, _w~B, 1967
amZmV`m H$[dVm
Zm.Ym|. _hmZmoa
nm`wba H$meZ, _w~B, 1967
-------------------g`mH$mi`m H$[dVm
Jog (_m[UH$ JmoS>KmQo>)
nm`wba H$meZ, _w~B, 1967
-------------------`wJmV

BamdVs H$d}
Xoe_wI Am[U H$nZs, nwUo, 1967
-------------------_hm_m OmoVsamd \w$bo :
Am_`m g_mOH$mVsMo OZH$
YZO` H$sa
nm`wba H$meZ, _w~B
-------------------[ZdS>H$ R>UR>Unmi
O`dV Xids
_Oo{Q>H$ H$meZ, _w~B, 1969
-------------------g_mYs d BVa ghm JmoQ>s
[XdmH$a H$U ([XdmH$a H$U
Ho$iH$a)
Xoe_wI Am[U H$nZs, nwUo, 1949
-------------------Oohm _mUyg OmJm hmoVmo
JmoXmdar nioH$a
_mO H$meZ Jh, 1970
-------------------am_ZJar
am_ ZJaH$a
_Oo{Q>H$ H$meZ, _w~B, 1975
-------------------ZQ>g_mQ>
[d.dm. [eadmS>H$a
nm`wba H$meZ, _w~B, 1971
-------------------JmoVmdim
AmZX `mXd
_mO H$meZ Jh, _w~B, 1971
-------------------Yma Am[U H$mR>
Zaha Hw$XH$a
Xoe_wI Am[U H$nZs, nwUo
-------------------AR>ameo gmmdZMo
dmV`g_a
dmV`dsa [d.Xm. gmdaH$a
1909
-------------------H$mOi_m`m
Os.E. Hw$iH$Uu
nm`wba H$meZ, _w~B, 1972
-------------------aJ _mPm doJim
gwaoe ^Q>
_mO H$meZ Jh, _w~B, 1974
-------------------ey nydu H$moU hmoVo?

^s_amd am_Os D$\$ ~m~mgmho~

Am~oS>H$a
AZwdmX-MmJXod ^dmZamd Ia_moSo>
gwJV H$meZ, ZmJnya
-------------------ZjmMo XoUo
AmaVs ^y ([M.`. ImZmobH$a)
_mO H$meZ Jh, _w~B, 1975
-------------------^maVs` [ddmhgWoMm B[Vhmg
[d.H$m. amOdmSo>
boIZH$mb-1923-24
mJ[VH$ nwVH$ H$meZ, nwUo,
1976
-------------------~bwV
X`m ndma
JWmbs H$meZ, _w~B
-------------------AmR>dUtMo njs
.B. gmoZH$m~io
MoVZm H$meZ, AmaJm~mX, 1979
-------------------`jmMs XoUJs
O`V ZmaisH$a
_mO H$meZ Jh, _w~B, 1975
-------------------Cnam
b_U _mZo
JWmbs H$meZ, _w~B, 1982
-------------------EH$m O_mV`m JmR>s
eaM dmgwXodo [Ma_wio
_Oo{Q>H$ H$meZ, _w~B, 1985
--------------------

gdmX
[dO`m amOm`j
JWmbs H$meZ, _w~B
-------------------JsVmah`
bmoH$_m` ~mi JJmYa [Q>iH$
[Memim, nwUo, 1915
dsaYdb
ZmW _mYd (maH$mZmW _mYd
[nVio) am_H$U, _w~B, 1923
-------------------Z nQ>Umar JmoQ>
Zmam`U har AmnQo>
JmodYZ, nwUo, 1923
-------------------`emoYZ
H$ds `edV (`edV [XZH$a
n|T>aH$a) [dO`, nwUo, 1929
-------------------JsVmB
AmMm` [dZmo~m ^mdo
g_W, Ywio, 1933
-------------------[V^m-gmYZ
Zm.gs. \$S>Ho$, [dO`, nwUo
-------------------XmOs
Zm.Ym|. VmhUH$a
[H$bm}H$a, [H$bm}H$admS>s, 1938
_I_bsMm nS>Xm
dgV emVmam_ XogmB
n H$meZ, _w~B, 1947
-------------------[dkmZ~moYmMs VmdZm
ls._. _mQo>

ZdOsdZ, nwUo, 1948

-------------------_s H$gm Pmbmo?
AmMm` hmX Ho$ed Ao
1953
naMwao H$meZ _[Xa, _w~B
-------------------~ZJadmS>s
`H$Qo>e _mS>JyiH$a
_mO H$meZ Jh, _w~B, 1955
-------------------amOm [edN>nVs
~._mo. nwaXao
nwaXao H$meZ, nwUo, 1983
-------------------``mVs
[d.g. ImSo>H$a
Xoe_wI Am[U H$nZs, nwUo, 1959
-------------------[Ogs
_Joe nmS>JmdH$a
nm`wba H$meZ, _w~B, 1953
-------------------gH$Vr-gJ_
X.Ho$. Ho$iH$a
amOJw$, nwUo, 1941
-------------------_hmamQ>-gH$Vs
nw.J. gh~wo
H$m{Q>ZoQ>b H$meZ, nwUo,
1979
-------------------`mgnd
XwJm H$meZ Jh, _w~B, 1962
--------------------

em_amB
`m_amd AmoH$
H$m{Q>ZoQ>b H$meZ, nwUo
-------------------nmoV
X.J. JmoS>go
nm`wba H$meZ, _w~B, 1963
n[WH$, Z.[d. JmS>Jsi (H$mH$mgmho~
JmS>Jsi), 1964-65
-------------------AmZXs Jmonmi
ls.O. Omoes
_Oo{Q>H$ H$meZ, _w~B, 1968
-------------------`w-ZoVd
[X.[d. JmoIbo
_Oo{Q>H$ H$meZ, _w~B, 1966
-------------------ls_mZ `moJs
aU[OV XogmB
Xoe_wI Am[U H$nZs, nwUo
-------------------_w~B [XZmH$
AU gmYy
_Oo{Q>H$ H$meZ, _w~B, 1972
-------------------gmJ`o EoH$m
hgm dmS>H$a
amOhg H$meZ, nwUo, 1970
-------------------emoY ~mi-JmonmimMm
`.[X. \$S>Ho$
ls[dm H$meZ, nwUo, 1977

OyZ-Owb 2011

95

AmUIr H$mhr gX^JW (1960-2010)

A`mgH$mZm Cn`w$ R>aVsb Aem Q>sZo S>m. gwf_m nmS>dmb, JWnmb, Eg. EZ. S>s. Q>s. _[hbm [dmnsR> `mZs V`ma Ho$bobs hs gyMs!
1.
2.
3.
4.

H$X_ ZmJZmW Ym|.

H$Q>H$ o_m
H$mbobH$a Jmo[dX _Joe
Ho$VH$a Hw$_ma

5. IS>noH$a [dZ`m
6.
7.
8.
9.

JS>H$ar _mYd
JS> AUmgmho~
JmS>Jsi ^m.`.
Jm`H$dmS Za|

10. Jmoao Jmo[dX Am[U

[b_`o [e^mD$
11. KmoS>Ho$ h._.
12. MhmU `edVamd
13. MmYar Ho$.Ho$.
14. MmgmiH$a AemoH$
15. MmgmiH$a AemoH$
16. [Q>Ho$H$a AU
17. [Q>Ho$H$a AU (gnm.)
18. [Q>Ho$H$a AU
19. [VWmbs emo^m
20. XmVmZo gVmof
21. XoenmSo dgV dmgwXod
22. Xoe_wI AZV (gnm.)
23. Xoe_wI AZV (gnm.)
24. Xoe_wI AZV (gnm.)
AZwdmX : _YwH$a VmoaS>_b
25. Xoe_wI AZV (gnm.)
26. Xoe_wI AZV (gnm.)
27. Xoe_wI AZV (gnm.)
28. Xoe_wI AZV (gnm.)
29. Xoe_wI AZV (gnm.)
30. ZmBH$dmSo AemoH$ (gnm.)
31. n[S>V Z[bZs
32. ndma Jmo._m.
33. nmQ>sb d.~.
34. nm`o ^mH$a
35. nmoVXma _mYd am.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.

YmZ am_ (gnm.)

\$S>Ho$ `.[X.
\$S>Ho$ `.[X.
\$mQ>H$ Z.a.
\$S>Usg OJZ
~mi H$me
~oSo>H$a [X.Ho$.

96 OyZ-Owb 2011

_hmamQ>mVsb ^Q>H$m g_mO : gH$Vs d gm[h`

g`mJhs _hmamQ>
_w~B Bbm`mVsb OmVs
H$Wm dmV`mMs

nwUo : [V_m, 1995

nwUo : gwb^ amQ>s` JW_mbm, 1940
_w~B : 1928
nwUo : _hmamQ> am` nmR>nwVH$ [Z[_Vs
d A`mgH$_ gemoYZ _S>i, 1985.
_w~B : nm`wba, 1991

s dmV`dm[XZs :
[dgm`m eVH$mVsb n[adVZ
g`w$ _hmamQ> bT>mMo _hmaWs
_hmamQ>mVsb g_mOgwYmaUoMm B[Vhmg
AmYw[ZH$ amQ>dmX : ^maV d _hmamQ>
_amR>dmS>mVsb X[bV Midi
Am[U hXam~mXMm dmV`gJm_
_hmamQ>mVsb X[bV-emoY Am[U ~moY

_w~B : ghm``Z, 1973

_hmamQ>JmWm ^mJ. 2
gmsMo dmao
PwOma nwUo : dgmhVdmX d gm_m[OH$ [df_Voes bT>m
Zdam
_hm_m \w$bo Am[U eoVH$ar Midi
Eogm kmZgmJ$ : ~Ia _w~B [dmnsR>mMs
eha nwUo : EH$m gmH$[VH$ g[MVmMm _mJmodm (IS>-2)
Wb-H$mb
AmYw[ZH$ _hmamQ>mMm B[Vhmg
_hmamQ> 2003 Vo 2010
_hmamQ>mMs gwdUJmWm
AgJ[hV a.Ym|. H$d}
[ZdS>H$ emaXoMs no
H$d} a.Ym|. : ~w{m_m`dmX

nwUo : amOhg, 2005

_w~B : _hmamQ> emgZ, 1962
nwUo : H$m{Q>ZoQ>b, 2008
_w~B : bmoH$dmL>_` Jh, 2000
_w~B : bmoH$dmL>_` Jh, 1998
_w~B : nm`wba, 2007
nwUo : [Ziw^mD$ [b_`o \$mD$So>eZ, 2000
_w~B : _mO, 2004
_w~B : mMs, 2000
nwUo : XmVmZo am_M Am[U H$, 2003 Vo 2010
XmXa : JWmbs, 2011
nwUo : nJYm, 2010
nwUo : nJYm, 2010
nwUo : nJYm, 2010

a.Ym|.H$d}, _Vo Am[U _VmVao

_monmgm`m H$Wm AZwdmX : a.Ym|. H$d}
H$d} a.Ym|. : eof g_mOdm`
"g_mOdm`'H$ma
"g_mOdm`'_Ysb [ZdS>H$ boI
gwdU _hmogds _hmamQ>
_hmamQ>mVsb amQ>dmXmMm [dH$mg
_hfu [db am_Os [eXo OsdZ d H$m`
[dgm`m eVH$mVsb _hmamQ>m_Ysb g_mO gwYmaUoMm B[Vhmg
AmOH$mbMm _hmamQ >:dMm[aH$ JVs
^maVmMm n[hbm amQ>nwf Zm_Xma OJmW eH$aeoR>
(_hmamQ>m`m gmH$[VH$ B[VhmgmVsb EH$ nd)
eXmMo gm_`
Am~oS>H$ar Midi
[dgm`m eVH$mVsb _hmamQ> : (IS> 1 Vo 8)
_w~B ZJar
gmoMo _mohao : _hmamQ>mVsb H$mJogMo amOH$maU
_w~B : H$mbMs Am[U AmOMs
g`w$ _hmamQ>

nwUo : nJYm, 2010

nwUo : nJYm, 2010
nwUo : nJYm, 2010
nwUo : nJYm, 2010
nwUo : nJYm, 2010
AmaJm~mX : kmZoe, 2010
nwUo : _mS>Z ~wH$ So>nmo, 1972
bmoH$dmL>_` Jh : 2004
nwUo : Ho$. gmJa, 2004
_w~B :^maV-Jmad JW_mbm, 1935
nwUo : AZw~Y, 2002

nwUo : _Zmo[dH$mg, 1987

AmaJm~mX : H$bmg nmQ>sb, 1995
nwUo : a[damO, 1992
nwUo : gwJmdm, 1990

nwUo : A_o`, 2000

nwUo : ls[dm, 1990
nwUo : Ho$. gmJa, ls[dm
_w~B ~h_~B _hmnm[bH$m eVmXs, 1981
_w~B : JWmbs, 1977
_w~B : ~m~yamd gm_V JmadJW, 1997
nwUo : Ho$.Eg. Jwo, 1947

43. ^mJdV [dwV

44. ^mJdV [dwV
Am[U aoJo e[_bm
45. [^So> J.a. Am[U
XoenmSo> nw.b. (gnm.)
46. ^moio ^mH$a b_U Am[U
~oS>[H$hmi [H$emoa (gnm.)
47. qeXo [d>b am_Os
48. gaXma JJmYa ~mi
49. gaXma JJmYa ~mi
50. gmIiH$a EH$ZmW
Am[U ^oSo gw^mf
51. gw_V `edV Am[U
nwSo> Xmm` (gnm.)
52. gwamUm nmbmb
53. gwamUm nmbmb Am[U
~oS>[H$hb [H$emoa
54. gmIiH$a EH$ZmW
Am[U ^|So> gw^mf (gnm.)
55. gmodZs _YwH$a [dUy

1. Bal, Vidya (ed.)

_hmamQ>m`m gm_[OH$ B[Vhmgm`m [XeoZo

^maVmVsb g_H$mbsZ H$mimMo Z

nwUo : s A`mg Ho$X, 1990

nwUo :s A`mg Ho$, 2000

H$mohmnya XeZ

nwUo : BQ>aZeZb n{b[eJ g{hg

~XbVm _hmamQ >: gmR>moma n[adVZmMm _mJmodm

gmVmam : Am~oS>H$a AH$mX_s, 2003

^maVs` An`VoMm Z
_hmamQ>mMo Cno[jV _mZH$ar
_hmamQ>-OsdZ : nanam, JVs Am[U g_`m
_hmamQ>mMs _mZ[Mho

ZmJnya : Zd^maV JW_mbm H$m`mb`, 1955

nwUo : J.~m. gaXma, 1941
nwUo : Omoes Am[U bmoISo>, 1960
_w~B : _Oo{Q>H$, 2000

_hmamQ>mVsb Om[VgWm[df`H$ [dMma

nwUo : [V_m, 1988

Amnbm _hmamQ>
AmOMm _hmamQ> : 1947-1987 `m H$mimVsb _hmamQ>mMs
amOH$s` Am[WH$ OS>U-KS>U
_hmamQ>mMs _mZ[Mho

nwUo : g_mO ~moYZ gWm, 1960

nwUo : ls[dm, 1998

_hmamQ>m`m H$mb_wm

nwUo : [ZVsZ, 1982

H$mhs BJOs JW

Daughters of Maharashtra : portraits of women.

_w~B : _Oo{Q>H$, 2000

Bombay : Kalnirnay, 1997.

who are building Maharashtra

2. Choudhari, K.K.

Maharashtra State Gazatteers : history of Bombay

Bombay : Maharashtra Govt.

: modern period

Gazatteers Dep.,1987.

Maharashtra State Gazatteers :

Bombay : Maharashtra Govt.

greater Bombay District

Gazatteers Dep., 1986.

4. Dastane, Santosh

Glimpses of Maharashtra

Pune: Dastane Ramchandra & co, 2002.

5. Ganachari, Arvind

Gopal Ganesh Agarkar : the secular rationalist reformer.

Mumbai : Popular, 2005.

6. Government of

Report of the evalution committee on panachayat raj.

Bombay : Government

3. Choudhari, K. K. (ed.)

Maharastra

central press, 1971.

7. Keer, Dhananjay

Dr. Ambedkar life and mission

Bombay : A.V. Keer, 1954.

8. Keer, Dhananjay (ed.)

Dr. Ambedkar : a memorial album

Bombay : A.V. Keer, 1982.

9. Kosambi, Meera (ed.)

Intersections : socio-cultural trends in maharastra

New Delhi: Orient Longman, 2000.

10. Kosambi, Meera (ed.)

Bombay and Poona: a sociological study of

Stockholms: University of

two Indian cities 1650-1900

Stockholm, 1980.

Bombay in transition : the growth and social

Stockholm : Almaqvist &

11. Kosambi, Meera (ed.)

ecology of a colonial city 1880-1980

wiksell international, 1986

12. Mayur, Rashmi

& Vohra, Ratan (ed.)

Bombay by 2000 A.D.

Bombay: Prem Ratan Vohra, n.d.

13. Padgaonkar, Dileep (ed.)

When Bombay burned

New Delhi : UBS, 1993.

14. Patel, Kunj

Rural labour in Industrial Bombay

Bombay : Popular, 1963.

15. Sharma, K.K.

Intellectuals sandharbha Maharashtra : State &

Bhopal : Intellectual book

districts at a glance (Vol.1-2)

bureau, 2004.

16. Tikekar, Aroon

The cloisters pale : A biography of the university of Mumbai. Mumbai : Popular, 2006.

17. Tikekar, S.R.

On historiography

Bombay : Popular, 1986.

gnH$ : 022-22072792
B-ob : spowdwal@gmail.com

OyZ-Owb 2011

97

e^a nwVH$mda `oVmZm...

nmXH$mZs "n>s`m dmMH$mH$So>

Agm`bm hdsM Aes e^a nwVHo$'
gwMdm`bm gm[JVbs AmhoV. hs gyMZm
H$aVmZm _amR>s ^mfH$ g_mOmVbm dmMH$ A[^oV
Amho.
"n>sMm dmMH$' hm Am`w`mV H$Ys Zm H$YsVar
dV:`m JWgJhmH$So> diVmo. nwTo> hm `mMm gJh
dmT>V OmVmo. AJXs Vmo bmImn`V dmT>V Jo`mMs
Zm|X _amR>s g_mOmVhs Amho. e^a JW hs _`mXm
_mZd`mgmaIs Zmhs Am[U Varhs Vs dsH$maUo
^mJ Amho.
dV:`m Ka`m JWgJhmMs JaO OmUdVo
`mMo H$maU ams ~oams H$mhs AmR>dmdo, gwMmdo
Am[U `m dois [H$_mZ H$mhs gX^ VnmgVm `mdoV.
A`Wm JWgJhm`m dmT>sbm Ves _`mXm ZgVo.
"Vw_`m gJhmVbo gJio JW Vwhs dmMbo
AmhoV H$m`?' Agm Z OJ^a`m AZoH$
JWgJmhH$mZm [dMmabm Amho Am[U `mMo J^sa
Cma "ho JW dmMm`Mo AmhoV' hoM am[hbo Amho.
EH$m Am`w`mV`m dmMZmbm _`mXm AgVmV Am[U
nwVH$ hdo Ag`mMs AmoT> AZmda AgVo.
BWo Va _amR>s KamgmR>s- n>sMm dmMH$ KamoKa
Agmdm Aem ew^oN>mgh- Ho$di e^a JWmZm
Amn`m Kar OmJm m`Ms Amho. `mgmR>s _mPm
_w` ^a Amho Vmo `m e^a JWmZs Amn`m
dmMZmbm H$mhs A[YH$Mo gX^ nwadmdoV. dmMVmZm
`oUm`m AS>W`mVyZ nwTo> Om`mMo _mJ gwMdmdoV.
`mVyZ Amn`m KamnmgyZ- [ddmn`VMm ngmam
g_OmdyZ KoVm `mdm. Amnbm g_mO, `mMm
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

B[Vhmg, dmagm, nanam Am[U `mMm dV_mZ H$mi

VnmgVm `mdm. Amnbs gH$Vs, AW`dhma,
amOH$s` `dhma `mV`m JwVmJwVtMm AXmO `mdm.
`m H$m_s _XV gwMdUmao JW `m[Z[_mmZo g_moa
Ro>d`mMm hm `Z Amho.
[dnwb dmMZmgmR>s A` n`m` AmhoV. gbJ
dmMm``m gm[h`mH$So> A` _mJmZs OmVm `oBb.
`mAmYs Aem nmh`m Pm`m AmhoV. dm[fH$,
Xedm[fH$, EHy$U _amR>s gm[h`mVsb boUs,
MmoIXi dmMH$ Aem [d[dY [ZdS>s `mAmYs
AmhoV. hs `mhyZ doJis dmQ> Amho. [VMo [ZH$f
\$$ gm[h`_y`mVJV ZmhsV.

gVse H$migoH$a
[d[dY H$maMo H$moe gX^mgmR>s hdo AgVmV.
BWbs gX^ H$moemMs g`m Va \$maM Anwar Amho.
H$mhs H$moemMo, JWmMo AZoH$ IS> AgVmV. EH$
IS> hUOo EH$ nwVH$ Ago J[UV dsH$maUo
Ae` Amho.
`m gJ`m Jw`mVyZ dmQ> H$mT>V Ho$bobm hm
`Z Amho. "`m_Ms AmB' `m gmZo JwOt`m
boIZmV "am EH$moU[Vgmds : _moR>m hmo`mgmR>s
Mmoar' Aes EH$ JmoQ> Amho. Amnbo dmMZ Am[U
Amnbo dVZ `mV`m ZmVo g~Ymda `mV H$mhs
gwMdbo Amho. Vo AmnU _wimVyZ dmMmdo. JW dmMZ
Amn`m dVZmMs [Xem gwMdVo. Amn`m
OJ`m`m XZ[XZ `dhmamda JW dmMZmMm
AHw$e Agmdm. OJ`mV`m ghmdYs

H$moeJW
_amR>s [ddH$moe : _amR>s [ddH$moe [Z[_Vs _S>i : 17 IS>
^maVs` gH$Vs H$moe : _hmXod ems Omoes : 10 IS>
g_mO [dkmZ H$moe : g. g._m. JJ} : 3 IS>
VdkmZ H$moe : g.m. XodrXmg Xmmo` dmSo>H$a : 3 IS>
_hmamQ> dmH$-gXm` H$moe : g. `.am. XmVo / [M.J. H$d} : 2
IS>
_hmamQ> eXH$moe : _hmamQ> H$moe _S>i : 8 IS> / _amR>s
eXH$moe : _.am.gm. Am[U g. _S>i : 3 IS>

Key Words : Raymond Williams

Encyclopedia of Dates and Events : Ed. L.C. Pascoe

_amR>s dmL>_` godH$ : g. J.Xo. ImZmobH$a : 7 IS>

^maVs` g[dYmZ : A[YH$V-A`mdV V
mMsZ _hmamQ> : emVdmhZnd 2 IS> : lsYa `H$Qo>e Ho$VH$a
g_J Amdms : A[^OmV JW
gnyU _hm^maV : 8 IS> : g. ^mb~m Ho$iH$a

98 OyZ-Owb 2011

13.
14.
15.
16.

AV[damoYmZm g_OgnUo gm_moao Om`mMo ~i

JWdmMZmVyZ [_imdo. [ZXmZ _s `m _VmMm Amho.
Ho$di _ZmoaOZmgmR>s, doi Kmbd`mgmR>s _s
g_OwVsV Am`mnmgyZ AmOda H$YsM H$mhs
dmMbo Zmhs. BWyZ nwTo> Vs e`Vm Va A[O~mV
Zmhs.
nwTo> gwMdbobs e^a nwVHo$ `m ^y[_Ho$VyZ
MmiUs bmdV bmdV AmUbs AmhoV. H$mX~ar,
H$Wm, H$[dVm, ZmQ>H$, AZwdm[XV H$bmH$Vs Am[U
[H$VsVar dMm[aH$ JWmZm ~mOybm Ro>dmdo bmJbo.
n[h`m `mXsnmgyZ A[V_ `mXsn`VMs hs dmQ>Mmb
AdKS> Am[U Hy$ahs dmQ>bs. AmnUm gdmZm _m
`m `mXsV ^a Kmb`mMo dmV` Amho `mMm AmZX
dmQ>Vmo.
_hmamQ> am` WmnZm Am[U 1960ZVaMm
Jo`m nmg dfmMm H$mi hm _m`m dmMZmV`m
^aU-nmofUmMm H$mi Amho. `m H$mimda Va
gdm[YH$ A`m` Pmbm Amho. `mV`m `oR>m`m
Am[U loR>m`m gm[h`m`m [ZdS>sbm dmd am[hbm
Zmhs. g_mOm`m A`mgmMs nm`m^yV gmYZ
gm_Js XoUmar Am_M[ao, H$Wm, H$[dVm, H$mX~ar
Am[U A` AZoH$ boIZo Aem AmdS>bo`m
Ag` [Z[_Vsbm ~mOybm Ro>dmdo bmJbo.
AmnU _m Amnbm JWgJh `m `mXsMm AmYma
KoV dmX [VdmX Am[U gdmX Agm dmg H$aV
[Xgm_mOs "ls_V' H$amdm.
Am_oZ.

18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.

gH$b gV JmWm : 5 IS> : g. am.[M. To>ao

H$Wm g[agmJa : 5 IS> : AZw. h.A. ^mdo
[gmW OmVH$ : 7 IS> : AZw. XwJm ^mJdV
Aao[~`Z ZmBQ>g : EH$ hOma ams Am[U EH$ am
: [aMS> E\$. ~Q>Z : 16 IS> : AZw. Jmar XoenmSo>
hg AS>agZ`m n[aH$Wm : AZw. gw_Vs nm`JmdH$a
_maH$ / Jmad JW
amOfu emhy _maH$ JW : g. S>m. O`[gJamd ndma
_hm_m \w$bo Jmad JW : A`j gnmXH$ _S>i : ns.~s. gmiwIo
amOfu emhy Jmad JW : A`j gnmXH$ _S>i : ns.~s. gmiwIo
S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a Jmad JW : gnmXH$ _S>i
eVH$mVam`m diUmda : g. ^m.b. ^moio
gV JmS>Jo _hmamO _maH$ JW : g. m. am.Vw. ^JV

24.

M[a / Am_M[a
_Vs[Mo : b_s~mB [Q>iH$

17.

25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

Am_dm Am[U M[a : Ym|S>mo Ho$ed H$d} / Zm._. nQ>dYZ

Y_mZX H$mog~s `mMo Am_M[a ([ZdoXZ) Am[U M[a :
g. O.g. gwIQ>UH$a
_mPs OsdZJmWm : ~moYZH$ma R>mH$ao
g`mMo `moJ AWdm Am_H$Wm : _hm_m JmYs : AZw. Anm
nQ>dYZ (gsVmam_ nwfmom_ nQ>dYZ)
Am_dm : Anm nQ>dYZ (gsVmam_ nwfmom_ nQ>dYZ)
AmXe ^maV godH$ : Jmonmi H$U JmoIbo M[a : Z.a. \$mQ>H$
gH$sU

31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.

The Story of civilization : Will Durant

A Study of History : Arnold Toynbee
The Social History of Art : Arnold Hauser : 4 IS>
A History of the World : Eric Hobsbawm : 4 IS>

gQ>s [dkmZ JmWm : S>m. O`V ZmaisH$a, S>m. lsam_ JsV : 2 IS>
Y_emmMm B[Vhmg : _._. nm.dm.H$mUo : g[j Amdms : 2
IS> : AZw. `edV ^Q>
OmJ[VH$ B[VhmgmMo AmoPaVo XeZ : n. Odmhabmb Zoh$ : AZw.
[e.Jmo. ^mdo : 4 IS>
^maVmMm emoY : n. Odmhabmb Zoh$ : AZw. gmZo JwOs
[dlY emaXm : g. h.[d. _moQo> : 3 IS>
n[d Hw$amU : AZw. _mbds _sa _moh_X `mHw$~ ImZ
gw~moY ~m`~b : AZw. \$mXa \$m{gg [X~oQ>mo
ZdZsV : eV gmdg[aH$ 18ds Amdms : naewam_ ~mi
JmoS>~mobo : g. A.H$m. [`moiH$a
Mma OwZo _amR>s AWems` JW (1843-1855) :
g. [X.Ho$. ~oSo>H$a
hmb gmVdmhZmMs JmWm geVs : g. g.Am. OmoJioH$a
d[XH$ gH$VsMm B[Vhmg : b_Uems Omoes
H$m[Q>bs` AWem : ^mfmVa : a.n. H$Jbo
ls__mYdmMm` [UV gdXeZ gJh : ^mfmVa : a.n. H$Jbo
^maVs` [ddmhgWoMm B[Vhmg : B[VhmgmMm` [d.H$m. amOdmSo>
gmVdmhZ Am[U n{M_ jn `mMm B[Vhmg Am[U H$moard boI :
dm.[d. [_ames
_hmQ>s gH$Vs : H$mhs g_`m : eH$a ~mi Xr[jV Omoes
: g. dgV g. Omoes
bsimM[a : g. [d.[^. H$mobVo
nMmonm`mZ : g. [d.[^. H$mobVo
AmYw[ZH$ ^maV : AmMm` e.Xm. OmdSo>H$a
nwamUH$Wm Am[U dmVdVm : Xm_moXa Y_mZX H$mog~s :
AZw. dgV Vwinwio
dmMy AmZXo : g. _mYwar nwaXao : nyU 4 ^mJmMm gM
[bhmdo ZoQ>Ho$ : g. _mYwar nwaXao : nyU 3 ^mJmMm gM
F$doXmMo _amR>s ^mfmVa : [godaems [Mmd
AWddoXmMo _amR>s ^mfmVa : [godaems [Mmd

65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.

A[YH$Ms e^a
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Lokayata : Debiprasad Chattopadhyaya

Xmg H$m[nQ>mb : gw~moY n[aM` : gwhmg namOno

bmoH$[hVdmXsH$V [Z~Y gJh : g. A.H$m. [`moiH$a
_hm_m \w$bo g_J dmL>`
s-nwf VwbZm : Vmam~mB qeXo
AmJaH$a boIgJh : gm[h` AH$mX_s

_hmR>mg~YmZo Mma CXJma : amOmam_ems ^mJdV

^maVs` An`VoMm Z : [d>b am_Os qeXo
qhX dam` : _hm_m JmYs
Jm_JsVm : amQ>gV VwH$S>moOs _hmamO
JmddmS>m : [.Zm. Ao
`m_Ms AmB : gmZo JwOs
[ZdS>H$ boI gJh : `.e. eoOdbH$a
"g_mO dm`'_Ysb [ZdS>H$ boI :
a.Ym|. H$d} : g. S>m. AZV Xoe_wI
^JdmZ ~w Am[U `mMm Y_ : S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a
bmoH$emhsa AUm ^mD$ gmRo> : [ZdS>H$ dmL>_`
`wJmV : BamdVs H$d}
bOmJmar : am.[M. To>ao
_mZd Am[U Y_[MVZ : amdgmho~ H$g~o
bmoH$_m` Vo _hm_m : S>m. gXmZX _moao
dmX-gdmX[` ^maVs` : A_` goZ : AZw. emaXm gmRo>
hmoJm Vo JJm : amhwb gmH$`m`Z
_hmamQ>mMo _hm_WZ : bmbOs n|S>go
mMsZ ^maV : g_mO Am[U gH$Vs : _.A. _ohXio
JmdJmS>m~mhoa : ^mH$a _mSo>
_mUgm`m Eo[hH$ gwImMs JmoQ>
: [bAmo y~a_Z : AZw. H$mMZ [Zgwao, a_oe nm`o
[H$_`mJma : A`wV JmoS>~mobo
Am{VH$ [eamo_Us MmdmH$ : S>m. Am.h. gmiwIo
Xmg ewmMs Jwbm_[Jar : 2 IS> : eaX nmQ>sb : mk nmR>embm
_amR>s JWmMo AmXe gJhmb` : A.H$m. [`moiH$a
_w~BMo dUZ : Jmo.Zm. _mS>JmdH$a
nwUo dUZ : Zm.[d. Omoes
OZ-_Z : AU [Q>Ho$H$a
`mVa : dmV`mZVaMs _amR>s H$[dVm : g. MH$mV nmQ>sb
n[a` : dmV`mZVaMs _amR>s H$Wm : g. [Z[eH$mV R>H$ma
~[hUmBMs JmUs : ~[hUm~mB MmYar
X[bV gm[h` : AmOMo H$mVs [dkmZ : ~m~wamd ~mJwb
Znojm : AemoH$ ehmUo
Q>sH$m-d`da : ^mbM Zo_mSo>
gm[h` Am[U A{Vd^mZ : [Xbsn nwfmom_ [Mo
A{Vdm`m aofm : amOm T>mbo
H$Wm _w~B`m [JaUJmdmMs : Zsam AmS>maH$a / _sZm _oZZ

6.
7.
8.
9.

BgmnZsVs
_amR>m`m gmoMm CH$f : _.Jmo. amZSo> : AZw. Z.a. \$mQ>H$
~m Y_mdarb Mma [Z~Y : Y_mZX H$mog~s
JsVmB : [dZmo~m ^mdo
^maVs` ~moYZ : eH$aamd Xod Jmad JW :
g. [X.Ho$. ~oSo>H$a / ^m.e. ^UJo
_hmamQ>-OsdZ : 2 IS> : g. J.~m. gaXma
gH$_U H$mimMo AmhmZ : g. J.~m. gaXma
A{_Vm _hmamQ>mMs : _amR>m _[Xa am` _hmogds JW
: g. ^s_amd Hw$bH$Uu
~XbVm _hmamQ> : m. EZ.S>s. nmQ>sb Jmad JW : g. ^m.b. ^moio

OyZ-Owb 2011

99

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.

EH$m [nT>sMo Am_H$WZ : dm.am. T>dio Jmad JW

_amR>s gm[h` : oaUm d d$n :
(1950-1975) g. Jmo._m. ndma / _.X. hmVH$UJboH$a
gm[h` [dMma Am[U g_mO[MVZ :
J.~m. gaXma Jmad JW : g. ^m.e. ^UJo
g_Vm : [dMma / `dhma / ^[dV` :
XmXmgmho~ $ndVo Jmad JW : g. amdgmho~ H$g~o
PmoV-gm_m[OH$ `m`mda : amdgmho~ Jmad JW : g. Cm_ H$m~io
g_J am_ JUoe JS>H$ar
gH$[bV dmL>_` : g.O. ^mJdV
[ZdS>H$ _mUyg : _mUyg [VR>mZ
[M_UamdmMo MhmQ> : [m.[d. Omoes
[ZdS>H$ R>UR>Unmi : O`dV Xids
nmoV : X.J. JmoS>go
OwdmV : AemoH$ Ho$iH$a
`mgmMm dmagm : AmZX [dZm`H$ OmVoJmdH$a
H$hmUs _mZdm`mMs : ZXm Iao
_mPm dmg : JmoS>go ^Q>Os
Am_`m Am`w`mVsb H$mhs AmR>dUs : a_m~mB amZSo>
gmOdmV : AmZXs~mB Omoes
H$UmH$mR> : `edVamd MhmU
Oohm _mUyg OmJm hmoVmo : JmoXmdar nioH$a
Vami-AVami : eH$aamd IamV
am_ZJar : am_ ZJaH$a
AmR>dUtMo njs : .B. gmoZH$m~io
~bwV : X`m ndma
CM`m : b_U Jm`H$dmS>
Cnam : b_U _mZo
A$a_mes : eaUHw$_ma [b~mio
H$mQ>mdaMs nmoQ> : Cm_ ~Sy> Vwno
J~mi : XmXmgmho~ _moao
JmdH$s : Vw_ AMbIm~
Am^amZ : nmW nmoiHo$
H$mohmQ>mM nmoa : [H$emoa emVm~mB H$mio
Am`XmZ : D$[_bm ndma
[~amS> : AemoH$ ndma
AmB g_OyZ KoVmZm : Cm_ H$m~io
Imbs O_sZ da AmH$me : gwZsbHw$_ma bdQo>
[~ZnQ>mMs MmH$Q> : BXw_Vs Om|Yio
~m{_m Vo Y_mVa : BgmXmg ^S>Ho$
_hm_m \w$bo : YZO` H$sa
N>nVs emhy _hmamO : YZO` H$sa
S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a : YZO` H$sa
EH$ hmoVm H$mha : dsUm JdmUH$a
mMsZ JsV-^mS>ma : g. Zm.J. Omoes
mMsZ JsV-_Oyfm : g. Zm.J. Omoes
AmR>dUsV`m H$[dVm : 4 IS> : g. nmH$a _hmOZ / [XZH$a ~d}
/ a_oe V|Sw>bH$a / am_ nQ>dYZ
g_J Ho$edgwV : g. ^.ls. n[S>V
\w$bamUs : ~mbH$ds : g. am.e. dm[i~o / Hw$gw_mJO

100 OyZ-Owb 2011

56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.

~moaH$amMs H$[dVm : ~m.^. ~moaH$a : g. _Joe nmS>JmdH$a

gwXJmWm : nw.[e. aoJo : g. JJmYa nmQ>sb
Am[X` : _Z_mohZ : g. eH$a d
g`mMs OmV : eaM _w{$~moY
ag`mm : Hw$gw_mJO : g. ~m.^. ~moaH$a / eH$a d
g[hVm : [dXm H$aXsH$a : g. _Joe nmS>JmdH$a
gZX : Zmam`U gwd}
[^OH$s dhs : AU H$mobQ>H$a
EHy$U H$[dVm : [Xbsn nwfmom_ [Mo
[ZdS>H$ dgV Am~mOs S>hmHo$
_s ^`H$am`m Xadm`mV C^m Amho
: Zm_Xod T>gmi : g. gVse H$migoH$a / km X`m ndma
A^wO _mS> : ^wOJ _olm_
ZVa Ambobo bmoH$ : AU H$mio
`_wZm n`Q>Z : ~m~m nX_ZOs
YmdVm YmoQ>m : ^m.[d. daoaH$a
~ZJadmS>s : `H$Qo>e _mS>JwiH$a
H$mogbm : ^mbM Zo_mSo>
gmV g$ oMmisg : [H$aU ZJaH$a
H$m|Sw>am : [m.`. ImZmobH$a
EH$s`m am`mV : [dbmg gmaJ
ho Bdaamd ho nwfmom_ amd : `m_ _Zmoha
Zm_wH$sMo dJV : aJZmW nR>mao
H$in : amOZ Jdg
~mamo_mg : gXmZX Xoe_wI
~ : H$[dVm _hmOZ
[ZemUs S>mdm AJR>m : a_oe BJio-CmXH$a
H$mOi_m`m : Os.E. Hw$bH$Uu
[X.~m. _moH$mes `mMs H$Wm : g. Aa[dX JmoIbo
ls.Xm. nmZdbH$a `mMs H$Wm : g. _.X. hmVH$UJboH$a
^mD$ nm`o : loR> H$Wm : g. [X.nw. [Mo
[ZdS>H$ H$_b XogmB
Kmesam_ H$moVdmb : [dO` V|Sw>bH$a
`wJmV : _hoe EbHw$Mdma
g`emoYH$ : Jmo.nw. XoenmSo>
[ZdS>H$ : o_mZX Jds
H$ma_mPH$ ~Yy : 2 ^mJ : XV`odH$s : AZw. ^mD$ Y_m[YH$mar
nmS>g : _mOm}ar [H$ZZ am[bO : AZw. am_ nQ>dYZ
amOm [b`a : eog[nAa : AZw. Jmo.[d. H$aXsH$a
bmBS>Zog : `wPo gmam_mJw : AZw. ^m.b. ^moio
PmS> bmdUmam _mUyg : Om [OAmZmo : AZw. _mYwar nwaXao
An Introduction to the study of
Indian History : D.D. Kosambi
civilization and capitalism : Fernand Braudel : 3
Pandaemonium : Humphrey Jennings
The complete letters of Vincent Van gogh
Living to tell the tale : Marques Gabriel Garcia

gnH$ : 02143- 692304, 9422689559

IS>

e^a nwVHo$ : AmUIr EH$ pQ>H$moZ

m_ _amR>s dmMH$ hmo`mMm Agm H$moUVmhs H$mog Zmhs [H$dm Vgo Am_Qo>), OsEMs [ZdS>H$ no, _mhs_Ms ImS>s (_Yw _Joe H$[UH$) `mgmaIs
epVn XoUmar gWm Zmhs. nU, Amnmn`m narZo dmMV Va
[H$`oH$ Cm_mom_ nwVHo$ `m `mXsV Q>mHy$Z `mXs 200 [H$dm 500 nwVH$mMs
AgVmoM AmnU gJio OU. Vohm _amR>sVbs AmdOyZ
H$aVm `oD$ eHo$b. Xwgam Hw$Us `mVbs Xhm nwVHo$ H$mTy>Z Xwgar Xhm nwVHo$
dmMm`bmM hds Aem EH$eo EH$ nwVH$mMs `mXs Amhs XoV AmhmoV.
`mXsV g_m[dQ> H$$ eHo$b. `mbm AV Zmhs. _m, _m`m _Vo gmo~V`m
gwdmVsbmM H$mhs JmoQ>s nQ> H$aVmo. kmZodar,
`mXsVbs 100 nwVHo$ dmMUo hr MmJbm _amR>s
gO` ^mH$a Omoer
VwH$mam_mMs JmWm, Zm_XodmMo A^J dJao _hmZ
dmMH$ hmo`mgmR>s AJXs [H$_mZ nmVm Agob. hs
nwVHo$ AmnU [d[dY H$maUmgmR>s dmMVM AgVmo
`mXs H$aVmZm EH$ n` nmibo Amho, EH$m
`m_wio `mMm BWo g_mdoe Ho$bm Zmhs. VgoM gmYmaUnUo gdgm_m`
boIH$mMo EH$m gm[h`H$mamVbo EH$M nwVH$ `m `mXsV KoVbo Amho. Vo
dmMH$mbm g_moa Ro>dyZ hs `mXs Ho$bs Amho Vohm [d[eR> jomV `mgJ [H$dm IynM AmdS>`mg `m boIH$mMs BVa nwVHo$ AmdOyZ dmMmds. hs `mXs
A`mg H$aUm`m A`mgH$mgmR>s hs `mXs Zmhs. `m_wio `m `mXsV
H$aVmZm gdgmYmaU MmJbm dmMH$ JhrV Yabm Amho, Ho$di C XOmMo
g_sjm_H$ JWmMm g_mdoe Ho$bm Zmhs. `m_mUo AZwdm[XV nwVH$mMm
Zdgm[h` dmMUmam dmMH$ BWo JhrV Yabm Zmhs AWdm Ho$di ah`H$Wm
g_mdoe `m `mXsV Zmhs. AWmV EH$ AmhoM, _amR>sV AmOda BVH$s A[V_ [H$dm doi Kmbdm`bm A[Vgm_m` nwVHo$ dmMUmamhs Zmhs Am[U eodQ>Mo
nwVHo$ [b[hbs Jobs AmhoV, H$s gJisM Cm_ nwVHo$ BWo `oVsb Ago Zmhs hUOo BWo nwVHo$ AmoisZo [Xbs Agbs Var `mV H$moUVmhs JwUdmmH$_
Am[U H$moUVshs [ZdS>H$ hs `{$[ZR> AgUmaM. H$medmQ>m (H$me
A[^oV Zmhs.
A.H$. nwVH$mMo Zmd
1 nU bjmV H$moU KoVmo?
2. [M_UamdmMo MhmQ>
3. gwXm`mMo nmoho
4. EH$M `mbm
5. _mPs O_Ro>n
6. XmbV
7. ~mUH$`m
8. _mPm dmg AWdm
1857`m ~S>mMs h{H$H$V
9. `m_Ms AmB
10. _{V[Mo
11. ``mVs
12. H$`mMo [Zdmg

boIH$mMo Zmd
h.Zm. AmnQo>
qMVm_U [dZm`H$ Omoes
lsnmX H$U H$mohQ>H$a
am_ JUoe JS>H$ar
[dZm`H$ Xm_moXa gmdaH$a
Zm.gs. \$S>Ho$
lsYa `H$Qo>e Ho$VH$a
[dUw^Q> JmoS>go

gm[h`H$ma
gm.$H$mX~ar
[dZmoXs H$Wm
boIgJh
ZmQ>H$
AZw^dH$WZ
H$mX~ar
dmgdUZ

gmZo JwOs
Am_. H$mX~ar
b_s~mB [Q>iH$
Am_M[a
[d.g. ImSo>H$a
H$mX~ar
[d^mdar [e$aH$a
H$Wm
(_mbVs~mB ~oSo>H$a)
13. [XdmH$am`m ZmQ>N>Q>m eH$a H$m{eZmW JJ}
ZmQ>N>Q>m
14. gnyU AmJaH$a [Z~YgJh Jmonmi JUoe AmJaH$a boIgJh
15. aUmJU
[dlm_ ~oSo>H$a
H$mX~ar
16. nmUH$im
a.dm. [XKo
H$mX~ar
17. H$mhs hmVmao d EH$ hmVmar [d.X. KmQo>
`{$[Mo
18. J^aoes_
B[Xam gV
H$[dVm
19. Ano[jVmMo AVaJ
ls._. _mQo>
H$Wm
20. _mUXoes _mUg
`H$Qo>e _mS>JyiH$a
H$Wm
21. gVamdo df
nw.^m. ^mdo
H$Wm
22. H$m|Sw>am
qM.`. ImZmobH$a
23. Jma~sMm ~mny
ls.Zm. n|S>go
H$mX~ar
24. EH$ hmoVm H$mha
dsUm JdmUH$a
M[a
25. JJmYa JmS>Jsi
JJmYma JmS>Jsi
H$Wm
`mMs [ZdS>H$ H$Wm
26. __`s
Jmo.Zs. XmSo>H$a
H$mX~ar

27. F$VwMH$
28. EH$ PmS> Am[U XmoZ njs
29. YJ
30. gmsMs Mmoar
31. AZm[_H$mMs [MV[ZH$m
32. gm[ds
33. `$s Am[U ds
34. H$mogbm
35. am`JS>mbm Oohm OmJ `oVo
36. dm_s
37. MH$
38. `wJmV
39. [ZdS>H$ R>UR>Unmi
40. Oohm _mUyg OmJm hmoVmo
41. JmoVmdim
42. ZQ>g_mQ>
43. H$mOi_m`m
44. ~bwV
45. [ZdS>H$ [dkmZH$Wm
46. Jmob[nR>m
47. _`wO`
48. Cnam
49. dsaYdb
50. _s H$gm Pmbmo?
51. ~ZJadmS>s
52. [H$_`m
53. AmZXs Jmonmi
54. _w~B [XZmH$
55. ag AZmag
56. WbmVa

XwJm ^mJdV
[dlm_ ~oSo>H$a
Cd O. eoiHo$
a_oe _s
nw.`. XoenmSo>
nw.[e. aoJo
nw.b. XoenmSo>
^mbM Zo_mSo>
dgV H$mZoQ>H$a
aU[OV XogmB
O`dV Xids
BamdVs H$d}
O`dV Xids
JmoXmdar n$ioH$a
AmZX `mXd
[d.dm. [eadmS>H$a
Os.E. Hw$bH$Uu
X`m ndma
gnmXH$:[ZaOZ KmQo>
Zm_Xod T>gmi
[edmOs gmdV
b_U _mZo
ZmW_mYd
AmMm` .Ho$. Ao
`H$Qo>e _mS>JyiH$a
_mYd AmMdb
ls.O. Omoes
AU gmYy
amOZ ImZ
gm[Z`m

b[bV boI
Am_M[a
H$mX~ar
H$Wm
qMVZ
H$mX~ar
H$mn[ZH$ `{$[Mo
H$mX~ar
ZmQ>H$
Eo[Vhm[gH$ H$mX~ar
H$mX~ar
_hm^maVmdarb boI
[dZmoXs boIgJh
AZw^dH$WZ
H$mX~ar
ZmQ>H$
H$Wm
Am_M[a
[dkmZH$Wm
H$[dVm
H$mX~ar
Am_M[a
H$mX~ar
Am_M[a
H$mX~ar
b[bV boIZ
H$mX~ar
H$mX~ar
H$mX~ar
H$mX~ar

OyZ-Owb 2011

101

57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.

~mamo_mg
gXmZX Xoe_wI
VUH$Q>
amOZ Jdg
^a MmH$mVsb Aa`$XZ aJZmW nR>mao
CgwH$VoZo _s Pmonbmo
`m_ _Zmoha
am_ZJar
am_ ZJaH$a
OmJa
Zaha Hw$$XH$a
gdm}m_ [nJo
adt [nJo
gImam_ ~mBS>a
[dO` V|Sw> bH$a
`wJmV
_hoe EbHw$Mdma
EHo$H$ nmZ Jimd`m
Jmar XoInmSo>
hg AHo$bm
_oKZm noRo>
~
H$[dVm _hmOZ
[MaXmh
^maV gmgUo
_madm
Amem ~Jo
emim
[_qbX ~moH$sb
_hmnwfm`m ZOaoVyZ s _Jbm AmR>`oH$a
EH$m Z`mMm O_
ls.Xm. nmZdbH$a
nmQ>Za
d.nw. H$mio
[Xdg|[Xdg
e.Zm. Zdao
~. A[Z$ YmonodaH$a ^mD$ nm`o
PmS>mPS>Vs
[ddmg nmQ>sb
AmdS>bobs _mUgo
[dmYa nwS>[bH$
ZmJsU
Mm$Vm gmJa
Oohm _s OmV Mmoabs hmoVs ~m~wamd ~mJwb

1. Pluthers Lives
2. Meditations of Marcus
Aurelius
3. Chaucer
4. Imitation of Christ
(Thomas a Kempis)
5. Holy Living and Holy
Dying (Jeremy Taylor)
6. Pilgrims Progress
7. Macaulays Essays
8. Bacons Essays
9. Addisons Essays
10. Essays of Elia (Charles
Lamb)
11. Les Miserables (Hugo)
12. Heroes and Hero Worship
(Carlyle)
13. Palgraves Golden
Treasury
14. Wordsworth
15. Vicar of Wakefiled
16. Adam Bede (George Eliot)
17. Vanity Fair (Thackeray)
18. Ivanhoe (Scott)

102 OyZ-Owb 2011

H$mX~ar
H$mX~ar
H$mX~ar
H$mX~ar
Am_M[a
boIgJh
[ZdS>H$ b[bV boI
ZmQ>H$
ZmQ>H$
H$Wm
H$Wm
H$mX~ar
H$Wm
H$Wm
H$mX~ar
gm_m[OH$ [MVZ
H$Wm
H$mX~ar
H$mX~ar
H$mX~ar
H$mX~ar
`{$[Mo
H$Wm
H$Wm

81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.

_bm CXdV hm`M`

Amho _Zmoha Var
dmbm Am[U \w$bo
ZjmMo XoUo
g`mH$mi`m H$[dVm
amZmV`m H$[dVm
ag`mm
g[hVm
[M{bns
[Ogs
Am[\$`g
[ZemUs S>mdm AJR>m
H$mim gy` Am[U
hQ> KmbUmar ~mB
94. [ZOYm_
95. [_amgXmar
96. H$[bS>moH$mon
97. WH$ `y [_Q>a bmS>
98. [ZnU djmda ^a Xwnmar
99. nMVmam[H$V
100. OmhsaZm_m

A_o[aH$Z gm[h`mMo _mZXS>

1.
2.
3.
4.

Scarlet Letter
Parkmans Histories
Motleys Dutch Republic
Grants Memoirs

Am_M[a
Am_M[a
H$[dVm
H$[dVm
H$[dVm
H$[dVm
H$[dVm
H$[dVm
H$[dVm
H$[dVm
H$Wm
H$mX~ar
H$Wm

aZmH$a _VH$ar
X._m. [_amgXma
A`wV ~d}
A[Zb ~d}
h._mo. _amRo>
[`m V|Sw>bH$a
Zmam`U gwd}

JyT>H$Wm
H$Wm
H$mX~ar
H$mX~ar
H$mX~ar
Am_H$WZ
H$[dVm

gnH$ : 9822003411
B-ob : sanjaybhaskarj@gmail.com

Amn`m JWmb`mV ho gm[h` Amho H$m ?

19. On the Heights (Auerbach)
20. Eugenie Grandet (Balzac)
21. Scarlet Letter (Hawthrone)
22. Emersons Essays
23. Boswells Life of Johnson
24. History of English people
(Green)
25. Outlines of Universal
History
26. Origin of Species
27. Montaignes Essays
28. Longfellow
29. Tennyson
30. Browning
31. Whittier
32. Ruskin
33. Herbert Spencer

_{H$m A_aeoI
gwZrVm XoenmSo>
~m~m Am_Qo>
AmaVs ^y
Jog
Zm.Ymo. _hmZmoa
Hw$gw_mJO
qdXm H$a[XH$a
dgV Am. S>hmHo$
_Joe nmS>JmdH$a
[Xbsn [Mo
a_oe BJio CmXH$a
H$_b XogmB

5. Franklins Autobiography
6. Websters Speeches
7. Lowells Bigelow Papers
8. Lowells Critical Essays
9. Thoreaus Walden
10. Leaves of Grass
(Whitman)
11. Leather-stocking Tales
(Cooper)
12. Autocrat of the Breakfast
Table
13. Ben Hur
14. Uncle Toms Cabin

A_o[aHo$Vsb _hmZ H$ds

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Bryant
Poe
Whittier
Longfello
Lowell
Emerson
Whitman
Lanier

9. Aldrich
10. Stoddard

BJOs_Ysb _moRo> H$ds

1. Chaucer
2. Spenser
3. Shakespeare
4. Milton
5. Burns
6. Wordsworth
7. Keats
8. Shelley
9. Tennyson
10. Browning

[d`mV BJOs [Z~YH$ma

1. Bacon
2. Addison
3. Steele
4. Macaulay
5. Lamb
6. Jeffrey
7. De Quincey
8. Carlyle
9. Thackeray
10. Matthew Arnold

nwVH$m[df`sMs nwVHo$

dm

MUm`mMs amoOm[Zes ho "nwVH$m[df`sMs

nwVHo$' (Books on Books) `m
H$mamV _moS>Umao nwVH$ Amho. `m
H$ma`m nwVH$mMo _mU BJOs ^mfoV \$ma _moRo>
Amho. boIH$, H$meH$, nwVH$[dHo$Vo, dmMH$ Aem
AZoH$ Zm`mZs nwVH$mes o_mMo ZmVo OmoS>bo OmVo.
`mVyZ hs nwVHo$ O_ KoVmV. nwVH$doS>m`m
nwVH$gJhmV Aem H$ma`m nwVH$mZm \$ma _hdmMo
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

EbHw$Mdma _hoe
JmoJQ>o eaX
Omoes ls.~m.
Omoes ls.~m.
Omoes ls.~m.
Omoes ls.~m.
Omoes ls.~m.
Omoes ls.~m.
[Q>Ho$H$a AU

WmZ AgVo. BJOs_`o hm gm[h`H$ma A[Ve`

g_ Agbm Var _amR>sV _m `m H$mamVbs nwVHo$
H$_sM AmT>iVmV.
dmMZgH$VsMs OmonmgZm Am[U dmT> hmo`mgmR>s
nwVH$m[df`sMs nwVHo$ _moR>m hmV^ma bmdV AgVmV.
`m Q>sZo _amR>s Am[U BJOs `m Xmohs ^mfmVsb
nwVH$m[df`s`m nwVH$mMs `mXs nwTo> [Xbs Amho. `m
`mm n[anyU ZmhsV. BJOsVsb Passion for Books

: n{M_^m, Mjy H$meZ, AmaJm~mX

: _amR>s JWH$meZmMs 200 df}, amOhg, nwUo, 2008
: gH$bZ, o{Q>O n{bHo$eg, nwUo, 1985
: JJmOis 2, _Oo{Q>H$ H$meZ, _w~B, 2004
: JJmOis 2, _Oo{Q>H$ H$meZ, _w~B, 2006
: JJmOis 3, _Oo{Q>H$ H$meZ, _w~B, 2007
: JJmOis 4, _Oo{Q>H$ H$meZ, _w~B, 2009
: Cm_ _`_, nJYm H$meZ, nwUo, 2010
: Aja[ZR>mMs _m[X`mis : JWemoY Am[U dmMZ~moY,
[S>nb n{bHo$eg, _w~B, 2005 gd[YV
Xwgar Amdms : amohZ H$meZ, nwUo, 27 _mM 2011
10. [Q>Ho$H$a AU
: VmaV`, IS> 4, H$mb[ZU` H$meZ, _w~B, 1997
11. R>mbo-nmQ>sb
: dmMZdoY, _amR>dmS>m gm[h`
H$m[VH$amd
Am[U n[afX, AmaJm~mX, 2008
ZmXoS>H$a lsYa (gnm.)
12. Vwinwio e.Jmo.
: _amR>s JW[Z[_VsMs dmQ>Mmb,
_hmamQ> JWmomoOH$ g^m, nwUo, 1974
13. XeZo gmaJ (gnm.) : JWm`m ghdmgmV, _Oo{Q>H$, _w~B, 2009
14. ZmBH$ ~mnyamd
: ^maVs` JW_wU, H$. Jmo.J. [b_`o Q>Q>, nwUo, 1980
15. [`moiH$a
: [` Am[U A[`,
AZV H$mH$~m
[dX^-_amR>dmS>m ~wH$ H$nZs, nwUo, 1965
16. [`moiH$a
: _amR>s JWmMo AmXe gJhmb`, _w~B _amR>s gm[h`
AZV H$mH$~m
gK, _w~B, 1969
17. ^mdo ls._m.
: OsUm}ma, bmoH$dmL>_` Jh, _w~B, 2009
18. _mbeo g.J.
: AmJidoJi, gwnU H$meZ, nwUo, 1986
19. _mbeo g.J.
: VmaV`, naMwao H$meZ _[Xa, _w~B, 1987
20. [b_`o A.h.
: JW`dhma, hsZg H$meZ, nwUo, 1952
21. [b_`o A.h.
: _amR>s JWH$meZmMo d$n
: [dH$mg Am[U d$n, gmX H$meZ, nwUo
22. d gamo[OZs
: gH$_U, ls[dm H$meZ, nwUo, 1985
23. [eaYZH$a ^mZy : nwVH$mMs Xw[Z`m, A[^Zd H$meZ, _w~B, 1968
24. gh~wo A[dZme : Xw_ui AjaYZ, daXm H$meZ, nwUo, 1993
25. gm_V ~mi
: JWm`Z, AmZX~Z H$meZ, _w~B
26. gmdV e[eH$mV : AmXw~a : nwVH$m`m ghdmgmV,
AmXw~a H$meZ, _w~B
27. nwVH$mMs AO~ Xw[Z`m : g`wAb Bm`b, AZwdmX Z[bZs ZmBH$,
H$meH$- EZ. ~s. Q>s.
28. dmMZ gH$ma
: gVse nmoao
29. Omdo JWm`m Jmdm : Xsn H$[UH$
30. _amR>s JW [Z[_VsMs dmQ>Mmb : e.Jmo. Vwinwio
31. nwVH$mMs `mXs
: _amR>s JW gJhmb`, R>mUo (31-3-1950 AIoa)
32. nwVH$ Ama _ : [Z_b d_m, a_oeM ehm, `eXod e`, dmJse ewb, O`eH$a,
Ywd ewb (gnmXZ - amHo$e ls_mb)

( Ed. Robinowitz Harold & Kaplan Rob) `m

nwVH$m`m AIoarg Aem 113 nwVH$m`m ZmdmMs
`mXs [Xbobs Amho. AJXs XmoZeo dfmnydunmgyZ BJOsV
H$m[eV Pmbo`m nwVH$m[df`s`m nwVH$mMm `m
`mXsV g_mdoe Amho. BWo [Xbo`m BJOs nwVH$m`m
`mXsV _m AbsH$S>sb H$mimV H$m[eV Pmbo`m
Am[U Passion for Books _Ysb `mXsV Zgbo`m
nwVH$mMs Zmdo Xo`mda ^a [Xbm Amho.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Basbanes, Nicholas
Basbanes, Nicholas
Basbanes, Nicholas
Basbanes, Nicholas
Basbanes, Nicholas
Baxter John
Birkerts, Sven

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Brooks, Marshall (Ed.)

Buzbee, Lewis
Dale, Warren (Ed.)
Dorris, Michael &
Estelle, Ellis & Others
Fadiman, Anne: Ex Libris
Gekoski, Rick

15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.

Gekoski, Rick
Gladstone, W.E.
Goldstone, Lawrence
Goldstone, Lawrence
Goldstone, Nancy
Hamilton, John Maxwell
Hanff, Helen
Hitchings, Henry

23.
24.
25.

: Among the Gently Mad

: Editions and Impressions
: Every Book Its Reader
: A Gentle Madness
: Patience and Fortitude
: A Pound of Paper : Confessions of A Book Adict
: The Gutenberg Elegies - The Fate of Reading in
an Electronic Age
: The Romance of the Books
: The Yellow-lighted Bookshop
: What is A Book
: The Most Wonderful Books Buchwald Emilie (Ed.)
: At Home with Books
: Confessions of a Common Reader
: Nabokov"s Butterfly & Other Stores of Great
Authors and Rare Books
: Outside of a Dog
: On Books and the Housing of Them
: Bookworld
: Slightly Chipped
: Used and Rare
: Casanova was a Book Lover
: 84, Charing Crossroad
: Defining the World : The Extra ordinary Story of
Dr. JohnsonL>s Dictionary
: The Book of Lost Books
: The Evolution of The Book
: Men & Books

Kelly, Stuart
Kilgour Fredrick
Maclean, Malcolm
& Holmes, Elisabeth (Ed.)
26. Manguel, Alberto
: History of Reading
27. Manguel, Alberto
: HomerL>s The Iliad and The Odyssey
28. Manguel, Alberto
: Into the Looking Giasswood
29. Manguel, Alberto
: Library at Night
30. Manguel, Alberto
: Reading Diary
31. Manguel, Alberto
: With Borges
32. McMurthy, Larry
: Books : A Memoir
33. Miler, Henry
: Books in My Life
34. Orcutt, William
: The Kingdom of Books
35. Osho
: The Books I Loved
36. Petroski, Henry
: The Book On the Book-Shelf
37. Pettegree, Andrew
: The Book In the Renaissance
38. Powers, Alan
: Living with Books
39. Robinowitz, Harold
: Passion for Books
& Kaplan Rob (Ed.)
40. Roy, M.N.
: Library of a Revolutionary
41. Starrett, Vincet
: Penny Wise and Book Foolish
42. Steffens, Jo (Ed.)
: Unpacking My Library
43. Wiles, Margaret
: Reading Matters
44. Wolfe, Linda
: The Literary Gourmet
45. Woolf, Virginia
: The Common Reader
46. The Groaning Shelf & other instances of book love :Pradeep Sebastian
47. Why Read the Classics ?: Italo Calvino
48. The Romance of book Collecting :Aroon Tikekar
49. The new life time reading plan: Clifton Fadiman & John S. Major
50. The Club Dumas: Arturo Perez Reverte

("dmMUm`mMr amoO{Zer' `m "bmoH$dmL>`Jhm'`m nwVH$mVyZ gm^ma.)

OyZ-Owb 2011

103

Cdb nanam : VoOdr ^{d`

e[ZH$m [d^mJ hUyZ AmoiIbm

OmUmam hm [d^mJ _wimV JPo[Q>Aa
[d^mJ hUyZ gdn[a[MV Amho. `m
[d^mJmbm EH$ XsK Aes nanam AgyZ, EHy$UM
[~[Q>e emgZmZo AmnU `m ^y^mJmda am` H$aVmo
`m ^y^mJmMs n[anyU Zm|X hmds, `m hoVyZo
JPo[Q>Aa [Z[_Vsg gwdmV Ho$bs. AmO m
[d^mJm`m dVsZo [d[dY _m[bHo$VyZ [Ohm d
am` nmVisda BJOs d _amR>sVyZ gmV`mZo JW
H$m[eV Ho$bo OmVmV. am` d [Ohm
Xe[ZHo$[edm` dmV`moma H$mimV `m [d^mJmZo
^maVs` dmV` AmXmobZ[df`H$ B[Vhmg nQ>
H$aUmao AmYma gm[h`mMo H$meZ _moR>m
_mUmV Ho$bo Amho. (gmog _Qo>[aAb \$ma [X
[hQ>s Am\$ [\$S>_ _wh_|Q> gZ 1818 Vo 1941)
`m[edm` dmV` g[ZH$ M[a H$moemMo ghm IS>
VgoM _hm_m JmYs gH$[bV dmL>_` `mMo 61
IS> _amR>sVyZ AZwdm[XV Ho$bo AmhoV. ~Xb`m
H$mim`m ~amo~a B-JhZg hs gH$nZm bjmV
KoD$Z [d^mJmZo gnyU nydH$m[eV JPo[Q>Ag d
A` gm[h` B-~wH$ d$nm_`o CnbY H$$Z
[Xbo Amho. [edm` 2005nmgyZ Z`mZo H$m[eV
hmoUmam `oH$ JW hm JWm~amo~aM B-~wH$
d$nm_`o CnbY H$$Z [Xbm OmVmo ho [deof.
emgZm`m
A[YH$V
gHo$VWimda
(www.maharashtra.gov.in)
AmO
gmYmaUnUo 60,000 nR>mMm [b[IV _OHy$a d
gmYmaUnUo 4.5 Os~sMm S>mQ>m CnbY Amho.
^maVm`m gd am`mgmR>s JPo[Q>Aa [d^mJ
H$m`aV Agbm Var XoemV gnyU JPo[Q>Aa B-~wH$
d$nmV V`ma H$$Z AmZbmBZ CnbY H$$Z
Xo`mMo lo` am`mVsb `m [d^mJmg bm^bo Amho.
ZdsZ d$nmVsb Xe[ZH$m Am[U B-~wH$ `mZm
gmV`mZo Agbo`m _mJUs_wio `m`m nwZ_w[V
Amd`m d gwYm[aV Amd`m `m [d^mJm`m dVsZo
CnbY H$$Z Xo`mV `oV AmhoV.
_hmamQ> emgZm`m n`Q>Z d gmH$[VH$
[d^mJm`m [Z`UmImbs H$m`aV Agbobm
Xe[ZH$m [d^mJ hm JW H$meZmMm gn dmagm
Agbobm EH$ [d^mJ AgyZ, _yimV [~[Q>e
H$mbIS>m_`o ^maV _`m`m A[Yn`mImbs
BbS>_`o B[S>`m Am{$gMs WmnZm Pm`mda
^maV_s bmS> Eg. ZmWH$moQ>`m AmQ>mo~a
1867`m EH$m AmXoemd`o hmBgam`Zo JPo[Q>Aa
[df`H$ H$m_ [hXwWmZMm gm{`H$s _hmgMmbH$

104 OyZ-Owb 2011

[d`_ hQ>a `m`mH$So> gmon[dbo. `mZo gnyU

XoemgmR>s B[n[aAb JPo[Q>Aa Am\$ B[S>`m VgoM
`oH$ [OmgmR>s [S>{Q>Q> JPo[Q>Ag
~Z[d`mMs `moOZm AmIbs. [d`_ [dgZ hQ>a
hm ^maVs` JPo[Q>AaMm OZH$ hmo`.
Xe[ZH$m [d^mJ AmQ>mo~a 1964nmgyZ AmO
Amho `m d$nmV emgZmMm am`Var` [d^mJ

hUyZ H$m`aV Amho. Ago Agbo Var JPo[Q>Aa

JWmMs [Z[_Vs hmoV AgVmZm Vs n[anyU d Cn`w$
R>amds `m Q>sZo nydunmgyZ gd_m` [dmZmMm `m
[Z[_VsV gh^mJ am[hbm Amho. [d^mJ hUyZ
A{VdmV `o`mnydu EH$ dV Ago gnmXH$s`

S>m. AUM e. nmR>H$

_S>i ho H$m_ H$aV hmoVo d AmOhs [dmnsR>
nVmisdarb hmoUm`m [d[dY gemoYZmMm d
emgZm`m dVsZo am~d`mV `oUm`m [d[dY
CnH$_mMm `mo` g_d` gmY`m`m Q>sZo
[d[dY Vk A`mgH$mMo EH$ gnmXH$ _S>i `m
[d[dY _m[bHo$Vsb JW [Z[_VsgmR>s H$m`aV
AgVo. `m _S>imMo A`j hUyZ nydu emgZmMo
_w` g[Md H$m`aV AgV. AmVm n`Q>Z d
gmH$[VH$ [d^mJmMo YmZ g[Md A`j
AgVmV; Va [d^mJmMo H$m`H$mar gnmXH$ `m
_S>imMo nX[g g[Md AgVmV. Xa VsZ dfmZVa
nwZamdmsZo ho gnmXH$ _S>i H$m`aV AgVo.

_S>imda `mnydu S>m. Os.Eg. Kw`}, S>m. Eg.gs.

Z[XZmW nmgyZ S>m. ^m.b. ^moio, S>m. OZmXZ
dmK_mao, S>m. ls.[d. ImXodmbo, ls. _mYd
JS>H$ar, nls _.Ho$. T>disH$a, S>m. `w._.
nR>mU, S>m. ZmJmoamd Hw$^ma, gwYsa JhmUo
`mgma`m _m`dam~amo~aM g`m H$m`aV
Agbo`m gnmXH$ _S>imV Cma _hmamQ>
[dmnsR>mMo Hw$bJw$ S>m. Ho$.~s. nmQ>sb, S>m.
Jmo.~. XoJbyaH$a, S>m. am.ls. _moadMsH$a, S>m.
S>s.hs. Ohm[JaXma, S>m. ~s.Eg. S|>Jio, mMm`
g.[X. _hmOZ `mgma`m _m`da A`mgH$
VgoM ZdsZ [nT>sVsb S>m. gwZrb nwar, S>m. lsZX
~mnQ>, S>m. lm Hw$^moOH$a `mgmaIo VU
A`mgH$gwm H$m`aV AmhoV. ho gnmXH$ _S>i
gX` `$s hUyZ Am[U dV: H$m`aV
Agbo`m gWoMo [V[ZYs hUyZ `moJXmZ XoV
AgVmV. hs Zmdo Ho$di m[V[Z[YH$ AmhoV.
[d^mJm`m dVsZo H$m[eV H$a`mV `oUm`m
[d[dY _m[bH$mMm _m[bH$me: n[aM` Agm[~[Q>eH$mbsZ JPo[Q>Aa
[~[Q>e H$mbIS>m_`o Wm[ZH$ emgZ gwH$a
hmdo, VH$mbsZ [Ohm[YH$m`mbm `m ^yXoemMs
nwaoes _m[hVs Agmds Am[U `oWsb OmVs,
O_mVsMo Vnerb [~[Q>e am`H$`m`m
gmo`sgmR>s hUyZ kmV hmdo hm _w` hoVy _ZmV
Ro>dyZ `oWsb OmVsV OmV _hgyb dgwbs`m
Q>sZo Amd`H$ Vnesb nwadUmam JW hUyZ
[Ohm JPo[Q>AgMs [Z[_Vs Pmbs. 1857`m
CR>mdmAmYs [~[Q>emZs Ago gm{`H$s Vnerb
Jmoim H$a`mg ma^ Ho$bm hmoVm. 1857`m
CR>mdmZVa ^maVs`mMs gdoXZerbVm bjmV
Am`mda Amnbm dgmhVdmXs pQ>>H$moZ bjmV
KoD$Z emgZ [df`H$ A[YH$ XjVm
~miJ`m`m Q>sZo `mZs [Ohm JPo[Q>Aa
[Z_mU H$a`mMm `Z Ho$bm. `m_`o [deofV:
_hmamQ>mes g~[YV JPo[Q>Aa JWmMs [Z[_Vs
H$aVmZm m_w`mZo [d`_ [dgZ hQ>a `m`m
`moOZo_mUo B[n[aAb JPo[Q>Aa`m [Z[_Vsg
gwdmV Pmbs d `m`m [d[dY Amd`m
[ZKm`m. `m_`o 26 IS>mMs Os eodQ>Ms Amdms
[ZKmbs [VMo H$m_ gmYmaUnUo VsZ ^mJmV
[d^mJVm `oBb. ~m~o o[gSo>gsMm Omo ^mJ hmoVm
`mgmR>s AmO`m _hmamQ>mes g~[YV Agbo`m
EHy$U 17 [OmMs JPo[Q>Aa JW 1880nmgyZ
1909n`V`m H$mbmdYsV nyU H$a`mV Ambs.

`m_`o ImXoe [S>{Q>Q> JPo[Q>Aa (1880) d

aZm[Jar AS> gmdVdmS>s [S>Q>sQ> JPo[Q>Aa
H$m[eV (gZ 1880) Pmbo Va _m[bHo$Vsb
eodQ>Mo JPo[Q>Aa ~m~o gsQ>s AS> Am`bS> ho
VsZ IS>mV 1909_`o H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambo.
VH$mbsZ g|Q>b mo{hgog AS> ~oama`m
[Z`UmImbs dhmS> d [dX^mMm ^mJ `oV
Ag`mZo `mVsb AmR> [OmgmR>sMo JPo[Q>Aa
1906 Vo 1911 `m H$mbmdYsV H$m[eV H$a`mV
Ambo. dYm [S>Q>sQ> JPo[Q>Aa 1906_`o Va
ZmJnya d A_amdVs [Ohm JPo[Q>Aa 1911_`o
H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambo. ~m~o o[gSo>gs`m JW
[Z[_VsMs nanam H$mhses `mnH$ d A[YH$
Vnerb nwadUmar Aes hmoVs. `mV ~m~o, R>mUm,
nwUo hs [Ohm JPo[Q>Aa `oH$s 3 IS>mV H$m[eV
H$a`mV Ambs hmoVs; Va _` Xoe Am[U dhmS>
([dX^mgh) `m ^mJmMs JPo[Q>Aa VwbZoZo AmQ>monesa d WmoS>s bhmZ AmH$mamV hmoVs. `mMm "A'
^mJ hm dUZm_H$ Vnesb nwadUmam AgyZ, "~'
^mJ hm Ho$di gm{`H$s` _m[hVs XoUmam Agm
hmoVm. `j [~[Q>em`m [Z`UmImbs Zgbobm
_amR>dmS>mMm Xoe hm [ZOm_ S>mo[_[ZAgMm EH$
^mJ hmoVm. `mZsgwm Ago JPo[Q>Aa V`ma H$amdo,
Agm [~[Q>e emgH$mMm AmJh Agm`Mm. Ago
Agbo Var gdH$f gd}jU [H$dm [Ohme:
JW[Z[_Vs [ZOm_mZo Ho$bs Zmhs. VWm[n, "JPo[Q>Aa
Am\$ X hm~mX AS> AgmBS> [S>Q>sQ>' hm
[ZOm_m`m Vm`mVsb H$mhs [OmMs moQ>H$
_m[hVs XoUmam JW H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambm. Ago
Agbo Var _wZsa Zdma OJ `mZo d `m`m
ghH$m`mZs AmaJm~mX [S>Q>sQ> JPo[Q>AaMm EH$
_moR>m IS> 1884bm H$m[eV Ho$bm. 18`m,
19`m eVH$mMo _amR>dmS>mMo Vnerb nwadUmam
Agm hm IS> d `m _m[bHo$Vsb EHy$UM gd JW
[d^mJmZo nwZ_w[V H$$Z A`mgH$mZm CnbY
H$$Z [Xbo AmhoV. [~{Q>e JPo[Q>Aa [Z[_Vs ~m~o
o[gSo>gsnwaVs Var 1909_`o nyU Pmbs ho
AmYmadf _mU _mZyZ `mMm eVH$nyVu gmohim
hUyZ "~m~o [gQ>s AS> Am`bS>' ho JPo[Q>Aa
[d^mJmZo ZwH$VoM _m. _w`_`mMo hVo H$m[eV
Ho$bo Amho.
"~m~o [gQ>s AS> Am`bS>' ho EHy$U
VsZ IS>mV H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambo. `mMo gd}jU
[df`H$ ~hwVme H$m_ Oog E_. H$~ob `mZs nyU
Ho$bo hmoVo. `j JW H$meZmMo H$m_ _m
Eg.E_. ES>dS>g `mZs Ho$bo. `m JWm_`o _w~B
n[agam`m [dH$mgmMm gnyU AmboI 1661nmgyZ
1909n`V [Xbm Amho. gdgmYmaU dUZ `oWsb

CnmXZ, CnmXH$ OmVs O_mVsMo Vnerb, CmoJ,

`dgm`, `mnma d XiUdiU, B[Vhmg, `m`
`dWm, _hgwbs emgZ, ~m~o _w{gnmbQ>s, nmoQ>
Q>Q>, ehamMo Amamo`, ojUs` Wio d _hdm`m
gWm `mMo g[dVa Vnerb `mMo AmaoIZo d
N>m`m[Mo [Xbs AmhoV. EH$ _hdnyU gX^JW
hUyZ AmOhs ho JPo[Q>Aa Cn`w$ Amho. [~{Q>e
H$mimV JPo[Q>Aa H$aVmZm _hgyb [d^mJ, dZ
[d^mJ, H$fr [d^mJ `mVsb A[YH$mar m_w`mZo

boIZ H$aV. `m_wio VH$mbsZ dZgnXm d

mUsgQ>s[df`H$ Vnerb nmhm`bm [_iVmV.
[edm` ho JW [Z_mU H$aV AgVmZm VH$mbsZ
A`mgH$mMm `m_`o gh^mJ OmUsdnydH$
H$a`mV Ambm hmoVm. _w~B JPo[Q>Aa_`o ls.
S>s.Ama. d, ls. Ama.Eg. Q>mH$s, ls. amdgmho~,
ns.~s. Omoes, ls. ~s.Ho$. YwaYa `mMm gh^mJ
hmoVm Ago [XgVo. BVa JPo[Q>Aa`m [Z[_Vs_`ohs
hsM ~m~ AmT>iVo.
VWm[n, [~{Q>e JPo[Q>Aa dmMVmZm `mMm
dgmhVdmXs pQ>H$moZ d EVo[e`m[df`s H$mhs
nydJh hmoVo ho bjmV `oVo. _w~B_`o [dH$[gV
Pmbo`m dmVy d gWmMm _yi B[Vhmg g_OmdyZ
Ko`mgmR>s _m "~m~o [gQ>s AS> Am`bS>'
Cn`w$ Amho.
dmV`mZVa amOH$`mMm ~Xbbobm pQ>H$moZ
bjmV KoD$Z VH$mbsZ ^maVm`m 300
[OmgmR>s Z`mZo JPo[Q>Aa JW [bhmdoV Ago
R>abo `mgmR>s _mbmZm AXwb H$bm_ AmPmX
VH$mbsZ [ejU_s `mZs ggXo_`o R>amd
_mS>bm. `mV H|$r` Vamda ^maVmes g~[YV Ago
Mma IS>- 1. Xoe d bmoH$, 2. B[Vhmg Am[U
gH$Vs, 3. Am[WH$ aMZm d KS>m_moS>s, 4)
emgZ d gmdO[ZH$ H$`mU B`mXs Zwgma V`ma
H$a`mMo R>abo. Va `oH$ am`mZo Amn`m
am`mgmR>s gwYm[aV [Ohm JPo[Q>Aa V`ma
H$amd`mMo hmoVo. OmZodmar 1958_`o g|Q>b
JPo[Q>Aa `w[ZQ> d \o$~wdmarV g|Q>b AS>dm`Par

~moS> WmnZ H$a`mV Ambo. m. hw_m`yZ H$~sa ho

`mMo A`j hmoVo. EHy$U [d`_ [dgZ hQ>aMm
AmH$Vs~Y hmM nm`m^yV _mZbm Jobm. B[n[aAb
JPo[Q>Aa Am\$ B[S>`m ho AmVm "JPo[Q>Aa Am\$
B[S>`m B[S>`Z `w[Z`Z' `m ZmdmZo H$m[eV H$a`mV
Ambo d `mM dois `mg amQ>s` nmVisda
"Xe[ZH$m' hm eX drH$mabm Jobm. 15 AmJQ>
1965bm H$m[eV Pmbobm "Xoe d bmoH$' hm IS>
"^maV H$s Xe[ZH$m' `mM erfH$mImbs [hXsVhs
H$m[eV Pmbm.
AWmV, VH$mbsZ _w~B mVmZo 1949bm
[Ohmdma JPo[Q>Aa [Z[_VsMo H$m_ hmVs KoVbo hmoVo
d nwUo [Ohm JPo[Q>Aa ho 1952bm H$m[eV
H$a`mV Ambo. `m _m[bHo$Mo d[eQ> hUOo
VH$mbsZ _hmamQ>m`m 26 [OmMs JW[Z[_Vs
1987bm nyU H$a`mV Ambs. ^maVmVsb BVa
am`m`m VwbZoV ho H$m_ gdmV W_ nyU H$a`mV
Ambo. `m dois drH$mabobm AmH$Vs~Y hm EHy$U
19 H$aUmVyZ [OmMs _m[hVs XoUmam hmoVm.
`oH$ [OmMs ^mJmo[bH$ d[eQ>o, B[Vhmg,
bmoH$ d H$fr d Ob[gMZ, ~H$, dm[U`, CmoJ,
`mnma, Wm[ZH$ dam` gWm, ej[UH$ gWm,
emgZ, _hgyb, H$m`Xm, gw`dWm d `m`
`mM~amo~a Wm[ZH$ `dgm`, Amamo`, godm^mds
gWm Am[U ojUs` Wio `mMs _m[hVs `mV [Xbs
Amho. [OmVsb ehao d IoS>s `mMs [dVV gyMs
ho `m [Ohm JPo[Q>AaMo d[eQ hmoVo. `oH$ IS>
gamgar 1000 nR>mMm Amho. gnyU XoemgmR>s
hUyZ EH$M AmH$Vs~Y `mV am~dbm Jobm ho
[deof. ho gd JW Xe[ZH$m [d^mJmZo B-~yH$
d$nmV Z`mZo CnbY H$$Z [Xbo Amho.
am` JPo[Q>Aa _m[bH$m
Xe[ZH$m [d^mJmMo doJionU Ogo [Ohm
JPo[Q>Aa`m _m`_mVyZ nQ> hmoVo VgoM Vo am`
JPo[Q>Aa`m _m`_mVyZhs nQ> hmoVo. [~[Q>e
JPo[Q>AaMm JPo[Q>Aa Am\$ ~m~o o[gSo>gs hm
W_ IS> (1894) XmoZ ^mJmV H$m[eV Pmbm.
`mnH$s n[hbm ^mJ "Abu [hQ>s Am\$ [X
JwOamV'es g~[YV hmoVm, Va Xwgam ^mJ "[hQ>s
Am\$ [X H$m|H$U', "Abu [hQ>s Am\$ [X So>$Z
S>mD$Z Qy> [X _moh_So>Z H$m$oQ>' d BVa `m
esfH$mMm hmoVm. `mV Ama.Os. ^mS>maH$a,
^JdmZbmb BOs, AboPmS>a Zoa `mMo d BVamMo
`moJXmZ hmoVo; Va [d^mJmZo 1967_`o "[hQ>s
EeQ> [n[a`S>' hm JW H$m[eV Ho$bm. `mM
_m[bHo$_`o _``wJsZ d _amR>m H$mbIS>mes
g~[YV JWhs H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambo. `mMdois
_hmamQ>m`m ~mQ>Zses g~[YV 3 IS>, _hmamQ>

OyZ-Owb 2011

105

bdoO AS> [bQ>aoMa, \$mZm Ago EHy$U 10 JW

H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambo. `mV S>m. AmS>maH$a, S>m.
BamdVs H$d}, S>m. _hm~io `mMo `moJXmZ hmoVo.
kmZH$mof qH$dm JPo[Q>Aa JW gmV`mZo
Am`mdV H$a`mMs JaO AgVo, ^maVm`m A`
am`mMm [dMma H$aVm _hmamQ>mMo ho H$m_ [Z{MVM
CoIZs` Amho. am` JPo[Q>Aa _m[bHo$V B[Vhmg
mMsZH$mi (IS> 1) hm S>m. A.e. nmR>H$ `mZs
gnm[XV Ho$bobm JW AgyZ `m_`o W_M
_hmamQ>m`m gnyU mJ[Vhm[gH$ H$mimnmgyZ `mXd
H$mimn`VMm amOH$s` d gmH$[VH$ B[Vhmg
EH$[VnUo Xo`mV Ambm Amho. 797 nR>mMm hm
JW 2002_`o H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambm AgyZ,
`m_`o _hmamQ>m`m B[Vhmgmda H$me Q>mH$Um`m
gnyU gemoYZ d CIZZ `mMm AmT>mdm Ko`mV
Ambm Amho. _hmamQ>mMm mJ[Vhm[gH$ H$mi Va
W_M EH$[VnUo A`mgH$mZm CnbY Pmbm
AgyZ, `mV _hmamQ>m`m A_`wJ, Vm_nmfmU
`wJ, _hmnmfmU `wJ `mMo d[eQ> nQ> Ho$bo Jobo
Amho. `mVyZ AZoH$ ~m~s W_M A`mgH$mZm d
_amR>s gH$Vs`m d[eQ>>mZm AYmoao[IV
H$aUm`m AmhoV. `m JW [Z[_VsgmR>s S>m. _.Ho$.
T>disH$a, S>m. am.ls. _moadMsH$a d S>m. A..
Om_IoS>H$a `m Vk A`mgH$mZs _moRo> `moJXmZ
[Xbo Amho. `mM _m[bHo$V Wmn` Am[U H$bm hm
(IS> 1Mm Xwgam ^mJ) H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambm
AgyZ, `mMo boIZ S>m. A.. Om_IoS>H$a d S>m.
A.e. nmR>H$ `mZs Ho$bo. _hmamQ>m`m EHy$U b`Z
Wmn`mMm EH$[V AmT>mdm KoUmam hm JW AgyZ
~m, OZ d [hXy b`Z Wmn`m`m H$mbmZwH$_
[Z{MV H$aUmam Agm hm JW Amho. Va
_hmamQ>mVsb EHy$U _[Xa Wmn`mMm ma[^H$
H$mimnmgyZ `mXdH$mimn`VMm [dVV n[aM`
H$$Z Xo`mV Ambm Amho. W_M _hmamQ>mVsb
_[Xao d mgmX_S>Z `m _yi JWmAmYmao
Wmn`ebsMm n[aM` H$$Z Xo`mV Ambm
Ag`mZo ho JW _yimVyZ A`mgm`bm hdo.
"_hmamQ>mVsb dZnVsem Am[U dZgnXm'
hm S>m. dm.Zm. ZmBH$ `mZs [b[hbobm JW 609
nR>mMm AgyZ, _hmamQ>m`m dZgnXoMo d[eQ> d
d[d` `mV nQ> H$a`mV Ambo Amho. Va AmfYs
dZnVs `m _yi ls. e.nw. AmKmaH$a `m`m
"_o[S>[gZb bmQ>' `m BJOs JPo[Q>AaMs gwYm[aV
_amR>s Amdms AgyZ, `m JWmbm dH$ ls[Zdmg
OiyH$a `mMs [dVV VmdZm bm^bs Amho.
AMyH$ gX^_y` d Cn`w$Vm Agbo`m `m am`
JPo[Q>AaMr Xwgar Amdmshs gnbobs AgyZ, A`
JPo[Q>Aa_mUo ho XoIrb B-~yH$ d$nmV CnbY

106 OyZ-Owb 2011

Amho. `mM _m[bHo$V "_hmamQ> : bS> AS> BQ>g

nsnb' JWmMs gwYm[aV BJOs Amdms [d^mJmZo
2009_`o H$m[eV Ho$bs AgyZ, `m_`o _yi ^y_s
Am[U bmoH$ `m _amR>s AmdmsVsb
OZOmVs[df`s`m C{Udm Xya H$$Z _hmamQ>mVsb
^mJmo[bH$ d[eQ>o, _wI OmVsO_mVs gmH$[VH$
Cn^mJ, gm_m[OH$ gKQ>Zm `mM~amo~a
WbmVam`m AZwfJmZo Z`mZo H$mhs Zm|Xs
dVnUo Zm|X H$a`mV Am`m AmhoV. _hmamQ>
gH$VsMm n[aM` A_amR>s ^m[fH$mZm hmdm
`mQ>sZo EH$ gkm gyMs `m JWmV [Xbs Amho.

am` JPo[Q>Aa _m[bHo$Vsb [ZdS>H$ JWmMs hs

Ho$di Zm|X Amho.
dmV` g[ZH$ M[a H$moe
^maVs` dmV` AmXmobZm_`o gh^mJs
Pmbo`m dmV` g[ZH$mMm g[j d AmQ>monesa
n[aM` H$$Z XoUmam M[a H$moe `m [d^mJmZo
H$m[eV Ho$bm AgyZ, n{M_ _hmamQ>mgmR>s 3
IS>, [dX^mgmR>s 2 IS>, _amR>dmS>mgmR>s 1 Ago
EHy$U 6 JW H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambo AmhoV.
[d^mJmZo ho H$m_ 1971 Vo 1980 `m XeH$mV nyU
Ho$bo AgyZ, VH$mbsZ gnmXH$ S>m. ^.J. Hw$Qo> `mMs
A`mgnyU VmdZm `m JWmg bm^bs Amho.
`m JWmMs Amdms gnbs AgyZ, `mMo nwZ_wU
gw$ Amho. bdH$aM _amR>dmS>m dmV` g[ZH$
M[a H$moe Z`mZo CnbY H$$Z Xo`mV `oUma
Amho.
gmog _Qo>[aAb \$ma E [hQ>s Am\$ [X [\$S>_
_wh_|Q>

^maVs` dmV` AmXmobZ B[Vhmg[df`H$

AmYma gm[h` Ago `m _m[bHo$Mo d$n AgyZ
`m_`o ^maVs` dmV` AmXmobZm`m gX^mV `m
Zm|Xs VH$mbsZ [~[Q>e emgZmZo `m`m JmonZs`
AhdmbmV d XZ[XZs_`o H$$Z Ro>d`m AmhoV,
VgoM VH$mbsZ dmnmVyZ `mMo gH$bZ
nwam[^boI [d^mJmZo Ho$bo Amho `mVsb Zm|Xs `m
m_w`mZo nmobsg Am`w$ d am` nwam[^boI
[d^mJ `m_YyZ Jh [d^mJm`m [deof nadmZJsZo
ls. Z.a. \$mQ>H$ `mZs CnbY H$$Z KoV`m
hmo`m. `m AmYmao 1818nmgyZ 1941n`V EHy$U
12 IS> 19 ^mJmV `m [d^mJmZo H$m[eV Ho$bo
AmhoV. 1942`m ^maV N>moS>mo AmXmobZ [df`H$
JWmMo H$m_ bdH$aM CnbY hmoBb. ho gd H$m_
AmYw[ZH$ _hmamQ>m`m A`mgH$mZs nmhmdo Ago
Amho. ho gnyU IS> B-~yH$ d$nmV CnbY H$$Z
Xo`mV Ambo AmhoV.
_hm_m JmYs gH$[bV dmL>_`
ZdOsdZ Q>Q> Abmhm~mX `mZs H$m[eV
Ho$bo`m _hm_m JmYs gH$[bV dmL>_` `m JWmMo
_amR>s AZwdmX Ho$bobo 61 IS> `m [d^mJmZo 3
XeH$mnyduM H$m[eV Ho$bo AmhoV.
[Ohm Xe[ZH$m
_hmamQ> emgZm`m _amR>s[df`H$ YmoaUmMm
n[aUm_ hUyZ 1977ZVa am`mVsb `oH$
[OmgmR>s _amR>s ^mfoVyZ [Ohm d am`
JPo[Q>AaMs gwYm[aV Amdms H$m[eV H$amds Agm
[ZU` Ko`mV Ambm. n[aUm_s, 1988bm na^Us
[Ohm JPo[Q>Aa H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambo. `mZVa
`m _m[bHo$V H$mohmnya, dYm, am`JS>, OiJmd,
gmVmam, ZmJnya, bmVya `m [OmgmR>sMo _amR>s
[Ohm JPo[Q>Aa H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambo AgyZ,
ZmXoS> [Ohm JPo[Q>Aa bdH$aM H$m[eV hmoBb.
_amR>s [Ohm JPo[Q>Aao hs gnyU ZdsZ
AmH$Vs~YmZwgma Ho$bobs [Z[_Vs Amho. _s BWo
OmUsdnydH$ Z_yX H$aVmo H$s, [Ohm [H$dm am`
Xe[ZH$m [Z[_VsMo H$m_ hs gm_y{hH$ n[al_mMs
\$blwVs AgVo. _m`mgmaIm gnmXH$ AJ^mJs
Agbm Var gnmXH$ _S>i gX`, Vk gh`moJH$V}
boIH$ Am[U H$m`mb`sZ ghH$mar `m gdmMoM
`moJXmZ gmaIoM _hdmMo AgVo.
Ho$di nwamdm Amho hUyZ EImXs Zm|X H$aUo
emgH$s` H$meZm_`o j` R>aV Zmhs `mQ>sZo
OmJV gnmXH$ Agmdm bmJVmo.
gmVmam [Ohm JPo[Q>Aa_`o `m [OmMs
d[eQ>o nQ> H$aV AgVmZm [OmVsb H$_dsa
^mD$amd nmQ>bmMo H$m_, [d>b am_Os qeXo `mMo
`moJXmZ, ZmZm nmQ>bmMo [VgaH$ma. VgoM

[Ombm bm^bo`m d^dembs B[Vhmgm_wio

`oWsb H$hmS>Mo mMsZ B[VhmgmV Agbobo WmZ,
n[agamVsb ~m boUs, nmQo>da `oWsb A`V
Xw_ri Agbobs ApZ_yVu (~[b^), \$bQ>U,
_bQ>U, Mm\$i `m WmZm~amo~aM _``wJsZ
B[VhmgmV N>nVs emhy _hmamOm_wio `m [Ombm
m Pmbobo WmZ VgoM AmY `oWsb gJhmb` d
d[eQ>nyU [Mo, r{VgJ_ `m gdmMs `Wmo[MV
Zm|X H$a`mMm `Z Pmbm Amho.
ZmJnya [Ohm (gZ 2005) Xe[ZH$m XmoZ
IS>mV AgyZ 1700 nR>mMs Amho. `mnydu S>m.
Ama.hs. agob `mZs 1908_`o d goVy_mYdamd
nJS>s `mZs 1966_`o ZmJnya [Ohm Xe[ZH$m
H$m[eV Ho$bs. VgoM gwYm[aV [Ohm Xe[ZHo$g
nwadUs [Ohm Xe[ZH$m 1978_`o H$m[eV
Pmbs. `m nmd^y_sda hs Xe[ZH$m gnyUnUo
Z`mZo [b[hbs Jobs. nydu`m Xe[ZHo$V A[O~mV
Zm|X Zgbobm d Jo`m Mma XeH$mV nQ> Pmbobm
[OmMm nwamVds` d gmH$[VH$ B[Vhmg W_M
`oWo Zm|Xdbm Jobm. bmoIS> ew H$a`mMo VkmZ
`m [OmVsb _hmnmfmU`wJsZ gH$Vs`m
bmoH$mZs [dH$[gV Ho$bo hmoVo. ZHw$S> `oWo B.g.nyd
5`m eVH$mV Aew bmoIS> ew H$aUmar ^>s
CIZZmV [_imbs. ^maVs` B[Vhmgm`m
gX^m_`o d ^maVs` V[dkmZm`m gX^mVsb hm
EH$ A`V _hdmMm nwamdm Amho. `m[edm` `m
[OmVsb [hJUs, OwZmnmZs, _mhyaPar, IadmS>m
`m n[agamV Pmbo`m EHy$U _hmnmfmU`wJsZ _mZds

Pmbs. `m AZwfJmZo ^yH$nm`m H$maUmMo ems`

[dcofU d ^yH$nJVmMo _moR>m _mUmV Pmbobo
nwZdgZ d EHy$UM emgZ d _mZdm`m [Z[_Vsj_
H$m_mMs [dVV Zm|X `m Xe[ZHo$V Pmbs AgyZ,
`m[Z[_m _hmamQ>m`m Zg[JH$ AmnmtMm AmT>mdm
Ko`mV Ambm Amho Omo A`mgH$mZm Cn`w$ R>aob.
amQ>Hy$Q> amOdeMo _yi WmZ Agbobm
gmXms`m a> Kam`mVsb H$haXod Omo dV:bm
bmbyanya[d[Z_V hUdVmo `mMs d bmbmoanmgyZ
Vo bmVya`m dmgmMs Zm|X Ko`mV Ambs Amho.
_hmamQ>m`m Ob`dWmnZm`m B[VhmgmV
OmUrdnydH$ Zm|X `mds Agm Obme` ^s_gmJa
(JUoedmS>s `oWo [X. 30 Zmoh|~a 1099_`o
[Z_mU Ho$bm.) Mmbw` amOm [dH$_m[X` ghmdm
`m`m goZmnVsZo Vmo ~mYbm. `m d Aem
Vn[ebmgh [OmMs [d[dY d[eQ>o nQ>
H$aUmar hs Xe[ZH$m Amho.
`oWo A`V m[V[Z[YH$ d$nmV [d^mJm`m
JWmMm n[aM` H$$Z Xo`mV Ambm Amho.
XoenmVisda [Ohm JPo[Q>AaMo H$m_ W_M gw$
H$aUmao ho am` d [d[dY `moJmVyZ XO}Xma
Xe[ZHo$Ms [Z[_Vs d B-JhZg_`o ^maVmV
AJoga R>abobm hm [d^mJ d `mMs H$meZo _wm_
gJhsV H$amdsV AesM AmhoV.
gnH$ : 9870275994
Xe[ZH$m [d^mJ,27, ~OmoOs ^N>m _mJ,
H$mim KmoS>m, \$moQ>, _w~B- 400 023

_amR>s [ddH$moe

hmamQ> am`mMs [Z[_Vs 1 _o, 1960

amoOs Pmbs Am[U d. `edVamd
MhmU `mZs m am`mMo n[hbo
_w`_s hUyZ gyo hmVs KoVbs.
_amR>s ^mfm d gm[h` m`m A[^dsgmR>s
`mZs "_hmamQ> am` gm[h` gH$Vs _S>im'Ms
WmnZm 19 Zmoh|~a 1960 amoOs Ho$bs. Amn`m
C[Q>m`m nyVVogmR>s m _S>imZo Omo H$m`H$_
hmVs KoVbm hmoVm, `mV _amR>sV
"EZgm`bmonsS>s`m [~Q>m[ZH$m'gmaIm EH$
gdgJmhH$ [ddH$moe [Z_mU H$a`mMo _hdnyU
H$m_ AV^yV hmoVo. _S>imMo A`j Am[U _amR>s
[ddH$moemMo _wI gnmXH$ Aes Xwhoar O~m~Xmar
_hmamQ>mVsb Wmoa [dmZ [XdJV VH$VsW
b_Uems Omoes mZm Xo`mMm [ZU` KoVbm
Jobm. _S>im`m 19 gX`m_`o m. JmodYZ

dgmhVt`m gemoYZmMm gnyU AmT>mdm EH$[VnUoo

W_M `m Xe[ZHo$V Ko`mV Ambm.
[edm` ZmJnya`m gmH$[VH$ d gm[h{`H$
OJVmMs ZmQ>, H$bm, gm[h`, [MH$bm Aem
[d[dY AJmZo g_ Pmbobs nanam `oWsb
dmV`gJm_mV [OmMo Agbobo `moJXmZ `m
dois W_M Zm|Xdbo Jobo.
bmVya Xe[ZH$mgwm XmoZ ^mJmV H$m[eV
H$a`mV Ambs Amho. `m [Ohm [Z[_VsZVa W_M
`m [Om[df`s [dVV _m[hVs XoUmar [Ohm
Xe[ZH$m gZ 2008_`o H$m[eV Pmbs. `oH$
[Ohm Xe[ZHo$VyZ [Ohm [Z[_VsMs dmQ>Mmb
AYmoao[IV Ho$bobs AgVo. `m [OmV _mOam
ZXs`m H$mR>mda A_`wJsZ H$mimVsb _mZds
A{VdmMo nwamdo d gw_mao 50,000 dfmnyduMo
hms, J|S>m, amZhg `mMo Osdm_ gmnS>bo.
dm^m[dH$nUo `m Osdm`m A{VdmgmR>s
Agbobo `mo` n`mdaU d g`m Pmbobo n[adVZ
`mMs Zm|X JWmV Ho$bs Amho. [H$mar ^yH$nm_wio
EHy$UM _hmamQ>mVsb OS>UKS>UsMm Z`mZo [dMma
gw$ Pmbm. A[H$`Z IS>H$m_`o Agbo`m mMsZ
^emda Z`mZo hmbMmbs Pm`m_wio hm ^yH$n
Pmbm Ago _V `$ Ho$bo Jobo. dmVdmV, A[H$`Z
IS>H$mV gmR>dbobs D$Om Ho$hmM _w$ Pmbs Amho.
`m _V ^yVa ^emMo nwZOsdZ hmoD$Z Z`mZo
hmbMmbs hmoV AmhoV. Z`mZo ^yVa hmbMmbs_wio
CH$_ ^y^e (Rerersedauit) Pmbo. `mVyZ
_hmamQ> ^yXoemMo Z`mZo Vnmg`mMs JaO nQ>

nmarI, nw.b. XoenmSo>, S>m. [d.[^. H$mobVo, S>m.

Zm.Jmo. H$mbobH$a, S>m. gamo[OZs ~m~a, m.
A.[^. emh, m. _o.nw. aoJo, S>m. _.Zm. dmZISo>,
J.[X. _mS>JyiH$a Aes Amnmn`m jomVbs
A`V _mV~a _S>is hmoVs.
_mZ`[dm VgoM [dkmZ d V[dm `mVsb

A. a. Hw$bH$Uu
gd [df`mMo A`mdV kmZ EH$m `mnH$
`moOZoImbs gH$[bV H$aUmam hm "_amR>s
[ddH$moe' Amho. _hm[dmb`sZ [ejU KoV
Agbobm [H$dm `m nmVisMm dmMH$dJ
[ddH$moeH$`mZs g_moa Ro>dbobm Amho. "_amR>s
[ddH$moem'Mm H$n gw_mao 20 df} "gm[h`
gH$Vs$ _S>im'H$So> hmoVm. VWm[n, 1980

gmbmnmgyZ m H$nmgmR>s "_hmamQ> am` _amR>s

[ddH$moe [Z[_Vs _S>i' ho EH$ dV _S>i
WmnZ H$a`mV Ambo. "_amR>s [ddH$moem'Ms _yi
`moOZm 20 IS>mMs hmoVs d nwTo> VsZ IS> dmT>bo.
Ammm`m `moOZoV EHy$U 23 IS> AgyZ, n[hbo
20 IS> earaIS>, hUOo AH$ma[dho [Xbo`m
[ddH$moemVsb Zm|XsMo (boImMo), EH$ IS>
gyMsMm (index), EH$ IS> ZH$memMm, AmUIs
EH$ IS> [ddH$moemV dmnabobs n[a^m[fH$ d
Vm[H$ gkm. (_amR>s - BJOs Am[U BJOs _amR>s) n[a^m[fH$ gkmMm EH$ bKwIS>
[ddH$moemZo 1973 gmbsM [g Ho$bm. Vmo
A[YH$ [dVV d$nmV H$m[eV H$a`mV `oUma
Amho. AmVmn`V [ddH$moem`m earamS>mMo 18
IS> nyU Pmbo AgyZ, 19`m d 20`m IS>m`m
gnmXZmMo H$m_ gw$ Amho.

OyZ-Owb 2011

107

[ddH$moe [Z[_VsMs _amR>sVbs nanam

Adb BJOs`m H$mimnmgyZMs Amho. _amR>sVsb
EH$ [dmZ JWH$ma H$Uems [MniyUH$a mZs
V`ma Ho$bobm, AZoH$[dm_yiVdgJh (1861)
hm JW m gX^mV CoIZs` Amho. `mV `em,
agm`Zem, earaH$, `mo[Vf Aem AZoH$
[df`mVsb _w` _w` JmoQ>tMo gmo`m ^mfoV
[ddoMZ Ho$bo Amho. ems` [df` `mZs _amR>sV
_mSy>Z XmIdbo. 1906 d 1908 gmbs nwUo `oWo
^abo`m gm[h`g_obZmV EZgm`bmo[nS>s`m m
BJOs eXmbm g_mZmWH$ hUyZ "[ddH$moe' hs
gkm dmnabs Jobs. [ddH$moes` nVsMs H$mhs
_m[gHo$hs H$mT>bs Jobs. CXm. [dmH$nV$
(gnmXH$ - amdOs Ho$ed gm~mao), [dm_mbm
(gnmXH$ - OZmXZ har AmR>`o), N>moQo> N>moQo>
[ddH$moe aMbo Jobo.
CXm. gJaZmdbs [H$dm ~w{d^d (1896,
gnmXH$ - Xmm` Jmo[dX gSo>H$a) VWm[n,
[ddH$moe[Z[_VsMm n[hbm R>iH$ `Z S>m. lsYa
`H$Qo>e Ho$VH$a mMm. `mZs _hmamQ>s` kmZH$moe
23 IS>mV [g Ho$bm. ([ddH$moembm `mZs
kmZH$moe hm eX dmnabm hmoVm.) m
kmZH$moem`m AmYmao _amR>s _mUgmZs Amnbo
^m[fH$, gmH$[VH$, Am[WH$ CWmnZ gmYyZ `mdo
Am[U ~hwlV hmoD$Z OJmV`m JV bmoH$m`m
~amo~arZo ~g`mMs nmVm m H$$Z `mds, Aes
S>m. Ho$VH$amMs Anojm hmoVs. Amn`m kmZH$moemMo
A` ^maVs` ^mfmV AZwdmX hmdo `mgmR>shs
`mZs `Z Ho$bo. nU, `mZm hUmdo Vgo `e
Ambo Zmhs. Amn`m kmZH$moemMs nanamhs Vo
[Z_mU H$$ eH$bo ZmhsV.
Ho$VH$amgma`m Wmoa [dmZmZo [Z_mU Ho$bo`m
_hmamQ>s` kmZH$moemZVahs gw_mao 35 df}
[ddH$moemgaIo `mnH$ H$moeH$m` C^o am[hbo
Zmhs. `m_wio [ddH$moemMs gH$nZm _amR>s
OZ_mZgmV Am[U ~`mMem ~w{_VmVhs hUmds
Ves Obs Zmhs. _amR>s [ddH$moembm _amR>s
eXH$moe g_OUmao AmOhs AZoH$ bmoH$
AmT>iVmV. dVwV: AZoH$ [ddH$moemVsb Zm|XsMm
H$_ eXH$moemVsb eXm_mUoM AH$ma[dho
Ro>dbobm Agbm Var [ddH$moe hUOo eXH$moe
Zho. eXH$moemV eXmMo AW [Xbobo AgVmV
Am[U eXm[df`s Pmbo`m dVyMs dm H$nZoMs
H$mhs WmoS>s _m[hVshs [Xbobs AgVo. CXm. Am~m,
m eXmMm EH$ _Ywa \$i Agm AW eXH$moemV
[Xbm OmBb; Am[U Am~m hs \$im`m dJmV
_moS>Umar EH$ dVy AgyZ [VMs Md _Ywa AgVo,
Aes dm mgmaIs H$_s A[YH$ _m[hVs [_iy

108 OyZ-Owb 2011

eHo$b. naVw, Am~m m [ddH$moes` Zm|XsV darb

H$ma`m _m[hVs IoarO Am`mMo dZnVsHw$b,
`m`m [d[dY OmVs, `mbm bmJUmar O_sZ d
hdm_mZ, IVo, nm`mMo _mU `mgmaIs BVa ~arM
_m[hVs Xo`mV `oBb. eXmMm AW gmJUo hm
eXH$moemMm hoVy, Va eXmZo [Z[XQ> hmommam
kmZ[df` gdmJsU d$nmV g_OmdyZ XoUo, hmhr
[ddH$moemMm hoVy hmo`.
OoWo [dmgH$Vs ~habobs AgVo, VoWo
[ddH$moemgmaIo [d[dY kmZgJmhH$ JW [Z_mU
H$a`mMs [ZH$S> [Z_mU hmoVo. H$maU, H$moUVmhs

_hdmMm [df` gwQ>m Am[U nyUV: dV ZgVmo.

Vmo A` AZoH$ [df`mes gb AgVmo. `m_wio
Aem AZoH$ [df`mMs _m[hVs EH$[V d$nmV
[_imbs, Va Vmo [df` ZsQ> g_OyZ KoUo e` hmoVo.
[dmMm [dVma A\$mQ> Pm`m_wio H$moU`mhs EH$m
`$sbm Amnbm [df` Am[U `m`mes gb
Agbobo [df` mMm A`mg H$a`mg Am`w`
Anwao R>aVo. Aem n[a{WVsV [ddH$moe _mJXeH$
R>aVmo. gwgH$V g_mOmV [ejU gWm _yb^yV
_hdm`m AgVmV Am[U JWmb`m_mUoM
[ddH$moehs [ejU gWmZm An[ahm` R>aVmo.
_amR>s [ddH$moem`m [Z[_Vs_mJo Os nmd^y_s
Amho, Vs Aes : g_mOm`m gd WamVsb bmoH$mZm
[ejU [_imbo nm[hOo, Agm H$m`Xm Amho.
g_mOm`m dkm[ZH$ - Vm[H$ JaOm dmT>V AmhoV.
C [ejUmMo _m`_ hUyZ _amR>sMm dsH$ma
H$a`mV Ambm Amho. `m_wio [ejUmg Cn`w$
Aem nmR>nwVH$mMs d gX^JWmMs JaO VsdVoZo

OmUdV Amho. gw[e[jV _mUgm`m

kmZ[df`H$ JaOm _amR>sVyZ ^mJ`m nm[hOoV, hs
~m~ A`V _hdmMs Amho. A\$mQ> doJmZo
dmT>Um`m gd [df`m`m kmZjom_wio `m JaOmhs
dmT>V Mmbbo`m AmhoV.
_amR>s [ddH$moe hm gd[df`gJmhH$ H$moe
Amho, hUOo `m kmZ[dkmZm`m gd emImes
g~[YV Agbo`m [d[dY Zm|Xs AH$ma[dho Xo`mV
Ambo`m AmhoV. VWm[n, H$_, VdkmZ,
gm_m[OH$ emo, _mZgem Aem doJdoJ`m
[df`mZm dm[hbobo [ddH$moehs [ZKmbobo AmhoV.
bhmZ _wbmgmR>s Img ~mbH$moehs H$mT>`mV
Ambobo AmhoV._amR>s ^mfoVsb [ddH$moeaMZoV
n[a^mfoMm Z AQ>i R>aVmo. da hQ>`m_mUo
_amR>s [ddH$moe [Z[_Vs _S>imZo _amR>s
[ddH$moemV dmnabo`m n[a^mfoMm _amR>s - BJOs
Am[U BJOs - _amR>s Agm EH$ bhmZgm XwV\$m
H$moe H$mT>bobm Amho. mMs n[ad[YV Amdms
AWmVM [ZKUma Amho. n[a^mfm KS>[d`mV
^mfoMm [dH$mg hmoVmo. [VMs Am[dH$ma j_Vm
dmT>Vo. _amR>s [ddH$moemMs n[a^mfm KS>[dVmZm
gnmXH$ _S>imbm Ambobm AZw^d Ho$di
[MmWamaH$ hmoVm. Vmo Zd[Z_mUmMm AmZX hmoVm.
kmZm`m gd jomVsb [dH$mgmMo A`mdV
d$n `mVyZ [V[~[~V hmoBb, Aem H$ma`m
gH$bZna JWmVyZ Vo kmZoNw>H$mZm e` [VV`m
gw[dYoZo m H$$Z XoUo hs [ddH$moe [Z[_Vs
_mJsb oaUm hmo`.
[ddH$moemMs Cn`w$Vm mMsZ H$mimnmgyZ
Wm[nV Pmbobs Ag`m_wio (n{M_s Am[U
nmdm` [ddH$moeaMZoMs nanam gw_mao 2000
dfmMs Amho) OJmVsb [d[dY ^m[fH$ g_mOm_`o
[ddH$moeaMZm Pmbobs Amho, Am[U hmoV Amho.
^maVmgma`m ~hw^m[fH$ XoemVhs [d[dY ^mfmVyZ
[ddH$moeaMZm Mmby Amho. [ddH$moe[Z[_Vs ho
dV:bm AmYw[ZH$ hUdUm`m `oH$ ^m[fH$
g_mOmMo EH$ An[ahm` AJ Pmbo Amho VgoM
`oH$ g_mOm`m gmH$[VH$ A{_Voeshs Vo
[ZJ{S>V Pmbo Amho.
gnH$ : 02167-222545
{ddH$moe {Z{Vr S>i, dmB, {O. gmVmam

Reading makes a full man,

Conference a ready man,
And writing an exact man.

Am_Ms dmMZ Midi

`m _S>imZo hmVs KoVbobm n[hbm

CnH$_ hUOo [ddH$moem`m
_hmOmbH$mMs
[Z[_Vs.
www.vishwakosh.org.in
`m n`mda
[ddH$moemMs do~gmBQ> CnbY Amho.
[ddH$moem`m dmQ>MmbsVsb hm n[hbm VdU
Q>nm! _s [ddH$moemMs n[hbs _[hbm A`j
hmoVo. `m_wio 8 _mM m OmJ[VH$ _[hbm [XZs
do~gmBQ>Mo CXKmQ>Z hmdo hs _mPs BN>m hmoVs.
VH$mbsZ _w`_s [dbmgamd Xoe_wI `mZs Vs
_m` Ho$bs. _mM 2006 gmbr `m [Xdes dfm
~J`mda [ddH$moemMo _hmOmbH$ AdVabo.
gJUH$Vk Am[U [ddH$moemMo gX` _mYd
[eadiH$a `mMo ghH$m` `m H$m_s _mobmMo hmoVo.
_hmOmbH$mda [ddH$moemg~Ys _m[hVs,
A`jmMo n[aM`, H$mhs Zm|Xs, KQ>ZmH$_ `mMs
aobMob hmoVs. H$mhs {hSr>Amohs AmH$fUmgmR>s
KmVbo hmoVo. `m dodgmBQ>Mo VUmBZo dmJV
Ho$bo.
JWdmMZ nY}`m [Z[_mmZo Amhs emim
emimZm, _hm[dmb`mZm ^oQ>s XoUo gw$ Ho$bo.
am`^amV`m Ag` dmMH$mZs `m nY}g Cm_
[VgmX [Xbm.
Os gWm 3500 n`mMo H$moe [dH$V Ko`mMs
V`mar XedVo AWdm `mgmR>s m`moOH$ AmUyZ
XoVo `m gWog [H$dm `$sg `m nY}V ^mJ
KoVm `oVmo. hOma nmZmMm, H$moe Ho$di 175 .
gdbV _y`mV `m [Z[_mmZo 20 _mUgm`m
hmVs OmVmo.
[dmWu hm KQ>H$ Am_`mgmR>s \$ma
_hdmMm. H$maU, EdTo> OmSo>, kmZmMo ^mS>ma Vo
H$Wm H$mX~argmaIo ghO hmVmiV ZmhsV. _J,
AmnU nY}`m [Z[_mmZo Vo `m`m hmVs XoVmo.
_s [ddH$moe hUOo H$m`, Zm|X hUOo H$m`, Vs
H$es Ho$bs OmVo, ho gd `mZm g_OmdyZ gmJVo.
nYH$mZm Vmo JW AYm Vmg Mmim`bm [Xbm
OmVmo. hm JW MmiyZ `mVsb Amn`m AmdS>sMs
EImXs Zm|X [ZdS>`mg gm[JVbs OmVo. _J, Vs
Zm|X dmMyZ [VMo EH$m H$mJXmda 25 AmoisV
agJhUm_H$ gmame boIZ H$amd`mg [Xbo OmVo.
gw_mao AYm-nmD$U Vmg nYH$ `mV JTy>Z
OmVmV. Amhmbm C\y$V [V[H$`m [_iVo. _J,
`m Ame`gn [V[H$`mMo A[^dmMZ
gdmg_moa hmoVo. [ddH$moe hs H$m` MsO Amho ho
Va `mZm H$iVoM [edm` [dH$shs hmoVo.

emim [Z _hm[dmb`o `m _mUo ^[JZs_S>io,

dmMZmb` _S>io, `oR> ZmJ[aH$ gK `oWohs
Amhs OmVmo. H$maU, _mVm, AmOs, AmOmo~m hm
JW Kar ZoVsb Vohm KamVsb Mma _mUgmZm Var
gmJVsb. JWdmMZ nY}Vsb `oH$ nYH$mbm
hm JW ~jsg [_iVmo. [edm` emgZmbm `mMs
nyU a$_ [_iVo. [ddH$moedmMZ H$amd`mg
Amhs 2007_`o _hmamQ>m`m 20 [OmV
[\$abmo. gmobmnya, H$mohmnya, gmJbs, gmVmam,
nwUo, _w~B, am`JS>, JS>[Mamobs, dYm, Mnya,

S>m. {dO`m dmS>

ZmJnya, VwiOmnya, A~oOmoJmB, dmB, H$`mU,

Zds _w~B AJXs Ho$di 5000 dVs Agbobo
Jmdgwm Amhs gmoS>bo Zmhs. AmaJm~mX `oWo Va
Amhs 17dm IS> nY}gmR>s hagyb Oob_`ogwm
Zobm. Sm. gwYm H$miXmVo, XmXm Jmoao, Xmm ^JV,
Sm. O`Hw$_ma _Ja ~amo~a hmoVo. VoWo Sm. ho_M
YmZ, gXmZX _moao, m. [dbmg Imobo, Mmesbm
AmoH$, dfm [eaJmdH$a, _mYd [eadiH$a Sm.
ea`y Vm`dSo>, Sm. emo^m qeXo ho gd gX`
nYm`m [Z`moOZmV Hw$Ro> Zm Hw$Ro> _O~amo~a
Am_s`VoZo hmoVo.
18`m IS>m`m nY}Vhs Amhs 20
[R>H$mUs [\$aV _hmamQ> [nOyZ H$mT>bm. `mV
AmaJm~mXoV Va nmobsg Am`w$ lsH$mV
gmdaH$amnmgyZ hoS> H$mQo>~bn`V AZoH$ bmoH$
Va _o[S>H$b H$mboOMo S>sZ Vo E_.S>s.Mo [dmWu
nY}V CVabo hmoVo. B`m H$mboOmV Va ~sE`m
[dm`mZshs nYm MmJbsM JmOdbs. 20
[OmVbo 20 AqO`dsa [ddH$moe [XZs IS>

17 d 18 `m JWdmMZ nY}gmR>s 1 [S>g|~a

2007 Am[U 1 [S>g|~a 2010 amoOs ads
ZmQ>_[XamV O_bo hmoVo. n[h`m nY}bm _Yy
_Joe H$[UH$ [Z Zohb Xoe_wImZs [dOo`mMo
H$mVwH$ Ho$bo. Xwg`m nY}Vsb [dOo`mZm S>m.
Vm`mamd bhmZo [Z gwb^m XoenmSo> `mZs
gwdUnXHo$ [Xbs.
Amhs hs dmMZ Midi AJXs
Am[Xdmgs ^mJmn`V nwTo> Zobs. ea`w Vm`dmSo> Va
`m MidirgmR>r JS>[Mamobsn`V Jo`m. _bm
dmQ>Vo [ddH$moe, H$moemVyZ [ddmV `mdm `m
Am_`m YS>nS>sbm OZgm_m`mZs _moR>m [VgmX
[Xbm.
AY `$tgmR>s Amhs gmSo>nmM Vmg
H$mbmdYsMs Ho$di 100 . [H$_VsMs gsS>s
V`ma Ho$bs Amho. [VMo CXKmQ>Z VH$mbsZ
_w`_s AemoH$ MhmU `mZs Ho$bo hmoVo.
Hw$R>`mhs `$sbm `m gsS>sMm bm^ KoVm `oBb
Aes Vs ~Zdbs Amho. IS> 17_Ysb [ZdS>H$
Zm|Xs (`m AY~mYdmZs [ZdS>`m) `mV AmhoV.
Xsn [^So>, [Z[eJYm dmS>, `moVs Am~oH$a, _s
dV:, Jmoar Xoe_wI Am[U [dH$_ JmoIbo `mZs `m
gsS>sbm AmdmO [Xbm`. `m H$nmg "Z~'Zo
gnyU ghH$m` Ho$bo Amho.
[ddH$moem`m
VdUVoMm
_hmAm[dH$ma hUOo hs _hmgsS>s. 20182 nRo>
H$Z H$$Z Vs AmnU OZVog Ho$di 700 n`mV
CnbY H$$Z [Xbs. gJUH$Vk _mYd
[eadiH$a `mMm `mV _moR>m dmQ>m Amho. _wI
gnmXH$mbm H$nZm \w$abs Var `mMo MsO
hmo`mgmR>s VdU _mUgmMo ghH$m` bmJVoM
Zm!
OsdgQ>s Am[U n`mdaU ^mJ 1 hm
"Hw$_maH$moem'Mm n[hbm IS> AmVm ~mOmamV
Ho$di 350 n`mV CnbY Amho. AmQ> nona,
aJsV [Mo. `w[ZH$moS>Mm dmna, Am[U
S>m. ZmaisH$amMm A[^m` Agm hm Hw$_maH$moe
hmo_s ^m^m [dkmZ [ejUgWoMo gMmbH$ S>m.
ho_M YmZ `m`m g_d`mZo V`ma Pmbm Amho.
`mM H$moemMs BQ>aZoQ> Amdms [ddH$moem`m
gHo$VWimda OZVog _mo\$V CnbY Amho.
~ob H$moehs Z~`m ghH$m`mZo V`ma H$a`mV
Ambm Amho.
gnH$ : 9820316697

OyZ-Owb 2011

109

em

^m{fH$ Am_^mZmMr _wimjao...

gZmMo _amR>s ^mfm[df`H$ YmoaU

am~[dUo, _amR>sMm [dH$mg H$aUo Am[U
_amR>s ^mfobm bmoH$emhs amOdQ>ses
gwgJV Ago d$n XoUo `m CoemZo [XZmH$ 6 Owb,
1960 amoOs ^mfm gMmbZmb`mMs WmnZm Pmbs.
`m_mJo AWmVM VH$mbsZ _w`_s `edVamd
MhmU `mMs oaUm hmoVs.
^mfm gMmbZmb`mZo AmOVmJm`V EHy$U 48
H$meZo [g Ho$bobs AmhoV. `m_`o, 29
n[a^mfm H$moe, 3 H$moe, 6 eXmd`m d emgZ
`dhmamV _amR>s dmnam[df`sMs 10 H$meZo, `mV
_amR>s bKwboIZ [df`H$ H$meZo, _amR>s Q>H$boIZ
[df`H$ nw{VH$m, ewboIZ [Z`_nw{VH$m, gH$sU
boI gJh Am[U ^maVmMo g[dYmZ `mMm g_mdoe
Amho. ^mfm gMmbZmb`m`m `m H$meZmZm
OZVoH$Sy>Z MS> _mJUs Ag`m_wio, hs H$meZo
OZVobm bdH$a CnbY H$$Z XoVm `mdsV hUyZ,
AmVm Vs H$Z H$$Z nwZ_wU H$a`mV `oV AmhoV.
`mM _mUo Vs ^mfm gMmbZmb`m`m
gHo$VWimdahs CnbY H$$Z Xo`mV `oV AmhoV.
1. nXZm_ H$moe
nXZm_ H$moe ho ^mfm gMmbZmb`mMo n[hbo
H$meZ AgyZ `m`m n[h`m AmdmsVsb ^mJ1_`o _mb`sZ [d^mJ d `m AVJV
H$m`mb`mVsb VgoM [dYmZ _S>i, _hm_S>io,
Am`moJ d H|$s` _hm_S>io `m_`o [d_mZ
Agbo`m nXmMs [d^mJ[Zhm` _amR>s Zmdo Xo`mV
Ambs AmhoV. ^mJ-2_`o BJOs dUmZwH$_mZwgma
BJOs nXZm_o d `mnwTo> _amR>s nXZm_mMm ^mJ1_Ysb nR> H$_mH$ Xo`mV Ambm hmoVm. naVw, `m
nXZm_ H$moemVsb _amR>s n`m` {bQ> d Xw~m}Y
dmQ>`mZo d nXZm_mMs nwZamdms Q>mi`mgmR>s Xwgar
gwYm[aV Amdms (1990) H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambs.
2. emgZ `dhma
emgZ `dhma H$moemV gw_mao 30,000 BJOs
nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMo _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV
Ambo AmhoV. nm[a^m[fH$ eXm~amo~aM emgZmV d
A` jomV Cn`moJs Agbo`m AZoH$ gm_m` d
n[a[MV BJOs gkmZm $T> d M[bV eXm`m
gmhm`mZo Zo_Ho$ d AWdmhs _amR>s n`m` [Xbo
AmhoV. `m H$moemMo AZ`gmYmaU d[eQ> hUOo,
gOmVs` d g_mZmWu eXmMs Hw$io VgoM
emgZmVsb d H$m`m`m ^mfo`m Zo_`m
dmnam`m Q>sZo AWN>Q>mVsb gy_ ^oX Xo`mV
Ambo AmhoV.

110 OyZ-Owb 2011

3. `m` `dhma H$moe

`m` `dhma H$moemV gw_mao 12,000 BJOs
gkmZm _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV Ambo AmhoV.
`m H$moemVsb _amR>s n`m`mMs [Z{MVs H$aVmZm
n[a^mfm [Z[_Vs`m VdmZm _waS> Z KmbVm n`m`
A[YH$m[YH$ gmonm, gwb^ hmdm d Vmo ~moOS>,
{bQ> hmoD$ Z`o, Agm `Z H$a`mV Ambm Agbm
Var H$mhs [R>H$mUs H$_s {bQ> d `mgh ZdsZ gmono
n`m`XoIsb Xo`mV Ambobo AmhoV. [d_mZ [dYr
AZwdmX d n[a^mfm gmJma g[_VsZo AZoH$ BJOs
gkmMm gImob [dMma H$$Z ZdsZ n`m` [Z{MV
Ho$bo AmhoV.

JmV_ qeXo
4. JWmb`em n[a^mfm H$moe
JWmb`em n[a^mfm H$moemMm _gwXm _hmamQ>
[dmnsR> JW [Z[_Vs _S>imZo V`ma Ho$bm hmoVm.
`mg ^mfm gmJma _S>immao emgZ _m`Vm [Xbs
Jobs d 1974_`o `m H$moemMs n[hbs Amdms
H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambs. naVw, JWmb`emmMm
AmdmH$m [XdgmZw[Xdg dmT>V Amho. CXm. dJuH$aU,
Vm[bH$sH$aU, gX^godm, JW [ZdS> `m Zoh_s`m
nmoQ> [df`mIoarO boIZ, _m[hVs [dkmZ nVs,
A[Y[Z`_, `dWmnZ, ewH$N>m`m _wU gKQ>Z,
B`mXs [df`mMs `mV ^a nS>`m_wio gwYm[aV
Amdms_`o ZdsZ nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMs ^a nS>bs. Va
nydu`m AmdmsVsb H$mhs n`m`m_`o \o$a~Xb
H$$Z n[anyU Agm hm gwYm[aV JWmb`em
n[a^mfm H$moe 1994 _`o H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambm
.
5. J[UVem n[a^mfm H$moe
J[UVem n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 5,100 BJOs
nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMo _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV
Ambo AmhoV. J[UVem ho _yb^yV em AgyZ, Vo
gd emmZm AmYma^yV Ag`m_wio ems` OJVmV
`mbm AZ`gmYmaU _hd Amho. Z`m dkm[ZH$
gH$nZm, ZdZdsZ emoY `m`m _ybJm_s kmZmgmR>s
J[UVemmMo _yb^yV kmZ Amd`H$ AgVo.
`m_wioM `m H$moemMs Xwgar gwYm[aV Amdms
H$mT>VmZm Z`mZo J[UVemm`m `mgJs [dmZmMs
g[_Vs WmnZ H$a`mV Ambs hmoVs.
6. g_mOem n[a^mfm H$moe
g_mOem n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 4500 BJOs
nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMo _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV

Ambo AmhoV. g_mOems` JWboIZ H$aUm`mZm d

_mZd [dkmZmVsb [d[dY emImMo A``Z d
A`mnZ H$aUm`mZm VwV H$moe Cn`w$ R>aob.
7. VdkmZ d VH$em n[a^mfm H$moe
VdkmZ d VH$em n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 350
BJOs gkmZm _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV Ambo
AmhoV. VdkmZ d VH$em `m [df`m`m
A`mgH$mZm, boIH$mZm d m`mnH$mZm `m
H$moemmao nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMo n`m` CnbY H$$Z
Xo`mV Ambo AmhoV. hm H$moe Vgm \$maM bhmZ
AgyZ, `mV AmUIs n[a^m[fH$ gkmMs d n`m`mMs
^a KmbyZ gwYm[aV Amdms H$mT>Uo Amd`H$ Amho.
8. dm[U`em n[a^mfm H$moe
dm[U`em n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 8000
BJOs nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMo _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV
H$a`mV Ambo AmhoV. C [ejU _amR>sVyZ KoVm
`mdo, `mgmR>s dm[U` [df`mdarb hm H$moe [Z_mU
H$a`mV Ambm Amho. `m [df`mMo _amR>sVyZ A``Z
d A`mnZ H$aUm`mZm VwV H$moe Cn`w$ Amho.
9 . agm`Zem n[a^mfm H$moe
agm`Zem n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 13,500
BJOs nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMo _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV
H$a`mV Ambo AmhoV. agm`Zem ho _yb^yV
[dkmZm_`o _moS>Vo. gQ>sVsb nXmW `m AUwaoUyZs
~Zbobo AmhoV `m`m aMZoMm, amgm`[ZH$
JwUY_mMm A`mg agm`ZemmV g_m[dQ>
Ag`mZo `mMs `ms IynM _moR>s Amho. [ZgJmV
_wimV V`ma Zgbobo H$[_ a~a, b{Q>H$, H$[_
YmJo, aJ, H$mM, AmfYo B. Cn`w$ nXmW ~Z[d`mV
agm`Z emkmZm `e m Pmbo Amho. amgm`[ZH$
[H$`omao dsO [Z[_Vs VgoM H$me, CUVm Am[U
amgm`[ZH$ D$Om `m`m EH$_oH$mVsb $nmVamMm
A`mg, `m ~m~s agm`ZemmV `oVmV. `m Q>sZo
agm`Zemm`m [d[dY emIm, nmoQ>emIm d
Cn`mo[OV emIm `m_Ysb _hdm`m gkm `m
n[a^mfm H$moemV g_m[dQ> Ho$`m AgyZ, gkm
[ZdS>VmZm "Hackh's Chemical Dictionary' Mm
_w`do AmYma KoVbm Amho. `m H$moem`m n[h`m
Amdms_`o Ho$di BQ>a[_[OEQ> Vamn`V`m gkmM
AV^yV Ho$`m hmo`m; naVw, gwYm[aV Amdms_`o
nXds d nX`wma Vamn`V`m n[a^mfoMm AV^md
H$a`mV Ambm Amho.
10. ^yem n[a^mfm H$moe
^yem n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 12,000 BJOs
nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMo _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV

Ambo AmhoV. ems` n[a^mfm hs gVV [dH$[gV

hmoV AgVo. `m Q>sZo ^yem n[a^mfm Cng[_VsZo
BJOs gkmZm _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$aVmZm
gdmJsU ~mOyZs [dMma Ho$bobm Amho. `m_wio
"AmVaamQ>s` gkm' `m `m`m BJOs d$nmVM
Ro>d`mV `oD$Z `mMo \$$ [b`VaU H$a`mV
Ambo Amho. `mMs gHo$V [MhoXoIsb Xo`mV
Ambs AmhoV.
11. emara n[a^mfm H$moe
emara n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 14,000 BJOs
nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMo _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV
Ambo AmhoV. dH$emm_`o M[bV Agbobs
OwZs n[a^mfm, nmMm` Xoem_Ysb ZdZdsZ
gH$nZm, gkm VgoM Am`wd}X d `wZmZs `m
[df`m`m mMsZ JWm_`o CnbY Agbobo eX
`mMs gmJS> KmbyZ "emara' n[a^mfm H$moemMs
[Z[_Vs H$a`mV Ambs Amho
12. [ejUem n[a^mfm H$moe
[ejUem n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 4000
BJOs nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMo _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV
H$a`mV Ambo AmhoV. [ejU ho _mV^mfoVyZ [Xbo
Jobo nm[hOo d `mgmR>s _hmamQ>mV [ejUmMo
_m`_ _amR>s Agmdo, ho AmVm gdgm_m` Pmbo
Amho. [ejUem n[a^mfm H$moe mW[_H$,
_m`[_H$, C _m`[_H$ d [dmnsR> Vamdarb
[ejH$ d m`mnH$ VgoM A`mnH$ [dmb`o,
[ejUem _hm[dmb`o `m_Ysb m`mnH$ d
^mds [ejH$ `m`m Q>sZo A`V Cn`moJs d
_mJXeH$ Amho.
13. ` A[^`m[H$s n[a^mfm H$moe
` A[^`m[H$s n[a^mfm H$moemV, gw_mao
7,500 BJOs n[a^m[fH$ gkmMo _amR>s n`m`
[Z{MV Ho$bo AmhoV. `m [df`mVsb AZoH$ VkmZs
d _m`damZs V`ma Ho$bo`m `m H$moemV, `oH$
BJOs gkonwTo> [VMs eXOmVs, [VMm [df`XeH$
gjon, [VMo n`m` d [d[dY AWN>Q>m d
nQ>sH$aUo [Xbobs AmhoV.
14. Wmn` A[^`m[H$s n[a^mfm H$moe
`m n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 14,500 BJOs
nm[a^m[fH$ gkmZm _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV Ho$bobo
AmhoV. Wmn` A[^`m[H$s `m [df`mVsb
VkmZs d _m`damZs `m gkm [Z{MV Ho$bo`m
AmhoV.
15. ^m[VH$em n[a^mfm H$moe
`m [dmemImVsb ems` gH$nZm`m d
`mda AmYmabo`m Cn`mo[OV kmZm`m Zo_`m
A[^`$sgmR>s `m [dmemIoMs EH$ dV Aes
emew EH$$n _amR>s n[a^mfm [Z_mU hmds,

VgoM _hmamQ> am`m`m ^m[fH$ YmoaUmg

AZwg$Z am`mVsb gd [dmnsR>m_`o nX`wma
Vamn`V `m emmMo _mV^mfoVyZ [ejU XoVm
`mdo, `m [dmemIoVsb Vk `$tZm `m
emmVsb [dmnsR> Vamda [eH$d`m OmUm`m
gd [df`mMs _amR>sVyZ _mU nmR>nwVHo$ [b[hVm
`mdsV, VgoM am`m`m gd ^mJm_`o EH$$nVoZo
dmnaVm `oBb Aes `m [dmemIoMs EH$ ems`
n[a^mfm CnbY hmds, `m CoemZo
^m[VH$emmMs n[a^mfm V`ma H$a`mV Ambs
Amho.
16. [dwV A[^`m[H$s n[a^mfm H$moe
[dwV A[^`m[H$s n[a^mfm H$moemV, gw_mao
9100 BJOs nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMo _amR>s n`m`
[Z{MV Ho$bo AmhoV. `m H$moemVsb nm[a^m[fH$
BJOs gkmZm _amR>s n`m` [ZdS>VmZm, H|$
gaH$ma`m "[dkmZ eXmdbs'Mm Cn`moJ H$a`mV
Ambm AgyZ, g`m [dwV[df`H$ $T> Pmbo`m
gkmMo n`m` Ogo`m Vgo dsH$ma`mV Ambobo
AmhoV.
17. H$[fem n[a^mfm H$moe
`m H$moemV gw_mao 10,500 BJOs nm[a^m[fH$
gkmMo _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV Ambo AmhoV.
`m H$moemV dmnabo`m gd gjonmMs gyMshs
[Xbobs Amho. _hmamQ>mVsb H$fr [dmnsRo> d
_amR>s [dkmZ n[afX `m`m [e\$maesZwgma WmnZ
H$a`mV Ambo`m H$[fem n[a^mfm g[_VsZo m
n[a^mfm H$moemMs [Z[_Vs Ho$bs Amho.
18. Osdem n[a^mfm H$moe
Osdem n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 25,500
BJOs nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMo _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV Ho$bo
AmhoV. dZn[Vem d m[Uem n[a^mfm
[Z[_Vs H$$Z, XmoZ doJdoJio H$moe V`ma Z H$aVm,
`m nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMo EH$[V gH$bZ H$$Z
OsdemmMm hm EH$M EH$ H$moe V`ma Ho$bm Amho.
^maVs` dH$mV dZnVtZm A[Ve` _hd
Amho. dZn[Vemm`m n[a^mfm [Z[_VsV gH$V
JWmMm Amd`H$ VoWo Cn`moJ H$a`mV Ambm
Amho.
19. eara[H$`mem n[a^mfm H$moe
eara[H$`mem n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao
10,500 BJOs nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMo _amR>s n`m`
[Xbobo AmhoV. `m n[a^mfm H$moemV Am`wd}X d
`wZmZs `m dH$ nVsdarb mMsZ JWmV
Agbobo eX [dMmamV KoVbo AmhoV. VgoM,
gX^mgmR>s H|$ gaH$maZo V`ma Ho$bo`m
eXgJhmMmXoIsb dmna Ho$bm Amho.
20. am`em n[a^mfm H$moe

am`em n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 5000 BJOs

nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMo _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV
Ambo AmhoV. hm n[a^mfm H$moe V`ma H$aVmZm
g[_VsZo, `m [df`mVsb [dmnsR>s` Vamdarb
nm[a^m[fH$ gkm [dMmamV KoV`m AmhoV, VgoM
gX^mXmIb H|$ gaH$maZo V`ma Ho$bo`m
eXgJhmMmXoIsb dmna Ho$bm Amho.
VwV H$moemV [d[dY H$amamMs d Eo[Vhm[gH$
KQ>ZmMs _m[hVshs WmoS>`mV [Xbobs Amho.
21. gm[h` g_sjm n[a^mfm H$moe
gm[h` g_sjm n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 2,000
BJOs gkmZm _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV Ambo
AgyZ, hm H$moe V`ma H$aVmZm `m [df`mVsb
[dmnsR>s` Vamdarb nm[a^m[fH$ gkm [dMmamV
KoD$Z VgoM gX^mXmIb H|$ gaH$maZo V`ma
Ho$bo`m eXgJhmMmXoIsb dmna H$a`mV Ambm
Amho.
22. bmoH$ emgZ n[a^mfm H$moe
bmoH$ emgZ n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 4000
BJOs gkmZm _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV Ambo
AgyZ, hm H$moe V`ma H$aVmZm "Robbins' `m`m
"Administrative Process' `m JWmMm VgoM
"R. J. S. Baker', "Paul C.
Partholomew'`m AZwH$_o "Administrative
theory and Public administration' d "An
outline of Public administration' `m JWmMm,
VgoM A` JWmMm AmYma KoVbm Amho.
23. AWem n[a^mfm H$moe
AWem n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 7,000 BJOs
gkmZm _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV Ambo
AmhoV. AWem `m [df`mV H$fr AWem,
Ammo[JH$ AWem, [dH$mg AWem,
gmpVH$ AWemmMo nmoQ>[d^mJ, MbZ[df`H$
AWem [H$dm _y` d [dVaU[df`H$ [gmV
Aem AZoH$ [df`mMm g_mdoe H$$Z AWemmes
g~Y `oUm`m g`mem, J[UV, am`em,
B`mXs emmVJV dmna`mV `oUm`m gkm d
gH$nZm `mVsb Zo_`m AWmMm, AWemmMm
AmYw[ZH$ [dVma d [dH$mg bjmV KoD$Z d
ZdZdsZ gH$nZmMm [dMma H$$Z `m n[a^mfm
eXH$moemMs [Z[_Vs H$a`mV Ambs Amho.
24. YmVwem n[a^mfm H$moe
YmVwem n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 4000 BJOs
gkmZm _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV Ambo AgyZ,
hm H$moe V`ma H$aVmZm YmVwemmVJV emm_Ysb
nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMo gH$bZ H$$Z A`mJV Vk
`$tH$Sy>Z `mZs nwadbo`m gy`m_Ysb
nm[a^m[fH$ gkmda [dMma H$$Z n`m` [Z{MV

OyZ-Owb 2011

111

H$a`mV Ambo AmhoV. hm H$moe AZoH$ Vk d

_m`da `$t`m ghH$m`mZo V`ma H$a`mV Ambm
Amho.
25. _mZgem n[a^mfm H$moe
_mZgem n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 10,000
BJOs gkmZm _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV Ambo
AmhoV. _mZgem hm [d[dY ^m[VH$ emo Am[U
_mZ[dH$s d gm_m[OH$ emo `mZm OmoS>Umam EH$
_hdmMm Xwdm Amho. _mZgem ho _mZds _Z,
`mMs H$m`nVs d _mZds `dhma `mda H$me
Q>mHy$ eHo$b Ago _hdmMo em Amho. C$ H$moemV
_mZgemm`m [d[dY emIm_`o dmnamV
Agbo`m m[V[Z[YH$ d [ZdS>H$ gkmMm AV^md
H$aVmZm MboZ `m`m H$moemVsb BJOs gkmZm
_amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV Ambo AmhoV.
26. `dgm` `dWmnZ n[a^mfm H$moe
`dgm` `dWmnZ n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao
7,200 BJOs gkmZm _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV
Ambo AmhoV. _moR>m _mUmVsb `dgm`mZmM nydu
\$$ `dgm` `dWmnZm~m~VsVM Amd`H$
kmZmMs JaO hmoVs. naVw, AmVm bKy CmoJmnmgyZ
gdM CmoJmZm `dgm` `dWmnZ emmMs JaO
^mgV Amho. CmoJ [dH$[gV H$a`mgmR>s d `m
nYm_H$ `wJmV bKy d _`_ `dgm`mZmhs Amnbo
CnmXZ A[YH$m[YH$ XO}Xma H$a`mgmR>s `m
emmMs Amd`H$Vm [Z_mU Pmbs Amho. `m_wio `m
n[a^mfm H$moembm A[YH$ _hd m Pmbo Amho.
27. g`mem n[a^mfm H$moe
g`mem n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 5,100 BJOs
nm[a^m[fH$ gkmZm _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV
Ambo AmhoV.
g`mem ho EH$ dV Cn`mo[OV em Amho.
`mV g`memmMm Cn`moJ hmoV Zmhs, Ago
Amn`m OsdZmMo EH$hs AJ Zmhs. AWem,
_mZgem, g_mOem, Osdem, B`mXs AZoH$
[dmemImV `mMm Cn`moJ hmoVmo. Aem Cn`mo[OV
[df`mZm AW[_Vs (Econometrics), _mZg[_Vs
(Psychometry), g_mO[_Vs (Sociometry) d
Osd[_Vs (Biometry) Aes dV Zmdohs AmhoV.
`mV nm[a^m[fH$ eXmMm AW A[YH$ gwb^VoZo
bjmV `mdm, `m hoVyZo H$mhs eXmgmR>s
nQ>sH$aUm_H$ Q>snmhs Xo`mV Am`m AmhoV.
28. AmfYem n[a^mfm H$moe
AmfYem n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 5,300
BJOs nm[a^m[fH$ gkmZm _amR>s n`m` Xo`mV Ambo
AmhoV. E_.~s.~s.Eg. A`mgH$_mVsb gmpVH$
d Cn`mo[OV AmfYem, m`mo[JH$ AmfYem,
[M[H$gmb`sZ Cn`moOZm`m CnemIm `m_Ysb

112 OyZ-Owb 2011

JWmVsb gkm `mV [ZdS>bo`m AgyZ, AmfY[Z_mU

emmVsb nXds d nX[dH$m A`mgH$_mVsb
[dVaUs Am[U ^m[VH$s AmfY[Z_mU, AmfYA[^kmZ, AmfY[Z_mU agm`Z, AmfY[Z_mU
[dbofU, AmfY[Z_mU-[dm, Umb`sZ
AmfY[Z_mUem, Ammo[JH$ d `m`mb`sZ
AmfY[Z_mUem, Od AmfY[Z_mU-[dm Am[U
AmfY ~bJ[VH$s `m gd emIm_Ysb gkmMm
`mVsb n[a^mfogmR>s [dMma H$a`mV Ambm Amho.
29. ^mfm [dkmZ d dmL>_`[dm
n[a^mfm H$moe
^mfm [dkmZ d dmL>_`[dm n[a^mfm H$moemV
gw_mao 3,225 BJOs nm[a^m[fH$ gkmZm _amR>s n`m`
[Z{MV H$a`mV Ambo AmhoV. `mV ^mfm
[dkmZm`m nm[a^m[fH$ gkm [Z{MV H$aVmZm
dmL>_`[dm (Philology) d g[hVm [M[H$gm
(Textual Criticism) `m jomVsb H$mhs
nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMm AV^md Agbobo dmL>_`[doMo
n[a[eQ>hs (n[a[eQ> EH$, gw_mao 360 gkm) `m
H$moem`m eodQ>s [Xbobo Amho.
30. ^yJmobem n[a^mfm H$moe
^yJmobem n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 8,600
BJOs nm[a^m[fH$ gkmZm _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV
H$a`mV Ambo AmhoV. ^yJmobem d ^yem `m
Xmohs [df`mV AZoH$ gkm g_mZ Ag`m_wio `m
Xmohs emmVsb gkm`m n`m`m_`o EH$$nVm
Agbs nm[hOo `mQ>sZo gkm n`m` [Z{MVs
H$a`mV Ambr Amho. VgoM ^yJmobem n[a^mfm
H$moe V`ma H$aVmZm hs n[a^mfm Ho$di mXo[eH$
VamnwaVsM _`m[XV Z Ro>dVm A` ^maVs`
^mfmZmhs Vs OdiMs dmQo>b, `mMo ^mZ Ro>dbo Amho.
31. dmn[dm n[a^mfm H$moe
dmn[dm n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao 6,000
BJOs gkmZm _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$a`mV Ambo
AmhoV. nH$m[aVobm bmoH$emhsMm MmWm V^ Ago
hUVmV. `m Q>sZo _amR>s dmnmgmR>s EH$$n
ems` n[a^mfoMs JaO hmoVs. Vs dmn[dm
n[a^mfm H$moemZo nyU Ho$bs Amho.
32. `m`dH$ d [dfem n[a^mfm H$moe
`m`dH$ d [dfem n[a^mfm H$moemV gw_mao
3,300 BJOs nm[a^m[fH$ gkmZm _amR>s n`m`
[Z{MV H$a`mV Ambo AmhoV. `m`dH$ d
[dfem m [df`mbm XmoZ nby AmhoV. EH$ hUOo
dH$ emmVsb EH$ emIm Am[U Xwgam hUOo,
dH$ emm`m AmYmao, nr[S>V `$tda Pmbo`m
A`m`mMo [ZamH$aU H$$Z `m `$sbm `mo` `m`
[_imdm `m hoVyZo `j `dhmamV Am[U [deofV:
`m`mb`mV gdgm_m` OZVogmR>s hmoUmam `m

emmMm dmna g_nH$ Agbo`m d _yi H$nZm

nQ> H$$Z XoUm`m _amR>s n`m`s gkm `m H$moemV
[Z{MV H$a`mV Am`m AmhoV.
33. emgZ dm`moJ
emgZ dm`moJ `m nwVH$mV [Za[Zam`m
emgH$s` [d^mJm`m d `m`m AVJV Agbo`m
H$m`mb`m`m XZ[XZ H$m_H$mOmV dmnamV Agbobo
BJOs dm`moJ d eXg_w` `mMo gH$bZ
H$a`mV Ambo Amho. `m dm`moJmZm H$m`mb`sZ
`dhmamV EH$m [d[eQ> ^m[fH$ n[anmR>mMo d$n
m Pmbo Amho. _amR>sVhs `m dm`moJmMs VesM
n[anmR>s R>adyZ XoUo d `m`m dmnamV EH$$nVm
AmUUo `mo` hmoBb, `m H$nZoZo darb BJOs
dm`moJmMo _amR>s n`m` ^mfm gmJma _S>im`m
gmhm`mZo [Z{MV H$$Z `m H$moem`m $nmZo [g
H$a`mV Ambo AmhoV.
34. [dms` eXmdbs
[dms` eXmdbsV ^mfm gmJma _S>imZo gw_mao
4,000 BJOs nm[a^m[fH$ eXmZm _amR>s n`m`
[Z{MV Ho$bo AmhoV. VgoM Xwg`m AmdmsV
AWgH$nm`m YmZ d JmU boImesfmMs dV
gyMs eXmdbs`m eodQ>s [Xbs Amho. boImesfmV
_moR>m _mUmV dmT> Pmbs d H$mhs ~Xb Pmbo
Ag`mZo Vs AmVm gwYma`mV `oV Amho.
35. H$m`X[eH$m
"H$m`X[eH$m' `m nw{VHo$V XZ[XZ H$m`mb`sZ
`dhmamV [ZXm}f _amR>sMm dmna H$a`mgmR>s gd
Vamdarb A[YH$m`mZs d H$_Mm`mZs hmVmes
Ro>dmds Aes hs _mJXeH$ nw{VH$m Amho. Zoh_s`m
H$m_H$mOmV `m BJOs eXmMm, nXZm_mMm,
dm`moJmMm [H$dm dm`IS>mMm dmadma dmna
H$amdm bmJVmo. `m`m gwb^ _amR>s AZwdmXmgh
Ho$bobo EH$ gH$bZ, Ago `m nw{VHo$Mo d$n Amho.
36. [dH$[Vem nm[a^m[fH$ eXmdbs
[dH$[Vem nm[a^m[fH$ eXmdbsV gw_mao
12,000 BJOs nm[a^m[fH$ gkmMo _amR>s n`m`
[Z{MV H$a`mV Ambo AmhoV. `mV gmo`m naVw
AWdmhs n`m`s _amR>s gkm [Z{MV H$a`mMm `Z
Ho$bm Amho. dH$em A[VmMsZ Ag`m_wio
H$mbmZw$n `m emmV Pmbo`m gemoYZmZwgma $T>
Pmbo`m BJOs gkmZm _amR>s n`m` [Z{MV H$$Z
`m H$moemMs aMZm H$a`mV Ambs Amho.
37. emgZ `dhma eXmdbs
_yi emgZ `dhma H$moe (BJOs, _amR>s)
d$nmV AgyZ, emgZ `dhma eXmdbs (_amR>s,
BJOs) d$nmV Amho. `m eXmdbsVsb _amR>s
gkmMo dUboIZ _yi emgZ `dhma H$moemVsb
dUboIZmZwgma H$a`mV Ambo Amho. `mM_mUo

_amR>s gkmMo Zm_ hUyZ Agbobo BJOs n`m`

[H$dm [H$`mnX dm [deofU hUyZ Agbobo BJOs
n`m` `mMs dV Zm|X Ko`mV Ambobs Zmhs,
dn[dam_ XoD$Z Vo Xe[d`mV Ambo AmhoV.
38. ^m[VH$em eXmdbs
_yi ^m[VH$em n[a^mfm H$moe (BJOs_amR>s) d$nmV AgyZ, ^m[VH$em nm[a^m[fH$
eXmdbs (_amR>s-BJOs) d$nmV Amho.
^m[VH$em `m [dmemIoVsb ems`
gH$nZm`m d `mda AmYmabo`m Cn`mo[OV
kmZm`m Zo_`m A[^`$sgmR>s `m [dm
emIoMs emew EH$$n _amR>s n[a^mfm [Z_mU
hmds, `m Q>sZo ^m[VH$emmMs n[a^mfm V`ma
H$a`mV Ambs Amho. `m eXmdbsMs aMZm,
_amR>s n`m` d Vmo `m BJOs gkoMm n`m` hUyZ
[Xbobm Amho Vs BJOs gkm Aem d$nmMs Amho.
39. _amR>s bKwboIZ
BJOs bKwboIZ nVs d _amR>s bKwboIZ
nVs `m_`o Iyn \$aH$ Ag`m_wio Am[U _amR>s
bKwboIZ nVs hs BJOs bKwboIZ nVshyZ
H$R>sU Ag`m_wio d _amR>s bKwboIZmVsb
[Za[Zam`m Umbs [Z_m`m`m nVsVsb
[d[^Vm `m ~m~s [dMmamV KoD$Z, EH$M EH$
bKwboIZ Umbs emgZ_m` H$a`mV `mds Am[U
emgZ godoVsb gd bKwboIH$m`m bKwboIZmV
EH$gKVm amhmds, `m hoVyZo g[_VsZo [Xbo`m
[ZXoemZwgma, ls. d.dm. BZm_Xma d ls. X.Am.
H$[UH$ `mZs _amR>s bKwboIZ nVsMs nwZaMZm
Ho$bs d `mbm `m H$meZmmao nwVH$$n Xo`mV
Ambo.
40. _amR>s bKwboIZ _mJX[eH$m
_hmamQ> emgZmZo 1963 _`o W_V: _amR>s
bKwboIZ ho nwVH$ H$m[eV Ho$bo. `mZVa
Vg~YmVsb _mJXeZna nw{VH$m H$mT>`m~m~V
_mJUs hmoD$ bmJbs. `mZwgma "_mJX[eH$m'
1965 _`o H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambs. `m
nw{VHo$`m Cn`w$VoZwgma AmVmn`V VsZ Amd`m
[g Pm`m AmhoV.
41. _amR>s Q>H$boIZ do[eH$m
emgZ_m` ZdsZ H$i\$bH$mMs _amR>s
Q>H$boIZ `o emgZmVJV H$m`mb`mZm nwa[d`mV
Am`mZVa `m ZdsZ H$i\$bH$mg~YmV
Amd`H$ _mJXeZ hmo`m~m~V _mJUs hmoD$
bmJ`mZo C$ _amR>s Q>H$boIZ do[eH$m nw{VH$m
W_V: 1968 _`o [g H$a`mV Ambs.
42. emgZ `dhmamV _amR>s
am`H$ma^mam`m ^mfoMo d$n H$go Agmdo,
`m~m~V nXZm_ H$moe [g Pm`mda `mVsb

_amR>s n`m`mg~YmV CbQ>gwbQ> [V[H$`m `$

H$a`mV Am`m hmo`m. hUyZ Q>sH$mH$mamMo
g_mYmZ hmoBb, `mZs Cn{WV Ho$bo`m eH$mMo
[ZagZ hmoBb, Aem nVsZo emgZ `dhmam`m
^mfo~m~VMs ems` d `mdhm[aH$ ^y[_H$m nQ>
H$aUo Amd`H$ hmoVo. `mZwgma Eo[Vhm[gH$
nmd^y_s, `m_mJsb ems` ^y[_H$m d AmOMm
^maVs` gX^ nQ> hmoBb, Aem arVsZo emgZ
`dhmamVsb _amR>s ^mfo`m d$nmg~YsMo
g[dVa [ddoMZ `m nwVH$mV H$a`mV Ambo Amho.
43. emg[ZH$ boIZ
emg[ZH$ H$m_H$mO `m _wI nVsVyZ Ho$bo
OmVo, `mMo _amR>s Z_wZo `m nwVH$mV [Xbo AmhoV.
Z_w`m`m d$nmV [Xbobs _m[hVs _mb`m`m
[H$dm [d^mJs` H$m`mb`m`m \$m`bt_YyZ
gH$[bV H$a`mV Ambs Amho. VgoM R>amdrH$
_m`Zo Agbobo [d[dY boIZH$mahs `mV [Xbo
AmhoV. emgH$s` boIZ H$go Agmdo Am[U H$go
Zgmdo `mMo VwbZm_H$ Z_wZoXoIsb `mV g_m[dQ>
Ho$bobo AmhoV.
44. amO^mfm n[aM`
A_amR>s ^m[fH$ H$_Mm`mZm _amR>s amO^mfoMs
Ro>dU, [VMs d[eQ>o, `mMo mW[_H$ kmZ H$$Z
XoUo _hdmMo hmoVo. `mH$[aVm _amR>s [ejU dJ
gw$ H$a`mV Ambo hmoVo. ho [ejU XoVmZm `m
AS>MUs Am`m `mMm ~maH$mBZo A`mg H$$Z
A_amR>s ^m[fH$mZm Cn`w$ hmoBb Aem arVsZo
"amO^mfm n[aM`' `m nwVH$mMs aMZm H$a`mV
Ambs Amho.
45. amO^mfm n[aM` H$m`$n `mH$aU
emgZ `dhma OgOgm gdneu hmoD$ bmJbm
VgVgo _amR>s ^mfoMo OwO~s kmZ VmoH$So> nSy> bmJbo.
hUyZ _hmamQ> emgZmZo, Amn`m godoV Agbo`m
A_amR>s ^m[fH$ gd amOn[V A[YH$m`mgmR>s d
AamOn[V H$_Mm`mgmR>s _amR>s ^mfm narjm
[d[hV Ho$`m. `m narjm_Ysb H$m`$n
`mH$aUm`m Zn[Ho$gmR>s `m nwVH$mMs aMZm
H$a`mV Ambs Amho.
46. ewboIZ [Z`_mdbs
amO^mfm _amR>sMs A{_Vm d [VR>m
On`mgmR>s emgH$s` H$_Mm`mZm `m`m XZ[XZ
H$m_H$mOmV _amR>s ewboIZm`m ~m~VsV `mo`
_mJXeZ hmdo `m hoVyZo "ewboIZ [Z`_mdbs' hs
nw{VH$m V`ma H$a`mV Ambs Amho. ewboIZ hm
AmJh Z amhVm Vs gd` Pmbs nm[hOo, Aes
`m_mJMs ^y[_H$m Amho. _amR>s gm[h`
_hm_S>imZo V`ma Ho$bo`m _amR>s boIZ [df`H$
[Z`_mZm _hmamQ> emgZmZo 1962 `m dfu _m`Vm

[Xbs hmoVs. `mV 1972 `m dfu 4 ZdsZ [Z`_mMs

^a Kmb`mV `oD$Z AmYs`m _m` nmdbo`m
[Z`_mVsb H$mhs wQ>s Xya H$a`mV Am`m. Aem
H$mao, _amR>s gm[h` _hm_S>im`m 18 [Z`_
g_m[dQ> Agbo`m "boIZ[df`H$ [Z`_' m
nw{VHo$bm _hmamQ> emgZmZo _m`Vm [Xbs.
47. _WZ
bmoH$emhs `eds hmo`m`m Q>sZo OZVo`m
^mfoV am`H$ma^ma MmbUo hs A`md`H$ ~m~
Amho. _amR>s ^mfobm amO^mfoMm ZwgVm XOm XoD$Z
Cn`moJmMo Zmhs, Va emgZ `dhma 100%
_amR>sVyZ hmdm `mgmR>s Vs bmoH$m`m _ZmV
O`mBVnV gmons, gwQ>gwQ>sV VgoM AWdmhs
Agm`bm hds; VgoM gdneu Pmbo`m emgZ
`dhmamMs ^mfmhs [VVH$sM gj_ Agmds, `m
Om{UdoVyZ [Za[Zam`m jomVsb _m`damZs
[b[hbo`m boImMo Ho$bobo gH$bZ Ago "_WZ' `m
nwVH$mMo d$n Amho. `mV m. Zaha Hw$$XH$a,
`m`_yVu MeoIa Y_m[YH$mar, S>m. O`V
ZmaisH$a, m. g`aOZ gmRo>, S>m. AemoH$
Ho$iH$a, S>m. JJmYa nmZVmdUo, m. ^mbM
Zo_mSo>, m. ^m.b. ^moio, m. MH$mV nmQ>sb,
ls_Vs [dO`m [MQ>Usg, ls. `.e. H$m[ZQ>H$a,
ls. g.Am. go, S>m. Z.~. nmQ>sb `mgma`m
[Za[Zam`m jomVsb _m`da boIH$m`m boImMm
g_mdoe Amho.
48. ^maVmMo g[dYmZ
^maVmMo g[dYmZ `mMs _amR>s ^mfoVsb n[hbs
Amdms 1979 _`o H$mT>`mV Ambs Am[U
doimodois `m_`o Pmbo`m gwYmaUmMm g_mdoe
H$$Z ZdsZ Amd`m H$mT>`mV Ambo`m AmhoV.
VgoM 1996 _`o Mm`m AmdmsMo nwZ_wU
H$a`mV Ambo Va 2006 _`o ghm`m AmdmsMo
H$meZ H$a`mV Ambo. ^maVm`m g[dYmZmV
EHy$U 395 AZwNo>X AgyZ, EHy$U 22 ^mJmV
`mMs _mS>Us H$a`mV Ambs Amho. `m[edm` 12
AZwgy`m `mV OmoS>`mV Am`m AmhoV. eodQ>s
[Xbo`m n[a[eQ>m_`o gwYmaUm A[Y[Z`_mMm
gmame Xo`mV Ambm Amho Am[U AIoarg BJOs_amR>s eXgyMs d _amR>s-BJOs eXgyMs Xo`mV
Ambs Amho.
gnH$ : JmV qeXo - mo. 9869287870
^mfm gMmbZmb`,
[Ohm _`dVu B_maV, 5 dm _Obm,
MoVZm H$mboO ~mOybm,
Am~oS>H$a CmZ, dmo (ny.),
_w~B- 400 051.

OyZ-Owb 2011

113

gnZ JWgnXm

hmamQ>mMs WmnZm 1 _o, 1960 amoOs

Pm`mZVa `edVamd MhmU `mZs
bJoM gm{h` gH$Vr _S>imMs WmnZm
Ho$bs. gm[h` Am[U gH$Vs[df`H$ CnH$_mZm
emgH$s` nmVisd$Z mogmhZ Am[U gd H$maMo
gmhm` Xo`mgmR>s WmnZ H$a`mV Ambobo ho
XoemVsb n[hbo _S>i R>abo.
`edVamdOtZs `$ Ho$bo`m AnojoZwgma
_S>imZo Amnbo H$m_ VH$VsW b_Uems Omoes
`m`m ZoVdmImbs gw$ Ho$bo. `mZs AmIyZ
[Xbo`m _mJmd$Z H$mbmZw$n [d[dY ~Xb H$arV
_S>imZo Jo`m 50 dfmV am`m`m gm[h`
gH$VsMm Mm\o$a [dH$mg hmdm d gd KQ>H$mZm `mV
gm_mdyZ KoUo e` hmdo Am[U _hmamQ>mMs A[^Ms
gnVm dmT>mds `mgmR>s `edsnUo `Z Ho$bo
AmhoV.
_S>imZo 2010n`V 500`m Amgnmg JWgnXm
[g Ho$bs Amho. ho gd JW dmMH$mZm nadS>Vsb
Aem An {H$_VsV CnbY H$$Z [Xbo AmhoV. ho
JW g~[YV jomVsb VkmZs n[al_nydH$ [b[hbo
AmhoV.
H$moe dmL>_`
_amR>s_`o H$moe dmL>_`mMs \$ma _moR>s nanam
Amho. EH$m AXmOmZwgma _hmamQ>mV 820`mda
H$moemMs g`m Amho. hs g`m XoemV gdm[YH$
g_Obs OmVo. `m g_ nanao_`o _S>im`m nwT>sb
H$moemZs bjUs` ^a KmVbs Amho.
1. [dkmZ Am[U VkmZ H$moe
2. dmL>_` H$moe
3. eXH$moe
4. Am`wd}Xs` eXH$moe
5. JwOamVs-_amR>s eXH$moe
6. CXy-_amR>s eXH$moe
7. H$S>-_amR>s eXH$moe
8. BJOs _amR>s Wmn` [enH$moe
9. V_si-_amR>s eXH$moe
10. _amR>s-[gYs eXH$moe
11. nmbs-_amR>s eXH$moe
_S>imZo dmL>_` H$moemMm H$n 1969nmgyZ
am~[d`mg KoVbm. `oH$s 250 nR>mMo 4 IS>
AmVmn`V H$m[eV Pmbo AmhoV. n[h`mV IS>mV
1050 Vo 1857n`V`m _amR>s JWH$mamMm
(gnmXH$ - J.Xo. ImZmobH$a), IS> Xwgam (^mJ 1)
(gnmXH$ - S>m. Jmo._m. Hw$bH$Uu)_`o 1858 Vo
30 E[b, 1960n`V`m [XdJV _amR>s
JWH$mamMm, IS> [Vg`mV 1885 Vo 1960n`V`m

114 OyZ-Owb 2011

JW n[aM`mMm (gnmXH$ - m. _m.X.

hmVH$UJboH$a) Am[U IS> Mm`mV g_sjm gkmMm
(gnmXH$ - [dO`m amOm`j) g_mdoe H$a`mV
Ambm Amho. `m Mmahs H$moemVsb Zm|Xs, A`mgH$,

gemoYH$, nH$ma, gm_m` dmMH$ `m`mgmR>s dmMZ

AmZXmMs AZw^yVs XoUm`m Va AmhoVM nU ho H$moe
_amR>s JWo_t`m KamMo d^d dmT>[dUmaogwm
AmhoV. dmL>_` H$moem`m Xwg`m ^mJm`m Xwg`m
IS>mMo H$meZ bdH$aM Ano[jV Amho.
`m H$moem_`o JWH$mam`m `{$JV OsdZ
n[aM`mnojm `m`m dmL>_`sZ H$m`mMs _m[hVs
AV^yV H$a`mV Ambs Amho. "X Amg\$S>
H$no[Z`Z B{be [bQ>aoMa', "E [S>eZar Am\$

gwaoe dm{Xbo
[bQ>aoMa BZ X B{be bdoO', "Egm`bmonsS>s`m
Am\$ nmoEQ>s AS> nmoE[Q>g', "[S>eZar Am\$ dS>
[bQ>aar Q>g', "Ehar_g [S>eZar Am\$ [bQ>aar
~m`moJm\$s' `m gX^ JWmgmaIo `m dmL>_`H$moemMo
d$n Amho. `m H$moe [Z[_VsgmR>s 200 VkmMo
gmhm` Ko`mV Ambo Amho.
_S>imMm A[Ve` _hdmH$mjs H$n hUOo
eXH$moe. Odinmg XsS> bmI _amR>s eXmMo
[d[dY AW XoUm`m eXH$moemMo Xhm IS> H$m[eV
hmoUma AmhoV. _S>im`m nwUo `oWsb H$m`mb`mV m.
am_Xmg S>mJo `m`m gnmXH$dmImbs hm H$n gw$

Amho. 1970 gmbs `m H$nmMm ma^ Pmbm.

AmVmn`V 3 IS> H$m[eV Pmbo AmhoV, 4`m
IS>mMo H$m_ nyU Pmbo Amho. eXH$moe H$nmbm
AmVaamQ>s` H$sVuMo H$moeVk S>m. _moX VbJar
`mMo _mJXeZ [_imbo Amho.
_hmamQ>m`m gwdU_hmogds dfm[Z[_m _S>imZo
[dkmZ Am[U VkmZ H$moe V`ma H$a`mMm gH$n
Ho$bm. _amR>s dmMH$mZm `m dkm[ZH$ gkm Am[U
gH$nZm g_Om`bm H$R>sU OmVmV `mMo nQ>sH$aU
gmo`m _amR>sV d Amd`H$ `m [R>H$mUs aoIm[Mo,
N>m`m[Mo `m`mgh Xo`mV Ambo Amho.
_hmamQ>m`m [d[dY H$moem_`o _S>im`m [dkmZ
Am[U VkmZ H$moemZo d[eQ>nyU WmZ m Ho$bo
Amho. `m H$moemV ^m[VH$em, agm`Zem,
Osdem, n`mdaU, A[^`m[H$s, d[XH$em,
H$fs, IJmob, [dkmZ, J[UV, ^mfmem, ^yJ^,
^yJmob `m [df`m`m Zm|Xs AmhoV. `m H$moem`m 15
hOma Vs _w[V H$a`mV Am`m hmo`m. `m gd
VtMs [dH$s Pmbs Amho. hm H$moe V`ma H$a`mMo
[edYZw` _amR>s [dkmZ n[afXoZo `edsnUo
CMbbo.
_S>imMs JWgnXm hs _amR>s ^mfoVsb A[^OmV
JWgnXo`m loUsV _moS>Vo. `m JWgnXoMs [Z[_Vs
H$a`mV `m [V^mdVmMm g_mdoe Amho `m_`o
m. Z.a. nmR>H$, Zm.h. Jo, S>m. dm.am. Mm~i,
.am. H$mH$moS>H$a, m. am.[d. gmodZs, n.
doUs_mYdems Omoes, S>m. Omo.Ho$. ^Q>, m.
AemoH$ Xm. amZSo>, ls.h. XoenmSo>, S>m. nm.dm. H$mUo,
`.Am. ^Q>, `.J. JmoIbo, `.^. H$[UH$ , g[aVm
nH$s, S>m.[d. [_ames, amo{hUs ^mQo>, S>m. Ho$.b.
Xar, ls.[d. gmo[hZs, _mYd [b_`o, S>m. _m.H$.
Kmamnwao, Y_mZX H$mog~s, AOwZ S>mJio, goVy
_mYdamd nJS>s, S>m. [d.[^. H$mobVo., S>m. eaXM
[dUy JmoIbo, am.[^.Omoes, YZO` H$sa, `.Xs.
\$S>Ho$, S>m. O`V ZmaisH$a, a.J. [dmg, S>m. _.J.
Hw$Qo>, m. H$_b XogmB, S>m. gamo[OZs ~m~a, [edmOs
^mdo, Jmo[dXamd Q|>~o, ~mi gm_V, n. dm_Zems
^mJdV, dm_Zamd MmoanSo>, ^m.H$. Ho$iH$a,
. ls. ZoaH$a, S>m. O`Vamd nmQ>sb, emVm d,
ebOm J~, _mVs [MV_ns, ~mi \$m|S>Ho$ AmXs
_m`damMm g_mdoe Amho.
_S>imMs JW gnXm
1. CH$Q> BJOs d BVa ^mfmVsb JWmMs
^mfmVao
2. ems` ([dkmZ) JW_mbm
3. _hmamQ>mMm B[Vhmg d `m`mes g~[YV

Eo[Vhm[gH$ H$mJXnmMo gnmXZ,

4. H$meZ, gemoYZ
5. M[ao
6. g_J dmL>_`
7. g_sjm_H$ -Aem H$mamV `oVo.
_S>imZo _hmamQ>m`m B[Vhmgmda Zdm H$me
Q>mH$Umar gemoYZm_H$ JW _m[bHo$Ms [Z[_Vs
Ho$bs. `mgmR>s doimodois CnbY Pmbobs Zds
Eo[Vhm[gH$ H$mJXno, gmYZgm_Js `mMm Cn`moJ
Ho$bm. VgoM AmYw[ZH$ B[Vhmg aMZo`m VdmMm
Cn`moJhs Ho$bm Amho.
gmYmaUV: nmM H$mao `m Eo[Vhm[gH$ JWgnXoMs
[Z[_Vs Pmbs Amho. hm H$mbmdYs mJEo[Vhm[gH$
H$mb Vo AmYw[ZH$ H$mb Agm Amho. `m_`o
1. mMsZ H$mbIS>
2. _``wJsZ H$mbIS>
3. _amR>m H$mbIS>-^mJ 1 (Omo [edmOs
_hmamOm`m H$mimes g~[YV Amho.)
4. _amR>m H$mbIS> - ^mJ 2 ( Omo noe`m`m
H$mimes g~[YV Amho.)
5. 1891 Vo 1947 Am[U 1948 Vo 2010 `m
XmoZ H$mbIS>mMm g_mdoe AmYw[ZH$ B[VhmgmV
H$a`mV Ambm AgyZ, `m`m boIZ/gnmXZmMo
H$m` g`m gw$ Amho.
`m `[V[a$ _S>imZo nwT>sb H$mhs _hdmMo
Eo[Vhm[gH$ JW H$m[eV Ho$bo AmhoV. `m_`o 1.
am`JS>Ms OsdZH$Wm, 2. _amRm`m B[VhmgmMs
gmYZo (nmoVwJsO Xa IS>-2 Am[U IS> 3
(d.S>m. nmSw>aJ g. [ngwb}H$a gnm[XV nmoVwJsO
H$mJXnmMo ^mfmVa, 3. _amR>s gmoMm CH$f, 4.
ZmZmgmho~ noedo Am[U dmV``w, 5. Ago hmoVo
_moJb, 6) CmaH$mbsZ _wKb-AmaJOo~mMm
B[Vhmg (bo. ga OXwZmW gaH$ma), 7. _moJb
Xa~mamMs ~mV_sno ^mJ-1, ^mJ-2 Am[U ^mJ3, 8. gmVdmhZ Am[U n{M_s jmn `mMm
B[Vhmg d H$moard boI, 9. _moJb gm_m`mMm
hmg, 10. nmoVwJsO - _amRo> g~Y, 11. _hmamQ>
d Jmodm `m`m B[Vhmgmes g~[YV [ebmboI,
Vm_nQ>mMs dUZm_H$ gX^gyMs, 12. g_mQ>
AH$~a, 13. _hmamQ>mVsb H$mJogMm dmV`bT>m,
14. _hmamQ>mVsb H$mhs Vm_nQ> d [ebmboI, 15.
gmVmaMo [VgaH$ma dmV`bTmMs _Vs, 16.
_hmamQ>mVsb XaImZo, 17. nm[H$VmZMo
O_ah`, 18. ^maVs` _wgb_mZmMm B[Vhmg,
19. nmoVwJsO - _amR>m g~Y, 20. MboOmd
AmXmobZ, 21. KmoanSo> Kam`mMm B[Vhmg, 22.
AemoH$ Am[U _m`mMm hmg, 23. [Xs`m
ehmOZmMm B[Vhmg, 24. _wKb gm_m`mMm hmg

^mJ-1, 25. hXam~mX dmV`gJm_, 26.

_hmamQ>mVsb dmV` bTo>, 27. CmaH$mbsZ _wKb,
28. ^maVmMm dmV`bT>m, 29. N>nVs [edmOs
_hmamO `m[edm` 1. \o$M aoH$mS>g ([aboqQ>J Qy> X
[hQ>s Am\$ _amR>m IS> 1 Vo 9), 2. Q>[S>O BZ
AZ[gEQ>, 3. X [hQ>s AS> BH$seZ Am\$
gmVdmhZ AS> doQ>Z jmn, 4. goH$S> dS> dma,
5. [hQ>s Am\$ _amR>m Zohs, 6. X nmoVwJsO AS>
_amR>mO, 7. dYm BZ B[S>`mO [\$S>_ Q>Jb, 8.
~m~o AS> H$mJog _wh_|Q>, 9. B[S>`mO \$mBQ> \$ma
\$sS>_ ho BJOs JWhs _S>imZo H$m[eV Ho$bo AmhoV.

_hmamQ>mVsb Wmoa `{$_do/ boIH$/

[dMmadV `mZs [b[hbo`m gnyU gm[h`mMs
gnm[XV JWgnXm _S>imZo doimodois H$m[eV Ho$br
Amho. Vmo _hmamQ>mMm A_mob Ro>dm Amho.
am.J. JS>H$ar `m`m g_J dmL>_` IS>mbm
AmMm` .Ho$. Ao `mMs [dVV VmdZm Amho. `m
VmdZoV Vo hUVmV, "_amR>s gm[h`mV am_ JUoe
JS>H$ar mZm OodT>s H$sVu Am[U bmoH$[`Vm
[_imbs, VodT>s _hmamQ>mV`m `m eVH$mV`m
\$maM WmoS>m boIH$m`m dmQmbm Ambs Agob.
_hmamQ>mZo `m`m JwUmMo OodTo> H$moSH$mVwH$ Ho$bo
VodTo> H$moU`mhs _amR>s boIH$mMo Ho$bobo Zmhs.
H$m`, ZmQ Am[U [dZmoX `m VsZhs jomV Vo
gma`mM d^dmZo Am[U VoOmZo Vinbo, `m`m
H$m`mZo, ZmQmZo Am[U [dZmoXmZo _hmamQ>mbm
Ajae: doS> bmdbo.
JS>H$`m`m gm[h` gQ>sMm gnyU Abm{H$H$
I[OZm hm _S>imZo H$m{eV Ho$bo`m "g_J JS>H$ar
^mJ 1 d 2' `m 1000 nR>m`m _hmJWmZo _amR>s

gm[h` a[gH$m`m godoV gmXa Pmbm Amho.

g_J gm[h`m`m EH$[V dmMZmMm AgmM
Abm{H$H$ AmZX 1. bmoH$emhra AUm ^mD$ gmRo>
- [ZdS>H$ dmL>_`, 2.bmoH$[hVdmXs g_J dmL>_`
IS> 1 d 2, 3. _hm_m \w$bo g_J dmL>_`, 4.
gm[ds~mB \w$bo g_J dmL>_`, 5. goZmnVs ~mnQ>
g_J dmL>_`, 6. AmJaH$a dmL>_`, 7. AmMm`
^mJdV gH$[bV dmL>_`, 8. ~moYZH$ma R>mH$ao
g_J dmL>_` (IS> 1 Vo 4), 9. _hfu [d>b
am_Os [eXo g_J dmL>_` `m g_J dmL>_`mVyZ
AmnUmg [_iVmo.
gJsV/Z`/A[^Z` H$bm
_S>imZo Jo`m nmg dfmV gJsV, Z`,
A[^Z` H$bmes [ZJ{S>V AZoH$ JWmMs [Z[_Vs
Ho$bs. `mnH$s H$mhs JW ^mfmVarV AmhoV. Va H$mhs
JW dVnUo [b[h`mV Ambo AmhoV. `m JWm_`o
1. A[^Z` gmYZm (Vm[ZbmdH$s`m "AZ
AQ>a [noAg', `m JWmMm AZwdmX), 2. ag^md
[dMma (^aV ZmQem ag[gmV A`m` 6 d
7Mo ^mfmVa) 3. Xe$nH$ [dYmZ (^aVZmQ>
em-ZmQ[df`H$ A`m` 18 d 19Mo ^mfmVa),
4. _wmamjg ([demImXm`m gH$V
"_wmamjgm'Mo ^mfmVa.
5. gJsV aZmH$a ^mJ - 1 Am[U ^mJ - 2
(ls[Zm:emaJXod [da[MV gJsV aZmH$a ^mJ 1 d 2
`m gH$V JWmMo "H$bm{ZYs' Q>sHo$gh ^mfmVa), 6.
Q>[dgsH$sMo gmJr{VH$ gmX`em, 7. gJsV
Am[U H$nH$Vm (H$monbS> [b[IV `w[PH$ AS>
B_[OZoeZMm AZwdmX), 8. _hmamQ>mMo gJsVmVsb
H$m`, 9. amJ dJuH$aU, 10. ^maVs` gJsV d
gJsVem , 11. ^maVs` dmo, 12. VOmda Z`
~Y, 13. _mPm gJsV `mgJ (boIH$ dm_Zamd
XoenmSo>), 14. gJsVmMm` n. [dUw Zmam`U
^mVISo> `mMo M[a, 15. Jm`Z _hfu Am[X`mIm
`mMo M[a, 16. gJsV XnU, 17. _wgb_mZs
Am_XZsV gJsV, 18. _amR>s ZmQ>H$mMs JJmos,
19. JmZ[ham, 20. JsH$ emoH$ZmQ>o, 21.
^aVZmQ> emmMm A>mdsgmdm A`m`, 22.
da`moJsZs, 23. ZmQ>_S>n_, 24. b`Vmb [dMma
`mMm R>iH$nUo CoI H$amdm bmJVmo.
A[Vs` H$m_[Jar
_S>imZo A[^OmV BJOs dmL>_` _amR>s ^mfoV
AmU`mMo A[Vs` d$nmMo H$m` H$$Z Ro>dbo
Amho. ^mfmVa/AZwdmXm`m gH$nZo[df`s
_S>imMo VH$mbsZ ^mfmVa `moOZoMm _hdmH$mjs
H$m`H$_ _S>imMo n[hbo A`j VH$VsW b_U
ems Omoes `m`m H$m`H$mimV AmIbm Jobm.
`m`m A`jVoImbsb g[_VsZo A[^OmV BJOs

OyZ-Owb 2011

115

dmL>_`mMm AJH$_ R>adyZ AZoH$ nwVHo$ {ZdS>bs.

`m_`o hmo_a, h[Ob, E{H$bg, A[aQ>mo\o${Zg,
`war[nS>sg, boQ>mo, A[aQ>mQ>b, Wm_g A$mBg,
`yQ>Z, S>m[dZ, gmo, H$mQ>, hoJb, OmZ Qw>AQ> [_b,
JQo>, eog[nAa, Q>mbQ>m`, XmoVEdH$s,
Vm{ZgbmdH$s, ~Q>mS> agob, W ~oZo[S>Q>,
am`eoZ~mI, hmBQ>hoS>, H$moMo, _m[bZdH$s,
H$[gaoa, JmS>Z hs MmBS> `mgma`m nmMm`
[V^mdVm`m gm[h`H$VtMm g_mdoe H$a`mV
Ambm. `m[edm` gH$V_Ysb "doX', "Cn{ZfXoo',
"_hm^maV', "am_m`U', "^aVmMo ZmQ>em',
"gJsV aZmH$a', "d`mbmoH$', mH$VmVsb "JmWm
geVs', [[nQ>sH$mVsb {ZdS>H$ ^mJ `mMmhs
^mfmVam`m `moOZoV g_mdoe Ho$bm Jobm.Z
_S>imMs ^mfmVa _m[bH$m MmJbsM dmMH$[`
R>abs AmhoV. `m `moOZoAVJV H$m[eV H$mhs [MaVZ
JW nwT>sb_mUo AmhoV - 1. Am[WH$ [gmV d
AY [dH$[gV Xoe (Ja [_aXmb-BH$moZm[_H$
WoAar AS> AS>aSo>hbS> [aOg), 2.~ws oaUm d
H$mVs ^mJ - 1 d ^mJ-2 (S>m. E_.EZ. am`[aPZ, amo_[Q>[gP_, [ahmo`weZ), 3. gm_m[OH$
H$ama (gmo-gmo[eEb H$mQ>Q>), 4. dmV`[df`s
(Oo.Eg. [_b - AmZ [b~Q>u), 5. g_mOdmX [d
^mS>dbemhs (E.gs. [nJy -gmo[eE[bP_ hg}g
H$nsQ>[bP_), 6. [dgmdo eVH$ Am[U g_mOdmX
(gmo[eE[bQ> `w{Z`Z -Q|>[Q>EW g|`war
gmo[eE[bP_), 7. [nVm-nw (VwJ}Zoh - \$mXg AS>
gg), 8. VwJmVsb no (S>m. E_.EZ. am` - boQ>g
\$m_ Oob), 9. ~moVmZ (eoI gmXs-~moVm), 10.
~mU (S>m. E\$.E_. Jmo_se - AmoEg ~mUmO),
11. JmYs H$m` d [dMmaUmbs ({Z_bHw$_ma ~mog _m` So>O dwBW JmYsOs), 12. _wbs_ `{$JV
H$m`mV gwYmaUm (Amg\$ E.E. - X [a\$m_ Am\$
ngZb bm), 13. J[UVs VdkmZmMm n[aM`
(~Q>mS> agob - BQ>moS>eZ Qy> _Wo_[Q>H$b
[\$bmgm\$s), 14. dkm{ZH$ Vd - kmZmMm CX`
(hmg am`eo~mI - amBO Am\$ gm`[Q>[\$H$
[\$bmgm\$s), 15. XoH$mVMs [MVZo (XoH$mV _o[S>Qo>eZ), 16. S>mZ {$PmQ> (gahQ>sg), 17.
_s BPmS>moam
(BPmS>moam S>H$H$Z-_m` bmB\$), 18. Bbm_Ms
gm_m[OH$ aMZm (~oZ bohs-gmo[eAb Q>Ma
Am\$ Bbm_), 19. Bbm_Ms OsdZnVs (O\$a
ear\$-H$mZyZ-E-Bbm_), 20. IS>J hV H$s
g`V (VmXmb-H$mb}Q> AS> bH$), 21. ^y[_H$m
[en (Vm{ZbmdH$s [~{S>J A H$aoQ>a), 22.
`w Am[U emVs (Q>mbQ>m`- dma AS> [ng), 23.
g_mOdmXmMo ^[dV` (gs.E.Ama. H$mgbS>-`wMa
Am\$ gmo[eE[bP_), 24. VdkmZmVsb g_`m

116 OyZ-Owb 2011

(~Q>mS> agob-mbog Am\$ [\$bmgm\$s), 25.

AmH$_U (H$moZamS> bmaoP-AmZu AJoeZ) , 26.
H$m`o Am[U [dkmZ (Am`.E. [aMS>g-nmo`oQ>sO AS>
gm`g), 27. [bAmoZmX Xm [hMs (Eg. \o$S>[bAmoZmX Xm {hMs), Amo[Xgs (hmo_a X AmoXsgs),
29. de Am[U dedmX (W ~oZo[S>Q>-aog AS>
ao[gP_), 30. S>mZ gW dmhV Amho (emobmoImodAZu $mBQ> bmoO X S>mZ), 31. B[b`X (hmo_a B[b`X), 32. PwS>emhsMo ~S> (Amo.dm`. JgoQ>[ahmoQ> Am\$ _mgog), 33. [Vgar bmQ>, 34. OmVs
CXJ_ (Mmg S>m[dZ - X Amoar[OZ Am\$ no[gO)

gdgm_m`m`m OsdZmV A`V _hdmMs ^y[_H$m

~OmdUm`m [df`mdarb [d[dY JW _S>imZo
OmUrdnydH$ H$m[eV Ho$bo AmhoV. "hmo[_Amon[WH$
AmfYm`m b_U ^mdZmH$moe' Am[U "hmo[_AmonWs
AmfYmMm {ZKQy' hs XmoZ hmo[_AmonWs emmes
{ZJ{S>V _hdmMs nwVHo$ AmhoV. hmo[_AmonWsMs
Q>sg H$aUm`m S>mQ>amgmR>s Cn`w$ AgUmao ho JW
`m emmMm A[V_ Ro>dm R>abm Amho. `m JWm[edm`
1. _mZds AZwd[eH$Vm, 2. Amamo` Am[U
Amhmaem, 3. _Yw_oh, 4. _mUgmMm _|Xy Am[U
`mMo H$m`, 5. _mZds Xoh ^mJ 1, IS> 1 Am[U 2,
6. _mZds Xoh ^mJ 2, 7. _mZds eara [dkmZ, 8.
m[UO` _mZds amoJ, 9. mUsgQ>s ^mJ 1 d 2,
10. dZls gQ>s ISo> 1 d 2, 11. [_Q> Imo,
12. \$io d ^m`mnmgyZ [Q>H$mdy nXmW, 13. s amoJ
[M[H$gm, 14. XyY Am[U XwYmMo nXmW, 15.
earaVd XeZ (Xmof-YmVy _bmMo d$n d H$m`),
16. eara EH$ g_amJU, 17. AUw`yJ, 18. Jh
J[UV _m[bH$m, 19. JhJVs [gmV, 20. AV[aj
XeZ, 21. dkm{ZH$ n[a^m[fH$ gkm, 22.

Qo>[b{hOZMs _ybVdo, 23. AH$s` gJUH$mMm

n[aM`, 24. Vob d _oX, ^mJ 1, 2, 3, 25. gyVs
[dm.
^mfm Am[U gm[h`m`m g_s`m Q>sZo
Cn`w$ R>aVsb Aem JW{Z[_Vsbm _S>im`m
WmnZonmgyZM mogmhZ [Xbo Jobo. "gm[h`
[gmV' hm aoZdoboH$ Am[U Am{QZ dmaZ `mZs
[b[hbobm JW hm _amR>sMo A`mgH$,
boIH$/m`mnH$, nH$ma, gemoYH$ `mMm
"A`md`H$ dmMZ' loUsVbm C XOmMm JW hmo`.
1982 gmbs `m JWmMs {Z[_Vs Pmbs. VohmnmgyZ
hm JW AmH$fUmMm H|$[~Xy am[hbm Amho.
S>m. g.J. _mbeo `mZs A`V CH$Q>nUo Ho$bo`m
`m ^mfmVarV JWm_wio gm[h`m`m H$Vs d `moOZ,
gm[h`o[Vhmg Am[U gm[h` g_sjm, _Zmo[dkmZ,
g_mO[dkmZ d VdkmZ `mMo AVaJ g_Om`bm
gm[VH$ d$nmMs _XV hmoVo. gm[h`mVsb [d[dY
g_`mZm `m JWmV ^mdsnUo _mS>`mMm `Z Ho$bm
Jobm`.
`m[edm`
_S>imZo
^mfm
Am[U
g_mOem/Y_emmes {ZJ{S>V {Z[_Vs Ho$bo`m
_hdm`m JWmMs `mXs nwT>sb _mUo Amho
1. Y_emmMm B[Vhmg, 2. Y_ Am[U [dkmZ,
3. H$S> ^mfm doe, 4. H$mZS>s gm[h` n[aM`, 5.
~Jmbs ^mfm doe IS>, 6. ~Jmbs gm[h` n[aM`,
7. Y_ ah`, 8. Xm[bV gm[h` EH$ A`mg, 9.
AgH$V g_mOmVsb b[JH$Vm, 10. ^mfm ews,
11. gmX`emmdarb VsZ `m`mZo, 12. nm[UZs`
`mH$aU Am[U ^mfm VdkmZ, 13. dmgdUZ EH$
dmL>_` H$ma, 14. kmZmoX` boIZ gma gyMs, 15.
Y_mMo g_mOem, 16. gm_m[OH$ dmX, 17.
JS>H$`mMs ZmQ>Ho$-[MVZ Am[U AmH$bZ, 18.
_m[S>`m Jm|S>mMs ~mobs, 19.Am^mg Am[U dmVdVm,
20. Y_ {ZanojVm Zho BhdmX B`mXs.
_hmamQ> Am[U Xoembm [d[dY jomV Jmad m
H$$Z XoUm`m H$Vdembs Wmoa nwfm`m g_J
`{$_dmda AmYm[aV JW {Z[_Vs H$$Z _S>imZo
Z`m [nT>sgmR>s `m Wmoa nwfmMm OsdZdmh H$m`_Mm
[OdV H$$Z Ro>dbm Amho. _hmamQ>mMo n[hbo _w`_s
`edVamd MhmU `mZm "_hmamQ>mMo [enH$ma'
hUVmV. ho AmnU gd OUM OmUVmo. nU, `mMo
gw`mo` Am[U ^mds {dcofU "`edVamd MhmUamQ>s` `{$_d' `m JWmV H$a`mV Ambo Amho.
^m.H$. Ho$iH$a `mZs gnm[XV Ho$bo`m `m JWmMs
ZwH$VsM Xwgar Amdms H$m{eV Pmbs Amho. `m
JWmV, M[a Am{U gn `{$_d, `edVamdmMm
amOH$s` dmg, _mb`mVsb df}, gwgH$V a[gH$
`{$_d, H$mQw>[~H$ OsdZ Am[U eodQ>Mm dmg, A
aoAa ZeZb [bS>a Aem ghm [d^mJm_`o

`edVamdOt`m H$VdmMm AmT>mdm Ko`mV Ambm

Amho.
AemM H$mao Wmoa `{$_dmMm g_J AmT>mdm
nwT>sb JWgnXo_YyZ Ko`mV Ambm Amho. 1. JmYs
H$m` d [dMma Umbs, 2. JmYsOt`m OsdZmMo
AIoaMo nd, 3. [dR>mo~m OsdZXeZ, 4. S>m.
^s_amd am_Os Am~oS>H$a M[a JW, 5. JmYsnd,
6. _hm_m JmYs (boIH$-adrZmW Q>mJmoa), 7.
gV JmS>Jo _hmamO - H$mb Am[U H$Vd, 8.
H$_dsa ^mD$amd nmQ>sb - H$mb Am[U H$Vd, 9.
gm[ds~mB \w$bo - H$mb Am[U H$Vd, 10.
XoeJmad - gw^mfM ~mog, 11. bmoH$_hfu ^mD$gmho~ Xoe_wI, 12. J.`. _mS>ImobH$a `$s Am[U H$Vd, 13. n[S>V Odmhabmb Zoh$,
14. H$_dsa XmXmgmho~ Jm`H$dmS>, 15. N>nVs
[edmOs _hmamO, 16. goZmnVs ~mnQ>, 17. ~m~m
nOs - H$mb Am[U H$Vd, 18. o_MX `$s
Am[U dmL>_` `mMm R>iH$nUo CoI H$amdm bmJob.
_hmamQ>mMo [enH$ma
_S>imMs hs d[eQ>nyU `moOZm AgyZ `m
AVJV _hmamQ> KS>[dUm`m [d[dY jomVsb Wmoa
nwfmMs g[j M[ao H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambs
AmhoV. 100 Vo 125 nR>mMs hs nwVHo$ An
{H$_VsMs AgyZ, "kmZ-~moYZ-gH$mamogmhZ' `m JwUd{eQ>mZs `mMo dmL>_`sZ _y`
dmT>bo Amho. Z`m [nT>sbm oaUm XoUmar d
`m`mVyZ _hmamQ>mMo [enH$ma KS>[d`mgmR>s
gmhm`^yV R>aUm`m `m _m[bHo$_`o AmVmnmdoVmo
32 M[ao H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambs Amho. AmUIs
40-45 nwVH$mMo {Z`moOZ H$a`mV Ambo Amho.
_hmamQ>mMo [enH$ma
1. Eg.E_. Omoes, 2. gmZo JwOs, 3. AmMm`
Y_m[YH$mar, 4. ZmZm nmQ>sb, 5. S>m. [d>bamd

[dIo nmQ>sb, 6. eH$aamd [H$bm}H$a, 7.

_m_mgmho~ OJXmio, 8. VQ>m [^, 9. `edVamd
MhmU, 10. XmXmgmho~ \$miHo$, 11. Vmam~mB
[eXo, 12. VoOpdZs A[h`m~mB hmoiH$a, 13.
VH$VsW b_Uems Omoes, 14. dmV`dsa
gmdaH$a, 15. ~. amOm^mD$ Imo~mJSo>, 16. dm_s
am_mZX VsW, 17. no> ~mnyamd, 18. ^mB Cdamd
nmQ>sb, 19. _hfu YmoS>mo Ho$ed H$d}, 20.
bmoH$[hVdmXs, 21. `XwZmW Wmo, 22. Jmo[dX^mB
lm\$, 23. am_Omoes, 24. dgVamd ZmBH$, 25.
_hm_m Omo[V~m \w$bo, 26. VwiesXmg OmYd, 27.
eH$aamd MhmU, 28. n[S>Vm a_m~mB, 29. Zm.J.
Jmoao, 30. ~. ZmW n, 31. [dZmo~m ^mdo, 32.
eH$aamd _mo[hVo nmQ>sb
gmH$[VH$ _hmamQ>
_S>im`m AmVmn`V`m gd JWgnXoMm
_wHw$Q>_Us emo^ob Agm "gmH$[VH$ _hmamQ>
1960-2011' hm XmoZ IS>mVbm ~hVJW
_S>im`m gwdU_hmogdm{Z[_m _w`_s ls.
ndsamO MhmU `m`m hVo H$m[eV H$a`mV
Ambm.
Odinmg 1000 nR>mMm hm JW hUOo Jo`m
50 dfmVsb _hmamQ>m`m JVsMm VgoM am[hbo`m
wQ>tMm Am[U ^[d`mgmR>s _mJXeZmMm _hdmMm
XVEodO R>abm Amho. `m JWmMs [d^mJUs- 1.
H$bm, 2. ^mfm Am[U gm[h`, 3. _m`_o, 4.
[dkmZ, 5. AWH$maU, 6. amOH$maU-emgZ, 7.
Wmn`, 8. ObgH$Vs, 9. n`mdaU, 10.
VdkmZ, 11. [ejU, 12. B[Vhmg, 13.
l_gH$Vs, 14. OsdZ Aem 14 [d^mJm_`o
H$a`mV `oD$Z 35 jomMm `mV g_mdoe H$a`mV
Ambm Amho.
`m JWmgmR>s S>m. _mYd [MVio, S>m. _mYd

JW[dH$s
_S>imZ {Z[_Vs Ho$bobs hs JWgnXm _hmamQ>mVsb 5
emgH$s` _wUmb`m`m n[agamV Agbo`m ~wH$emns_`o
[dH$sgmR>s Ro>dbs Amho.
_w~B `oWsb MZuamoS> `oWo AgUm`m ~wH$emns _YyZ
XaamoO 18 Vo 20 hOma n`m`m Amgnmg emgH$s` JWmMs
[dH$s hmoVo, Aes _m[hVs emgH$s` _wUmb`mMo gMmbH$
ls. n.O. Jmogmds `mZs [Xbs. A[Ib ^maVs` gm[h`
g_obZm`m [R>H$mUs Am`mo[OV JW XeZs_`o emgH$s`
_wUmb`m_m\$V Q>mb bmdbm OmVmo. `mg JWo_s Cm_
[VgmX XoVmV Ago [XgyZ Ambo Amho. R>mUo `oWsb A[Ib
^maVs` _amR>s gm[h` g_obZm`m JWXeZmV 80 Vo 90
hOma n`mMs JW[dH$s Pmbs.

1. gMmbH$
emgZ _wU, boIZgm_Js,
H$meZ gMmbZmb`,
ZoVmOs gw^mf _mJ, _w~B - 400004.
XyadZs H$.23631433, 23631799.

3. `dWmnH$,
emgH$s` _wUmb` d
JWmJma, [gphb bmBg,
ZmJnya - 440001.
XyadZs H$. 2562615.

JmoS>~mobo, S>m. AU [Q>Ho$H$a, S>m. d. gw^mf ^|So>,

S>m. `edV amamdsH$a, S>m. [d.^m. XoenmSo>, S>m.
[dbmg Imobo, S>m. Xsn H$[UH$, S>m. Za|
MniJmdH$a, S>m. dfm Omoes, S>m. AemoH$
MmgmiH$a, dgV Am~mOs S>hmHo$, gwYsa
ZmXJmdH$a, AemoH$ amUo, AemoH$ amZSo>, gwhmg
~hwbH$a, gO` ^mH$a Omoes, AOwZ S>mJio,
ls_Vs _mohgsZm _wH$mX_, {Z[eH$mV [_aOH$a, ^mZy
H$mio, AVwb XoD$iJmdH$a AmXs _m`damZs
gemoYZm_H$ boI [b[hbo AmhoV.
gmH$[VH$Qm _hmamQ>mMm gn dmagm
_hmZw^dm`m H$mimnmgyZ Jo`m 50 dfmV Z`m
_hmamQ>mZo A[YH$ ^mdembs nXVsZo nwTo> Zobobm
Amho. `m H$mimV am`mMs Os ^m[VH$ JVs Pmbs
[VMo [V[~~ JQ> H$aUmam hm ~hX JW Amho, Ago
`m JWmMo gnmXH$ Am[U _S>imMo A`j ls _Yw
_Joe H$[UH$ `mZs Z_yX Ho$bo Amho
`m boImMm eodQ> H$aVmZm `oR> [dXwfs BamdVs
H$d} `mMo EH$ dm` CXYV H$amdogo dmQ>Vo. `mZs
hQ>bo Amho, "_hmamQ>s`dm`m Om[UdoMo _hH$m`
Xoemda`m _amR>sZo Ho$bo. `mXdm`m am`mV Vs
amO^mfm hUyZ [_a[dbs. _hmZw^dmZs Y_^mfm
hUyZ [Vbm EH$ doJioM WmZ XoD$Z H$m~ybH$Xhman`V nmoMdbo. gVmMs ^mfm hUyZ Vs gd
bmoH$m`m Vm|S>mV Ioidbs. gVm`m dmUs_wio _`
_hmamQ>mMs _amR>s hs loR>V_ Aes T>^mdZm hmoD$Z
Jobs. hs ^mfm gdmMs ^mfm hmoVs. "_amR>s
bmoH$gH$Vs' `m gdm`m ^mfobm g_ Am[U gn
H$a`mgmR>s _S>im`m JWgnXoZo bmdbobm hmV^ma
{Z{MVM Eo[Vhm[gH$ R>aVmo.
gnH$ : 9324973907
B-ob : ekank@hotmail.com

2. `dWmnH$,
emgH$s` \$moQ>mo[PH$mo _wUmb`,
d JWmJma, \$moQ>mo[PH$mo _wUmb` Amdma,
Os.ns.Amo.ZOsH$, nwUo 411001.
XyadZs H$. 26125808/ 26124759.

4. ghm`H$ gMmbH$,
emgH$s` _wUmb`,
AmaJm~mX-431001
XyadZs H$.
2331525.

5. `dWmnH$,
emgH$s` _wUmb` d boIZgm_Js
^mS>ma, Vmam~mB nmH$, H$mohmnya 416003. XyadZs H$. 2650395
/2650402.

OyZ-Owb 2011

117

_amR>sMm [dH$mg : _hmamQ>mMm [dH$mg

_

amR>s ^mfm Am[U _hmamQ>mMs gH$Vs

`mMo gajU, gJmonZ d gdYZ
H$a`mMm `mnH$ Coe _Zmes ~miJyZ
_hmamQ> emgZmZo [XZmH$ 1 _o 1992 amoOr am`
_amR>s [dH$mg gWoMs WmnZm Ho$bs. _hmamQ>mMo
_w`_s `m gWoMo nX[g A`j AgVmV.
gWoMs WmnZm Pm`mda n[h`m gMmbH$ hUyZ
S>m. gamo[OZs d `mMo gwOmU d H$nH$ ZoVd
gWobm bm^bo hmoVo Va AmOKS>sbm `oR>
gm[h{`H$ nls ls. _Yy _Joe H$[UH$ gWoMo
gMmbH$ AmhoV.
[d[dY jomV hmoUmam _amR>sMm dmna
A[YH$m[YH$ JwUdmmnyU hmoV Omdm `mgmR>s
`Zesb amhmdo d _amR>s ^mfo`m A[^dsMs
[H$`m [Z`moOZnydH$ J[V_mZ H$amds hs `m gWo`m
WmnZo_mJMs XmoZ _wI C[Q>o AmhoV. "_amR>sMm
[dH$mg : _hmamQ>mMm [dH$mg' ho gWoMo ~moYdm`
Amho. `md$Z gWo`m `mnH$ H$m`H$joMs H$nZm
`oD$ eHo$b. gd Vamda _amR>sMm [dH$mg
gmY`mgmR>s gWm dVnUo VgoM ^mfm d
gH$Vs`m jomV _amR>s ^mfo`m A[^drgmR>s
H$m_ H$aUmao [d[dY emgH$s` VgoM AemgH$s`
gWm_`o g_d` amIyZ `m`m gmhm`mZohs AZoH$
CnH$_ `edsar`m nma nmS>V Amho.
ej[UH$ d ^mfm[df`H$ H$meZo
_amR>s hs kmZ^mfm hmds `mgmR>s [Z`moOZnydH$
nmdbo CMbV AgVmZm [d[dY jomVsb kmZ
_amR>sV AmU`mgmR>s gWoZo [deof nwVHo$ H$m[eV
Ho$bs AmhoV. embo`-_hm[dmb`sZ [dmWu,
[ejH$ Am[U emgZm`m [d[dY [d^mJm_`o H$m_
H$aUm`m H$_Mm`mZm, `m`m A`mgH$_mV
Cn`moJs R>aVsb Aem, _amR>s boIZ _mJX[eH$m,
emg[ZH$m _amR>s ^mfoMm [dH$mg, H$moe d gyMs
dmL>_`: d$n Am[U gm`, B`mXs gX^JWmMs
VgoM embo` _amR>s eXH$moe, [dkmZ gH$nZm
H$moe, _amR>s bKwboIZ eXH$moe Aem [d[dY
H$moemMs [Z[_Vs gWoZo AmOda Ho$bs Amho.
^mfo`m gm[VH$ Am[U `mdhm[aH$ AJmMm [dMma
H$aUm`m, _amR>s ^mfm : dmT> Am[U [~KmS>, dr :
^mfoMo d ^mfm`mgmMo [dH$gZ, ~ob^mfm,
[ejUmMo AVaJ B`mXr nwVH$mMmXoIsb `mV
g_mdoe Amho.
nwadUs nwVH$_mbm - dmMy AmZXo
_m`[_H$
emimVsb
_wbm_wbtH$[aVm

118 OyZ-Owb 2011

A`mgH$_mVsb nmR>nwVH$mIo[aO nyaH$

dmMZmgmR>s Amd`H$ AgUmar, Cm_ gm[h{`H$
JwUdmm AgUmar, b[bV H$bmMs OmU hiyhiy
dmTo>b Aem nVsZo V`ma Ho$bobs nwVHo$ _amR>sV
\$maes CnbY ZmhsV. hs wQ>s Xya H$a`mgmR>s
gWoZo "dmMy AmZXo' hs nwadUs dmMZ_mbm V`ma
Ho$bs AgyZ, _mYwar nwaXao `mZs `mMo gnmXZ Ho$bo
Amho. ~mb d Hw$_ma JQ>mVsb `oH$s XmoZ Aem Mma
nwVH$m`m `m gMmbm [d[dY jomVsb VkmMm
VgoM [ejH$, nmbH$mMm A[Ve` Cm_ [VgmX
[_imbm Amho.
AdmMsZ _hmamQ>mMs OS>UKS>U
gm[h`, [ejU, H$bm, g_mOH$maU, CmoJ B.
[d[dY AdmMsZ _hmamQ>mMs OS>UKS>U Zo_H$s
H$es Pmbs d Vs hmo`m_mJo H$moU`m _hdm`m
`$s, gWm d [dMmaYmam H$maUs^yV R>a`m hmo`m

[Jare nVHo$
`mMm gdgm_m` gw[e[jV dmMH$mZm n[aM` H$$Z
XoUm`m `m _m[bHo$V ZD$ nwVHo$ H$m[eV Pmbs
AmhoV.
X[jU ^maVmVsb _amR>s dmL>_`mMm
B[Vhmg d gyMs
[edH$mbmnmgyZ _hmamQ>m~mhoa X[jU ^maVmV
_amR>s gH$Vs O`mda [VWo _amR>s ^mfm Oes
~mobbs OmD$ bmJbs VgoM dmL>_`hs [Z_mU hmoD$
bmJbo. _hmamQ>mV`m _amR>s dmL>_`mnojm ho
dmL>_` [Zamio Amho; `mMm emoY KoD$Z Vo EH$[V
H$amdo d Vo dmL>_` B[Vhgm`m d$nmV
A`mgH$mnwTo> _mS>mdo `m hoVyZo am` _amR>s [dH$mg
gWoZo gm[h` d ^mfm jomVsb Vkm`m _XVsZo
Xhm _hdnyU gX^JWmMo H$meZ Ho$bo Amho.
H$ZmQ>H$, AmY Xoe, Vm[_iZmSy>, Ho$ai `m
am`m_`o Agbo`m _amR>s hV[b[IVmVyZ
[_imbobo A_y` Ago ho eXYZ `m_wio _amR>s
dmMH$mZm, A`mgH$mZm Iwbo Pmbo Amho. `mIoarO
VOmdya `oWsb gadVs _hmb JWmb` d V_ri
[dmnsR> `oWo AZoH$ _moS>s hV[b[IVo CnbY
AmhoV. `m hV[b[IVmMo XodZmJarH$aU H$a`mMm
H$n gWm bdH$a hmVs KoUma Amho. `m
hV[b[IVmMo XodZmJarH$aU Pm`mZo AmVmn`V
AZwnbY Agbo`m dmL>_`mMm _moR>m gmR>m
A`mgH$mZm CnbY hmoBb.

\$mgu- _amR>s - `wn[mH$moe

_`_`wJsZ d dV_mZH$mbsZ _amR>s_`o Ag`
Aa~s, VwH$u, \$mags eX AmhoV. 14`m
eVH$mnmgyZ `m eXmMm _amR>sV g_mdoe Pmbm.
VohmnmgyZ AmOn`V ho eX _amR>s ^mfoV Obo,
{Wamdbo. Vo AmVm _amR>s gH$Vses EH$$n,
EH$Osd Pmbo AgyZ, `mMo EH$narZo _amR>sH$aU
Pmbobo Amho. _amR>s dmL>_`mMmM [dMma Ho$bm Va
gV dmL>_`, Eo[Vhm[gH$ nm_H$ J, ~Ia
dmL>_`, em[har dmL>_` Vo AmO`m dmns`
boIZ, H$m`Xm, emgZ`dhma `m gdM ~m~VsV `m
eXmMo A{Vd OmUd`mgmaIo Amho. _amR>s,
\$mguMo `oR> A`mgH$ S>m. `y._. nR>mU `mZs `m
`wn[mH$moemMo gnmXZ Ho$bo Amho. `m
`wn[mH$moemV `m eXmMs `wnms, CmaU
H$mb_mZmZwgma `mZm m Pmbobm Zdm AW B.
AZoH$ ~m~tMm D$hmnmoh Ho$bobm Amho. `mZm
_``wJsZ \$_mZo, gZXm, Eo[Vhm[gH$ no, ~Iar
B.Mo A``Z-gemoYZ H$amd`mMo Amho `mZm Va hm
H$moe Cn`w$ dmQo>bM; naVw, AmO`m _amR>s`m
[d[dY ~mobt`m A`mgH$mZmhs `mMm Cn`moJ
hmoBb.
_amR>s JWgyMs
_amR>s_`o AmOda Ho$bo Jobobo gyMrH$m`
A[^_mZmnX d _hdmMo _mZbo Jobo Amho. H$.
e.J. XmVo `mZs 1950n`V`m _amR>s JWmMs XmoZ
IS>mV Ho$bobs gyMs AZoH$ df} AZwnbY hmoVs.
am` _amR>s [dH$mg gWoZo [VMo nwZ_wU H$$Z, Vs
A`mgH$mZm CnbY Va H$$Z [XbsM [edm`
1951 Vo 2000 `m H$mbIS>mVsb JWmMs [df`dma
gyMs ls. eaX gmRo> `mZs V`ma Ho$bs AgyZ, Vs VsZ
IS>mV H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambs Amho. Cd[aV
H$mbIS>mVsb gyMs H$a`mMo H$m_ ls. eaX gmRo>
`m`mgh gyMsH$m`mV H$m`aV AgUm`m Vk
`$s H$arV AmhoV. bdH$aM Vo H$m{eV H$a`mV
`oBb.
`mb`mMm kmZH$moe
[dkmZ VkmZmMs ^mfm gw~moY amhmds, OmJ[VH$
Vamdarb A`mdV VkmZ _amR>s ^mfoVyZ CnbY
hmoD$Z Vs kmZ^mfm hmds `mgmR>s [Z`moOZnydH$
H$m_ H$aUo Amd`H$ Amho. ho AmoiIyZ `mb`mV
H$m_ H$aUm`m H$_Mmar d H$m_JmamgmR>s, ls.
e.Jmo. [^So> `mZs [b[hbobm `mb`mMm kmZH$moe
gWoZo H$m[eV Ho$bm Amho. A[Ve` gw~moY ^mfoV

gWoMs H$meZo
AdmMsZ _hmamQ>mMs OS>UKS>U

ej[UH$ d ^mfm[df`H$
1. H$moe d gyMs dmL>_`:
d$n Am[U gm`

- gnm. gamo[OZs d,
gwf_m nmS>dmb,
A[ZVm Omoes,
H$[dVm _hmOZ
2. _amR>s boIZ _mJX[eH$m - `m{_Z eoI
3. _amR>s bKwboIZ eXH$moe - d.dm. BZm_Xma
4. embo` _amR>s eXH$moe - gnm. dgV Am~mOs
S>hmHo$, [Jare nVHo$
5. [dkmZ gH$nZm H$moe
- gnm. m. am.[d.
gmodZs
6. [ejH$mgmR>s
A``Z nw{VH$m
- gnm. am`
_amR>s [dH$mg gWm
7. [ejU, [ejH$
d A`mgH$_
- dm.~. nQ>dYZgnm.- a_oe nmZgo
8. _amR>s ^mfm : dmT>
Am[U [~KmS>
- ls.Ho$. jsagmJa
9. ds : ^mfoMo d
^mfm`mgmMo [dH$gZ
- [XZoe X. _mhybH$a
10. ~ob^mfm
- gw_Z ~obdbH$a
11. ^mfm - Amnbs gdmMsM - A[dZme [~Zrdmbo
12. dmMy AmZXo
(~mb JQ>, Hw$_ma JQ>)
- gnmXH$ - _mYwar nwaXao,
Z[XVm dmJio
13. nmbKa VmbwH$m
- ~mobs, g_mO d
gH$Vs - gnm. S>m.
[V^m H$UoH$a
14. [ejUmMo AVaJ
- bsbm nmQ>sb

15. _hmamQ> gm[h` n[afX (Xwgar AmdVs)

16. `mH$aUH$ma _moamo Ho$ed Xm_bo :
`$s Am[U H$m` (Amdms Xwgar)
17. H$mH$mgmho~ H$mbobH$a : `$s Am[U H$m`
18. JJmYa ~miH$U gaXma : `$s Am[U H$m`
19. ~mbJYd : `$s Am[U H$m`
20. _mVgodm gK
21. "gH$mi' dmn Am[U dmg_yh
22. eVZwamd [H$bm}H$a : `$s Am[U H$m`
23. S>m. A.H$m. [`moiH$a : `$s Am[U H$m`
24. `~H$ eH$a eodbH$a `m`m
gm[h`mMs dUZm_H$ gyMs

50. _amR>s dH$ JWgyMs

51. `mb`mMm kmZH$moe

52. \$mgu-_amR>s `wn[mH$moe
53. d[Z[_Vs _m[hVsH$moe IS> 1
VVy[Z_mU d VVy[dkmZ
54. d[Z[_Vs _m[hVsH$moe IS> 2
gyV[Z_mU
55. _amR>s H$moe d gX^ gmYZo `mMs g_J gyMs
56. ~m{H$ gnms A[YH$ma

- H$U ls. AOwZdmS>H$a

- _Um[bZs OmoJioH$a
- ho_V [d. BZmXma
- _mo[hZs dX}
- [dZ`m IS>noH$a
- dmVs gwhmg H$d}
- S>m. ^m.a. gm~So>
- S>m. [d.~m. ^wXogmB
- gnm. gwf_m nmS>dmb

X[jU ^maVmVsb _amR>s dmL>_`mMm B[Vhmg

25. _mgMs _amR>s hV[b[IVo
26. hm~mXMs _amR>s hV[b[IVo

- gnm. S>m. dgV Omoes

- gnm. S>m. ls.a. Hw$bH$Uu,
(H$.) S>m. d.Xm. Hw$bH$Uu, m. X.n. Omoes
27. H$ZmQ>H$mVsb _amR>s hV[b[IVo - S>m. ^s_meH$a XoenmSo>
28. [d|_Ms _amR>s hV[b[IVo
- gnm. S>m. dgV Omoes
29. VOmda gyMs (IS> ghmdm)
- gnm. ^m_amd Ho$gH$a
30. X[jU ^maVmVsb _amR>s
- VOmda IS> - gnm.
dmL>_`mMm B[Vhmg
- S>m. dgV Omoes
31. X[jU ^maVmVsb
- AmY-H$ZmQ>H$ IS>
_amR>s dmL>_`mMm B[Vhmg
- gnm. S>m. dgV Omoes d S>m. X.[X. nwSo>
32. X[jUm` gm[h` gH$VsMm _amR>ses AZw~Y - S>m. _m[UH$ YZnbdma
33. gm[h`goVy
- ls.a. Hw$bH$Uu
34. XIZs ^mfm : _amR>s gH$VsMm
- ls.a. Hw$bH$Uu
EH$ Am[dH$ma

H$moe d gyMs dmL>_`

45. _amR>s JWgyMs ^mJ 1 d 2 (1800- 1950)
46. _amR>s JWgyMs ^mJ 3 (1951-1962)
47. _amR>s JWgyMs ^mJ 4 (1963-1970)
48. _amR>s JWgyMs ^mJ 5 (1951-1962)
49. _amR>s [dkmZ JWgyMs

- _.ls. Xs[jV

gnm.(H$.) eH$a JUoe XmVo

gnm. eaX gmRo>
gnm. eaX gmRo>
gnm. eaX gmRo>
gnm. am.[d. gmodZs,
gOsdZs [eo
gnm. S>m. gwaoe ZmS>H$Uu,
H$[dVm _hmOZ
gnm. eH$a Jmonmi [^So>
gnm. S>m. `w._. nR>mU
gnm. S>m. MH$mV H$mUo,
m. gwaoe _hmOZ
gnm. AemoH$ JX},
ls. `edV XoenmSo>
gnm. d.[d. Hw$bH$Uu
m. [demb H$Q>m[a`m

qhXs AZwdmX
35. H$UmQ>H$

- `H$Qo>e _mS>JyiH$a
- AZw. [dZm`H$ Zmam`U go
36. amO_mMs H$m ~wYm - Jmo.Zs. XmSo>H$a - AZw. _sam ZmXJmdH$a
37. q~[X`m [OVZs Psb - [Z_bm XoenmSo> - AZw. gwZsVm namOno
38. H$`mUs
- `moZm XodYa
- AZw. - `moZm XodYa
39. _w$m_ nmoQ>
- _mYd H$m|S>[dbH$a AZw.
XodmMo JmoR>Uo
- A[dZme [~Zsdmbo
40. [XZ ~ [XZ
- e.Zm. Zdao - AZw. - gw^mf aU[Xdo
41. gmg ^a H$m \$mgbm - A[~H$m gaXma - AZw.- ea`w noS>UoH$a
42. ls_Vs a_m~mB amZSo> - _m. ls. [dXmg AZw.- dmg[VH$m
43. _ H$VmW hwB
- _oh[gm XbdmB - AZw.- S>m. [dO`m
44. amo[hUs
- Ho$ed Ho$iH$a - AZw. [dbmg JrVo

OyZ-Owb 2011

119

gXa kmZH$moe hm `m [df`mdarb Ho$di

_amR>sVbmM Zho, Va EHy$UM ^maVs` ^mfm_Ybm
n[hbmM `Z AgyZ, `mb` `m jomVsb amQ>s`
d AmVaamQ>s` Vamdarb VkmZs `m H$moem[df`s
A[Ve` AZwHy$b _Vo Zm|X[dbs AmhoV.
d[Z[_Vs _m[hVsH$moe
[d[dY `dgm`mMo [ejU ghOnUo _amR>sVyZ
CnbY Pm`mg ^m[fH$ Am[U gm_m[OH$ Q>sZo
\$ma Cn`w$ hmoBb Ago gWobm dmQ>Vo. _amR>s`m
Am[U _hmamQ>m`m gX^mV dmomoJmbm mMsZ
H$mimnmgyZ _hdmMo WmZ Amho ho bjmV KoD$Z
gWoZo `m [df`mMm _amR>sVyZ A`mg H$$
B{N>Um`mgmR>s VgoM `m [df`mMo _amR>sVyZ [ejU
KoUm`mgmR>s d `mda _amR>sVyZ boIZ
H$aUm`mgmR>s Cn`w$ R>aob Agm d[Z[_Vs
_m[hVsH$moe V`ma H$a`mMo H$m_ XmmOsamd H$X_
Vm[H$ [ejU gWo`m ghH$m`mZo hmVs KoVbo
Amho. ^maVs` ^mfm_`o AmO[_Vsg Var Aem
H$maMm H$moe Zmhs. `m_wio _amR>s_`o Vmo V`ma
Pm`mg _amR>s`m VgoM _hmamQ>m`m B[VhmgmV
hs EH$ AOmoS> H$m_[Jar R>aob. AmR> IS>m_YyZ
H$m[eV hmoUm`m `m _m[hVs H$moemMo 1. VVw[Z_mU
d VVw[dkmZ, 2. gyV[Z_mU ho n[hbo XmoZ IS>
\o$~wdmar 2007_`o H$m[eV Pmbo AgyZ, Cd[aV
IS> bdH$aM H$m[eV hmoVsb.
AZwdmX H$n
_amR>sVsb Cm_mom_ b[bV gm[h`mMm n[aM`
^maVmVsb BVa mVmVsb dmMH$mZmhs hmdm `m
hoVyZo _amR>sVsb H$mhs [ZdS>H$ H$mX~`m, M[ao,
Am_M[ao [ZdSy>Z `mMo [hXs ^mfoV Vk
`$tH$Sy>Z AZwdmX H$$Z KoVbo AmhoV. `m
H$nmV 10 nwVHo$ H$m[eV Pmbs AmhoV.
nmbKa VmbwH$m - ~mobs, g_mO d gH$Vs
_w~BOdisb nmbKa Vmbw`m_`o AZoH$[dY
~mobs ~mob`m OmVmV. `m_`o m_w`mZo
Am[Xdmgs, AmJar, Hw$U~s, ^S>mar, dmS>di d
_Nr>_ma `m ~mobs d `mMo BVa [^ H$ma ~mobV
Agbo`m
g_mOm[df`sMm
g[dVa
g_mO^mfmdkm[ZH$ A`mg H$$Z `mMo
^mfmems` {Q>H$moZmVyZ [ZH$f A`mgyZ hm
gX^JW V`ma Ho$bm Amho. `m g_mOmMs AmS>Zmdo,
`mMo gU, eoVs, [eH$marMs nV OsdZebs,
gH$ma, JsVo, eX-dm`o-hUs, g_OwVs,
AYlm, Jmd n[aga B`mXs AZoH$ _wmdarb
_m[hVs `mV dmMH$mZm amoMH$ nVsZo dmMd`mg
[_iob. gmoZmonV XmSo>H$a _hm[dmb`mVsb
m`m[nH$m ls_Vs [V^m H$UoH$a `mZs `m JWmMo
gnmXZ Ho$bo Amho.

120 OyZ-Owb 2011

~m{H$ gnmsMm A[YH$ma

(Intellectual Property Right)

`m Z`mZo nwTo> `oUm`m _hdm`m
[df`mg~YsMs A`mdV _m[hVs _amR>s dmMH$mnwTo>
AmU`mgmR>s, nwUo [dmnsR>mVsb ~m{H$ gnms
A[YH$ma A`mgZm`m _wI m. [demb H$Q>m[a`m
`mZs `m nw{VHo$Mo boIZ Ho$bo Amho.
H$H$amoJ nw{VH$m
_amR>sVyZ dH$[df`H$ boIZ H$aUm`m Am[U
_yb^yV d$nmMo gemoYZ [g H$$ B{N>Um`m
Vk _S>itZm EH$ AmUyZ `mmao dH$s` _amR>s
^mfm g_mOmV $T> H$a`m`m CoemZo gWoZo
"bmoH$dH$ H$n' hmVs KoVbm hmoVm. `mV
H$m`emim, dH$s` [Xdmis AH$mMs nYm Ago
AZoH$ CnH$_ am~[dbo Jobo hmoVo. `mVyZM
OZgm_m`mZm gm`m gmo`m _amR>sV H$H$amoJ[df`H$
_m[hVs CnbY hmds `m hoVyZo OmgH$n d _amR>s
[dkmZ n[afXo`m ghH$m`mZo EHy$U 38
H$H$amoJnw{VH$m V`ma Ho$`m AmhoV. A[Ve`
_m\$H$ XamVsb `m nw{VH$mZm dmMH$mMm _moR>m
[VgmX bm^bm Amho.
[dm`mgmR>s Ho$bo OmUmao H$m`
_` Xoe, H$ZmQ>H$, AmY Xoe B`mXs
mVmVsb _amR>s`m {W[VJVsMm [dMma gWm
H$arV AgVo. 1994nmgyZ gWoZo AmY XoemVsb
d _` XoemVsb _amR>s nmR>nwVH$m`m
Zm_`o bj KmVbo AgyZ, VoWsb [dm`mZm
nwVHo$ CnbY H$$Z [Xbs AmhoV. `mM H$maMo
H$m_ JwOamV am`m`m gX^mV gWm
Amd`H$VoZwgma H$arV Amho. ~h_hmamQ>mVsb
_amR>s dmMH$mZm XO}Xma _amR>s nwVHo$ dmMZmgmR>s
CnbY hmdsV `m CoemZo gWoZo 2003nmgyZ
"JWmb`mZm nwVH$ ^oQ>' hm CnH$_ hmVs KoVbm
Amho. AmOn`V hm~mX, ~oiJmd, ^monmi, gwaV,
O`nya, Ah_Xm~mX, ~S>moXm, amOWmZ, am`nya,
BXya, amOH$moQ>, O~bnya AmXs [R>H$mU`m 23
JWmb`mZm `oH$s nmM hOma n`mMs nwVHo$ ^oQ>
hUyZ nmR>[d`mV Ambs AmhoV.
emgH$s` H$meZmMo XeZ
emgH$s` [d^mJ VgoM emgZnwaH$V gWm
Cm_, XO}Xma nwVHo$ H$m[eV H$aV AgVmV.
VWm[n, Vs gdgm_m` dmMH$mn`V nmohmoMV ZmhsV.
`mVyZ _mJ H$mT>`mgmR>s gWm `Zesb Amho.
gZ 2002 ho df `wZmoZo AmVaamQ>s` nwVH$df
hUyZ Omhsa Ho$bo hmoVo. `mMo [Z[_m gmYyZ gWoZo
n[h`mXm emgH$s` [d^mJmZs d emgZnwaH$V
gWmZs [g Ho$bo`m nwVH$mMo XeZ _w~BV
Am`mo[OV Ho$boo. `mZVa Aem H$maMs Mma XeZo

_w~B, R>mUo, dmes d nwUo `oWo Am`mo[OV H$a`mV

Ambs. `m XeZmZm bmoH$mMm A[Ve` Cm_
[VgmX [_iV Ag`mZo _hmamQ>mVsb AZoH$
[R>H$mUs Aes XeZo Am`mo[OV H$a`mMm gWoMm
[dMma Amho.
AmJm_s H$meZo
X[bV-Jm_sU gm[h` eXH$moe d gyMs
X[bV Am[U Jm_sU gm[h` ho AmO`m _amR>s
gm[h`mVsb _hdmMo Ago XmoZ dmh AmhoV.
An[a[MV eX, gkm, gH$nZm, hUs,
dm``moJ `m_wio ho gm[h` H$mhs _mUmV ZmJa
dmMH$m`m Q>sZo Xw~m}Yhs am[hbo Amho.
`m eXH$moem`m ~amo~arZo X[bV d Jm_sU
gm[h`m`m gyMsMo H$m_hs gWo_`o Mmby Amho.
`m_`o X[bV-Jm_sU dmL>_`mVsb 6 hOma
nwVH$mMs dmL>_`H$mamZw$n dUZm_H$ gyMs
mW[_H$ d$nmV V`ma hmoV Ambobs Amho. hs
gyMsXoIsb `WmH$mb [g H$a`mV `oBb.
[dkmZ d g_mOems` nwVH$mMo ^mfmVa
_amR>sVsb gm[h` Ogo BVa ^mfm_`o Om`mMs
JaO Amho VgoM BVa ^mfm_Ysb, [d[dY
kmZemIm_Ysb kmZ _amR>s_`o `o`mMs JaO
Amho. [d[dY kmZemImMm Cm_ar`m n[aM` H$$Z
Xo`m`m CoemZo [dkmZ gma `m [Xs `oWsb
gWoZo _yi BJOsVyZ H$m[eV Ho$bo`m
[dkmZmVsb gH$nZm gdgm_m`mZm gmo`m H$$Z
gmJUm`m nwVH$mMo gw~moY _amR>sV ^mfmVa H$$Z
Vs nwVHo$ bdH$aM dmMH$mZm CnbY H$$Z [Xbs
OmUma AmhoV. `mIoarO amQ>s` ej[UH$ gemoYZ
Am[U [ejU n[afXoZo (NCERT) _yi BJOsVyZ
H$m[eV Ho$bo`m am`em VgoM B[Vhmg [df`H$
nmR>nwVH$mMo ^mfmVahs `m `m [df`mVsb
Zm_dV VkmH$Sy>Z gWm H$$Z KoV AgyZ `mMohs
H$meZ ZOrH$`m H$mimV Ano[jV Amho.
gnH$ : am` _amR>s gWm - 3 _hmnm[bH$m _mJ,
E{\$Q>Z Vm[H$ [dmb`,
Ymo~sVbmd, _w~B - 400 001.
XyadZs : 022- 22653966, \$g : 022 22631325.

Email- rmvs mumbai@yahoo.com

website- http://rmvs.maharastra.gov.in

Books are carriers of civilization.

Without books, history silent,
Literature dumb, science crippled,
Thought and speculation at a standstill.
They are engines of change,
windows of the world
Lighthouses erected in the sea of time.

nw

dmMZ gH$Vsbm gOsdZs

VH$mMo Am[U JWmb`mMo `$s,

g_mO Am[U amQ> KS>UsVsb _hd
OmUyZ OJ^a JWmb` [df`H$ H$m`Xo
Pmbo. OJmVsb n[hbm gmdO[ZH$ JWmb` H$m`Xm
1850 gmbs [~{Q>e nmb_|Q>Zo g_V Ho$bm. `mZVa
1876 gmbs A_o[aHo$_`o, 1899 gmbs
OnmZ_`o Am[U 1921 gmbs a[e`m_`o Ago
H$m`Xo Pmbo.
`oZwH$moZo 1949 gmbs W_ "gmdO[ZH$
JWmb` gZX' (PUBLIC LIBRARY CHARTER) Omhsa Ho$br, `mV 1972 d 1994_`o
gwYmaUmhs Ho$`m. 1972 ho "AmVaamQ>s` JW
df' gmOao Ho$bo, 1982 gmbs bS>Z_`o "dS>
H$mJog AmZ ~wg' ^a[dbs. 23 E[b hm
eog[nAaMm _[V{XZ "OmJ[VH$ JW[XZ'
(WORLD BOOK DAY).
Amn`m XoemVhs JWmb`mZm ghm`m
eVH$mnmgyZ B[Vhmg bm^bm Amho. ZmbXm,
Vj[ebm, [dH$_[ebm Aem [dmnsR>mMs JWmb`o
`m H$mis hmoVs. `m_`o [d[dY [df`m`m
hV[b[IVmMm _moR>m gJh hmoVm. _wbs_
^mdm`m H$mimV Voam`m eVH$mV, _wKb
H$mimV, ~m~a, hw_m`yZ d AH$~am`m H$mimV
JWmMm gma ~`mnH$s Pmbm. 17`m eVH$mV
Wm[nV VOmda mVmVsb "gadVs _hmb'
JWmb` AmOhs gw[g Amho. [~{Q>e H$mimV
XoemV gmdO[ZH$ JWmb`o MmJbm AmH$ma KoD$
bmJbs. Zo{Q>h n{bH$ bm`~arO A{VdmV
Am`m. naVw, `m H$mis JWmb`o _`m[XVmgmR>sM
CnbY AgV.
dmV`mZVa ^maV gaH$maZohs JWmb`mg~Ys
AZoH$ g[_`m, Am`moJ, A`mg JQ> Zo_bo.
1867`m [~{Q>eH$mbsZ "og AS> a[OQ>oeZ
Am\$ ~wg AQ>'_wio JW [g hmoVmM
_wH$mH$Sy>Z WoQ> gaH$maH$So> (1 V m[VH$ d 2
Vs H|$ gaH$maH$So>) nmR>[dbo OmV. H|$
gaH$maH$So> OmV Agbo`m VtnH$s H$mhs Vs
BbS>`m B[S>`m Am[\$g d [~{Q>e `w[P`_
JWmb`mH$So> OmV. m[VH$ gaH$ma`m Xa
Im`mVhs OmV. 1948ZVa Vo JW mXo[eH$
JWmb`m_`o nwUo d ZmJnya `oWohs nmR>[dbo OmD$
bmJbo. Vs nV AmOhs gw$ Amho. Vmo AQ>
AgyZhs 1954 gmbs "[S>[bhar Am\$ ~wg
AQ>' Ho$bm; 1957_`o "B[S>`Z H$mnsamBQ> AQ>'
bmJy Ho$bm Jobm. n[h`m nMdm[fH$ `moOZonmgyZ

_`dVu d [Ohm JWmb`o gd Xoe^a Wmn`mV

Ambs.
1930 gmbs ~Zmag `oWo ^abo`m
[ejU[df`H$ Am{e`m`s n[afXoV ^maVmVsb
JWmb` emmMo OZH$ S>m. [e`mbs am_m_V
aJZmWZ `mZs AmXe JWmb` [dYo`H$m`m
_gwmMo W_ Omhsa dmMZ Ho$bo. `mMo nS>gmX
Xoe^a C_Q>bo. n[aUm_s, 1948_`o _mg
"gmdO[ZH$ JWmb` A[Y[Z`_' hm XoemVsb
n[hbm gmdO[ZH$ JWmb` H$m`Xm g_V Pmbm.
`mZVa 1960 gmbr H$ZmQ>H$ d 1965 gmbr
AmY Xoe A[U 1967 gmbs gmdO[ZH$ JWmb`
A[Y[Z`_ H$aUmao _hmamQ> ho XoemVsb MmWo am`
R>abo. AmO AIoa gw_mao 18 am`mV gmdO[ZH$
JWmb` H$m`Xo g_V Pmbo AmhoV.

[X. ls. MhmU

1955 gmbs [Xs `oWo "g_mO[ejUmV
JWmb`mMs ^y[_H$m' `m [df`mda n[afX ^abs
hmoVs. `mMm n[aUm_ hUyZ ^maV gaH$maZo
1959_`o "JWmb` [df`H$ gmJma g[_Vs'
Ho$.ns. [ghm`m A`jVoImbs Zo_bs. 1972_`o
^maV gaH$maZo XoemVsb gd gmdO[ZH$ JWmb`mZm
gdmJsU [dH$mgmgmR>s gmhm` H$a`mH$[aVm amOm
"am__mohZ am` JWmb` [VR>mZ'Ms WmnZm
Ho$bs. 1986 gmbs XoemMo ZdsZ ej[UH$
YmoaU A{VdmV Am`mZVa "JWmb` d _m[hVs
[df`H$ amQ>s` YmoaU' [Z{MV H$a`mgmR>s
S>s.ns. M>monm`m` `m`m A`jVoImbs g[_Vs
Zo_bs. ZVa [Z`moOZ Am`moJmZo `m~m~V S>m. amd
`m`m A`jVoImbs A`mgJQ> Zo_bm. ^maV
gaH$maZo ZeZb ~wH$ Q>Q> (NBT) hs gWm
H$meZ d JW gmamgmR>s AmJQ> 1957_`o
WmnZ Ho$bs. `m`mV\}$ 1995nmgyZ XoemMo
n[hbo nVYmZ n. Odmhabmb Zoh$ `m`m
O`Vs[Z[_m 14 Vo 21 Zmoh|~a `m H$mimV "amQ>s`
JWmb` gmh' gmOam H$a`mMm CnH$_ gw$
H$a`mV Ambm. ^maV gaH$maZo 2001 ho "amQ>s`
JW df' Kmo[fV Ho$bo d dmMZ Mma-gmamg
MmbZm m Pmbs. 2005_`o XoemVsb
kmZm[YR>sV g_mO[Z[_VsgmR>s "amQ>s` kmZ
Am`moJ' S>m. g_ [nmoXm `m`m A`jVoImbs
Zo_`mV Ambm hmoVm. `m Am`moJmZo 10 [e\$mags
Ho$`m AmhoV. `mMs A_b~OmdUshs gw$ Amho.

~S>momMo Zaoe g`mOsamd _hmamO Jm`H$dmS>

`mZs 1906_`o A_o[aHo$hyZ S>`y.gs. ~mS}>Z `m
[[e[jV JWnmbmZm Img BH$S>sb bmoH$mZm
JWnmbZ emmMo [ejU Xo`mgmR>s nmMmaU
Ho$bo. `m dois ~S>moXm gWmZmV 300 _mo\$V
gmdO[ZH$ JWmb`o hmoVs. gWmZmV [\$aVs
JWmb`ohs _hmamOmZs gw$ Ho$bs hmoVs. 1945_`o
H$adsa gWmZmVsb OZVo`m bmoH$[ejUmgmR>s
dmV`nyd H$mimVsb n[hbm gmdO[ZH$ JWmb`
H$m`Xm N>nVtZs Ho$bm hmoVm. naVw, `mMm \$magm
JmOmdmOm Pmbm Zmhs.
26 Zmoh|~a 1804 amoOs WmnZ Pmbobo am`b
E[e`m[Q>H$ gmogm`Q>sMo ZJa^dZmVsb (Q>mD$Z
hmb)_Ysb JWmb` ho am`mVsb n[hbo
gmdO[ZH$ JWmb` Amho. naVw, ^maVs`mZm Vo Iyn
C{eam hUOo 1940_`o Iwbo Pmbo. `m_wio
I`m AWmZo 1828_`o am`mVsb n[hbo
gmdO[ZH$ JWmb` aZm[Jar `oWo A{VdmV
Ambo. `mZVa 1838_`o Ah_XZJa d ZVa nwUo,
R>mUo, H$`mU, H$mohmnya, JmaJmoQ>s, gmobmnya Aes
am`mV AmO amoOs 100 Vo 150 dfmnojm A[YH$
godmH$m` Ho$bobs 83 `m da JWmb`o
[R>H$[R>H$mUs H$m`aV AmhoV. 25, 50, 75 df}
nyU Ho$bobs 1 hOma`m da JWmb`o am`mV AmhoV
d am`mVsb AZwXmZ m gmdO[ZH$ JWmb`mMs
g`m AmO 11,799 BVH$s Amho.
am`mVsb _amR>s JWmb`mMs n[hbs n[afX nwUo
`oWo 1921_`o S>m. O`H$a `m`m A`jVoImbs
^abs hmoVs. 1930`m ~Zmag `oWsb A[Ib
Am[e`m [d^mJm`m [ejU [df`H$ n[afXo_`o
^maVmVsb JWmb` emmMo OZH$ S>m. Eg.Ama.
aJZmWZ `mZs AmXe JWmb` H$m`m`m _gwmMo
dmMZ Ho$bo hmoVo. `mMo nS>gmX Xoe^a C_Q>bo hmoVo.
1936_`o `m doi`m _w~B am` H$m`Xo _S>imV
amd~hmXya gs.Ho$. ~mobo `mZs n[hbo gmdO[ZH$
JWmb` A[Y[Z`_mg~Ys AemgH$s` [dYo`H$
_mS>bo hmoVo.
1939_`o VH$mbsZ _w`_s ~s.Os. Ioa
`mZs _w~B `oWsb emgH$s` [dYs _hm[dmb`mMo
mMm`, Ao.Ao.Ao. \$mOs `m`m A`jVoImbs
_w~B mVm_Ysb JWmb`mMm [dVma
H$a`mgmR>sMs `moOZm gwM[d`mgmR>s "_w~B
JWmb` [dH$mg g[_Vs' Zo_bs hmoVs. \$mOs H$[_Q>s
hUyZ Vs AmoiIbs OmVo. gm`m Xoe^a `m
g[_Vs`m [e\$magtZm _hd [Xbo Jobo. am`m`m

OyZ-Owb 2011

121

JWmb` Midis`m B[VhmgmVsb hm _bmMm

XJS> Amho.
1958_`o [dYmZ n[afXo_`o AmMm` _mo.dm.
Xm|Xo `mZshs gmdO[ZH$ JWmb` A[Y[Z`_mg~Ys
AemgH$s` [dYo`H$ _mS>bo hmoVo. JWmb`
MidisVsb H$m`H$V} d JWmb` gKmZs gVV
`Z Ho$`mZo H$. _YwH$aamd MmYar `m VH$mbsZ
[ejU_`m`m H$mimV, \$mOs g[_VsZo Ho$bo`m
AZwXmZm[df`H$ [e\$magt`m AmYmamdaM
am`mMm 1967 gmbs g_V Pmbobm _hmamQ>
gmdO[ZH$ JWmb` H$m`Xm d `m_Ysb
VaVwXsZwgma 1970_`o Ho$bobo AZwXmZ[df`H$
[Z`_ ~oVbobo AmhoV.
am`mVsb JWmb` nVsV gd EH$gyVm
AmU`mgmR>s hm H$m`Xm A{VdmV Ambm d A`
H$m`Xo a Pmbo. _hmamQ> JWmb` H$m`Xm hm XoemV
VwbZm_H$Q>m Zmds`nyU Amho. A`
H$moU`mhs am`m_`o ZgUmar gmdO[ZH$
JWmb`mMs dJdmar, [Ohm, VmbwH$m, BVa d
`m_`o A, ~, H$ Am[U eodQ>s S> Aes dJdmar d
XOm~Xb Am[U `m dJmZwgma AZwXmZ XmZ
H$a`mMs nVs ^maVmVsb A` H$moU`mhs
am`m_`o Zmhs.
_hmamQ> emgZ g_mO ~moYZ H$aUm`m `m
JWmb`mZm Ho$di n[aajU AZwXmZM XoV Zmhs, Va
`m[edm` BVahs AZwXmZmMm bm^ XoVo. `m_`o gmYZgm_Js AZwXmZ- H$nmQo>, ag, Qo>~b,
Iw`m B.gmR>s Vmdm`m 50% AWdm
JWmb`m`m XOmg AZwko` AZwXmZm`m
_`mXoBVHo$. B_maV ~mYH$m_/ [dVma AZwXmZg`m B_maV AZwXmZ A dJ - 75,000, ~ dJ
- 48,000, d H$ dJ - 24,000 Ago Amho. `m
XamV dmT> H$a`mMm Vmd emgZm`m [dMmamYsZ
Amho. [deof _hmogds AZwXmZ- godmH$m`m`m
am`, gwdU, hsaH$, A_V, eVmXs B.
_hmogdmgmR>s . 10,000 BVHo$ AZwXmZ [Xbo
OmVo. mogmhH$ AZwXmZo- Ogo dJUsXma g^mgX,
A[YH$ _mUmdarb JW IaoXs B. AWmV ho
AZwXmZ _moR>m _mUmda Oar Zgbo Var Xo`mV
`oVo. ^[d`mV `mo` _mUmV `mV dmT> hmoD$
eH$Vo. Ves emgZmMs ^y[_H$m Amho. `m[edm` _m.
[dYmZ _S>i d ggX gX`m`m Wm[ZH$ [dH$mg
[ZYsVyZ gmdO[ZH$ JWmb`mgmR>s AZoH$ `moOZmZm
AZwXmZ [Xbo OmVo. `m_`o B_maVtgmR>s, gJUH$
gm_JsgmR>s JW, \$[ZMa B`mXs IaoXsgmR>s
Xo`mV `oVo.
amOm am__mohZ am` JWmb` [VR>mZ`m
`moOZm :- H|$ emgZm`m gmH$[VH$ Im`mVJV

122 OyZ-Owb 2011

ho [VR>mZ am` emgZm`m [hmmBVHo$ AeXmZ

XoVo. am` emgZmMo .2.50 H$moQ>s d [VR>mZMo
. 2.50 H$moQ>s Ago . 5 H$moQ>s`m
AWgmhm`m`m `moOZm `oH$ dfu am`mV
g`m am~[d`mV `oVmV.
`m_`o JW,
\$[ZMa, gJUH$, Poamg _esZ, B_maV ~mYH$m_,
[dVma JWmb`mZm H$m`emim, MMmgo, n[agdmX
Am`mo[OV H$a`mgmR>s AZwXmZ, [deof ~mb dmMZ
H$j, _[hbm, `oR> ZmJ[aH$, AnJ `m`mgmR>s
[d[dY `moOZm`m _m`_mVyZ gmhm` Ho$bo OmVo.
Xadfu gw_mao 2,500 JWmb`mZm `m `moOZmMm
bm^ [Xbm OmVmo.
am`mV "A' dJ-320, "~' dJ1981, "H$' dJ-3677 Am[U "S>'
dJmMs-5821 JWmb`o AmhoV. 2005`m
amQ>s` kmZ Am`moJm`m AhdmbmV Z_yX
Ho$`m_mUo gnyU ^maVm_`o 54 hOma d
AmVm gw_mao 60 Vo 65 hOmamn`V
gmdO[ZH$ JWmb`o AmhoV. `mnH$s gw_mao
20 Q>o$ JWmb`o Amn`m am`mV AmhoV.
am`mVsb gmdO[ZH$ JWmb`mZm AZwXmZmMo
[Z`_ 1970_`o Pmbo. AmOn`V emgZmZo
ho AZwXmZ 5 doim dmT>dyZ [Xbo Amho.
JWmb` Midis`m [dH$mgmgmR>s nwaH$ma: CH$Q> gmdO[ZH$ JWmb`o VgoM `m jomV
[ZabgnUo, amQ>s` ^mdZoZo H$m_ H$aUmao H$m`H$V}
d H$_Mmar `mZm mogmhZ [_imdo, `m`mV
AgVrb Va Vo Xmof Xya hmoD$Z JwUm_H$Vm dmT>mds
d `m jomV H$m_ H$aUm`m A` OUmZmhs
`mnmgyZ \y$Vu [_imds hUyZ JWo_s S>m.
~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a CH$Q> JWmb` nwaH$ma d
^maVmVsb JWmb` emmMo OZH$ S>m. Eg.Ama.
aJZmWZ `m`m ZmdmZo CH$Q> H$m`H$Vm d CH$Q>
godH$ "JW[_' nwaH$ma 1992-93nmgyZ gw$
H$a`mV Ambobo AmhoV. ehar d Jm_sU ^mJmVsb
JWmb`mZm dJ[Zhm` nwaH$ma d H$m`H$V},
H$_Mmar `mZm am`Var` d [d^mJVar` nwaH$ma
Xadfu g_ma^nydH$ Xo`mV `oVmV.
am`mVsb 83 eVm`w JWmb`mZm `oH$s .
5.00 bj [deof gmhm`- 2006nmgyZ hs
`moOZm gw$ Amho. JWmb` godoMs eVmXs nyU
H$aUm`m am`mVsb 83 JWmb`mZm `oH$s . 5
bj [deof [dH$mg AZwXmZ emgZmZo [Xbobo Amho.
JW [ZdS> g[_Vs- am`mVsb emgZ_m`
gmdO[ZH$ JWmb`mZm ZdsZ ZdsZ JWmMs doi`m
dois _m[hVs hmds hUyZ am`Var` JW [ZdS>

g[_Vs emgZ Kmo[fV H$aVo. Xa VsZ dfmZs hs

g[_Vs Z`mZo WmnZ Ho$bs OmVo. am`mV Xadfu
gw_mao 3 hOma`m da _amR>s JW H$m[eV hmoVmV.
`mnH$s Cn`w$ JWmMs `mXs Xadfu [g Ho$bs
OmVo. `m_Ysb IaoXsnH$s 25 Q>o$ a$_oMs JW
IaoXs H$a`mV `mds Ago nm[hbo OmVo.
hV[b[IV gmJma g[_Vs - am`mV [d[dY
[R>H$mUs Agbobs Xw_ui d Cn`w$ hV[b[IVo,
nwVHo$ m H$$Z Amn`m gmH$[VH$ YZmMo OVZ
H$a`mgmR>s VkmMs g[_Vshs emgZ Kmo[fV H$$Z
Aem Xw_ui gm[h`mMm gJh H$a`mV `oVmo.
JWmb` gKmZm AZwXmZ d [d[dY g[_`mV
H$m`mZo gh^mJ - am`mV [Ohm, [d^mJ d
am` JWmb` gKmZm emgZ Xadfu narajU
AZwXmZ XoVo. JWmb` Midis`m Mma
gmamgmR>s `mZm mogmhZ hUyZ ho gmhm` Ho$bo
OmVo. am` JWmb` gK- . 1,50,000, [d^mJ
JWmb` gK- . 50,000 d [Ohm JWmb`
gK-. 25,000 Ago AZwXmZ [Xbo OmVo. gm[h`
d gemoYZ gWm`m JWmb`mZm - `oH$s 15
hOma dm[fH$ AZwXmZ [Xbo OmVo.
gMmbZmb`mVJV emgZmMs 43 JWmb`oAZwXmZ m gmdO[ZH$ JWmb`m~amo~aM am`
_`dVu JWmb`, ghm [d^mJs` JWmb`o, EH$
[deof gX^ JWmb` d 35 emgH$s` [Ohm
JWmb`o `mgmR>s EH$ _w`mb` d ghm [d^mJs`
gmhm`H$ JWmb` gMmbH$ H$m`mb`o Aes EHy$U
50 H$m`mb`o d 481 A[YH$mar d H$_Mmar
am`mV H$m`aV AmhoV. emgZ am`mVsb
JWmb`mgmR>s EHy$U gw_mao 80 H$moQ>s n`mMr
VaVyX H$arV Amho. Xadfu hOma-~mameo`m da
ZdsZ JWmb`mZm _m`Vm d 500 Vo 600
JWmb`mZm XOm}Vs [Xbs OmVo. `m gd
JWmb`m`m gJUH$sH$aU d AmYw[ZH$sH$aUmMm
H$n H$m`m{dV H$a`mMs H$m`dmhs gw$ Amho.
OZVoMo ZoVd, H$m`H$`mMo H$Vd, Xm`mMo
XmVd d emgZmMo [nVd `mda JWmb`
Midis`m [dH$mgmMs [^V Amho. am`mVsb
ZmJ[aH$ gj_ hmdoV Am[U `mmao amQ>
KS>UsgmR>s`m H$m_mV hmV^ma bmJmdm hm CXmm
hoVy `m_mJo Amho. `m_wioM am`mVsb `m
MidisMs _wio Imobda OyZ XoemVsb A`
H$moU`mhs am`mV Zmhs BVH$m `m MidisMm
[dVma _hmamQ>mV Pmbm Amho. XoemV EHy$U 65
hOma gmdO[ZH$ JWmb`o AmhoV. `mnH$s am`mV
gw_mao 20 Q>o$ JWmb`o AmhoV. `mVhs 100 Vo
150 df} nyU Ho$bobs e^a`m Odinmg Va 25,
50, 75 df} nyU Ho$bobs 1 hOma`m da JWmb`o

am`mV AmhoV. naVw, Ho$di `m g`m_H$

{WVsda AmnU g_mYmZ _mZyZ H$m_ ^mJUma
Zmhs. "Jmd VoWo JWmb`' ho `m MidisMo ~sX
Amho. `mgmR>s AmnU OmUsdnydH$ Am_narjU
H$$Z hs JWmb`o Ho$di JWm`m XodKods`m
_`m[XV n[aKmV Z a|JmiVm H$mbmZw$n A`mdV
H$es hmoD$ eH$Vsb `m Q>sZo emgZ,
gMmbZmb`, H$m`H$V}, H$_Mmar, XmVo d OZVm `m
gdM KQ>H$mZs `Z Ho$bo nm[hOoV. `mgmR>s
gwYmaUmZm Iyn dmd Amho.
AmO gJUH$-BQ>aZoQ>-B-_ob `m _m[hVs
VkmZm`m jomVsb `sZo OsdZ `dhmamMs gd
joo `mnbobs AmhoV. OJmVsb Wi-H$mimMo
gmao AVaM `m `tZs ZQ> Ho$bo Amho. `mZs OJ ho
EH$ IoSo>M H$$Z Q>mH$bobo Amho. `m`m gmhm`mZo
B-_obmao OJm`m H$moU`mhs H$mon`mVsb hds Vs
_m[hVs jUmYmV gnH$ gmYyZ AmnU KoD$ AWdm
XoD$ eH$Vmo. `m_wio gwXdmZo hs gd gmYZo
JWmb`m`m godm H$m`mbm n`m` Zho, Va nyaH$M
AmhoV; nYH$ Zho, Va dYH$M AmhoV. ho
gmdO[ZH$ JWmb`mZs AJrH$mabo VaM ~Xb`m
H$mimV JWmb`o VJ Y$ eH$Vrb d Amnbo _hd
[Q>H$dy eH$Vsb.
~mb [d^mJ godm :AmOMs bhmZ _wbo hs XoemMm ^[d`H$mi
AmhoV. bhmZnUmnmgyZ `m`m_`o dmMZmMs
AmdS> [Z_mU Ho$`mg gwOmU, gj_ d gwgH$V
Am[U [dMmar ZmJ[aH$ KS>`mg _XV hmoBb. `mZm
`{$_d [dH$mgmMs gYs [_iUo JaOoMo Amho. Vs
gmo` hds.
mT> gmjaVm H$m`H$_ am~[dbm nm[hOo
[Zaja bmoH$mMm, Aja AmoiI ZgUm`m
bmoH$mMmhs AmoT>m JWmb`mH$So> dmT>mdm `mgmR>s
MmJ`m JWm`m gm_y[hH$ dmMZmMm H$m`H$_

loR> amR>r ZmQ>H$H$ma

AUmgmho~ {H$bm}H$a
lrnmX H$U H$mohQ>H$a
JmoqdX ~bmi Xodb
ZmQ>mMm` H$UmOr ^mH$a Im{S>bH$a
am JUoe JS>H$ar

Am`mo[OV H$amdm. mT> [ejU hm CmMo dmMH$

[Z_mU H$a`mMm, OmJ$H$ d gwOmU ZmJ[aH$
KS>[dUm`m [H$`oVsb EH$ ^mJ Amho. gmjaVm,
OmJ$H$Vm d H$m`esbVm `m_wio gmYbs OmVo. hm
H$m`H$_ JWmb`mV\}$ gw$ Ro>dmdm.
nYm narjm d A`m[gHo$Ms gw[dYm hds
AmO [ejUmMm gma IoS>m-nmS>mVyZ gdXya
_moR>m _mUmda Pmbobm Amho. IoS>mnmS>mVsb VU dJ [eHy$Z ZmoH$ar `dgm`mgmR>s [d[dY nYm narjmZm ~gy B{N>Vmo,
`mZm A`mgmgmR>s _mJXeZ, gm_m`kmZ d A`
[d[dY Cn`w$ [df`mdarb nwVHo$, dmnmVsb
boImMs [df`mdma H$mUo godm, [Z`VH$m[bH$mVsb
_m[hVsnyU boImMs gyMs d Vs _m[hVs CnbY
H$$Z [Xbs Jobs nm[hOo.
`oH$ JWmb`mZo `m JmdmVsb EImXm _wbJm
Oar MPSC/UPSC dm A` nYm
narjmV
`eds H$a`mg _m[hVs gmhm` Ho$bo Var emgZ
`m JWmb`mgmR>s H$arV Agbobs VaVyX gH$maUs
bmJbs `mMo _moRo> g_mYmZ gdmZmM, bm^ob. `m
godm `oH$ JWmb`mZo O$a m`mV.
gJUH$, BQ>aZoQ>, B-_ob godm CnbY H$aUo
[H$_mZ "A' d "~' dJ JWmb`mZs `m godm
CnbY H$am`mV. ~Xb`m H$mimZwgma H$moUVohs
JWmb` Amn`m `j gJhs AgUm`m
gm[h`mVyZ nwaonya _m[hVsgodm XoD$ eH$V Zmhs.
[H$~hwZm gd gm[h` Amn`m gJhs Ro>dyhs eH$V
Zmhs. `mgmR>s AmVa JWmb` ghH$m` ^mdZm
OmUsdnydH$ dmT>sg bmJm`bm hds. _m[hVsMs Xod
- Kod gJUH$ - BQ>aZoQ> - B-_ob - do~gmBQ>
`m`m
_m`_mVyZ A`
JWmb`m`m
So>Q>m~og_YyZ, gJhmVyZ CnbY H$$Z dmMH$mZm
m`bm hds. dmMH$mgmR>s gd JWmb`mMm Union
Catalogue CnbY hmdm. gd JWmb`o [_iyZ

EH$M JWmb` Aes {WVs dmMH$m`m [hVm`m

Q>sZo hm`bm hds. VgoM, e`Vmo `oH$
JWmb`mV dmMH$mgmR>s gJUH$ A`m[gH$m d
[H$_mZ 1 gJUH$ BQ>aZoQ> H$ZoeZgh CnbY
hdm.
_[hbm d `oR> ZmJ[aH$mgmR>s
dmMZgodm [d^mJ hdm
AmO Xyada Pmbo`m [ejU gmam_wio
gm_m[OH$ A[^gaU _moR>m _mUmda Pmbobo
Amho. _[hbm AmO gdM jomV AmKmS>sda AmhoV.
H$moU`mhs jomV `m H$_s nS>V ZmhsV. AmnU
AmVm 50% AmajU Wm[ZH$ gWm_`o XoV
AmhmoV. `m`mgmR>s [d[dY _m[hVsgodm
JWmb`mZs nwadm`bm h`mV. Ogo J^gH$ma,
~mbgJmonZ, nmH$H$bm, JhgOmdQ>, ZmoH$ar `dgm`[df`H$ _m[hVs, _[hbm[df`H$ H$m`Xo B.
JWmb`mZs CnbY H$$Z m`bm hdoV.
`oR> ZmJ[aH$mgmR>shs dmMZgodm [d^mJ
`oR> ZmJ[aH$mgmR>shs JWmb`mZs godm XoUo
Cn`w$ R>aUma Amho. `mZs `m`m nyd Am`w`mV
`m`m H$m`jomV [Xbo`m `moJXmZm`m
AZw^dmMm I{OZm AgVmo. `mMm bm^
JWmb`m_m\$V BVamZmhs H$$Z XoVm `oBb Ago
CnH$_ Am`moOyZ Cn`moJ H$$Z `mdm.
AnJ - AY/_yH$-~{Ya U/H$mamJhdmgs
`m`mgmR>s dmMZgodm [d^mJ
AnJ-AY/ _yH$-~{Ya U/ H$mamJhdmgs
`mZmhs JWmb`sZ godmMm bm^ {imdm `mgmR>r
`mZm dm `m`m gWobm bmJUmao JW d
_m[hVsgodm JWmb`mZs mdr.
gnH$ : 8976361321
gMmbH$, JWmb` gMmbZmb`,
_hmamQ> am` ZJa ^dZ, _w~B - 400 023.

eog[nAaMs gdm}m_ ZmQ>Ho$

1. Hamlet
2. King Lear
3. Othello
4. Antony and
Cleopatra
5. Macbeth
6. Merchant of
Venice
7. Henry IV

8. As You Like
It
9. Winters Tale
10. Romeo &
Juliet
11. Midsummer
Nights Dream
12. Twelfth Night
13. Tempest

AmnU ho boIH$
dmMboV H$m ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Homer
Dante
Cervantes
Shakespeare
Goethe

OyZ-Owb 2011

123

_mPs AmdS>Vs nwVHo$...

kmZodar
_mPo g`mMo `moJ
_`wO`
ls_mZ `moJs
Am_Mm ~mn AZ Amhs
[S>H$dar Am\$ B[S>`m
gmsMo dmao
~[hUm~mBMs JmUs
EH$M `mbm
`m_Ms AmB

- _hmm JmYs
- [edmOs gmdV
- aU[OV XogmB
- Za| OmYd
- n. Odmhabmb Zoh$
- `edVamd MhmU
- ~[hUm~mB MmYar m. [V^mVmB nmQ>rb
amQ>nVs
- am_ JUoe JS>H$ar
- gmZo JwOs

{dbmgamd XoewI H|$r` Jm{dH$mg r

lr. Ho$. eH$aZmam`UZ - m. am`nmb

Through the Corridors of Power
(Malayalam version)

- Dr. P C Alexander

Pearls of Wisdom

- Swami Vivekananda

^maVmMm emoY

- n. Zoh$

`$s Am[U ds - nw.b. XoenmSo>

``m[V

- [d.g. ImSo>H$a

gbm_

- _Joe nmS>JmdH$a

Universal Message of Bhagvad Gita

- Swami Ranganathananda

ls_mZ `moJs

- aU[OV XogmB

[demIm

- Hw$gwmJO

Raagam Neelambari

- Kamla Das (Malayalam)

Haimavatha Bhoovil, Malayalam travelogue

- M P Veerendra Kumar

dm_s

- aU[OV XogmB

aJ _mPm doJim

- gwaoe ^Q>

Tatvamasi

- Sukumar Azhikode

_`wO`

- [edmOs gmdV

nm[ZnV

- [ddmg nmQ>sb

The Story of My Experiements with Truth

- Mahatma Gandhi

{edmOramd XoewI

g^mnVs, [dYmZ n[afX

PmS>mPS>Vs
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
Vm`m Q>mono
N>mdm
- [edmOs gmdV
ls_mZ `moJs
- aU[OV XogmB
amOm [edN>nVs
- ~m~mgmho~ nwaXao
ZmPs ^_mgwamMm CX`mV - [d.J. H$m[ZQ>H$a
^maVs` B[VhmgmVsb ghm gmoZoar nmZo- [d.Xm. gmdaH$a
Am[U S>JZ OmJm Pmbm
- AU gmYy
_mP bS>Z
- _sZm ^y
Diary of Anne Frank

-Anne Frank

Thoughts on Pakistan -Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar

dgV S>mdIao- Cng^mnVs, [dYmZ n[afX

`m_Ms AmB
JrVmB
AmR>dUs
XsnV^
_s Agm KS>bmo
_mPs OsdZJmWm
Zmnmg _wbmMs JmoQ>
dsO hUmbs YaVsbm

124 OyZ-Owb 2011

- gmZo JwOs
- [dZmo~m ^mdo
- _moX ZdbH$a
- m. [edmOsamd ^mogbo
- AmMm` Ao
- ~moYZH$ma R>mH$ao
- AU eodVo
- [d.dm. [eadmS>H$a

{Xbrn digo-nmQ>rb

A`j, [dYmZg^m
gmrMo dmao
`edVamd MhmU
``m{V
{d.g. ImS>oH$a
nm{ZnV
{ddmg nmQ>rb
N>mdm
{edmOr gmdV
ls_mZ `moJs
aU[OV XogmB
X H$ h gmoS> {hO o$amar am~rZ em
X JmS> Am$ mb qWO
AYVr am`
H$hoMo nmUr
.Ho$. Ao
H$UmH$mR>
`edVamd MhmU
~H$a Qy> X nwAa
mohX `wZyg

m. dgV nwaHo$ -Cnm`j, {dYmZg^m

[dmohs VwH$mam_
~is
Cnam
[_Vdm
[demIm
YJ
h_ Vmo _V \$H$sa
[ejm _o H$mVs

- S>m. Am.h. gmiwIo

- [d^mdar [e$aH$a
- b_U _mZo
- Jog
- Hw$gw_mJO
- Cd eoiHo$
- JmonmbXmg [ZaO
- Amoemo

EH$ZmW IS>go

nmSw>aJ \w$S>H$a

[damoYs njZoVm, {dYmZg^m

_wmwO`
-[edmOs gmdV
amOm [edN>nVs
- ~m~mgmho~ nwaXao
N>mdm
- [edmOs gmdV
``m[V
- [d.g. ImSo>H$a
amOo g^mOs
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
`$s Am[U ds
- nw.b. XoenmSo>
AmnU gmao ^mD$ ^mD$ - gmZo JwOs
`m_Ms AmB
- gmZo JwOs
_oar H$[dVm`|
- AQ>b[~hmar dmOno`s
ApZnI
- S>m. AXwb H$bm_

[damoYs njZoVo, [dYmZ n[afX

_`wO`
- [edmOs gmdV
`wMa Am\$ B[S>`m - [~_b OmbmZ
_oar 51 H$[dVm`o - AQ>b[~hmar dmOno`s
dmimMm _im
- am_ eodmiH$a
_hmZm`H$
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
dXoes
- [~Xy _mYd

Zmam`U amUo

CmoJ r
gmsMo dmao
- `edVamd MhmU
OmJa
- m. [edmOsamd ^mogbo
H$hoMo nmUs
- .Ho$. Ao
[hQ>ba
- [d.g. dm[i~o
_hmZm`H$
- [ddmg nmQ>sb

S>m. nVJamd H$X_

dZo, _XV d nwZdgZ Am[U ^yH$n nwZdgZ _s

`m_Ms AmB
_`wO`
``m[V
nm[ZnV

- gmZo JwOs
- [edmOs gmdV
- [d.g. ImSo>H$a
- [ddmg nmQ>sb

O`V nmQ>sb - Jm{dH$mg _s

N>mdm
ls_mZ `moJs
gmsMo dmao

- [edmOs gmdV
- aU[OV XogmB
- `edVamd MhmU

N>JZ ^wO~i - gmdO{ZH$ ~mYH$m r

_hm_m \w$bo g_J dmL>_` Annihilation of Caste - Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

dam`_mbm d _amR>mMm Am_`k - ZmW_mYd

``m[V
J~Z

- [d.g. ImSo>H$a
- _wes o_MX

Mother

- Maxim Gorky

Ama.Ama. nmQ>rb - Jhr

`mMr AmB
`wO`
H$UmH$mR>
~bwV
JmJrVm
ApVm Am{U qhgmMma

amYmH$U [dIo nmQ>sb

lr. {edmOramd _moKo

{dYr d `m` r

gm_m{OH$ `m` _r

~YZmMo F$U
EH$M `mbm
ApZnI
~moYrgd Am~oS>H$amMo
~w Y {eZ

- am nYmZ
- am JUoe JS>H$ar
- S>m. AXwb H$bm
- `m VmJS>o

The Spirit of India Vol.-I, Vol-II

Indira gandhi Abhinandan Granth
vols. presented to Smt. Indira Gandhi
We the People of India
- Nani palkhivala
Who Moved my Cheese
- Spencer Johnson

EH$ hmoVm H$mha - drUm JdmUH$a

ls_mZ `moJs
- aU[OV XogmB
nm{ZnV
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
_`wO`
- [edmOs gmdV
bT>V
- [edmOs gmdV

amOoe Q>mono C d V[ejU _s

Not for Food Alone

_hgyb _s
EH$ hmoVm H$mha
- drUm JmmUH$a
``m[V
- [d.g. ImSo>H$a
Q>mbQ>m` `mMo OsdZ M[a
Amo~m_m `mMo OsdZ M[a
B[Xam
- Hw$gw_ O`H$a
nm[ZnV
- [ddmg nmQ>rb
aoS> bJ AmZ Mm`Zm
[Xdmis AH$

m. b_U T>mo~io

nmUrnwadR>m d dN>Vm r
ls_mZ `moJs
- aU[OV XogmB
_hmZm`H$
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
emhy Jmad JW
- EZ.S>s. nmQ>sb (gnmXH$)
_m` bmB\$
- [~b {bQ>Z
amoOog BZ [S>go~a - E_.gs. N>mJbm
``m[V
- [d.g. ImSo>H$a
Shantaram

- Gregory David Roberts

- Maluschitra Konusu

Lacocca An Autobiography - Lee Lacocca with

Willam Novak
Corporate Chanakya

- Radhakrishnan Pillai

A Better India, A Better World -N R Narayana Murthy

H$UmH$mR>

~mimgmho~ WmoamV

-gmZo JwOr
-{edmOr gmdV
-`edVamd MhmU
-X`m ndma
-VwH$S>moOr hmamO
-A` goZ

- `edVamd MhmU

~~Zamd nmMnwVo-A[Xdmgs [dH$mg _s

kmZodar
``m[V
nm[Jam
amOm [edN>nVs
Xmg~moY
VwH$mam_JmWm
_s Eg.E_.
dm_s

- gV kmZoda
-[d.g. ImSo>H$a
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
- ~m~mgmho~ nwaXao
- gV am_Xmg
- gV VwH$mam_
- Eg.E_. Omoes
- aU[OV XogmB

OyZ-Owb 2011

125

gwaoe eo>s - dH$s` [ejU _s

The Great Divide India and Pakistan - Ira
Pande
Shah Jahan - The Rise and fall of the Mughal
Emperor - Fergus Nicoll
Glimpses of World History - Jawaharlal Nehru
India - Patrick French
A Journey - Tony Blair
For the Love of a Son : One Afghan Woman"s
quest for Her stolen Child - Jean Sasson
Freedom at Midnight - Dominique La Pierre
The Finkler Question - Howard Jacobson

hgZ _wls\$

H$m_Jma d [deof gmhm` _s

``m[V
- [d.g. ImSo>H$a
nm[ZnV
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
`m_Ms AmB - gmZo JwOs

gO` XodVio

_s, gmH${VH$ H$m`

`m_Ms AmB
- gmZo JwOs
Vw~mS>Mo ImoV
- ls.Zm. n|S>go
nm[ZnV
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
ls_mZ `moJs
- aU[OV XogmB
_`wO`
- [edmOs gmdV

[ZVsZ amD$V amoh`mo d ObgYmaU _s

The Buddha and His Dhamma - Dr. B. R.
Ambedkar
The Annihilation of Caste - Dr. B. R.
Ambedkar
Who Were the Shudras - Dr. B. R.
Ambedkar
The Arctic Home In The Vedas Lokamanya Tilak
Discovery of India - Pandit Jawaharlal
Nehru

eoVH$`mMm AgyS>
\w$bo `mMo g_J dmL>_`

amO| XS>m

embo`{ejU _s
``mVr
`mMr AmB
EH$m {XeoMm emoY

- {d. g. ImS>oH$a
- gmZo Jw$Or
- gXrn dmgboH$a

Imaging India
-Nandan Nilekani
Five Point Someone - Chetan Bhagat

^mH$a OmYd

ZJa{dH$mg am`_s
`m_Ms AmB
- gmZo JwOs
Vw~mS>Mo ImoV
- ls.Zm. n|S>go
nm[ZnV
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
ls_mZ `moJs
- aU[OV XogmB
_`wO`
- [edmOs gmdV

amO| _wiH$ - {dm d {Z`moOZ am`_s

_mPo [dmnsR>
nm[ZnV
[S>H$har Am\$ B[S>`m
[demIm
kmZodar
VwH$mam_ JmWm

- Zmam`U gwd}
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
- n.Odmhabmb Zoh$
- [d.dm. [eadmS>H$a
- gV kmZoda
- gV VwH$mam

Jwbm~amd XodH$a - H$fr am`_s

N>mdm
- [edmOs gmdV
ls_mZ `moJs
- [edmOs gmdV
_mPm gmjmVH$mar X`amoJ - S>m. A^` ~J
nm[ZnV
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
_mPo g`mMo `moJ
- _hm_m JmYs

126 OyZ-Owb 2011

- YZO` H$sa
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
- [edmOs gmdV
- dm.X. Vmo\$ImZo
- Zmam`U gwd}
- [edmOsamd ^mogbo
- [edmOs gmdV
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
- [XZH$a

_YwH$aamd MhmU

g[MZ A[ha

Jh[Z_mU am`_s
gmVm CmamMs H$hmUs - J.. YmZ
_yR>^a _mVr
- OZmXZ dmK_mao
_s Agm KS>bmo
- S>m. ^mbM _wUJoH$a
_m`m d[S>bmMo dZ - ~amH$ Amo~m_m
[^ Am[U ~
- H$[dVm _hmOZ

- _hm_m \w$bo
- `.[X. \$S>Ho$

S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a

`mMo AVaJ
nm[ZnV
_`wO`
amOfu N>nVs emhy
`mMo AVaJ
_mPo [dmnsR>
XsnV^
N>mdm
_hmZm`H$
gH$Vs Ho$ Mma A`m`

newgdYZ, XwY[dH$mg d _``dgm` _s

amOm [edN>nVs
- ~m~mgmho~ nwaXao
S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a
`mMo M[a
- YZO` H$sa
``m[V
- [d.g. ImSo>H$a
gmsMo dmao
- `edVamd MhmU
\w$bo `mMo g_J dmL>_` - `.[X. \$S>Ho$
amOfu ls emhy N>nVs
`mMo AVaJ
- `.X. Vmo\$ImZo
H$UmH$mR>
- `edVamd MhmU
eoVH$`mMm AgyS>
- Omo[V~m \w$bo

H$me gmoiHo$

hgwb d ghH$ma am`_s

gmsMo dmao
- `edVamd MhmU
PmS>mPS>Vs
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
dm_s
- aU[OV XogmB
ls_mZ `moJs
- aU[OV XogmB
``m[V
- [d.g. ImSo>H$a
Imagining India

m. \$m[O`m ImZ

gm_m` emgZ, _m[hVr d OZgnH$ am`_s

Pride and Prejudice - Jane Austen
David Copperfield

- Charles Dickens

Wuthering Heights

- Emily Bronte

War and Peace

- Leo Tolstoy

The Guide

- R. K. Narayan

The Kite Runner

- Khaled Hosseini

Wings Of Fire

- A.P. J. Abdul Kalam

Gulliver's Travels

- Jonathan Swift

- Nandan Nilekani

amOo Jm[dV

Am[Xdmgs [dH$mg am`_s

_s Am[U _mPm ~mn - S>m. Za| OmYd
``m{V
- [d.g. ImSo>H$a
`wJYa
- [edmOs gmdV
ls_mZ `moJs
- aU{OV XogmB
ew nydu H$moU hmoVo? - S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a
~bwV
- X`m ndma
Cnam
- b_U _mZo
H$mohmQ>mM nmoa
- S>m. [H$emoa emVm~mB H$mio
nmJsam
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
Oohm _s OmV Mmoabs hmoVs - ~m~wamd ~mJwb

AmZX Hw$bH$Uu

aZmH$a Jm`H$dmS>

YmZ g[Md, gmH$[VH$ H$m` d n`Q>Z

_m. _w` g[Md

Discovery of India
My Experiments with Truth
Essays On The Gita
The Six Systems Of Indian Philosophy
The Buddha and His Dhamma

- Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

- Mahatma Gandhi
- Aurobindo Ghosh
- Prof. Max Muller
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

C_oeM gaJs

Ana _w` g[Md, Jh

History of Man - L. ron Hubbard

drU Xs{jV

: Will Durant
: Arnold Toynbee
: Arnold Hauser
: Johann Goethe
: Johann Goethe

``m[V
_`wO`
g`mMo `moJ
H$hoMo nmUs
H$UmH$mR>

: [d.g. ImSo>H$a
: [edmOs gmdV
: _hm_m JmYs
: AmMm` Ao
: `edVamd MhmU

ZXHw$_ma Oo

YmZ g[Md, Jh ([deof)

Cf:H$mb
~Q>mQ>mMs Mmi
amOm [edN>nVs
VwH$mam_ JmWm
Xmg~moY
H$hoMo nmUs

The Story of Civilization

A Study of History
The Social History of Art
Faust
The Sorrows of Young Werther

- h.Zm. AmnQo>
- nw.b. XoenmSo>
- ~m~mgmho~ nwaXao
- gV VwH$mam_
- gW amXmg dmr
- .Ho$. Ao

`$s Am{U ds
Agm _s Agm _s
nmUH$im
XmbV
``m[V
ls_mZ `moJs, dm_s

dgm Zm`a

- nw.b. XoenmSo>
- nw.b. XoenmSo>
- a.dm. [XKo
- Zm.gs. \$S>Ho$
- [d.g. ImSo>H$a
- aU[OV XogmB

``m[V
_`wO`
~Q>mQ>mMs Mmi

- [d.g. ImSo>H$a
- [edmOs gmdV
- Shiv Khera
- nw.b. XoenmSo>

Papillon
Alchemist

- Henri Charriere
- Paulo Coelho

You Can Win

YmZ g[Md, amo.h.`mo. d O.g.

Jeeves - P.G. Wodehouse

Fountainhead
- Ayn Rand
The Monk Who
Sold His Ferrari - Robin Sharma
Nicholas Nickleby - Charles Dickens
The Adventure of
Sherlock Holmes - Arthur Conan Doyle

`wJmV
{VWk XeZ
Hindu Society
An Interpretation
Doctor Zhivago
Mans Search for
Meaning

- BamdVs H$d}
- [dZmo~m ^mdo
- Irawati Karve
- Boris Pasternak

[_qbX hgH$a

g[Md, d{H$` {ejU d AmfYr `o

qnJimdoi
- Os.E. Hw$bH$Uu
H$mogbm
- ^mbM Zo_mSo>
- Harper Lee
- Franz Kafka
- Gabriel Garcia Marquez
- Eckhart Tolle

Empire
Ascent of Money
Two States

- Naill Ferguson
- Naill Ferguson
- Chetan Bhagat

^yfU JJamUs

YmZ g[Md, _[hbm d ~mb [dH$mg

-Jane Austin
- Paramahansa Yogananda
- Charles Bronte
- Neale Donald Walsch
- Eckhart Tolle
- Richard Bach
- Nevil Shute
- Agatha Christhie

S>m. a_oeM gmJa

YmZ g[Md, A[Xdmgs [dH$mg

- Victor Frakel

dXZm H$Um

To kill a mockingbird
The Castle
Hundred years of solitude
Power of Now

g[Md (nXw_)

hr. [JaramO

(n`mdaU g[Md)

Pride and Prejudice

An Autobiography of a Yogi
Jane Eyre
Conversations with God
The Power of Now
Illusions
A Town like Alice
Death on the Nile

A[Zb [S>JsH$a

g[Md, gm[d

g[Md, Amamo` [d^mJ

H$mOi_m`m
~mamo_mg
_`wO`
Jmob[nR>m
[ZnU djmda ^a Xwnmar

- Os.E. Hw$bH$Uu
- gXmZX Xoe_wI
- [edmOs gmdV
- Zm_Xod T>gmi
- h._mo. _amRo>

Lord of The Flies

- William Golding

Clash of Civilizations
Remaking of World Order
The World-Hot, Flat and
Crowded
Manufacturing Consent
Discovery of India

- Samuel Huttington
- Thomas Friedman
- Noam chomsky and Herman
- Pandit Jawarlal Nehru

OyZ-Owb 2011

127

~bXodqgh

YZO` YdS>

g[Md - A, ZmJar nwadR>m d JmhH$ gajU

The Fountainhead
A Farewell to Arms
Fidel And Che
The World is Flat
Stakes and Desperate
men six condensed Books

g[Md - gmd[ZH$ ~mYH$m_ [d^mJ

- Ayn Rand
- Ernest Hemingway
- Simon Reid-Henry
-Thomas L. Friedmanhigh

`moJs H$Wm_V

- na_hg `moJmZX

The Swam With Sharks

For An Ice Cream
- Dhaval Bhatia
The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari - Robin Sharma
Oh, Mind! Relax Please
- Swami Sukhbodhanand
Mans Eternal Quest
- Paramahansa Yogananda

- Readers Digest

Q>s.E\$. Woo$H$am

Oo. H$o$. ~m{R>`m

lsH$mV XoenmSo>

Ana _w` g[Md, Ang`mH$ [dH$mg

Ana w` g[Md, gmdO{ZH$ Amamo`

Discovery of India - pamdit Nehru
The Prince
- Niccolo
Machiavelli
Love Story
- Erich Segal
Three Musketeers - Alexandre Dumas
premchand ki sarvashreshta kahaniya

EH$ZmW nmQ>sb>

Of Human Bondage
The Good Earth
Doctor Zhivago
Malgudi Days
Jane Eyre
Geetanjali
David Copperfield
Animal Farm

g{Md, boIm d H$mofmJmao

-Somerset Maugham
- Pearl Buck
- Boris Pasternak
- R.K. Narayan
- Charlotte Bronte
- Ravindranath Tagore
- Charles Dicken
- George Orwell

Form Third World to

The Final, Success
Story of Saigon
- Lynn Mcconne
The World is Flat
- Thomas
Fridmaon

nm[ZnV
^maV Am[U OJ
AHo$[_Q>

- [ddmg nmQ>sb
- JmoqdX VidbH$a
- nmdbmo H$moEbmo

g[Md ObgnXm

ls_mZ `moJs
dm_s
``m[V
_`wO`
PmS>mPS>Vs
N>mdm
amOm [edN>nVs
XmoZ T>J

- aU[OV XogmB
- aU[OV XogmB
- [d.g. ImSo>H$a
- [edmOs gmdV
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
- [edmOs gmdV
- ~m~mgmho~ nwaXao
- [d.g. ImSo>H$a

Ho$.ns. ~js

YmZ g[Md, gm[d

`m_Ms AmB
- gmZo JwOs
_mZgamoda gnyU
- o_MX
amo[_bm Wmna
- [hQ>s ~wg
am_m`U, _hm^maV, AJmWm [Vs `m`m H$mX~`m

mO$m bdJmao

(_w` g[Mdm`m g[Md)

~m~m Am_Qo> `mMo gm[h`
_`wO`
AmQ>mo~m`Jm\$s Am\$ `moJs
So>hsS> H$mna[\$S>

- [edmOs gmdV
- na_hg
- Mmg [S>H$g

One Hundread Years of Solitude

- Gabriel Garcia Marquez

128 OyZ-Owb 2011

[dO` ZmhQ>m

hmgMmbH$, m{hVr d OZgnH$

Am_Mm ~mn AZ Amhs
ZmM J Kw_m
nmJsam
N>mdm
PmS>mPS>Vs
XmbV
ZmPs ^_mgwamMm CX`mV
~bwV
EH$ hmoVm H$mha
gmsMo dmao

- S>m. Za| OmYd

- _mYds XogmB
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
- aU[OV XogmB
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
- Zm.gs. \$S>Ho$
- [d.J. H$mZoQ>H$a
- X`m ndma
- dsUm JdmUH$a
- `edVamd MhmU

ZrbH$R> ImS>rbH$a

(AJboImMo ~mXehm)

kmZodar
gV VwH$mammMr JmWm
`mMr AmB
- gmZo JwOr
ZmQ>mMm` ImS>rbH$a aUr
~h$nr
- qMVmUamd H$moQ>H$a
Q>mdg
- ZrbH$R ImS>rbH$a
`wO`
- {edmOr gmdV
ehoZehm
- Zm.g. BZmXma
~Q>mQ>mMr Mmi - nw.b. XoenmS>o
{dlY emaXm> -

AmhmX JmoS>~mobo

X. hma
Aa`H$
- [_qbX dmQ>do
boUs _hmamQ>mMs - XmD$X Xids
~Ia EH$m amOmMs - `.[d. gaXoe_wI
ls[d>b EH$ _hmg_d` - am.[M. To>ao
amaJT>mJ
- ^mH$a noT>maH$a
_wIdQ>m
- AU gmYy
_mUXoes _mUg - `H$Qo>e _mS>JyiH$a
JJm Vo H$mdoar
- S>m. e.^m. ~o
Jm[b~
- goVy _mYdamd nJS>s
S>m|Ja`mm
- AZV nmiXo
dmZW
- JUoe Xods
[d_Vs
- AUm To>ao
EH$_
- [_[bX ~mo[H$b
Hw$jo
- gw~moY OmdSo>H$a

_wHw$X gJmoam_ - X. bmoH$gmm-nwUo

[nJimdoi
Amho _Zmoha Var
`mgnd
PmS>mPS>Vs
bmoH$_m` Vo _hm_m
Hw$h
`$s Am[U ds
gm[ds
OmJa
nmWo`
ZjmMo XoUo

- Os.E. Hw$bH$Uu
- gwZsVm XoenmSo>
- XwJm ^mJdV
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
- gXmZX _moao
- H$[dVm _hmOZ
- nw.b. XoenmSo>
- nw.[e. aoJo
- Zaha Hw$$XH$a
- Hw$gw_mJO
- AmaVs ^y

gO` amD$V

X. gm_Zm
[mhmgZ
H$hoMo nmUs
_s Am[U _mPm ~mn
gmao dmgs KS>sMo
_mPs O_Ro>n
nm[ZnV
g`mMo `moJ
_mPs OsdZJmWm
JmobnrR>m
JsVmB

[Jare Hw$~oa - X. bmoH$gmm

- AU gmYy
- AmMm` Ao
- Za| OmYd
- O`dV Xids
- [d.Xm. gmdaH$a
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
- _hm_m JmYs
- ~moYZH$ma R>mH$ao
- Zm_Xod T>gmi
- [dZmo~m ^mdo

Xmg~moY
- g_W am_Xmg dm_s
bmoH$_m` [Q>iH$ g_J dmL>_`
H$hoMo nmUs Am[U g_J Ao - .Ho$. Ao
_hmamQ> gH$Vr
- nw.J. gh~wo
^maVs` [ddmh gWoMm B[Vhmg - [d.H$m. amOdmSo>
`mgnd Am[U g_J XwJm~mB
- XwJm ^mJdV
OmJa Am[U g_J Hw$XH$a
- Zaha Hw$XH$a
AJboI, dmMVm dmMVm, gmmVa
Am[U ZdamoOs Vo Zoh$
- Jmo[dX VidbH$a
`H$Qo>e _mS>JwiH$a Am[U J.[X._m.Mo gd J boIZ

n^yfU XoenmSo> - X. gH$mi

[dZm`H$ nmwS>H$a - X. Zde$s

[X`Mjy
- a_Ubmb d. XogmB
gmVgH$ oMmisg
- [H$aU ZJaH$a
Cmaam
- am` [H$UsH$a
gmVm CmamMs H$hmUs
- J.. YmZ
Vo$Amo Am[U H$mhs Xyan`V - Jmar XoenmSo>
g`m_ nwfmMs bjUo - Jog
Agwa|
- Zm.~m. aU[gJ
[VnYu
- [H$aU ZJaH$a
H$i
- `m_ _Zmoha
gmo`m`m YwamMo R>gHo$
- S>m. Cdbm Xids
_s A~Q> E[bg
- S>m. AObs Omoes

[H$_`mJma
- A`wV JmoS>~mobo
_s H$gm Pmbmo?
- .Ho$.Ao
gbm_
- Hw$gw_mJO
H$Um [ejUmMm
- [d.[d. [MniyUH$a
EodO
- AU eodVo
`mZs KS>db ghH$ - gwhmg Hw$bH$Uu
Mbm OJ ~Xby `m
- [Jare OmImo[Q>`m
bmoH$_m` Vo _hm_m - S>m. gXmZX _moao
S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a - YZO` H$sa
dmV`dsa gmdaH$a - YZO` H$sa

ZdZsV XoenmSo> - X. gH$mi, nwUo

[XZH$a am`H$a - X.bmoH$V

EJma
~mobJmUs
Mohao
AnydmB
gmo`ao gH$i
_w~B [XZmH$
[S>H$har Am\$ B[S>`m
qdO Am\$ \$m`a
X JmS>\$mXa
\$m_ nmhQ>u Qy> nmda

- gwaoe ^Q>
- _Joe nmS>JmdH$a
- JmV_ amOm`j
- nw. b. XoenmSo>
- gwZsVm~mB XoenmSo>
- A$U gmYy
- n. Odmhabmb Zoh$
- E. ns.Oo.AXwb H$bm_
- _m[aAmo nwPmo
- S>H$Z JsZ

AU Imoao - X. ^mV-nwUo
g`mMo `moJ
- hmm JmYs
Cnam
- b_U _mZo
H$UmH$mR>
- `edVamd MhmU
_oH$g Am\$ _mS>Z B[S>`m - S>m. am_M Jwhm
Am_[ZdoXZ
- Y_mZX H$mog~s
``m[V
- [d.g. ImSo>H$a
B[S>`m AmQ>a JmYs
- S>m. am_M Jwhm

The Future of India - Bimal Jalan

``m[V
`$s Am[U ds
dfmd
H$hoMo nmUs
AmYw[ZH$ ^maV
MM~ob
qnJimdoi
H$mogbm

- [d.g. ImSo>H$a
- nw.b. XoenmSo>
- nw.^m. ^mdo
- .Ho$. Ao
- AmMm` OmdSo>H$a
- Jog
- Os.E. Hw$bH$Uu
- ^mbM Zo_mSo>

EH$ hmoVm H$mha

- drUm JdmUH$a
_hm_m \w$bo g_J dmL>_`
Am~oS>H$a
- Z[bZs n[S>V
AZWmMs \w$bo
- e[eH$bm OmYd
adtZmW : VsZ `m`mZo
- nw.b. XoenmSo>
_m` [dHo$S> [dHo$S> doO - Eamb {bZ
[ZYma Vo bmoH$gmm
- _mYd JS>H$ar
Bno[aAa Am\$ Amb _ob[S>O
~m`moJm\$s Am\$ H$ga - [gmW _wIOu

OyZ-Owb 2011

129

AZwf mboH$a - raa, nwUo

JOmZZ {ZXod - X. VU ^maV, ZmJnya
Amho H$manmoaoQ> Var
JJm
gm`Q>r{$H$ B{S>`Z
^maV Am{U OJ
dZ ZmBQ> AQ>
X H$mb goQ>a

- gO` ^mH$a Omoer

- `w{b`Z H$S>m hm{bH$
- S>m. AXwb H$bm
- JmoqdX VidbH$a
- MoVZ ^JV

gwaoe mXerdma - X. bmoH$V, ZmJnya

hm^maV
X bmQ> Bo$eZ
OmJa
{hQ>r Am$
{gphbm`PoeZ
qhXr dam`

- `mg
- {ZH$mg H$mPrZ
- Zaha H$XH$a
- {db S>w>amQ>
- hmm JmYr

A Short History of the World

A Bend in the River
In Cold Blood
True History of the Kelly Gang
Savaging the Civlised
An End to Suffering
Vanprastha
Vyaktighadatar (Gujarati)
Cry, the Beloved Country
The Granta Book
of Reportage

- H.G. Wells
- V.S. Naipaul
- Truman Capote
- Peter Carey
- Ramchandra Guha
- Pankaj Mishra
- Ganesh Devy
- Father Valles
- Alan Paton

H$UmH$mR>

- `edVamd MhmU

- Edited by lan jack

OJmVsb [dH$_s InmMr nwVHo$

O

JmVsb gdm[YH$ InmMo nwVH$ Amho

Mmbg [S>H$g `mMo "E Qo>b Am\$ Qy>
[gQ>sO' AmVmn`V 20 H$moQ>tnojm
OmV Vs Inbobo BJOs ^mfoVsb ho nwVH$
1859 gmbs W_ [g Pmbo. VohmnmgyZ
Amnbm Adb H$_mH$ `m nwVH$mZo gmV`mZo
amIbm Amho. gwQ> Am[U Q> dms `m`mVsb
PJS>m Am[U o_ VgoM `mJ `mMs _hVs `$
H$a`mgmR>s [b[hbobo ho nwVH$ AmOhs Am~mbd
AmdS>sZo dmMVmV.
gmo~V`m `mXsd$Z Ago [XgyZ `oBb H$s BJOs
hs [dddmUs AgyZ, OJmg_moa Om`Mo Ag`mg
[V`mIoarO n`m` Zmhs. BJOsIoarO A`
^mfm_Ysb nwVHo$hs VS>mIo~X Inbs, naVw `mMo
^mfmVa BJOsV Pm`mZVa. `mVsb "S>s_ Am\$ X
aoS> Mo~a' `m [MZs nwVH$mMm CoI AmYsM `oD$Z
Jobobm Amho. "AQ>mBZ X g|Q> EHw$noar' `m \o$M
boIH$mMs bmoH$[` H$mX~ar "X [b[Q>b [g'
BJOsV Am`mZVa [VMm In AmR> H$moQ>s Vtda
Jobm. nmb H$moEhmo `mZo _yi nmoVwJsO_`o
[b[hbobo "X AHo$[_Q>' ho nwVH$ BJOsV `oVmM
`mMm ~mob~mbm Pmbm. Jo`m 20 dfmV `m`m
gmSo>ghm H$moQ>s Vs In`m AmhoV. O_Z ^mfoVsb
"hoS>sO B`g Am\$ dmS>[aJ AS> b[ZJ' ho OmoAmZm
nm`arMo nwVH$ 1880 gmbs W_ [g
Pm`mZVa BJOsV Ambo Am[U `mMm In nmM
H$moQ>tda Jobm. Oo.S>s. gm[bOa `m m_w`mZo
g_mOmnmgyZ Xya Am[U [gsnamL>_wI Agbo`m
boIH$mMo "X H$Ma BZ X am`' ho nwVH$ 1951
gmbs W_ [g Pmbo Am[U [dbjU dmMH$m`m
J`mVsb VmBV ~ZyZ am[hbo Vo AmOVmJm`V.
`mMmhs In gmSo>ghm H$moQ>s`m KamV Amho.

130 OyZ-Owb 2011

BQ>m[b`Z ^mfoVsb "X Zo_ Am\$ X amoP' ho C~Vm}

CH$mo `mMo 1980_`o [g Pmbobo nwVH$
_hmInm`m nwVH$m`m `mXsV AmT>iVo. `mMmhs
In nmM H$moQ>tda Jobobm Amho. a[e`Z boIH$
[ZH$mobm` AmQ>mH$s `mMo 1932_Ysb "hmD$ X
Q>sb dmO Qo>nS>' ho a[e`Z ^mfoVsb nwVH$
VH$mbsZ gmo{hEV gK am`mV VsZ H$moQ>tda

[Xbsn Mmdao
In`mMs Zm|X Amho. _m, [H$Vs dmMH$mZs Vo
dIwesZo KoVbo Agob Agm Z _ZmV `oVmo.
`oWo H$mhs OJ[g nwVH$mMm CoI H$aUo
Amd`H$ Amho. [bAmo Q>mbQ>m``m "dma AS>
nsg' `m _hmH$mX~arMo _yi a[e`Z $n 1869

nwVH$
E Qo>b Am\$ Qy> [gQ>sO
X bmS> Am\$ X [aO
X hm[~Q>
S>s_ Am\$ X aoS> Mo~a
AS> XoZ XoAa doAa ZZ

gmbs [g Pmbo. `m a[e`Z AmdmsMm In

gmSo>VsZ H$moQ>tnojm OmV Amho. "X S>m`ar Am\$ AZ
\$H$' `m _yi S>M_Ysb Am[U BJOsV ^mfmV[aV
Am_H$WZm`m VsZ H$moQ>s Vs In`m AmhoV.
"JmZ [dW X [dS>' (1936) "Ho$Z AS> E~b'
(1979) Aem nwVH$mMm In VodT>mM Amho.
J[~Eb Jm[P`m _mH}$O `m`m "dZ hS>oS> B`g
Am\$ gm[bQ>yS' `m _yi n[Ze_Ysb H$mX~arMm
In 1967 nmgyZ AmVmn`V gw_mao VsZ H$moQ>s EdT>m
Amho. ^maVmVsb H$moU`mhs ^mfoVsb nwVH$mMm
_hmInm`m `mXsV g_mdoe Zmhs. `mMm AW Agm
Zho H$s, `mZm `m `mXsV WmZ Zmhs. H$moU`mhs
JmoQ>sMs nVesa Zm|X Z Ro>dUo Am[U OmJ[VH$
~mOmanoRo>~b CXmgsZ amhUo hs Amnbs dms
`mgmR>r H$maUs^yV Amho.

boIH$
W_ H$meZ
Mmg [S>H$g
1859
Oo.Ama.Ama. Q>mob[H$Z 1954-55
Oo.Ama.Ama. Q>mob[H$Z 1937
H$mAmo PwH$sZ
1759-91
AJmWm [Q>s
1939
OJmVsb gdm[YH$ Inm`m nwVH$ _m[bH$m
har nmQ>a (7 ^mJ)
Oo.Ho$. amo[bJ
1997-2007
JyO~ng (62 ^mJ)
Ama.Eb. Q>mBZ
1992-2010
noar _ogZ (82 nwVHo$)
Ab Q>bo JmS>Za
1933-1970
~oaoQo>Z ~oAg (300 ^mJ)
Q>Z Am[U OZ ~oaoQo>Z 1962-2010
MyP `wda AmoZ AS>h|Ma (185^mJ) [d[dY boIH$
1979-1998

gnH$ : 9867557327
B-ob : patrakar@hotmail.com

AXmOo Im
20 H$moQ>s
15 H$moQ>s
10 H$moQ>s
10 H$moQ>s
10 H$moQ>s
40 H$moQ>s
35 H$moQ>s
30 H$moQ>s
26 H$moQ>s
25 H$moQ>s

__~YmVbs Ro>d...

dmMZmMs AmdS> bhmZnUsM Obs. KamVb

dmVmdaU H$bm, gJsVmbm Iyn AZwHy$b hmoV.
Amhs ^mdS> d[S>bm_wio dmMZ Am[U
nmR>mVamH$So> dibmo. aoH$m[S>J_`o [H$Vshs `V
Agbo Varhs dmMZmMs gd` _mJo nS>bs Zmhs ho
[deof. aoH$m[S>J H$$Z Kar Ambo AZ OodU
Pmb H$s am^a nwVH$ dmMm`M
Ag Va nwH$i doim Pmb`. doi [_iob Vg dmMm`M.
dmMm`bm KoVbob nwVH$ AYdQ> gmoS>m`M Zmhs Agm _mPm
[Z`_ Amho. [Xdmis AH$ hUOo dmMZmMs b`byQ>. "_mO', "hg',
"_mo[hZs', "Zdb', "_mUyg', "[H$bm}H$a', "gwJY' ho _mPo AmdS>sMo [Xdmis
AH$.
nwVH$ _mUgmbm g_ H$aVmV. Am`w` g_O`mg JWmMs _XV hmoVo.
JW OJ`mM ~i XoVmV, OJ`mMm AW g_OmdyZ gmJVmV Ag _s _mZVo.
nwVH$mMs _s A~m[YV AgVo. AZ Vs [MaH$mb [Q>H$Vo. `mZm AmnU
"bm[gg' (Classics) hUVmo Aem loR> JWmMs gmW _bm Am`w`^a
bm^bs`o; naVw, ~m~wamd AZmiH$am`m ah`H$Wmhs _bm Iyn AmdS>`m.
H$mim nhmS>, YZO` Am[U N>moQy> `m AZmiH$am`m `{$aoImZs EHo$ H$mis
_Zmbm Iyn ^wai KmVbs hmoVs ho _s AmZXmZo _m` H$aVo. dmMZ hUOo
H$mhsVar J^sa Am[U ^`H$a j JmoQ> Amho Ag _s _mZV Zmhs. EImm

JboJ> JWamOmbm Oo gmJVm `oUma Zmhs Vo Am`w`mM MaMarV g` EImm

bmoH$H$WoV [H$dm ~moYH$WoV gmnS>V. hUyZ "MmXmo~m'hs _bm [` hmoVm.
^maV hm [d[dYVoZ ZQ>bobm Xoe Amho. Amn`mH$So> OodT>s \w$b VodT>m ^mfm
- ~mobs^mfm AmhoV. _hmamQ>mM CXmhaU `m`M Va H$mohmnya - gmVmam gmJbsH$S>M _amR>s
PUPUsV Am[U R>gHo$~mO. H$mois - AmJar
~mYdmMs dV:Ms doJis ebs. A[hamUs, dhmS>s, _mbdUs, Jmo`mM
H$moH$Us `m ~mobs^mfmM doJi, R>gR>esV gmX`. [Vs Am[U
H$moH$Us _wgb_mZ ~mYdm`m _amR>sMs doJis ebs. Am[Xdmgs
~mYdmMs dV:Ms `mar ebs. hm gJim gmH$[VH$ EodO
AmnU Z`m [nT>sg_moa Ro>dbm nm[hOo. hUs, dmMma, CImUo ho g[MV
AmnU Onb nm[hOo. `mgmR>s ^mfoH$So> [Ohm`mZ, AmWoZ nmhm`bm hd.
_mV^mfoda o_ H$aU `mMm AW BVa ^mfmMm Xwdmg H$aU Agm Zmhs.
`mM_mUo _mV^mfoda o_ H$aU hUOo gHw$[MV mVs`dmXmMm nwaH$ma H$aU
Aghs Zmhs. kmZ - [dkmZ - VkmZmMo dmh OJ^a KoD$Z Om`mM H$m_
BJOs H$aVo`. `m_wio BJOs ^mfm AmnU Am_gmV Ho$bsM nm[hOo. naVw,
_amR>sMs Cnojm AmnU H$$ Z`o. `mM_mUo ^maVmV`m BVa ^mfmMmhs [H$_mZ EH$m ^mfoMm Var AmnU A`mg Ho$bm nm[hOo. H$maU, ^mfm hs
"__~YmVbs Ro>d' Amho. dmMZm`m AmZXmV H$Yshs IS> nSy> Z`o hs
"bmoH$am`'`m Ag` dmMH$mZm _mPs ew^oN>m.
(eXmH$Z : A~are [_l)

bVm _JoeH$a

1. lskmZodar
2. lsVwH$mam_ _hmamOmMs JmWm
3. Cf:H$mb
- h.Zm. AmnQo>
4. amOm [edN>nVs
- ~m~mgmho~ nwaXao
5. dm_s, ls_mZ `moJs - aU[OV XogmB
6. ndZmH$mR>Mm Ym|S>s - Jmo.Zs. XmSo>H$a
7. _mPs O_Ro>n
- dmV`dsa
gmdaH$a

_m`m AmdS>sMs nwVHo$

8. ~Q>mQ>mMs Mmi
- nw.b. XoenmSo>
9. [dXmg, lsH$mV - eaXM M>monm`m`
10. [Z_bm
- o_MX
11. gmHo$V
- _[WbseaU Jw
12. Amgy
- O`eH$a gmX
13. H$mim nhmS>
- ~m~wamd AZmiH$a
14. EH$mV gJsV
- h[adeam` ~Z

15. ZjmMo XoUo

- AmaVs ^y
16. EJma
- gwaoe ^Q>
17. eoa - Amo - gwIZ - CXy aMZmMm gJh
18. [demIm
- Hw$gw_mJO
19. ``mVs
- [d.g. ImSo>H$a
20. H$[dd` ^m.am.Vm~o,
~mbH$ds R>m|~ao,
H$dr ~s `m`m Ag` H$[dVm.

_m`m Zo{UdoMm H$_

AmXaUs` gnmXH$,
EH$Va dmMZmMo gH$ma [H$dm dmL>_`sZ d[hdmQ>s`m dmQo>Zo nwTo>
Ambobm _s gwwXds _mUyg Zmhs.
Hw$R>`mhs gmHo$[VH$, AmIsd-aoIsd doioV _bm _mPm N>moQ>mgm
Osd@@ ~mYyZ Ro>dVmM Ambobm Zmhs. Infact; I was always in search
of an instantaneous immortality in the area of my so called
creativity!

_J, AmmmM, `mM jUs hs Zmdo; hs nwVHo$ _m`mnwTo> Ambobs

AmhoV. (`mZm MS> ^yVH$mi Am[U [X` ^[d`H$mi, H$nm H$$Z OmoSy>
ZH$m. dmV[dH$, ~mhoaMo Hw$R>bohs jonU [H$dm XyfU _m`mV Oo [eaVo
Vo Zo[Udo`m _mJmZoM. Vmn`, AmV-~mhoaMo XmoZ _mJ _m`mH$So> ZmhsV.
`m_wio nwVH$mMm H$_ hm _m`m Zo[UdoMmM H$_ R>aVmo.)
Jog

1. Q>mVnmR>
2. XodXmg
3. Withuring Heights
4. H$~sa
5. Jm[b~
6. AmH$mV H$[dVoVsb VwH$mam_
7. lskmZoda
8. Ana karenina
9. Rilke and the man I met :
_mZd|ZmW am`
10 Above all; Os.E. Hw$bH$Uu `mMo J Am{U JogMo n !

OyZ-Owb 2011

131

JWmZsM KS>db` _bm

`mMm EH$ _moR>m Q>nm nma Ho$`mZVa _s

_m`m AZoH$ ~`m-dmBQ> gd`tH$S>
VQ>WnUo nmh`mMm `Z H$aVmo`. ~a
dmQ>V... H$Ys-H$Ys dV:bm Cgd`mMm
boeXm`H$ Ioihs AmZX_` dmQ>m`bm bmJVmo.
Agmo.
...h, Va _s _m`m dmMZm`m gd`sH$S>hs
AgM nmhm`bm bmJVmo. hs gd` _bm H$m
bmJbs, H$es bmJbs, H$es [Q>Hy$Z am[hbs, `m
gd`sZ _bm g_ Ho$b ho Og Ia, Vg _bm
Am[WH$Q>m H$Jmb Am[U H$O~mOmar ~Zdb
hohs Ia... _s Am`w`^a AZoH$ doim h`mda,
CYmarda nwVH$ KoV Ambmo. EH$m nwVH$mMm hm
gnon`V Xwg`m nwVH$mMm hm V`ma Agm`Mm.
AZoH$ df hm Ioi aJbm hmoVm... AbsH$S> _m
Vmo Wm~bm`... _mPs dV:Ms Am[WH$ {WVs
gwYmabs` Am[U _bm H$mhsVar H$maU H$mTy>Z JW
^oQ> XoUm`m _m`m [_mMs g`mhs dmT>bs`...
gbm_ `m [_mZm Am[U `m AW`dWobmhs!
...h, Va _s `m gd`t[df`s ~mobV hmoVmo. _s
Aem `dWoV O_mbm Ambmo, H$s Vs [df_VoZ
~a~Q>bs hmoVs. Xw:I, Xm[a, ^yH$, AS>mUsnUm
`m gm`m JmoQ>s AmngyH$M _bm [MH$Q>`m
hmo`m-`dWoMm A^o ^mJ ~ZyZ...
Xm[a H$g gndm`M, ^yH$ H$es ^mJdm`Ms
hm gdmV _moR>m Z _m`mg_moa hmoVm... Xw:I
[ZdmaUmMo _mJ _s emoYy bmJbmo... Hw$UsVar
gm[JVb, H$s hm _mJ OmXy-Q>mo`mVyZ, XodXodH$sVyZ, [X`e$sVyZ OmVmo... _s Iyn Ym[_H$
hmoVmo. KamV`m gm`m XodXodVmZm _sM AmKmoi
Kmbm`Mmo... `mZm ^adm`Mmohs. Kw_Um`m ~m`m~mnS>m`m Odinmg ~gm`Mmo. H$YsVar _m`m
Xw:ImMs, ^wHo$Ms \$moS> hmoBb Am[U "Iwb Om
[g_[g_'gmaIm gwImMm _mJ [Xgob, Ag
dmQ>m`M... JS>m-Xmoamhs ~mYm`Mmo... a`md$Z
OmUm`m ~H$`m-_|T>mMs Ho$g CnQy>Z
H$aXmoS>mbm ~mYm`Mmo... `_m-IS>mo~mMm
^S>mam H$nmi^a Agm`Mm... H$Ys-H$Ys bmb
J`mMo gaSo> _m$Z PmS>mImbs nwam`Mmo... S>m`m
nm`mZ I>mV T>H$bm`Mmo... `mda bKds
H$am`Mmo... A_md`m nmhyZ I>m CH$am`bm
Om`Mmo... I>mV ngo V`ma hmoVmV... gmoZZmU V`ma hmoV, Ag gm[JVb Om`M... nU,
_m`m hmVmbm gmnS>m`Ms Vs gaS>mMs hmS>,
H$mQo>... _bm _mP Xm[a `mV [Xgm`M...
^sVs dmQ>m`Ms... Hw$UsVar gm[JVb, "OmXy H$$Z

132 OyZ-Owb 2011

Xw:I gndVm `oV... _s n[h`mXm nwVH$ KoVb Vo

"OmXyMm amjg'... H$mohmnyaOdi Xmm`m
dmS>sVyZ Vo AmUb hmoV... nwZ:nwhm dmMb; OmXy
H$mhs Ambs Zmhs... _J, Hw$UsVar gm[JVb, eZs
_mJ bmJbm, H$s Xm[a `oV "_m`bm Amn`mM
_mJ hm H$m bmJbm?, Agm [dMma H$aV `mbm
hwgH$mdyZ bmd`mgmR>s "e{Z_mhm`' AmUb.
XmoZ Vm`mZs AmKmoi H$$Z "e{Z_mhm`'
nmQ>mda Ro>db Am[U H$mT>b dmMyZ... Xm[a
H$mhs gnZm... Hw$Qw>~mVsb ^mH$arMm Z H$mhs
[_Q>Zm... `m H$mimV _bm nmoQ>^a Ood, Ag Hw$Us
gm[JVb AgV, Va _s hmVmda`m S>PZ^a
^mH$`m Am[U [H$bmo^a _Q>U EH$Q>mZM gndb
AgV... ^wHo$Mm ~H$bmJ gmMV-gmMV Iyn _moR>m
dmT>bm hmoVm...

Cm_ H$m~io
`m gm`m n[a{WVshs AmnU `$ Pmb
nm[hOo Ag _bm dmQ>m`M... nU, `$ H$gm
hmoUma? JmdmV Am[U n[agamV ZmQ>H$ ~Km`Mmo.
V_meo ~Km`Mmo. Xod-XodVmMo [gZo_o ~Km`Mmo.
_bmhs H$mhsVar [bhmd-~mobmd Ag dmQ>m`bm
bmJb... emio`m dhsV Ag H$m`-~m`
[bhm`Mmo. hm`Hy$bbm Jo`mda "Zmam`Uamd
noe`mMm dY' Aes EH$m[H$H$m [bhyZ H$mT>bs.
H$[_H$ nwVH$mVsb YS>md$Z Vs [b[hbs hmoVs.
`m gm`m ^mZJS>tVyZ EH$ JmoQ> bjmV `oV hmoVs
Am[U Vs hUOo `$ hmo`mgmR>s eX bmJVmV
Am[U Vo _m`mH$S> ZhVo... H$moRy>Z AmUm`Mo Vo
H$iV ZhV?... AemVM hm`Hy$bM [ejU
gnb. OmXy`m Am[U ah`_` nwVH$mVM _s
AS>H$bmo hmoVmo... `mVyZ `$ hmoVm `oV ZhV
Am[U H$moUVs e$shs bm^V ZhVs. gmJbsV
_mP H$mboO gw$ Pmb Am[U `$ hmo`mMs
VsdVmhs dmT>V Jobs. _bm Iyn [bhm`M hmoV...
~mobm`M hmoV... nU, Vo H$a`mgmR>s eX [_iV
ZhVo...
H$ZmQ>H$-_hmamQ>-H$ZmQ>H$ Ag H$aV ^mfoMs
dmQ> bmJbs hmoVs... em[V[ZHo$VZ
_hm[dmb`mVsb ^` JWmb` ZOaog_moa Amb
Am[U dmMZmMs EH$ _hmbT>mB gw$ Pmbs. hmVmV
nS>ob Vo dmMm`M R>adb. H$Wm, H$[dVm, ZmQ>H$,
H$mX~`m, g_sjm, dMm[aH$ boIZ,
~mbgm[h`... amoO EH$ nwVH$ dmM`mMm gH$n

Ho$bm. narjm H$mimVhs Vmo nma nmS>bm...

_m`m_`o EH$ AZm[_H$ e$s [Z_mU hmoVo`...
D$O}Mo hOma Pao \w$Q>VmhoV... _mPs CMs dmT>Vo
Amho... OmS>s dmT>Vo Amho Ag H$mhsVar dmQ>m`bm
bmJb... [deof hUOo AdmVa dmMZm_wio _yi
A`mghs gmonm dmQy> bmJbm... JwU MmJbo [_iy
bmJbo... dmMZmMs JmoS>s dmT>V Jobs... ~mhoaJmds
dmgmV OmVmZm nwVH$ Odi Ro>dy bmJbmo...
_og_`o, ~g`m Wm`mda, Eg.Q>s. dmgmV
Mmodsg Vmg nwVH$ KoD$Z [\$$ bmJbmo.
nwVH$mVb gdM dmMV hmoVmo Ag Zmhs; nU,
hmVmV nwVH$ Ag`mZ BOVhs dmT>Vo` Agm
H$mhsVar ^_hs V`ma hm`Mm... Vmo gwIdm`Mm,
EhmZm _s ^mfU H$$ bmJbmo, H$Wm-H$[dVm
[bhy bmJbmo, bmd`mhs [bhy bmJbmo. ho gma
dmMZm_wio KS>V Amho `mMs Ims hmoV hmoVs.
dmMZ dmT>V hmoV. H$mohmnwamV Ambmo. doJdoJ`m
Midites g~Y Ambm. AZoH$ ZmMs Cma
[_iV hmoVs. dmMZ ~XbV Mmbb hmoV. _hm_m
\w$b|M "AIS>' dmMb hmoV...
[do[dZm _Vs Jobs
_Vs[dZm JVs Jobs
JVs[dZm [dm Jobo
[dm[dZm ew IMbo
BVHo$ gmao AZW
EH$m A[doZo Ho$bo.
EH$ JmoQ> nQ> Pmbs Am[U Vs hUOo OmXyQ>mo`mMm dmna H$$Z Xw:I_w$ hmoVm `oV Zmhs, Va
[dm [eHy$ZM _w$ hmoVm `oV. ~m~mgmho~ Va
[ejUmbm dm[KUsM XyY hUmbo hmoVo. \w$bo gmao
dmMyZ H$mT>bo. [_iob VodTo> Am~oS>H$a dmMyZ
H$mT>bo. H$mVs bdH$a hm`bm hds Ag dmQ>V
hmoV. S>m`m`m gm[Z`mV Jo`mZVa gJim
_mg dmMyZ H$mT>bm. g.am. JmS>JsimM
"bmoH$m`V' dmMb. amOdmSo> dmMbm. \$S>Ho$,
ImSo>H$a, Hw$gw_mJO, ~mJwb, IamV, gwd}, AUm
^mD$ Ag ~aM dmMV hmoVmo. Midis`m
gm[Z`mV Jo`m_wio `m [df`mMs nwVH$ O_dyZ
dmMy bmJbmo. emhy _hmamO dmMbo. no[a`ma
dmMbo. "~is' dmMbs. ^Q>`mMs Am[U
X[bVmMs Am_M[a dmMbs. XodXmgs ZmMs
CH$b H$a`mgmR>s XodsH$mof dmMbo-naewam_aoUwH$m nwamU dmMb. bmoH$gm[h`mVhs a_V hmoVmo.
_yi gm[h`mbm VoWyZM IVnmUs [_iV `m[df`s
_bm Ims hmoVs. `m H$mimV a`mda Hw$Us
~m`~b, JsVm \w$H$Q> dmQ>m`M. Vs nwVH$hs _s

dmMbs. am_m`U, _hm^maV dmMb Am[U

`mdaMs Q>rH$mhs dmMbs. "am_m`Umda Zdm
H$me' (^mH$aamd OmYd) "[aS>g Am\$ am_m
Am[U H$Um' (S>m. ~m~mgmho~) dmMbo. H$moUVmhs
[df` ZsQ> g_OyZ `m`Mm Agob Va `m`m
Xmohshr ~mOy dmM`m nm[hOoV, Agm [Z`_ _s
dV:M dV:gmR>s H$$Z KoVbm hmoVm. _Zw_Vs
dmMbs Am[U Vs _hmS>_`o H$m Omibs Jobs
`m_mJMs H$maU_s_mgmhs dmMbs. _. JmYs Va
dmMboM; nU, S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am[U JmYs
`m`mVsb H$bhmMs H$maUhs dmMbs. J.~m.
gaXma `mM ~moYZ H$aUma gm[h` dmMb. am.J.
OmYd, S>m. ^mbM \$S>Ho$ ho Vohm X[bV
gm[h`mMo _moRo> dH$sb hmoVo. `mMs ^y[_H$m
g_OmdyZ KoUma boIZhs dmMb. ^anya dmMZ
hmoV hmoV. `mM H$mimV _bm dV:bm ~`mnH$s
[b[hVm `oD$ bmJb. ~mobVm `oD$ bmJb.
`dWoZ _bm _wH$ ~Zdb hmoV. nwVH$mZ _bm
[b[hV, ~mobV Am[U bT>V Ho$b. _s nwVH$mZm
[_ ~Zdb. JmS>\$mXa ~Zdb. _mJXeH$ ~Zdb.
hiyhiy _s dmMZmMs [ZdS> H$am`bm
bmJbmo. g_mOmV [Z_mU hmoUm`m dbV Zmda
dmMy bmJbmo. B[Vhmg, VdkmZ, g_mOem,
AZwdm[XV gm[h` _mPo AmdS>Vo ~Zy bmJbo,
Y_mZX H$mog~s VH$VsW, eaX nmQ>sb, amdgmho~
H$g~o, ^mH$a ^moio AmXs AZoH$ [dMmadV,
[MVH$ _bm AmdSy> bmJbo, H$mohmnya`m Jmoadbo
H$mboO_Ysb JWmb`mV JW dmMV AgVmZm "hs
nds eofm`m _VH$mda C^s ZgyZ l[_H$m`m

VihmVmda C^s Amho', ho AUm ^mD$M

H$m[VH$mar dm` dmMb Am[U hmX$Z Jobmo. `m
dm`m_wio _bm _m`m VihmVmMm Am[U `mVyZ
\w$Q>Um`m Km_m`m P`mMm Jd dmQ>bm. _s
gJim AUm ^mD$ dmMbm. "S>moio _moS>sV amYm
Mmbo' `m AmJ`mdoJ`m [df`mgh dmMbm.
EhmZm _s ~|o [edam_ H$maW, ~m~m ZmJmOwZ
_hmdoVmXods, Zaoe _ohVm, _w`monm`m` AmXs
AZoH$ A_amR>s boIH$mMm MmhVm Pmbmo hmoVmo.
S>moJamEdT>m, Mmo_m _hma hs H$maWmMs nwVH$
_ZmV Ka H$$Z Jobs. `y.Ama. AZV_yVu `mMs
"gH$ma' hs H$mX~ar S>mo`mda KoD$Z ZmMmd Ag
dmQ>b. "_mg Am[U Am~oS>H$a', "_mZd Am[U
Y_ [MVZ' `m H$g~o `m`m nwVH$mZs Q>s [Xbs.
"bmBS>Zog' `m S>m. ^moio `m`m AZwdm[XV
nwVH$mZ hmXadyZ Q>mH$b hmoV. Zmo~ob qH$dm
kmZnsR> [_imbo`m nwVH$mMo AZwdmX O_dV
hmoVmo. hJa, bH$ bmBH$ _s, X S>mQ>a Am\$ S>mH$,
S>m`ar Am\$ AZ \$H$, X [a~b, _Xa AmXs
AZoH$ nwVH$mZs _m`mda [dbjU n[aUm_ Ho$bm
Amho. _m`m boIZm`m AZoH$ oaUm `m OJ[g
gm[h`mVyZhs [_im`m AmhoV. ~hwVoH$ gmar
nwVHo$ _s [dH$V KoVmo. Am[WH$Q>m H$Jmb
hmoVmo; nU, hs nwVH$ _bm doJim Moham XoVmV.
_mPs OJ`mMs H$maU R>a[d`mgmR>s _XV
H$aVmV. [dMma H$am`bm bmdVmV, [dMma
Vnmgm`bm bmdVmV, [dMma KoD$Z bT>m`bm
bmdVmV. [dkmZH$moe, ^mfmH$moe, n{jH$moe,
g_J gV dmL>_`, _hm^maVmMo, am_m`UmMo gmao

IS> [dH$V KoD$Z gJhs Ro>dbo AmhoV. nwVH$m`m

OJmV _bm Iyn gwa[jV Am[U g_ dmQ>V`...
OmJ[VH$sH$aUmMs [H$`m gw$ Pmbs Am[U
`mdaM gm[h` dmMm`bm bmJbmo, "ES> Am\$
Am`S>mbmOs'nmgyZ "ES> Am\$ gog'n`V AZoH$
JW IaoXs Ho$bo. Zds [H$`m ZsQ> g_OmdyZ KoVbs
d "OmJ[VH$sH$aUmV _mPs H$[dVm' hm _mPm
dV:Mm n[hbmd[hbm H$m`gJh [b[hbm. "PmoV
gm_m[OH$ `m`mda' OmJ[VH$sH$aUmMs A[aQo,
OmJ[VH$sH$aUmV _amR>s H$[dVm ho JW gnm[XV
H$$ eH$bmo. Zd nwVH$ dmMon`V _s dV:
OJmVsb gdmV IwOm Amho Aes ^mdZm dmT>m`bm
bmJVo. nwVH$ dmMb H$s H$mhsVar hmbMmbs
AmV`mAmV KS>m`bm bmJVmV. nwVH$mM doS>
AmVm "doS>' `m AWmZ am[hbob Zmhs, Va `mM
$nmVa _m`m a$noetV Pmb`. OJm`M Va noes
[OdV Agm`m bmJVmV. `m X`mH$S> Om`m
bmJVmV. _m`m nwVH$ dmMZmMhs VgM Amho.
`mZs Va _bm dV:Ms gmdbs XmIdbs...
Am_g_mZm[df`s ^mZ [Xb... [df_
`dWoVhs _s _mUygM Amho `m [df`sMs OmJ Va
AmUbsM; nU, WoQ> _mPm dmg _mUgmH$Sy>Z
_mUgmH$S> Agm gw$ Ho$bm... Cmhs Vmo VgmM
Mmby amhUma Amho. nwVH$m`mM gmo~VsZ...
gnH$ : 9881099143
B-ob : uttam.kamble@esakal.com

{ZR>wa {ZdS>...
Xhm AmdS>`m nwVH$m~b`m Vw_`m gyMZoZVa _s _bm `oUmar BJOs, [hXs,
_moR>mM AS>MUsV gmnS>bmo. XsKH$mi doJdoJ`m Am[U gH$V m na^mfm
[df`m_`o [dmWu Xem Am[U AmOn`V ZmZm [dmb`o, Am[U `m`mM OJmV`m
[dmnsRo> Am[U gemoYZ gWm_`o ZmZm [df` [eH$dmdo JsH$, a[e`Z, n[Ze,
bmJ`m_wio hOmamo nwVHo$ dmMmds bmJbs. `mVyZ _amR>s, \o$M, O_Z AmXr AZoH$
BJOs, ^mfmem Am[U Vmbm[ZH$ A`mg Ago [df`- ^mfm_YyZ ^mfmV[aV
Vohs nXdsnyd H$mod`m [dm`mnmgyZ Vo
Pmbobo Aja JW ~`mMXm _amR>sV`m
mT> gemoYH$mZm g_OVsb Ago ^mbM Zo_mS>o JWmnojm A[YH$ AmdS>VmV, hohs m_m[UH$
[eH$dmdo bmJVmV. MMmg Am[U
dmMH$mbm H$~yb H$aUo ^mJ nS>Vo.
n[afXm dJaogmR>s dmMZmb`o YwS>mimds bmJVmV. Aem
Aem H$mrVyZ gwm ~aoM _amR>s JW [Q>Hy$Z amhVmV,
hOmamo nwVH$m_YyZ e^a AmdS>Umar nwVHo$ [ZdSy> hQ>bo `m_wio `mMohs loR>d A~m[YV amhVo. Aem _bm
Var doS> bmJ`mMs e`Vm Amho. _mV^mfobmM AmdS>bo`m AZoH$ nwVH$mnH$s [ZRw> anUo Ho$bobs n[h`m
kmZ`dhmamV mYm` XoUmam _s dmMH$ Ag`mZo _amR>s 10 nwVH$mMs hs `mXs
nwVHo$M _mPs W_ [ZdS> R>adVmV. naVw _amR>s ~mhoarb gnH$ : 022- 28932809

bsimM[a,
VwH$mam_ JmWm,
`m_Ms AmB ,
~[hUmBMs JmUs,
[_mm Jm[b~Mm
{XdmZ,
_hm^maV,
XmZ [H$ ImoVs,
_mXm_ ~hmar,
~Xg H$m_mPmod,
H$Wm g[agmJa

OyZ-Owb 2011

133

_mPo dmMZ
hm

dS> `w[Zh[gQ>sV EH$ df^a A``Z

H$a`mgmR>s _bm Zs_Z \o$bmo[en
[_imbs. hs \o$bmo[en nH$mamgmR>s
AgVo. ^maVmVyZ EH$m0M nH$mamMs [ZdS> hmoUma
hmoVs. [XsV _wbmIVs Pm`m. AZoH$ _moR>m
B{be nmMo `oR> [V[ZYs _wbmIVsgmR>s Ambo
hmoVo. mXo[eH$ ^mfoVbm _s EH$Q>mM hmoVmo. VemV
d`mZo gdmV H$_s. \$$ 27 df}... BJOs
nH$mamnwTo> Amnbm H$m` nmS>- Aes gmeH$Vm...
nU, _mPs [ZdS> Pmbs. "_hmamQ> Q>mBg'Mo
gnmXH$ m.^. H$[UH$ `mZs hs ~mV_s A_o[aH$Z
H$mgb OoZ E~b [hbm gm[JVbs. Vohm [Vbmhs
AmM` dmQ>bo. [VZo Amn`m Kar [S>Zabm
~mobmdbo... hmdS> Am[U Zs_Z \o$bmo[en ho EH$
o{Q>[O`g H$aU Amho ho bjmV Ambo.
hmdS>bm Jo`mda n[h`mM AmR>dS>mV VoWsb
[dS>oZa bm`~ar`m ^oQ>sMm H$m`H$_ hmoVm.
bm`~arbm ^oQ? Vs H$emgmR>s? Agm Z nS>bm.
_s nw`mMs O`H$a bm`~ar, _w~B [dmnsR>mMo
JWmb`, E[e`m[Q>H$ bm`~ar, H$mobH$m`mMs
ZeZb bm`~ar dJao ~[KVbo`m hmo`m. [~[Q>e
bm`~ar, `w[gg bm`~ar `mMm gX` hmoVmo.
bm`~ar hUOo hOmamo nwVH$mMm gJh- `mV H$m`
~Km`Mo? [dSo>Za bm`~arV Var doJio H$m`
AgUma, Agm Z nS>bm.
...nU [dSo>ZaMm \o$a\$Q>H$m Pmbm Am[U
bm`~ar~b`m H$nZm nma ~Xb`m. VoWo
A`mgH$mgmR>s Agbo`m gmo`s, dV Qo>~bo,
Q>H$H$mS> [_imbo H$s Amn`m Qo>~bmda hds Vs
nwVHo$ Ro>d`mMs _w^m, PoamgMs gmo`, nmoEQ>s
$__`o H$dt`m AmdmOmV`m d[Z[\$Vs Am[U
Qo>n aoH$mS>gMs gmo`, _m[gH$m`m \$m`bs... `m
gJ`m JmoQ>s ~KVmZm EImXm MS> I[OZm
Jdg`mgmaIo dmQ>V hmoVo. Xw_ri ^maVs`
nwVH$mMshs b`byQ> hmoVs.
bm`~arMo JmBS> _m[hVs XoVm XoVm hUmbo, " `oWo
Xhm [_[b`Z nwVHo$ d BVa Am`Qo>g AmhoV.'
[_[b`Z hUOo Xhm bmI. Xhm [_[b`Z hUOo EH$
H$moQ>s... EH$ H$moQ>s nwVHo$? No! hm JmBS> [_[b`Z
hUOo bmI Ago Va YaV Zgob Zm? hUyZ `mbm
[dMmabo, "Qo>Z [_[b`Z Ama Qo>Z hS>oS> WmD$OS>?'
"Qo>Z [_[b`Z' Am[U _mPm dmMZm~bMm,
eoH$S>mo-hOmamo nwVHo$ dmM`mMm AhH$ma jUmYmV
bw Pmbm. _amR>sVsb ~hwVoH$ gd boIH$ Am[U
~hwVoH$ gd nwVHo$ dmM`mMm _mPm A[^_mZ JiyZ

134 OyZ-Owb 2011

Jobm. amoO VsZ nwVHo$ dmMbs Va dfmbm hOma

nwVHo$ dmMyZ hmoVsb. nmg-gmR> dfmMo Am`w`
Yabo Va nmg-gmR> hOma. \$maVa bmI^a...
nU, EH$ H$moQ>s nwVHo$ dmMm`Ms Pmbs Va [H$Vs
O_ `mdo bmJUma? EdTo> gJio kmZ OJmV Amho.
AmnU `mVbo _yR>^a kmZ Var KoUma H$m?
...`m doionmgyZ _mPm dmMZmMm PnmQ>m H$_s
Pmbm Ago Zmhs; naVw, Amn`m AmdS>sMo H$mhs jo
R>adyZ `mVsb nwVH$mda ^a m`Mm ho _Zmo_Z no$
Pmbo. Hw$R>bm [df` d` Ago Zmhs; nU, AmdS>
hUyZ b[bV dmL>_`mMo dmMZ, nH$ma hUyZ
g:H$mbsZ g_mO d KQ>Zm, [dMma dmh Am[U
ZoVd `mdaMo dmMZ A`mdV Ro>dmdo Agm AJH$_
R>abm. Vmo ~amM nmibm Jobm. naVw, hmdS>`m `m
dmVmdaUmV Aes [ddm_H$Vm hmoVs H$s Aes
_`mXm dV:da KmbyZ KoUo `W dmQ>bo. kmZmMs
H$dmSo> ~X Ro>dyZ MmbV Zmhs. gVV Z`m JmoQ>tZm

eH$a gmaS>m
gm_moao Om`bm hdo, _Z dmJVesb hdo. ~ws Mm\o$a
gMmaV amhm`bm hds ho VoWsb [XJO m`mnH$mZs
ZH$iV _Zmda q~~dbo.
dmMZmMs AmdS> Ves bhmZ d`mVM bmJbs.
H$m` [Z[_m Pmbo gmJVm `oV Zmhs. _hm~ioda`m
emioV [VgarV AgVmZm Ho$ed [^H$mOs T>dio
H$meZmMs H$mhs nwVHo$ hmVs Ambs. Vs dmMVmZm,
emio`m H$[_H$ nwVH$mnojm doJis nwVHo$ AgVmV
Am[U `mV _OoXma JmoQ>s AgVmV `mMm emoY
bmJbm. gmZo JwOt`m JmoS> JmoQ>sMm ghmdm ^mJ
amQ> godm Xbm`m dmMZmb`mV [_imbm. `mVbs
gmoham~ Am[U Vw_Ms JmoQ> dmMVmZm AV:H$aU
^$Z Ambo; Am[U _J amoO EHo$H$ nwVH$ Kar
AmUyZ ams H$[Xbm`m H$memV dmMyZ gndm`Mo
MH$M gw$ Pmbo. dmMZmb` MmbdV hmoVo
XmyH$mH$m. `mZm _m`m dmMZm`m doJmMo AmM`
dmQ>bo. `mZs _bm nwVHo$ XoVmZm H$Ys IiIi
Ho$bs Zmhs. gmZo JwOtMs VoWo hmoVs Vs gJis
nwVHo$ dmMyZ Pmbs. nmMdsV AgVmZm S>hmUy `oWo
Hw$_ma gm[h` g_obZ hmoVo. _s `m g_obZmbm
Jobmo. gmZo JwOs ho CX>KmQ>H$ hmoVo. `mZm _s `m`m
nwVH$m~bMo Z [dMmabo. Vo Iye Pmbo.
OodVmZm `mZs _bm eoOmar ~gdbo. g`mH$mis
ImS>sda`m dmiyV JmoQ>s gm[JV`m. JmUs hQ>bs.

_bm "_hm~ioda' Zmd XodyZ Q>mH$bo. gmZo JwOtZm

ZVa _s no nmR>[dbs. `mMs Cmaohs Ambs.
"gmYZo'Vsb gwXa no _bm AmdS>V. Mma-nmM
_[h`mZs 11 OyZbm JwOtZs Pmono`m Jmo`m KoD$Z
OsdZ gndbo Vohm Iyn Xw:I Pmbo.
AmR>dsZVa nw`mbm [eH$m`bm Ambmo.
dg[VJhm`m dmMZmb`mVyZ har^mD$ AmnQo>,
ImSo>H$a, \$S>Ho$, ZmW_mYd, [d.dm. hS>n, a.dm.
[XKo dJao boIH$mMs nwVHo$ dmMyZ H$mT>bs.
eam`m H$mX~`m [hXsVyZ dmM`m. "lsH$mV'
ho `mMoM Am_M[a dmQ>bo. OZ|Hw$_ma,
~[H$_M, adsZmW Q>mJmoa dJa|Ms nwVHo$hs dmMyZ
Pmbs. nwVH$m`m OJmVbo d[d` Am[U d[M`
_bm ^mdbo. ^m.am. ^mJdV `m`m
gnmXH$dmImbs IoiJS>sMo H$meZ gw$ Pmbo.
nwTo> `mZs dV:M ~mb[_ _m[gH$ H$mT>bo.
`mVsb PnmQ>bobm dmgs, OmBMs Zdb H$hmUs,
_m`mnyaMo aJob amjg, A` _mUyg dJao
AZwdm[XV H$mX~`mZs doJ`mM OJmMo XeZ
KS>dbo.
[d.H$. jo[` `m`m doXmVsb JmoQ>s, nidbobm
nmoa, Iyn-Iyn ngm dJao nwVH$m`m dmMZmZo
`m`mes n`dhma gw$ Pmbm. Vo `m dois H$n
E`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>s`m emioMo hoS>_mVa hmoVo.
`mZs _mPo n[hbo nwVH$ "MVwa Mnm' ho N>mnyZ [Xbo.
~mbboIH$ hUyZ _mPm \$moQ>mo N>mnbm. EH$ boIH$
hUyZ _mPs doJis AmoiI _bm gwImdV am[hbs.
Ah_Xm~mXbm Hw$_ma gm[h` g_obZ Pmbo. dgV
~mnQ> A`j hmoVo. `mZs _m`m `m nwVH$mMm
A`js` ^mfUmV CoI Ho$bm. Ah_Xm~mX`m
^ ^mJmVsb AZoH$ Hw$Qw>~mV _bm ~mobmdbo Jobo.
VoWsb emioV _mPo H$WmH$WZ Pmbo. boIH$ hUyZ
ho gd ZdbmBMo dmQ>bo.
H$mboOmV dmMZmbm AmUIs Omoa Ambm. _amR>s
~amo~aM BJOs dmMZ gw$ Pmbo. gmYZm
gmm[hH$mV gnmXH$s` C_oXdmar gw$ Pmbs. `XwZmW
Wmo `mZs nH$m[aVoVsb doJdoJis XmbZo
hmVmim`bm bmdbs. ZdsZ nwVH$mda [bhm`bm
mogmhZ [Xbo. Zmo~ob nm[aVmo[fH$ [dOo`m
boIH$m`m H$mX~`m dmM`mMo R>adyZ AZoH$
H$mX~`m dmM`m. BgoZ, eog[n`aMs ZmQ>Ho$
dmMyZ H$mT>bs. H$mhs boIH$mda boIZ Ho$bo.
BJOs`m dmMZmZo AdKo [ddgm[h` g_moa Ambo.
_amR>sV Z Ambobs AZoH$ OsdZjoo kmV Pmbs.
~s.S>s. Pm~ao `mMo bmgog `m dois OmoamV MmbV.

`mMs _mPs XmoVs Pmbs. `mMm JWgJh _moR>m

1. ~mUH$`m
- ls.`. Ho$VH$a
hmoVm. I[bb [O~mZMo m\o$Q> `m`mH$Sy>Z
2. `mgnd
- XwJm ^mJdV
[_imbo. _s `mZo ^m[dV Pmbmo. `mMs gd
3. PmS>mPS>Vs
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
nwVHo$ dmMyZ H$mT>bs. MoH$mh, VwJZoh, nw{H$Z
4.
gV
Zm
JV
- amOZ ImZ
dJao boIH$mMs nwVHo$ `m`m_wio hmVs Ambs.
4. gm[ds
- Aa[dX
H$mboO_Ysb nmR>nwVH$mV H$m[S>Zb `y_Z
5.
B{H$bm~
[d
`mMo [gboeZ hmoVo. CXma_VdmXs {Q>H$moZmMm Vmo
{OhmX
- b_sH$mV Xoe_wI
nwaH$Vm. [b~ab E`wHo$eZMm `mMm AmJh,
6. am`JS>mbm Oohm
`mMm ^md AmOhs H$m`_ Amho. [X AJZs AS>
OmJ `oVo
- dgV H$mZoQ>H$a
EH$Q>gs, {hg|Q> dZ JmJ`m OsdZmdarb
7. a_bIwUm
- Os.E. Hw$bH$Uu
H$mX~ar, \$m_ [hAa Qy> BQ>a[ZQ>s, JwS>AW, `m
8. gwXm`mMo nmoho
- ls.H$. H$mohQ>H$a
[Vmo\$, dma AS> nsg, H$mB_ AS> n[Ze_|Q>,
~Xg H$am_Pmh, \o$AadobQy> Amg, \$ma hy_ [X
9. nmUH$im
- a.dm. [XKo
~ob Q>mog, S>mH$Zog AQ> ZyZ Aem [H$VsVar
10. ^maVs` gH$Vs - gmZo JwOs
H$bmH$VtZs `m dois _Zmda A[Yam` JmOdbo.
11. \$mCQ>ZhoS
>- AmBZ aS>
gm_agoQ> _m_ `m`m Qo>Z JoQ> Zmhog_wio H$mX~ar
12. m\o$Q
>- I[bb [O~mZ
`m dmL>_` H$mam`m AmH$[V~YmVsb `m[_lVm
13. har nmQ>a
- Oo.Ho$. amo[bJ
bjmV Ambs.
14. hboQ>
- eog[n`a
~s.E.bm _mPm _amR>s noeb hm [df` hmoVm.
15. dma AS> nsg - Q>mbQ>m`
`m dfu _s nwUo [dmnsR>mV W_ loUsV W_
16. ~Xg H$am_Pmh - S>moQ>modH$s
Ambmo. gwdUnXH$mMm _mZH$ar R>abmo. E_.E.bm
17 . Am\$ w_Z ~mQo>O - _m_
_m _s BJOs hm noeb [df` KoD$Z _w~B
18. _m` Egn[a_|Q>g dwBW Q>W - JmYs
[dmnsR>mV doe KoVbm. BJOs hm [df` KoV`mZo
19. X>mZ {H$hmoVr> - gh}[Zg
BJOs nwVH$mMo dmMZ OmV ~maH$mBZo gw$ Pmbo.
eog[n`aMs gd ZmQ>Ho$ dmMyZ H$mT>bs. `mda`m
g_sjoVsb [d[dYVm W$ H$aUmar hmoVs. H$nZme$sbm AmhmZ XoUmao AgV. B{be
eog[n`[aZ gh} `m [Z`VH$m[bH$mV `m`mdarb Q>sH$mH$mam_Ysb _`y AmZm}S>Mm ^md OmV
A`mdV Q>sH$mboI AgV. Vo boI Amn`m OmUdbm. Oo-Oo Cm_ [b[hbo dm ~mobbo OmVo

~m

`mMm gma H$aUo ho Q>sH$mH$mamMo Iao H$m` Amho ho

`mMo _V Am`w`^a dVmgmaIo _s nmiV Ambmo
Amho. Z`m boIH$mMs JwUdmm ho$Z `mZm [gs
XoUo ho H$m_ Jobs 50 df} Mmby am[hbo, `mMo lo`
_`y AmZm}S>bm m`bm hdo.
nH$m[aVoV [ea`mZo _m`m boIZmV Am[U
dmMZmV g_H$mbsZ [Z[_Vsbm A[YH$ WmZ
[_iUo An[ahm` R>abo. "_hmamQ> Q>mBg'_`o
ZdsZ nwVH$mda Am[U boIH$mda _s gmV`mZo
boIZ Ho$bo. "_Q>m'ZVa gmYZm, b[bV, bmoH$_V,
XoeXyV, VU ^maV, _amR>s JWOJV dJao
_m`_mVyZ VsZ hOmamda nwVH$mda _s [b[hbo.
Z`m g_H$mbsZ gm[h`mbm dmMH$mnwTo> ^mdsnUo
OmVm `mdo `mgmR>s gmV`mZo boIZ Ho$bo. AWmV,
`m_wio Z`m gm[h`mMo dmMZ MmbyM am[hbobo
Amho.
dmMZmZoM _mPo OsdZ KS>dbo, _bm KS>dbo.
_m`m OsdZmbm AW [Xbm. JWdmMZ hUOo
kmZdVm`m [ZH$Q> gm[`mMs A_mob gYs.
H$m`em [dZmoXmMs ndUs. JWdmMZ AIS> Mmby
amhmdo `mgmR>s XodmZo `mo` Vo emar[aH$ dm` mdo
hsM mWZm. [dS>oZa bm`~arV`m EH$ H$moQ>s
nwVH$m_wio Ambobo XS>nU [Z` Z`m JWm`m
ghdmgmV H$Ys OmUdboM Zmhs.
gnH$ : 022- 28932809

Am`w`m`m dmQ>MmbrVrb XsnV^

~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a ZgVo Va _mP Am`w` H$mimoImV gS>b AgV. do[bUH$a', ^mH$a n|T>maH$a mMs "amaJT>mJ' Am[U [Z_bm XoenmSo> mMs
X[bV gm[h`m`m MidisZo Va _bm XrnyZ Q>mH$bo. AUm ^mD$ "[Q>H$bs EhT> Vi' hs nwVHo$ _s H$YsM [dg$ eH$V Zmhs. m nwVH$mZr
gmRo>, ~m~yamd ~mJwb, JJmYa nmZVmdUo, Zm_Xod T>gmi, X`m ndma, _m`m _Vs Vm`mVdm`m Pm`m AmhoV. [Z_bm XoenmSo>, _[bH$m A_a eoI
`edV _Zmoha, amdgmho~ H$g~o, b_U _mZo Am[U
Am[U AZV gm_V _mPo AmdS>Vo boIH$ AmhoV.
AmdS>Vs nwVHo$
b_U Jm`H$dmS> mgma`m boIH$mZs _mP OsdZ g_
H$[dVm _hmOZ, _oKZm noRo> Am[U g`m aJmar mM
Jmob{nR>m - Zm_Xod T>gmi
Ho$b Amho.
boIZ _ZmnmgyZ AmdS>V. sdmXs gm[h`mVbm ~S>Imoa
- X`m ndma
X[bV gm[h` hUOo _mZd A[YH$mamMs gZXM Amho. ~bwV
da hm _bm Zoh_sM AmdmgH$ dmQ>bm Amho. [d^mdar
Cnam
- b_U _mZo
[eaH$a mMo "~is', JmoXmdar nioH$a mMo "O|hm
CM`m
- b_U Jm`H$dmS>
eaUHw$ma qb~mio
_mUyg OmJm hmoVmo' m nwVH$mZs _mPs OJ`mdaMs lm
[~amS>
- AemoH$ ndma
~iH$Q> Ho$bs Amho. Zmam`U gwd]`m H$[dVmZs _mP _Z
- gVmof ndma
_[bH$m A_a eoI mMo "_bm CXdV hm`M`', ^mD$ MmoaQ>m
KS>db Amho. Hw$_ma Ho$VH$a, Cm_ H$m~io Am[U [V_m
dmQ>
m
nidmQ>
m
Xmm
^JV
nm`o `mMo "dmgyZmH$m', [dlm_ ~oSo>H$a mMo "aUmJU',
Omoes mM boIZ _s AmdOyZ dmMVmo. gm[h`m_wio
^mbM Zo_mSo> mMo "H$mogbm', AYVs am` mMo "X JmS> CWmZJw\$m - `edV _Zmoha
H$mVs hmoVo. gm[h`m_wio dmV`mMs bT>mB Vsd hmoVo.
Am\$ _mb [WO', A_Vm [V_ mMo "a[eXs [Q>H$Q>', dmXimMo deO - JJmYa nmZVmdUo gm[h`m_wio gH$VsMm [dH$mg hmoVmo. _m`m
AZV gm_V mMs "E_.Q>s. Am`~m _m', [dbmg gmaJ _mg Am[U -amdgmho~ H$g~o
Am`w`m`m dmQ>MmbsVsb XsnV^ hUyZ _s
mMo "EZH$s`m am`mV' emVm JmoIbo mMs "arQ>m Am~oS>H$a
nwVH$mH$So> nmhVmo. gnH$ : 022- 27284206

OyZ-Owb 2011

135

dmMZmM `gZ

J`mMs ImoS> bmJVm bmJVm dmMZmM

`gZ OS>b. Iyn bhmZnUsM. mbm
H$maU _mPo dS>sb. Vo ^anya dmMV.
[aQ>m`S> Pm`mda dmMZ Am[U Xya Xya
[\$am`bm OmU Aem XmoZ JmoQ>s Vo AmdS>sZ H$aV.
_bm KoD$Z [\$am`bm OmV. AZ a`mV MmbVm
MmbVm nwVH$m~b [dVmamZ ~mobV. nbJmda
Cesbm aobyZ dmMV ~gbobo _mPo dS>sb AmOhs
S>mo`mg_moa [XgVmV. _`oM Vo Hw$esda diyZ
dmMV. _`oM CRy>Z ~gV AZ XmoZ-VsZ Cemda
nwVH$ _mSy>Z dmMy bmJV. AmnUgwm `m`mgmaI
dmMV ~gmd Ag _bm VsdnUo dmQy> bmJb; AZ _s
AmngyH$ nwVH$mMm Pmbmo. dmMVm dmMVm dS>sb
CO`m hmVm`m XmoZ ~moQ>mZs S>mds ^wdB Hw$admiV
AgV. Vo _m Amn _bm O_V Zmhs.
gmVds-AmR>dsV AgVmZm dmMZmM doS> [eJobm
nmoMb. [_iob Vo dmMm`M Ag gw$ Pmb. _s
Am[U _mPs ~hsU (Vs _m`mhyZ XmoZ dfmZs _moR>s)
XmoZ [XdgmV XsS>eo nmZmM nwVH$ gndyZ
Q>mH$m`Mmo. nwVH$mMm Ajae: \$S>em nmS>m`Mmo.
[edm`, "Y_`wJ', "namJ' (ho bhmZ _wbmM [hXs
_m[gH$ hmoV), "_mUyg', "gmo~V', "A_V',
"dam`' (nw`mhyZ [ZKUma Q>bmBS> AmH$mamM
gmm[hH$) Aes [hXs-_amR>s gmm[hH$-_m[gH$
Kar `oV. [_, ZmVodmBH$ [H$dm eoOm`mnmOm`mH$Sy>Z nwVH$ _mJVmZm _bm A[O~mV
gH$moM dmQ>V Zgo. CbQ>, Vs _S>is nwVH$ XoVmZm
Q>Ji_Ji H$aVmV mMm _bm amJ `oV Ago.
AmnU dmMb Zmhs, Va boIH$ _S>itM H$g
hmoBb Aem CXmm H$miOsZ _s `m H$mis nwVH$
dmMV Jobmo. nmM nwVH$ [b[h`mZVa AmO _m`m
bjmV `oV` H$s _mPs Vs CXmm H$miOs AZmR>m`s
ZhVs. _mP H$m` hmoBb `m [Ohmi [MVonm`sM
_mPo nmM-nmg dmMH$ _mPs nwVH$ dmMVmV Ag
_s g_OVmo.
_mPm dmMZmMm Anyd [YJmUm gw$ AgVmZmMs
EH$ AmR>dU. ~y^mB Am_Mo eoOmar. gmY,
gmbg _wgb_mZ Hw$Qw>~. ~y^mB Q>gs MmbdV.
OwboIm~mB, hOo ~y^mBMs ~m`H$mo, EH$Xm _m`m
AmBbm hUmbs, ""Vw_Ms _wb Iyn dmM dmM H$aV
AgVmV. ho ~a Zmhs. Iyn dmM`m_wio S>moH$
[~KS>V.'' `mda dS>sb Amhmbm hUmbo,
""OwboIm~mBM hUU g_OyZ `m. dmMZ hs
Amn`m [R>H$mUs MmJbs JmoQ> Amho. naVw
OsdZmZw^d _hdmMm. `m`m nwT> dmMZ [\$H$
R>aV. aIaIsV, H$aH$arV AZ amoH$S>m OsdZmZw^d

136 OyZ-Owb 2011

_mUgmbm ehmU H$aVmo...'' Varhs, dmMZmMs _mPs

K_|S> H$mhs df am[hbsM. ZVa`m H$mimV Am`w`
_m`mda ge Mmb H$$Z Amb, n[a{WVs`m
aoQ>mV [ngyZ [ZKmbmo Vgm Vmo Hw$_mad`sZ Jd IJV
Jobm AZ gnbm. naXoes [dmnsR>mVyZ AZoH$
nX`m [_idbobo C[dm[d^y[fV gnmXH$[dMmadV _s ngQ>sV nmhVmo`. `mM nmoH$i
nm[S>` Am[U emo[^dV S>aH$m`m EH$sH$So> AZ
XwgarH$So> OwboIm~mB, Agm [dMma _ZmV `oVmo.
dmMZ Am[U nwVH$ `m [df`mda [dZmo~mMo
[dMma OwboIm~mBnojmhs A[YH$ Ohmb AmhoV.

A~are [_l

[dZmo~m ^md|Zs EHo$ [R>H$mUs [b[hb` H$s EImm

_mUgm`m Kar Iyn AmfY Agbs Va `m KamV
Hw$UsVar AmOmar Amho Ag g_Omd. `m_mUo `m
KamV nwVH$mZs ^abobs H$nmQ> AgVmV `m Kar
~aoM _mZ[gH$ U AmhoV Ag g_Omd. An[aJh,
Aqhgm, [_Vmhma, [ZgJmes gbJs Am[U ear[aH$
H$Q> `mda JmYsdmmMm H$Q>mj AgVmo. Aem
`wQ>mo{n`Z g_mOmV gm[h`mbm A[O~mV dmd
ZgVmo. H$maU, [VW ZgVo H$gbshs ~oMZs, Zm
H$gbo noM, Zm A{VddoXZm Am[U Zm
Am_^mZmMs [ZaVa [bn[Pn. Ia nmhVm
[dZmo~mMm emar[aH$ l_mMm _wm [~ZVmoS> Amho.
naVw, nwVH$ Am[U AJ_ohZV `mnH$s EH$mMs, hOo

H$Q>mMs [ZdS> H$am Ag Vo gwMdVmV AZ Vo _bm

_m` Zmhs. dV: [dZmo~m Cm_ dmMH$ hmoVo Am[U
AJ_ohZVs`m H$m_mVhs Vo Zoh_s nwT> Agm`Mo.
dmMZm_wio _Zmbm Vgs [_iVo. H$miOmMs
H$m[hbs emV hmoVo. _ZmVbo jmo^ _mdiVmV. _Z
[ngm_mUo hbH$ hbH$ hmoV. EH$ "H$mD$Q>a-nmBQ>'
[_iVmo. OJ`mH$So>, Am`w`mH$So> nmh`mMs "ZOa'
bm^Vo. [` _mUgmMm H$Xm[MV [dah ghZ H$amdm
bmJVmo. nwVH$ _s VmoS>V ZmhsV. Vs gXd
Amn`mg_moa, Amn`mgmR>s AgVmV. nwVH$
[aPdVmV, [IOdVmV, [MWdVmV, CMH$dVmV.
nwVH$ gwI XoVmV, A_`mX o_ XoVmV. AZ
boegwm. Am`w`mMm EH$ PJPJsV VwH$S>m
Amn`mg_moa YaVmV. nwVH$ Amn`mbm JXmJXm
hbdVmV, W$ H$$Z Q>mH$VmV, WH$dVmV.
MH$dVmV.
_m`m dmMZmbm hUmds Ves [eV Zmhs.
EImXm boIH$ [H$dm EImXm Vd[dMma g_J dmMyZ
H$mT>bm` Ag AmOda Pmb Zmhs`o. Jobs H$mhs df
EH$ n` nmiVmo. B[Vhmg, Y_ (Ym[_H$ Zho),
VdkmZ Am[U _mZds gH$VsMm hmg-CX` `m
[df`mda OmV dmMVmo. M[a-Am_M[ahs _bm
^wai KmbVmV. H$Wm-H$mX~`m`m dmQo>bm ghgm
OmV Zmhs. EImX nwVH$ Iyn JmOV Agob Va _s
`mbm bJoM hmV bmdV Zmhs. XmoZ-AS>sM
dfmZVa `m nwVH$mH$So> diVmo. g_H$mbsZ
[df`mdaM, CXmhaUmW, H$m{_aMm Z qH$dm
am_M Jwhm `mM "B{S>`m AmQ>a JmYs' nwVH$
dmMb H$s _J _s bm[gH$H$So> diVmo. _mJo
H$YsVar dmMbob nwVH$ nwhm ^oQ>V. Vmo AmZX
H$mhs AmaM AgVmo. H$~sa, VwH$mam_mMm gXam _s
K> Y$Z Ro>dbm`. gJio Cm_mom_ JW EH$sH$So>
Am[U H$~sa-VwH$mam_mMm EImXm Xmohm, EImXs
Amods XwgarH$So> Ag _bm dmQ>V.
dmMZmgmR>s _bm Zon` bmJV Zmhs. _s Hw$R>hs
dmMy eH$Vmo. EH$mJVoZ. _mP ~aMg dmMZ bmoH$b
Q>oZ_`o hmoV. ~g_`o Vo e` hmoV Zmhs. ~mV_sXma
Ag`m_wio AZoH$ H$m`H$_mZm Omd bmJV. VsZMma Vmg Ago g_ma^ MmbV AgVmV. _mP dmMZ
gw$ AgV. gw>s`m [Xdes KamV`m JsV ~gyZ
dmMVmo. nwVH$mVyZ S>moH$ Oam da H$mT>b H$s g_moa
[nd`m \w$bmM PmS>.
_m`m bmS>`m ^_mZm, g_OwVtZm gwJ
bmdUmar, "_JZog'Mm ^wJm H$aUmar nwVH$ _bm
AmdS>VmV. Ag nwVH$ _bm AdW H$aV. Vs
~oMZs XsK H$mi [nN>m nwadVo. `mM_mUo, emV,

_` b`sVb [bImU AmdS>V. "[S>Jog'( Oo.E_.

H$moEPs) dmM`mda _Z Iyn H$mi [^a[^aV
am[hb. Aem dois _s [d.X. KmQo>, nw.[e. aoJ|H$So>
OmVmo. ZmhsVa _J a|XmiH$a, ~moaH$a, H$aXsH$a,
Jog.
nwVH$ OJmbm AmH$ma XoVmV, OJ`mbm
AWdmZ H$aVmV. OJ gH$nZmda, [dMmamda
MmbV AgV. `m gH$nZm nwVH$mVyZ
Amn`mn`V `oVmV. bS>Z`m [~[Q>e
`w[P`_`m JWmb`mV ~gyZ _mgZ "H$[nQ>b'
[b[hbm. nwT>`m H$mimV OJmMm B[Vhmg ~Xbbm
AZ ^yJmobgwm. JmYtZs Q>mbQ>m`, $gmoH$Sy>Z
~aM KoVb. bmoH$ nwVH$mes \$Q>Hy$Z dmJy bmJbo

_m

AmdS>Vs nwVH$

`wJmV
- BamdVs H$d}
F$VwMH$
- XwJm ^mJdV
kmZ Vo gmJVmo nwhm - [dZmo~m ^mdo
_mZamJ
- _hoe EbHw$Mdma
[dlY emaXm, IS> n[hbm - h.[d. _moQo>
dmaUoMm dmK - AUm ^mD$ gmRo>
EH$ PmS>, XmoZ njs - [dlm_ ~oSo>H$a
H$mhs hmVmao d EH$ hmVmar - [d.X. KmQo>
nwnmObs
- Jmo[dX VidbH$a
S>moh
- ls[Zdmg [dZm`H$
Hw$bH$Uu

H$s g_mOmMs YmaUm [Ii[Iis hmoV OmVo. VmUo~mUo gwQy> bmJVmV. Zdo [dMma \w$aV ZmhsV.
g_mOmMs gdoXZm ~moWQ> hmoVo. H$nZme$s IwQ>Vo.
CaVmo \$$ amZQ>s C_mX. Vmo AmnU "dS> H$n'`m
\$m`Zb`m ams nm[hbm.
Amn`mH$So> nembm ZH$mo VodT> _hd Amb`.
nemgmR>s nwH$i X_N>mH$ Pmbs H$s _mUg dV
H$a_UwH$s`m ZeoH$So> diVmV. `mg hUmbm
hmoVm Vo IaM Amho, ""~mhy C^dyZ AmaS>Vmo& nar
H$moUs Z Am`Ho$...
gnH$ : 022-28950938

S>m``mMs nwVH$

Ugmbm Xwg`m`m ImOJs Am`w`mV

S>moH$mdyZ nmhm`bm \$ma AmdS>V. `mV
Vo ImOJs Am`w` [g `$sM Agob
Va \$maM Cm_. Vg Vo Zgob Var `mVbm
ImOJsnUmMm JmoS>dm H$m`_ amhVmo. nU,
gJ`mM S>m`ar boIZm~m~V Ag Zmhs. OmJ[VH$
gm[h`mV AbrH$S>`m H$mimV gdmZm _mhsV
Agbob boIZ hUOo "S>m`ar Am\$ AZ \$H$'M.
Xwg`m _hm`wm`m nmd^y_sda ZmPsZs Oo `wM
[eaH$mU Mmbdbobo hmoV `m nmd^y_sda Vo
[bImU hmoV. nU, `mM Xwg`m _hm`wm`m
nmd^y_sda Mma AX^wV S>m``m dmMH$mZs
dmM`mM nm[hOoV Aem AmhoV. `mV`m VsZ
S>m``m `m Xwg`m _hm`wmV`m A`V
_wIWmZs AgUm`m nmm`m AmhoV; Va EH$
S>m`ar `m_mZmZo A[g g[ZH$mMs Amho. ho
S>m`ar [b[hUmao XmoZ O_Z AmhoV, EH$ BQ>m[b`Z,
Va EH$ a[e`Z. a[e`Z S>m`ar boIH$ hm g[ZH$
Amho. ~mH$s [VKo hUOo XmoZ O_Z [Z EH$
BQ>m[b`Z ho `m H$mimVbo go[b[~Q>s AmhoV. EH$m
O_ZmZo `w gn`mda AmR>dUtMs S>m`ar
[b[hbs`. Vo XmoZ O_Z AmhoV Omogo\$ Jmo~og
Am[U A~Q> nsAa. Jmo~ogZo `wH$mimV`m
`m AmR>dUs [hQ>baMm Mma_s AgVmZm
[b[h`m AmhoV `mV`m Finail Enteries 1945
`m eodQ>`m `m`m (Am`w`m`m [Z `wm`m)
nmM _[h`mda H$me Q>mH$Um`m AmhoV. A~Q>
nsAa hm [hQ>baMm bmS>H$m Am[H$Qo>Q> [Z _s.
`w gn`mda Z`wa|~J `oWsb OmJ[VH$ IQ>`mV
`mbm 20 dfm`m H$XoMs [ejm Pmbs. hs [ejm
^moJV AgVmZm nS>mo BW`m VwJmV "nS>mo

S>m`ar' [b[hbs. Vshs `mM H$mimV`m

Am`w`mda Amho. [Vgar S>m`ar BQ>bsMm hwHy$_ehm
_wgmo[bZs `m`m Omd`mZo H$mD$Q> Jb[PAmo
[g`mZmo `mZo [b[hbobs Amho. `mbm 1943_`o

amOy nioH$a

_wgmo[b[Zbm nX`wV H$a`m`m H$Q>mV ^mJ

KoV`m_wio Xoemohm`m (ImoQ>m) H$Q>mV JmodyZ
ZmPtZs XohXS> m`bm bmdbm. `m`m `m
S>m``m_`o 1939 gmbmnmgyZ Vo 1943n`V
(_`yn`V) _wgmo[bZs`m ~mOyZo `w Am[U `wamonM
XeZ KS>V. MmWm h[gbm` Jmg_Z hm bmb
g`mVsb nH$ma-g[ZH$. Y_mZo `w. O_Z goZm
Q>[bZJmS>_`o [ea`mnmgyZ Vo naV bmb g`
[dO`s hmoD$Z ~[bZ_`o [eaoVmoda Jmg_Z hm

`w AmKmS>sda hmoVm. bmb g`m`m ~mOyZo. Kar

AmBnmgyZ Vo Ag` g[ZH$mMm _`y `m`m
A{Vdm`m gKfmgmo~VM Mmby hmoVm. Jmg_Z`m
`w gnoVmoda`m S>m``m EH$ A[^OmV XVEodO
Amho. Vmo H$mim`m AmoKmV ZQ> Pmbm AgVm;
naVw, AWZs ~sha `m B[Vhmg gemoYH$ boIH$mZo
`mMm emoY bmdyZ gnmXZ H$$Z `m S>m``m
[g Ho$`m. `m Mma nwVH$mV Xwg`m _hm`wmMs
bm~s, Xs, Imobs, JS>XnUm, ImoQo>nUm, IaonUm,
_mZds _y`, `mM nVZ, _moR>m _mUgmMm
ImoQo>nUm, N>moQ>m _mUgmMm _moRo>nUm gma gma
bjmV `oV. `m S>m``m dmMVmZmM `m _mUgmMs
`{$_d _ZmV gmH$ma hmoV OmVmV (hUyZM
VwV boImV Vs [dVmamZo [b[h`mM Q>mibob
Amho.) `m S>m``m dmM`mMmhs EH$ H$_ Agbm
nm[hOo. AmYs H$mD$Q> [g`mZmoMs, _J Omogo\$
Jmo~ogMs, _J A~Q> nsAaMs [Z gdmV eodQ>s
h[gbm` Jmg_ZMs. `m Mma S>m``m dmM`mda
AmYw[ZH$ H$mimVb _hm^maV dmM`mM g_mYmZ
bm^V. eodQ>s gwIm[VHo$nojm emoH$m[VH$m _mUgmbm
A[YH$ [dMma dm H$aVmV `mMm `` `oVmo.
_mUyg H$sVshs _moR>m dm N>moQ>m Agmo. `mM
jU^Jwad `mZmV `oV. _w` hUOo S>m`ar hs
Zoh_sM Jm[gn nwadV Zmhs ho bjmV `oV. AmnUhs
S>m`ar [bhmds Agm _moh hmoVmo. [H$_mZ EH$m
_moR>m B[VhmgmMo AmnU gmjsXma dmMH$ AmhmoV
`mMs OmUsd hmoVo. `m dmMZmZo EH$ A[^OmV
Z_nUm dmMH$m`m _ZmV ZH$iV [eaVmo!
gnH$ : 9820124419
B-ob : raju.parulekar@gmail.com

OyZ-Owb 2011

137

Pm

nwVH$mZrM bT>m`bm {eH$dbo

S>mbm `oUmar Zds nmbds hm PmS>m`m

[OdVnUmMm nwamdm AgVmo. `m
nmbds`m nmdbmZsM PmS> ~mhoa nS>V
AgVo Am[U [dH$mgm`m dmQo>d$Z MmbV AgVo.
hs nmbds PmS>mbm nwTo> ZoVo. `mbm Z`m
AdH$memes OmoS>Vo. `m`m nXamV Z`m OsdZmMm
COoS> Q>mH$Vo. hs nmbds hUOo PmS>m`m
n[adVZmMs H$[dVm. gOZesb _mZds OJUo `m
OsdZebsMs `m`m gmjmV H$a`mgmR>s YS>nS>Vo.
nwVHo$ _bm PmS>m`m nmbdsMs [V$no
dmQ>VmV. Vs _mUgmZo _mZbo`m nyUmH$mZm
AnyUmH$m_`o namd[VV H$aVmV. `m AnyUmH$mZm
nwZ:nwhm ZdZ`m nyUmH$mH$So> Ymdm`bm bmdVmV.
"^mJmo Zhs ~Xbmo'Mo ZdZdmo_ofembs B[OZrA[aJ
[eH$[dVmV. `m [H$`oVyZ OsdZm`m gmX`mMm
AVhsZ gOZgmohim CJdV amhVmo.
Iar nwVHo$ hUOo OsdZmMm A[YH$V Ahdmb!
OsdZmMo __ gmJ`mgmR>s YS>nS>Umar nQ>sH$aUo!
gdm`mM g_mZmMm gy` S>mo`mV Agbo`m
[V^mZs KoVbo`m OsdZm`m _wbmIVs hUOo
nwVHo$. Iar nwVHo$ _mUyg `m na_g`m`m
na_gmX`mMs WmnZm H$a`m`m Coem`m nmoQ>s
O_mbm `oVmV.
AmOda _s Iyn nwVHo$ dmMbs. `mVsb H$mhtZs
_bm OsdZ [eH$[dbo. OsdZ H$go Agy Z`o Vohs
[eH$[dbo. `m nwVH$mZs _bm ImoQ>m nwVH$mes
bT>m`bm Am[U `mMm nam^d H$am`bm [eH$[dbo.
Ag`mes, A[ZQ>mes Am[U Hw$nVoes
^mS>`mgmR>s _bm `m nwVH$mZs aUZsVs [eH$[dbs.
H$mhs nwVH$mZs _bm AdWVoMo namH$moQ>sMo ZdZdo
Am`m_ [Xbo. _m`mVsb AemVVobm gVV YJYJV
Ro>dbo. H$moU`mhs MmH$Q>sV AS>Hy$ ZH$mog.
AmH$memgmaIm MmH$Q>[dhsZ hmo. ~wmgmaIm,
~m~mgmho~mgmaIm Ags_ hmo, ho `m nwVH$mZs _bm
gm[JVbo. H$Uo`m nm[U_obm H$Ys nmaIm hmoD$
ZH$mog Am[U _ZmV`m ~w[dmXm`m gy`mbm H$Ys
_mdiy XoD$ ZH$mog, ho `m nwVH$mZsM _bm
[eH$[dbo.
[OWo OsdZ CJdV ZhVo Aem _emZmV _mPm
O_ Pmbm. `m [ZX` [ZdmVmV OsdZ C^maUmar [O
nwVH$mZsM _bm [Xbs. CH$i`m A^mdm`m
H$T>BVyZ `m nwVH$mZsM _bm ~mhoa H$mT>bo. `m
nwVH$mZsM _bm nhmS>s [ZYma Ho$bo. YmaXma H$ama
Ho$bo. ~mUoXma Ho$bo. `m nwVH$mZs _bm Q>moH$mMo
`mHw$ihs Ho$bo Am[U A^ohs Ho$bo.

138 OyZ-Owb 2011

nwVH$mMo XmoZ H$ma _m`m dmQ>mbm Ambo.

nwVH$m`m AmH$mamVsb nwVHo$ Am[U _mZdm`m,
gWo`m, Midis`m Am[U Iw OsdZm`m
AmH$mamVsb nwVHo$. O_mbm Am`mZVa n[h`mXm
Oo _bm dmMmdo bmJbo Vo "AmB' ZmdmMo nwVH$
_mZds AmH$mamV hmoVo. `m H$Uo`m nwVH$mZo _bm
_mUgm`m H$miOmMm A`mg H$am`bm [eH$[dbo.
`m nwVH$m`m AmgdmZshs _bm [ZImaoM Mmabo.
ImoQo> ~moby ZH$mog. H$moUmbm Amoa~mSy> ZH$mog.
H$moUmbm \$gdy ZH$mog ho `m nwVH$mZo _m`mda
R>gdbo.
"[_qbX _hm[dmb`' `m nwVH$mbm ej[UH$
gWoMm AmH$ma hmoVm. `m nwVH$mZo _bm gKfmMs
[bns [eH$[dbs. AmOdahs ho nwVH$ _m`m
^md[ddmMo [Z`moOZ H$arV Amho. darb [Vhs
nwVH$mZs OsdZ Zmdm`m [damQ> nwVH$mMo dmMZ
H$Ys Wm~dy ZH$mog ho nwZ:nwhm gm[JVbo. [OdZmMo
nwVH$ hUOo nwVH$mMo nwVH$! `mMm AmH$ma

S>m. `edV _Zmoha

[damQ>. `mMs nR>g`m AWmJ! `m nwVH$mZo
_mUgm`m g~YmMo KZXmQ> OJb _m`m _ZmnwTo>
_mS>bo. `m g~Ym_Ysb XheVdmXm`m Jwhm _bm
g_OmdyZ gm[JV`m Am[U `mVsb [ZgaS>m
OmJmMo nmo _bm gm[JVbo. `m Zm`m_Ysb _mYw`
H$Ys AmoW~yZ `oVo Am[U `mVsb H$m` Ho$hm Am[U
H$go D$\$miyZ `oVo `mMmhs Vs`g_wnmX `m
nwVH$mZo _bm [eH$[dbm. A_mZds Pmbo`m,
hm`bm bmJbo`m Zm`mZm _mZds Am[U gOZesb
H$go H$aVm `oVo hohs `m nwVH$mZo _bm gm[JVbo.
nwVH$m`m AmH$mamVsbhs AZoH$ nwVHo$ _s
dmMbs. `mVsb H$mhs nwVH$mZs _bm bmoH$_m`
^_mnmgyZ, bmoH$[` AVm[H$H$mnmgyZ, dXZs`
Ag`mnmgyZ, OsdZmV`m Am[U gm[h`mV`m
nyOZs` AYlmnmgyZ H$go dmMm`Mo Vo gm[JVbo.
gdM nwVH$mZm [ZVi bmoH$H$`mUmMm ~wbX H$Um
XoUmao "^maVs` g[dYmZ' ho nwVH$ _m`m hmVs
Ambo Am[U `m g[dYmZmMs Co[eH$m _m`mhs
[V^oMs Co[eH$m Pmbs. S>mo`mV g[dYmZ [eabo
Am[U Z Jm|YiVm S>moHo$ ^modVs`m JXuV [eabo.
JXu`m dJuH$aUmMo, AYma-COoS>m`m dJuH$aUmMo
_mU em _s Pmbmo. g[dYmZm`m gy`mZo _m`m
[V^obm AYmamV OmUoM Ae` H$$Z Q>mH$bo.

g[dYmZm`m nwVH$mZo _m`m [dMmambm

g_Jb`snU [Xbo. g_Vm, ~YwVm Aem gdM
gd[hVfs _y`mMo EH$ aeZb EWo[Q>g [Xbo.
gXm[ed AmR>db|`m "MmdmH$ : B[Vhmg Am[U
VdkmZ' `m nwVH$mZo EH$m _mohH$ ImoQo>nUmMm
gm_Zm OS>dmXmZo H$gm Ho$bm `mMs h[H$H$V _bm
gm[JVbs. m`mV`m Zm{VH$mMo ~m[H$ emJma
`m_wio g_ Pmbo. VH$VsWm`m "qhXy Y_m`m
g_sjoZo' _bm Y_gWoMm [dKmVH$nUm nQ>dyZ
[Xbm. _m`mVbm ~w[dmX `m_wio PimiyZ
[ZKmbm. _m`mVsb H$Uo`m Am[U BhdmXm`m
nmR>ses ~w ZmdmMm [h_mb` C^m am[hbm. S>m.
~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$am`m H$mVs-[VH$mVs`m
[dbofUmZo Am[U ls.J. gaXogmB `m`m "^maVs`
VdkmZ : gm_m[OH$ gKf' `m nwVH$mVsb
_s_mgoZo ^maVmVsb gm_m[OH$ Am[WH$ emofUmMm
gV H$aUmam ZH$mem _m`mnwTo> _mS>bm. \w$`m`m
"Jwbm_[Jar'Zo Agob `m Jwbm_[Jarda AmJ
AmoVm`bm
gm[JVbo.
nmQ>UH$am`m
"gmX`_s_mgo'Zo, gm`m "hmQ> BO [bQ>aoMa'Zo
Am[U [aMS>g`m "[{gng Am\$ [bQ>aar
[H$[Q>[gP_'Zo _m`m aeZb OsdZQ>ses gwgJV
gmX`_y`mMs [Z{MVs H$a`mMs VmH$X _bm [Xbs.
OsdZmVsb [df_Vobm Am[U emofUmbm _yH$ g_Vs
XoUmao dm `mMs ~mOy KoUmao EH$ AZsVsem AgVo.
Vgo _mUgm`m g`H$ _w$sgmR>s gKf H$aUmao
ZsVsemhs OsdZmV AgVo. gm[h`mVsb
[df_VoMs Am[U emofUmMs ~mOy KoUmao
gmX`mohsem AgVo Am[U _mUgm`m g`H$
_w$sgmR>s amZ CR>dUmao gm[h`mMo gmX`emhs
gm[h`[ddmV AgVo. OsdZmMo Am[U gm[h`mMo
Ago dJuH$aUem _bm darb H$mhs nwVH$mZs
g_OmdyZ gm[JVbo. H$moUm`mhs _mUwgH$sMm
An_mZ H$aUmao gm[h`, gm[h` ZgyZ gmjmV
~oB_mZs hmo` ho `m nwVH$mZsM _bm [eH$[dbo.
_mZds OsdZmMo g` [Z^`nUo gmJ, _mUgmMo
na_gmX` H$moU`mhs Hw$nVoMs nmg Z ~miJVm
gmJ ho `m nwVH$mZs _bm gm[JVbo.
_s H$mhshs ZhVmo. H$moUshs ZhVmo. Am[U `m
nwVH$mZs _bm nwVH$mMo EH$ N>moQo>go PmS> Ho$bo
Am[U _m`m [V^obm `m PmS>mMs nmbds hm`bm
gm[JVbo.
gnH$ : 9422102396

nwVH$ JwUJwUVmV...

Am

Bbm Amhs _mB hUV Agy. [ejm

H$a`mMs _mBMs gd` OJmdoJis hmoVs
(ho AmVm OmdUV!) ImoS>m Ho$`m,
MyH$ J^sa Agbs [H$dm eoOmanmOma`m H$moUs
VH$ma Ho$bs Va nm`mgmR>s`m EH$m [nVis [nnmV
nm`mV C^ amh`mMs Am[U Ag C^ AgVmZm
hUOo, [ejm ^moJVmZm EImX nwVH$ _moR>mZs
dmM`mMs g$s Ago. [ejoMs _wXV gn`mAmV
dmMZ Wm~b Va [ejo`m _wXVsV dmT> hmoV Ago!
`mnojm H$R>moa [ejm hUOo `mM [nnmV C^ amhyZ
dsaH$am`m [S>eZarVbo eX nmR> H$aUo. EImX
A\$m~oQ> _mB gmJV Ago Am[U `m AjamZo gw$
hmoUmao BJOs eX nmR> H$aUo; ho A[Ve`
H$Q>midmUo Ago.
AMmZH$ nmR> Ho$bo`m eXmVbo H$mhs eXmW
_mB [S>eZar hmVmV KoD$Z aS>_ [dMmaV Ago.
`mMs Cmao XoVm Ambs Va [ejm g_m; ZmhsVa
[nnmV`m nm`mV C^o amhUo Am[U dsaH$amMo
nmR>mVa nwTo> gw$ Agm Vmo _m_bm Ago! dmMZmMm
n[hbm gH$ma Pmbm Vmo Agm. `m OJmdoJ`m

AmdS>Vs nwVH$
amOH$s` ^maV
mZamJ
m{X`mir
~mnboH$s

Cmaam

- ^m.b. ^moio
- hoe EbHw$Mdma
- AZV ^mboamd
- gnm{XV
nX>Om $mQ>H$
Xrnm JmodmarH$a
{dm {dX>dmg
- am` {H$UrH$a

[ejo_wio dmMZ-nmR>mVamda bj H|$[V H$am`Ms

gd` bmJbs Vs AmOVmJm`V H$m`_ Amho. Ow`mnwam`m Q>mBg Am\$ B[S>`m Am[U EH$-XmoZ [Xdg
[e`m Agbo`m "_amR>m'V`m XaamoO 20 Amois
Chmim Am[U [Xdmis`m gw>sV [b[hUo
~YZH$maH$ hmoVo. ho boIZ Pm`m[edm` ZmVm
[_iV Zgo Am[U Ag ewboIZ `mH$aUQ>m
AMyH$ Agbo Va gmVy`m [nR>mV JwimMm EImXm
IS>m [H$dm EImXo [~H$sQ> ~jsg hUyZ A[V[a$
Ago. Xmg~moY, VwH$mam_ JmWm, H$hoMo nmUs dJao
d`m`m ~mam-Voam AmYsM dmMyZ Pmbs (H$ibs
Zmhs Vmo ^mJ doJim). eX Ho$di AjamMm g_yh
ZgVmo, `mbm ^mdZm AgVmV Am[U eXmbm Y_

[H$dm OmV ZgVo hmhs gH$ma _mBMmM; Vmo

~mbnUs Pmbobm. C_bVmZmM OmUrd [dH$[gV
H$aUmam nwT>Mo Am`w` g_ H$aUmam hm gH$ma
Ho$`m~b _mB{V H$VkVm `$ H$am`Ms H$s
O_ [X`m~b? BVH$m hm gn g^_ Amho.
dmMZmgmo~VM nmTo>-ew^H$amoVs H$mhs mo
g`mH$mis EH$X_ "_Q>' hmoVo. nadMm gnbm H$s
bJoM "A[b\$ ~o'gmR>s Omdo bmJo. _amR>dmS>mV

dsU ~XmnyaH$a
Vohm gdM ^mfH$ emimV CXy [eH$Uo H$nbgar
hmoVo; nU, hs g$s ZVa ~X Pmbs. H$i`m d`mV
S>m. [dZ` dmBH$a VgoM Zmam`U Hw$iH$UuH$dRo>H$aMs ^oQ> Pm`mda CXy [eH$U amhyZ Jo`mMs
gb AmOhs R>gR>gVo. "nadMm' Am[U "A[b\$
~o'_wio Cma gwYmaVmV hmhs gH$ma _mBMmM.
(ZVa`m H$mimV A`mg, AdmVa Am[U
nH$m[aVm H$aVmZmMo An[ahm` dmMZ VgoM
lmdUmV `m gd`sMm [dbjU n[aUm_H$maH$
Cn`moJ Pmbm. gdmXsS> VmgmM ^mfU [H$dm
EImm VodT>m doimV gnUm`m H$m`H$_mMs
H$moUVshs [Q>nU Z KoVm AMyH$ [anm}[Q>J H$a`mMs
ebs nH$m[aVoV Am`mda [dH$[gV Pmbs Vs `mM
gH$mamVyZ.) nwTo> _amR>dmS>m ho X[ZH$, AZVamd
^mboamd, ~m~m Xids Am[U nwhm _mB_wio
dmMZmbm [Xem Am[U [eV bmJbs. `m [eVsVyZ
Am[U JWmb` emmMm A`mg H$aVmZm eXmMs
JmoS>s bmJbs. eXmMm _wimW (A[^Ym),
`wnms, Cma em `m`m dmQo>daMm dmg gw$
Pmbm Vmo AmOhs gw$ Amho. `mMm EH$[V n[aUm_
hUOo AmOhs bj Iyn H|$[V Z H$aVm dmMb Var
Iyng bjmV amhV.
dmMZmMs OmJm, doi, _yS> dJao ZIao Vohm
ZhVo, AmOhs ZmhsV. AbsH$S>`m 18-20
dfmV Va [d[M gd` bmJbs`o. H$m`mb`mV EH$,
Kar Xwgao Am[U H$ma_`o qH$dm dmgmV [Vgao
Aem EH$mM dois VsZ nwVH$mMo dmMZ gw$ AgVo
Am[U _hdmMo hUOo EH$mVyZ Xwg`mH$So> diVmZm
gX^ VwQ>bm Ago H$mhsM hmoV Zmhs; gbJ dmMZ
gw$ Ag`mgmaIs hs [H$`m AmngyH$M KS>V
OmVo. ho H$WZ H$aVmZm "hQ>Ho$' dmQ>V`, nU AJXs
ghO KS>V Ag; VwQ>H$ VwQ>H$ Varhs gbJ dmMZ,
ho _m Ia, AmdS>sZ [H$dm AmoT>sZo IaoXs Ho$bob
nwVH$ bJoM dmMyZ hmoV Ag Zmhs. AZoH$Xm IaoXs

Ho$`mda AMmZH$ df-ghm _[h`mZs Vo nwVH$

hmH$ _maV Am[U _J dmMZ gw$ hmoV. H$mhs
nwVH$mZm hmV bmJ`mgmR>s `mnojm OmVM doi
bmJVmo.
nOm \$mQ>H$, Xsnm JmodmarH$a Am[U [dm
{dX>dmg gnm[XV "~mnboH$s' dmMZmgmR>s V~b
Mma-gmSo>Mma dfmZs _whyV bmJbm, Va AUm
To>ao`m "H$[dVo`m dmQo>da' [\$$Z `m`bm EH$hs
[Xdg bmJbm Zmhs. (ho nwVH$ AmYsM hmVs Amb
AgV, Va BV`m H$[dVm dmMZmV Jobobm doi
A` dmMZmgmR>s gH$maUs bmJbm ZgVm H$m?)
ZXm Ia|`m "H$hmUs _mZd m`mMs'~bhs
AgM KS>b. A`wV JmoS>~mob|`m "AWmV'Zo
nXdsM [ejU KoVmZm AWemm`m A`mgmVbo
"go\$ A`wbm`PoeZ'Mm [gmV _mS>Umam
A~mh_ _bmh dJao nwhm ^oQ>bo Am[U bjmV
Amb Aao `mZm Va AmnU [dgabmoM hmoVmo H$s!
AemV hUOo `m AmR>-Xhm dfmV "ZmQ> [dXmD$Q>
_m` S>mQ>a', "bm\o$_s', "EH$m gmis`mZo', "~'
Am[U _hdmMo hUOo "_mZamJ' Aes H$mhs
nwVHo$ _ZmV H$m`_ _w$m_mbm Ambs AmhoV. H$Ys
H$Ys EH$mVmV Vs nwVHo$ JwUJwUVmhoV Aghs
dmQ>V. nwVH$mM ho JwUJwUU [dbjU _obmo[S>`g
AgV; H$Ys EoH$b`?
gnH$ : 9822055799
B-ob : praveen_bardapurkar@hotmail.com

OyZ-Owb 2011

139

dmMH$mMs ngVs _hdmMs

gw

Zsb _ohVm `mZs n{b[eJ hmD$g `m

Z`m H$meZ gWoMs _whyV_oT> amodbs
Vs 1976 `m [XdmisV. "_mimdaMs
_Zm' hm ls. AmZX `mXd `mMm H$m`gJh
H$m[eV H$$Z _amR>s dmMH$m`m hmVs Z`m
nwVH$m`m I[O`mMs [H$sM [Xbs. AmO
_m`da boIH$m`m OmoS>sbm Z`m boIH$mMs
nwVHo$ V`ma H$aVmZm Cm_ [Z[_Vs _y`mMm XOm
H$m`_ Ro>dV dmMH$mgmR>s [d[dY `moOZm hs H$meZ
gWm am~[dV Amho. 1989bm aU[OV XogmB `mMs
9 nwVHo$ amOoemhs WmQ>mV [g Ho$bs. ZVa
kmZnsR> nwaH$ma [dOoVo [d.g. ImSo>H$amMs nwVHo$,
_J AmZX `mXd, [d.g. dm[i~o, emVm eoiHo$
`m`mgmaIm boIH$mMs nwVHo$ H$m[eV H$$Z
`m`m
XO}Xma
gm[h`H$Vs dmMH$mZm
CnbY H$$Z [X`m.
BJOs gm[h` H$VsVsb XO}Xma gm[h`mMm
AZwdmX hm EH$ doJim ^mJ _ohVm n{b[eJ
hmD$gZo Zmdm$nmbm AmUbm. AZwdm[XV gm[h`
hmhs gm[h`mVsb _hdmMm [H$Vs _moR>m KQ>H$ Amho
`mMs OmUsd Zo_Ho$nUmZo H$a`mV H$meZ gWm
`eds Pmbs Amho. [edm` [hXs, ~Jmbs, VobJy,
JwOamVs, CXy, amOWmZs, nOm~s, H$S> `m ^maVs`
^mfoV`m C gm[h`H$Vs _amR>sV AmU`mMo
H$m_hs dmMH$m`m ngVsg CVabo Amho. `m[edm`
Q>s. ~wH$ AWmV Q>mgboeZ ~wH$ hUOoM AZwdm[XV
nwVH$ dmMUm`mMm b~ WmnZ H$$Z `mZm
dmMH$m_`o bmoH$[`Vm [_idyZ [Xbs Amho. AmO
Q>s-~wH$ b~Mo 1000hyZ A[YH$ g^mgX dmMH$
`mMm bm^ KoV AmhoV. `m[edm` 10 dfmnydu
_ohVm _amR>s JWOJV `m _m[gH$mMs [Z[_Vs H$$Z
_amR>s dmMH$mZm H$meZ jomV `oUm`m d
hmoUm`m KQ>ZmMs Zm|X `mVyZ dmMH$mZm d H$meZ
`dgm`mVsb BVa KQ>H$mZm Xa_hm hmoV AgVo.
nmM hOma g^mgX, emim, _hm[dmb` Am[U
JWmb` `m`m 15 hOma gWmZm ho [dV[aV Ho$bo
OmVo.
Cm_ [Z[_Vs_y` d _m\$H$ [H$_V ho gWoMo
_hdmMo hoVy AmhoV. _amR>s dmMH$mZm XO}Xma
gm[h` XoUo, gm[h`m[edm` ej[UH$ d
`mdgm[`H$ jomV hmoUmao Zdo ~Xb `mMm [dMma
H$$Z Am_Mo gmao `Z dmMH$mZm [d[dY jomVbo
kmZ CnbY H$$Z XoUo `mH$So> AgVo.

Am_Mo d[eQ> hUOo boIH$mes MmJbo g~Y

Ro>dUmar H$meZ gWm. boIH$mZm doioda d `mo`
_mZYZ Xo`mMs nanam Amhs Onbs hUyZ
`dhmamZohs boIH$mes ZmVo A[YH$ T> d H$m`_
hmoV Jobo.
AmZX `mXd : A[Zb _ohVm, _mPo dS>sb Oohm
nw`mV _hm[dmb`sZ [ejU KoV hmoVo Vohm `mMs
AmoiI Am[U `mnwTo> _s Pmbs Vs AmZX `mXd
`m`mes. nwTo> dS>sb H$mohmnyabm Jobo Am[U
`mXdga nT>anyabm. `mMs nwVHo$hs `mnyduhs
[ZKmbs. A[Zb _ohVm `mZs n{b[eJ hmD$g
ZmdmMo H$meZ nw`mV 1976bm gw$ H$am`Mm
[ZU` KoVbm. Vohm AmZX `mXd _mOo`m dVwimV
_moR> Zmd H$_mdyZ hmoVo. EH$ [_ hUyZ nwVH$
H$meZmMs gwdmV
H$aVmo`. `mZm [dZVs
Ho$bs Vohm "_mimdaMs
_Zm' ho nwVH$ `mZs [Xb. VoWyZ AmOVm`JV `mMo
AmesdmX Am[U g~Y VodTo>M H$m`_ AmhoV. nwTo>
`mMs gmarM nwVHo$ Am_`m gWoZo H$m[eV
Ho$bs AmhoV.
aU[OV XogmB : H$mohmnya AO~ nwVH$mb`mV Vo
Zoh_s `oV AgV. ~mobVm ~mobVm Vw_Mo "dm_s' ho
nwVH$ [_iV Zmhs Ago gm[JVbo. A[Zb _ohVm
`mZm hUmbo, Vwhs [b[hVm Hw$UmgmR>s?
boIH$mgmR>s H$s dmMH$mgmR>s? dmMH$mZm Oa Vw_Mo
boIZ CnbY hmoV Zgob Va H$m` Cn`moJ?
AIoarg "dm_s'gmR>s Amhmbm nadmZJs [Xbs.
`mM n[hb nwVH$ H$mT>b Vo "g[_Ym'. nwTo> `mMo
Am[U A[Zb _ohVmMo g~Y _wbmgmaIo
hmoVo Vohs `mZm _wbJmM _mZm`Mo. aU[OV XogmB ho
o_i d [dmZ JhW hmoVo. `mMo dmMZhs A\$mQ>
hmoVo. `m`mes AIoan`V VoM ZmVo H$m`_ hmoVo.
Amhmbm `mMm AmesdmX bm^bm ho ^m`.
[d.g. ImSo>H$a - ImSo>H$amMs nwVHo$ _XmVmB
ImSo>H$a `m`m_wio Amhmbm [_imbs. `mMs
bhmZ _wbmgmR>s Agbobs nwVHo$ Amhs W_
H$mT>bs. `m`m _`yZVa nwVH$m`m am`Q>sgmR>s
Iyn `Z Ho$bm. ZVa Xoe_wI Am[U H$nZsH$Sy>Z
gdM nwVH$mMo h$ _ohVmH$So> Ambo. AmO [d.g.
ImSo>H$a Am_`m nwVH$m`m Xw[Z`oV AJH$_mZo
PiH$V AmhoV. AmOhs `mMs nwVHo$ dmMH$
AmdOyZ [dH$V KoVmV.
[d.g. dm[i~o : ho A`mgy boIH$. `mMs

Am_Ms `eds nwVHo$

dm_s
``m[V
dnwPm
Am` So>Aa
ZoVmOs
Pm|~s
g^mOs
dmBO AS> AXadmBO

- aU[OV XogmB
- [d.g.ImSo>H$a
- d.nw.H$mio
- [H$aU ~oXs
- [d.g.dm[i~o
- AmZX `mXd
- [ddmg nmQ>sb
- gwYm _yVu
- AZw.
bsZm gmohmoZs

gwZrb ohVm

140 OyZ-Owb 2011

AZoH$ nwVHo$ Amhs H$m[eV Ho$bs nU ZmZs

nmbIsdmbmMo "we the nation and we the
people" AZwdmX H$$Z [d.g. dm[i~o `mZs
Am_`mgmR>s _amR>sV Amnbo. AmnU ho H$m_
XoemgmR>s H$aVmo` hs ^mdZm ZmZs nmbIsdmbm
Am[U [d.g. dm[i~o `mZs Ro>dyZ H$moUVshs am`Q>s
`m~m~V KoVbs Zmhs ho Z_yX H$amdogo dmQ>Vo.
eH$a nmQ>sb : `mVZm_ Jm_sU gm[h{`H$
eH$a nmQ>sb `mMs nwVHo$ H$m[eV H$aVmZm gmeH$
hmoVmo. H$maU, `mMs ^mfm Jm_sU! hs nwVHo$ [H$Vs
_mUmV dmMH$ dmMVsb `mMs eH$m hmoVs. Zds
[nT>sVbo [H$Vs dmMVsb `mMs _bmhs YmH$YyH$
hmoVs. _m, _mPo dS>sb A[Zb _ohVm `mZm `m~b
nyUnUo Ims hmoVs. eH$a nmQ>bmMs gdM nwVHo$

H$mT>`mda Ad`m VsZ _[h`mV dmMH$mZs `m

nwVH$mMs Zm|X KoVbs. AmOhs dmMH$ `mMs
nwVHo$ [dH$V KoD$Z dmMVmZm _s nmhmV Amho.
d.nw. H$mio - dnwMs n[hbs H$mhs nwVHo$ Amhs
H$mT>bs AmhoV. BVahs H$meH$mZs `mMs nwVHo$
H$m[eV Ho$bs AmhoV. dnwPm ho XmoZ ^mJmVbo
nwVH$ EH$[V H$a`mMo R>a[dbo. qH$_V H$_s
Ho$bs. dnwPmbm VsZ _[h`mVM Xhm Amd`m
H$mT>m`m bmJ`m, BVH$m dmMH$mMm CXS> [VgmX
bm^bm. _J, dnwMs gdM nwVHo$ Z`m aJ$nmV
H$mT>`mMm gH$n [gsg Zobm. AmO dnwMo gmao
gm[h` "_ohVm n{b[eJ hmD$g'Mm EH$ ~S>
Pmbm Amho. `mMs nwVHo$ gdM d`moJQ>mV AmOhs
bmoH$[` hmoV AmhoV.
gwYm _yVu - "dmBO AS> AXadmBO'

2003_`o `mMo n[hbo nwVH$ H$m[eV Ho$bo.

`m_wio gwYm _yVvMm n[aM` _hmamQ>mV _amR>s
gm[h` a[gH$mbm Pmbm. BJOs ^mfoV gwYm _yVvMo
gm[h` [g hmoV hmoVo. Vo gdM AZwdm[XV H$$Z
_amR>sV Vs H$m{eV H$a`mMm Vmd gwYm
_yVvH$So> _mS>bm Am[U `mZs `mbm VH$mi hmoH$ma
[Xbm. `m`m nwVH$mV gJ`mM AZw^dbo`m
g`H$Wm AgVmV. dmMH$mZm Vmo g` AZw^d
^mdVmo.
X._m. [_amgXma - boIH$ [OdV amhVmo Vmo
`m`m nwVH$m`m $nmZo. `m`mgmaIs [dZmoXs
Jm_sU H$Wm [b[hUmam boIH$ _amR>s ^mfoV AmO
Var Zmhs. `mMs Z [_iUmar d dmMH$m`m
ngVsbm CVaVrb Aes 18 nwVHo$ H$mT>VmZm ho
\$m`mMo J{UV hmoBb H$s Zmhs `m~m~V eH$m

hmoVs; _m, `m`m nwVH$m`m H$meZ

gmoh`m[Z[_mmZo `m`m dmMH$mMm doJim MmhVm
dJ Amho ho AZw^dm`bm [_imbo. X_mMo db`
AmOhs H$m`_ Amho.
[MH$Z gyn - "[MH$Z gyn \$ma Xs gmob'`m d
gsarOMs 150 nwVHo$ BJOsV [ZKmbs AmhoV.
`m`m H$moQ>dYs Vs hmVmohmV In`m AmhoV.
`m nwVH$mZs H$mhtMo Am`w`hs ~XbyZ Jobo Amho.
AmVm BJOs ^mfoVbo Zdo XmbZ V`ma hmoV Amho.
Amn`m boIH$mMs nwVHo$ BJOsV H$a`mgmR>s hm
Zdm H$n hmVs KoV AmhmoV. aU[OV XogmB `mMs
"dm_s' Am[U "JYmbs' hs XmoZ nwVHo$ BJOsV
H$a`mMs [H$`m gw$ Amho.
gnH$ : 24476924

gwgdmXmMm gmHo$V
gm

Ho$V H$meZm`m EHy$U nwVH$mnH$s

_hdm`m Xhm [Z[_Vsg~Ys AZ
[VgmXmg~Ys [b[hU ~aM H$gaVsM.
Varhs Vs nwVHo$ Am[U `mMo boIH$ gmHo$V`m
AmVmn`V`m dmQ>MmbsVsb _hdmMo gmWsXma
AmhoV.
Q>sH$md`da - ^mbM Zo_mSo> : g_H$mbsZ
_amR>s gm[h`mV Zo_mSo> `m`m `m g_sjmJWmMo
doJio WmZ Amho. hm JW N>mnVmZm _wUmVsb Vk
ls. gO}amd KmoanSo> `mMs _hdmMs _XV Pmbs.
Cm_ [Z[_VsV H$mJX, ~mYUs, _mS>Us Am[U
Ame`mMo doJionU, m gJ`m JmoQ>s BW OwiyZ
Am`m. `m_wioM gm[h` AH$mX_s, _.gm.n.
nwUo, ^mfm g_mZ nwaH$ma ho `m JWmg bm^bo.
JmdmV`m JmoQ>s - Zm. Ymo. _hmZmoa : _hmZmoa ho
H$ds hUyZ _amR>s OJVmV n[a[MV; naVw, `mM
J d$nmVb _hdmM boIZ hUOo JmdmV`m
JmoQ>s. dV_mZ H$mimV`m VimJmimV`m
_mUgmMo OJ`mMo [df` BW AmboV.
bmoH$OsdZmg nyaH$ Aes bmoH$H$boes gmOoes [M
d _wInR> Amho. Mm`m Amdmsbm dmMH$mMs
_mJUs Amho.
VUH$Q >- amOZ Jdg : AmO`m
AmKmS>s`m boIH$mMs _hdmMs H$mX~ar. gm[h`
AH$mX_s d AZoH$ nwaH$ma, g_mO amOH$maUmVsb [XemhsZVm, _mUgmMs _y`^Q>Vm
ho g_H$mbsZ dmVd BW Amho. _amR>s H$mX~arV
"VUH$Q>' hm _hdmMm Q>nm Amho. MmWs AmdVs

CnbY.
S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a : AZw^d Am[U
AmR>dUs : ZmZH$MX amy`m nwVH$mMm S>m. ^m.b.
^mo`mZs Ho$bobm hm AZwdmX, ~w{_mZ, H$Q>miy,
gdoXZesb S>m. Am~oS>H$am`m nydJhmMs A^o d
[Mao~X [^VsZo `mMo OsdZH$m` H$go gH$Q>mV
AmUbo, ho amy gmJVmV. `m_wio S>m. ~m~mgmho~mMo
AnkmV nby dmMm`bm [_iVmV. AH$mX_s
nwaH$ma m `m nwVH$mbm dmMH$mMs gVV _mJUs
Amho.
loR> ^maVs` ~mbH$Wm : ^maVs` ~mb
gm[h`mMs g_ nanam Amho. gd ^maVs`

~m~m ^mS>
^mfmVsb ~mbH$WmMm 600 nmZs JW ~m~m ^mS>
`mZs gnm[XV Ho$bm. ~mbgm[h` dmMH$mgmR>s hs
CH$Q> _oOdmZsM Amho. _yi 300 n`m`m
JWmMs OZAmdVs 250/- n`mV CnbY.
Am_Xma gm^m`dVs - am.a. ~moamSo> :
_amR>sV Jm_sU OsdZmMo g_WnUo boIZ H$aUm`m
_hdm`m H$mX~arH$mamMs hs H$mX~ar. amOH$maU,
`mMm H$mQw>[~H$ gmmgKf boIH$mZo g_WnUo
_mS>bm`. gmV`m AmdVsbm dmMH$mMm MS>
[VgmX {iVmo`.
VQ>m - ~m~m ^mS> : ~bmT> [~[Q>e
gmo[d MS> bT>m [Xbo`m gm_m` Am[Xdmgs

[^ Zm`H$mMs H$mX~ar. gOZm`m nmVisda

B[VhmgmMo nwZdmMZ H$aUmar. gemoYZmVyZ nwTo>
Ambo`m AX^wV dsam`m H$hmUs`m Mm`m
AmdVsbm dmMH$mMs MmJbs _mJUs Amho.
_mbJwS>s So>O - Ama.Ho$. Zmam`U : ^maVs`
gm[h`mVsb AJUs Ama.Ho$. Zmam`U `mMo ho
nwVH$ _amR>s dmMH$mZs gd H$mao S>mo`mda KoVb.
AZwdmXH$ ls. _YwH$a Y_mnwarH$amMm AZwdmX _yi
_amR>s dmQ>mdm BVH$m gag CVabm Amho. Amdmsg
dmMH$mMm [VgmX [_iVmo`.
bmBS>Zmog - `wPo gmam^mJw : Zmo~ob
nm[aVmo[fH$ [dOoVs H$mX~ar. dmMH$mZm hmXadyZ
Q>mH$Um`m H$mX~arMm AZwdmX Ho$bm Amho ^m.b.
^moio `mZs. H$mX~ar H$es Agmds `mMm dVwnmR>
ho nwVH$ XoD$Z OmVo.
`y H$Z hsb `wda bmB\$ - bwBg Eb.Ho$. :
ho nwVH$ dmMyZ OJ^amVsb bmImo bmoH$m`m
Am`w`mV Am_ybmJ n[adVZ Pmbo. AmVmn`V
OJmV VrZ H$moQ>thyZ A[YH$ [dH$s Pmbobo ho nwVH$.
S>m. AU _mS>mZs Ho$bobm AZwdmXhs _amR>sV
~oQ> goba R>abm Amho.
Jo`m 31 dfmV Vodsg Amd`m Am[U XsS> bj
Vsn|jm OmV [dH$s Pmbobs ~m~m ^mS> `m`m
"Y_m' `m [H$emoa H$mX~arbm gmZo JwOt`m
"`m_Ms AmB'ZVa [dH$_s dmMH$ [VgmX
[_imbobm Amho .
gnH$ : 0240-2332692

OyZ-Owb 2011

141

{dMmamMs [V_m
_m

`m "[V_m' H$meZmMs gwdmV _s

1983 gmbs Ho$bs. AmO `m
H$meZmbm 28 df} Pmbs AmhoV.
2008 gmbs [V_m H$meZmZo Amnbm
am`_hmogd g_ma^nydH$ gmOam Ho$bm. "_amR>s
gm[h`mMs dMm[aH$Vm OnUmao [V_m H$meZ' `m
eXmV _r[S>`mZo [V_m H$meZmMm Jmad Ho$bm.
[V_m H$meZmZo W_nmgyZ "dMm[aH$, gX^
gm[h`, ^mfmVao, s[df`H$ gm[h` Am[U X[bV
gm[h` Aem Mma Vamda Cm_mom_ d Cn`w$
gm[h` H$m[eV H$a`mMo `o` g_moa Ro>dyZ
dmQ>Mmb Ho$bs Amho. AmOda 400 nwVHo$ [V_m
H$meZmZo [g Ho$bs AmhoV. `mM~amo~a
gm_m[OH$ ^mZ Ro>dyZ _hdmMs gm_m[OH$ H$m`},
CnH$_hs [V_m H$meZmZo am~dbo AmhoV.
[V_m H$meZm`m `m dmQ>MmbsV AZoH$
_hdmMs nwVHo$ `m`m [d[dY d[eQ>mZs
JmObs. `mnH$s Ho$di 8-10 nwVH$mMm n[aM`
H$$Z XoUo AdKS> Amho. "dedj' ho [V_m
H$meZmZo 1987 gmbs H$S>_YyZ _amR>sV
^mfmV[aV Ho$bobo nwVH$. Eg.Eb. ^anm `mMs hs
H$mX~ar ZVa gdM ^maVs` ^mfmV A[Ve`
JmObs d bmoH$[` R>abs. [VMm AZwdmX AmO`m
JmObo`m ^mfmVaH$ma C_m Hw$bH$Uu `mZs Ho$bm
hmoVm.
gm[h` AH$mX_s, [Xs `mZs W_M mXo[eH$
^mfoV ^mfmV[aV Ho$bo`m gm[h`mbm nwaH$ma
Xo`mg `m dfu ma^ Ho$bm d Vmo nwaH$ma
[_i[d`mMm _mZ gdW_ [V_m H$meZm`m `m

"dedj'bm [_imbm. [d[dY ^mfmVsb Cm_mom_

gm[h` _amR>sV AmUUm`m [V_m H$meZm`m
H$m`mMm hm JmadM Amho.
"snwf VwbZm ' (Vmam~mB qeXo - 1882) ho
S>m. [dbmg Imobo `mZs gnm[XV Ho$bobo nwVH$, ho
`m [df`mdarb AmOdaMo CH$Q> d A`mgZs`
nwVH$ R>abo Amho. (W_mdms 1997) ^maVmVsb
s_w$s AmXmobZm`m dmQ>MmbsVsb "snwf
VwbZm' hm A`V _hdmMm XVEodO _mZbm
OmVmo. `m AWmZo `m [df`md[ab gImob, gdmJsU
A`mg H$aUmao ho nwVH$ Amho. gnm[XV nwVH$
H$go n[anyU Agmdo, `mMm hm JW EH$ AmXe Z_wZm
Amho. _hmamQ>mVsb gd [dmnsR>m`m
A`mgH$_mV hm JW g_m[dQ> Amho. `m JWm`m

AU nmaJmdH$a
[Z[_VsgmR>s S>m. [dbmg Imobo `mZs AVmoZmV
n[al_ KoVbo AmhoV. H$meZ hUyZ _shs `m`m
[Z[_VsVsb _hdm`m ^mJmgmR>s bjUs`
`moJXmZ Ho$bo Amho.
"s [dH$mgm`m nmD$bIwUm', "s [dH$mgmMo
Zdo [j[VO', "{`mMs eVno' hs _hmamQ>mVsb
{`mZs [d[dY jomV Jo`m H$mhs eVH$mnmgyZ
Ho$bobo XIbn `moJXmZ AYmoao[IV H$aUmar
gnm[XV nwVHo$ S>m. dmVs H$d} `mZs
A`mgnyUar`m V`ma Ho$bs AmhoV. [V_m
H$meZmZo Vs [g Ho$bs AmhoV. s[ejU,

mPr AmdS>Vr nwVHo$

hoe EbHw$Mdma,

ZmQ>H$H$ma d b{bVboIH$
hm^maV
kmZodar
gJ VwH$mam
dma AS> nrg
- Leo Tolstoy
~Xg H$mamPmd
- Dostoevsky
X AmoS> Z AS> X gr - Ernest Hemingway
Jog Am$ amW
- John Steinbeck
hmQ> Am$ X Q>a
- Graham Greene
mBS> AS> o`wS>rg - Jan Austen
Qy> {H$b A mqH$J~S> - Harper lee

142 OyZ-Owb 2011

`mo{V^mH$a O`V gmiJmdH$a

Y_emmMm B[Vhmg
Am`m`m gUmMm B[Vhmg
lsXmg~moY
ImoJsa^aVs
gmao dmgs KS>sMo
gJsV gm^
dZ Am[U BVa JmoQ>s
H$[dH$Wm
O`_Jbm
nMXes

- nm.dm. H$mUo
- F$doXs
- g_W am_Xmg
- nw.b.XoenmSo>
- O`dV Xids
- AUmgmho~
[H$bm}H$a
- nw.^m.^mdo
- [dmYa JmoIbo
- H$[d `edV
-

s[dH$mg `m~m~VMo _hmamQ>mMo AJoga H$m` d

`mbm Jo`m EH$-XsS> XeH$mV [_imbobo
emgH$s` d gm_m[OH$ Vamdarb `e `m
nmd^y_sda [V_m H$meZmZo gmV`mZo d AJXs
Ama^s`m JWmnmgyZ Aem s[df`H$ H$m[VH$mar
JWmMo H$meZ Ho$bo `mMo _mob _hdmMo Amho.
"s MidisMm _mJmodm' gnmXZ S>m. _oYm
Zm[ZdSo>H$a, "s ZmMs dmQ>Mmb n[adVZm`m
[XeoZo' bo[IH$m S>m. [dwV ^mJdV hs AesM
{`m`m Zmdarb _hdmMs nwVHo$ [V_m
H$meZmZo [g Ho$bs AmhoV. Aem A`mgnyU
nwVH$m`m [Z[_Vs_mJo H$meH$ hUyZ _shs VsZVsZ Mma-Mma df} n[al_nydH$ H$m` Ho$bo Amho.
_hmamQ>m`m dMm[aH$ OS>U-KS>UsV,
g_mOmMo ~moYZ H$a`m`m H$m`mV [V_m
H$meZmZo Ho$bo`m Aem [d[dY J Wm`m
[Z[_Vs_mJsb KoVbo`m AWH$ H$Q>mMo AmO _mJo
diyZ nmhVmZm _bm g_mYmZ dmQ>Vo. `mM dMm[aH$
d ~moYZna JW[Z[_Vs`m nanaoV [V_m
H$meZmZo [g Ho$bo`m d [d[dY nmVisda
_amR>s dmMH$mZs, g_mOmZo dmJV Ho$bo`m
JWm_`o "OJm`Mo H$emgmR>s?' : m. [Z_bHw$_ma
\$S>Hw$bo, "dmL>_`o[VhmgmMs gH$nZm': S>m. X.
[X. nwSo>, "_hmamQ>mVsb Om[VgWm[df`H$
[dMma': S>m. `edV gw_V/S>m. X.[X. nwSo>, "gw\$s
gXm`mMo AVaJ' : S>m. Abs_ dH$sb , "nH$ma
S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a': S>m. JJmYa nmZVmdUo,
"S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$amMo [ZdS>H$ boI' : S>m.
JJmYa nmZVmdUo, "CXy amQ>s` H$[dVm' : S>m. _sa
BghmH$ eoI , "gmV g$ oMmisg' (H$mX~ar) :
[H$aU ZJaH$a, "gJsV `mm ([hXwVmZs
gJsVmVsb amJmMm AmdmXH$ n[aM`)' : amoMZm
^S>H$_H$a , "g_obZm`j m. am.J. OmYd' :
gnmXZ : AU nmaJmdH$a, "_. Omo[V~m \w$bo :
gm[h` Am[U gm[h`_y`' : S>m. lsam_ JwXoH$a,
"^maVs` naamQ> YmoaU': S>m. eb| XodimUH$a,
"`edVamd : [dMma Am[U dmagm' : m. d.Ho$.
nmQ>sb Am[U ZwH$VmM [g Pmbo`m H$moeg`
JW "H$moH$U : [d[dY [Xem Am[U XeZ' :
gnmXH$- S>m. bsbm Xs[jV. Aes H$mhs
JmObobs, XmoZ Amd`m dm OmV Amd`m
Agbobs [V_m H$meZo.
gnH$ : 020-24478908/24478444

nwVH$mMs JJZ^amar...
Jo

bs Odinmg XmoZ XeH$ A_o`

H$meZm`m _m`_mVyZ, AZoH$
nwVH$m`m [Z[_mmZo AZoH$[dY H$maMo
Cm_ AZw^d _bm KoVm Ambo. d`mZo Am[U
H$VdmZohs `oR> Aem AZoH$ `$tes F$UmZw~Y
Owibm. AZoH$ d[eQ>nyU Ago H$meZ g_ma^
Am{n Ogo`m Vgo _m`m S>mo`mg_moa C^o
amhVmV. `oH$ nwVH$mMo dV:Mo Ago Img ^m`
AgVo. H$meH$mgmR>s `oH$ nwVH$mMs [Z[_Vs
VodT>sM _hdmMs Am[U [Ohm`mMs AgVo.
`m_wio boIH$m`m hV[b[IVmnmgyZ `mMo
gH$aU, `mMs _mS>Us-gOmdQ>, `mM `mo`
_wInR> ~ZdU, `mMs gw~H$ N>nmB `m gm`m
Q>`m_`o H$meH$ `m nwVH$mes EH$$n hmoD$Z
OmVmo Ag hUm`bm haH$V Zmhs. XoIUm d ZoQ>H$m
H$meZ g_ma^ hm H$meH$m`m Q>sZo hUyZM
_mobmMm AgVmo; H$maU, `mZVa I`m AWmZo `m
nwVH$mMs [Z[_Vs [H$`m gnyZ dmMH$m`m hmVs
nwVH$ gmondyZ H$meH$ nwT>`m [Z[_VsH$So>
diVmo.
1995`m [S>g|~a _[h`mV Amhs
"Selected Speeches of Y.B. Chavan' `m
nwVH$mMo Mma IS> H$m[eV Ho$bo. H$. `edVamd
MhmU `m`m A`mgy Am[U oaUmXm`s
^mfUm`m `m gJhm`m gnmXZ Am[U
[Z[_VsgmR>s `edVamd MhmU H|$mMo _mobmMo
ghH$m` Amhmbm bm^bo. nwVH$mMo H$meZ
^maVm`m ggXoV EH$m [deof g_ma^mV Pmbo.
nVYmZ ls. ns.hs. Za[ghamd `m`m hVo ho
Mmahs IS> H$m[eV Pmbo. `mgJs
_m. ls. eaX ndma hohs Cn{WV hmoVo.
AgmM AZw^d Ambm Vmo H$mH$mgmho~ JmS>Jsi
`m`m g_J gm[h`m`m H$meZmdois. `mM
M[a, H$m` d gm[h` `mMo V~b 22 IS>
EH$mdois H$m[eV Pmbo. 6 OmZodmar 1996 amoOs
VH$mbsZ amQ>nVs eH$a X`mi e_m `mZs ho IS>
H$m[eV Ho$bo. EH$mM [Xdes EdT>m _mUmda
H$m[eV Pmbo`m `m gm[h`mMs Zm|X [bH$m ~wH$
Am\$ aoH$mS>Zohs KoVbs.
n`Q>Z jomV AJJ` WmZmda AgUm`m
Ho$gar Qw>g`m gsE_S>s dsUm nmQ>sb `mZs
[b[hbo`m "dmg OJmMm... OJ`mMm' `m
nwVH$mZo Va WoQ> 35,000 \y$Q> CMsda AdH$memV
H$m[eV hmo`mMm _mZ [_idbm. OmJ[VH$
n`Q>Z[XZs ^maV - _m[aeg [d_mZmV [d`mV

A[^ZoVo [Xbsn ^mdiH$a `mZs `m nwVH$mMo

H$meZ Ho$bo. "A_VmVo nOm [OH$Um`m' _amR>s
^mfoVsb nwVH$m`m `m JJZ^amarMs Zm|Xhs nwhm
EH$Xm "[bH$m ~wg'_`o Pmbs.
ghH$ma_hfu H$. ^mD$gmho~
WmoamV `m`m "A_V_WZ' `m
Am_M[am`m H$meZm~bhs
AmdOyZ gmJmdg dmQ>V.
^mD$gmho~mM ghH$ma jomVb
H$m` BVH$ _mobmM hmoV H$s gJ_Zoa
Am[U `m`m Amgnmg`m
JmdmJmdmVbo bmoH$ `mZs OmoS>bo.
`m`m `m Am_M[am`m
H$meZmgJs bmoH$mMs A_mn JXu
bmoQ>bs hmoVs. Vs nmhyZ Hw$Um
amOH$s` H$m`H$`mMs g^m Va
Zmhs Zm, Ag dmQ>V hmoV. lmo`mMs hs XmX
AWmVM ^mD$gmho~m`m H$m`mbm hmoVs. hmM

Chmg bmQ>H$a
AZw^d "H$fs H$mVsMo goZmZs - AUmgmho~ [eXo'
`m nwVH$ H$meZm`m dois Ambm. _m. ls. eaX
ndma `m`m hVo `m nwVH$mM H$meZ Pmb.
`mhs dois AUmgmho~m`m H$m`mbm gbm_
H$a`mgmR>s eoVsjomVbo Zm_dV Vk, emk
`m`mnmgyZ Vo gm_m` eoVH$`mn`V eoH$S>mo bmoH$
Cn{WV hmoVo.
M[a Zm`H$mM [H$dm nwVH$m`m boIH$mM
H$m` g_mOmV eodQ>`m Vamn`V nmoMbob Agob,
Va [^ [^ _VmMo bmoH$hs _V^oX [dg$Z
`m`m H$m`mbm gbm_ H$a`mgmR>s EH$m _Mmda
Cn{WV amhVmV, `mMs [MVs "[d>bZm_m' Am[U
"bmoH$ZoVm-JmonsZmW _wSo>' `m XmoZ nwVH$m~m~V
Ambs. gm_m[OH$, Ammo[JH$ jomV gmV`mZo
H$m`aV AgUm`m Am[U [d[dY gWm`m
_m`_mVyZ AZoH$ OZmon`moJs CnH$_ am~[dUm`m
[d>b _[U`ma `mZs Amn`m Am`w`mVsb AZoH$
AmR>dUtda AmYm[aV [b[hbo`m "[d>bZm_m' `m
nwVH$m`m H$meZmdois _m. ls. eaX ndma,
[edgoZoMo ImgXma ls. gO` amD$V, `mV H$ds
ls. Zm.Ym|. _hmZmoa, A[^ZoVo ZmZm nmQo>H$a ho gmao
OU EH$m _Mmda Cn{WV hmoVo. Va g_moa
lmo`m_`o AZoH$ `mVZm_ CmoJnVs,

gm_m[OH$-gmH$[VH$ d H$bm jomVbo Zm_m[H$V

VgM hOmamo gm_m` OZmZs Cn{WVs bmdbs
hmoVs. AJXs hmM AZw^d ^maVs` OZVm njmMo
`oR> ZoVo JmonsZmW _wSo> `m`m
"bmoH$ZoVm-JmonsZmW _wSo>' `m
\$moQ>mo~m`moJm\$s`m H$meZm`m
dois Ambs. `mMs H$`m
Am_Xma nH$Om _wSo>-nmbdo `mZs
gnm[XV Ho$bo`m `m nwVH$m`m
H$meZgJs `oR> ZoVo
bmbH$U AS>dmUs, [dbmgamd
Xoe_wI B. _m`damgh [H$`oH$
H$m`H$V}, nXm[YH$mar Am[U
JmonsZmWOtMo MmhVo Cn{WV
hmoVo.
JwOamVMo _w`_s Za| _moXs
`mZs [b[hbo`m "`mo[VnwO' `m nwVH$mMm
H$meZ gmohim A[Ve` VoOds [dMmam`m
gm[`mV nma nS>bm. [deof hUOo `m
nwVH$m`m H$meZgJs Iw Za| _moXs hohs
Cn{WV hmoVo. VgoM amQ>s` d`godH$ gKmVsb
[nVVw` Ago S>m. lsnVs ems, ^mOnmMo `oR>
ZoVo JmonsZmW _wSo>, [edgoZoMo `oR> ZoVo _Zmoha
Omoes AmXs Cn{WV hmoVo. _moXtZs `m nwVH$mV
amQ>s` d`godH$ gKm`m `oR> Zo`mZm
AmXamObs dm[hbs Amho. `m nwVH$mMm [df`
Am[U _m. _moXs `mMo [dMma `m_wio hm H$m`H$_
EH$m doJ`mM CMsda Jobm. AgmM EH$
g_aUs` Am[U X`neu gmohim Pmbm Vmo
"hm` ZmQ> Am`?' `m H$mX~arMm! [gs XogmB
Zmdm`m AY _wbsMs Am[U [V`m AmB`m
[OsMs hs g`H$Wm! d`m`m AmR>`m dfu Q>s
J_md`mdahs `m [OsZo Am[U I~sanUo [gsZo
Amnbs dmQ>Mmb Ho$bs d `mgmR>s [V`m AmBZo
`m Y`mZo hs gmW [Xbs, `mMs hs H$hmUs! "hm`
ZmQ> Am`?' ho nwVH$ dV: [gs Am[U [V`m
AmBZo amQ>nVs [V^m nmQ>sb `mZm amQ>nVs
^dZmV gmXa ^oQ> [Xbo. amQ>nVtZshs `m
_m`boH$tMm Img Jmad Ho$bm. Vohm `m
H$m`H$_mgmR>s Cn{WV AgUmao AZoH$ [ZdS>H$
[Z_[V ^mamdyZ Jobo.
gnH$ : 9890490412
B-ob : latkarulhas@gmail.com

OyZ-Owb 2011

143

"gmYZo'Ms gmYZm
^m

aVs` dmV`m`m n[h`m dYmnZ[XZs

hUOo 15 AmJQ> 1948 amoOs gmZo
JwOtZs gmYZm gmm[hH$ gw$ Ho$bo
Am[U `mZVa bJoMM gmYZm H$meZhs gw$ Ho$bo.
Jo`m 62 dfmV gmYZm gmm[hH$ Am[U gmYZm
H$meZ `mMs dmQ>Mmb nanamZm nyaH$ am[hbs
Amho. Xa`mZ`m H$mimV gmYZm H$meZmZo
500nojm A[YH$ nwVHo$ H$m[eV Ho$bs. hs gd
nwVHo$ amOH$s`, gm_m[OH$, gmH$[VH$ d
gm[h{`H$ [df`mdarb AgyZ, `mV M[a Am_M[a Am[U b[bV-dMm[aH$ nwVH$mMs
g`m OmV Amho. g_mO_Zmbm [^S>Umao [df`,
Ame`gn d gmYma [ddoMZ-[dbofU H$aUmam
_OHy$a, XO}Xma [Z[_Vs Am[U Varhs
~mOma^mdmnojm {H$_Vs H$_s hs gmYZm
H$meZm`m nwVH$mMs d[eQ>o _mZbs OmVmV.
"gmYZm Q>Q'_m\$V gmYZm H$meZ Mmbdbo OmVo,
`m_wio nwVH$ [dH$sVyZ [_iUmam gd Z\$m [d[dY
H$ma`m gm_m[OH$ CnH$_mgmR>sM IM Ho$bm
OmVmo.
g`m CnbY Agbo`m gmYZm H$meZm`m
10 gdm}m_ nwVH$mMs-[df` d boIH$mMs Zmdo
nm[hbs Var gmYZm H$meZmMo doJionU,
JWgH$Vses ~`mnH$s n[aM` AgUm`m
H$moUm`mhs bjmV `oBb.
ZmoH$aemBMo aJ : kmZoda _wio
nRo> : 256, [H$_V : 250 .
Jobs 25 df} ^maVs` [dXoe godoV H$m`aV
Agbobo kmZoda _wio g`m _mb{Xd XoemV ^maVmMo
Cm`w$ AmhoV. ls. _wio `mZm OnmZ, a[e`m d
^maV `m VsZ XoemV H$m_ H$aVmZm Ambobo AZw^d
Am[U VoWsb g_mOOsdZ `m gX^mVsb boIZ
Agbobo ho nwVH$ Amho.
_dVa : g_yhmH$Sy>Z dV:H$So> - gwaoe
mXesdma
nRo> : 136, [H$_V : 100 .
20 df} am`emmMo m`mnH$ am[hbobo Am[U
Jobs 20 df} nH$m[aVoV gnmXH$nX ^yf[dbo`m
gwaoe mXesdmam`m gm_m[OH$-amOH$s` [MVZmMm
Jm^m `m nwVH$mV Ambm Amho. 1960ZVa gnyU
OJmMm dmg g_yJVoH$Sy>Z `{$JVVoH$So> H$gm hmoV
Amho, `mMo A[Ve` CX~moYH$ [dcofU `m
nwVH$mVsb 16 boImV Ambo Amho.
H$[\$`V - amOZ Jdg
nRo> : 152, [H$_V : 150 .

144 OyZ-Owb 2011

AmO`m _amR>sVsb AmKmS>sMo gm[h{`H$ amOZ

Jdg `mZs H$mohmnya [OmVsb JmaJmoQ>s `oWo
OmUsdnydH$ dmV` Ho$bo Amho. Jm_sU ^mJmV
amhyZ VoWsb g_mOOsdZmMo Ho$bobo dmVddmXs
[MU hm `m`m boIZmMm Jm^m am[hbm Amho. `m
nwVH$mVsb 35 b[bV boImV mUs, njs, PmSo>,
_mUgo `mMs H$[\$`V _mS>bs Amho. [ZgJ d _mUyg
Am[U _mUyg d g_mO `m`m Zm`mMm doY `m
nwVH$mV KoVbm Amho.
emoY`mm : Jm_sU _hmamQ>mVsb XwJ_ ^mJmMs
- amOm [eaJwno
nRo> : 136, [H$_V : 100 .
m`mnH$, H$m`H$Vm, nH$ma Aes [Vhoar
AmoiI Agbo`m amOm [eaJwno `mZs _hmamQ>m`m
gwdU_hmogds dfm`m [Z[_mmZo Jm_sU

Za| Xm^mobH$a
_hmamQ>mVsb XwJ_ ^mJmMs emoY`mm H$$Z
[b[hbobo ho nwVH$. Odinmg XsS> _[h`m`m
^_Vsda AmYmabobo ho nwVH$ hUOo EImm
[IidyZ Ro>dUm`m H$bm_H$ nU dmVddmXs
[MnQ>m_mUo Amho.
Z noQ>bobo [Xdo - amOm [eaJwno
nRo> : 108, [H$_V : 100 .
amOm [eaJwno `mZm `m`m Am`w`mV ^oQ>bo`m
13 bhmZ _wbm_wbtMs hs `{$[Mo AmhoV.
^[d`mV Iyn H$mhs H$a`mMs j_Vm AgUmar hs
_wbo hUOo Z noQ>bobo [Xdo [H$dm AH$mbs _mbdbobo
Xsn AmhoV, ho gmJUmao nwVH$ H$moU`mhs H$ma`m
nmbH$mbm d [ejH$mbm Zds Q>s XoD$ eHo$b.
_mPs H$mQo>_wT>arMs emim - Jmo.Zm. _wZKmQo>
nRo> : 136, [H$_V : 100 .
JS>[Mamobs [OmVsb Aml_emioV 30 df}
H$m`aV amhyZ godm[Zdm Pmbo`m [ejH$mZo
[b[hbobs hs Am_M[am_H$ H$mX~ar. Am[Xdmgs
^mJmV d ZjbJV XoemV [dH$mgmMs nm`dmQ>
V`ma H$a`mgmR>s H$m` H$am`bm hdo, ho gy[MV
H$aUmao Am[U [ejU jomVsb gd KQ>H$mZm
AV_wI H$am`bm bmdUmao ho nwVH$ Amho.
H$Wm Am[U H$Wo_mJMs H$Wm (^mJ 1 d 2) amOZ ImZ
nRo> : 308 + 280, [H$_V : 300+300 .
A[Ve` doJdoJio [df` Amn`m H$WmH$mX~`mVyZ hmVmiUm`m amOZ ImZ `mZs `m`m

14 d[eQ>nyU H$Wm_mJ`m H$Wm Am[U _yi H$Wm

`mMm XmoZ ^mJmVsb hm gJh hUOo _amR>s
gm[h`mVsb AmJim-doJim `moJ Amho. EH$m
gOZesb boIH$mMs H$WmboIZmMs [H$`m MmbVo
Var H$es, ho gmJUmao _amR>sVsb ho n[hboM nwVH$
Amho.
^maV Am[U ^maVmMo eoOmar - gnmXH$ : _Zsfm
[Q>Ho$H$a
nRo> : 264, [H$_V : 250 .
^maVs` dmV`m`m gwdU_hmogdm`m
[Z[_mmZo V`ma Ho$bobo ho nwVH$ Amho. X[jU
Am[e`mVsb ^maV, A\$Jm[UVmZ, nm[H$VmZ,
Zonmi, ^yVmZ, ~mJbmXoe, `mZ_ma d lsbH$m `m
Xoem`m am``dWm d g_mO `mMs AmoiI;
eoOmar XoemVsb AVJV KS>m_moS>tMm ^maVmda
hmoUmam n[aUm_ Am[U "gmH$' gKQ>Zm `mMm
A`mgnyU AmboI hUOo ho nwVH$. `m
nwVH$mVsb boI _Zsfm [Q>Ho$H$a, H$me ~mi,
Jmo[dX VidbH$a, AemoH$ MmgmiH$a, amOoe
IamV, _oKZm Jwhm-R>mHy$aVm, [bns Kmof, gwgsb
[g[adXZm, AUm n|S>go d Cmam gh~wo `m
Zm_dV A`mgH$mZs [b[hbo AmhoV.
^maVmVsb mXo[eH$ njmMo amOH$maU - gnmXH$
: gwhmg niesH$a
nRo> : 256, [H$_V : 250 .
^maVmVsb mXo[eH$ njmMm CJ_, [dH$mg d
[dVma Pmbm Var H$gm `mMm emoY Ko`m`m
[H$`oVyZ ho nwVH$ AmH$mambm Ambo Amho. _wH$ d
A_wH$, VobJy Xog_, [edgoZm, PmaIS> _w$s
_moMm, Amgm_ JU n[afX, ~hwOZ g_mO nmQ>u,
g_mOdmXs nmQ>u, VU_yb H$mJog, AH$mbs Xb,
ZeZb H$m\$ag `m _wI mXo[eH$ njmMm [Z[_Vs
Vo gmmms hm dmg Am[U `mMo ^maVm`m
bmoH$emhsda Pmbobo n[aUm_ `mMo A`mgnyU
[ddoMZ-[dcofU `m nwVH$mV Ambo Amho. gwhmg
niesH$a, _mbZ Zmam`U, Ho$.gs. gwar, gOsd
Hw$_ma d dsU am`, g`m Jmodm_s, E.Ho$. d_m,
nm`Z ^>mMm`, AmewVmof Hw$_ma, aoIm MmYar hs. ZmJ|amd B. amQ>s` Vamdarb A`mgH$mZs `m
nwVH$mVsb boI [b[hbo AmhoV.
PnmQ>bonU Vo OmUVonU - gnmXZ : Za|
Xm^mobH$a d [dZmoX [eagmR>
nRo> : 248, [H$_V : 250 .
ZmQ>H$-[MnQ>, gm[h`, nH$m[aVm, emgZ,
Amamo`, CmoJ, [dkmZ, _m[hVs VkmZ d
gm_m[OH$ jomVsb amob _mSo>g hUmdoV Aem
Zm_dVmMm dmg CbJSy>Z XmIdbm Amho.
gnH$ : 9423866540

Vr

gm{h` gmamgmR>r dMZ~!

Z _mM 1981Mm [Xdg, AMmZH$

H$[dd` gwaoe ^Q> gm[h` gma H|$mV
Ambo Am[U hUmbo, "aJ _mPm doJim'
hm H$m`gJh _s dV:M N>mnVmo Amho. [dVaU
Vwhmbm H$am`Mo Amho. hmo`-Zmhs hUm`Ms
gmo`M ZhVs.
H$maU,
`{$_dM Vgo hmoVo. Am_Mo
dS>sb d. ^mH$a bU
Cnm` amOm^mD$ Hw$bH$Uu `mZs
[dVaU H$a`mMo _m` Ho$bo.
EH$m dfmV Amdms gnbs.
gm[h` gma H|$mMm Am[WH$ d
BVahs `dhma nmhyZ ZVaMs
Amdms dV:hyZ H|$mbm
H$meZmgmR>s [Xbs. ZVa
EJma, $nJYm, PPmdmV,
gaJ, gwaoe ^Q> m`m [ZdS>H$
H$[dVm (gnmXZ d VmdZm[earf n) Am[U gwaoe ^Q>m`m
_`yZVa `m`m AH$m[eV
H$[dVmMm gJh agdVsMm _wOam Ago EH$mnmR>monmR>
EH$ gdM H$m`gJh gm[h` gma H|$mZo H$m[eV
Ho$bo. PPmdmV hm H$m`gJh JmZVnds ls_Vs
Amem ^mogbo `m`m hVo H$m[eV Pmbm. gwaoe
^Q>m`m nwVH$mV N>Xmo~, dm~ H$[dVm,
^mdJsVo, ^{$JsVo, A^J, JPb, hPb, ~mB
Ago OdiOdi gdM H$m`H$ma AmhoV. `m`m
nwVH$mVsb AZoH$ JsV ^maVaZ bVm _JoeH$a,
JmZVnds Amem ^mogbo Aem OJ[d`mV
Jm[`H$mZs Jm`bs AmhoV. _amR>s H$[dVo`m
B[VhmgmV Amn`m CH$Q> JPb[Z[_Vs_wio ^Q>mZs
B[Vhmg [Z_mU Ho$bm ho [Z[ddmX g` Amho.
^Q>m`m gJ`mM H$m`gJhmZm dmMH$mZs CXS>
[VgmX [Xbm. gdM H$m`gJhm`m Amd`m
daModa H$m[eV H$am`m bmJVmV. AmOhs _amR>s
H$m`gJhm_`o gwaoe ^Q>m`mM H$[dVmZm
gdm[YH$ _mJUs Ho$bs. gm[h` gma H|$mZo
1969 gmbs H$meZ `dgm`mV nXmnU Ho$bo.
Vnydu Vo Ho$di JW [dH$s d gmamMo H|$ hmoVo.
gwdmVs`m H$mimV ^s_amd OhmJsaXma, nw.^m.
^mdo, A.g. dm~JmdH$a, S>m. _YwH$a AmQ>sH$a,
dgV dhmS>nmSo> Aem [V^mdmZ Am[U H$gXma
boIH$mMs nwVHo$ H$m[eV Ho$bs. `mVsb nw.^m.
^mdo `mMs "dfmd' hs H$mX~ar Iyn JmObs.
EH$ [Xdg Am_Mo dS>sb ls. _mVs

[MV_ntZm ^oQ>m`bm d `mMo [bImU dmMm`bm

ZdoJmdbm Jobo. `m dois _mVamd ZdoJmd `oWo
dZm[YH$mar hUyZ H$m`aV hmoVo. ZmJnya Vo
JmoR>UJmd Aes XwnmaMs ~g hmoVs. dmQ>oV ZdoJmd
bmJVo. `mZwgma ~gZo [ZKmbo Am[U dmQo>V ~g
[~KS>bs. ~g XwV H$$Z
nmohmoMbs `m dois ~arM am
Pmbs hmoVs. ZdoJmdMm n[aga
gmam OJbmMmM
[H$a@@@
AYma, EdT>m ams _mVamdmMo
Ka Hw$Ro> Am[U H$go emoYm`Mo?
_moR>m ZM hmoVm. eodQ>s ~m~m
JmoR>UJmdbm Jobo. `m AYm`m
ams ~g_`oM _w$m_ Ho$bm
Am[U gH$mis CR>`mda `mM
~gZo naV ZdoJmd JmR>bo. `m
H$miamsZVaMs nhmQ> _m
gm[h` gma H|$mgmR>s Q>[ZJ
nmBQ>
R>abs.
gH$mis
_mVamdmMs ^oQ> Pmbs. `mZmhs
AmM` dmQ>b H$s EdT>m gH$mis `mZm Hw$R>bs
~g [_imbs? XmoZ [Xdg ~m~mZs ZdoJmdbm _w$m_

_H$aX Hw$bH$Uu
H$$Z _mVamdmMo gd [bImU dmMbo Am[U
~m~mZm OUy I[OZmM Jdgbm. BVHo$ gwXa, g_,
AOmoS> [bImU AmOn`V dV_mZnm`m \$mBbsV
EH$m AWmZo asVM nSy>Z hmoVo. `m [bImUmV H$m`
ZhVo, _Z hadyZ Q>mH$Umao [ZgJmMo gwXa dUZ hmoVo.
new-njs, H$sQ>H$ d m`mMo gy_ A``Z,
[ZarjU hmoVo. dZdmgs`mMo aoIsd aoImQ>Z hmoVo.
Zho-Zho Jo`m 30 dfmVsb EH$m Aa`dmgs
A`mgH$mMm gn A`mg, `mgJ `mV XS>bobm
hmoVm Am[U Vmohs b[bV ebsV, ebsXma ^mfoV.
gd boI dmMbo Am[U ~m~mZs [ZYma Ho$bm, ~g ho
gd [bImU nwVH$$nmZo H$m[eV H$am`Mo. H$mhs
boImMs [ZdS> Ho$bs Am[U "njs Om` [XJVam' ho
[MV_ntMo n[hbo nwVH$ 1983`m \o$~wdmar
_[h`mV gm[h` gma H|$mZo H$m[eV Ho$bo.
nwTo> _mVamdmZs n[jH$moemMs H$nZm _mS>bs.
_mVamdmZm `mMo gd [bImU H$m[eV H$a`mMo
AmdmgZ [Xbo hmoVo. n{jH$moe H$aUo ho AmdmgZ
hmoVo. gm.. H|$mZo ho AmhmZ dsH$mabo.
n{jH$moem`m [Z[_VsMm dmg gWJVsZo nU

ZoQ>mZo Mmby hmoVm. _hmamQ>^a `mMm Mma Mmby

hmoVm. dmMH$mZmhs H$moem~m~V MS> CgwH$Vm
hmoVs. H$meZmAmYsM H$moembm bmoH$[`Vm [_iV
hmoVs. H$mhtZm `m H$moem`m [Z[_VsMo lo`
Amn`mbm [_imdo Ago dmQ>V hmoVo. Vgo `Zhs
Pmbo. _mVamdmZm _mohmV AS>H$[d`mMm `Zhs
Pmbm; nU, _mVamd _mohmbm ~is nS>bo ZmhsV.
_moR>_moR>m `$sZm Am[U _moR>_moR>m aH$_obmhs
de Pmbo ZmhsV.
gm[h` gma H|$mZo AmOda dmMH$mZm
H$mhsVar ZdsZ Am[U d[eQ>nyU nwVH$ Xo`mMm
`Z Ho$bm Amho. Ogo _amR>s bmj[UH$ eXH$moe,
H$m`wQ>a eXH$moe, 96 Hw$io d g AmS>Zmdo
`mV _amR>m`m AmS>Zmdm~amo~aM `mMo Hw$iZmd
d Jmo ~Xbbo Amho. `mV JsVH$ma d gJsV
[XXeH$ _m So> `m`m _yi ~Jmbs Am_M[amMm
_amR>s AZwdmX "Os~Zoa ObgmKao', AQ>b [~hmar
dmOno`s `m`m bmoH$g^oVsb [ZdS>H$ ^mfUmMm
_amR>s AZwdmX "A`j _hmoX`!' _amR>s
ewboIZmda AmYm[aV _ _amR>sMm, _m` _amR>s,
n. Odmhabmb Zoh$nmgyZ AQ>bOtn`V`m 13
nVYmZm`m H$ma[H$Xu`m VQ>>W ^y{Ho$VyZ
KoVbobm AmT>mdm hUOoM _m.J. Vnds `mMo
"[Z`Vses H$ama', `oR> J[VUk `m_ _amRo>
`mMs "J[UV d gJUH$' `m [df`mdaMs nwVHo$,
`oR> CmoJnVs, [~S>g Agmo. Am\$ B[S>`mMo
_mOs A`j d gm_m[OH$ H$m`H$V} ls. ^mH$aamd
_wS>bo `mMo Am_M[a "Amhs~s KS>bmo' Aes
[H$VsVar Zmdo gmJVm KoVm `oVsb. `mVsb ~`mM
nwVH$mZm [d[dY nm[aVmo[fHo$ [_imbs.
~mbd`mV hmoUm`m _Yw_oh `m J^sa AmOmamda
AmYm[aV _Yw_ohmgh Zm~mX 36 ho nwVH$ 2010
gmbs Amhs H$m[eV Ho$bo. ~mbd`mV hmoUm`m
_Yw_ohmda AmYm[aV H$Xm[MV ho n[hboM nwVH$
Agmdo. [demIm nmR>H$ `mZs [b[hbobo ho nwVH$hs
AnmdYsVM bmoH$[` Pmbo.
Jo`m 42 dfmnmgyZ gm[h` gma H|$ Aes
d[eQ>nyU d XO}Xma nwVHo$ A`mhVnUo
H$m[eV H$arV Amho d `mnwTo>hs EH$mnojm EH$ gag
nwVHo$ H$m[eV H$a`mgmR>s dMZ~ Amho.
a[gH$ dmMH$mH$Sy>Z nwTo>hs Agmm [ddmg d CXS>
o_ [_iob, `mV eH$m Zmhs.
gnH$ : 0712-2523702

OyZ-Owb 2011

145

dmS>._`mH$Sy>Z {dH$mgmH$So>

amR>s_`o "bmoH$dmL>_`' Jh `m ZmdmZo

nwVHo$ H$m[eV hmoUo 1973_`o gw$
Pmbo d AmVmn`V `m gWoV\}$ gw_mao
900 nwVHo$ H$m[eV Pmbs AmhoV. nwamoJm_s
gm[h`mMo H$meZ ho `m H$meZ gWoMo _wI
YmoaU Agbo Var Ho$di gm`dmXs, amOH$s`,
Am[WH$ [dMma hUOoM nwamoJm[_d Agm AmJh
gWoZo Yabobm Zmhs. B[Vhmg d VdkmZ, H$m`
d H$Wm-H$mX~`m, [dkmZ d n`mdaU `mV Oo Oo
Zdo, mJ[VH$ d ~w{dmXs AmT>iVo Vo gd nwamoJm_s
g_OyZ Aem gd jomVsb boIZ H$m[eV
H$a`mMo YmoaU Adb~bo. bmoH$dmL>_` Jhm`m
gMmbH$ _S>imda ^maVs` H$`w[ZQ> njmMo
gX` AgVmV. VgoM gm`dmXs [dMmamMo
[WV`e gm[h{`H$hs AgVmV. `oR> H$ds
Zmam`U gwd} `mZs hs Ywam ~amM H$mi gm^mibs
hmoVs. g`m ho H$m_ gmR>momar [nT>sVsb _hdmMo
H$ds gVse H$migoH$a H$aVmV.
Amhs [ZdS>bobs nwVHo$ nwT>sb_mUo
^mS>db - H$mb _mg/ AZwdmX : dgV
Vwinwio
BJOs_`o "OJ ~XbUmar nwVHo$' `m
[df`mdaMs AZoH$ nwVHo$ AmhoV. `mV doJdoJ`m
boIH$mZs doJdoJ`m nwVH$mMs [ZdS> Ho$bs Amho.
nU, `m gdmZm H$mb _mg `m`m "Xmg H$[nQ>b'
`m A[^OmV JWmMs [ZdS> H$amdsM bmJVo.
1859 Vo _mM 1867 `m H$mimV H$mb _mg `mZs
"Xmg H$[nQ>b'Mo boIZ H$$Z "^mS>dbs
CnmXZmMs _ybJm_s _s_mgm' Ho$bs. `m `m`m

mPr AmdS>Vr nwVH$o$$

O`amO gmiJmdH$a
_mZgem AWmV
nmVObmMo `moJem - H$.Ho$. H$mohQ>H$a
`moJXs[nH$m
- ~s. Ho$. Eg. Am`Jma
[WAar Am\$ _mab g|[Q>_|Q>g - AS>_ {_W
X. gohZ [nbg Am\$ [dS>_ - Q>s.B. bmaog
JmBS> Qy> Ho$g
- A{dZ hZgZ
X [nMa Am\$ S>mo[a`Z Jo - AmH$a dmBS>
[X. Ag|Q> Am\$ _Zs
- Zsb \$`wgZ
.
g_J dmS> _`
- _hm_m \w$bo
EH$ ey` _s
- nw. b. XoenmSo>
eVno
- bmoH$[hVdmXs

146 OyZ-Owb 2011

[gmVmZo OJmbm ~Xbm`bm ^mJ nmS>bo.

OJ^amV`m Odinmg gd ^mfm_`o AZwdm[XV
Pmbobm hm JW AmOhs "ems` g_mOdmX'
g_OyZ Ko`mgmR>s, g_OmdyZ Xo`mgmR>s
OJ^amVsb A`mgH$-gemoYH$ _mU _mZVmV.
`m JWmV`m AZoH$ [dYmZmZm "gw[dMmam'Mo d^d
[_imbobo Amho. H$mb _mg`m [dYmZmMo XmIbo
gmV`mZo [Xbo OmVmV, `mVM `mMs Wmoads Amho.
H$mb_mg `m`m `m VsZ IS>s JWmMm AZwdmX
H$m. dgV Vwinwio `mZs Ho$bm, Vohm H$m. S>mJo `mZs
`mMm "_mg -EJgMo ^mfmVaH$ma' `m eXmV
Jmad Ho$bm hmoVm.
^maVs` [ddmhgWoMm B[Vhmg : B[VhmgmMm`
[d.H$m. amOdmSo>
amOdmSo> `mMo ho nwVH$ IaoVa AnyU Amho.
mMsZ Am` g_mOmV AmO`mgmaIs H$moU`mM
H$maMs [ddmhgWm A{VdmV ZhVs; ^mD$~hsU, [nVm-Xw[hVm Ago earag~Y amZQ>s
Am`g_mOmV hmoVo; Aem A[Z~Y earag~YmMs

H$me [ddmgamd
nwTo> H$es JVs Pmbs, hm `m nwVH$mMm [df`
Amho. gnyUnUo Eo[Vhm[gH$ nwam`mda AmYmabobs
_mS>Us amOdmS>mZs `m nwVH$mV Ho$bs Amho.
1923 gmbs "[M_`OJV' `m _m[gH$mV `mVsb
n[hbo H$aU N>mnyZ Ambo, Vohm `md$Z nw`mV
JXmamoi _mObm hmoVm. nU, H$m. S>mJo `mZs
amOdmS>mMm gVV nmR>nwamdm H$$Z `m`mH$Sy>Z
nwT>Ms H$aUo [bhyZ KoVbs. Xa`mZ,
amOdmS>m`m AmH${_H$ [ZYZmZo ho nwVH$ AnyU
am[hbo. Varhs ho _amR>s_Ysb EH$ Anyd nwVH$
Amho. hm ^maVs` g_mOm`m "[dH$ma[dMmaXeZm`m gmYZm`m CH$mVs'Mm B[Vhmg
Amho. `m nwVH$m`m AmOda AZoH$ Amd`m
[g Pm`m AmhoV.
ZVa Ambobo bmoH$ : AU H$mio
Z`m Om[Udo`m Am[U _amR>s H$[dVo_`o
_mobmMs ^a KmbUm`m H$dt`m H$[dVm
nwVH$$nmZo H$m[eV H$aUo ho "bmoH$dmL>_`
Jhm'`dNo>XH$ bjU Amho. OmJ[VH$sH$aUm`m
H$mobmhbmV ^m~mdyZ Z OmVm Am[U `yZdmMs
^mdZm Z ~miJVm gdm`m Am[U Z[VH$Vo`m
Ah_h[_Ho$~b nQ> {Q>H$moZ XoUmar, _y`^mZ
OnUmar H$[dVm AU H$mio `m`m "ZVa Ambobo

bmoH$' `m gJhmV Amho. OmJ[VH$sH$aUmZo gm_m`

_mUgmbm OJ`m`m Yw_MH$sV Zo_Ho$ Hw$Ro> C^o
Ho$bo Amho, `mMs BVH$s nQ> Am[U amoIR>moH$
OmUsd g_H$mbsZ H$ds Am[U H$[dVm_`o [XgV
Zmhs. `oR> g_sjH$ ads [H$~hwZo AU
H$mi|`m H$[dVo[df`s hUVmV, ""g_H$mbsZ
_amR>s H$[dVm J^ Pm`mMs' dmhs XoV AU
H$mio gm_m` _mUgm`m [~H$Q> OJ`mMo `mHw$i
[Mhem g_WnUo _mS>VmV.''
[edmOs H$moU hmoVm? : Jmo[dX nmZgao
AbsH$S>`m H$mimV _amR>s_`o gdm[YH$
dmMbo Jobobo Am[U [dH$bo Jobobo nwVH$ Hw$R>bo `m
ZmMo [Z[ddmX Cma hUOo "[edmOs H$moU
hmoVm?' ho H$m. Jmo[dX nmZgao `mMo nwVH$ Amho.
Xadfu `m nwVH$m`m nmM hOma Vs [dH$`m
OmVmV. AmOda _amR>s_`o EH$ bmImhyZ A[YH$
VtMs [dH$s Pmbs Amho. VgoM `m nwVH$mMo qhXs,
BJOs, Vm[_i, CXy Am[U JwOamVs_`ohs AZwdmX
Pmbo AmhoV. BJOs Amdms`m nmM hOma Vs
_mg gaH$maZo [dH$V KoD$Z emim-H$mboOog
Am[U JWmb`mZm ^oQ> hUyZ [X`m AmhoV.
Ad`m 80 nmZmMo ho nwVH$ _hmamQ>mVsb VU
[nT>sbm [edmOs _hmamOm[df`s g`H$ {Q>H$moZ
XoVo.
OdmV : S>m. AemoH$ Ho$iH$a
hm `m dfuMm "gm[h` AH$mX_s' nwaH$ma m
JW. S>m. AemoH$ Ho$iH$a ho ^mfmemmVsb
amQ>s` AmVaamQ>s` nmVisda `wn n[S>V
AmhoV. _wimV ^mfmem hm VdkmZ, _mZgem,
g_mOem, Osdem Am[U gmH$[VH$ B[Vhmg
Aem AZoH$ emIm_`o [dVmabobm [df` Amho.
`m_wio ^mfmem hm A[Ve` [H$MH$Q> [df`
g_Obm OmVmo. naVw, S>m. AemoH$ Ho$iH$a `mZs
A[Ve` gw~moY Am[U gwJ_nUo hm [df` `m JWmV
_mS>bm Amho. AmdmXmH$Sy>Z g_sjoH$So> Am[U
g_sjoH$Sy>Z _s_mgoH$So> Ago `mMo d$n Amho.
"OdmV'_Ysb `oH$ boI dmMVmZm dmMH$mMmhs
`m J^ [XeoZo dmg gw$ hmoVmo [H$dm Vgm Vmo
hmdm, `m Q>sZo Ho$iH$amZs `mMs _mS>Us Ho$bs
Amho.
_hfu [d>b am_Os qeXo : OsdZ d H$m` :
Jmo._m. ndma
Jmo._m. ndma `mZs Am`w`^a _hfu qeXo `m`m
boIZmMm H$gmoesZo Am[U [ZaVanUo A`mg
Ho$bm; _hfu qem`m [dMmamMs nwZWmnZm Ho$bs.

`m_wio `mMo ho gmYma d g[dVa

M[a A[Ve` Cm_ H$mao dR>bo
Amho. `mMm "gm[h` AH$mX_s'Zo
nwaH$ma XoD$Z `Wmo[MV Jmadhs
Ho$bm Amho. [hXy g_mOmMs
gXgX[ddoH$~ws OmJV H$a`mMo
H$m_ _hfu qeXo `mZs Ho$bo. `mZs
~hwOZdmXs
amOH$maUmMm
gmV`mZo AmJh Yabm, nwaH$ma
Ho$bm Am[U nmR>nwamdmhs.
gm_m[OH$ Am[U amOH$s`
Midit_`o BVH$s [H$`mesb
Am[U H$_dsa dmsMs `$s Xwgar
XmIdVm `oUma Zmhs. `m`m
OsdZ Am[U H$m`mMs A[Ve`
Cm_ H$mao AmoiI H$$Z Xo`mMo
H$m_ ndmam`m `m M[aJWmZo
Ho$bo Amho.
AmB - _{P_ JmH$u / _amR>s
AZwdmX : ^mH$a D$daofo
[g a[e`Z boIH$ `od VmobVmo` `mZs
EH$Xm hQ>bo hmoVo, ""dmL>_`sZ H$VsVsb EH$m_Vm
[V`mVsb nmmV [H$dm KQ>ZmV Eo` Wm[nV
Ho$`mZo gm` hmoV Zmhs; Va Vs boIH$m`m Z[VH$
A[YR>mZm`m Eo`mVyZ gm` hmoVo.'' OJ[g
boIH$ - _{P_ JmH$u `mMs "AmB' hs H$mX~ar
`m`m `mM Z[VH$ A[YR>mZmMo CmwJ XeZ
KS>dVo. OmJ[VH$ dmL>_`mV A[^OmV H$bmH$VsMm
~hw_mZ [_imbobs H$mX~ar Amho. Vs 1905 gmbs
a[e`m_`o Pmbo`m H$mVs`m Cf:H$mbmVsb
H$m_JmadJm`m OsdZmMo d bT>mMo EH$ [demb
[M C^o H$aVo. Vo BVHo$ g_H$mbsZ Am[U Agb
Amho H$s, OJ^amV`m Hw$R>`mhs OmVs`m,
dem`m dJm`m dmMH$mbm Vs XrndyZ Q>mH$Vo
Am[U ~XbyZgwm. WmoS>`mV, EImm Xoem`m
B[Vhmgmbm EImXo nwVH$ H$em H$mao H$bmQ>Us
XoD$ eH$Vo, `mMo _y[V_V CXmhaU hUOo "AmB' hs
H$mX~ar!
Znojm - AemoH$ ehmUo
J^sanUo gm[h` dmMUm`m Am[U `mda o_
H$aUm`m _amR>s dmMH$m`m _Zmoam`mda AemoH$
ehmUo `m _mUgmMo _moRo> JmS> Amho. `mM
_mUgmH$So> _amR>sV`m bKy [Z`VH$m[bH$m`m
MidisMo nwT>manU OmVo Am[U _amR>s dmL>_`mda
j-[H$aU Q>mH$`mMohs. Jobs 50 df} AemoH$
ehmUo A[Ve` ~oaH$snUmZo _amR>s dmL>_` Am[U
dmL>_` gH$VsMs PmS>mPS>Vs KoV AmhoV. `mZs
WoQ> ~Jmb_YyZ AZwdm[XV Ho$bo`m nwVH$mMs

g`m ~arM Amho, "mg H$meZm'_m\$V

H$mT>bo`m d[eQ>nyU nwVH$mMs _moOXmXhs _moR>s
Amho. `m_mZmZo ehm`mZs [b[hbo H$_s. `mVbo
[ZdS>H$ boIZ `m nwVH$mV gJ[hV Ho$bo Amho. ho
ehm`mMo Vgo EH$_od dV nwVH$. `mV ehmmo
`mgJmMm AmdmH$m Am[U [Z[ddmX [ZarjUo
_mS>VmV, Vr A[Ve` ~moMar AgyZ dmMUm`mbm
hbdyZ Q>mH$VmV, AdW H$aVmV. nU, Varhs
ehm`mMm hm j-[H$aUmMm _mam dmMH$ gmogV
amhVmo. H$maU, `mbm `m[edm` J`VaM ZgVo.
[ZdS>H$ _wbmIVs Am[U gmoim ^mfUo ^mbM Zo_mSo>
gm[h`mV`m Xm[^H$Voda, ~wdm~mOsda Am[U
`{$Vmo_mda A[Ve` amoIR>moH$nUo AmgyS>
AmoT>`mMo H$m_ ^mbM Zo_mSo> `mZs Ho$bo Amho.
`mM~amo~a `mZs gmR>momar gm[h`g_sjoMm H$g
Am[U H$jm Xmd`mMohs H$m_ Ho$bo Amho.
Wm[nVm`m amhwQ>m - V~y Amn`m A~bI
g_sjo`m dm$Zo `mZs CYiyZ bmdbo AmhoV.
_amR>s H$mX~ar[df`sMo `mMo [MVZhs _ybJm_s
hUmdo Ago Amho. Aem `m H$mX~arH$mag_sjH$m`m [V^m [dH$mamMo, dmL>_`sZ
`{$_dmMo Am{U _yb[ZR> OsdZYmaUmMo XeZ
`m _wbmIVs Am[U ^mfUm`m nwVH$mVyZ
R>gR>esVnUo hmoVo.
`m Xmohs nwVH$m_YyZ Zo_mS>mMm `mgJ,
dmL>_`m[df`sMs Am_s` H$iH$i, ^mfodaMs
[dbjU nH$S>, amoIR>moH$nUm, gSo>VmoS> dVs Am[U

`m`m [dMmamMm nm JmoMa hmoVmo.

`m_wio Zo_mSo> g_OyZ `m`Mo
AgVsb, `mMo gm[h` g_OyZ
`m`Mo Agob Va `m nwVH$mMo dmMZ
A[Zdm` R>aVo.
[MH$ma gwYsa nQ>dYZ -nmH$a
Hw$bH$Uu
amQ>s`-AmVaamQ>s` nmVisdarb
`mV [MH$ma gwYsa nQ>dYZ
`m`m H$ma[H$XuMm AmT>mdm KoUmam hm
~hw_mob JW Amho. [MH$bo[df`sMs
nwVHo$ A[Ve` _hmJS>s AgVmV.
`mMs [Z[_Vshs A[Ve` H$Q>H$Q>sMs
Am[U mgmMs AgVo. `m_wio _amR>s
H$meH$ `m nwVH$m`m dmQ>mbm
OmV ZmhsV. naVw, bmoH$dmL>_` Jh
Zoh_sM Aes gmhgo H$aV Amho. Cm_
[Z[_Vs hm `mMm Y_M Amho. `m_wio
`m nwVH$mMs [Z[_Vs A[Ve` XoIUs
Pmbs Amho. gm_m` _mUyg Am[U
`mMo OJUo hm gwdmVsnmgyZM gwYsa nQ>dYZm`m
[MmMm H|$[~Xy am[hbm Amho. `mMm hm
OmJ[VH$sH$aUmVsb gm_m` _mUyg `mZs Amn`m
[Mm_YyZ A[Ve` ^mdsnUo aoImQ>bm Amho.
`mMm hm A[YH$m[YH$ gKZVoMm Am[U
n[an$Vo`m [XeoZo hmoV am[hbobm dmg nmH$a
Hw$bH$Uu `mZs `m JWmV aoImQ>bm Amho.
S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a gnmXZ - dgV
Am~mOs S>hmHo$
S>m. ~m~mgmho~ Am~oS>H$a `mMo ho n[hbo [M_`
M[a Amho. hm JW EH$mM dois _amR>s, [hXs Am[U
BJOs_`o H$m[eV H$a`mV Ambm. `mbm Cm_
[VgmX [_imbm. ZwH$VmM `mMm JwOamVs
AZwdmXhs H$m[eV Pmbm Amho. Am~oS>H$amMo
OsdZ, H$m` Am[U [dMma `mMs [dgm`m eVH$mda
_moR>s Zm__wm Amho. nH$ma, [dmZ, gemoYH$,
Y_[ddoMH$, [d[Yk, AWVk, amOH$s` _wgs,
ZoVm, g_mOgwYmaH$, Y_dVH$ Aem S>m.
Am~oS>H$am`m [d[dY nbyMo XeZ `m M[amVyZ
XVEodO, dmno Am[U JW `mVsb _OHy$a Am[U
Xw_ui N>m`m[Mo `m`m _m`_mVyZ KS>Vo. `oR>
boIH$ dgV Am~mOs S>hmHo$ `mMm
Am~oS>H$am[df`sMm XsK [Z~Y hohs `m JWmMo
_hdmMo d[eQ> Amho. `m JWmMs [Z[_Vshs
bmoH$dmL>_` Jhm`m nanaobm gmOoesM Amho.
gnH$ : 022- 22873768/24362474
B-ob : lokvangmayagriha@gmail.com

OyZ-Owb 2011

147

A[^Zd dmMH$ Midi

"J

Wmbs'Mm O_ Pmbm- EH$ `moJ

hUyZ! nwVH$m`m [H$_Vs Am[U In
`mM XwQ>MH$ ^oX`mMm EH$ `Z!
JW`dhmam`m Jnm_Ysb nmUs [H$Vs Imob Amho
Vo nmh`mMm `Z!
"JWmbs'Zo `mZVa df^amV n[hb nwVH$
[g Ho$b- XwJm ^mJdV `mM "Sy>~'. Vo H$amS>
gm[h` g_obZmV [g Pmb. Vo gmb hmoV
1975. XwJm~mBZs AmUs~mUs[d P|S>m C^mabm
hmoVm Am[U ~KVm ~KVm `mbm VsH$m_H$ $n
m hmoV Job.
"JWmbs'Mm dV:Mm amoI hmoVm Vmo g_mO
g_OyZ Ko`mMm, `mVsb _mUgmM WmZ
AYmoao[IV H$a`mMm. "JWmbs'bm OmUdV hmoV
H$s g_mO \w$[Q>V hmoV Amho. `m`m AmemAmH$mjm-Anojm dmT>V AmhoV. `mbm Zdo Yw_mao
\w$Q>V AmhoV. `mVyZ [Z_mU hmoUmao CoH$, C_Q>Umao
hwH$ma `$ hmoU JaOoM Amho. Vo A`$ `$
Pmb Va gm`m g_mOmbm H$doV KoBb.
"JWmbs'>Zo Jo`m N>msg dfmV gm_m[OH$
~m[YbH$sMs OmUsd AgUmar EHy$U ghmeo
nmghyZ A[YH$ nwVHo$ [g Ho$bs AmhoV.
`mnH$s Vsg Q>o$ nwVH$m`m Xhm Amd`m Pm`m
AmhoV. `mIoarO "Ms'> _m[gH$ `edsnUo
Mmbdbo Amho. "kmZ`k' hm EH$ _hdmH$mjs
H$n "JWmbs'Zo AJsH$mabm. hs nwVHo$
_hmamQ>m`m Mmby OsdZmes Zmi OmoS>Umar Am[U

148 OyZ-Owb 2011

gwXoe qhJbmgnyaH$a
kmZm`m [d[dY AJmes n[a[MV AgUmar
AgVsb. `mV AmVmn`V VkmZs [b[hbobs e^a
nwVHo$ "JWmbs'Zo [g Ho$bs AmhoV. `mVsb E|es
Q>o$ nwVHo$ boIH$mMo n[hbo nwVH$ hUyZ [g
Amho; Va "JWmbs'>Zo _hmamQ>mV ~mameo JWXeZo
Ho$bobs AmhoV. `mVsb _hdmMo Q>no hUOo
"JW`mm - 1982'>, "JWm_mohi-1986', "~mb
Pw~S>-1987', "[dnwb JW`mm-1993'>,
"JWmbs'Mm R>gm C_Q>dUmar `mVsb nwT>sb 10
nwVHo$ AmhoV. ~bwV - X`m ndma, X[bV
OsdZmMm OmhraZm_mM OUy, AmOnmdoVmo `m`m
50 Amd`m [ZKm`m AmhoV. dmMH$ AOyZhs
nwVH$mMs _mJUs H$aV AgVmV. Cnam - b_U
_mZo, [nT>mZ [nT>m [~hmSo> nmR>sda KoD$Z
JmT>dmM [OU OJUm`m _S>it`m doXZm.
[ghmgZ - AU gmYy, _hmamQ>m`m
amOH$maUmMm, `mVsb gmmnY}Mm d VS>OmoS>sMm
`WmW doY KoUmar doYH$ H$mX~ar. gH$n-gnmXZ
gOsd ImSo>H$a, gOsd ImSo>H$a `m`m
nwZVmdZogh - gm_m[OH$ MidisVsb
VUm`m Om[UdmMm emoY..... Am_Mm ~mn AmZ
Amhs - Za| OmYd, Am~oS>H$ar MidisVyZ
oaUm KoD$Z _moR>m Pmbo`m Am[U g_mOm`m
_w` dmhmV [_giyZ Jobo`m OmYd Hw$Qw>~s`mMs

hs CX>~moYH$ Am[U amo_hfH$ `emoH$hmUs.

Am`XmZ - D$[_bm ndma, Vs EH$ IoS>mV
dmT>bobs _wbJs hmoVs. W_ [Vbm Vs X[bV
Ag`mMs OmUsd Pmbs, `m_wio Vs ehmUs hmoVo,
Va [Vbm Vs s Ag`mMs OmUsd m Pmbs.....
hm gmam ^moJ d `mVyZ VmdyZgwbmIyZ [ZKmbobo
n[an$, J^ `{$_d..... [VMoM ho
Am_H$WZ. [ZemUs S>mdm AJR>m - a_oe BJio CmXH$a, Amn`m gmdO[ZH$ OsdZmVsb EH$m
\$mgMs H$mX~ar..... [dZmoX, Cnhmg, CnamoY,
[dgJVs Am[U AZoH$ J_VsO_Vs `mZs AmoVmoV
^abobs. VmB _s H$boQ>a h`Zy! - amOoe nmQ>sb,
Jm_sU nmd^y_sda Jar~ Hw$Qw>~mV O_ KoVbobm
EH$ _wbJm, n[a{WVses PJSy>Z ^maVs`
emgH$s` godogma`m [V{R>V ZmoH$arV nmD$b
Ro>dVmo. VUmgmR>s H$mhs Aes _mJXeH$ R>aob Ago
Am_H$WZ. gmo`m`m YwamMo R>gHo$ - S>m.
Cdbm Xids, gmXs Aao[~`mgma`m A`V
[VHy$b hdm_mZm`m, H$>a Bbm_s am`mV
Cnojm, A`m` [Z hmbAnoQ>m ghZ H$aV,
Am`w`mVsb C_oXsMs 25 df} dmV` H$aUm`m
S>m. Cdbm Xids `mZs `m Xoem`m AVaJmV
[e$Z, Vo CH$byZ Amn`mnwTo> Ro>dbo Amho.
gnH$ : 9869398934
B-ob :

_mOoMs Zm__wm

amR>s H$meZ jomV AJJ`

g_Obs OmUmar Am[U A[^OmV
gm[h` H$m[eV H$aUmar Agm
Zmdbm[H$H$ AgUmar _mO H$meZ Jh hs gWm
Jobs 60hyZ A[YH$ df} H$m`aV Amho.
"g`H$Wm' `m [Z`VH$m[bH$m`m _m`_mVyZ
_mO H$meZ JhmZo AZoH$ boIH$mZm [b[hVo
Ho$bo Am[U `mMs _amR>s gm[h`m`m Q>sZo
_hdnyU R>aUmar nwVHo$ gmjons gnmXZ H$$Z
H$m[eV Ho$bs. nmMm` H$meZ `dgm`mV
H$meZ
gWoH$So>
AgUmam gnmXH$, `mMo

_hmamQ> am` nwaH$mahs 150 nwVH$mZm m

Pmbm Amho.
Jo`m 2-3 [nT>mVsb ~hwVoH$ _m`da
boIH$mMs nwVHo$ _mO H$meZmZo [g Ho$bs
AmhoV. _mO H$meZmZo AZV H$mUoH$am`m
"Am_Ms _mVs Am_Mo AmH$me' `m nwVH$m`m
$nmZo 1 AmJQ> 1050 amoOs H$meZmg gwdmV
Pmbs. Ammmn`V 663 nwVHo$ H$m[eV Pmbs
AgyZ, _mo[ZH$m JO|JS>H$a [b[IV "[en' hm
H$WmgJh ho _mOMo 664do nwVH$ ZwH$VoM [g
Pmbo Amho.
g m j o n s
gnmXZmMm `mg,
AMyH$VoMm AmJh Am[U XoIUs N>nmB `m
d[eQ>m_wio _mOMs nwVHo$ H$m`_M Amnbo
doJionU AYmoao[IV H$aVmV. ls.nw. ^mJdV,
am_ nQ>dYZ, ls[Zdmg [dZm`H$ Hw$bH$Uu,
JwZmW gm_V Am[U _mo[ZH$m JO|JS>H$a
`mgma`m gmjons gnmXH$m`m CH$Q>
gnmXZmMm R>gm _mO`m H$meZmda Amho.
nw.b. XoenmSo>, _Joe nmS>JmdH$a `m _amR>sVsb
gdmV bmoH$[` boIH$mMs ~hwVmes nwVHo$
_mOZo H$m[eV Ho$bs
AmhoV.
gm[h` Am[U H$bm
`mMm [dMma ho _mOMo
AmWoMo d [dfoe
Hw$VyhbmMo jo Amho.
b[bV
dmL>_`m`m
[d^mJmVsb
_mO
H$meZo hs _amR>s
gm[h` nanaoMm A[d^m` ^mJ Pmbobs
[XgVsb. gmH$[VH$ g[MVmMo [MU VgoM
gm_m[OH$ ZmMo ^mZ hohs _mOMo AmUIs EH$
d[eQ> Amho. H$Wm, H$mX~ar, H$[dVm, ZmQ>H$,
b[bV boI, M[a-Am_M[a, AmR>dUs,
g_sjm, H$bm Vo Am[WH$, gm_m[OH$, B[Vhmg
Aes [d[dY [df`mdaMs nwVHo$ _mOZo
H$m[eV Ho$bs AmhoV; Am[U AmOhs Amnbs
MmoIXi A[^Ms [Q>H$dbs Amho.
ZwH$VmM [g Pmbobm O`m XS>H$a `mMm
"XmXmgmho~ \$miHo$ : H$mi Am[U H$Vd' hm JW
`m [deofmbm gmj hUyZ XmI[dVm `oBb.
gnH$ : 022-23871056

gO` ^mJdV

JW-gnmXZ hs gH$nZm _amR>sV W_ _mO

H$meZ JhmZoM gw$ Ho$bs.
ZdsZ AmdmgH$ boIH$mMo gm[h` AmdOyZ
H$m[eV H$a`mMs _mO H$meZ JhmMs ^y[_H$m
AmOVmJm`V am[hbobs Amho. H$meZm`m
g`onojm H$meZmMs JwUdmm AmJhmZo OnV
[ZdS>H$ [Z CoIZs` gm[h` H$m[eV H$aU ho
_mO H$meZmM `o` am[hbob Amho.
`mdgm[`H$Vonojmhs H$bmH$VsMs _m[bH$Vm,
A[^OmVVm OmUyZ KoV A[^Msgn
dmMH$mn`V H$gXma dmL>_` nmohmoMdU, `m
Coem_wiohs _mO H$meZmZs Amnbs R>iH$
Zm__wm _amR>s gm[h` [ddmV C_Q>dbs Amho.
[d[dY ^mfmVsb gdm}H$Q> gm[h`H$VtZm
Xo`mV `oUmam gm[h` AH$mX_s nwaH$ma
_mO`m gdm[YH$ nwVH$mZm bm^bobm Amho; Va

Am_Ms bmoH$[` nwVHo$

nw.b. XoenmSo> d _Joe nmS>JmdH$a
`mMs gd nwVHo$
nmonQ>s MmH$Q>
- [dmYa nwS>[bH$
dZdmg, nIm,
- H$me Zmam`U gV
emaXm gJsV, Pw~a
[eVy, nS>Kdbs, - Jmo.Zs. XmSo>H$a
Hw$Um EH$m ^_UJmWm
emim
- [_[bX ~moH$sb
~ZJadmS>s
- `H$Qo>e _mS>JyiH$a
nmS>g
- am_ nQ>dYZ
AmR>dUsV`m H$[dVm - gnm[XV
_mP bS>Z
- _sZm ^y
~Y-AZw~Y
- H$_b nm`o
~XbVm ^maV
- ^mZy H$mio
_madm
- Amem ~Jo
EHo$H$ nmZ Jimd`m - Jmar XoenmSo>
amaJT>mJ
- ^mH$a noT>maH$a
nmMmoim
- am.a. ~moamSo>
JmoVmdim
- AmZX `mXd
_T}>H$amMs H$[dVm - ~m.gs. _T}>H$a
`mgnd
- XwJm ^mJdV
Oohm _mUyg OmJm hmoVmo - JmoXmdar nioH$a
_mUg
- A[Zb AdMQ>
H$ga _mPm gmJmVs - Aa[dX ~mdSo>H$a

OyZ-Owb 2011

149

"am

amOhgMm Zsajsa[ddoH$

Ohg H$meZm'Ms dmQ>Mmb gw$

Pm`mbm AmO A`m eVH$mhyZ
A[YH$ H$mi bmoQ>bm Amho.
[edemhsa ~m~mgmho~ nwaXao `mZs 1952 _`o
"amOhg'Ms WmnZm Ho$bs. nwTo> ls.J. _mOJmdH$a
`mZm OmD$Z [_imbo Am[U XmoKm`m `ZmVyZ hs
H$meZgWm dmT>VM Jobs. H$meZm`m
ma^s`m H$mimVM [edemhsa ~m~mgmho~ nwaXao
`mMo "amOm [edN>nVs' ho [edM[a "amOhg
H$meZm'V}$ {g Pmbo.
"amOhg H$meZm'`m H$m_mV _m`m Wmoa`m
~Yy`m-ls.J. _mOJmdH$a `m`m ~amo~arZo _s
1966nmgyZ gh^mJs hmoVmo` nwTo> H$m_m`m
[d^mJUsV 1983nmgyZ hs Ywam _m`mH$So> Ambs.
"amOhg H$meZm'Mo gm_m[OH$ ~m[YbH$sMo
YmoaU, dmMH$mbm gH$g dMm[aH$ Ame`gn
gm[h` Xo`mMs YS>nS> `m JmoQ>s EH$m ~mOybm _s
OnV hmoVmo. `m ~amo~arbm _mPo dmMH$, "amOhg
H$meZm'Mo Zdo-OwZo boIH$ `m`m~amo~a`m
gdmXmVyZ AmO`m gwOmU dmMH$mMs AmdS>[ZdS>
OmJ$H$VoZo OmU`mgmR>s _mPm `Z hmoVm.
"amOhg H$meZm'Mo Jobs dsg df} dmMH$m`m
_Zmda A[Yam` JmOdUmao nwVH$ hUOo [ddmg
nmQ>sb `mZs [b[hbobo "nm[ZnV'. AZoH$ _mZmMo
nwaH$ma m H$aUm`m `m H$mX~arZo [dH$sMohs
AZoH$ CmH$ Wm[nV Ho$bo. `m dfu 14 OmZodmar
2011 amoOs nm[ZnV `wmMm AS>sMeodm _{V[XZ
[Z[_mmZo `m H$mX~arMs [Vgmds Amdmr "_[V
[deof - Amdms' hUyZ [g H$a`mV Ambs.
VsZ XeH$mhyZ A[YH$ H$mi bmImo dmMH$mgmR>s
oaUmmoV R>abobo "amOhg'Mo Xwgao nwVH$ dsUm
JdmUH$a [b[IV "EH$ hmoVm H$mha'. ho nwVH$
1981_`o W_ "_mUyg'`m [Xdmis AH$mVyZ
dmMH$mg_moa Ambo. ~m~m Am_Qo>, nw.b. XoenmSo>
`mgma`m Zm_dVmZs _w$H$R>mZo egbobo ho M[a
gd d`m`m dmMH$mMo [_ AZ _mJXeH$ ~Zbobo
Amho. dmMH$mZs Ajae: `mMs nmam`Uo Ho$bs
AmhoV. dsUm JdmUH$amZs dmMH$mZm AZoH$ M[ao
gmXa Ho$bs; nU, `mMs AmoiI ~ZyZ Jobs Vs
"H$mha'`m M[aH$ma hUyZM.
"_mUyg'_YyZ 1963-64`m gw_mamg EH$
boI_mbm gw$ hmoVo. Vs dmMH$mZm BVH$s AmdS>Vo
H$s OUy MQ>H$ bmJ`mgmaIo Vo nwT>`m AH$mMs
dmQ> nmhVmV. _J, `m boI_mboMo nwVH$ ~ZVo
Am[U Vo nwVH$hs Jobs MmisghyZ A[YH$ df}

150 OyZ-Owb 2011

dmMH$mZm bmohMw~H$mgmaIo Amn`mH$So> IoMV

amhVo. hs AmoiI Amho "amOhg'`m AmUIs EH$m
JmObo`m nwVH$mMs. [d.J. H$m[ZQ>H$a `m`m
[ghV boIUsVyZ gmH$mabobo "ZmPs ^_mgwamMm
CX`mV'. amQ>dmXmMs ew^H$a e$s [hQ>baemhsV
namd[VV Pmbs, Va amQ>Zmembm H$es H$maUs^yV
hmoVo, ho g_mU gmJUmao ho nwVH$ AmOhs

[Xbsn _mOJmdH$a
dmMH$mbm ~mYyZ Ro>dVo.
M[aZm`H$m`m `{$_dmMm doY KoVmZm
[d^yVsnyOm _m H$Q>mjmZo Q>miUmar M[ao Agm
"amOhg H$meZm'`m M[am_H$ nwVH$mMm gmW
bm[H$H$. hm bm[H$H$ m H$$Z XoUm`m
M[am_Ysb gdmV CoIZs` M[a hUOo gw_Vs
XodWis `mZs [b[hbobo "Q>mbQ>m` EH$ _mUyg'.
OdiOdi XsS> eVH$m`m XsK H$mbmdYsn`V
OJ^amV`m Ag` OmUH$mamZm Amn`m
gm[h`mVyZ OsdZXeZ Am[U _y`^mZ XoUmam
[V^dV [bAmo Q>mbQ>m`.
[dkmZ A[YH$m[YH$ bmoH$m[^_wI H$aUo, `mMs
bmoH$[`Vm dmT>dUo, g_mOmV dkm[ZH$ Q>s
OmJdUo `mgmR>s doJdoJ`m dkm[ZH$ [df`mMm
[dMma "amOhg H$meZ' gVV H$aV AgVo. _mohZ
AmnQ>mMs bmoH$[` "_bm Cma hd`' hs
nwVH$_mbm Agmo dm N>moQ>mgmR>s amOsd Vm~o `mZs
[b[hbobs "J_Vemim', H$mhsgo O{Q>b

"Am`^Q>s`' Agmo d S>m. lsam_ JsVmMs gmons

gai "g{Q>[dkmZJmWm', "amOhg H$meZm'Mo
dkm[ZH$ nwVH$mMo XmbZ Aem AmJ`m doJ`m
[d[dYVoZo ZQ>bobo Amho. `m gm`m [d[dYVoV
gdmV CRy>Z [XgUmao nwVH$ hUOo S>m. O`V
ZmaisH$a `mZs [b[hbobo-"AmH$memes OS>bo
ZmVo'. AmH$meJJm AZ Jh-Vm`mMs g\$a
KS>dUmao ho nwVH$ dmMH$mbm EH$m dois [ddm`m
g\$ardahs ZoVo Am[U [IidyZhs Ro>dVo.
[dkmZm`m nwVH$n$sVsb AmUIs EH$
_hdmMo nmZ hUOo A`wV JmoS>~mobo `mZs
[b[hbobo "[H$_`mJma'. A`wV JmoS>~mobo ho `m`m
nwVH$m`m Zmdm_mUo [H$_`mJma boIH$.
gJsVmdaMo "ZmXdoY', `dWmnZmemmdaMo
"~moS>$_', AWem[df`H$ "AWmV' Aes
[d[dY [df`mdaMs nwVHo$ `m`m boIUsVyZ
CVabs. "[H$_`mJma'Mm ^md Agm H$s, [H$VsVar
hwema _wbo [H$_`mJma dmMyZ ems` gemoYZmH$So>
di`mMs _hdmH$mjm ~miJy bmJbs.
[dO` V|Sw>bH$amMo ZmQ>oVa b[bV boIZ[deofV: "amVamUs', "ho gd H$moRy>Z `oVo'?
H$mX~`m Am[U V^boIZgJh, H$[dVm _hmOZ
`m`m "~' Am[U "[^' `m H$mX~`m, _oKZm noRo>
`mMo H$WmgJh Aem b[bV H$bmH$VtZs _amR>s
dmMH$m`m _Zmda Amnbm A[_Q> R>gm C_Q>dbm
Amho.
Zdo [df` Am[U Zdo boIH$ `m~m~V "amOhg
H$meZ' Zoh_sM dmJVesb am[hbo Amho.
"amOhg H$meZm'Zo dmMH$mnwTo> AmUbo`m AZoH$
boIH$mZs `m-`m jomVsb Amn`m H$m_mZo
Am[U `mg~Ys`m nwVH$boIZmZo A`V AmJis
doJis H$m_[Jar C^s Ho$bs. [Xbsn Hw$bH$Uu,
^s_amd JVs, gXsn dmgboH$a hs dmZJsXmIb
H$mhs Zmdo.
_mUyg Amn`m CnOs[dHo$gmR>s H$mhs Zm H$mhs
CmoJ Am`w`mV H$aVM AgVmo. _mPo `dgm`jo
EH$mM dois _m`m dmMH$mMo Am`w` gH$m[aV
H$aVo Am[U _m`m OsdZmMm KmQ> KS>dV ZoVo.
H$maU, nwVH$ H$meZ hm Ho$di AWH$maU gm`
H$a`mMm `dgm` Ago Z _mZVm dmMZgH$VsMm
e` VodT>m gma H$a`mMs _bm bm^bobs gYs
`m Q>sZo _s `m jomH$So> nmhVmo.
gnH$ : 020-24473459

nw

gmR> dfmMs nm`wb[aQ>s

T>sb dfu hUOoM 2012 gmbs nm`wba

H$meZm`m _amR>s [d^mJmbm gmR> df}
nyU hmoVsb. `m AYeVH$mhyZ A[YH$
dfmV EH$ hOmamhyZ A[YH$ _amR>s nwVH$mMo
H$meZ nm`wbaZo Ho$bo. _amR>s gm[h`jomV
H$Wm-H$[dVm-ZmQ>H$-H$mX~ar Aem gdM dmL>_`
H$mamV Amn`m boIZmZo AZoH$ _mZXS> [Z_mU
H$aUmao XO}Xma boIH$ Am[U nwVHo$ nm`wbaZo
[Xbs. JJmYa JmS>Jsi `mMo "H$~wVao' ho nm`wbaMo
n[hbo nwVH$. JmS>Jsim`m H$WmMo, boIZmMo
doJionU Am[U _hd AmoiIyZ `m nwVH$mgmR>s
H$WmMs [ZdS> H$a`mV Ambs. nwVH$mMs _mS>Us,
_wInR> ho VH$mbsZ WoZwgma Ho$di AmH$fH$ Z
H$aVm nwVH$m`m Ame`mbm `m` XoUmao Agmdo
`mda ^a [Xbm. hUyZM XsZmZmW Xbmb `mgma`m
[MH$mamMo AJXs doJ`m nR>S>sVbo _wInR> `m
gJhmbm bm^bo. `m nwVH$mZo Ho$di _amR>s
H$Wm-dmL>_`mbmM EH$ Zds [Xem [Xbs Ago Zho,
Va nwVH$[Z[_Vs`m jomVhs _hdmMo ~Xb
KS>dyZ AmUbo.
"H$~wVao'_mUoM nwT>sb H$mimV Os.E.
Hw$bH$Uu, dgV H$mZoQ>H$a, [dXm H$aXsH$a,
Hw$gw_mJO, Zm.Ym|. _hmZmoa, Jog, Zmam`U gwd},
[Xbsn nwfmom_ [Mo, [dO` V|Sw>bH$a Aem
EH$mhyZ EH$ _hmZ gm[h{`H$mMs nwVHo$ nm`wbaZo
[g Ho$bs. `m `oH$ nwVH$m`m [Z[_Vs_mJo
[dMma Amho, B[Vhmg Amho.
Jo`m Mma-nmM dfmV M[a-Am_M[a `m
dmL>_` H$mamV H$mhs _hdmMs Am[U VodT>sM
bmoH$[` nwVHo$ nm`wbaZo Ho$bs. `m_`o n[hbo
gmYZm Am_Qo> `mMo Am_M[a "g[_Ym'. F$[fVw`
~m~m Am_Qo> `mZs Amnbs nZs gmYZmVmB Am_Qo>
`m`m gmWsZo Hw$R>amo`m`m godogmR>s C^mabo`m
AmZXdZmMs O_JmWm hUOo "g[_Ym' ho nwVH$.
gmYZmVmBZm d`mZwgma gJio AZw^d [bhyZ H$mT>Uo
e` ZhVo. `m_wio am_Xmg ^Q>H$i `m`mes
Jnm _maV d `m `mZm Ow`m AmR>dUs gmJV. ho
g^mfU d[Z_w[V Ho$bo Jobo d ~m~mMo EH$ OwZo
H$m`H$V} gsVmH$mV ^y `mZs `mMo eXmH$Z Ho$bo.
Aem VhoZo `m nwVH$mMs [gVm Pmbs. `m`m
gJhs AZoH$ OwZs N>m`m[Mo hmoVs Vs nmhyZ nwVH$mV
Amd`H$ R>aVsb Aem N>m`m[MmMs [ZdS> H$aUo
hUOo `m dois _ZmZoM AmZXdZmV \o$a\$Q>H$m
_m$Z `o`mgmaIo hmoVo. AmZXdZ Am[U
bmoH$[~amXar H$n `m`m C^maUsMm hm amo_mMH$

B[Vhmg Aem H$mao eX~ Pmbm Am[U _amR>s

a[gH$mZs `mMo C\y$V dmJV Ho$bo. AmOda `m
nwVH$m`m VsZ Amd`m Pm`m AgyZ, `oH$
AmdmsMs AZoH$ nwZ_wUo H$a`mV Ambs AmhoV.
Varhs `mMs bmoH$[`Vm Amnhs H$m`_ Amho.
Am_M[a `m [d^mJmV AgoM bmoH$[` R>abobo
Xwgao nwVH$ S>m. [d.Zm. lsISo> `mMo "Am[U XmoZ
hmV'. S>m. lsISo> ho ^maVmVsb gw[g
e`[demaX. ^maVmMo _mOs amQ>nVs S>m. eH$a
X`mi e_m `m`mdarb e[H$`o`m dois `mZm
_w~BhyZ Img nmMmaU H$a`mV Ambo hmoVo. U
A[V_hdmMs `$s Agmo H$s A[Vgm_m`
VamVbr, `m`mes Am[U `m`m ZmVodmBH$mes
dmJ`mMs S>mQ>amMs nV A[VAmnwbH$sMs, Ysa
XoUmar Am[U __VoMs AgVo ho `m`m d^mdmMo
_moRo>nU. AmZXmM`mMm EH$ gwIX Agm Y$m `m

hf ^Q>H$i
nwVH$mZo [Xbm Vmo hUOo n[h`m _[h`mVM `mMo
nwZ_wU Amhmbm H$amdo bmJbo. `m nwVH$mZo
dmMH$mda EdT>s _mo[hZs KmVbs H$s 2008 gmbs
[g Pmbo`m `m nwVH$m`m AmVmn`V Mma
Amd`m `m hOmamhyZ A[YH$ Vt`m hmo`m,
Amhs [g Ho$`m. dmMH$m`m AZoH$ C\y$V
[V[H$`m ho `m nwVH$mMo _moRo> `e Amho. S>m. lsam_
bmJy `mMo "b_mU' ho Am_M[amMo nwVH$ boIZ
Am[U [Z[_Vs Xmohs ~m~VsV CH$Q> Agbobo. ho
nwVH$ S>mQ>am`m aJ^y_sdarb dmgmMm AmboI
[M[V H$aUmao Amho. `m_wio `m`m [Z[_VsMm
[dMma H$aVmZm N>m`m[MmMs _mS>Us, `mbm
Amd`H$ Agbobm nwVH$mMm AmH$ma `m
gm`mH$So> bj nwadmdo bmJbo. `mMs CH$Q>
_mS>Us eoIa JmoS>~mobo `mZs Ho$bs Am{U `m
ZQ>g_mQ>m`m Am_M[ambm gmOob Ago gw^mf
AdMQ> `mMo "X AQ>a' ho n|[Q>J _wInR>mgmR>s
dmna`mV Ambo.
Ho$di Am_M[am_H$ nwVH$mZmM bmoH$[`Vm
bm^Vo Ago Zmhs. nm`wbaZo `m H$mhs Ow`m
JWm`m ZdsZ Amd`m [g Ho$`m `mZmhs
bmoH$mH$Sy>Z Cm_ [VgmX [_imbm. `mnH$s EH$
_moR>m H$n hUOo Jmo.g. gaXogmB [b[IV "_amR>s
[a`mgVt'Mo AmR> IS>. ehmOsamOo ^mogbo
`m`mnmgyZ Va noedmBMm AV hmoBn`V`m XmoZAS>sMeo dfmMm _amRo>emhsMm hm g_J, g[dVa

B[Vhmg 1935 gmbs W_ [g Pmbm. `mZVa

1988-89 Vo 1993 `m Mma-nmM dfm`m
H$mbIS>mV `m IS>mMo nwZgnmXZ H$$Z Z`m
d$nmV `mMo H$meZ nm`wbaZo Ho$bo. gw[g
B[VhmgH$ma g._m. JJ} `m`m A`jVoImbsb
gnmXZ g[_VsZo `m IS>mMo gnmXZ H$$Z _yi ~mam
N>moQ>m nwVH$mMo AmR> IS>mV gH$bZ Ho$bo.
[a`mgVH$mam`m _`yZVa CnbY Pmbobo AZoH$
Zdo gX^, Zdo ZH$meo, N>m`m[Mo `mMm g_mdoe
`mV H$a`mV Ambm.
_yi _OHw$ambm Oamhs Y$m Z bmdVm Zdm
_OHy$a Q>snm, n[a[eQo> `mmao XoV ho gnmXZ H$a`mV
Ambo. 1988 gmbs `m gMmMs H$meZnyd
gdbVsV Omhsa Ho$bobs [H$_V hmoVs EH$ hOma
n`o Am[U Xa ghm _[h`mZs EH$ `m_mUo IS>mMo
H$meZ hmoUma hmoVo. Ago AgyZhs Odinmg hOma
`$tZs `m gMmgmR>s Am_`mH$So> AmJmD$ ngo
^$Z Am_`mda [ddmg XmIdbm. 1993 _`o
[g `m gMmMoM nwZ_wU Amhs [S>g|~a 2010
_`o Ho$bo Vohmhs bmoH$mZm `m gMmMo [H$Vs _hd
Amho `mMm `` nwhm EH$Xm Ambm. dsg dfmZVa
gmSo>nmM hOma n`o [H$_V Pmbo`m `m gMmgmR>s
nwhm EH$Xm hOmamhyZ A[YH$ a[gH$mZs H$meZnyd
gdbVsV Mma hOma n`o ^$Z Zm|XUs Ho$bs.
_amR>s H$meZ `dgm`m`m Am[U
bmoH$[`Vo`m gd _`mXm nma H$$Z Zdo [dH$_
[Z_mU H$aUmar H$mX~ar hUOo ^mbM Zo_mSo>
`mMs ~hwM[MV "[hXy : OJ`mMs g_ AS>Ji'.
WmoS>sWmoS>H$s Zho, Va V~b VohVsg df} `m
H$mX~arMs dmMH$mZs dmQ> nm[hbs hmoVs Am[U
`m`m gd AnojmZm Iao CVaV Zo_mSo> `mZs `m
H$mX~arMo boIZ Ho$bo. EHy$U Mma H$mX~`mnH$s
n[hbs H$mX~ar 2010 gmbs H$m[eV Pmbs `m
dois [VMs n[hbs Amdms H$meZnyd gdbVsVM
gnbs hmoVs. Ho$di a[gH$mZsM Zho, Va
[gs_m`_mZsXoIsb Zo_mSo> Am[U hs H$mX~ar
`mZm A_mn [gs [Xbs. Zo_mSo> `m`m dmjarMs
V [_id`mgmR>s dmMH$m_`o nYm bmJbs
Am[U Odinmg Xhm hOma Vtda Zo_mSo> `mZm
dmjar H$amds bmJbs. Cm_ nwVHo$, Cm_
[Z[_Vs_y`mgh [dMmanydH$ H$m[eV Ho$bs Va
dmMH$mMm VodT>mM MmJbm [VgmX [_iVmo `mMm
AZw^d 60> dfmV nm`wbaZo AZoH$Xm KoVbm Amho.
gnH$ : 022- 23530303

OyZ-Owb 2011

151

"S>moh'g~Ys WmoSo>go
[b

[h`mMs _bm bhmZnUmnmgyZM

AmdS> hmoVs. hs _mPs AmdS> _m`m
d[S>bm`m_wio Omonmgbs Jobs hmoVs.
_mPo dS>sb MmJbo [MH$ma hmoVo. gm[h`-gJsV
`mMs `mZm AmoT> hmoVs. AZoH$ H$dt`m H$[dVm
Vo dV:es JwUJwUV AgV. "Hw$Ur Zmhs J Hw$Us
Zmhs / Amhmbm nmhV ~mB' Aem ~mbH$dt`m
AZoH$ Amois Vo dV:es Mmbsda hUV. "[H$[_dh
_YwamUm _S>Z....' Aem gH$V bmoH$mVbo MaU
/AYMaU hUV. H$Ys gnyU bmoH$. _s
[b[h`mMs, [M H$mT>`mMs YS>nS> H$aVmo` `mMm
`mZm AmZX dmQo>.
`m H$mimVM _s "AmZX' ho _wbmMo [g
_m[gH$ [Z`[_V dmMV hmoVmo. "ZmZm' `m ZmdmImbs
`oH$ AH$mV "AmZX'Mo gnmXH$ JmonsZmW
VidbH$a _wbmZm CoeyZ [bhm`Mo. Vo _s
CgwH$VoZo dmMV Ago. EH$Xm "AmZX' _m[gH$mZo
EH$ J CVmam [Xbm hmoVm. `mMo nmV $nmVa
H$a`mgmR>s _s `mV ^mJ KoVbm hmoVm. "Mbm
C^mam [eSo> JS>mZmo, gmJa nbWS>s / Z [Xgo
hUwZs H$m` Vwhs Va [h_VdmZ JS>s' Aes gwdmV
Agbobs naMZm s nmR>[dbs hmoVs. `mda _bm
JmonsZmW VidbH$a `mMo n Ambo hmoVo. "[ZXm}f
N>XaMZm Am[U ewboIZ `m~b A[^ZXZ.'
_amR>s nmMdsVbm hm gJ. H$mbmVamZo `m
naMZo_`o ma^mMo n[hbo VsZ eX
Hw$gw_mJOm`m H$[dVoVyZ Ogo`m Vgo C>mU H$$Z
_m`m aMZoV `oD$Z ~gbo AmhoV, ho bjmV Ambo.
ZVahs _s H$mhs Zm H$mhs [bhrVM hmoVmo
IoS>mVbo mW[_H$ [ejU gn`mda _s
[eH$m`bm gmJbsbm Jobmo. [VWo AmadmSo>
hm`Hy$b_`o [eH$V AgVmZm, gm[h`, gJsV,
H$bmo_s nwH$i [ejH$ _bm ^oQ>bo. Am_Mo
_w`m`mnH$ Xm AmnQo> ho boIH$M hmoVo. Vo _m`m
boIZm[df`s gVV MmH$es H$aV. dS>gdW`m,
"X gm[bQ>ar [ana' `m H$[dVoMo _s Ho$bo`m
_amR>sVbo N>Xmo~ $nmVa `mZs H$mMnoQ>sV bmdbo
Am[U emio`m "[dH$mg' `m _m[gH$mV N>mnbo.
_bm Vo [bhm`bm gVV mogmhZ XoV Am[U
"Zmo@mW} [d\$bmo@[nXyfUnX Xy`Vw H$m_mo bKw:'
ho dMZ Zoh_s gmJV. boIZ H$aUo ho _moRo>M H$m_
Amho, Ago hUV. Xwgao gmJbsMo _mPo AmdS>Vo
gH$VMo [ejH$ hUOo O`am_ nwfmom_ Omoes. Vo
OUy H$m` OJVmhoV AgoM dmQo>.

152 OyZ-Owb 2011

Ago boIZ H$aV H$aV H$amS>bm _m`m AmOmois

_s ZmoH$ar`m [Z[_mmZo nmoMbmo Am[U H$amS>bm
Wm[`H$ Pmbmo. H$amS>mV boIH$, H$ds, [MH$ma,
gJsVH$ma, [d[dY emmMo A`mgH$ `mMs Vohm
aobMob hmoVs. AmnUmbm h`m `m jomV`m
`$tMm Zoh OwiV hmoVm. _bm `m gdM `$tV
dma` hmoVo. H$[dVm [b[hUmao AmUIs OdiMo
dmQ>V. _amR>sVbs H$[dVm ~XbV Mmbbs hmoVs.
[VMm [dMma Am[U ne Agbobo n[S>V go ho
`oR> H$ds [VWo hmoVo Am[U `mZm VU hUmdo
Ago nmesVbo "g`H$Wo'VyZ "emVmam_ am_M'
`m ZmdmZo H$[dVm [b[hUmao emVmam_ am_M [eXo ho
H$ds hmoVo. dmL>_`mda A_`mX o_ Agbobo, Cm_
dmMUmao. `mVbo YZ _[\$bsVyZ, JmR>s^oQ>sVyZ
gdmgmR>s ~mobyZ CYiUmao Vo a`V [ejU gWo`m
gXJw$ JmS>Jo _hmamO H$mboOMo mMm` hmoVo Am[U

[_iyZ "$n' `m ZmdmMo MH$_w[V, H$[dVobm

dm[hbobo A[Z`VH$m[bH$ H$mT>bo. nwTo> "$n'`m
gnmXZmV, H$me Zmam`U gV `oD$Z [_imbo. `m
A[Z`VH$m[bH$mV B[Xam gV, S>m. X.[^. Hw$bH$Uu,
hmX dao, d.h. [nQ>Ho$, ^mbM Zo_mSo>, MH$mV
nmQ>sb ^Vs [bhsV. VgoM H$amS>mVbo n[S>V go,
^mH$a [~S>do, dmgVs didSo>(_wPw_Xma), [gYw
AamUHo$ (mMs AiVoH$a), ^mH$a AiVoH$a,
_YwgyXZ gwio, gwYmH$a Ho$. ^mogbo AmXs [bhrV.
1960 Vo 1962 Agm Vmo H$mi hmoVm.
EH$Xm ~mobV AgVmZm emVmam_ am_MmZm _s
hQ>bo, ""EImXs JmoQ> [ZKbs H$s [V`mes
[ZJ[S>V Ago gX^mMo Ag` nwO _m`m _ZmV O_y
bmJVmV. hUOo EImm [R>H$mUs nm[hbob D$Z
Agob Va Ag` [R>H$mUs nm[hbo`m ChmMs $n
_bm [Xgy bmJVmV.'' `mda emVmam_ am_M
hUmbo, ""Vo [bhyZ nmhm`bm hd.''
_J, _s AZw^dbo`m Chmda [b[hbo. Odi
ls[Zdmg [dZm`H$ Hw$bH$Uu
Odi dhsMs e^a nmZo Vo boIZ hmoVo. emVmam_
am_MmZs Vo dmMbo hUmbo, ""ho MmJb Amho nU
BJOsMo Zm_dV m`mnH$hs. `m`m ~J`mda dmMVmZm X_N>mH$ hmoVo. `m Chmbm d{dH$ nmVis
bm^bs Amho. nm[hbobs ``mdV Ch BW [M[V
gm[h`-gJsV-H$bm `m`m gVV MMm aJV.
AemM EH$m MM}VyZ nwTo> emVmam_ [eXo Am[U _s Pmbs AmhoV. `mnojm `mVbs Ho$di dV:`m
IoS>mVbs Ch doJis H$$Z `mMm EH$ boI
Pmbm Va Vmo AmQ>monesa hmoBb.'' _J _s Vgm boI
gjon Ho$bm VmoM "_ZmV`m ChmV' hm _mPm b[bV
boI.
1960`m E[b-_o _`o Jmo.Zs. XmSo>H$a,
ZsamVmB, dsUm, BXyVmB [Q>iH$ Am[U `mMo XmoZ
_wbJo, dmgVs dohmi Aes Amhs H$mhs _S>is
[ghJS>mda`m [Q>iH$m`m ~J`mV amhV hmoVmo.
VsZ AmR>dSo> [Zh}VwH$ AgmM hm a[hdmg. _s ~amo~a
"_ZmV`m ChmV' `m boIZmMo hV[b[IV Zobo
hmoVo. XmSo>H$amZs Vo dmMbo. `mZm Vo AmdS>bo Am[U
`mZs [ghJS>md$Z Imbs CVa`mda _w~Bbm
OmD$Z g`H$Wo`m H$MoarV am_ nQ>dYZmH$So> [Xbo.
_o _[h`mV nQ>dYZmH$So> [Xbobo Vo boIZ `mZs
AmJQ> 1960`m "g`H$Wm'`m AH$mV N>mnbo.
Vmo _mPm n[hbm b[bV boI. nU g`H$WoV boI
N>mnyZ Ambm `mMm AmZX CUmdUmar EH$ JmoQ>
Pmbs Vs hUOo `m boImda boIH$ hUyZ "[Zdmg'
EdTo>M N>mnbo hmoVo. IaoVa, _s _mPo gnyU Zmd
[bhyZ Vmo boI [Xbm hmoVm. _mPo _Z H$mhsgo
[daObo. Amn`mbm boImMo nyU lo` [_imbo Zmhs

AgoM _bm dmQ>V am[hbo. EdT>mV XmSo>H$amMo _bm

n Ambo. "VwPo gnyU Zmd _s _wm_M Jw Ro>dbo.
Vwbm Jw amhyZ boIZ H$a`mV H$m` AmZX AgVmo
Vo H$iob' dJao. _bm Vmo AmZX H$YsM H$ibm
Zmhs. _mPo Zmd nana XmSo>H$amZs H$m XS>dmdo Vo
H$ibo Zmhs. _m XmSo>H$a dV:`m nyU ZmdmZo H$m
Amnbo boIZ [g H$aV AmhoV, Ago _bm
dmQ>bo.
`m boIZmAmYs _s AmUIs EH$ boIZ H$$Z
Ro>dbo hmoVo. Vo hUOo "_JOimV`m `jKambm' `m
boIZm[df`s WmoSo> gmJ`mgmaIo Amho. _s H$[dVm
[bhsV hmoVmo. "_JOimV`m `jKambm' `m
ZmdmMs ghm AmoitMs _mPs H$[dVm emVmam_
am_MmZm _s XmIdbs. Vo hUmbo, "H$[dVm'
MmJbs Amho. H$[dVoMm AW H$dsbm [dMm$ Z`o ho
Ia Amho. nU Varhs _bm Ag gwMdmd dmQ>V H$s
Vwhmbm `m H$[dVoV Omo AZw^d A[^oV Amho Vmo
Vwhs moO_`o CV$Z H$mTy>Z nhm. `m H$[dVo`m
eodQ>`m XmoZ Amois Aem AmhoV:
[H$Vs had`m [OdbJ JmoQ>s A[eM OwZs JmoQ> :
_JOimV`m `jKambm hmoVs BWw[ZM dmQ> . . .
""`m AmoisV [H$VsVar hadbo`m [OdbJ
JmoQ>s H$moU`m? `m H$[dVoVyZ H$iV ZmhsV. `m
H$ds`m _ZmVM amhVmV. `m gmJm Zm [bhyZ''
emVmam_ hUmbo, ""H$mhs Aes Var H$m hmoBZm
MmJ`m a[gH$mbm H$[dVm H$im`bm hds.''
_J _s "_OimV`m `jKambm' hm boI [bhyZ
H$mT>bm. _m`m bjmV Ambo. Amnbm AZw^d
nwH$igm H$m`mV `oVM Zmhs`o.
emVmam_ am_M hUmbo, ""_bm dmQ>V, Vw_Mm
AZw^d H$[dVoV _mdV Zmhs`. Vw_`m
AZw^dmgmR>s Vwhs moOMo _m`_ [ZdS>m`bm
hd.'' _bm emVmam_ am_MmMm [ZH$f dmOds
dmQ>bm Am[U gai b[bV boIZm`m dmQo>bm
bmJbmo.
"_ZmV`m ChmV' hm boI [bhyZ Pm`mda
_mPo AmXw~a ho IoSo> _m`m S>mo`mnwTo> `oD$ bmJbo.
[VWbo newnjs, PmSo>, ZXs, _mUgo, gJioM Zdo
hmoD$Z _m`m nwZ^}Q>sbm Ambo. 1961`m
AmQ>mo~a`m "g`H$Wm' _m[gH$mV _m`m gnyU
ZmdmZo "Amhs dmZam`m \$mOm' hm boI [g
Pmbm Am[U _m`m AmZXmbm nmamdma am[hbm
Zmhs. [OWo Amnbo boIZ [g hmdo dmQ>V hmoVo
[VWo Vo Pmbo hmoVo. `m boImZVa ls.nw. ^mJdV `mMo
_bm "ZdsZ H$m` [b[hVm?' Aes [dMmaUm H$aUmao
n Ambo. `m nmV "Amhs dmZam`m \$mOm' BWo
nwH$imZm AmdS>V Amho. BamdVs H$d}, _mYd
AmMdb, _sZm _amRo> hs H$mhs Zmdo. ZVa _bm

Zm_dV Am[U AkmV `$tMs nwH$i no

doimodois `oV am[hbs. "Amhs dmZam`m \$mOm'
AmdS>`mMo n [dmYa nwS>[bH$mZs _bm
g`H$Wo`m H$MoarVyZM [b[hbo hmoVo.
"Amhs dmZam`m \$mOm' `m boImV
"KwJwadmbm' dmZa nmUs `m`bm ZXsda EH$Q>m
OmVmo. "`mbm gwgarZo ZoD$ Z`o' Aes g[XN>m [VWo
`$ hmoVo. `m [R>H$mUs, "gwgatMo [Xdg' hm g_J
boI _m`m S>mo`mg_moa C^m am[hbm. Am[U _s Vmo
boI bJoM [b[hbm. Ago, EH$m boImV Ambobo
YmdVo gX^ nwTo> nyU boImV [dH$[gV hmoV Jobo.
Am[U EH$mVyZ EH$ CbJS>V "S>moh'Mo boIZ nyU
Pmbo. `H$Qo>e _mS>JyiH$a AmXw~abm ZXsnmes C^o
AgVmZm _bm hUmbo, ""Vw_`m boIZmH$So>
AmUmZs (J.[X._m.Zs) _mP bj doYb. "gwgatMo
[Xdg' ho boIZ `mZsM dmMm`bm gwMdb. hm
H$moUs ZXsH$mR>s OJbobm IoS>mVbm boIH$ Amho.
`m`mH$So> bj m, Ag hUmbo.''
1961 gmbs Jmo.Zs. XmSo>H$a Am[U JVdfuMo
Amhs gJio OU nwhm [ghJS>mda VsZ AmR>dSo>
amhm`bm Jobmo hmoVmo. ZVa Imbs CVa`mda XmSo>H$a
Am[U hsZg ~wH$ Q>mb`m AZVamd [b_`o
`m`mH$So> ams _w$m_mbm Jobmo. `mZs Iyn AJ`
Ho$bo. ams JsV [Xdo bmdyZ gwbmoMZm~mB`m
"nmXmB' `m lw[VHo$Mo dmMZ Pmbo. `mMs Js
Jwbm~m`m [d[dY aJm`m \w$bmZs \w$bbobs hmoVs.
gH$mis Mhm KoVmZm, AZVamd [b_`o _bm
hUmbo, ""Amhs dmZam`m \$mOm hm boI Vw_MmM
H$m`?'' _s hmo hQ>`mda hUmbo, ""_bm Vmo
AmdS>bm`.'' _s H$m` ~mobUma? `mda XmSo>H$a
AZVamdmZm hUmbo, ""Vwhs H$mT>Vm H$m` `m`m
b[bV boImMm gJh?'' AZVamd hUmbo, ""R>ab
_s H$mT>Uma `mMm gJh.'' XmSo>H$a hUmbo,
""[Xbm.'' XmSo>H$amZs nana _mPm gJh `mZm
XoD$Zhs Q>mH$bm. nw`m Z Pmbo`m boIZmMm gJh
H$mT>m`Ms BN>m hm AZVamdm`m MmJwbnUmMm
^mJ hmoVm. `mZm Vgm [ZU` `m`bm Cw$ H$aUmao
XmSo>H$a `mMmhs Vmo _m`mda`m o_mMm ^mJ hmoVm.
nU _bm _mP boIZ "g`H$Wm, _mO'_`oM `mdo
dmQ>V hmoVo Am[U H$YsH$mis [bhyZ PmboM Va Vmo
gJh hs ls.nw. ^mJdV `mZs [g H$amdm Ago
dmQ>V hmoVo. AZVamd _mPm gJh H$mT>Vsb H$s H$m`
`m gy_ ^sVsZo _m`m _ZmV H$mhses AdWVm
[Z_mU Pmbs.
nwTo> H$mhs [XdgmZs ls.nw. ^mJdV (AemoH$,
[d_bm~mB, [d_bm~mB`m AmB `m`mg_doV)
Amnbs _moR>s eodamoboQ> JmS>s (O`dV Xidt`m
eXmV, _mOoMm aW) KoD$Z H$amS>bm Ambo.

Am_`mH$So> Wm~bo. Amhs ^mdSo> Am[U Am_Ms

AmB H$amS>bm hmoVmo. ^mJdV Ambo hUyZ AmBZo
gUmgmaIo OodU Ho$bo hmoVo. OodVmZm ^mJdV _bm
hUmbo, ""Vw_`m b[bV boImM nwVH$ H$mT>m`M
Zm?'' Vo EoHy$Z _s M[H$VM Pmbmo. _s H$mhsM
~mobbmo Zmhs. _J Am_`m AmBbm Vo hUmbo,
""_s `mM nwVH$ H$mTy>`m hUVmo` Va boIH$ H$mhs
~mobVM Zmhs`oV.'' _s hQ>b, ""Vwhs nwVH$
H$m[eV Ho$b Va boIH$mbm AmUIs H$m` hd`?
nU boI Va Mma-nmMM PmboV AmUIs H$Ys
[bhyZ hmoUma? Am[U nwVH$ H$g [ZKUma?''
`mda ^mJdV hUmbo, ""boI [bhyZ hmoVsb.
`mMs H$miOs H$$ ZH$m.'' Am[U Vo nwVH$
H$mT>m`Mo [Z{MV Pmbo. ^mJdVmMs JmS>s
H$mohmnya, H$mJb, ~oiJmd Aes OmUma hmoVs. _s
`m`m~amo~a H$mohmnyabm Jobmo. d.h. [nQ>Ho$,
hmX dSo>a ^Vs ^oQ>bo. "goaoH$mZ'_`o gIm
H$bmbmMs ^oQ> Pmbs. Xwg`m [Xdes AmZX `mXd
`m`mH$So> H$mJbbm _w$m_mbm Jobmo. [VWyZ _s
naV [\$abmo Am[U ^mJdV ~oiJmdH$So>.
ZVa ls.nw. ^mJdVmZs dmadma _m`m boIZmMs
[dMmanyg Ho$bs. gVV oaH$ no [bhsbs. am_
nQ>dYZmZs _m`m boIZmV gVV ag KoVbm Am[U
"S>moh'Ms OwiUs Pmbs. gd boIm`m A[V_
[dMmamgmR>s Mma [Xdg _s ls.nw. ^mJdV `m`m
Kar am[hbmo. nwVH$m`m n[anyUVoH$So> ZoUmar
`m`mH$S>bs MMm, Mma [XdgmMm _w$m_ bjmV
am[hbm. ^mJdVmH$So> [d_bm~mB [Mo `mMs ^oQ>
Pmbs. "_mO'M H$mhs H$m_ `m nmhV hmo`m. hs
"S>moh' H$m[eV hmoBn`VMs nmd^y_s.
"S>moh'_YyZ _bm H$mhs hUm`M ZhVM. nU,
Oo _mS>b` `m AZw^dmMm Iyn _moR>m [dVma AOyZ
_ZmVM am[hbm Amho.
"S>moh' [d[eQ> [b[hVmZm _s OmUsdnydH$
H$moUVm [d[eQ> dmL>_` H$ma (\$m_) [ZdS>bm
ZhVm. Omo AZw^d _Zmes `oD$Z Ro>nbm Amho Vmo
ghOnUo eXmV `mdm Ag dmQ>m`M Am[U VgVgo
eX _bm gmhm` H$am`Mo. `m_wio "S>moh' Oohm
n[h`mXm _amR>dmS>m [dmnsR>mV ~s.E.gmR>s [Z`w$
Pmbo Vohm S>moh H$moU`m dmL>_` H$mamV _moS>V
Am[U `mVb [eH$dm`M H$m`, Agm Z ~hwg`
m`mnH$mZm nS>bm hmoVm Am[U `mgmR>s
m`mnH$mMo EH$ Img g ~mobmd`mMo,
VH$mbsZ [dmnsR>m`m _amR>s [d^mJmMo _wI
Zm_dV g_sjH$ dm.b. Hw$bH$Uu `mZs _bm
gm[JVbo hmoVo.
Amn`m `m nwVH$mZ _amR>sV Zdm dmh [Z_mU
Ho$bm H$m`, Agm Amnbm Z Amho. _bm dmQ>Vo `m

OyZ-Owb 2011

153

ZmMo Cma `m nwVH$m`m dmMH$mZs,

A`mgH$mZs Am[U g_sjH$mZs XoUo C[MV R>aob.
_amR>s [ddH$mofm`m 32`m IS>mV "_amR>s
gm[h`' `m [d^mJmV "S>moh'da S>m. AmZX `mXd
`mZs Oo [Q>nU [b[hbo Amho [H$dm emVm O. eoiHo$
`mZs _amR>sVsb b[bV boIZmMm Omo [dVV
AmT>mdm "b[bV'_`o KoVbm Amho, `mV "S>moh'Zo
_amR>sV Zdm dmh [Z_mU Ho$`mMo hQ>bo Amho,
VgoM _m.Zm. AmMm` `mZs "AZwfJ' `m `m`m
nwVH$m_`o Vgm CoI Ho$bm Amho.
Z`m [nT>sV`m boIH$mZm oaUm Xo`mV `m
nwVH$mZo H$m` ^y[_H$m [Z^mdbs, Agm CnZ
Amho. `mhs ZmMo Cma, `mZm Vgm AZw^d
Ambm Agob `m Z`m boIH$mZs dm A`mgH$mZs
m`bm hdo. AmO`m EH$m AmKmS>s`m boIH$mZo,
"S>moh' hm Amhm boIH$ [_mMm "nadbsMm eX'
Pmbm Amho Ago _bm [b[hbo hmoVo. AZoH$ Z`m
boIH$mZs "S>moh' Amn`mbm oaH$ Pm`mMo n
[bhyZ _bm H$idbo hmoVo [H$dm AJXs AmOhs Ves
no `oV AgVmV.
"S>moh'_Ysb ^mfm AZw^dmbm ghOnUo bJQy>Z
Ambs Agmds. ^mfobm H$gbs Am^aUo MT>dUo
hUOo Vs AbH$V H$aUo, H$[_ H$aUo. "S>moh'Zo
^m[fH$ AJmZo [Xbobs g_s hmhs `m nwVH$m`m
A`mgH$mMmM [df` Amho.
"S>moh' [g Pm`mZVa, Iw _m`m
Jmds AmXw~abm, H$mhs boIZ H$aUm`m `$t`m
_Vo, Vo nwVH$ hUOo AmXw~a JmdmMo dUZ Amho.
`mV AmXw~a`m ~mhoa`m dmMH$mZm dma`
dmQ>Uma Zmhs. `m dfu`m "b[bV' _m[gH$m`m
MmoIXi dmMmH$m`m [ZdS>sV "S>moh' AmdS>`mMo
~hwg` dmMH$mZs H$idbo hmoVo. `mV [d.X. KmQo>
`m`mgma`m `oR> gm[h{`H$mMmhs g_mdoe
hmoVm. AZoH$ dmMH$mZs "S>moh' CMbyZ Yabo.
nwH$i dmMH$mZs nmZs Vo AmdS>`mMo H$i[dbo.
"S>moh'Mm n[aga nmh`mMs nwH$imZm BN>m Pmbs.
Ow`m [nT>sVbo [d`mV g_sjH$ m. am.ls. OmoJ
`mZs, "S>moh'Mm [df` Pmbobm n[aga nmhm`Ms
BN>m Amho Ago _bm nmZo H$idbo hmoVo.
"AmbmoMZm' _m[gH$m`m gnmXH$mnH$s m. gwhmg
^mbM ~mnQ> ho "S>moh'Mm n[aga nmh`mgmR>s
_wm_ AmXw~abm `oD$Z Am_`mH$So> Wm~yZ _m`m
Hw$Qw>~s`mZm ^oQy>Z Jobo. `mZs _bm _moRo> n [b[hbo
Am[U "AmbmoMZm' _m[gH$mV "S>moh'_Y`m
"Amhs dmZam`m \$mOm' `m EH$m boImda [dVV,
_m[_H$ narjU [b[hbo Am[U "S>moh'_Y`m `oH$
boImda Ago narjU [bhm`bm hdo Ago hQ>bo,
"S>moh' [g Pm`mZVa bJoMM ^oQ>m`bm Zm.Ymo.
_hmZmoa Ambo hmoVo. _s `m`m H$[dVm AmdS>sZo

154 OyZ-Owb 2011

dmMV hmoVmo nU `mMs AmoiI ZhVs. Vo H$mhs

H$m_mgmR>s [H$bm}H$admS>sbm Ambo hmoVo. AmXw~a
Odi Amho _s [VWo amhVmo ho `mZm H$i`mda
[VWyZ Vo MmbV AmXw~abm Ambo. nmM-ghm _bmMo
AVa nm`mZs VwS>dV. _s Vohm H$amS>bm hmoVmo. nU
_m`m AmB - d{S>bmZm, ^mdS>mZm _hmZmoa ^oQ>bo.
Am_`mH$So>
am[hbo
Am[U
"S>moh'
AmdS>`m[df`sMo n [bhyZ Ro>dyZ Vo naVbo. Vmo
`mMm IoS>mV`m _mUgmMm gainUm, [Z`mO
Zoh^md _m`m AOyZ bjmV Amho.
"S>moh' [g Pm`mZVa nw.b. XoenmSo>
H$amS>`m amoQ>ar b~`m EH$m g_ma^mgmR>s _wI
nmhwUo hUyZ Ambo hmoVo. [VWo `mZs _mPs MmH$es
Ho$bs. `mbm ^oQ>m`Mo Amho. `mbm KoD$Z `m Ago
gm[JVbo. _J _mPm nmm emoYVm emoYVm `m ls_V
_S>itMs ~arM YmdmYmd Pmbs. `m amoQ>ar`m
g^oV nw.b.Zs _mPs gdmZm AmoiI H$$Z [Xbs
Am[U [MZs ^mfoVsb [g hU gm[JVbs. EImXo
XwSo> ZmUo gmnS>bo Va [MZs ^mfoV hU Amho H$s,
`mV`m EH$m Zm`mMo VmXyi `m Am[U Xwg`m
Zm`mMo \y$b. \y$b ho Amn`m a[gH$VoMo VsH$.
"S>moh' AmdS>bo ho AmoJbodmS>s`m H$mM
H$maIm`m`m H$Q>sZ_`o `oD$Z AmdOyZ _bm
gm[JVbo Vo [dO` V|Sw>bH$a `mZs. _bm Vohm ~ao
dmQ>V ZhVo Am[U V|Sw>H$amZs CnMmamgmR>s
Amn`m~amo~a _w~Bbm `m`Mm AmJh Ho$bm hmoVm.
hs `mMs gX`Vm [dgaVm `oV Zmhs. "S>moh' dmMyZ
_bm nUOshyZ _wm_ ^oQ>m`bm H$[dd` eH$a
am_mUs Ambo hmoVo. "S>moh' [g Pm`mda `mZs
_bm Vo AmdS>`mMo AmdOyZ H$idbo hmoVo `mV
XwJm ^mJdV, _Joe nmS>JmdH$a, dgV ~mnQ>,
emVm~mB eoiHo$, AZV ^mboamd, _mYd AmMdb,
_.X. hmVH$UJboH$a, nm gh~wo, Zmam`U gwd}
hs Zmdo R>iH$nUo AmR>dVmV. "S>moh' AmdS>`mMo
B[Xam gVmZs _bm [b[hbo hmoVo, ""Vw_M boIZ
dmMVmZm S>mo`mZm nmUs `oVo Am[U H$m Hw$Umg
R>mD$H$ eamMs AmR>dU `oVo.'' "S>moh'
dmM`mda [d>bamd KmQ|>Zs, _s nw`mbm ls.nw.
^mJdV `m`m~amo~a _hmamQ> gm[h` n[afXo`m
EH$m g_ma^mbm Jobmo AgVm _bm ~mobmdyZ
H$S>H$Sy>Z [_R>s _mabs. hUmbo, "S>moh' [b[hbog
Am[U Am_Mm Img _amR>_moim "[Xdis' hm eX
dmnabmg. "em~mg!' ZVa ""S>mohbm AH$mX_s
nm[aVmo[fH$ [_imdo hUyZ _s `Z H$aV hmoVmo.''
Ago `mZs n [bhyZ _bm H$idbo hmoVo. _mPo ho
nwVH$ _hmamQ>m`m KamKamVyZ Om`bm hdo, Agohs
nmV hQ>bo hmoVo.
"S>moh'`m EHy$U Mma Amd`m [ZKm`m, `mV
H$moUVo ~Xb H$a`mMs Amd`H$Vm dmQ>bs Zmhs.

"S>moh'Mo _w`nR> Am[U AmVbs [Mo [g

[MH$ma nm gh~wo `mZs Ho$bs. doJ`m
ebsV`m `m`m [MmZs nwVH$mMo gmX`
dmT>dbo. nw.b. XoenmSo> `mZm "S>moh'Mo _wInR>
BVHo$ AmdS>bo H$s, `mMs VbaJmVsb gwXa
[VH$Vs `mZm nm gh~w|Zs ^oQ> [Xbs. Vs
nw.b.Zs Amn`m ~R>H$s`m ImobsV bmdbobs
Amho.
"S>moh'bm _hmamQ> emgZmMo CH$Q>
gm[h`H$VsMo nm[aVmo[fH$ [_imbo. `m
amO_m`VoMm AmZX dmQ>bmM, nU a[gH$mZs `m
nwVH$mg~Ys doimodois Ag` no [b[hbs,
g_rjH$mZs [dVV narjUo [b[hbs.
_hmamQ>mV`m gJ`m [dmnsR>mZs Am[U H$ZmQ>H$
[dmnsR>mZo "S>moh' nXds Am[U nX`wma
A`mgmgmR>s [Z`w$ Ho$bo. JwOamV`m C
_m`[_H$ [ejU _S>imZo "S>moh'_Ybo boIZ
Amn`m do`mgmR>s [ZdS>bo. ho gJio _bm
[_imbobo _moRo> nm[aVmo[fH$ Amho Ago dmQ>Vo.
dmMH$ / g_rjH$mda "S>moh'Ms Amn _mo[hZs
Amho. `mMo H$maU `mV`m AZw^dmMm
Q>dQ>dsVnUm ho Agmdo Ago _bm dmQ>Vo.
("S>moh'g~Ys EH$ Zn[H$m nJYm`m
gnmXH$mZs [Xbs hmoVs. `m AZwamoYmZo hm boI
[b[hbm Amho.)
gnH$ : 9890918438

`m AH$m`m [Z[_Vs_`o nwT>sb

A[YH$mar/H$_Mm`mMm
hmV^ma
bmJbm Amho. boIH$mes gnH$ gmYUo,
_OHy$a m H$$Z KoUo, _OHw$amMo
n[adVZ H$aUo, Q>H$boIZ H$aUo, _w[Vo
VnmgUo B. H$maMs H$m_o `mZs
Amnmnbs Zoh_sMs H$m_o gm^miyZ Ho$bs
AmhoV.
[^._. H$meb, JUoe amXmgr,
dfm eoS>Jo, _mohZ amR>moS>, _`wam XoenmSo>,
X`mZX H$m~io, ^mH$a wami>H$a,
A[Zb R>mH$ao, gw._m. H$mMmdma,
gImam_ _mZo, aU[OV[gh amOnwV,
gwZXm ^moa, H$Vs bmbm, gXm ~sS>H$a,
H$m[e~mB WmoamV, $nmbs Jmoao.