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195

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207

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261

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CKSy>Z AmV `oD$Z dmhZ C^o Ro>dbo; Vohm darb `oH$ doir dhmS>mV C^o Agbo`mZr, ""Vw_`mgmo~V H$moU
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AgoM Cma _r `oH$ doir {Xbo. _m Z {dMmaUmao Amn`m `j AZw^Vy rda R>m_ hmoV.o `mMo hUUo Ago
H$r, ""Vw_`m dmhZmda _mJrb grQ>da EH$ hmVmam ~gyZ Ambm Am{U CVabm d Vo Amhr `j nm{hbo.''
`mZm Ago dmQ>V Ago H$r, _r `mZm _wm_ Hw$Urhr Ambo Zmhr Ago gmJVmo dm H$moU Ambo ho gmJ`mMo Q>miVmo
Amho. `m_wio nwhm, ""gmJm Zm ! Vw_`mgmo~V H$mom Ambo hmoV?o ''Agm Z {dMma`mV Am`mda _r,""_wJ gmOr
Xod''Ago Cma dm^m{dH$nUo {Xbo. `mMo H$maU dmhZmda Hw$Urhr Ambo ZhVo _m Ago Ambobo d CVabobo
Ka`mZr nm{hbo Amho Va Vo _wJgmOr XodM AgVrb, A` Hw$Urhr ZgUma `mMr _bm Imr hmoVr d Amho.
_m`mnojm _mPo Hw$Qw>~r` OmV ^m`dmZ AmhoV H$maU `mZm AZoH$doim AemH$mao `j _wJgmOr XodmMo
XeZ KS>b.o _r hr ^m`dmZ Amho, _r `m Hw$Qw>~ mVbm Amho.

15

`mZr `mZr _wJ gmOr Xod gJwU $nmV AgVmZm `mMo `j XeZ KoVbo, `mMm AmerdmX KoVbm,
`mZm Xodm`m Ho$di gm{Z`m_wiM
o AmnU `j XodmMo XeZ KoV AmhmoV Aer AZw^Vy r `oV Ago. XodmMo $n
A`V _Zmohmar {XgV Ago. AOmZ~mh, gS>nmVi Xoh, S>mo `mda Hw$aio Ho$g, ^rVyZ H$mT>bo `m Vm_ YmVy`m
aJmgmaIr _Zmoha d gVoO AJH$mVr, Z{XJ~a _yVr, Moh`m^modVr g Am^m, Aem `m`m gJwU $nm`m
gm{Z`mV Ambobm `oH$ Ord Amnbo Xoh^mZ {dg$Z OmV Ago. XodmZrhr Amn`m ^$mZm {Za{Zamim
{R>H$mUr {Za{Zamim $nmZo `j XeZ {Xbo Amho. XodmMo {ZdmUmZVagwm `mZr AZoH$ ^$mZm {d{dY
$nmV XeZ {Xbobo Amho.
`m M[am_V JW
mMo dmMZ Ho$`mZVa `oH$mg _wJw gmOr _hmamO ho `j Xod AmhoV _wJ gmOr Xod
gmjmV `j na~ AmhoV `mMr Imr nQo>b, Agm T> {ddmg Amho. Vo dV:M,""gJim _wJ `mM _wJ `m,
Xwgao H$mhrM Zmhr,''Ago gmJVmZm Vo dV:"Ah ~p_'Ag`mMo nQ> H$arV, `mMrhr {MVr `m JWmMo
dmMZmZVa `oBb
Ago R>m_nUo gmJmdogo dmQ>V.o
`m JWmMm H$Vm _r Zmhr. `mV Oo Oo hUyZ H$mhr {b{hbo Amho Vohr _mPo Zmhr. H$UmXmg _hmamOmZr
{b{hbobm "OrdZm_V' JW , nT>arXmg IoS>o H$a `mZr _wJ gmOr XodmMo {b{hbobo M[a, {Z_H$a Jw$Or `mZr {b{hbobo
"brbmXnU' Am{U _wJ gmOr Xodm`m AZoH$mZoH$ ^$mZr nwa{dbobr _m{hVr `m gJimMo gH$bZ H$$Z dmMH$mZm
ho "_wJ gmOr _mCbr M[am_V' Xo`mV `oV Amho. `m_`o H$mhr CUo Ag`mg VodTo> Vo _mPo.
_wJ gmOr XodmMo M{a {bhmdo Aer BN>m Iyn {XdgmnmgyZ _ZmV hmoVr. gZ 2007 `m Aj` VVr`obm
MmJbm _whVy hUyZ `mMr Ho$di gwdmV Ho$br, _m nwT>rb boIZ hmoD$ eH$bo Zmhr. `mZVa `dV_mi `oWrb
H$mhr {_, bmoUr `oWrb lr. OJVmn ga (Oo ^{d` gmJVmV) `mMoH$So> Jobo d `mZr _mPo N>m`m{M `mZm
XmIdyZ _m`m~b _m{hVr {dMmabr. Vohm `mZr, ""`mMdo a _mCbrMr Iyn H$nm Amho d `mMHo $Sy>Z EH$ nwVH$
{b{h`m OmBb'' Aer ^{d`dmUr N>m`m{M nmhyZ Ho$br. `m~m~V {_mZr gm{JV`mda dm^m{dH$ hw$n
MT>bm d nwTo> ZmXoS> `oWo ~Xbr Pm`m_wio VgoM VoWo doi d EH$mV bm^`m_wio boIZ H$m` nwTo> OmD$ eH$bo.
ZVa ZmJnya `oWo ~Xbr Pm`mda VoWo bKwboIH$ lr. gO` T>moHo$ ho {_ bm^bo. `mZr {deof doi XoD$Z `m
gnU
y boIZmMo A{Ve` _ohZV KoD$Z d _hdmMo hUOo A`V ChmgmZo gJUH$mda ho H$m_ H$$Z Vo nyU dmH$So>
Zob.o `oWM
o _mPr _wbJr m. H$bm[nZr AJVr/amUo hr amhVo, {VZohr `m H$m_mV CgmhmZo ^mJ KoVbm d H$m_
nwT>o OmV am{hbo d nyU dmg Job.o ZmJnya `oWrb lr. `koe H$X_ (H$UmXmg _hmamOmMo ny) `mZrhr Iyn _XV
Ho$br. _m{hVr d N>m`m{Mo nwa{dbr. _hmXod _hmamOmMo AmerdmX m Pmbo. `m `{V[a$ lr. Owio JwOr, _mPo
gd Hw$Qw>~ r`, amOy {~XaH$a, {_, ZmVodmBH$ lr. _ho gmo_der `mMho r ghH$m` bm^bo. `m gd KQ>ZmH$_md$Z
hm M[am_V JW
{b{h`m Omdm, hr XodmMrM BN>m Agmdr Ago dmQ>V.o H$VkVmnydH $ ho M[am_V _wJ gmOr
Xodm`m MaUr gmXa g_{nV H$arV Amho.
- AS>. {dO`qgh Zmam`Uqgh-AZgy`m amUo

16

&& lr _wJgmOr _mCbr M[am_V ma^ &&

_JbmMaU VWm JUnVr AWderf&

na~d$n _wJgmOrXod&
w$

17

&& _wJ gmOr _mCbr&&

&& O` _mCbr O` _mCbr O` _wJ gmOr _mCbr &&

18

&& 1 &&

&& ^JdmZ _wJgmOr _mCbr M[am_V &&

&& _JbmMaU VWm JUnVr AWderf &&
lrJUoem` Z_:& lr_wJ gmOr - Xodm` Z_:&
(lr _wJgmOr Xod ho Am{XXod hUOoM _hmJUnVr `mMo AdVma AmhoV, Aer R>m_ YmaUm VwV
JWH$`mMr Amho. Vr H$m Amho `mg~YrMo {dVV {ddoMZ, `mM JWmVrb _wJgmOr Xodm`m AdVmamMo
d$n `m H$aUmV Xo`mV Ambobo Amho. `m YmaUo_i
w M
o `m JW
m`m ma^r _JbmMaU ho AWderfd$nmV
Xo`mV `oV Amho.)
Xodm,Amhr ZomZr n{d nmhmdo. VgoM gwT>, Cm_ Ad`dmZr d ~bdmZ earamZo `w$ hmoD$Z Vw_Mr
CnmgZm, VwVr d godm H$arVM Vwhr {Xbobo ho Am`w` `VrV H$amdo Aer mWZm Amho. {demb H$sVr Agbobm
B Am_Mo H$`mU H$amo. gd Eod`gn d kmZgn nwfm Xod Am_Mo _Jb H$amo. Vmo A[aQ>Zo_r Agm J$S>
Am_Mo ew^ H$amo. dmUrMm A{YnVr Xod Jw$ Zoh_r Amhmbm lo`g m H$$Z Xodmo. OJmV Zoh_r emVVm ZmXmo.
Amo_ H$ma d$nr ho JUoem ! ~mXr XodJUmMm Vy dm_r Amhog. Vwbm _mPm Z_H$ma Agmo. ho JUnVo ! Vy `j
~Vd Amhog. gd {ddmMm H$Vm Ho$di VyM Amhog. VyM EH$Q>m `m gQ>rMm nmbZH$Vm Amhog. VyM EH$Q>m `m
gQ>rMm ghmaH$Vm Amhog. AWmV, VyM gQ>rMm H$Vm, YVm d hVm Amhog. ho {dd`mnH$ ~hr VyM Amhog.
VgoM A{dZmer Ago Am_Vd d$n `j VyM Amhog, ho _r `WmW gmJV Amho. g`M ~mobV Amho.
ho JUoem, Vy _mPo ajU H$a. VwPo d$n gmJUm`m _mPo ajU H$a. VwPm _{h_m ldU H$aUm`mMo
ajU H$a. Vw`mg~Y
r kmZ XoUm`m Xm`mMo ajU H$a. Vo YmaU H$aUm`mMo ajU H$a. _mPo n{M_ {XeoH$Sy>Z
ajU H$a. nydH} $Sy>Z ajU H$a. CmaoH$Sy>Z ajU H$a. X{jUoH$Sy>Z ajU H$a. Cd d AYmo ~mOyZo ajU H$a. gd
{XemZr d ~mOwZ r _mPo ajU H$a. gd Amg_V ^mJmH$Sy>Z _mPo ajU H$a.
gd doXm{XdmL>_ ` hr VwPrM _yVr Amho. Vy MV`$n, AmZX_`, ~_` Amhog. gV-{MV-AmZX$n,

19

A{Vr` Agm VyM Amhog. VyM `j ~ Amhog. kmZ Am{U {dkmZ hr VwPrM $no AmhoV. ho gd OJ Vw`mnmgyZ
Cn hmoVo. Vo Vw`m_wioM {Wa amhVo. Vw`m {R>H$mUrM b` nmdVo d nwZ: Vw`m {R>H$mUrM ``mbm `oVo.
^y_r, CXH$, dm`y, VoO, AmH$me hr nMVdo VyM Amhog. nam, n`Vr, _`_m, dIar `m dmUr`m Mma AdWm
VyM Amhog. Vy {JwUm`m nbrH$So> Amhog. Vy VrZ AdWm`m nbrH$So> Amhog. Vy VrZ H$ma`m Xohm`m
nbrH$So> Amhog. Vy VrZhr H$mimnbrH$So> Amhog. gQ>rMm _yi AmYma hUyZ {Z` {WV Amhog. `m VrZ e$r
VwPrM $no AmhoV. `moJr gVV VwPM
o `mZ H$aVmV. Vy g{>H$Vm ~Xod Amhog. Vy g{>nmbH$ {dUy Amhog. Vy
g{>ghmaH$ $ Amhog. Vy B, Ar, dm`y, gy`, M VyM Amhog. Vy emdV d A{dZmer Ago ~ Amhog.
ndr, AV[aj d dJ VyM Amhog.Amo_ H$ma gwm VwPM
o $n Amho.
"JU' eXmVrb Am{XdU "J' Amho. hm JH$ma W_ Cmamdm. dU hUOo Ajao. `mVrb n{hbm dU "A'
Amho. Vmo "A' H$ma, `m "J' ZVa Cmamdm. `mZVa AZwdma hm AYM H$VrZo gwemo{^V Agmdm. hUOo Vmo
AZwZm{gH$mg{hV Cmamdm. Aem VhoZo "J' ho $n {g Pmbo. Vma hUOo Ud (Amo_) `m Amo_H $mamZo "J' ho
Aja `w$ Agmdo. Aem VhoZo Amo_ " J' ho _mja {g Pmbo. ho Xodm ! Amo_ "J' ho Vw`m gdloR> EH$mja
_mMo d$n Amho. "J' hm n{hbm dU, "A' H$ma ho _`_ d$n hUOo "A' hm _Ybm dU Am{U AZwdma ho
A`d$n hUOo Vmo eodQ>r Amho d eodQ>r AZwZm{gH$ {Mh Amho. `m Mmahr dUmMo EH$rH$aU H$aUmam EH$
ZmX-da Agmdm. `m ZmXo[aV dUmMm gYr-g_rbZ g{hVm$n EH$m _mUmZo CmaU H$aUo Agm Agmdm.
AemH$mao Cmabobm Amo_ "J' hm _ Amho. hr JUoe{dm Amho. JUoemMr mr H$$Z XoUmam hm _ Amho. `m
{doMm-_mMm-Q>m JUH$ F$fr Amho. N>X {ZMX- Jm`r Amho Am{U JUnVr hr `m _mMr XodVm Amho. Amo_
"J-JUnV`o Z_:' `m _damV JUnVrbm _mPm Z_H$ma Agmo.
hm JUoe Jm`r _ Amho. Amhr `m EH$XV JUnVrbm OmUVmo. dH$VwS > JUoemMo Amhr `mZ H$aVmo
hUyZ ~m_H$ JUnVr Amhmbm Amn`m ^$rMr oaUm Xodmo, gw~wr Xodmo. `mbm EH$M COdm XmV Amho.
`mbm Mma hmV AgyZ, `m_`o darb CO`m hmVmV nme d S>m`m hmVmV `mZo AHw$e YmaU Ho$bm Amho.
Imbrb S>m`m hmVmV aX-XV AgyZ CO`m hmVr daX_wm YmaU Ho$br Amho. CXra ho `mMo dmhZ Amho. Vmo a$
dUmMm d b~moXa AgyZ, `mMo H$mZ eyndV AmhoV. `mZo a$dU Vm~So> d n[aYmZ Ho$bo AgyZ, `m`m
AJmbm a$MXZmMr CQ>r H$mT>bobr Amho. a$nwnmZr `mMr Cm_ nyOm Ho$bobr Amho. Vmo Xod ^$m{df`r nyU
AZwH$ nm-X`m, dmg` Ymam H$aUmam Amho. Vmo gd OJmMo Am{XH$maU Amho. Vmo A{dZmer AgyZ gQ>r`m
nydrM gJwU $nmZo AV^Vy Pmbobm Amho. Aem JUnVrMo Omo {Z` `mZ H$aVmo, Vmo gd `mo`m_`o loR> `moJr
hmo`.
Xod g_yhm`m dm_rbm Z_H$ma Agmo. JUm`m A{YnVrbm Z_H$ma Agmo. {dZmMm Zme H$aUm`m
{dZh`mbm Z_H$ma Agmo. `mM JOmZZmMm AdVma YmaU H$$Z gJwU $nmZo AdVabo`m _wJ gmOr Xodmg
Z_H$ma Agmo.
Amo_ gh ZmddVw& gh Zm ^wZ$w& gh dr` H$admdh& VoOm{d ZmdYrV_Vw& _m {d{fmdh&& Amo_
em{V: em{V: em{V:&&

20

&& na~d$n _wJgmOr Xod&&

^JdmZ _wJgmOr`m AdVmamZVa `mMo Jmd hUOo Ym_UJmd. `m Jmdmg Ym_UJmd (Xod) Ago
hU`mg gwdmV Pmbr d AmOgwm JmdmMo Zmd Ym_UJmd (Xod) AgoM gdm_I
w r Amho. ^JdmZ _wJ gmOtMm
O_ Zo_`m H$UO_mMo doir lmdU d A>_rbm amr 12.00 dmOVm amo{hUr Zjmda Pmbm. `m`m
djWimda dgbmN>Z {Mh hmoV.o `m_wio `mZm {dUwMm d H$UmMm AdVma hQ>`m OmVo. `jmV _m
_wJ gmOr XodmZr Amn`m AdVmaH$mimV nQ>nUo Vo H$moU AmhoV `mMr AmoiI H$$Z {Xbr. Vo na~d$n
hmoVo Am{U hUyZM ""gJim _wJ`mM _wJ`m, Xwgao H$moU Amho?'', ""_wJ`m OmVhr Zmhr Am{U `oVhr Zmhr,
Ogm`m Vgm Amho!'', ""hm Va {ddmMm AmYmaV^ hmo`'', ""_wJ `mMm {e$m, YmH$ ~m{XH$m!'' Aer ~dm`o
`mZr Cmabr Am{U Vo `jmV na~d$n hmoV,o ho R>m_nUo {Vnm{XV Ho$bo.
`mZr Agohr hQ>bo hmoVo H$r, ""Xod EH$M, AdVma `mao `mao!'' `mZwgma `mZm Hw$Ur H$UmMm, {dUwMm
d A` Hw$UmMm AdVma hUmoV,JW
H$`mg _m _wJ gmOr Xod ho gnU
y Xod hUOoM,"Am{XXod' "_hmJmnVr'
AmhoV Ago R>m_nUo dmQ>Vo d Vr JWH$`mMr _yb^yV YmaUm Amho. lrJUoemMo dUZ AWderfmV VyM ~m,
{dUy, _hoe, B, Ar, dm`y, gy`, M d VyM ~, ndr, AV[aj d dJ gwm VyM Am{U Vy gJwU $nmVrb
~, OJmMm {Z_mVm. `m`m {R>H$mUr OJ {Wa amhVo d b` nmdVo Am{U nwT>o ``mg `oVo Am{U VyM gQ>rMm
_yb AmYma Ago dUZ Ho$bobo Amho. Vo dUZ _wJ gmOr Xodm`m brbm nm{h`mZVa `mZm VVmoVV bmJy nS>V.o
""_mJZ ! m`bm Ambmo Amho !''
""EH$ nmD$b Q>mH$Vmo Va EH$m ^$mMo gH$Q> {ZdmaVmo !''
""_wJ `m`m Xa~mamVyZ EH$hr Cnmer OmD$ XoUma Zmhr !''
hr _hmdm`o `mZr Ho$di CmabrM Zmhr Va Vgo H$$Zhr XmI{dbo. _wJ gmOr XodmZo JmoaJar~, aOboJmObo, Xw:Ir-H$Q>r, AY-AnJ, bwi-o nmJio, XwYa amoJmZo JV, _yH$-~Yra BVHo$M Zho Va amdmnmgyZ aH$ mn`V
A`V ^UJ AdWoV OJUm`m _mZdmMoM Zho Va AZoH$ _w_wjyMo H$`mU Ho$bo. `mMr {dZo Xya Ho$br.
`m_wio `mMo AdVmaH$m` gwIH$`m, Xw:Ih`m JUnVrMoM hmoV.o Vo naXw:ImZo Xw:Ir hmoV, nagwImZo gwIr hmoV.
EImm hb`mem nemZo dm EImm gm_m` dmQ>Um`m naVw AWnU
y eXmZo Vo `mMH$mMr Xw:Io Xya H$arV d
`mZm gwIr H$arV. Vohm `m gwIH$`m, Xw:Ih`m _wJ gmOr XodmMo ho M[a {b{hVmZm, JOmZZmMmM Vo gJwU$nr
AdVma Ag`m_wi,o M[amMr gwdmV AWderfmZo Ho$bobr Amho.
lr JOmZZ, lr _wJ gmOr Oo Xmohr EH$M AmhoV, Vo `m M[a boIZmgmR>r _bm AmerdmX, e$r, `mo`Vm,
dmUr d ghOVm XmZ H$amoV d ho H$m` _m`mgma`m jw `$r`m hmVyZ, `m boIUrV doe H$$Z dV:M
nyU H$$Z KodmoV, Aer gmQ>mJ XS>dV KmbyZ, `mZm mWZm H$aVmo...
w$

21

&& JUn{V AWderf &&

Amo_ ^ H$U}{^ eU`w m_ Xodm& ^ n`_mj{^`Om&& pWaaJ Vw>w dmgVZy{^& `eo_ Xod{hV
`Xm`w&&1&& Amo_ dpV Z Bmo dldm& dpV Z nyfm {ddoXm&& dpV ZVm`m}
A[a>Z{o _& dpV Zmo ~hn{VXYmVw&&2&& Amo_ em{V! em{V!! em{V!!!
Amo_ Z_Vo JUnV`o&& d_od `j Vd_{g&& d_od Ho$db H$Vm@ {g&& d_od
Ho$db YVm@ {g&& d_od Ho$db hVm@ {g&& d_od gd IpdX ~m{g&& d gmjmXm_m@ {g
{Z`_&&1&& F$V dp_&& g` dp_&&2&& Ad d _m&& Ad d$ma&& Ad lmoVma&& Ad XmVma&&
Ad YmVma&& AdmZyMmZ_d {e`&& Ad nmmmV&& Ad nwaVmV&& AdmomammmV&& Ad
X{jUmmmV&& Ad MmodmmmV&& AdmYammmV&& gdVmo _m nm{h nm{h g_VmV&&3&& d dmL>_`gd
{M_`&& d_mZX_`Vd ~_`&& d g{XmZXm{Vr`mo@ {g&& d `j ~m{g&& d
kmZ_`mo {dkmZ_`mo@ {g&&4&& gd OJ{XX dmmo Om`Vo&& gd OJ{XX VdpV>{V&& gd OJ{XX
d{` b`_o`{V&& gd OJ{XX d{` `o{V&& d ^y{_amnmo@ Zbmo@ {Zbmo Z^&& d Mdm[a
dmnXm{Z&& 5&& d JwU`mVrV&& d_dWm`mVrV&& d Xoh`mVrV&& d H$mb`mVrV&&
d _ybmYmapWVmo@ {g{Z`&& d e{$`m_H$&& dm `mo{JZmo `m`{V {Z`&& d ~m d
{dUwd&&gd Bd A{Vd&& dm`wd gy`d M_md&& ~^y^wd damo_&& 6&&
JUmqX nyd_wm` dUmqX VXZVa&& AZwdma naVa&& AY}Xwb[gV&& VmaoU F$&& EVmd
_Zwdn&& JH$ma nyd n&& AH$mamo _`_n&& AZwdmam`n&& {~Xwman&& ZmXgYmZ&&
g {hVm g{Y&& gfm JUoe{dm&& JUF${f&& {ZMm`rN>X && JUn{VX}dVm&& Amo_ J JUnV`o
Z_&&7&& EH$XVm` {dho& dH$VwS>m` Yr_{h&& Vmo XVr MmoX`mV&&8&& EH$XV MVwhV
nme_Hw$eYm[aU_&& aX M daX hV{~^mU _yfH$dO_&& a$ b~moXa eynH$UH$ a$dmgg_&&
a$JYmZw{bmJ a$nwn gwn{y OV_&& ^$mZwH$ {nZ Xod OJH$maU_`wV_&& Am{d^yV M gwQ>mXm&&
H$Vo nwfmna_&& Ed `m`{V `mo {Z`& g `moJr `mo{JZm da&& 9&& Z_mo dmVnV`o& Z_mo
JUnV`o&& Z_ _WnV`o&& Z_Vo@ Vw b~moXam`H$XVm`&& {dZZm{eZo {edgwVm`&& lrdaX_yV` o
Z_mo Z_ && 10&& Amo_ ghZmddVw&& gh Zm ^wZw$&& gh dr` H$admdh&& VoOpd ZmdYrV_Vw
_m {d{fmdh&& Amo_ em{V! em{V!! em{V!!!
w$

22

&& XodmMr AmB J_mB &&

`Xm `Xm {h Y_` bm{Z^d{V ^maV &
VwiOm^dmZrMm gmH$amBg X>mV &
_mPo nVr XrnH$ Va _r `mMr ^m Amho &
Km~$ ZH$mo noQ>rV nhm {VWo ` {_iob &
ho \y$b Vw`m nVrbm gwJY
Ko`mgmR>r Xo &
{^wdZr H$m|Xbm eIZmX &
w$

23

&& _wJ gmOr _mCbr&&

&& O` _mCbr O` _mCbr O` _wJ gmOr _mCbr &&

24

&& 2&&

&& XodmMr AmB J_mB&&

&& `Xm `Xm {h Y_` bm{Z^d{V ^maV ... &&
lrJUoem` Z_: ! lr_wJ gmOr-Xodm` Z_:!
^JdmZ lrH$UmZo JrVo_`o {Z:g{XY Ago AmdmgZ XoD$Z Ro>dbo Amho. ""`Xm `Xm {h Y_`
bm{Z^d{V ^maV& A`wWmZ_Y_` VXm_mZ gOm`h_&& n[amUm` gmYyZm {dZmem` M XwH$Vm_&
Y_g WmnZmWm` g^dm{_ `wJo `wJ&o &.'' ""Oohm Oohm Y_mMm hmg hmoVmo, `mg bmZr `oVo Am{U AY_mMr
dmT> hmoV,o Vohm Vohm ho AOwZ m _r Amnbo $n aMVmo hUOoM {ZamH$mamVyZ AmH$mamV `oVmo. gOZm`m gajUmW
d XwH$`mMm Adb~ H$aUm`mMm Zme H$a`mgmR>r d Y_m`m nwZ:WmnZogmR>r _r `wJm`wJmV H$Q> hmoVmo.''
g` VdkmZmMm, ^_m_wio {dga nSy>Z eara, _Z d ~wr Xw:Ir hmoVmV Am{U O_, OrdZ d _`yMm Ioi _J
H$Q>X ^mgVmo. H$VH$_m`m `_`mVZm H$mhr Ho$`m emV hmoV ZmhrV. `mHw$i Pmbobo Ago Ag` mUr `m
OJmV H$$UoMm gmJa Agbo`m ^JdVmMm Aml` m H$$ B{N>VmV. `m {d{dY Aml`WmZmV
"_hmnwfgl`' ho _moR>o AmYmaWmZ hmo`. naXw:ImZo `mHy$i hmoUmao d nagwImZo gwIr hmoUmao Ho$di CnH$mamnwaVo
OJUmao Ago gnw$f Zoh_rM `m OJmV gd O_mg Ambo AmhoV.
^maV Xoe Xod^y{_ Amho. {VMm Xodmbmhr _moh nS>Vmo. hm Ho$di {dMma Zmhr Va `mbm _mUmMm AmYma
Amho. hm Xoe AZoH$mZoH$ F$fr-_wZtMm, ~{ZR>mM
m, gVmMm, am_-H$U, eH$a, ~Xod `mMm Xoe Amho. `mMr
Wmoa AdVma _m{bH$m `mM XoemV gw$ Pmbr d Vr AmOhr gw$ Amho. Aem `m ^$ragmZo, VdkmZmZo, `mJmZo,
draagmZo gn$ Aem _hmZ XoemV Xodhr gmH$ma$nmV AdVarV hmoV AgVmo. `mVhr {dX^ ^y{_ hr ~`mM
gVmMr ^y_r Amho. JmS>Jo _hmamO, VwH$S>mO
o r _hmamO, AmS>H$moOr _hmamO, bhmZwOr _hmamO, {~a~bZmW, VmOwrZ
~m~m, JOmZZ _hmamO, ~m~m H$~bnmof Ago AZoH$mZoH$ gV Amn`m {dX^ ^y{_V hmoD$Z Job.o

25

Xoemda W_ _wKb d ZVa BJO

r gmoMm A_b ~gbobm. 1857 `m dmV``wmV _hmZ `mJ, em`
d namH$_mMr namH$mR>m hmoD$Zhr XwXd mZo Ambobo An`e, XrK H$mi`m naH$r` gmo_i
w o ^maVr`mV Amnbr
A{_Vm {dg$Z gmmYm`mMo bmJb
y MmbZ H$a`mMr OS>bb
o r Hw$dmr. Amn`mM Y_mg, Amn`m MmJ`m
gH$Vrg Q>mH$mD$, dmBQ> hUyZ {hU{d`mMr dmr. `m_wio Ambobr Y_bmZr Aer AloM
o r {WVr Xya
H$$Z bmoH$m_`o lm {Z_mU H$a`mgmR>r, XodmMo A{Vd nwZ:Wm{nV H$a`mgmR>r `j H$Vrmao `mMo
Xw:I haU H$$Z `mZm gwIr H$a`mgmR>r XodmZo AdVma `mdm, Aer {WVr {Z_mU Pmbr hmoVr. Vohm XodmZo hm
AdVma Ko`mgmR>r gJwU$nmV H$moUm`m CXar O_ `mdm `mMr gmo` {Z`VrZo AmYrM H$$Z Ro>dbobr hmoVr.
_mZdr YmaUm d H$mbJUZm VgoM {Z`VrMr YmaUm d H$mbJUZm `mMm _oi ~gUo Ae`M. {Z`VrMm Ioi
AV` Amho. `m_wioM _wJgmOr Xodm`m O_mMo ^mH$rV `m`m {n`mMo O_mAmYr AmB VwiOm^dmZrZo
H$$Z Ro>dbo hmoV.o

Ym_UJmd (Xod)
_wJ gmOr XodmMo _yi WmZ, {OWo `mMm O_ Pmbm d OoWo `mZr VnM`m Ho$br, OoWo
`mZr Amn`m {d{dY brbm Ho$`m d 84 df}n`VMm H$mbmdYr Kmb{dbm, Vo {R>H$mU hUOo
Ym_UJmd (Xod). `m Jmdm_`o Ym_UJmd (IwX) d Ym_UJmd (~w.) Ago XmoZ ^mJ nydr hmoVo d
AmOhr AmhoV. AWmV Vo EH$_oH$mer gb{V AmhoV. Ago Zmhr H$r `m_`o Iyn AVa Amho. AmOhr
`m {R>H$mUr XmoZ nmobrg nmQ>rb AmhoV. Ym_mJmd (~w.) `m JmdmMm gaH$ma Xa~mar Jmd H$_mH$
75 AgyZ, Ym_UJmd (IwX) Mm Jmd H$_mH$ 76 Amho. Ym_UJmd (~w.) `m ^mJmV AmY g_mOmMo
_w` dmV` Amho Am{U ^monmOr (XodmMo AmOmo~m) ho `m doiog VoWo nmobrg nmQ>rb hmoVo.
AmO{_Vrbm `m {R>H$mUr XodmMo deO AmZXamd ^JV (Am^moa)o `mMr gyZ hr nmobrg nmQ>rb
Amho. nydr Ym_UJmd (IwX) Mo nmobrg nmQ>rb ho b_Uamd Xoe_wI hmoV.o `mMo XmoZ nw {XZH$aamd
d ^mH$aamd ho Amnhr Ym_UJmd `oWo amhVmV. Ym_UJmd (~w) `m {R>H$mUr XodmMm Xa~ma,
g_mYr _{Xa Am{U Jmdm~mhoa {dlmVrMr {R>H$mUo AmhoV. ho Jmd _hmamQ>m`m `dV_mi {OhmVrb
Xmahm Vhgrb_`o Amho. AmVm Ho$di gaH$ma Xar Ym_mJmd (IwX) d Ym_UJmd (~w) Aem
`j ZmoX r Ag`m Var `m Xmohrhr {_iyZ ~Zbo`m Ym_UJmdmg ,Ym_UJmd (Xod) `m M{bV
ZmdmZo AmoiIbo OmVo. Ym_UJmd `oWo Om`mgmR>r Xmahm Vo H$maOm `m amO_mJmdarb ~moXJo md
(OoWo gmIa H$maImZm Amho) `m {R>H$mUr W_ CVamdo bmJVo Am{U VoWZy Ym_UJmd (Xod) `oWo
Om`mH$[aVm _moQ>ma aVm Amho, Vmo ~ma_mhr Mmby AgVmo. Ym_UJmd (Xod) `oWo Om`mgmR>r Xmahm
Am{U H$maOm `m Xmohr {R>H$mUmd$Z am` n[adhZ {ZJ_`m ~gog \o$`m H$aVmV d `m `{V[a$
~moXJo md `oWZy Ym_UJmd (Xod) `oWo Om`mgmR>r Orn, Qo>nmo Aem H$maMr dmhZo {Xdg^a Mmby
AgVmV.

26

`mZm Ym_UJmd (Xod) `oWo Omd`mMo Amho, AemZr _w~ BH$Sy>Z `oUm`m _w~ B-hmdS>m
`m aodo _mJmda _w~ B, ^wgmdi, AH$mobm, _y{VOmnya Agm dmg H$amdm bmJVmo. nyd ^maVmVyZ/
{dX^mVZy Jm|{X`m ,^S>mam, ZmJnya, _mJ} dYm `oWn`V aodo _mJmZo hmdS>mH$Sy>Z `oUm`m aodoZo
dmg H$aVm `oVmo d nwT>o dY}d$Z `dV_mi, Xmahm, ~moXJo md Aem _mJmZo dmg H$amdm bmJVmo.
`m aodo _mJmda gwna\$mQ> aodo hr AH$mobm d ~S>Zao m `oWo Wm~Vo. VoWZy ~moXJo md `oWo Om`mgmR>r
H$maOm _mJ} (`m {R>H$mUr A`V OmJV Ago Jw$_{Xa Amho ) Omdo bmJVo. H$maOm `oWZy ~moXJo mdbm
Om`mgmR>r AZoH$ ~gog {_iVmV. H$mhr ~gog Ym_UJmdbmgwm OmVmV. AH$mobm `oWZy ~moXJo md
`oWo Om`mgmR>r `dV_mi, Mnya, dUr `m {R>H$mUr OmUm`m ~gog ~moXJo md `oWo Wm~VmV. Xmahm
`oWZy Ym_UJmd (Xod) Am{U nwT>o VmoaUmim Aem Eg.Q>r. `m 5 \o$`m CnbY AmhoV. `mo`m
doiog Eg. Q>r. ~gog gVV gw$ AgVmV. Ym_UJmd (Xod) `oWo _hdm`m VrZ gJr Cgd
AgVmV. XodmMm O_mogd lmdU d AQ>_r hUOoM H$U O_mQ>_rbm, XodmMr nw`{VWr
Or \$mJwZ ew g_rbm AgVo ; `m_`o Odinmg 100 {R>H$mUmd$Z Xodm`m nmb`m `oVmV
d _moR>m Cgd Ym_UJmd `oWo nma nS>Vmo Am{U {Vgam hUOo am_Zd_r.

Ym_UJmd `oWo ^${Zdmg AgyZ VoWo _w$m_ H$aVm `oVmo. Ym_UJmd (Xod) `oWo Xodm`m ZmdmZo
nwOmar B`mXtH$Sy>Z ^$mMr bw~mS>UHy $ Ho$`m OmV Zmhr. `oWrb Xa~ma hUOo _wJ gmOr XodmMo

27

O_WmZ. `mZr Vn`m Ho$br Vo {R>H$mU, AJXr `m H$mimV Xodm H$[aVm Wm{nV Ho$bobr ~Jir,
Or`m Imbrb OmJm d`ao UoZo _mZdr AmH$VrMo d$nmV AXmOo EH$ \y$Q>$ BVH$r da Ambobr
Amho d Vr hiyhiy nU {Z{MVnUo da `oV Amho. VgoM dO ,`mda nmZo \w$Q>br AmhoV. _wJ gmOr
Xodm`m AWr Ro>dbobo ^w`mam`m AmVrb g_mYr _{Xa Amho. VgoM Jmdm`m ~mhoa {MM XodWmZ,
Oo _wJ gmOr XodmMo AmdS>Vo {dlmVr Wi, C~a Qo>H$S>r B`mXr Wio AmhoV. gJimV _hdmMo
hUOo Ym_UJmd ho XodmMo _yi WmZ hmo`. `mZm e` Amho Aem ^m{dH$mZr d dmMH$mZr `oWo
XeZmg AmdOyZ Omdo.

A^moao Hw$bmVrb VwiOm^dmZrMo R>mUo

&& VwiOm ^dmZrMm gmH$amBg X>mV &&

{dX^mVrb `dV_mi {Ohm`m Xmahm Vmbw`mVrb Jw^y{_ H$maOm Odirb Ym_UJmd (Xod)
ho N>mQo >o ImZr naVw g_r ZmXV Agbobo Jmd. eoVrMm CmoJ H$amdm, gwImg_mYmZmZo amhmdo, JmdH$rMo
ZmVo Onmdo, gJ`mZm o_ mdo, gX^mdZm ~miJmdr Ago ho Jmd. nmQ>rb ^monmOr A^moao hr `m JmdMr
EH$ gn `$r hmoVr. `m`m nZrMo Zmd hmoVo gmH$amB. `mMm {ddmh hmoD$Z Iyn H$mbmdYr bmoQ>bm
Varhr `mZm gVVr ZhVr. Kar gd H$mhr AgVmZm EImm ~mim`m UPwU`m MmimMm AmdmO
Zgob Va Ka Zrag, {Z:eX dmQ>V.o

28

MV`m`m A^mdm_wio EH$ H$maMr CXmgr ^mgV amhVo. `m_wio gmH$amB Zoh_r {MVVo Agm`Mr.
Kar AmB VwiOm^dmZrMo nanamJV R>mUo hmoV.o _Z:emVr m H$a`mgmR>r AZ`-^mdmZo VwiOm^dmZrMr
^$r H$arV gmH$amB Amn`m ggmambm Mmb{dV hmoVr.
nmQ>rbH$rMo ZmVo ^mar & YZ Ym` g_{ gmar &
_y{V_V b_r Kar & ZmXo V`m`m &&
`mMr AmdS>Vr H$m{_Zr & _hmgmdr gmH$amB kmZr &
{Z` n{Vgodo bmJwZr & Vna nVrdVm &&
_moH$im _Zr JmoS> ~mobr & C^`Vm bmoH$t AmdS>br &
Vo hUVr KS>dbr & {dYrZo ^m`hr &&
Eogm bmoH$t _mZ & XoVr gdnar gOZ &
Ed ^m`mMo {ZO bjU & ho{M AmoiImdo &&
Kar Am{XR>mZ XodrMo & XdV VwiOmnwarMo &
{VWo _Z Ro>dyZ gmMo & dVVmVr ggmar &&

1/33 s
1/34
1/35
1/36
1/37

EH$ {Xdg OJX~o `m nwT>o Xw:Ir gmH$amB Amnbr `Wm _mS>VmZm, H$Um ^mH$VmZm AJXr C_Zr AdWoV
nmohmoMbr. ""_mVo, gd gwIo {Xbrg, _m _mPr Hw$g H$m J [aH$m_r Ro>dbrg? H$m` MwH$bo _mPo ? _mPm h> Vy
nwa{dmma Zmhrg Va H$moU nwa{dUma ? AmBbm _mJy Z`o Va H$moUmbm _mJmdo. bmoH$^mdZm _bm gVV N>iVo. _mPo
_Z An` gwImgmR>r VriVri VwQ>V.o AmB _r VwPr {H$VrXm AmoQ>r ^abr. Vy _mPr AmoQ>r EImm ~mim`m
$nmZo ^a. _Oda H$nm H$a. _mVdmMm nwfmW Omo Ho$di rM H$$ eH$Vo, Vmo H$a`mMr gYr _bm Xo. _bm
_mVdmMo XmZ Xo. _m`m KamV Nw>_Nw>_Umar nmdbo Mmby Xo. _bm ~mimMo ~mo~So> ~mob EoH$y Xo. _bm _m`m nVrMo
~minU AZw^dy Xo. _bm nmhm \w$Qy> Xo. _mVo, Xo, _bm XmZ Xo !'' Aer H$Um ^mH$VmZm Vr C_Zr AdWoV
nmohMbr hmoVr. S>m
o `mVyZ KiKim Aly dmhmV hmoV.o _ZmV mWZm Mmby hmoVr. Vr Xoh^mZ {dgabr. VohmM nVr
^monmOr VoWo Ambm d Amnbr nZr AmB ^dmZr`m g_moa {ZMoQ> nS>br Amho, ho nmhyZ d `mMo H$maU AmoiIyZ
`mZohr ^mdmdo{eV hmoD$Z ^dmZrnwTo> H$Um ^mH$Uo gw$ Ho$bo. `mMdoir Zdb KS>bo, gmH$amB CRy>Z A`V
AmZ{XV hmoD$Z JXJXm hgy bmJbr. ""Vy H$m EdT>r AmZXbrg, H$m` Pmbo ?'' Ago ^monmOrZo {dMmaVmM gmH$amBZo
`mZm gm{JVbo, ""_mPo Xoh^mZ hadbo AgVmZm AVar A~m H$Q>br. {VZo {nVm~a YmaU Ho$bo hmoV.o AQ>^O
w m_{S>V
Agbo`m, H$mio Hw$V b _moH$io gmoS>bo `m, _mWr _idQ> ^abo`m _mVoZo _bm Hw$admibo d "~mio, Yra Ya, CJr
hmo , Vwbm nwmr hmoBb d Vw`m gwZo`m CXar `j ^JdmZ O_ KoBb. Vmo CJ VnM`m H$arb, OJmMm
Cma H$arb, Xw:{IVmMo Xw:I haob, `mMo ~mob ndr`m _mobmMo amhVrb, _Zw`mZm Vmo Cmaob ho {Z{MV g_O
,'' Ago YraJ^ra dmUrZo _mVoZo _bm gm{JVbo.
s (`m JW
mV Z_wX Ho$bo`m Amo`m m gV H$UmXmg a{MV OrdZm_V JW mVyZ KoVbo`m AmhoV. Amoo `mg_moa

OrdZm_V JWmVrb A`m` H$_mH$ d Amodr H$_mH$ Z_wX Ho$bo AmhoV. )

29

_r ZgVm Xohmdar & A~m H$Q>br AVar &

nrVm~a bIb{IV Ymar & AQ>^yOm _{S>V &&
Hw$Vb _moH$io gwXa `m_ & bbmQ>r ao{Ibo Hw$Hw$_ &
AJmV H$mMmoir A`wV_ & H$mVr _Zmoha &&
{VZo _Ogr Hw$dm{ibo & A^` dMZr Jma{dbo &
Vo{M Vwhm d{hbo & gmJVo dm_r &&
Vr OJX~m _O ~mobbr & Yra Yar amhr CJbr &
Am{UH$ H$m` A~m dXbr & Vo Vwhr EoH$m Or &&
J^ra dmUr X` _{Xar & Kw_Kw_moZr EH$gar &
hUo ~mi Vd CXar & `oBb A{V CXma &&
`m nmgmoZr Vd gwZoMo CXar & `j ^JdmZ lrhar &
AdVaob dmo gwXar & {ddmg _Zt Agmo Xo &&
bmOdrb nm{S>` dmkmZ & H$_R>mMm Jd hamoZ &
CJ VnmMo {dXmZ & ghO{W{V Xm{db &&
nar AdYr Amho `m bmJyZ & hUmoZr amhr Yra YZ &
Vw`m CXar J^ YmaU & hmoBb I{MV &&

1/59
1/60
1/61
1/62
1/63
1/64
1/65
1/66

Hw$bdm{_Zr VwiOm^dmZr`m `m AmerdmXmZo gmH$amB d ^monmOr AmZXmZo ^mamdyZ Job.o `mZr Ho$di
nw gVVrMr _mJUr Ho$br hmoVr. AmBZo _m ZmVdm`m $nmZo na_odam`m AdVmamMo ^mH$rV Ho$bo. "AmYim
_mJVmo EH$ AZ Xod XoVmo XmoZ' Ago KS>b.o Ord haIyZ Jobm. H$mbmVamZo `m`m nmoQ>r nwaZ O_bo. `mMo Zmd
{dH$_ Ro>dbo. `m KamMo ^m` CX`mg Ambo. Ka ~mibrbmZr, hm`dZrZo, AmZXmZo ^$Z Job.o {dH$_ OgOgm
_moR>m hmoD$ bmJbm, _mVm{n`mMo H$mVwH$ ^a^$Z dmhy bmJbo. Vohm {ddmh H$_r d`mV hmoV AgV. `m_wio
{dH$_ WmoS>m _moR>m Pm`mZVa `m`mH$[aVm dYwMm emoY gw$ Pmbm.
{O`m CXar Xod O_mg `oUma hmoVm, Vr AmB {Z{MVM gmYr ZgUma. _mJrb AZoH$ O_mMr nw`mB
{Vbm ho WmZ Xo`mg H$maU R>abo AgUma. Ym_UJmdOdi Agbo`m _mJ{H$hr `m JmdMr gmIaH$a Hw$imVrb
H$`m "J_mB' {dH$_mMo gmo~V {ddmh H$$Z gyZ hUyZ ^abo _mn AmobmS>y Z KamV Ambr. gmH$amBZo {Vbm nm{hbo
d {Vbm {_imbo`m X>mVmMr IyU nQ>br. J_mB bhmZerM hmoVr naVw nwT>o H$mim`m H$gmoQ>rda VrM ~mdZH$er
n{VdVm, Xod_mVm, XodJw$ hmoUma hmoVr. `mMr gmo` {Z`VrZo AmYrM H$$Z Ro>dbobr hmoVr. nwT>o H$mbmVamZo gmH$amB
d ^monmOr `mZr Amnbm Xoh Ro>dbm. Vohm gmH$amBZo _`wg_`r J_mBbm, ""Vw`m Hw$erVyZ Xod O_ KoUma Amho,
gmjmV lrhar O_ KoUma Amho, ho A~mAmBMo dMZ Amho,'' Ago gmJZy Amnbm Xoh Ro>dbm.

30

{dH$_ - J_mB`m, Ym_UJmd `oWrb _{XamMm AV^mJ

&& _mPo nVr XrnH$ Va _r `mMr ^m Amho &&

ggmamMr O~m~Xmar AmVm {dH$_-J_mB `m`mda `oD$Z nS>br. {dH$_ hm gV dmrMm {Zamg$
_mUyg. Hw$Um~bhr `mbm H$idim dmQ>V Ago. Kar g_r, `m_wio Xmar Ambobm `mMH$ H$Yrhr [a$ hVo
naV Jobm Zmhr. `mMH$mg V H$a`mV {dH$_mg g_mYmZ dmQ>V Ago. Amnbm-naH$m hm ^oX `mbm H$Yr
dmQ>bmM Zmhr. `m_wio AZoH$ b~mS>mZ r `mMm Ja\$m`Xm CMbbm. n[aUm_r g_rMo Vio AmQ>V Job.o AJmda
F$U Pmbo. {dH$_mg CXmgdmr_wio _m Aemhr n[a{WVrV H$mhrhr dmQ>V Zgo. Vmo Am{U J_mB A`V g_mYmZr
dmrZo amhmV AgV. Vo bmoH$m`m H$m_r nS>V AgV. Amnbr eoVr H$amdr d `mV JwOamU H$amdr, Agm {Z`H$_
gw$ hmoVm. _m Jyi Zmhr hQ>`mda _mem Oem {ZKyZ OmVmV, VgoM bmoH$ d `mZr {Z_mU Ho$bobm ImoQ>m
g_mZ `mZrgwm H$mT>Vm nm` KoVbm. CbQ> ho nVr-nZr bmoH$m`m Hw$MoQo>Mm {df` Pmbo. Ago AgmVmZm gwm
XmoKm`mhr {MmmVrb g_mYmZr d AmZXr dmr H$_r Pmbr Zmhr. gd AgVmZm {Z[aN> dmr ~miJUo d H$mhrM
ZgVmZm g_mYmZr d AmZXr dmr ~miJUo ho \$ma WmoS>mZm O_Vo, ho A`V H$R>rU AgVo.

31

JmdmVrb ZmVodmBH$ {`mZr EH$Xm `mg~Yr J_mBMr \${OVr H$a`mMo R>a{dbo d {V`m Kar
Am`m. `m {`mMr YmaUm Aer hmoVr H$r, J_mB hr AdXgm Amho d `m_wioM {dH$_mMr hrZXrZ
AdWm Pmbr. `m_wio {Vbm MmJbo IS>gdmdo, CnXoem_V nmOmdo Am{U Hw$MoQ>m H$a`mMr hmghr ^mJdmdr,
`m hoVZy o `m J_mB`m Kar Am`m. J_mBZo `mMo dmJV A`V Z_nUo Ho$bo. {VZo Ho$bobo AmXam{V` nmhyZ d
{VMm AmZXr, gwIr d g_mYmZmZo V Moham nmhyZ gd {`mMr _Vr AmnmoAmn nmbQ>br. W_ `mZrM
dV:hyZ `m H$moU`m hoVZy o Am`m ho J_mBbm gm{JVbo Am{U {Vbm Xm[amVhr AmZXr amhy eH$`mMo Am{U
_ZmVrb g_mYmZ d AmZX `{H${MVhr H$_r Z hmoD$ Xo`mMo ah` {dMmabo. J_mB Cmabr, ""_m`m Am`mZmo,
_mPo nVr d _r doJio Zmhr. `mMrM nVrgmm _y{V_V _m`m AVaJr AgyZ, _r `mda VaJVo. _mPo nVr _bm,
_r `mMr AYm{JZr `m Zm`mZo _m`mnmgyZ {^ dmQ>V Zmhr. Vo XrnH$ Va _r `mMr ^m Amho. `m_mUo
XrnH$ Am{U ^m `mZm doJio H$aVm `oV Zmhr {H$dm gmIa d JmoS>r `mZm doJio H$aVm `oV Zmhr VgoM _mPr d
_m`m nVrMr {WVr Amho. `m_wio _mPo nVr Oo Oo H$aVmV {H$dm `mZm Oo Oo AmdS>V,o Oo Oo `mMo {dMma AmhoV
Vo _mPoM Amho d Am_`mgmR>r gd EH$M Amho. Iao hUOo `m`m_wioM Va _mPo A{Vd Amho. `mMo
g_mYmZ d _mPo g_mYmZ EH$M Amho. `m_wiM
o _r nyU g_mYmZr Amho,'' Aer I`m n{VdVM
o r IyU {VZo
d{Ubr.
_r AVar nmhV & Vmo n{Vgmm _y{V_V &
V`mdar _r VaJV & AIS> {dbgo &&
H$nmir Hw$H $y bm{d Vo doir & Am[agm Kodmo{Z _t `mhmir &
__ Q>r Or H$me H$ir & {V`m nVr _m{Zbo &&
_m`m nVrMo Oo ^yfU & Vmo _m`m AJrMm gXJwU &
Oo nVrMo amIUo _Z & ho{M dV Yar nm &&
Ogr ^m `m MmV & gMamo{Z emo^m Xm{dV &
Vgr _r {Z` ahmV & nVrMr AYmJr &&
Ogr JmoS>r Am{U gmIa & Ho$di dUmMm \o$a\$ma &
Vgm nVr nZrMm {dMma & Ago ~m`mZmo &&
AWdm Xrn^m ^oQ>r & ^oX Z {Xgo Q>r &
hr IyU ~mUbr __ nmoQ>r & V g_mYmZ nmdbr &&
_r ^oXo{dU n{VMr & AYmJr Ago gmMr &
hr JmoQ> __ {OdtMt & VwhmVr gm{JVbr &&

2/87
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2/92
2/93

Y` Vr J_mB d Y` {VMm nVr {dH$_ ! JimV _wS >_mim KmVbo`m, AJmg {MVm^_ bmdbo`m,
JimV gn ~miJUm`m, JJm YmaU Ho$bo`m _hmXodmda ^mibobr _hmXodr, _hmgVr, _hmn{VdVm, bH$o Mr
nmdVr, VerM J_mB ^mgV hmoVr. J_mB OUy H$mhr {VMoM $n hmoVo. `m_wioM H$Xm{MV ^JdmZ {V`m

32

CXar `oUma hmoVo. nm{Vd` hrM {VMr VnM`m d nydgwH$V hrM {VMr nw`mB. {VZo Ambo`m {`mZm
lr_Vr d Xm[a `m {Z` `oUm`m AdWm AmhoV, Oer {XdgmZVa am d amr`m CXamV bnbobm gy`,
nhmQo> gh {H$aUmZr Xmhr {Xem COiVmo hm gQ>rMm {Z`H$_ Amho d {Z`_ Amho Ago g_OmdyZ gm{JVbo
Xm[amMo Xw:I H$emgmR>r H$amd`mMo, H$emgmR>r aS>md`mMo, Amnbo dV:Mo hmoVM
o H$m`? AmnU H$mhrhr KoD$Z
Ambobm ZhVmo {H$dm H$mhrhr {Z_mU Ho$bo Zmhr, `m_wio Oo Amnbo Zmhr Vo ZQ> Pmbo `mgmR>r H$emMo Xw:I? Oo
H$mhr AmnU KoVmo Vo `oWZy M KoVmo hUOo BdamOdiyZM KoVmo d Oo BdamOdiyZ KoVbo Vo `mbmM naV {Xbo.
AmnU [aH$m`m hmVmZoM `oVmo d [aH$m`m hmVmZoM OmVmo. Oo AmO Amnbo Amho `mnydr Xwg`mMo hmoV,o nwT>o A`
Hw$UmMo hmoBb
. `mg Amnbo g_OyZ _ hmoVmo d hrM ^mdZm Amn`m Xw:ImMo H$maU hmoVo Ago g_Om{dbo.
J_mB hUo EoH$m gmdH$me & J[a~r lr_VrMm ^mg &
`m XmohmoMmhr {Z` Zme & R>abm{M Ago &&
Oodr am gaVm {XZ {Xgo & {Xdgm AVr am Am^mgo &
{Z`m{Z bmJbo{M Ago & ho _mU `j &&
Ogr ZdJhmMr _m{bH$m & {Z` {\$aV{M {\$ao H$m &
Vgm X[ar lr_VrMm PmoH $m & `oV ghO Ordmdar &&
nhm dZrMr lr_Vr X[aVm & OmJVt Z {Xgo nhmVm&
nar OmJVrMr V[a dmVm & H$m` gmM Ago dZr &&
Ed hm jU^Jya Am^mg & nar dm`mMr Kodmo{Z gm`mg &
Ord ~io{ M AmnUmg & gwIXw:Ir Jmodr &&
`oW g_mYmZ amImoZr {Mmt & g`mdarb gmS>mo Z`o {Vr &
hr {_`m H$mimMr H$miJVr & lr_Vr {Z X[aVm &&
Vmo H$mi {Z`m{Z ~XbV & nar g` H$Xm{n Z T>iV &
Ogm I~m Z hmbV & amo{dbonUo &&

2/99
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2/105

Zer~dmZ hmo`m `m {`m, `mZm `m n{VdVZo o hm _hmZ CnXoe {Xbm. g_mYmZ hrM gdm} AdWm
ggma gwIr H$a`mg _hdmMr Amho, hm Jw$_ {Xbm. {Mm g_mYmZr Ag`mg gd YmdmYmd gnVo, A^mdmMr
{MVm amhmV Zmhr, Xw:ImMo d AgVmofmMo _yiM ZQ> hmoVo. J_mBg {hVmonXoe Xo`mgmR>r Ambo`m gd {`m
gwIr OrdZmMm _hm_ KoD$Z g_mYmZmZo naV`m.

&& Km~$ ZH$mo noQ>rV nhm {VWo ` {_iob &&

{Xdg AgoM gwImg_mYmZmZo Mmbbo hmoV.o J_mBbm n{hbo An` EH$ H$`m Pmbr, {OMo Zmd ~{hZm~mB
Ro>dbo hmoV.o {V`m ~mibrbm nmhyZ J_mB d {dH$_ AmZXmV {Xdg KmbdV hmoV.o naVw J_mB`m nm{Vd`mMr

33

narjm Bdamg ~hwYm nmhmd`mMr hmoVr hUyZM H$r H$m`, EH$ {Xdg {dH$_ ~mOmamg Jobm AgVm Kar gmdH$ma
`oD$Z nmD$Ueo n`m`m F$U dgwbrgmR>r {dH$_Mr MmH$er H$$ bmJbm. ""nVr ~mOmambm Jobo AmhoV, Vo
Vw_Mr dgwbr {Z{MVnmo XoVrb,''Aer J_mBZo gmdH$mamg Imr XoD$Z naV Om`mg gm{JVbo. _m `mZo
dV:g dnwmMr enW KmbyZ, dgwbr KoV`m{edm` naV OmUma Zmhr Ago hUyZ, XmamV R>mU _mS>b.o VodT>mVM
EH$mZo J_mBH$So> `oD$Z Xwgar _moR>r Hw$dmVm {V`m H$mZr KmVbr. Xwg`m gmdH$mamZo H$Om`m dgwbrgmR>r
`m`mb`mV Vw$ J^mm ^$Z {dH$_mg ~mOmamVyZ AQ>H$ H$adyZ Zo`mMr Vr ~mV_r hmoVr. Vr gVr, nVr`m `m
dmV}Zo emoH$mHy$b hmoD$Z H$mob_Sy>Z Jobr d Ym` _moH$byZ aSy> bmJbr. {VMr bhmZ nmoa H$mhr Z C_JyZ _m, _m,
H$arV aSy> bmJbr. eodQ>r J_mBZo gmdY hmoD$Z lr_V ^mD$~XmH$So> _XVrMr `mMZm Ho$br. ^mD$~XmZr _m,
""Vw`m ~mnmZo _m`m ~mnmH$So> Ro>d Ro>dbr Zmhr,'' Aem A`V An_mZH$maH$ eXmV {VMr ~moidU Ho$br.
eodQ>r J_mBOdi EH$M VmaUhma Cabr, Vr hUOo A~m_mVm ! Ro>dm hmoVm ^$rMm Am{U nm{Vd`mMm. {VZo
A~O
o di OmD$Z H$Um ^mH$br. ""AmB A~,o _m`o, _mPm nVr Vw$ JmV Jobm, _m`m Xmamda gmdH$ma R>mU _mS>y Z
dV:`m _wbmMr enW KoD$Z ~gbm. _bm _mJM Cabm Zmhr. gmJ H$m` H$$ ? VyM _bm _mJ XmId. _r
_m`m nVrMr _Zmo^mdo godm Ho$br Ag`mg d _r Iar n{VdVm Ag`mg Vwbm nmdmdoM bmJob. ZmhrVa _r
_mPm Ord XoBZ '' {VMm hm dO{ZYma ~KyZ _mVobmgwm {VMr X`m Ambr d {V`m H$mZr dZr nS>bm. ""Km~$
ZH$mo ! noQ>rV nhm VoWo ` {_iob. Vo gmdH$mamg Xo. VwPm nVr Kar `oBb,'' Ago ImrMo eX H$mZr nS>VmM
J_mBbm A`V g_mYmZ Pmbo. {VZo KamVrb noQ>r CKSy>Z nm{hbr. {Vbm nmD$Ueo n`o Ro>dbobr Wbr gmnS>br.
Admo ho H$$UmH$a ^dmZr & hr H$m` {dn[aV Ho$br H$aUr &
_r ~mi VwPr Ho${dbdmUr & H$emnar nhmdo &&
Oar _mPm n{Vnm`t ew ^md & Agob Var Am{O nmd &
Zmhr Var hm Ord & XoBb I{MV{M &&
BH$So> Xmamdar gmdH$ma & _mJUr H$ar dmadma &
Vmo hUo J_mB `o ~mhoa & dgyb Xo bmoH$ar &&
_wbJr gmZwbr aS>V & _m _m hUmoZr AmH$X V &
Eoem doir J_mB {ZdmV & Omhbr ZmdoH$ &&
Vmo H$mZr nS>bm dZr & J_mB, gmoS> {MVm `o jUr &
KamV AmYr noQ>r CKS>moZr & nmhr nm I{MV &&
VwPm nVr `oBb Kar & Vy dgyb Xodmo{Z Q>mH$ bmH$ar &
ho ImoQo> Zmhr dmo gwXar & {ddmgo C{R> nm &&
Vd J_mB AmZXbr & CR>moZr noQ>r CKS>br &
Vmo nmD$Ueo $n`mMr Wbr & {Q> nS>br VoYdm&&
Ogm OmVm OmVm Ord & naVmoZr `mdm gmd`d &
H$t ~mZXmMm AZw^d & gmYH$m {_imdm &&

34

2/190
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2/196
2/197

Vr a$_ J_mBZo gmdH$mamg XoD$Z aH$_oMr nmdVr KoVbr d `mg {Zamon {Xbm. gd {WVrMr
H$nZm Agbobm gmdH$ma {d_`M{H$V hmoD$Z {ZKyZ Jobm d WmoS>m doimVM g`mH$mir {dH$_ Kar
naVbm. {dH$_mg nmhVmM {VMm AmZX JJZmV _mdoZmgm Pmbm. OUy H$mhr {V`mgmR>r H$mimo`m amr
nm{U_oMm M CX`mg Ambm. {dH$_Zo, `mM lr_V ^mD$~XmZo `mMo H$O \o$Sy>Z gwQ>H$m Ho$`mMo gm{JVbo.
naV `oVmZm Vmo ^mD$~X d$S> Jmdr Jobm hmoVm. Vmo Kar naVbm H$m`, nmhyZ `o, Ago {dH$_Zo J_mBbm gmJVmM
{Vbm Imr nQ>br H$r, A~m_mVoZM
o {dH$_Mr gwQ>H$m Ho$br. {VZo {dH$_mg Vmo lr_V ^mD$~X Hw$Ro>M Jobm Zmhr
KarM Amho, Ago gmJyZ A~oZo {VMr d `mMr H$er gH$Q>mVyZ gwQ>H$m Ho$br ho gm{JVbo. XmoKohr J{hdabo, H$R>
XmQy>Z Ambm. Am_`mgmR>r _mVm {eUbr `mMr IV d _mVoZo gH$Q> {ZdmaU Ho$bo `mMm AmZX `m g{_l ^mdZoZo
XmoKohr ^mamdyZ A~m_mVo`m MaUr ZV_VH$ Pmbo. {dH$_bm J_mB`m nm{Vd`mMr _hmZVm nQ>br. Vmo hr
CXJmabm Y` J_mB ! Y` _r !

&& ho \y$b Vw`m nVrbm gwJY

Ko`mgmR>r Xo &&
`mZVa `mZm AmUIr EH$ H$`m Pmbr. {VMo Zmd dmb~m~mB Ago Ro>dbo. XmoZ _wbt`m gm{Z`mV
J_mB Am{U {dH$_Mo {Xdg gwIg_mYmZmZo Mmbbo hmoV.o AemVM EH$ {Xdg AMmZH$ `oD$Z {dH$_Zo J_mBOdi
nw hmdm Aer BN>m `$ Ho$br. `m`m _ZrMo JyO J_mBbm H$iyZ Ambo d {V`m _ZmVhr nwoN>m EH$X_
OmJV Pmbr. Vmo H$mihr VgmM hmoVm. AmOhr nwmrgmR>r Vi_iUmao AmBdS>rb AmnU nmhVmo. Vmo H$mi Va
150 dfmndy rMm hmoVm. Oohm J_mB`m _ZmV nwo N>m OmJV Pmbr Vohm {Vbm Amn`m gmgy`m gmH$amB`m
eXmMr AmR>dU Pmbr. gmH$amBZo {Vbm gm{JVbo hmoVo H$r, Vw`m CXar `j ^JdmZ O_mg `oUma Amho. ho
dMZ g` hmdo `mVd {V`m _ZmV nwmrMr AmVVm {Z_mU Pmbr d AmR>dU Ambr A~o `m dMZmMr.
_J _mJm`Mo H$moUmbm ? AWmV, A~b
o m. AmB {H$Vr ghO CnbY AgVo. H$mhrhr _mJm, gH$moMmMo
H$maU ZgVo. AmB XoIrb {H$Vr CXma. hmVMo amIyZ Z Ro>dVm gd gwI Amn`m _wbm~mimZm Xo`mg gXd Vna.
J_mBZo A~bo m Amn`m nVrMr d dV:Mr _ZmoH$m_Zm gm{JVbr. ""_m`o, _mPo nVrbm dmQ>Vo _mPo CXar nwg^d
hmdm. VyM _mJo _m`m gmgybm dMZ {Xbo hmoV,o AmR>d Oam. Am_Mr H$m_Zm nyU H$a. _mPo nmoQ>r ^JdV `oUma,
Vmo `oD$ Xo. VyM _bm EdT>m MmJbm nVr {Xbm, gd gwIo {Xbr, b_r gadVr gma`m XmoZ H$`m {X`m,
gH$Q>g_`r Ymdbrg. AmVm Vw`m dMZmbm OmJ d _mPo CXar XodmMm J^g^
d H$a. _bm nw gVVr Xo,'' Aer
AmV[aH$ `mHy$iVoZo Zo {_Qy>Z J_mB H$Um ^mHy$ bmJbr. VmoM Zdb KS>b.o EH$mEH$r bI H$me nS>bm d
^modVrMm Amg_V bIbI`m {X` H$memZo ^$Z Jobm. {Vbm AZV Aem gQ>rMo XeZ hmoD$ bmJbo d&?o
eodQ>r EH$ {X` nwf JQ>bm d ""_rM Vw`m nmoQ>r nw $nmZo O_ KoUma Amho,'' Ago ^mH$rV `mZo Ho$bo. `m
{X` nwfmbm Xod g_OyZ J_mBZo Am{bJy nm{hbo, VmoM Vmo ~mi H$UmMo $nmV namd{VV Pmbm d amJy bmJbm.

35

`m ~mi H$Umg J_mBZo o_mZo AH$mda Ko`mgmR>r CMbbo, VmoM {V`m hmVmV EH$ \y$b VodTo> Ambo. {Vbm
H$ioZm H$r, hm gd ^mg H$r g` ? _m hmVr \y$b hmoV.o hmVmVrb \y$b nmhyZ Vmo ^mg ZhVm hr J_mBMr Imr
nQ>br. {Vbm `m AX^Vw BeXeZmZo d X>mV mZo A`V AmZX Pmbm. `m \w$bmMo H$m` H$amdo, Agm Z
dm^m{dH$M {V`m _ZmV {Z_mU Pmbm. AmBbmM {dMmamdo H$m` H$amdo Vo. VmoM AmdmO C_Q>bm, "ho \y$b
Vw`m nVrbm gwJY
Ko`mgmR>r Xo,' Vgo Ho$bo H$r, Vw`m _ZmV Agbobm hoVy nyU hmoBb
.
Eogr n{VdVm H$amoZr Vw{V& _J VQ>W hmoD${Z nmhr _y{V &
godo{M ~mobbr {X` \w${V _hmgVr J_mB &&
hUo EoH$ X`W {Zdm{gZr & _Jb _y{V gwdm{gZr &
_m`m nVr`m {X` dMZr & Vy g hmoB nm &&
Eogo hUmoZr S>moio Pm{H$bo & dmrg X`r {ZO{dbo &
_J {VWo Zdb nm{hbo & gmdrZo VoYdm &&
EH$ g[agm bIbImQ> & H$me n{S>bmOr KZXmQ> &
{VWo C^r hmoD${Z PQ>nQ> & VQ>W nmhr &&
Vmo Amnw`m dmgmVyZ & AZV ^yVgQ>r hmo Cn &
Ogo YZw`mdamo{Z ~mU & gagamQ> gwQo> n &&
V {VWo gdm`m eodQ>r & EH$ {X` nw$f JQ>r &
Vmo hUo J_mB Vw`m nmoQ>r & _r AmVm ~mi hmoVmo nm &&
nhm V J_mB gVr & `m {X` nw$fmVr &
^JdmZ hUmoZr Vr & Am{b{JV dhVo &&
Vd Vr ~mb_y{V MVw^wO & Jit dZ_mim gVoO &
J_mBnwTo> ^JdmZ ghO & ~mi hmoD${Z amJV &&
V nw _mPm hUmoZ& J_mB CMbr _moho H$$Z&
Vo \y$b{M hmVmbmJyZ & {V`o`m Ambo nm &&
Vd Vr Mnmnbr & gdo{M nyd{WVr Ambr &
Ogr dZmVw{Z MoBbr & OmJ{V `o &&
Ogo J_mBgr Ohmbo & nar dZ Zho Vo nm{hbo &
Vo `m{M IwUo H$imo Ambo & \y$b am{hbo hmVmV &&
J_mB A`V AmZXbr & OUy nm{U_m hm{gbr &
{H$dm gmYHo$ Xo{Ibr & emoH$ {Zd{m &&
Vmo AH$_mV CR>bm dZr & H$r \y$b nVrg Xo ZodmoZr &
_J VwPm nVr AdKmUmo{Z & gwI$n hmoBb &&

36

3/71
3/72
3/73
3/74
3/75
3/76
3/84
3/85
3/86
3/87
3/88
3/89
3/93

ho \$mdbo J_mBgr & hUo Y` _mD$br gm^mirgr &

{ZO^$m a{jgr & namonar &&

3/94

J_mBZo _mVobm Z_H$ma Ho$bm d nVrOdi Ambr. nVr d Xmohr H$`m JmT> {ZoV hmo`m. {VZo hiyM
nVrbm CR>{dbo. J_mBMr gVm nmhyZ {dH$_ M{H$V Pmbm. {VMo Vo d$n AJXr doJioM hmoV.o Vmo haIbmgwm.
{VZo nVrg KS>bo Vo gnU
y gm{JVbo d A~M
o r Amkm hUyZ nVrbm \y$b dmg Ko`mgmR>r {Xbo. `mZo Vo hwJ VmM
Vo `m`m Zm{gH$m_mJ} `moVrd$nmZo `mMo earamV gm_mdbo. `m MV`dobr`m nwnm`m $nmZo OUy
`j BdaM {dH$_`m AVaJmV H$me`moVr hmoD$Z doebm. {dH$_ AmZXmZo nwb{H$V Pmbm d J_mBgmo~V
a__mU Pmbm Am{U na~dmZo gwm J_mBMo J^mV ~rO $nmZo doe Ho$bm.

&& {^wdZr H$m|Xbm eIZmX &&

nwT>o J_mB J^dVr Pmbr. {VMo eara {Vbm AJXr hbHo$, AmZXmMo S>mho mda VaJUmao ^mgy bmJbo. {Vbm
Amn`m gnU
y dmMr, {dd`mnr d$nmMr, Vr dV:M Xod$n Ag`mMr OmUrd {Z` hmoD$ bmJbr. ho EH$
H$maMo ~XeZM hmoVo. {VMo S>mohmiohr A`V AmJio. {Vbm gmaIm eIdZr EoHy$ `oD$ bmJbm. gnyU
{^wdZm_`o VmoM ZmX H$moX Zy Jo`mMr OmUrd gVV hmoD$ bmJbr. Q>rg_moa EH$ Vma gVV M_Hy$ bmJbr. gd
OJ {Vbm H$me_` d AJmY ^mgy bmJbo.
EH$ gm[aIm eIdZr & _r EoH$V Amho Or H$mZt &
_O dmQ>Vo gd ^wdZt & Vmo{M ZmX H$moXbm &&
hr ndr nm`mVir & _O ^mgV Jwbm~H$ir &
_mPo nmoQ>r `oV C_mir & H$t OmD$ {XJVam &&
_m{P`m {Q>g_moa & EH$ Vma M_Ho$ {ZaVa &
Vo aZ_` gdmVa & _O {Xgo nm &&

3/162
3/163
3/164

Xodm`m O_mMr doi Odi Ambr. Y` J_mB ! Y` {dH$_ ! Y` Ym_UJmdMo OZ ! Y` {dX^

^y_r ! Y` ^maV_mVm ! `j XodmZo AZoH$ dfmndy r A~o `m _wImVyZ ^{d`dmUr H$$Z J_mB CXar `oD$Z
O_ Ko`mMr doi hmoVr H$U O_mMr, O_mQ>_rMm {Xdg, amo{hUr Zj, lmdU d AQ>_r, eHo$ 1785,
{XZmH$ 4 gQo>~a 1863 Mo amr 12.00 dmOVm Xod EH$m bhmZ Jmo{O`m, N>~wH$`m, gmdim, gwXa, MMb
Zom`m, H$mim Hw$Vbm`m ~mim`m $nmV AdVabm. gJwU $nmZo Ambm. gd AmZXmMm hfmMm dfmd
Pmbm. Xodmbm Amnbo bmS>H$moS> nwhm nwadyZ `mdogo dmQ>b,o hUyZM ~hwYm Vmo J_mB`m Hw$erV AdVabm. Y`
Vmo {Xdg, `m {Xder `j na~ gd}da ~mi hmoD$Z J_mBMo Odi nhwS>bm. {Vbm nmhm \$moSy> bmJbm.
{VMo VZnmZ H$$ bmJbm d JrVoV {Xbobo dMZ nyU H$a`mgmR>r nwhm AdVabm. `mMoOdi AIS>
g_mYmZmMr IUr _hmgmdr, _hmgVr, _hmn{VdVm, XodmMr AmB J_mB nhwS>br hmoVr.

37

_wwJgmOr Xodm`m O_m`m doir Zo_H$r Jh{WVr H$m` hmoVr Am{U _wJgmOr XodmMr
Hw$S>br H$er Agob Aer EH$ CgwH$Vm \$ma nydrnmgyZ boIH$mMo _ZmV hmoVr. `mMo H$maU Ago H$r,
`mo{V` {df`H$ nwVHo$ B`mXr MmiVmZm ^JdmZ lram_,^JdmZ lrH$U AmXt`m Hw$S >`m nmh`mV
Am`m hmo`m. hUyZM `m gX^mV ZmJnya `oWrb {g `mo{V{dX lr. hr. hr. {XdoH$a,
S>r.Am`.E.Eg.E_.E. `m`mH$So> CnbY Agbo`m gJUH$r` Umbrd$Z _wJ gmOr XodmMr Hw$S >br
H$$Z KoVm Ambr d `mZr gXa n{Ho$g~Yr Amnbr H$mhr _Vogwm _mS>bobr AmhoV. `j Xod Oar
AdVma $nmZo O_mg Ambo, Var `mZr Oohm Xoh YmaU Ho$bm,Vohm Vmo Xoh hm maYmMo AmYrZ hmoVm.
hUyZ _mJmb Vo XoD$ hU`mMo gm_`, Ago AdVma $nmZo ndrda Ambobo _hm_o, VnmZo Xoh
VmndyZ, ew H$$ZM Vo H$_mdVmV Am{U _`w bmoH$m`m AQ>nmemVyZ dm ~YmVyZ `mZmgwm gwQ>mdo
bmJVo. `m o{fVmMr M[ao BVamZm XrnV^m_mUo _mJXeZ H$arV AgVmV. `m Q>rZo nmhVm Hw$bXodVm
VwiOm^dmZrZo XQ>mV XoD$Z ZmVdm`m $nmZo `j Xod O_ KoBb, Aer nydgyMZm {Xbr hmoVr d
`m_mUo lrH$U O_mQ>_r hUOoM JmoHw$imQ>_rg, ewH$dmar amr amo{hUr Zjmda XodmMm O_
Pmbm''.

ZmJnya `oWrb
gw{g `mo{V{dX
lr. hr. hr. {XdoH$a

38

XodmMm O_ 4 gQo>~a d 5 gQo>~a 1863 `m XmoZ {Xdgm`m OmoS>mda Pmbobm hmoVm.

hUOoM 4 gQo>~a amoOr ewH$dma hm {Xdg hmoVm d `m {XdgmMo amrMo 12 dmOVm XodmMm O_
Pmbobm Amho. `m doig
o amo{hUr Zj hmoV.o VwiOm^dmZr`m X>m Vm_mUo d AmerdmXmZo Pmbobm
XodmMm O_ `m_wiM
o ewH$ dmar Pmbobm hmoVm Ago dmQ>V.o XodmMr amer d b ho df^ Ago hmoV.o
`m`m n{Ho$V H$n_ `moJ, Vndr `moJ, _XwJ `moJ, Ho$Xma `moJ d H$mbgn `moJ AmT>iyZ
Am`mMo n{S>V {XdoH$amZr g{j ^{d` H$WZmV Z_yX Ho$bobo Amho. _hmamOmMo O_ doir ~mbd,
H$aU d amo{hUr Zj Ag`mZo Vd gKf Pmbm d MmMo H$maH$d H$_Omoa Pmbo. _yi M
CrMm AgyZ, `mMr \$bo H$_Omoa Pmbr. n{Ho$V ~mYHo$e, Zd_oe, eZr nM_mV, ~wY ewH$
`wVrV d {nVH$maH$ M Ag`mZo {n`mg d Hw$Qw>~ mg {nV{ZYZmn`V mg Pmbm. _mVH$maH$ d
MVwW}g a{d MVwWmV damerMm Ag`mZo AmB J_mBZo {V`m Am`w`^a _wJgmOr XodmMr gd
H$mao H$miOr KoVbr. H$mbgn `moJ n{Ho$V Ag`mZo 37 `m dfmn`V Xw:I, dar d ZmVbJmnmgyZ
mg Pmbm. nU d` 37 dfmn`V VnM`m nyU hmoD$Z bmoH$mZm {X`dmMm AZw^d `oD$ bmJbm.
Vndr `moJm_wio XodmH$Sy>Z IS>Va Ago Vn Pmbo. ^mVH$maH$ amhy_i
w o XodrMm gmX nU H$R>mao Vn.
gmn _wJ g
w _mS>rda Ioibo. nwH$maH$ d kmVrH$maH$ ~Xb VgoM A_m`H$maH$mMr OmJm amhy ^mVH$maH$
KoV Amho. Am_mH$maH$ _Ji Amho. Ho$_y_ `moJm_wio {XJV H$sVu bm^br. g_oe _Ji AVJV,
XmamH$maH$ Jw$ fR>mV d g_mda eZr _Ji Q>r Am{U g_mVrb amhyMr Cn{WVr, `mMo
n[aUm_r ~M` dVmMo nmbZ Ho$bo. nZrgwI Zmhr. `moJH$maH$hr eZr, `m_wio `mMo d`mMo 36
dfm ZVa Iao Zmd Pmbo. Aem d$nmMr {WVr n{Ho$V Ag`mMo n{S>V {XdoH$amZr Amn`m
g{j ^{d` H$WZmV Z_yX Ho$bo Amho.

39

lr. {XZH$a _amR>o

E_. E. E_. \$sb., E_. ES>.,

A{Y`m`mVm `mo{V`em- H${d Hw$bJw H$mbrXmg gH$V {dmnrR>, am_Q>Ho $

`mZr XodmMo Hw$ S>brda Ho$bobo ^m`

Bg lo> OmVH$ H$m O_ ew^ {XZmH$ 4 / 5 - 09 - 1863 e{Zdma Ho$ {XZ _hmam> am` Ho$
Ym_UJmd Jm_ _| hAm h& OmVH$ H$m O_ Zj amo{hUr Ama bZ df^ h& `h OmVH$ _hmnwf
B`mXr AZoH$ ew^`moJm| go g_ h& Bg Hw$ S>br H$s JhpW{V A`V lo> h& Hw$ S>br H$s lo>Vm H$mo
{g H$aZo Ho$ {bE `mo{Vfemr` _mU ^r CnbY h& Bg OmVH$ H$m O_ Zj amo{hUr h& Bg
Zj H$s {deofVmAm| Ho$ ~mao _| dUZ H$aVo Z_mJH$ma H$hVo h- amo{hUr Zj go dV, `mnma,
amOm, Y{ZH$, `moJr BZH$m {dMma H$aVm h `Wm ,
amo{h`m gwdV -n`-^yn-YZr-`moJ_wVemH${Q>H$m -Z_mJ n[a{e> IS>
Bg OmVH$ _| d`m ( g`mg) H$maH$ Jh eZr nM_ _| AWmV Yr WmZ _| pWV h&
bZm{YnVr eZr go X> hmoVm h Vmo n{admOH$ `moJ hmoVm h Eogm dhmmVH$ JW Ho$ d`m `moJm`mg
_| H$hm J`m h& Bg Hw$ S>br _| bZm{Yn{V ewH$ e{Z go X> Z hmoZo na ^r e{Z go `wV hmoH$a nM_ _o
pWV h& AV OmVH$ H$s d{V n[admOH$ AWdm {damJr H$s Vah hmoZo H$s g^mdZm h&
O_H$mbrZ M_m {Og am{e _| hmo Cg amer H$m A{YnVr d` e{Z H$mo XoIo AWdm
Xw~b
amer H$mo e{Z XoIo Vmo dmm `moJ hmo gH$Vm h& Bg Hw$ S>br _o bZm{YnVr/am`m{Yn{V ewH$
H$m e{Z Ho$ gmW `moJ h AV CnamoV \$b {_bZo H$s g^mdZm h&
O_oemo`` `o @ H$nw n``{H$O_n dm
~bmoZ_& Xrjm mVmoX`m{H$ && B{V&&
dhmmVH$_ A`m` 15 bmoH$ 3
Bg OmVH$ _o `moJH$maH$ ~wY H$`m _| CM hmoH$a bZ go nM_ _| AWmV {H$moU _| pWV
hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ^ Zm_H$ _hmnwf `moJ ^r Bg OmVH$ H$mo mV hAm h&
Bg `moJ H$m \$b Bg H$ma hemmW{dXY{ V`wV g_gJV^yZ mJmon_mo ^{dV-`m` {ZJyT>Jw `&
gHw${jY_m{ZaV `wbmbmQ> eL>Imo Yra
pWadm{gVHw${Q>MVHo$e^ma&&

40

BgH$m AW Bg H$ma h ^`moJ _| CnZ OmVH$ em H$m kmVm Y`d mZ, Y_m_m, gwX a _VH$dmbm Ama pWa {Mm dmbm
hmoVm h&
Bg Hw$ S>br _| ~wY Jh A`V lo> WmZ _| pWV h& ~wY H$`m am{e _| CMW h& O_
Ho$ g_` H$`m am{eW ~wY hmo Vmo OmVH$ Ym{_H$, dVm, MVwa, boIH$, H$mbkmVm, nyOZr`, {g,
CXma VWm ~bdmZ hmoVm h& Bg H$WZ Ho$ _mU _o gmamdbr JW
_o H$hm J`m hY_m{`mo @ {Vdm_r MVwa `mH$boa`H$m`O&
{dkmZ{en{ZaVmo _Ywa rdndr`M&&
`o> ny`mo gwXm ZmZm{dZ`monMmadmXaV&
WmZmo JwU} Xma H$`m`m gmo_Oo ~bdmZ&&
(gmamdbr (H$`mUd_m))
A`m` - 26 bmoH$ -11,12
Bgr JW
Ho$ A` A`m` _| H$`m _| ewH$ H$s pW{V OmVVH$ H$mo VrW Ama g^mAm| _|
n{S>V ~ZmVr h Egm H$hm J`m h& Bg Hw$ S>br _| ^r ewH$ H$`m am{e _| h&
H$`m`m ^JZw Z`o VrW g^mnpS>Vmo OmV&
(^JVw Z` AWmV ewH$ )
gmamdbr A- 28 bmoH$ 12
H$`m am{e ~wY H$s CM am{e h& gmamdbrH$ma H$hVo h {H$ ~wY AnZo CM _| AWmV
H$`m _| hmo Vmo OmVH$ _o Ymdr, Hw$blo>, MVwa dVm hmoVm h&
_Ym{dZ Hw$bmT>` gw{ZnwUdmH$` ~wYdmoMo
gmamdbr A`m` - 44 bmoH$ 2
&& Ed ew^_Vw &&

41

dmg{VH$ emo^m Ko bmoiU & Ym_UJmd OUy CndZ &

{dH$mgbo r Am{U OZ & Ogr djbVm ~hao &&
hm AZm{XH$mbmnmgyZ & ~mJ {dYr gO{d OmU &
nar AmOdar AmJ_Z & ZhVo dgVmMo &&
Vr ew^ K{Q>H$m ^$Z & Ambr Or nyd nw`mB H$$Z &
hUmoZ _wJ gmOr ^JdmZ & lr dgVr JQ>bm &&

w$

42

3/180
3/181
3/182

&& ~mbnUr`m brbm &&

hm gmjmV XodmMm AdVma Amho & A~M
o r ^{d`dmUr
_mPm Zo_ H$YrM MwH$V Zmhr&
hm Ambm, Zm Jobm BWoM _mPo g_moa OodV Amho&
Xodm _bm ~rZmWmZoM Va Vw_`m XeZmg nmR>{dbo&
_rM Xod Amho, ho _bm g_Obo&
Z^mV njmMm _S>n, Amg_V {MdV&
Vwhr A_VH$mbm Im, JmB ~amo~a naV `oVrb&
VwPr Pmon Amhmbm H$mimgmaIr dmQ>Vo&
`mKm~a \$UrdaYa gwXa _XZmar&
w$

43

&& _wJ gmOr _mCbr&&

&& O` _mCbr O` _mCbr O` _wJ gmOr _mCbr &&

44