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am_m`UmMr am`Q>r hUyZ dmp_H$sbm
{_imbr Agob! H$maU Vr ~mU_m`,
Mr&& _mM 2009&& 5

~m` nmdbobr! CJmM Zmhr Amnbo


AmdS>Vo `.{X. \$S>Ho$, `mXd, _olm_ Am{U
nmZVmdUo {VH$S>o OmD$Z dm`mMo dmp_H$s
hmoV!
{__{UtZmo! `mZm eVH$mnydu
{ejU Ko`mgmR>r "~m`mMm phgm'
bmJV hmoVm, `mMm phgm H$mTy>Z ^mS>dbXmar XoemV ZoD$Z AmVm {dm_Ho$ Xodo
hUm`Mr MT>mAmoT> gw$ Pmbr Amho.
nm{H$VmZ ^maVmV XheVdmXr hbo
H$adVo, H$aVo Ago hUyZ nmH$S>o, {hadr
AdbmX hUyZ BWo Jio H$mT>m`Mo. nU `m
nm{H$VmZbm gdH$f _XV XoD$Z nmogUm`m
A_o[aHo${d "~' H$mT>m`Mm Zmhr. CbQ>,
{VWo OmD$Z g_obZo Am{U H$a_UwH$sMo
H$m`H$_ H$$Z S>mba_`o H$_mB H$am`Mr.
{VWo Om`mgmR>r amJm bmdm``m. H$Yr
H$mir {~{Q>em{d XoemV AmXmobZo Pmbr
Vohm AZoH$ ^maVr` {dmWu {~Q>Z gmoSy>Z
^maVmV naVbo. Vgo nm{H$VmZ{d X~md
dmT> d `mgmR> r A_o [ aH$mpWV _ S > i r
^maVmV naVVrb? CbQ>, 9/11 Pm`mda
A_o[aH$Zm_Ybm dU^Xo rnUm H$gm {Xgbm,
Am{e`mB bmoH$mZm Vo H$go Vm|S>mda {e`m
KmbVmV, Q>mo_Uo _maVmV `mda BW`m
nonamV J{hd$Z boI {b{hbo! nU Vohm ho
Zmhr AmR>dV, H$s ^maVmV gmodir ZogyZ
AmnU hoM H$aV hmoVmo, AOyZhr Ho$bo OmVo`.
naXoemV OmD$Z `mZr ^JrH$m_ Ho$bo H$s ho
hUUma {VWo l_gH$Vr Amho. Hw$Umbmhr
Aer H$m_o H$aUo ho H$_rnUmMo dmQ>V Zmhr.
nU ^maVmV Ambo H$s, _m g\$mB H$m_Jma
"_mJmg OmVrMmM' bmJVmo! `m Aem
XwQ>nr, Xm{^H$ OmVr`dmXm{dM Va
AmnU gdH$f bT>m C^mabm Amho. `mgmR>r
g_{dMmar nj, gKQ>Zm, `Vr `mMr
{_iyZ hr {dmohr gmH${VH$ Midi C^r
Ho$br`. `m Midirbm AmVm Xhm df}
PmbrV. nU nanam XrS>eo dfmhZ A{YH$
dfmMr Amho. AmVm nwT>o Om`mAmYr, WmoS>o
_mJo diy Z nmhUo Am{U gXm{edno R > r

gm{h` Am{U gm{h` g _ o b Zo `mda


{V{H$`m Xo`mV, hbo H$a`mV doi
Kmbd`mnojm, AmnU Amnbr Midi,
Amnbo gm{h`, H$bm Am{U `mMm {dH$mg
`mda J^ranUo MMm gw$ H$am`bm hdr
Am{U `m>rZo `mnH$ Am{U XrK _wXVrMm
H$m`H$_ hmVr `m`bm hdm.
{dmohr gm{h` g_obZ, ho {d{dY
amOH$s`, gm_m{OH$ nj, JQ>, gKQ>Zm `m
n[adVZdmXr, n`mdaUdmXr, r OmVrAVmMm bT>m XoUm`m, ^mS>dbr gmobm
{damo Y H$aUm`m, S> m `m {dMmam `m
gKQ>Zm AmhoV. YmoaUm_H$ nmVirda
`mVrb AZoH$ bmoH$mMo, AZoH$ Jmo>tda
_V^o X Amho V . _V^o X ho d M m[aH$
OmJ$H$VoMo bjU _mZV Am{U AZoH$Xm
_V`mnojm _V^oXmdaM A{YH$ MMm H$aV
~gbmo. `mVyZ XmoZ doJir {dmohr g_b
o Zohr
^adbr Jobr. EH$sH$aUmMo `moJ Pmbo,
hmoVmhoV. `m`m Vn{ecmV _r OmV Zmhr.
naVw _mPo Ago _V Amho, H$s `m gm{h`
g _ o b ZmMm H $ Zhmg Oar amOH$s`,
gm_m{OH$, Am{WH$, gmH${VH$ Agm
`mnH$ Agbm Var {dmo h r gm{h`
g_b
o ZmV gdm{YH$ doi hm gm{h` d H$bm
`mda {Xbm nm{hOo. H$Xm{MV H$mhtZm hm
{dMma H$bmdmXr dmQ>ob. nU _bm {dmg
Amho, H$s _m`mgmaIm EH$m Om{UdoZo `m
jomV H$m`aV Agbobm H$m`H$Vm {Zdi
H$bmdmXr {dMma H$aUma Zmhr. AmO `m
g_obZmbm CnpWV Agbo`m Am{U
Zgbo`m nU `m {dMmamH$S>o AmH${fV
Pmbo`m AZoH$ VU-VUtZm {bhm`Mo
Amho. ZmQ>H$ {bhZ gmXa H$am`Mo Amho.
{MnQ> H$mTm`Mm`. `mZm AmnU Omo
{dMma _mS>Vmo, `m {dMmamZo gm{h` Am{U
H$bmjomV H$mhrVar H$am`Mo`. Aem
Amn`m VU {_-_{UtZm `m {dMmanrR>md$Z H$mhr H$m`H$_ XoVm Ambm Va
hr Midi AmUIr \$mo\$mdob. AmH$S>odmar
gmJVo H$s XoemV AmO drg Vo Vrg d`mMr

{nT>r gdm{YH$ Amho. gnyU XoemVM Or


B { S> ` m {d ^maV Aer {d^mJUr
Pmbr`, Vr `m {nT>rV Va gdm{YH$ Amho.
`m_wio `m {nT>rH$S>o bj XoUo A{YH$ JaOoMo
Amho. `m>rZo _r Omo H$mhr {dMma Ho$bm`,
Vmo Amn`mnwT>o _mS>Vmo. `mda gH$mam_H$
MMm hmdr Aer Anojm Amho.
{dmohr gmH${VH$ MidirV\}$
gm{h` Am{U H$bm, _m`_ `mda H$m_
H$aUm`m {eIa gWoMr WmnZm H$amdr,
`mMm Coe bmoH$nanam, bmoH$gm{h`,
bmo H $H$bm `m M o OVZ, g d Y Z Am{U
`mM~amo~a AmYw{ZH$ VkmZ, _m`_
`mMm bmoH$ MidirgmR>r, ~moYZmgmR>r
Am{U _w`do X{bV, Jm_rU, Am{Xdmgr,
^Q> H o $ `mVrb VUm Z m, H$bmH$ma,
gm{hp`H$ `mZm EH$ AWmOZmg{hVMo
H$m`jo {Z_mU H$aUo hm Agob. `mM_mUo
Wm{nV _m`_mV Znw`mgh OmD$Z
amoOJma AWdm H$bm{dH$mamgmR>r _mJXe Z na H$m` e mim `m {eIag Wo Z o
Am`mo{OV H$am`mV.
AmO KS> r bm am` Am{U H| $
emgZmV\}$ `mgmR>r {d{dY _mb`o, dm`m
gWm `m_m\$V {e`dmr, nmR>dmr,
A`mgd mr Am{U B_maV {ZYrgh,
H$m`H$_ am~d`mgmR>r {ZYr {Vdfu
CnbY hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
emgZmV\}$ {Zdm, d`mod H$bmH$mamZm noeZ {_iVo, `mV AZoH$ nman[aH$
bmoH$ H$bmH$ma AmhoV. `m noeZ gX^mV
AWdm H$bmnWH$m Z m Xo e -{dXo e m V
bmoH$H$bmMo H$m`H$_ gmXa H$a`mMr gYr
{_iVo. {VWo R>amdrH$ _S>itnojm doJ`m
bmoH$mZmhr gYr {_iob `mgmR>r `Z
H$aVm `oVrb.
emgZmV\}$ H$bmH$ma, gm{hp`H$,
nH$ma `mZm Xo`mV `oUm`m Kam_`o JaOy,
{ZamYma bmoH$mgmR>r AmJh Yam`bm hdm.
emgH$s` `moOZm hUyZ Xwbj H$$ Z`o.
A`Wm {dR> m ~mB g maIr do i Ag `
Mr&& _mM 2009&& 6

bmoH$mda `oBb.
{dmohr gm{h` g_obZ Xadfu Z
^adVm, VrZ dfmVZy EH$Xm ^admdo. _Y`m
XmoZ dfmV, gwMdbo`m {eIagWoZo {d{dY
A`mgdJ , H$m` e mim Am{U `j
{Z{_Vr `mda ^a mdm. {dmohr gmH${VH$
MidirMo EH$ _m{gH$ _wIn Agmdo Oo
gm{h`, H$bm Am{U _m`_ `mZm dm{hbobo
Agob.
`mM~amo ~ a gmS> o V rZ Q> `m M o
gm{h`, gH$Vr, nanam ZmH$maVmZm,
R>abo`m gmS>oehmUd Q>`mMr gm{h`,
gH$Vr, nanam `m gX^mV ^y{_H$m H$moUVr
`mda Jm^r`mZo MMm hmoD$Z, Vr {b{IV
d$nmV _mS>br Om`bm hdr. AmnU Oa
gXm{edno R > r g_rjm, gm X ` e m,
AmH${V~Y ZmH$maUma Agy Va {dmohr
{dMmamMr g_rjm, gmX`em, AmH${V~Y
`mda {dMma Am{U H$Vr hmdr.
ZmQ>H$, Xya{MdmUr Am{U {MnQ>
`m _m`_mV AmO ~hOZ, X{bV, Jm_rU
g_mOmVrb AZoH$ bmoH$ dfmZwdf} H$m_
H$aVmhoV. `mVbo AmO H$mhr `em`m
{eIamda AmhoV. Aem H$bmH$ma, VkmZm
KoD$Z, ZmQ>H$, XyaXeZ _m{bH$m Am{U
{MnQ> {Z{_Vr hm`bm hdr. X{bV aJ^y_r
qH$dm BQ>m `mgma`m gWmZr AmO nwhm
EH$Xm H$m`aV hmo`mMr JaO Amho. ~moYr
ZmQ> Midi AmO ZdrZ ZmQ>H$H$ma
emoY`mMo H$m_ H$aVo`. BWo _bm AmUIr
EH$ _wm _mS>mdmgm dmQ>Vmo. Jobr H$mhr df}
"X{bV' `m eXm~b doJir MMm gw$
Amho. `mEodOr \w$bo-Am~oS>H$admXr,
Am~oS>H$admXr ~m, ~moYr Ago AZoH$
n`m` AmJhmZo nwT>o AmboV Am{U `mda
{h[aarZo, gJr h_arVw_arda `oD$Z dmX
hmoVmV. gWm Xw^J VmV, `{Vof dmT>VmhoV. EHo$H$mir AmnU gJioM "~{hH$V'
hmo V mo ho {dg$Z AmnU EH$_o H $m Z m
"~{hH$V' H$a`mgmR>r eyMm ey Vmo
Amnbm {_ `m ZrVrZo gJr OmVr`dmXr,

Y_mY d ^mS>dbr njgKQ>Zm `m`m


XmdUrbm dV:gh Amnbm g_mO, {dMma
Am{U nydgyatZmhr ~mYyZ Q>mH$Vmo. Amnbm
Zo _ H$m ey H$mo U ho Amo i Iy Z AmnU
Amn`mVbo _V^oX H$_rVH$_r hmoVrb ho
nm{hbo nm{hOo AWdm g_yi JmS>bo nm{hOoV.
d`{VH$ _moh, bm^ `mgmR>r {dMmagaUrMm
~ir OmD$ Z`o.
Hw$R>`mhr MidirVrb H$m`H$`mMo
gmdO{ZH$ Am{U d`{VH$ Mm[a` ho
nmaXeu Am{U dN> Agmdo. nU Midi
hUOo \$V EImXm , {df` Zho Am{U
H$m`H$Vm hUOo `m {d{e> mda nyUd i
o
`j H$m_ H$aUmar `Vr EdT>rM `m`m

gm{dr~mB \w$bo `mMr r {ejUmMr


gwdmV, qH$dm _Zw_VrMo XhZ hm Iam
^maVr` r _wVr {XZ, hm AmJh `WmWM
Amho. naVw OJ^amV`m r MiditZr,
BW`m CMdUu` {`m H$mhr g_VmdmXr,
qbJ^md, OmVr`dmX, Y_mYVm, n`mdaU
`m gX^mV H$mhr ^y{_H$m KoV AgVrb Va
`mZm CMdUu`, dJu` {eHo$ _m$Z
~oOma H$a`mnojm, `m`m _m`_mVyZ
CMdUu`, dJu` {`m Z m gr.S> r .
Xoe_wIm_mUoM qH$~hZm `mnojm g_V
{`m`m X>rZo A{YH$ ~mUoXma Agm qhXy
H$moS> {~bmgX^mVbm S>m. ~m~mgmho~
Am~oS>H$amMm amOrZm_m Amho ho gm{JVbo

EHo$H$mir AmnU gJioM "~{hH$V' hmoVmo ho {dg$Z AmnU


EH$_oH$mZm "~{hH$V' H$a`mgmR>r eyMm ey Vmo Amnbm {_
`m ZrVrZo gJr OmVr`dmXr, Y_mY d ^mS>dbr njgKQ>Zm
`m`m XmdUrbm dV:gh Amnbm g_mO, {dMma Am{U
nydgyatZmhr ~mYyZ Q>mH$Vmo. Amnbm Zo_H$m ey H$moU ho AmoiIyZ
AmnU Amn`mVbo _V^oX H$_rVH$_r hmoVrb ho nm{hbo nm{hOo
AWdm g_yi JmS>bo nm{hOoV. d`{VH$ _moh, bm^ `mgmR>r
{dMmagaUrMm ~ir OmD$ Z`o.

Zgmdr. {dmohr mJ{VH$ {dMma _mZUmam


`oH$ r-nwf Hw$R>`mhr jomV AgmoV,
Vo mda H$m_ H$aUm`m gKQ>Zm, JQ>,
nj `mMo g^mgX AgmoV-ZgmoV, `m`m
gmdO{ZH$ d `{VJV OrdZmV `m
{dMmamMo {Vq~~ {Xgbo nm{hOo. ZmhrVa
AmVaOmVr` bZ H$am`Mo Am{U nwhm
Zd`m`m OmVrgH$Q>, `mMo ZdaonU
~m`H$mo d a bmXm`Mo Am{U X{bV
H$m`H$`mZr IwboAm_ Xm$ nrV ~m~mgmho~m`m ZmdmZo "O` ^r_' hUm`Mo.
nU X{bV boIH$-bo{IH$mZr EImm
X{bV rbm Xm$ {nVmZm XmIdbo H$s
AmnU bJo M `mMm {Zfo Y H$am`Mm.

nm{hOo. AmO g_mZ ZmJar H$m`m`m


ZmdmZo gmo`rMr ~m|~ H$aUmao Oo AmhoV,
`m`m nydO
mZr qhXy {ddmh H$m`Xm, XmH$,
KQ>\$moQ>, _mb_mm `mV KQ>Zm_H$ hVjon
ZH$mo Agm AmJh Yabm hmoVm.
AmO "b { JH$ dmV `m'n` V
nmoMbo`m CMdUu`, dJu` {`m`m
MidirZo ho bjmV R>odbo nm{hOo H$s AmO
bZgWm, Hw$Qw>~gWm, _mb_mm hH$
`mda Omo A{YH$ma Vwhr gmJVm, AWdm
`mMr Or {M{H$gm H$aVm Vmo H$a`mMm
KQ>Zm_H$ A{YH$ma Ho$di S>m. ~m~mgmho~
Am ~ o S > H $a `m `m_w i o {_imbm`.
"An`mMo ZoVo' hUyZM ~m~mgmho~mH$S>o
Mr&& _mM 2009&& 7

~KUm`m g_V qhXy {`mZr, VohoVrg


H$moQ>r Xod nwO`mAmYr ~m~mgmho~mZm dXZ
H$am`bm hdo ! ~ m Ur _mZ{gH$Vm
_mJ`mM AmR>dS>mV nw`mV ^abo`m
~ m U A{Ydo e ZmZo XmIdy Z {Xbr`.
EH${dgm`m eVH$mV _ZwdmXr _mZ{gH$Vm
~miJUmar hr O_mV gwYmaUma H$Yr? AmO
~mU `m nVrZo Amn`m OmVrVrb
{`mZm Jwbm_ ~Zdy nmhVmhoV, `mMnVrZo X{bV, Am{Xdmgr, ^Q> H o $ hr
Amn`m {`mZm Jwbm_M g_OVmV H$m?
AmOhr Xm$ {nD$Z ~m`H$mobm _mam`Mo
Am{U Om~ {dMmabm H$s hUm`Mo
~m`H$mobm _maUo hr Am_Mr ~hOZmMr
nanam Amho! IabmOrgma`m KQ>ZoV
nmobrg, S>mQ>a ho `mM g_mOmVbo AgyZhr
A`mMma H$aUm`m`m ~mOyZo am{hbo.
^moV_mJo `m nZr`m Mm[a`mMo nmoQ>_mQ>_}
H$a`mV Ambo. Mm[a`hrZ _mUgmda
O_mdmZo hbm H$a`mMm nadmZm Hw$Ur
{Xbm? Agm Amho. S>m. ~m~mgmho~
Am~oS>H$amMm AZw`m`r AmO EH${dgm`m
eVH$mV `moZrey{MVm Am{U `mda AmYm[aV
nm{d`m`m gH$nZm drH$maUma H$m? _J
_Zy Am{U Am_`mV \$aH$ H$m`? ~w
Am{U ~m~mgmho~ `m XmoKmZrhr ~Omdbo
hmoVo, _m`m_mJo AmYionUmZo `oD$ ZH$m.
~w { m_m`dmX Am{U {dkmZ{Z> m ho
XmoKm`mhr {dMmamMo _ybmYma AmhoV.
`mMm A J rH$ma H$$Z AmnU hm
n[adV Z dmXr {dMma n[adV Z m`m
AmdVZmV R>odbm Zmhr Va ~w Am{U
~m~mgmho~m`m {dMmamMo Ho$di _R> C^o
amhVrb. JmV_ ~w Am{U ~m~mgmho~
`m`m Vg{~ar AWdm _yVug_moa _oU~`m
noQ>dyZ MmbUma ZmhrV, `m Amn`m
AV`m_r noQ>dyZ "Am Xrn ^d'Mm gXoe
AJrH$mamdm bmJUma Amho. dmV`mbm
Am{U Y_mVambmhr nZmg df Pm`mZVa
Var AmnU hm {dMma H$aUma H$s Zmhr?
{__{UtZmo, {dgmdo eVH$ gnVmM

g_obZmV JWmbrZo H$m{eV Ho$bo`m gO` ndma `m`m "nmZrH$_' `m nwVH$mMo H$meZ
_m`dam`m CnpWVrV Pmbo

doJmZo gd OJmV Am{U XoemV AZoH$ ~Xb


hmoV AmhoV. _wV AW`dWoMo JmoS>do
Jm`mg gwdmV hmoV ZmhrV VmoM `mMo VmoQ>o
{Xgy bmJboV. ImOJrH$aUmZo H$m_Jma
Am{U _`_dJ gndyZ Q>mH$bm, _wV
~mOmanoR>mZ r nman[aH$ bKwCmoJ, hVH$bm
d BVa Hw${Q>amomoJ gndbo. JmhH$dmXmZo
"JaOm' dmT>d`m Am{U `mgmR>r Ho${S>Q>
H$mS>, ngZb bmoZ `mgmaIr Omir ngadyZ,
`mVyZ Zdr gmdH$mar O_mbm KmVbr.
nwfYmZ `dWoV "Xmgr, Cn^mo` dVy'
Agbo b r r Z`m ~mOmano R > o V
"_Q>rnnO' dVygmaIr {d{dY $nmV,
aJmV, AmH$mamV, dV qH$V_rbm Am{U
_w~bH$ CnbY Pmbr. {d{Z_`m_`o boXa
H$agrbmhr _m`Vm bm^br. "VimVbm
_mUy g H| $ WmZr hdm' ho bmo H $emhr
am``dWo V bo _y b Jm_r Vd. nU
am`H$`mZr VimVbm _mUyg JmimV H$gm
OmB b ho Wm{ZH$ Cmo J nVr Am{U
~ham>r` H$n`m `m`m gJZ_VmZo A{Ve`
{ZX`nUo nm{hbo Am{U ho H$aVmZm Xoem`m
{ZgJ gnmrMm, eoVH$`m`m O{_ZtMm,
Wm{ZH$ \$io, \w$bo, {nHo$, OZmdao, `mda
AmYm[aV amoOJma ho EImXm ~wbS>moPa
{\$admdo Vgo {\$adbo ! gaH$ma Am{U

_m`_mZm eoVH$`m`m O{_Zrnojm aVZ


Q> m Q> m M r H$miOr AgVo . _J Q> m Q> m hr
AmOdaMr g`Vm gmoSy>Z "__Vm, _oYm
h`mV H$s {dH$mg' Agm Cm_ gdmb
H$aVmV! Xw:IX ~m~ Aer H$s "_`_dJm g mR> r bmImV H$ma' Aer ^w a i
nS>Um`m _`_dJmbm hr ZZmo Wm{ZH$
eoVH$`m`m KamXmamda {\$aUmam ZmJa
R>aUma Amho `mMr ghdoXZm am{hbr Zmhr!
BVHo$ {Xdg eoVH$`m`m Am_h`mgX ^mV `W amhUmam CM _`_dJ
Am{WH$ _Xr, Am{WH$ KmoQ>mio Am{U ZmoH$a
H$nmV `m_wio AmVm ^mZmda Ambm`. AmO
{XgUmao {M BWyZ nwT>o AmUIr ^`mdh
hmoUma Amho. nU "d'd {dHy$Z _hmgmm,
OmJ{VH$ ~H$ `m`m ~obJm_ {Z~Ymgh
{dZmeH$mar {dH$mgmMo _m S > o b drH$maUm`m amOH$ma`mZr EH$m ~mOybm
Y_dmX Am{U Xwg`m ~mOyZo _m{\$`m amO
hmVmer Y$Z, OZAm X mo b ZmV \y $ Q>
nmS>`mMr AWdm Vr ZoVZm~yX H$a`mMr
gdnjr` _mohr_ hmVr KoVbr`. gdJ
bmoH${`VogmR>r _m`_o `m "{dZmeH$mar
{dH$mgmMr' ^mQ> PmbrV. {H $ Ho $ Q> a ,
CmoJnVr, {MnQ> Vmao `mZm ~m~m Am_Q>o
qH$dm gwXabmb ~hJwUm `m`m nVrV
Mr&& _mM 2009&& 8

~gdy Z hr _m`_o Am`H$m Z Am{U


Am`S>mb
Mo EgE_EgZo Ioim`Mo [aA{bQ>r
emo Io i Vmho V . Hw $ UmMrhr gX g X {ddoH$~wr OmJV amhUma Zmhr Agm MJM
`m Z`m _m`_ d _m{hVr`m _m`mOmbmZo
~mYbm` Am{U hm Agm {dMma _mS>Umao
nmo{W{Z> g_mOdmXr, JmYrdmXr, H$`w{ZQ>
hUy Z ho Q > m iUr H$a`mV d` K mo { fV
nn{S>V Xmohr hmVmV boI`m KoD$Z
gagmdUma!
Am_Mm _wm gai Am{U gmonm Amho.
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A{^ZXZ
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Kmd KmbyZ ~Xb.
Amo~m_mMo H$mVwH$ Amhmbmhr Amho.
nU Vmo Omo ~Xb hUVmo` Zm, Vmo Am_`m
~mnmZo Am_`mhr O_mAJmoXa nZmg
dfmnydu gmJyZ R>odbm`!

AmVm AerM Xwgar Jmo> AcrH$So>M A_o[aHo$Mo _mOr A`j


~we `mZm `m`m A`jr` H$ma{H$XuV`m
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Amdibm" nU dmK gwQ>bm!


Zm_Xod T>gmimZm amJ `m`mgmR>r
Ambm hmoVm, H$s dmX Omhra Ag`mZo
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`w Amhr {dgabobmo Zmhr.
Am{U H$mi Hw$R>bmhr `odmo Am_Mm
nmgdS> EH$M
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gO` ndma
46 {Z_b ao{gS>ogr, boZ 17,
S>hmUyH$a H$mbZr,
H$moW$S>, nwUo 411 029
writingwala@gmail.com

{dmohr gm{h` g_obZmV H$m{eV Pmbo

nmZrH$_
gO` ndma
_m{_H$ VnerbmMm,
{~ZVmoS> VH$mMm Am{U
VmaV`mM ^mZ R>odUm`m
_y`{ddoH$mMm ^H$_ AmYma
Agbob nwVH$.

_y` 100 n`o


Mr&& _mM 2009&& 9

gdbVrV 60 n`o

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Z{VH$VoMm Amho.
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bmo H $m ~ b. ^maVmVy Z Oo hm _ S > i r
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~XbVmV. Vr H$Mam a`mda \o$H$V ZmhrV.
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~mobmMo gm{h`, ~mobmMoM {d...


A^` nmQ>rb
{_idVmV. ^maVmV gw>rbm Ambobo Agbo
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hbr _m `m ZXZdZmV Hw$R>oVar
H$ga bmJbobr Amho, Ag OmUdy bmJb`.
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hrgrS>r, S>rhrS>r {Z_m`mMr nadmZJr
Z KoVm, dm{_dhH$mMr V_m Z ~miJVm
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EH$m ZmJ[aH$mZ Or _m{hVr COoS>mV AmUbr
Vr AdW H$aUmar Amho. XwH$mi, ^yH$n,
nya Aem AmnmrJVm`m nwZdgZmgmR>r
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_amR>r ZmQ>H$mMm A_o[aH$m Xmam Ho$bm Am{U
`mZm `m~b Hw$Ur H$mhr {dMmab Zmhr!
WmoS>`mV, A_o[aHo$V AmXe B{_JQ> hUyZ
dmdaUmam ^maVr` demMm _mUyg dOZmer
dmJVmZm _m H$Yr H$Yr _yi d^mdmda
OmVmo, Ag {Xgy bmJbob Amho. _r `m
H$mambm 'i2i' interaction' hUOo 'Indian
to Indian interaction' Ag Zmd {Xbob
Amho. EH$ ^maVr` _mUyg dm gWm Xwg`m
^maVr` _mUyg dm gWo`m g_moa R>mH$bm
H$s "_yi d^md OmBZm' ho ` nmhm`bm
{_i`mMr e`Vm Iyn OmV AgVo.
^maVr` d{H$bmVrV ^maVr` dem`m
bmoH$mZm `oUmao AZw^d ~hVoH$ doim `mM
Mr&& _mM 2009&& 10

YmQ>UrMo AgVmV.
AmVm dmMH$mZm hm nS>bm
Agob H$s `m 'i2i' dJaoMm BWo g~Y H$m`?
_r ho {ZXeZmg Ammy BpN>Vmo H$s {dd
gm{h` g_obZm`m AZwXmZm~m~V Oo
KS>b` Vo `m KgaUm`m _y`m`m {WAarV
~amo~a ~gV. g_obZmMr do~gmBQ> Oa
nm{hbrV Va {VW`m AmR> N>m`m{MmV
EH$hr gm{hp`H$ {XgUma Zmhr.
H$m`H$_n{Ho$V {d{dY H$bm-JwUXeZmMo
Am{U "hgm MH$Q> \y$'gmaIo Y_mb {dZmoXr
H$m`H$_ nmhm`bm {_iVrb. nwhm EH$Xm
_bm gmJmdg dmQ>V H$s, H$m`H$_mMm XOm
Am{U Am{M` _bm IQ>H$V` ho Ia, nU
_mP XwIU doJi Amho. `m _oim`mgmR>r
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AZwXmZ _mJmd, hm EH$ H$mao Z{VH$
^Q>mMmaM Amho, Ag _bm dmQ>V.
`mMo doir ho Xwga {Mhr nmhm.
Xa XmoZ dfmZr hmoUma ~h_hmamQ> _S>imM
A{YdoeZ `mM dfu (2009) Owb_`o
{\$bmS>op\$`mbm hmoV`. hOmam|`m g`oZ
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gm_{OH$ jo mV H$m` a V `VtZmhr
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Amho H$s, AmVm Vwhr AZwXmZmMr KmofUm
H$am`M Wm~dm! A_o[aHo$Vbr _hmamQ>

\$mS>oeZ hr gWm Xadfu gm_m{OH$ Am{U


gm{h` jomV doJir dmQ> MmoImiUm`mZm
^ard nm[aVmo{fH$ XoVo. H$ZS>mVbr _hmamQ>
godm g{_Vr gm_m{OH$ H$m`m~amo~a _amR>r
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AmhoV. WmoS>`mV, Cma A_o[aHo$V`m
AZoH$mZr Amnbm doi, ngm Am{U j_Vm
^maVmV`m gm_m{OH$ Am{U H$bm
jomgmR>r dmna`mMm dgm nobbobm Amho.
nU AmO W_M ho AmH$sV KS>V`, H$s
A_o [ aHo $ V`m EH$m _o i m`mgmR> r Wo Q >
_hmamQ> gaH$maH$Sy>Z XoUJr _m{JVbr
Jobr!
MmH$moar~mhoa`m H$nZm bT>dyZ
ZdrZ nm`S>m nmS>U ho ~o E[a`mV`m
_ S > i tM `dNo X H$ bjU Amho .
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hUVmV. {H$`oH$ _amR>r CmoOH$mMr
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_amR>r gm{h` g_b
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Am{U j_Vm BWo ZH$sM Amho" nU Vo
gmoSy>Z _hmamQ>mV`m H$aXm`m`m nemZr
gmVm g_w mnma gmOam hmo U mam EH$
_ZmoaOZmMm H$m`H$_ `m nbrH$S>o H$mhrM
KS>VmZm {XgV Zmhr!
A^` nmQ>rb
abhay.patil@gmail.com

~o E[a`mVrb gm{h` g_obZ

`mnH$ {dMma hmdm


AZV R>H$ma

~o E[a`mVbo gm{h` g _ o b Z
Am`mo{OV H$a`m`m {ZU`mZVa _hmamQ>mV
d ~o E[a`mV, ~w{dVmZr, nH$mamZr,
dV_mZnmZr Oo Amjon KoVbo `mbm Cma
Xo`mMm d g_obZm~m~V _m`m H$mhr
{_mMm Jag_O Xya H$a`mMm hm `Z.
_r MMBA Mm H$m`H$Vm Zmhr
`m_wio boImVrb _Vo _mPr AgyZ ~o E[a`m
_SimMm `m`mer H$mhr g~Y Zmhr.
~o E[a`mVrb gm{h` g_obZmda
nwT>rb Amjon KoVbo Jobo.
1. gaH$maMo nMdrg bmI n`o KoD$Z
A_o[aHo$V (_hmam>m~mhoa) g_obZ
Ko`mMo `moOZ H$m`?
2. _amR>r H$m` bJoM OmJ{VH$ hmoD$Z
Stanford bm {eH$dUma H$m`?
3. {VWo {H$Vr bmoH$ `oUma?
4. gm{h` g_obZ H$s _ZmoaOZ?
5. H$mhtMm Vm{dH$ {damoY.
6. H$mhr ~o E[a`m a{hdmem `m
{damoYm_mJo _yi Wm{ZH$ amOH$maU.
m gd dmX{ddmXm _`o g_b
o Zm`m
_yi C{>mH$S>o Xwbj Pmbo.
Hw$R>`mhr Jmo>rMm \$m`Xm bJoMM
hmoV ZgVmo, `mgmR>r WmoS>r JwV dUyH$ AJmoXa
H$aUo Oar AgVo; nU ho MmH$Q>rV amhZ,
gHw${MV {dMma H$aUm`mZm H$go nQ>Uma?
`j H$m`H$ _ hmo`mAmYr g_b
o Z failure
hUy Z Kmo { fV Ho $ bo d AmVm `edr
Pm`mda gm{h` g_obZ H$s _ZmoaOZ
mda MMm!
gmh{OH$M, A_o[aHo$V hmoUmao Am{U
_hmam>mV hmoUmao g_obZ m`m_`o \$aH$
CnpWVrMm AgUo dm^m{dH$ Amho. ~o
E[a`mV _amR> r bmo H $m M r g `m n Y am
hOmam`m Amgnmg, ojmJhmMr j_Vm
Mr&& _mM 2009&& 11

AmR>eo, nwVHo$ AmU`mg _`mXm m_wio


`mMo scale d C{> ZH$sM doJio
AgUma. `m_wio `mMr _hmam>mVrb
g_obZmer VwbZm H$aUo MwH$sMo Amho.
AmO _amR> r gm{hp`H$ Amnbo
nwVH$ A`mgH$_m_`o H$go bmJob m`m
ncrH$So> Om`bm V`ma ZmhrV. JmdmMr dog
AmobmS>`m{edm` JVr hmoV Zmhr. ^mfm,
gm{h`m~m~Vhr Vo bmJy nS>V.o "JW mbr'`m
JW `moMm Coe ehamnmgyZ Jm_rU ^mJmn`V
dmMZmMr AmdS> H$er dmT>dmdr hmM hmoVm.
`mMm \$m`Xm AmO {XgyZ `oV Amho.
g_obZ A_o[aHo$V ^ad`mMm Coe
Agm, H$s AmO{_Vrbm Oo gm{hp`H$ AmhoV
`mMo {df`, Ame` ~Xb`m n[apWVrZwgma `mnH$ hmdoV, ZdrZ bmoH$m`m
AmoiIrZo ZdrZ H$nZm `oD$Z doJ`m
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gm{h`m_`o traditional gm{hp`H$g_doV
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_moR>m g`oZo H$m{eV hmoV (Za| OmYd,
MoVZ ^JV...) Amho. `m`m OrdZmV
Ambobo AZw^d, `mZr {d{dY jomV Ho$o bobr
JVr nwVH$$nmZo BVamZm \y$Vu XoD$Z
ZdrZ gm{hp`H$ {Z_mU hmo`mg _XV
hmoBb. amOm-amUr`m A{^OrV nmQ>rb
`m Z m phgm gmo n H$ma, A_o [ aH$m
ghbr~b Ambo`m AZw^dmda EH$ N>mZgo
nwVH$ AWdm bmJ {b{hVm `oBb.
_hmam> gaH$maH$Sy>Z AZwXmZ KoD$Z
g_obZ A_o[aHo$V H$m ^admdo? hm AmUIr
dmXmMm {df`. nMdrg bmI n`m`m
AZw X mZmda Amjo n Ko `mny d u `o W rb
H$m`H$`mZr Ho$bo`m l_mMo _moO_mn H$aUo
Amd`H$ Amho. H$m`H$`mZr aOm H$mTy>Z
Ka`m H$m`mgmaIo dmhZ KoVbo hmoVo.

_hmam> gaH$maMo dm{fH$ ~OoQ> E|er hOma


H$moQ>tMo AgVo. `mVyZ nMdrg bmI
AZw X mZmgmR> r nmo Q > X w I r hmo `mMo H$m`
H$maU? g_b
o Z Am`mo{OV H$a`mg Am{WH$
~i A`md`H$ AgVo, `mgmR>r _hmam>
gaH$ma, dm H|$ gaH$maZo Oar _XV {Xbr
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_mJ`mV Ja H$`? gaH$mar mogmhZm_wio
d Am{WH$ _XVr_wio AmO _hmam>mVrb
bmoH$H$bobm (bmdUr...) naV MmJbo {Xdg
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g_ma ^ m_`o bmdUr H$a`mg bmOV
ZmhrV, H$maU bmoH${`Vm.
Having said all above, _m`m
_m{hVr_mUo , H$m`Xo e ra {Z`_m Z w g ma
_hmam> gaH$ma ~o E[a`m _hmam> _S>imbm
(MMBA ) AZwXmZ XoD$ eH$V Zmhr.
nMdrg bmImMm MoH$ _hmamQ> am`
gm{h` _hm_S>imbm {Xbm Jobm Amho.
`m_wio `j MMBA bm Hw$R>brhr
Am{W H $ _XV _hmam > gaH$maH$Sy > Z
{_imbobr Zmhr.
H$m`H$ _m`m d$nmd$Z d gH$o VWimd$Z H$mhtZr gm{h` g_obZ H$s
_Zmo a O Z? Agm _w m CnpWV Ho $ bm.
g H o V Wim ~ amo ~ a gm{hp`H$mno j m
H$bmH$mamZm _hd {Xobo Jobo m~b _r
nU gh_V Amho Am{U Vgo H$aUo MyH$
Amho. naVw gm{h` g_obZmMo d$n
H$mbm{^_wI amhZ ~Xbbo nm{hOo. gm{h`
g _ o b Z Am{U _Zmo a O Z m M r gm J S>
KmV`mg g_obZo aQ>mi hmoUma ZmhrV.
gm{h`m_`o Mr {Z_mU hmo`mgmR>r,
ZmQ> , g J rV Am{U {MnQ> `mhr
_m`_mMm ^mdr Cn`moJ hmoUo Oar Amho.
_amR>r gm{h`mda AmO {H$Vr {MnQ>
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Am{U nQ>H$WmH$ma d gm{hp`H$ mMo
networking hmoUo OarMo Amho.
gm{hp`H$m g mR> r V kmZmMm,
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H$gm H$aVm `oBb, mgmR>r g_obZmV


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BVa jomVrb _m`da bmoH$mMm gh^mJ d
gm{hp`H$mMo `m`mer networking hmoUo
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Y`Vm _mZbr!
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H$ZmQ>H$ embo` A`mgH$_mV Amho nU
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content (\$moQ>mo, ph{S>Amo, pQq_J)
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AZV R>H$ma
Cupertino
ainfinity@gmail.com

AU ~obgao mMo AmH$p_H$ {ZYZ


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{g Pm`m.
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JVr d `mr ~KyZ OmJ{VH$ n|MgJ
hUOo OmJ{VH$ Am{WH$ _Xr Aer `mMr
g^mdZm Ho$br Amho. 1929 `m Am{WH$
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mV JwUm_H$ \$aH$ _moR>m Amho, Oar `mMo
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H$moU`mhr AW`dWoV Vmnwa`m d$nmMo
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OmJ{VH$ `mnma gKQ>Zm gma`m


gKQ>Zm Zh`m. AmO m gKQ>Zmda
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amQ> m `m AW `dWo V aMZm_H$
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g_`m OmMH$ Pm`m AmhoV. `mM~amo~a
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Wto

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mda R>a`mZo amoOr d doVZ mV H$mhrM


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g_mOdmXmH$S> o H$b hmo V m. nU _J

{H$g`m Z`m AW e mmZo nw Z


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hmoVm Var Vmo g_mOdmXmMm nwaH$Vm ZhVm.
^mS>dbemhrVrb dJw`o H$mT>`mg hrM
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Mr&& _mM 2009&& 15

H$m`mbm Y$Z `pV{Zanoj am`nVr


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gm_m{OH$ {hVm`m Q>rZo Amd`H$ AgVo.
VgoM AmVm gmmYm`mbm H$`mUH$mar
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ho Ho$di _hgyb Jmoim H$a`mgmR>r ZgyZ
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Amho. AWmV AmOhr H$mhr ^maVr` CmoJ


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mV H$m_JmamZm CnmXH$Vm dmT>d`mgmR>r
mogmhZ, H$`m _mbmMr gmR>dU d
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`mMm nwZ dmna, ZdrZ H$`m _mbmMm
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d _mJUr dmT>ob d `m_wio CnmXZdmT>rbm
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Mr&& _mM 2009&& 16

n[apWVrV hmM n`m` OmV {hVX. Jo`m


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hUyZ Z nmhVm, eoVr d Jm_momoJ mH$S>o
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^mo J mdo bmJVrb. hUy Z Amn`m
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g_OVmo `mMr g`m MS> Amho d `mMr
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aJmdmr V`ma H$am`bm bmJm`Mr, AndmX


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