SEMESTER IV

BIOMATERIALS & ARTIFITIAL ORGANS

AIM

L T P C
3 0 0

To understand the principles and biology underlying the design of implants and artificial organs

OBJECTIVE
To know about the different classes of materials used in medicine
To gain knowledge about the application of biomaterials in medicine
To understand the concept of biocompatibility and the methods of biomaterial testing
To know about the technologies of biomaterial processing, clinical trials, ethical issues and
regulatory standards.
To gain knowledge in some of the existing designs of artificial organs.
UNIT I - BIOMATERIAL PROPERTIES
8
Biomaterial definition, Material characterization Mechanical, thermal, Phase diagrams, Surface
properties, Structure and properties of naturally occurring materials - Collagen, Bone, Teeth, Skin,
Causes of failure - micro cracks, crazing, fatigue. Technologies of biomaterials processing - Surface
coatings methods
UNIT II - CLASSES OF BIOMATERIALS
9
Different classes of materials used in medicine - Polymers Synthesis - Mechanical & Thermal
properties - Polyesters Polyacrylates - Polyanhyrides - Biodegradable Polymers Hydrogels
Elastomer Dendrimers. Metals - Stainless steel - Cobalt-Chromium alloy - Titanium alloys. Ceramics
and Bio glasses non absorbable bio ceramics - biodegradable ceramics bio reactive ceramics deterioration of ceramics - Other Bioactive materials, Composites as biomaterials
UNIT III - SOFT AND HARD TISSUE APPLICATIONS
9
Sutures, Wound dressings, artificial skin - Drug delivery devices Cardiovascular medical devices
Heart valves, Assist devices-Stent and grafts, Orthopedic fixation devices Internal External - Joints,
Total Hip Arthroplasty Evolution- Design.
UNIT IV - MATERIAL RESPONSE
8
Material and Tissue interaction, biological environment and host response - Inflammation, Wound
Healing and Foreign Body Response - Failure mechanisms; corrosion, fracture, degradation of
Implanted Materials Polymers, Metals, ceramics.
UNIT V - BIOMATERIAL TESTING AND ARTIFICIAL ORGANS
10
Testing of biomaterials: In-vitro, in-vivo preclinical tests - biocompatibility methods for improvement,
surface modification of materials - implant retrieval and evaluation. Artificial Heart, eye and ear
implants, artificial pancreas, ophthalmic implantation, dental implantation, insulin administration
devices, extracorporeal artificial organs, neural prostheses.
TEXTBOOKS
1. Joon Bu Park, Roderic S, Lakes, Biomaterials, Springer-Verlag, New York Inc., 2010.
2. Ratner A, and S. Hoffman, B. D. Biomaterials Science: An Introduction to Materials in
Medicine, Academic Press; 3 edition, November 8, 2012.
REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Chua, Chena.J.Y, Wanga.L.P, N.Huang, Plasma-surface modification of biomaterials,

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 36, Number 5, 29 March 2002, pp.
143-206 (64)