Railsback's Petroleum Geoscience and Subsurface Geology

Continuous Oil Refining Co. founded 1866 First Valvoline Products 1868
Freedom Oil Works founded 1879

Company became Valvoline 1902

Purchase of Valvoline 1944

Merger with Ashland 1950

Merger of Ashland with Scurlock and
acquisition of Permian Corp. 1991

Swiss Drilling Co. founded in Swiss Oil Co. founded

Ashland Refining
Swiss merged into
Oklahoma 1910; dissolved 1916 in Kentucky 1918 founded by Swiss Oil 1924 Ashland 1936
Cumberland Pipeline Co. Divested 1911

Ashland*

Bought by Ashland 1931

Sohio

Unowned stock bought by BP 1987

Arco

Richfield Oil Co. organized 1911

Merged with Atlantic 1966 to form Arco

Sinclair Oil Co. organized 1916

Acquired by Arco 1969

American Oil Co. organized 1922 50% interest bought by Pan Am 1923
Controlling interest in Pan-American Petroleum by Standard of Indiana 1925
Standard Oil of Indiana Incorporated 1889

Stanolind

American

Amoco

Became Amoco 1985

Standard Oil of Nebraska bought by Standard of Indiana 1939

Humble Oil Founded 1917 >50% interest acquired by SONJ 1919
Carter Oil Co. founded 1877

60% bought by Standard 1894

Standard Oil of New Jersey founded 1882

Enco

Esso

Became Exxon in 1972

Exxon

Anglo-American Oil Co. founded 1887 Divested 1911 Bought by Jersey Std 1930

Divested in
1911 as Socal

Chevron Oil Co formed by

Chevron
Standard of California 1953

Socal

Merger 1998

Standard Oil of Iowa incorporated 1885 Bought by Socal 1906

Gulf incorporated 1907 from Mellon holdings
Magnolia Petroleum's first refinery 1902

Bought by Standard of CA (Chevron) 1984

>50% interest bought by Standard of NY 1918-20

Became part of Socony Mobil 1959

Vacuum Oil incorporated in NY 1866

Standard of New York (Socony) formed 1882 Socony-Vacuum became Socony Mobil 1955
Socony Mobil became Mobil Oil 1966
Bought by Standard Oil 1879
Socony & Vacuum Merged to Socony-Vacuum 1931

Ohio Oil Company

Bought by
Divested by Standard Marathon completely
founded 1887
Standard Oil 1889
Oil in 1911
acquired by Ohio Oil 1936

South Penn Oil Co. incorporated in Standard Oil Trust 1889

Marathon bought by US
Marathon*
Steel (later USX) 1981

Conoco Bought by DuPont 1981 Divested by DuPont '96 Conoco

ConocoPhillips

Continental Oil Co. founded 1875 Acquired by Standard 1884 Divested by Standard 1911

Ohio Oil renamed

Marathon in 1962

Divestiture of South Penn, American Transit, South-West Merger

Pennsylvania Piplines, & Eureka Pipeline Companies 1911 1963 Pennzoil

Purchase of Pennsylvania Company by American Transit (Standard Trust Member) 1881

"Total", "Texaco", "Amoco", "Marathon",

Contract between Standard of California Purchase of 50% Casoc became Arab Shares bought by Ownership transferred
"Valvoline", and "Mobil" were names used for
American Oil Co. Standard of NJ and to Saudi gov't in
and Saudi gov't 1933; California Arabian
of Casoc by
products long before their producing
(Aramco) 1944
1970s & 1980s
Socony 1948
Standard Oil Co. (Casoc) formed
Texaco 1936
companies took those names.

Became Getty 1956

Skelly incorporated 1919

Tidwater Pipe Co. Tidewater Oil organized by
founded 1878
Tidewater Pipe 1888

This chart does not show the

many national oil companies
(e.g., Petroleos de Venezuela
SA) that are entirely state-owned.

Phillips brothers' first well 1905

Bought by Texaco 1984

Bought by Getty 1957

Tidewater & Associated

merged 1926

Bought by Getty 1957

Aquisition of brand name by Eastern Refining

Co, which became Quaker State Oil Co. 1924

Local Oil City lumber concern begins

"Quaker State" brand marketed by
leasing land days after Drake's discovery
Phinney Bros. Oil Co. 1913

Texaco*

Texaco

Acquisition of California Petroleum 1928

Pacific Western Oil Corp incorporated 1928

Merger 1998

The Texas Company incorporated 1902

Saudi
Aramco*

19 companies merged into Quaker

Quaker State
State Oil Refining Co. 1931

Phillips Petroleum founded 1917

Phillips

General American Oil Co. founded 1936 in Dallas

Purchased 2002

Pacific Coast Oil Co. incorporated Became Standard

in Standard OIl Trust 1879
of California 1906

ExxonMobil

Bought by Socal 1961

Merger 2001 to form

ChevronTexaco

Standard Oil of Kentucky

to form

John D. Rockefeller entered

the refinery business in
Cleveland 1863; Standard
Oil of Ohio founded 1870 by
Rockefeller et al.; its trust
over Standard companies
dissolved 1892 by Ohio
Supreme Court. Trust was
held by Standard of New
Jersey until 1911, when
dissolved into 33 companies
by order of U.S. Supreme
Court under the Sherman
Antitrust Act of 1890.

Merger 2002

Pennsylvania Rock Oil Co. founded 1854; assigned Col. Edwin Drake to drill 1857;
Seneca Oil Co. took over well 1858; told Drake to abandon drilling 1859.
Drake well produced 8/1859, beginning modern oil industry.

Warden, Frew &Co. Est. 1860 Merged to form Atlantic Petrol'm 1866 Bought by Standard Oil 1874 Divested 1911

1999

Standard of Ohio

Merger 1998 formed BP Amoco

Anglo-Persian Oil Co founded 1909 Became Anglo-Iranian in 1935 Became British Petrol'm 1954 UK gov't stock sold 1987 BP
Standard Oil of Ohio incorporated 1870

Phillips

Bought by Phillips ca. 1982

Union of California narrowly avoided a takeover by Union of Delaware, a Royal Dutch/Shell subsidiary, in 1921-1922.

Hardison, Stewart, & Co. founded in California 1883

Pure bought by Union 1965

Amerada Hess founded ca. 1922

A Genealogy
of
the Oil Industry

Amerada Hess
Acquired Placid Oil 1994

Occidental founded in California 1920

Cities Service organized 1926

Oxy

Cities Service bought by Occidental 1982**

Sun Oil incorporated 1889

LBRailsback
Dept. of Geology, U. of Georgia
12/1996; rev. 4/2002.

Unocal

Became Unocal 1983

HS&C and others merged into Union Oil Co. of California 1890

Pure Oil Co. organized 1895

Sun in US became Oryx 1988

1939 Discovery in Aquitaine spurred formation of

la Rgie Autonome des Ptroles (ERAP)

Compagnie Financire Belge des Ptroles (Petrofina) founded 1920 in Antwerp

Successors of ERAP formed

Elf 1967, later Elf Aquitaine
Fina

Elf

Sun/Oryx

Merger with
TotalFina ~1999

Merger with Total ~1998

TotalFinaElf
TotalFina

Compagnie Francaise des Petroles (CFP) founded 1924

CFP became Total CFP 1985, which became Total 1991

The TotalFinaElf merger created the world's fourth-largest oil company.

Remainder of U.S.
"Shell Shop" Royal Dutch 1st Shell Shell Transport 1st Shell-Royal Dutch Shell bought Roxana Merger of Shell of California, Shell Union
founded
Union of Delaware, and
became Shell Shell bought by Royal Shell*
opened in
oil tanker Co. organized collaboration in Asiatic & 5 small Oklahoma
1890
1897
Petroleum 1903
companies 1912
Roxana into Shell Union 1922 Oil Co. 1959 Dutch/Shell in 1985
London 1833
1892
*Shell, Texaco, and Saudi Aramco merged much of their U.S. refining and marketing in 1998. Marathon and Ashland did likewise as of 1/1/1998.
**When Cities Service was bought by Occidental, the Citgo refining and retail component was sold to Southland Corporation, owner of 7-Eleven stores.
Southland sold half of Citgo to Petroleos de Venezuela SA (PDVSA, the Venezuelan national oil company) in 1987 and the second half to PDVSA in 1990.

LBR 8 18Pet roleumHist ory6