soclstYof PetrdelJnEndneera

SPE 29318
Gas Fields Development

h Malaysia

Chen Kah Seong*, DannrisHusain* and Abdul Hamid Abdul Karim, Exploration &
Production Sector, PETRONAS

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ABSTRACT
This paper is a review of the gas fields development in
Malaysia.
The
major
subsurface
engineering
considerations for gas development inctude drive
mechanism determination, well requirement, completion
strategies, well deliverabiiiies, recovery factor
and
resewoir surveillance requirements. For surface
engineering, the major considerations include offshore
facilities funtilon, platform con~uration and sequence
and process and compression requirements. The result
of the review is the summa~ of some of the differences
in gas fields development to date.

INTRODUCTION
The first gas field development in Malaysia started in
1982 when E-1 1 field, located offshore Sarewak, was
developed. In the following years, four more gas fields
namely Duyong, Jemeh, F-23 and F-8 were developed.
The Duyong and Jemeh gas fields are located ofihore
Peninsular Malaysia while E-1 1, F-23 and F-8 fields are
located offshore Sarawak (Figure 1). The fields are
operated by PETRONAS Carigali Sendirian Berhad
(PCSB), ESSO Production Malaysia Inc. (EPMI) and
Sarawak SHELL Berhad (SSB), all are the PS
Contractors to PETRONAS, the national oil company.
!n Peninsular Malaysia, the first development statied in
1984 when Duyong field was developed by PCSB to
provide the necessaty offshore infrastructure for
A-. -1-.. --..4 UI
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~aa
11-IU= Ultaf IIA G r -1 ##lKlurnl
# 8aray -#a.
Referencesand illustrations
at end of paper

549

W~h the increasing demand for gas prompted by the

onshore pipeline network installation by PETRONAS to
fuel the power and industrial sector, sales from Jemeh,
EPMIs first gas platform, was initiated in 1991. Gas
demand is projected to continue to grow in the near
future. To meet this growth, EPMI will develop another
field, namely Lawit, for production in 1997. In addition,
two gas resenmim in existing producing oil fields were
also developed in 1984. However, their development will
not be discussed here.
In Sarawak, E-11, being the closest to shore, was the
first gas field developed by SSB. Delivery of gas to
shore commenced in 1982: Shortly thereafter, in 1983
the second gas field F-23, came onstream. The thid and
the largest gas field, F-8, started production in 1987.
Produced gas offshore Sarawak is delivered to Lquefied
Natural Gas (LNG) plant and fertilizer plant. A small
portion was used for power generation. Another LNG
project is currently under construction and will
commence operation in 1995. Development of gas fields
dedicated for the second LNG project is currently in
progress.
This paper discusses the major subsurface and surface
engineering considerations for gas fields development in
Malaysia. It will also outline some of the differences in
gas fields development to-date.

GEOLOGY OF PRODUCING FIELDS

In Peninsular Malaysia, hydrocarbon accumulations are
found in the Upper Oliiocene - Upper Miocene
alluvial-coastal plain elastics. Duyong field, the first to
be developed offshore Peninsular Malaysia, is a large

SPE 029318

Gas Fields Development In Malaysia

asymmetrical anticlinal structure elongated in the east

west direction. The main reservoir is interpreted to be a
shorefacsdbarrier bar deposit. Jemehl f~ld is a large
west-notthwest to east-southeast trending anticline. The
gas bearing reservoirs are interpretad to have been
deposited in a lower coastal plain environment and are
mostly tiial with some deltaic deposits.
The characteristic geological features of the Central
Luconia Province offshore Sarawak, which forms the
outer half of the 200- 300 km wide Central Sarawak
swn
c.mhnnatp
huiklyos
Sh5~, ,
-,
,,.- ,reefniri
---------- ~ of the Middle
Miocene age. Stmcturally, the fiekts can be broadly
divided into two types :pinnacle carbonate build-up - steep sided and
conical, developed where higher rates of subsidence
andhx higher c!es?ic ~~pJ! ~~ RQ! ~!!~~ rn~;~~
carbonate buildupsand buildoute.g. El 1.
platform carbonate buiidup - large, high-relief,
steepflanked and flat-topped may cover 100 kmz
areally and 1000 m thick e.g. F23 and F6,
The carbonate sequence comprises mainly limestone
witii minor amounts of doiomite beneath tiie mast.
Stratigraphically, the fields can be groupad as carbonate
build-up encased in shales and siliclastics.

MAJOR
SUBSURFACE
CONSIDERATIONS

ENGINEERING

Drive Mechanism
A key pail in the preparation of a gas development plan
is the determination of the reservoir drive mechanism.
Since the gas reservoirs have associated aquifers, it is
necessaty to evaluate the extent and impact of aquifer
actkity on gas production and recovery. However, the
d.a.dh

n~

+h

an, dfar
aLIml&jLIl WI Llle asr,,.a

e
nnnt
Us,,,,.

ha

Aetnrminarl
., ,,,,..

hef(i~
----

n
-

development commences. Usually, during

pre
development stage, the strength of aquifer is based on
geologist opinion, based on considerations of reservoir
qualiiy and continuity in terms of regional geology. Gas
resemoir producing under the influence of strong water
drivwwill have lower recovery as the gas trapped behind
water front could not be recovered.

gas fields in Malaysia where sufficient production history

are available, the presence of weak aquifer support was
observed.

Well Requirement
The number of wells planned for sandstone reservoirs
offshore Peninsular Malaysia is to provide suffwient
drainage points to deplete the resewoirs, to develop
adequate well capacity to meet base demand and
peaking requirements and flexibility to cover geological
of
uncertainties. in determining the o@numI Mifibei
wells for initial field development, the sand mntinuity is
generally assumed to be good and the drive mechanism
would be pressure depletion or weak to moderate water
drive. If reservoir continuity is poorer or the aquifer
suoom
is stronger than expected, more wells may be
__rr -.. .
required in order to maintain the long term production
profile. In addition, well optimization should also
considered tradeoffs between number of wells, tubing
size, compressiontiming and projected well downtime.
Well spacing is planned to achieve good reserves
drainage and minimize risk of reserve loss associated
with potential reservoir variations. Most of the weiis are
centered at the crest of the reservoirs. For edge gas
wells, they are located away from the gas-water contacts
to delay potentialwater arrival in these wells.
For carbonate reservoim in the Central Luconia,
Sarawak, the number of wells required from each field
was based on meeting the expected demand, taking
into account well deliverabilites to sustain plateau
production for a certain number of years. In order to
allow for any possible disappointing or mechanically
unsuccessfulwells and also to provide some back-up for
wells that will inevitably need to be shut in from time to
time for operational reasons, additional wells were
planned. Most of the wells were located along a circle
(rinn
,. ...= of
-. w~i~) , close
-.- to the crest of the field structure.
A Wllllllary
.,, --*
, -6
VI

dc
I mrhar the
w,.
..-.
.... nmsmt
~. -----development is shown in Table 1 below.

FIELD

The uncertainties in drive mechanism can be studied via

the use of sophistbted reservoir simulation models. For
example, pm-development reservoir simulation studies
were carried out for Jemehf and F-62 fiekts to investigate
the impact of drive mechanism on gas recovefy.
As gas production continues, more historical data were
obtained. These data were analysad and matched to the
reservoir model. By then, the prominent drive
mechanism could be ascetiain. In the present producing

+hfi

n,,

mhnr

nf

LIIG Ilu,,, w-1 t

RESERVOIR
TYPE

PRESENT
NUMBER OF
WELLS

Duyong

Sandstone

13

Jerneh

Sandstone

20

E-11

Carbonate

11

F-23

Carbonata

10

F-6

Carbonate

10

Table 1: Numberof wellsfor developedfields

550

Chen Kah Seong, Darwis Husain and Abdul Hamid Abdul Karim

SPE29318

targeted on the top zone while the second row of six

wells were targeted on the bottom zone.

Well Completion Strategy

The gas fields located offshore Peninsular Malaysia
consist of a series of vwtically stacked sandstones. The
well completion strategy is designed to optimize
hydrocarbon recovery from the field based on available
geological and geophysical interpretatiins, while
recognizing and providing tlexibiliiy for development
uncertainties. Several factors were considered in
determining this strategy, including areal extent and
reservoir
parameters,
reservoir
reserves,
controllmonitoring need, water influx mitigation and
deliverabilityrequirements.
It would be impractical economically, to have separate
completions for each reservoir. For completion
purposes, the sands have to be segregated into various
commingling groups based on resefvoir size, proximity,
pressure communication, reservoir qualiiy and necessity
for reservoir control and monitoring. To provide
operational flexibility, such commingled wells were
equipped with selective completions to allow reservoir
controllwell monitoring and enable shut-off of zones
should aquifer strength be greater than anticipated and
result in water encroachment.
The wells that are located at the crest or near crastal
area of the reservoir and are considerably far from the
gas-water contact were fully petioratad. Wells that are
not located at the crestal area and potentially affected by
wiii~i

~iEiiWWi~ilt

wf$i=

@Wjj

pf%fOiSM

thf$

upper part of the gas column. Where the qualiiy of the

reservoir is poorer, welts were perforated with higher
shot density to minimize drawdown at the perforated
interval. As the gas volume are distributed over stacks of
rasetvoir, initial development cells for complethig the
wells in major reservoirs onty. The minor rasefvoirs will
be completed at a later stage through recompletion of
existing wells.
A.

-+s.t-mmmA

+ha

Uvnzlldwm?u, UIG

=~~r!st+ariqifi

nankvsimai

m-W,w, Ii? , ~v,q,-,

fmatnlrn@ nf
*U.,
,

the Central Luconia gas fieids are carbonate reefoid

buildups. Wfihin the carbonate buildup, the presence of
continuous tiiht
streak layers may divide the gas
accumul~lon into separate resewoir systems which will
not be in effective pressure communication during the
penbd of fietd production. When there is communication
between individual layers of a field, single compltilon
strategy will apply. However, if there were different
pressure zones which limited communication, the
completion strategy wiii be different. Tine uniformity in
the depletion at the same time provide adequate
production capacity were taken into account. For an
example, in F62, it was noted that the bottom zone has
low porosity compared to the top zone. The presence of
a tight !ayer fwlher divided the zones into dlffemnt
pressure regimes. As a result, two rows of completion
were applied. One row consists of four wells were

Generally, wells were pwforated at 100 tt. intetvals with

the bottom perforations located about 1/3 above the
gas-water contact in otder to avoid premature water
---,
coning.

Well Deliverability
The stabilized flow deliverability of a gas well is essential
for planning the operation of any gas field. The flow
for different back
capacity must be determined
pressures at any time in the life of the reservoir and the
change of flow capacity with average rasefvoir pressure
change must be considered.
The most common method used for determining gas well
delivarabiiiiy is the multiipoint testing, in which a well is
produced at several differant rates. Measured flow rates
and well pressures were used to formulate inflow
performance equation. There are basically two types of
tests which can be conducted, namely flow after flow
.. .
and isochronal tests. 130tntype of tests were fraquentiy
used for gas discovedes in Malaysia, depending on the
test objectives.
Once a well has been tested and the delivarabliiy or
inflow performance equation established, it is sometimes
desirable to be able to predict how changes in caftain
Thaco
& ~he
parameters w!!! #fan,
,,1 infi~~ nnrfnnnanem
r-~u-mmmu-u--.
I II--V
changes may be the result of resewoir depletion or time,
or may resutt from well workovers. The key values
required for an accurate rate praditilon are gas
permeability, net gas thickness, rate independent skin
factor and turbulence factor. Other factors tike resenmir
temperature, gas viscosity, comprassibiliiy factor,
drainage radius and wellbore radius are considered to
remain constant. As a result, the well detiverabiliiy could
be o~lmized.
For the sandstone resewoim offshore Peninsular
Malaysia, some of the welts were completed as single
producer while some were completed as dual producer.
Single well completion used 5.5 tubing size while dual
complatiin used 3.5 tubing size. For the carbonate
resefvoits, all wells were completed as single zone
producers with 7 tubing size.
The range of well deliverability for the producing fields
Q= shown in Tab!e ~.

551

SPE29318

Gas Fields Development In Malaysia

FIELD

RESERVOIR TW3tNG
SIZE (IN)
TYPE

~~[!.

iNiiiAL WZLL
DEUVERABILITITES
(MMSCF/D)

Duyong

Sandstone

10-40

Jerneh

Sandstone

3.5
5.5

10-20
50

F-23

EF-6
Table 2: Initialwelldeliierebilitesfor davelopedfields

Recovery Factor
The recowxy factors for the gas fields were derived
according to the appropriate resetvoir drive mechanism
using simulation model or matetiel balance study based
on certain abandonment conditions. The abandonment
condh~ofi~dfie~ be~ie~fi fie~~ afid aiu
.-a I-..4
mm+ha
uaaw wmt
tl9compression suction pressure design. For the carbonate
gas reservoim, reservoir compaction also contributedto
additional gas recovery. The recovery due to reservoir
compaction in the cedxmate fields is estimated to be
about 2%. The range of recovery factors for the
developed fields are shown in Table 3.
RESERVOIR ABANDONMENT

CS@ed

Out aS

and

when necassa~ based on the delivarabliiy test to check

any drastic dectine in resenmir/well productivity. Static
Bottom Hole Pressure sutvay (SBHP) is carried out to
assess the reservoir pressure depletion and areal
pressure distribution. As the reservoir matures, the
pressure measurements are carried only in selected
wells. The selected wells, can be refereed to as key
welts, usually represent certain percentage of the total
wells.

E-11

FIELD

Thn
c,,hcammot
SIIWCWS
are
, ,, y
----- . ---,

AVERAGE

In raservoim where the production from several

sandstone resenmirs is combined or commingled in the
wellbore, it is helptid to periodically run flowmeter
surveys to establish flow profiles over the total
completion internal. This determines the distribtilon of
flow out of or into dfierent zones. The sumy results are
crucial for resenmir performance monitoring and
predictionby simulation model.
!nn]a! pressure test SUIVSy with shut-in and buitdup
testing of each producer should be conducted to define
inflow deliirebiliiy parameters following completion. It is
important to measure the initialdeliverabilitiis as this will
have an impact on the subsequent well offtake capacity.
The d~ribution of well deliverebitiies will also influence
the field offtake capacity. Subsequent well deliirebility
test coukt be conducted at surfaceas this will not dsrupt
production and supply of gas to customers. Well
deliverebtiiy and rate performance analysis woutd enable
rapid identiti~ton of any well productivitydeterioration.

lLzrEEs
Jemeh

I Sandstone I

250

80%

Another important rasetvoir surveillance activity involves

monitoring of fluid contact movement. In F-23 field for
example, an observation well was drilled vertically from
ihe oenter of the platform down to the some 150 tt. of
SC@kW

I F-6

Carbonate I

800

68%

Tabie 3: Producing fieias recovery factor

Resewoir Suwelllance
The efficiency of a gas well or field operation requires
constant monitoring of the total field and individual well
performance in order to detect problems which may
seriously reduce gas recovery or producing capacity.
Main parameters to be monitored include pressure, flow
rate, cumulative productionand water produdton.
Periodic measurement of bottom hole pressure is
considered essential to properiy analyze the reservoir
performance. Pressure Build Up (PBU) survey is carried
out to obtain reservoir pressure and other necessa~
resenmir paremetem such as penneabifii, skin factor
and resewoir boundary for each reservoir. Initial PBU
survey is usually carried out for every newly completed

SeCtkXL

Gas

wet~i

COfikiCt

@AC]

V4SS

periodically monitored by neutron log. The rise in the

GWC was determined by comparing the cument GWC
log with the base log. A plot of GWC rise with respect to
nn-ult @inn
was
aenerstede
fime ~n~lcr eumu~?ive fine
~..
p..-..
. .. . . ..________
Due to thin and consotiiated nature of the sandstones,
reservoir compaction was not envisaged. However, the
thick and porous formation encountered in the
carbonates justii
close monitoring of the resenmir
compaction. Radioactive tags were located at every 35
ft. intend of the porous zone of the obsenmtion well to
monitor the rate of reservoir compatilon. Formation
Subsidence Monitoring Tool (FSMT) logging nms made
at regular intetvals gave direct measurement of
compaction at the specitlc pressure depletion at a time.
A plot of compaction with respect to pressure decline
WSS produced.
For resenmir performance monitoring, the most
commonly used reservoir surveillance plot is the
pressure-cumulative production plot. By ptottingthe total
field or resemoir gas remvered vetsus P/Z on various

552

SPE 29318

Chen Kah Seong, Danvis Husain and Abdul Hamid Abdul Karim

scales, production problems such as abnormal pressure,

water influx, leakage or loss of gas, or bad data can be
detected. Once sufficient h~oty has been obtained
under reasonably stabilized operating conditions, it is
possible to extrapolate the hWoncal plot to the
--anticipated abandonment preeeum and tiius anWe at =fi
estimate of ultimate resenms. Unfortunately, several
factors will affect the valiiiy
of this method of
estimation. If a full or partial water dtlve is present, the
rate of pressure decline will be less than what would
have been obsemed had the resenmir been on a stmight
pressure depitilon. Such a decline would be erroneously
---interpreted as an indication of a much iarger reseiVOiT
than actualty exists. The obsetved performance must
thus be closely tied to the known geological contigumtion
of the resenmir so that the reasons for the patlicular
performance observed can be propedy defined. Further
evaluation to detect the presence and degree of the
water influx can be carried out using t-laviena-0deh3
diagno~ic plot.
In addition, vatious typas of productii problems can be
detected by monitoringthe petformanca of a gas well by
ptotting production mtes of gas, condensate and water
versus time.

MAJOR
SURFACE
CONSIDERAllONS

ENGINEERING

To pmvlde for the dehydmtion of the gas and Iiiuid

streams to etiminate the need for special tmnsport
pipeline matefiats which woutd otherwise be
necessary due to the presence of COZ in the gas
stream.
To provide accumte metering facilities for the
measurement of gas, condensate and water volumes
for reconciliationpupses.
To mwide accommodation and Iiie SUPPOII for
open&ions and maintenance personnet
-

Platform Configuration And Sequence

The initial development for E-1 1 (FQure 2) and Duyong
(Figwe 3) fields was based on conventional small
multiiplatforms (four-platform production complex
arrangement consist of drilling, production, king
quartem and vent ptatforrns), fixed stmcture complexes,
dedicated gas inlet, slugcatcher and condensate
stabilisatiin faciliii (appliible only for development in
Centml Luconia). At E-11, being the focal complex for
Centml Luconia, there is an additional pipeline riser
ptatform. Provision is made at both fields for installation
of a sepamte compression ptatform at a later stage in its
producing Iiie.
A- .L-1..---.1
11!8 u=[[~llu

..- ~44=
..-- lkCX4=&t,
Z ~m~~

Iul

4hn
LIIU

i. fm+%mkra.
.-,
11111
--

expanded to include other sources of gas. In

Peninsular Malaysia, associated gas gathering scheme
was implemented. The system was connected to the
nac fdd was bfQ@?? O!?S!RXWl
~Jy~ng ~=~ w-.
r4M .Iqnnh
- ,,.. u - --------were

Offshore Facilities
The gas development in Malaysia is carried out after
some form of commitment to supply gas for a certain
period of time is made with gas customers e.g. LNG
plants or gas processing plants. A strategic ptan for the
exectilon of the project will be developed to ensure that
the committed demand are met. The development plan
is usually integrated with downstream facilities.
A processing and tmnsmission system will be installed to
meet the detivwy quantiiy and specifkation. The
facilities will be designed to meet certain availability and
reliabilityto ensure security of suppty.
As seveml operatom are invotved in the development,
sevaml
development
concepts
and
opemting
philosophies were adopted. The experience gained in
the past project provide useful tesson for the future
projects.
Based on the development to date, it can be
sumrnmized that offshore facitiiies shoukt fulfill the
followingfunctions:

in 1991 to meet the increasing gas demand. Unlike the

cartier developments (E-1 1, Duyong, F-23 and F-6),
EPMI employed the three-platform production complex
arrangement for the development of Jemeh field. The
production and living quartets were integmted into a
single platform (Figure 4). Another gas inletklugcatcher
was Malted as the Duyong slugcatcher does not have
sufficient capacity. In Samwak, development of F-23 and
F-6 fields (Fiiure 2) also utiliied the four-ptatfonn
production complex arrangement, simitar to the E-11
field. The concept was adopted at that time as it was fett
that such arrangement coukt provide maximum flexibility
and safety of operation at an acceptable level of
incremental cost over integmted platforms. After F-23
and F-6 fietds were put on produtilon, a second trunkline
was installed in 1990 to improve the raliibitiiy and
sewrity of gas suppty.
In Samwak, a major development involving 11 gas fields
was under&akento supply gas to the three additional
LNG tmins in 1995. The development will consist of two
standalone complexes and a riser platform which will be
instalted near the existing E-11 comptexes. A dedicated
-..
:..14 alu~!#aLw
.1.....nn4Aa.
Stetipsetion
IIIISL,
~ua
Ivl ~p~ @*~fi~*e

To provide a platform from whti wells can be drilled

and wellheads can be supported.

facilities will be constructed. The new developments

553

Gas PieIds Development In Malaysia

could not utilise existing E-1 1 riser for tie-in and

subsequent utilisation of existing trunkline owing to
limited slots and the nature of the gas which is sour.
Unlike the E-1 1, F-23 and F-6 developments where
four-platform production arrangement concept were
adopted, development of the gas fields will see
integration of some of the facilities to minimise the cost
of development. Similarly, Lawit gas development is
being implemented in Peninsular Malaysia to cater the
increase in gas demand. New integrated pletfonm and
another trunkline to shore will be installed in 1998 for
statt-up in 1997.

In formulating the overall concept on the recent

development, future requirements were also taken into
consideration where future tie-ins and operational
flexibiiiiy protilons have been incotporeted in the
design. Thus, for Mure developments, the cluster
concept approach will be adopted to formulate the
ultimate system configuration where the utWation of
available infra-structure is maximized. For example, in
the development of Lawit field, provMons were made to
cater for future tie-in from nearby fields.

Process And Compression Requirements

Each development was o~tmised to meet process
requirements and gas supply obliitilons. The gas from
the wellhead will require condensate separation,
dehydration and compression prior to transmission to
futther processing plants onshore. The condensate will
be either reinfected into the gas pipeline (E-11, F-23, F-6
and Duyong fields) or pumped into dedicated trunkline
(Jemeh field) for transmission to shore. The present
tiweiqxnerit
facilities are
dasigmxt ptilmati!y tc
safeguard against corrosion and erosion. The main
hazard for the trunktine is sweet corrosion caused by the
carbon dioxide present in the gas. The design capacNes
for the producing fields are as follows.
In Peninsular Malaysia gas development, compression
facilities are required at earty stage of production. The
compression faciliies were designed for certain
availability where sufficient redundancy in equipment
incorporated. In formulating the
were
overall
compression requirements, the following are considered
Horse power requirements.

SPE 29318

CONCLUSIONS
1. In sandstone reservoim off%horePeninsular Malaysia,
well spacing is planned to achieve good reserves
drainage and minimize risk of reserve loss associated
with potential resetvoir variations. This resulted in
more wells drilled in sandstone resewoirs. On the
other hand, well spacing is not ctiicel in carbonate
--,-;=
--A M =* nf
rfbzl Wull= allu 881O*.
, ihn
.,, wdlc
...- warm
..,.. Iomtd
. ----- alma
-.-..= acircle (ring of wells) close to the crest of the field
structure.
2. The gas fields located offshore Peninsular Malaysia
consist of a series of vertically stacked sandstones. It
would be impractical to have separate completions for
each reservoir. For completion purposes, the sands
have to be segregated into various commingling
groups. On the other hand, the carbonate reservoirs
are of reefoid buildups. The wells are completed over
the gas bearing zones, with the bottom perforations
located about one third above the gas-water contact.
3. For the sandstone reservoirs, some of the wells were
completed es single producer while some were
completed as dual producer. Single well completion
used 5.5 tubing size while dual compl~lon used 3.5
tubing size. For the carbonate resewoim, all wells
were completed as single zone producers with 7
tubing size.
4. In carbonate reservoirs, it was observed that resetvoir
compaction also contributeto recovery factor.
5. EPMI operated platform is based on integrated
concept whereas PCSB/SSB operated platforms are
based on platform complexes concept. However, in
--- W
acI~u=
-m- 4%-1A
thrnn
I NC
~~~; ml
the deveioplmu~it
IJ=IUSc-JUIawwl~~oi
Dalt!,,-~,.plants, SSB integrated some of faciliies to minimize
the structure for cost saving in deeper water
development.
6. EPMI operates with dedicated gas and condensate
pipeline while PCSB/SSB operate multiphase pipeline
for transport of gas and condensate to shore.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors wish to thank the management of Petroliam
Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS) for the permission to
publiih ths paper.

Sparing philosophy.
Future flexbiliiy.
Sharing of facilities.
Standardization.

REFERENCES
1.R. Thambydurai, A.F. Mustapha, K.H. Mueller and
M.R. D~on, : Jemeh Gas Field Development
Planning, paper OSEA 88199 presented at the 7th
Offsho& SOuth East Asia Confe&me, Singapore, 2-5
February 1988.

554

SPE29318

Chen Kah Seong, Danwis Husain and Abdul Hamid AbduIKarim

2. P.Y. Wee and S.L. Liew, : Development Planning Of

The F6 Gas Field In Central Luconia, Offshore
Sarewak, Malaysia, paper OSEA 88198 presented at
7th Offshore South East Asia Conference, Singapore,
2-5 Febmaty 1988.
3. Gaffney, Cllne and Associated, : An Independent
Audit Of Non-Associated Gas Reserves, Offshore
report published for PETRONAS,
Sarawak,
PETRONAS Carigali and Sarawak Shell, January
1993.
4. Oil & Gas Consultants International, Inc. and Dr. H.
Dale Beggs, : Gas Produ&lon Operations, 1981.
5. F-6 Development Plan, Unpubliihad SSB report 1966.
6. Duyong
Revisit
1 Field
Development
Unpublished PCSB report 1994.

Plan,

555

MA I AVCIA

~Rnnl ICING GAS FIELDS LOCATION

sOUTH

/.

THAIIAND

CHINA

>/.

SEA

._

/--,

L
\

t
\\

SUMTERA

LEGEND
KALIMANTAN

\
FIGURE 1:

------ .-- .-.-.,

FIELDS

LUGA

PRoDUCINGGAS FIELD

I IUN

El 1
\

/
/
.
FIGURE 2: CENTRAL LUCONIA FIELDS IAYOUT

556

\\

FIGURE 3: DUYONG FIELD LAYOUT E

*
MC

Ulllm

GEN. Ismml

I
i

WIInME)

...
.... _

7
m
.

I.-l

FIGURE 4: JERNEH COMPLEX LAYOUT

557

.
I