:

. .

. .

:
:

1-1:

1-1-1
1-1-1-1

2-1-1-1
3-1-1-1
4-1-1-1
5-1-1-1

6-1-1-1
7-1-1-1
2-1-1
1-2-1-1
2-2-1-1

3-2-1-1

4-2-1-1
5-2-1-1
:

2-1:

_1_2_1
1_1_2_1
2_1_2_1
3_1_2_1
4-1-2-1
5-1-2-1

 6-1-2-1
7-1-2-1
8-1-2-1

2_2_1
1_2_2_1
2_2_2_1
3_2_2_1
4_2_2_1
:

3-1

1_3_1
1-1_3_1
2-1_3_1
3-1_3_1

4-1-3-1
2-3-1
1_2_3_1

2_2_3_1
3_2_3_1
1-3-2-3-1
.1
.2

.3
.4
.5
.6

2-3-2-3-1

:
:

1-2:

1-1-2
2-1-2
3-1-2

 4-1-2
5-1-2

1-5-1-2
6-1-2
1-6-1-2
:

2-2:

1-2-2

1-1-2-2
2-1-2-2
2-2-2
1-2-2-2
2-2-2-2
3-2-2-2

4-2-2-2
3-2-2
1-3-2-2
2-3-2-2

3-3-2-2
4-3-2-2
5-3-2-2
6-3-2-2
4-2-2
1-4-2-2
2-4-2-2
:

3-2:

1-3-2
1-1-3-2

2-1-3-2
3-1-3-2
2-3-2

4-3-2
1-4-3-2
2-4-3-2
3-4-3-2
5-3-2

 :
:

1-3:

_1_1_3

_2_1_3()
:

2-3:

_1_2_3
_2_2_3
_3_2_3
:

3-3:

_1_3_3()
_2_3_3

_3_3_3 ( )
_4_3_3
_5_3_3

_6_3_3
_7_3_3

.



.
.

.
:

:
-1

.
-2

-3

-4

:

-

.
:

).

: :

.
:

) .

:
:

.
:

.
:

:
:

.
:

( ) ( )
()

-



.
-- :

.

. :
-

.



).(

)(-
TP()PT

TUwww.nic.gov.ye.comTU

)(- )(Google

- :


- .() -
- :
-


.
- :



.
TP()PT : ) . (
.

- :

-



).(

) (-

--- :
) ( :
"" " " " "


" " " "

) ( .

. )(
"
"

-
) (
) .( :
.
.

).(

) (- )(Lewcock,1982

) ( : ) ( .
.
) ( :
.
) ( : .-
) ( .

--- :







%-
).(
--- :



-


-
).(

) (- )(Google
) ( : ......
) ( :
.

-- :

: -
-
" " " "
"" "" " " " "
"" "" "" "".


.
--- :
" " " "
) (
"" ""
) .(
" "
""
) ( " : "

)(

" :
".

)Lewcock, Ronald: Wadi Hadramawt and the walled city of Shibam, UNESCO, UK, 1986, p.21. (
) ( : -
.
) ( : -
.
) (
..

).(



" "

) (
" "
).(
--- :


-
-

""
" "
" " ""
" " "
" )(

-
-

) (
) ( : ) (
.
) ( :
.
)www.elaph.com (

).(
--- :
" "
""
" "
" " " "


).(


""

) (

) (

) (
).(

) (
.
) ( .
) ( :
.-
) ( : -
.
) ( .
) ( : ..... .
) ( .
) ( : ..... .

-
"" " " - .
.
-



).(
--- :

"") (

)(
" "

- -
" "
).(


) (
.
) (

) ( .
) ( .
) ( :
.-
) ( .-
) ( .

) (-

--- :

- -
) (

) (

) ( .
) ( :
.

)
().(

" :
") .(
.
: " " .
" " . "
" . "
" . "
" . " " . "
") ( "
" " "
"" ).(

) (-
) ( .
) ( .
) ( .-
) ( : ..... .

-


.
-- :
:
) (
.

""

.



).(


"
"
" "
" ") (

.

) ( ..
) ( .-
) ( : .

--- :
Impression
Type
) (

) (
).(


.
--- :
-
- - -
:

.

.

) .(


.

)Vidler, Anthony: The idea of type, the transformation of the Academic Ideal (1750-1830), A.D., (
London, p.95.
)Argan, Giullio C.: On the typology of architecture, A.D. December academy editions, London, (
1963, p95.
) ( .
) ( .

--- :


Archetypes

) (
.
) (




.

).(

) (-

) ( .
) ( .
) ( . :
.

--- :


.

)(


) ( ).(-




.

.
--- :



) (-

.



).(
) ( .
) (

) (- )(

--- :



"" " "

) (
) (

" " " " " "

)(
)(

.-
.

"" " " "" " "

).(

) Coussonnet,

) (-

--- :




.
"

") (

)
) ( .
) ( .-

( ) () (

.

) (-

-- :



Visualization
) (

.
- - :
).(

) ( .
)Schulz,C. Norberg: Genius Loci, Rizzoli, New York, 1980, p.17 (
) ( .

) (- ) (

--- :


- -

.
--- :


)(



.

) (-

--- :




.

) (-

) (-

--- :



-
- .








.

) (-

-

) (
) (

.
-- :



.

).(



- -

).(



) (.

" ":

) ( : .
) ( : .... .-

--- :


) (

).(
):(


-










.

) (- ) (

) ( .
) ( .
) ( .-

--- :
" "


).(




-
-


) (

.

) (- )(

)Doe. Brian: Southern Arabia, themes and Hudson, Switzerland 1971, p240-241. (
) ( : .... .-

--- :
"" "" " "
"" ""
" "

) (
.

"" ) (


).(





) (
.

) (-

) ( .
) ( : .-
) ( .
) ( : :
.

) (- )( )(

) (- )(

--- :



"
"

)(

).(-



""


.





.

) (- )(
) ( : .... .-

-- :



.


" "
" " " "


" " .
--- :
) (


" ")(

).(-

- -

.

"" ) (

) ( :

)www.tareem.p12.com (
) ( .

.
).(

) (
- -

-
-



.



).(



) .(



)Cultural Heritage (protection) project The world heritage city of Shibam Wadi Hadhramawt, 1999, (
p.42.
) ( .
)Damlaji, Salma S.: The valley of mud brick architecture, Shibam, Tarim & Wadi Hadhramawt, Garnet (
publishing limited, Reading, UK, 1992, p232.
) ( .

) (-

)-(-

)-(-

--- :

" "


) (
"" ).(
"
" " "
)www.yemenitta.com (

) ( ).(

) (
).(

) (






.

)www.nic.gov.ye (
) ( Cultural Heritage., p41.
)Feiner, Jacques: Shibam, A city and its Site. (MHUP) & GOPHCY, Yemen, 1995, p.25. (

) (-

--- :



) (
.
-
- .


.
) (
" "

.
""
"" " "
) (

) .(

) ( ).(

) ( www.minshawi.com.outsite600 :
) ( Feiner, Jacques, p.42.
) ( .
) ( Lewcock, Ronald: Wadi ., p.74.

) (-

--- :


.
:
:
.
:
.
: ) (
) ( :
- :

- ) (

) ( : ) (
.

) (
" "
) (

.
-
- ) (

" "
.
- :
" "

" " "
" " " " "
"" " " " "

) .(




.

) ( Cultural Heritage , Annex B p.17.

) ( : .... .
) ( Cultural Heritage , Annex B p.4-6.
) ( .... .

) (-

- :

.
) (

" "
).(

) ( .... .

)(

) (-

- :

. ) (
) (


""
.

) (- )(
) ( :
.

- :


) (

" "GTZ .
- : "
" ) (
) (GOPHCY
) .( .



) (
-
-) (
- -
-
).(

) ( : .... .
) ( Feiner, Jacques, p.53.
) ( : (GTZ) .
) ( Lewcock, Ronald: Wadi ., p.71.
) ( .
) ( Feiner, Jacques, p.50.

).(

) (-

--- :
:
-
-
-



.
-

:
.
""
-
- " "

"" -
-

)Lewcock, Ronald.& others: Conservation, Restoration and Documentation of Historical and (

Archeological Monuments and site, Report UNESCO, Paris, 1980,p.38.

" "
" "


.

) (-

:

.
" "
" " " "

" " " "
""
" " -
.-
" "
"" .
" "

. " "
""

.



" "

.

) (-

) (-

- :
- -
" "

" " " "
" "
" "
.

) (- )(

- :







.




.
-
.
-

.



.
.
.




.

- :



.
--:

.
) (

" "

).(

-



.





.

)Schulz, C. Norberg: Existence, Space & Architecture, Cox & W, Yman Ltd., London, 1972, p.17. (

)Schulz, C. Norberg: Existence, Space .,p.39. (

) (-

) (

- -
) (


. his place
).(

) (


- -
.

)Schulz, C. Norberg: Existence, Space ...,p28. (

)Schulz, C. Norberg: Existence, Space ...,p17. (

) (-

--:





.

- ) (




"" " "

) (
) (

).(
--- :
" "
""

) (


)Feiner, Jacques: Shibam, A city and its Site. (MHUP)& GOPHCY, Yemen, 1995,p.16. (
) ( :
.
) ( .Feiner, Jacques: Shibam ..p,42
)Damlaji,Salma S.: The Valley of Mud Brick Architecture, shibam, Tarim & wadi Hadramut, Garnet (
publishing limited, Reading, UK, 1992,p.74.
)Shibam flood protection R.Y phase feasibility study, main Report, Yemen, 1992,p.11. (

) (

) (
).(

) (- )(Cultural Heritage1999

) ( .Shibam flood protection R.Y, .. p.10

) ( Damlaji,Salma S.: The Valley, ..,p.122
)Faya, Muhamad, I: Aproposed Urban Couservation Model for Cultural Heritage City, Walled City (
of Shibam Hadramaut R.Y, Master Thesis, Dawwod College of Engineering and Technology,
Karachi, bakestan, 1998,p.44

) (- )(Cultural Heritage1999

) (- )(www.alshibami

--- :


.

.

Aqua phobia
" "
Fing shui

" "
) .(


) .(
) (
).(





.

)www.drfeder.coc, Kac Young: The Element of Water. (

) ( :
.
) ( :

.
) ( .

) (- )(

--- :


.
:
-



.
-

.
-

) ( - )(


)Sogreah: Emergency Programme following floods in Democratic Yemen , consultant Report, On (
the SOGREAH Mission nov- Dec. 1982 ,volum II , ICOMOS, Paris 1982,p.6.
) ( :
.

.


.

) (-

-- :
%
% ) (
.




).(



) (



.

) (-

) ( :
.
) ( . .
) ( . Feiner, Jacques, .., p.47

-- :


)( .




) (




.

) (- ) (
) ( :
.-

--- :







).(


.

:
- .
- .
-
:
.



""


.


) ( Damlaji,Salma S.: The Valley, ..,p.72.

) (

) .(


.

) (-

) ( Damlaji,Salma S.: The Valley, ..,p.74

) ( Damlaji,Salma S.: The Valley, ..,p.188

--- :
" "
) (

-
- ) (



).(
" "

).(




.

) ( Feiner, Jacques, .., p.33

)Elgel, Ursula & Eckert, Hadi: Shibam, Rehabilitation and development in Wadi Hadramaut (
R.Y,(GTZ)Yemen, 1998,p13.
) ( Feiner, Jacques, .., p.22-23
) ( Feiner, Jacques, .., p.23

) (- )(

-- :



.


% ) .(


.

) ( .

--- :

"" : " "

:
)(
).(
"" %
) (
""
.

% +

% +

) (- )(

) (-

) ( .

--- ))((:

" "


)( ).(
---:

:
: ).(
--- )(:
)(
)
( ) (
) (
) (
.

) (

: ) ( .
.
) ( :
.
) ( .
) ( :
.

) (- )(

)/(
) (

/ /+

// +

) (- )(

---:
- -
: :

)(

.
-- :

- -

) ( : .

).(


.

) (

)(%

=-

) (-

--- :





) .(

.

) ( :
.
) ( : .

) (-

.
/ ).(



""

.

) ( : .........

) (-

- :



: .
-- :

" "
) (


" " -
()-



.

).(


) (

)Rapoport, Amos: House Form and Culture, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., London, (
1969, p.42-45
) ( : .
)( .

.
--- :









).(



) (
.

) (-

) ( .

) (-

-- :




.
---:




/ ).(

) ( Feiner, Jacques, .., p.18

) (

).(

)(-

" "



) ( ""
) (

).(

) ( Feiner, Jacques, .., p.34

) ( Feiner, Jacques, .., p.21
) ( Sogreah: Emergency........,p.6.
)Lewcock, Ronald: Wadi Hadramaut and the walled city of shibam ,UNESCO, UK, 1986 p74(
) ( .

) (

) (- ) (

--- :





. " "



).(



.



) ( Lewcock, Ronald: Wadi .........,p37

.
--- :



)(

) (
) (

).(



) (


) (
):(

) (
)( : .
) ( : .
) ( Lewcock, Ronald: Wadi.........,p37
) ( : ) (
.
) ( Damlaji,Salma S.: The Valley, ..,p.70-72

- .
-) ( ) -( - .
-)( .
- " .
- .



.




).(




) () (

).(




) ( : .
) ( : .
) (
Damlaji,Salma S.:, The Valley
...,p.118
) ( Damlaji,Salma S.: The Valley, ..,p.70

) (-

--- :





.

) (-

" "



) .(


""

.




) (


.

) (-
) (
)( : .... ..
) ( - Echert, AL-Hadi & A.AL-Magrami:
Cultural Heritag protection project The Social Assessment Report for The Historic cities of old sanaa,
shibam Hadramaut and Zabid Yemen,1999,p34

--- :



) (

""
).(







.






).(
- -

) ( .... .
) ( : .
) ( Elgel, Ursula & Eckert, Hadi: Shibam........,p24

) (
).(





.

) (-

--- :


" "



) .(



) ( .
) ( ) ( ) ( :
... .

" "
.




.
) (


) (


) .(

""


.

) (
.
) ( .
) ( .

) (-

-- :

.
)(


.

).(







) ( : .........

)Jerorne, Pamela- Chiari, Giacomo & athors: The Architecture of Mud construction, (
and Repair Technology in the Hadhramaut Region of Yemen, A.P.T. USA. 1999,p45.

) (

) .(





.
--- :
) (
)( ):(
-:


) (
) ( -

)Al- Sbahi, Aref: Local Building Trades in Shibam Hadramut, (GAVTT) (GTZ), Yemen, 1997,p.19. (
)( Lewcock, Ronald: Wadi,p96-100.

- ) (
.
-:
)(
" "

) (
) (
" " " "
" " ).(



-




):(
.

.

.
) (
Lewcock, Ronald , Heyman, J.: Shibam and wadi Hadramaut, Reports No3 Prapared for
.Governiment of (PDRY)by(UNESCO) Paris, 1982,p.38.
) (
.
) ( : .
) ( : .

) (-

-:
" "

- - " "
" " " "
" "

" "
.

) (-

.)( :
" "
""
) ( " "
) (-

""
" " -
.
" "



.

) (- )(

--- :

).(
):(
- .
- .
- .
-
.
- .

:

) (- (Echert, AL-Hadi)

- - ).(



)(
Lewcock, Ronlad.: Shibam and Wadi Hadramaut, Report No:1-8 Prepared for
Government "PDRY" of by (UNESCO) paris, 1982.
) ( .
)Echert, AL-Hadi: Field Mission, Report to UNESCO, 1993,p6-8. (

- ()-


" ()"GTZ



.

) (-

) ( .
) (
.

- :



.
-- :


) (

" "
).(




) (

.

) (-

) ( .
) ( .

---:


) (

" "

) .(

.


/ ) (
) (
)(
.



) (

.

) ( :
.
) ( .-
) (
) ( .
) ( Feiner, Jacques, .., p.76

) (-

--- :



) (


) (

) (

).(-

) (-

) ( Echert, AL-Hadi & A.AL-Magrami: Cultural.........

) ( .
) ( Elgel, Ursula & Eckert, Hadi: Shibam........,p17

---:



):(
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .


- -
.

) (- )(

) (

--- :







.




) (
.





.


.

- -

)Meulen, D.van & athers: Hadramaut some of its Mysteries unveiled, leyden E.J. Brill. LTd (
Netherland, 1964,p117.

.
-- :
-
) (


.


) (
.





) (

.

) ( : .
) ( .
) ( :

--- :










.
.
-
-
.

-
-

.


.
--- :

.




" "

.




.









.
--- :

) ( ) (




) (




.
//

) (
.



) (

.

) ( .
) (
.
) ( Damlaji,Salma S.: The Valley, ..,p.190
) ( .

---:
) ( -

)( "
"
) (




) (
.



).(

) ( Lewcock, Ronald: Wadi......... p35-36

) ( : .
) ( .

- :











.





)


(


.




.

-







.
-- :




Fernando Varand Art of
Building in Yemen

: - - .


.

- - - -.

Fernando

) (-

) (

) (...

)
-
(-

)
(

) (- )(

-- :


Maslow
) (- ) (


Maslow

.

) (- " "Maslow

-- :




) (-
.

) (- )(

--- :



)(-
) (--
) (--
) (-- )-- (
) (--
) (-- )(--

) (--
) (--
" "
)-- (
.

) (- )(

--- :


)-- (
) (--



) (--



) (--

) (--
.

)(

) (- )(

--- :


" "
) (--
) (--


).(--

) (- )(

-- :






) (
) (GTZ
-
-
-
) (- .

) (- )(

--- :

- - -

" "B20



""
.

-
) (-




.

).(-

) (- )(

200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

B4

05
D2
6
D1
4
C3
7
D5
7
D6
7
C6
3
B7
B3
2
C5
7
A9
7
B6
1
B5
6
B1
9

A1

)(

)(

25
20
15
10
5
0

9
B4

B1

B3
2
C
57
A9
7
B6
1
B5
6

05
D
26
D
14
C
37
D
57
D
67
C
63
B7

A1

)(

200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
B1

B5

B6

B4

A9

C5

2
B3

C6

D6

D5

C3

3
B7

D1

D2

05

) (- ) (
)(

A1

)(

4
4
5
4
4
5
5
4
3
4
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

)(
)(
A105
30
12.5
D10
33
15
D26 36.5 16.5
A11
50
13
D14
53
13.5
C76
54
18
C37
56
16.5
A3
61
13
D57
70
12
D13
73
15
D67
77
19
C86
80
17
C63
85
18
D59
89
15
B7
95
16.5
A74
100
14.5
B32
110
18
A35
112
19
C57
114
16.5
C20
124
18
A97
125
19
B6
130
17.5
B61
131
18.5
A92
140
19.5
B56
145
19
B17
149
20
B19
160
19
C21
162
17.5
B4
180
21
B20
340
19

) (-
)( )(

-- :


- -
- -
.

) (- )(

--- :
Jacques Feiner
- -
- :

-
-
-
m

) (- ) (

-
- - -
- -
- - -
- -.



.

-
-

-
-

-
-

-
-

) (- )(

-
-
-
-

--- :


%
.
) (
%

.
%
.

1000
800

)(

)(

)(

12.5

360

30

A105

15

490

33

D10

16.5

500

36.5

D26

600
400
200
0
A3

D57 C37 C76

A105 D10 D26 A11 D14

)(

)(

1000
800
600
400
200
0

13

650

50

A11

13.5

700

53

D14

13

800

61

A3

12

800

70

D57

16.5

900

56

C37

18

900

54

C76

1 1 A 5 3 7
0 1 2

(D-C) C
D
D D A
A1
)(
) (

) (-
)(

49.27778 677.78 14.444 4.2222

) (- )(

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
D13 C86 D59 A74 B7 D67 B32 C57 C63

)(

)(

2000
1500

)(

)(

)(

15

1000

73

D13

17

1300

80

C86

15

1300

89

D59

14.5

1400

100

A74

16.5

1400

95

B7

19

1400

77

D67

18

1700

110

B32

16.5

1800

114

C57

1000

500

18

1900

85

C63

0
C57

C63

D67

B32

B7

A74

D59

)(

)(

C86

D13

91.444 1466.7 16.611 4.7778

) (-
)(

) (- )(

4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
B2

B4

9
B1

7
B1

21

6
B5

)(

1
2
B6 A9

B6 A97

20

5
A3

)(

4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
B20

B4

A97 B61 A92 B56 C21 B17 B19

)(

B6

)(

)(

)(

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5

19
18
17.5
19
18.5
19.5
19
17.5
20
19
21
19

2000
2000
2200
2300
2400
2700
2700
2800
2900
3200
3700
4000

112
124
130
125
131
140
145
162
149
160
180
340

A35
C20
B6
A97
B61
A92
B56
C21
B17
B19
B4
B20

A35 C20

)(

) (-
)(

158.17 2741.7 18.917

) (- )(

-- :






)(-
.
) (-
.

a1

a2

a4

a3

a5

b1
b2
b3
b4

b5
b6
b7
b8

b9

) (- )(

) (- )(

-- :


) (-

) (-

) (-

.
) (-


.

) (- )(

--- :

):(-
-
.
-
.
-
.
-

.
-
.

) (-

-
" "articulation

"-- "


.
-- )(:







.
--- :




.
:
)( .
.

.

.
.

) (-



.





) (-



) (

.

) (- )(

A105

)A105
(C3



) (A11

.

C86

D10

D26

A11

D14

A3

D57

C37

C76

A26

C3

D59

A74

) (- )(

)D67D59
(

B7

D67
B32

C57

C63

B46

A35

C20

B6

A97

B61

A92

C21

B17

B19

B4

B20

) (-

) (-
)(

--- :








).(-

--- :

..

.




:

.
.

.
) (-
) (-

)+(

)+(

)+(

)+( )++(

)++(

)+( )++(

) (-

A105

D10
D26

A11

D14

A3

D57

C37

C76

A26

C3

C86

D59

A74

B7

) (- ) (

D67
B32

C57

C63

B46

).(B61

A35

C20

B6

A97

B61

A92

C21

B17

B19

B4

B20

) (- ) ( )(

---)(:


:
-

: -
... -
-
" "
""
"" .



" "
" " " "
"" ) (-

) ( ) (
) (
"" .

.......

) (- )(

- :
" "
) ( ) (-
""


.
" "


" "

" "

) ( ) (- " "
""
).(-

) (- )( )(

) (- )(

--- :
" "
""


-
) ( ) ( ) (-
) (L ) ( ).(

""

""
) ( ) (-

" "

) .(

"" )(


" "
" "



- - - -
.

)(L

)(

)(

)(

)(

) (- )(

--- :



""
:
- :
" "
" "
) (-- ) (L ) (
) (U ) ( ) (
.
-)(:




)( -

) (- .

)(L

)(U

) (- )(

) (- "" )(

--- :







) (- ) (
: ""

) (
-
).(

) (- )(

--- :


) (-


"" "" ) (-
" " ) (-

) (--
) (-
) (
""

""
).(----

)(

)(

) (-

-- :





.
---:

) (



.

).(-

D10

D26

A11

D14

A3

C37

C76

C86

D59

A74

) (- )(

C57

C63

A35

C20

A97

A92

C21

B17

B19

B4

B20

) (-

---:



) ( ) (-

) (D59 ) (-
) (--

""
)(-
) (- " "
) ( " "
).(
---:




)
( ) (-- ) (--
) (-- )(--


).(--

) (- )(

) (-

-- :






) ( .

--- :


" "

%
) (B32 ) (-
.
---)(:



"" :
) (


) (-
.

)(

) (.

D10

D26

A11

D14

D57

C76

C86

D59

A74

B7

D67

B32

) (- )(

C57

C63

A35

C20

B6

A97

C21

B17

B19

B4

D13

) (-

- :


- -
-


.
.

) ( ) ( ) (








.




.
) (-
.

)(

) (- )(

:



:

.

.

.

:
- :

.

. ) (



.

.
.



.



) (




.


.





.

: :
- :
- -
-
.
-
) (.
-

.
:
:
- ) (:
-
.
-

.
-


.
- ) (
) ( .

- :
-

.
-

.
- :


.

.


.





) - - (

. :

: :
-
.

.
-
) (Archetype

) (
)
( .
: :
-

) (

.
- ) (

) ( ) (
.
- ) (


) (
.

-

) (.
-
) (
)( .
-
.
-:


:
-
""
.
-


.
-
.
-

.
-
.

-
GIS
.
-


:
-
.
-
.
-

:


.

.
- :
:
-
.

-
.
-
.
-

.
- :

:
- .
-
.
- .
- .

13

:
.1 :
. 1988

.2 : .2001
.3 : (1850 )1967
.1988

.4 :
.2001

.5 : ( ) .
.1999

.6 : .1973
.7 : .1961

.8 : .1980

.9 : ()45
- .1992

.10 : .1996
.11 ( ) ,
.2002

.12 :
.1998

.13 : .2001

.14 : ( )
.1996

.15 : 1918 1945

.1999

.16 :
.1985
.17 :
.2000

.18 :
( )99 .2000

.19 : .1988

.20 :
.1995

14
.21 :
.1988

.22 :
( ) .1991

.23 :
.2000

.24 :
.2000

.25 :
.2002

.26 :
, .2000

.27 :
.2002
.28 :
.1988

.29 :
.2002

.30 : .1994

.31 : .

.32 :
.2000

.33 , : , , ( ,)8
. 1999 ,

.34 :
.2000

.35 :
.2002

.36 :
.1987

.37 : 1988 -1979

.1988

.38 :
.1979

.39 :
.1985

15
.40 : ( 1500. 600)
.2002

.41 :
.1988

.42 :
.1988

.43 :
( ) .1991

.44 :
( ) .1991

.45 : ( )GTZ.2001
.46 : . .1999
.47 : .1999

.48 : .2001,

.49 :
.2000

.50 : .1990
.51 : (
) .2002

.52 . :
.1985

.53 : .2000
.54 :
.1999

.55 : . . .

www.elaph.com
www.minshai.com
www.nic.gov.yesite
www.tareem.com
, Kac Young: The Element of Water. www.drfeder.coc

16

:
50) Al- Ani, Adnan F.: Adobe construction and magnificent use in highrise building of
hadramaut, first scientific confrene clay architecture on the threshold of the 21st century,
Hadhramout university of science & Technology ,(C.A.C), Yemen ,2000.
51) Al- Sbahi, Aref: Local Building Trades in Shibam Hadramut, (GAVTT) (GTZ), Yemen,
1997.
52) Bell, Jose-Marie: Yemen Lart desbtisseurs Architecture et vie quotdienne, Amyrisserveclit Bruxelles 1997.
53) Bonnenfant, Paul: SANAA, ARCHITECTURE, Domestique et societe, CNRS edition.
54) Bonta, Juan: Notes for a theory of meaning in design : in Signs symbols & Archtichure,
John wiley & Sons, Newyork,1980.
55) Breton, Jean f. & Darles, C.: Shibam Estrattode storia della citta, No (14 ) paris 1980.
56) Breton , Jeanf.: Religious Architecture in Ancient Hadramaut, Proceeding of seminor for
Arabin studies. Off print from vol (10), lendon, 1980.
57) Breton, Jean f.: Shibam and The wadi hadramawt, Mimar(18) Singapore,1985.
58) Cultural Heritag (protection) project The world Heritage city of shibam wadi
Hadramaut, 1999.
59) Damluji, Salma S.: A Yemen Reality Architecture seulptured in Mud and stone, Garnet
publishing limited, Reading , UK, 1991.
60) Damlaji,Salma S.: The Valley of Mud Brick Architecture, shibam, Tarim & wadi
Hadramut, Garnet publishing limited, Reading, UK, 1992.
61) Doe. Brian: Southern Arabia, thames and Hudson, switzerland 1971.
62) Doe, Brian: Monuments of South Arabia , falcome oleander press, Italy, 1983.
63) Echert, AL-Hadi & A.AL-Magrami: Cultural Heritag protection project The Social
Assessment Report for The Historic cities of old sanaa, shibam Hadramaut and Zabid,
Yemen,1999.
64) Echert, AL-Hadi: Field Mission, Report to UNESCO, 1993.
65) Elgel, Ursula & Eckert,Hadi: Shibam, Rehabilitation and developmant in wadi Hadramaut
R.Y,(GTZ)Yemen, 1998.
66) Faya, Muhamad, I: Aproposed urban couservation model for cultural Heritage city, walled
city of shibam Hadramaut R.Y, Master thesis, Dawwod college of Engineering and Technology,
Karachi, bakestan, 1998.
67) Feiner, Jacques: Shibam , Acity and its Site. (MHUP) & GOPHCY, Yemen, 1995.
68) Hirschi, Suzanna et Max: L Architecture Au Yemen Du Nord, Berger Levrault, paris,
1983.
69) Hughes, Richard: Laboratory Testing of soils used for the builing of structures in shibam
Yemen Arabic Republic, UNESCO, UNDF, London, 1991.
70) Jerorne, Pamela- Chiari, Giacomo & athors: The Architecture of Mud construction and
Repair Technology in the Hadhramaut Region of Yemen, A.P.T. USA. 1999.
71) Krier, Rob: Urban Space, academy Editions, London, 1979.
72) Leslie,Jolyon: Building with Earth in South Arabia, Mimar(38), Singapore,1989.
73) Lewcock, Ronald.& athers: Conservation, Reastoration and Documentation of Historical
and Archeological Monuments and site, Report UNESCO, paris, 1980.
74) Lewcock, Ronlad.: Shibam and wadi Hadramaut, Report No2 prepared for Governiment of
(PDRY)by (UNESCO) paris, 1982.
75) Lewcock, Ronald , Heyman, J.: Shibam and wadi Hadramaut, Reports No3 Prapared for
Governiment of (PDRY)by(UNESCO) Paris, 1982.
76) Lewcock, Ronald: Wadi Hadramaut and the walled city of shibam ,UNESCO, UK, 1986.

17
77) Meulen, D.van & athers: Hadramaut some of its Mysteries unveiled, leyden E.J. Brill. LTd
Netherland, 1964.
78) Proceeding the symposium on Low- cost Housing in the Arab Region, volum II , Sanaa
24-28 october, 1992.
79) Rapoport, Amos: House Form and Culture, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.,
London, 1969.
80) Schulz, C. Norberg: Existence, Space & Architecture, Cox & W, Yman Ltd., London, 1972.
81) Schulz,c. Norberg: Kahan, Heidegger and The language of Archeticture in:
Oppositions(18), Cambridge,Massachusetts,USA,1979.
82) Schulz,c. Norberg: Genius Loci, Rlzzoli, New York, 1980.
83) Sogreah: Emergency Programme following floods in Democratic Yemen , consultant
Report, On the SOGREAH Mission nov- Dec. 1982 ,volum II , ICOMOS, Paris 1982.
84) Shibam flood protection R.Y phase feasibility study, main Report, Yemen, 1992.
85) Shipman, J.G.T. :The Hadhramaut , Asian Affairs, No (15), 1984.
86) Steadman, J.P.: Architecture Morphology. Pion LTd, London, 1983.
87) Varanda, fernando: Art of Building in Yemen , MIT Press, cambridge, London, UK, 1982.
88) Vidler, Anthony: The Idea of Type: The transformation of the Academic Ideal(17501830),A.D.,London.