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ME189 - Chapter 1 PDF
ME189 - Chapter 1 PDF
CONTENT
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
CONTENT Contd
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Overview of Micromanufacturing
Chapter 10
Microsystems Design
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 1
Overview of MEMS and Microsystems
Hsu 2008
WHAT IS MEMS?
MEMS = MicroElectroMechanical System
Any engineering system that performs electrical and mechanical functions
with components in micrometers is a MEMS. (1 m = 1/10 of human hair)
Available MEMS products include:
Micro sensors (acoustic wave, biomedical, chemical, inertia, optical,
pressure, radiation, thermal, etc.)
Micro actuators (valves, pumps and microfluidics;
electrical and optical relays and switches;
grippers, tweezers and tongs;
linear and rotary motors, etc.)
Read/write heads in computer storage systems.
Inkjet printer heads.
Micro device components (e.g., palm-top reconnaissance aircrafts, mini
robots and toys, micro surgical and mobile telecom equipment, etc.)
Sensor-on-a-chip:
(the size of a
rice grain)
Micro Cars
(Courtesy of Denso Research Laboratories, Denso Corporation, Aichi, Japan)
Rice grains
Low-cost
and
industrial products.
Size reduction
Palm-top Wireless PC
The only solution is to pack many miniature function components into the device
A top-down approach
(MST)
(1 m - 1 mm)*
Miniature devices
(1 nm - 1 mm)
A bottom-up approach
Nanotechnology (NT)
(0.1 nm 0. 1 m)**
MEMS Products
MEMS as a Microsensor:
Power
Supply
Input
Signal
Micro
Sensing
Element
Transduction
Unit
Output
Signal
Output
Action
Micro
Actuating
Element
Rotor
Stators
Torque
Transmission
Gear
Power
Supply
Transduction
Unit
Components of Microsystems
Power
Supply
Signal
Transduction &
Processing
Unit
Sensor
Actuator
Microsystem
Sensor-on-a-chip:
(the size of a
rice grain)
Collision
25 m
A micro gear-train by
Sandia National Laboratories
25 m
Separation Channel
Injection Channel
Analyte Waste
Reservoir,A
Plug
Waste
Reservoir,B
Silicon Substrate
Work on the principle of driving capillary fluid flow by applying electric voltages at the
terminals at the reservoirs.
Micro Sensors:
Acoustic wave sensors
Biomedical and biosensors
Chemical sensors
Optical sensors
Pressure sensors
Stress sensors
Thermal sensors
Micro Actuators:
Grippers, tweezers and tongs
Motors - linear and rotary
Relays and switches
Valves and pumps
Optical equipment (switches, lenses &
mirrors, shutters, phase modulators,
filters, waveguide splitters, latching &
fiber alignment mechanisms)
INPUT:
Desired
Measurements
or
functions
Sensing and/or
actuating
element
Transduction
unit
MEMS
Signal
Conditioner
& Processor
OUTPUT:
Controller
Actuator
Signal
Processor
Comparator
Measurements
Measurements
or Actions
Evolution of Microfabrication
There is no machine tool with todays technology can produce any device or MEMS
component of the size in the micrometer scale (or in mm sizes).
The complex geometry of these minute MEMS components can only be produced
by various physical-chemical processes the microfabrication techniques originally
developed for producing integrated circuit (IC) components.
Electrochemical
Processes
Electrical Engineering
Power supply
Electric systems for
electrohydrodynamics and
signal transduction
Electric circuit
design
Integration of MEMS
and CMOS
Material
Science
Mechanical Engineering
Machine components design
Precision machine design
Mechanisms & linkages
Thermomechanicas:
(solid & fluid mechanics, heat
transfer, fracture mechanics)
Intelligent control
Micro process equipment
design and manufacturing
Packaging and assembly design
Chemical Engineering
Micro fabrication
processes
Thin film technology
Materials Engineering
Materials for substrates
& package
Materials for signal
mapping and transduction
Materials for fabrication
processes
Industrial Engineering
Process design
Production control
Micro assembly
New MEMS
BioMEMS
IT MEMS for Telecommunication:
(OptoMEMS and RF MEMS)
Principal Sensors
(7)
(6)(1)
(4)
(3)
(2)
(10)
(9)
(5)
(8)
Microswitches:
Unit: $million
Concluding Remarks
1. Miniaturization of machines and devices is an inevitable trend
in technological development in the new century.
2. There is a clear trend that microsystems technology will be further
scaled down to the nano level.
(1 nm = 10-3 m = 10 shoulder-to-shoulder H2 atoms).
3. Despite the fact that many microelectronics technologies can be
used to fabricate silicon-based MEMS components, microsystems
engineering requires the application of principles involving multidisciplines in science and engineering.
4. Team effort involving multi-discipline of science and engineering is
the key to success for any MEMS industry.
End of Chapter 1