Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 2(42)/Nm 2007

XY DNG MA TRN CNG PHN T TM GN NG DNG

TRONG TNH TON KT CU TM COMPOSITE LP
C GN TNG CNG BNG PHNG PHP PHN T HU HN
Ng Nh Khoa (Trng i hc K thut Cng nghip - H Thi Nguyn) Tin Dng (Trng Cao ng Cng nghip Vit - Hung)

1. Gii thiu
Nh c u im ni tri v kh nng chu lc trong khi chi ph v vt liu v trng lng
kt cu c gim mc ng k, m cc kt cu tm-v c gn tng cng c s dng rt
ph bin hu ht cc ng dng trong k thut v i sng, cho d l cc kt cu ch to t cc
loi vt liu kinh in hay cc kt cu c ch to t vt liu composite lp. Tuy nhin, trong
thc t ca ngnh c hc k thut, vic tnh ton c hc i vi cc kt cu tm-v c gn tng
cng lun c xem l rt phc tp v cho n nay vn cha c c li gii tng qut, c bit
l cc kt cu bng vt liu c tnh d hng cao nh composite lp. V vy, vn ny v
ang c s quan tm ca nhiu nh nghin cu c hc trong v ngoi nc. V d nh, gn
y Kolli v Chandrashekhara [3] s dng phn t ng tham s vi cc hm ni suy khc nhau
cho tm v dm phn tch ng x phi tuyn ca tm gn Composite bng vic s dng phn
t t gic 9 nt v phn t gn 3 nt da trn l thuyt tm ca Mindlin. Cc tc gi Y.V.Satish
Kumar, Madhujit Mukhopadhyay[4] s dng mt phn t tm gn mi phn tch n nh cho
kt cu tm c gn tng cng bng vt liu composite lp, phn t ny l mt s t hp ca phn
t tam gic ng sut phng ca Allman v mt phn t un Mindlin Kirchhoff ri rc; m hnh
ny cng c kh nng p dng i vi bi ton c s gn bt k v hng tu . Nhm tc gi
Guanghui Qing, Jiajun Qiu, Yanhong Liu [5] da trn nghim bn gii tch ca l thuyt phng
trnh vct trng thi, mt m hnh ton hc mi phn tch dao ng t do ca tm gn nhiu
lp c pht trin bng cch xem xt ring bit cc phn t tm v gn; phng php ny
da trn iu kin tng thch v ng sut v bin dng ti cc im nt giao tip gia tm v
gn; cc tc gi cng s dng phn t t gic bc nht 4 nt v vi phm vi nghin cu gii hn
trong cc kt cu c gn b tr dc theo cc cnh ca tm. Bn cnh mt s cng trnh quc t
cng b trn nh lit k trn, gn y cng c mt s cng trnh trong nc nh: Nhm
cc tc gi Trn ch Thnh, Trn hu Quc [2] nghin cu bi ton dao ng ca cc kt cu
tm c gn tng cng bng vt liu Composite; nghin cu ny, cc tc gi s dng m
hnh phn t t gic ng tham s 9 nt v phn t dm 3 nt c lp vi cng hm ni suy; ma
trn cng ca phn t dm c xy dng da trn iu kin tng thch v chuyn v ti mt
lin kt gia tm v gn trn c s l thuyt tm ca Mindlin; tng t nh cc nghin cu ca
cc tc gi khc, nghin cu ny cng ch kho st vi cc kt cu c gn b tr dc theo cc
cnh, hay vic chia li phi ph thuc vo s b tr ca gn.
Mc ch c t ra trong bo co ny l xy dng c m hnh phn t c th p
dng cho bi ton kt cu tm c gn tng cng dng tng qut (kt cu c s lng gn bt
k, hng gn khng nht thit phi song song vi cc cnh bn ca tm). T tng chnh
thc hin trong bo co l ri rc ho kt cu bi cc phn t dng tam gic bc hai, trong
bao gm cc phn t n thun l phn t tm chu un truyn thng v cc phn t c s t hp
vi thnh phn gn. cc phn t t hp ta xem phn t tm v phn gn l hai thnh phn ca
29

Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 2(42)/Nm 2007

mt th thng nht, nh vy ma trn cng ca phn t t hp s l tng ma trn cng ca

cc thnh phn. Tuy nhin, im mu cht y l ma trn cng ca thnh phn gn c
xy dng trn c s ca vic biu din trng bin dng trong gn thng qua mt trng chuyn
v trung gian ly trn phn t tm, v trng chuyn v ny c xc nh nh vic ni suy t
cc thnh phn chuyn v nt ca phn t tm.
2. ng x c hc ca tm v dm composite lp
* M hnh bi ton:

M hnh bi ton tm c
gn tng cng c th c biu
din nh hnh bn (Hnh 1).
n gin ho vic biu din,
chng ti s dng cch biu din
vi vt liu n lp v khng m
t iu kin lin kt, tuy nhin lin
kt ca kt cu cng s c kho
st dng tng qut.

pxy

Hg2
bg2

bg1

Hg1

Hnh 1. M hnh kt cu tm chu un

c gn tng cng

Trong m hnh tng qut,

h trc chung ly theo h quy
chiu ca tm (x,y,z) nh hnh v, h trc a phng ca gn l (x,y,z). Trong trc z z,
x phng ca gn v h trc quy i ca gn x, y, z l h trc (x,y,z) tnh tin i 1 khong
h+H

0, 0,
, vi h v H tng ng l chiu dy ca tm v chiu cao ca gn.
2

* ng x c hc ca tm composite lp
Quan h ng sut-bin dng trong tm i vi lp th k c biu din nh sau:
x
Q11

Q
y
12
xy = Q16

yz
0

xz k 0

Q12

Q16

Q22

Q26

Q26

Q66

Q44

Q45

0 x
0 y

0 xy

Q45 yz

Q55 k xz k

(1)

Trong , Qij l cc h s cng thu gn, c xc nh t cc hng s n hi ca vt

liu [1]; v cc thnh phn bin dng trong (1) c xc nh qua chuyn v nh sau:
x = x0 + zk x ; y = y0 + zk y ; xy = xy0 + zk xy ; yz = 0yz ; x = 0xz ;

trong :

x0 =

30

y
y
u 0 0 v 0 k = x

; y =
; x
; ky =
; k xy = x +
;
x
y
x
x
x
y

(2)

Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 2(42)/Nm 2007

u 0 v 0
w
w
+
; yz = y +
; xz = x +
y
x
y
x

0
=
xy

(3)

Trong (3), u, v v w l cc chuyn v mt gia ca tm v x , y l cc gc xoay. Tch

phn (1) theo chiu dy tm, ta thu c phng trnh quan h ng sut - bin dng:

{N }=

{ }

D t 0t

(4)

{ }

Trong N t l vect lc mng v m men un, xon; D t l ma trn cng vt

liu, c xc nh t cc hng s n hi ca vt liu [1]:

{ } = { , , , k , k , k , , }
[N t ]= (N x , N y , N xy , Qyz , Qxz , M x , M y , M xy )T
0t

0
x

0
y

A11t
t
A12
A16t
t
B
t
D = 11t
B
12t
B16
0

0
xy

xy

0 T
xz

0
yz

A12t
t
A22
t
A26
B12t
t
B22
t
B26
0

A16t
t
A26
A66t
B16t
t
B26
B66t
0

B11t
B12t
B16t
D11t
D12t
D16t
0

B12t
t
B22
t
B26
D12t
t
D22
t
D26
0

B16t
t
B26
t
B66
D16t
t
D26
t
D66
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
t
A44

t
A45

(5)

(6)
0

0
0

0
0

0
t
A45

A55t

(7)

trong :

(A , B , D ) = (Q ) (1, z, z )dz
t
ij

(A

t
ij

t
ij

t
t
t
44 , A45 , A55

hk

k =1

hk 1

t
ij k

vi i=1,2,6

(8)

) = [ f (Q ) , f f (Q ) , f (Q ) ]dz
L

hk

k =1

hk 1

2
1

t
44 k

1 2

t
45 k

2
2

t
55 k

(9)

Trong Qijt l cc h s vt liu ca lp th k trong h to tm, f1 v f2 l cc h s

hiu chnh ct v L l s lp vt liu trong tm.

* Quan h ng sut-bin dng ca dm composite lp

Cc gn gia cng c m hnh bng cc dm nhiu lp v t theo phng bt k i
vi cnh tm. Dm ch chu un, khi thnh phn chuyn v v(x,z) l v cng b nn b qua,
trong tnh ton ch cn 2 thnh phn chuyn v u(x,z) v w(x) [6].
Trng chuyn v theo Mindlin c biu din nh sau:

u ( x , z ) = u 0 ( x ) + z x ( x )

(10.a)

w( x ) = w 0 ( x )

(10.b)
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Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 2(42)/Nm 2007

Trng bin dng ca dm:

0
x = x0 + zk x ; xz = xz

(11)

Vi:

x0

w0
x
0
=
+x
; kx =
; xz =
x
x
x
u 0

(12)

Trng ng sut:
'
C11
x

'
C12
y
= 0
yz

xz
0

'
xy k C16

x

xz k

0
0
'
C 45
'
C 55

(13)

3. H phng trnh phn t hu hn

S dng phn t tam gic 6 nt, mi nt 5 bc t do m hnh tm, ta c th vit cc
chuyn v ti im bt k trong tm nh sau:

{u } = [N (x , y )]{u (t )}
6

i =1

trong :

{u } = {u
e

(14)

[N ] = N [I]

,vi0 , wi0 , xi , yi } ;
T

e
i

e
i

v N ie l cc hm ni suy Lagrange, [I] l ma trn n v 55 v ui, vi,... l cc chuyn v nt.

Ta vit li (14) di dng:

{u } = N {q }
e

trong :

e
i

(15)

[N ] = [N ],[N ],...,[N ]
e

{q } = ({u } , {u } ,...,{u } )
e T
1

Thay (15) vo (3) ta c

{ }= [B ]{q }
e

e
t

e T
2

e T
9

(16)

m hnh cho gn, ta xt trng hp tng qut, kt cu tm c gn tng cng hp vi

trc x gc , c gi tr gii hn l 0 180 0 .
i vi kt cu tm c gn tng cng, khi ta ri rc ho bi cc phn t, s tn ti cc
phn t c cha on gn tng cng nh hnh 2.

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Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 2(42)/Nm 2007

3

Mt trung bnh ca tm

6
t

Mt

x
x

Mt trung bnh ca gn

Hnh 2. M hnh phn t tm cha mt on gn

Vc t chuyn v ca im M bt k trn mt trung bnh ca gn s c xc nh thng

qua vc t chuyn v Mt (M l hnh chiu ca Mt theo phng vung gc vi mt phng tm)
Khi , vc t chuyn v ti Mt :

{u }= {u
et

0t

, v 0t , w 0t , xt , yt

(17)

c ni suy bi cc thnh phn chuyn v nt ca phn t tm nh sau:

{u }
et

N1
0

=0

0
0

N6

N1

N6

N1

N6

N1

N6

N1

0
0
0 q e = [N ] q e

0
N 6

{ }

{ }

(18)

Cc chuyn v ca gn trong h trc (x, y, z) c xc nh theo cc chuyn v ca tm

theo h trc (x, y, z), nh m iu kin tng thch v chuyn v ca phn t thanh v phn t
tm t ng c tho mn [4].

{u }
ex'

u' 0
1
0
0
v
'

0

= w' = 0

0
x'
0

y'
e

0t
0 0 0 u
1 0 0 v 0t
0 1 0 0 w 0t = [E ] u et
0 0 1 0 t
x
0 0 0 1 t
y e

[ ]

(19)

trong : = (H + h ) 2 l khong cch gia mt phng trung bnh tm vi mt phng trung bnh gn.

Bin dng ca gn trong h trc to a phng x, y, z l:

{ } = { , }
Cc thnh phn bin dng trn gm c: { } = {
g T

(20)

xz

0g T

0
,
x

x, x , 0

xz

}
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Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 2(42)/Nm 2007

Cc thnh phn bin dng trong h trc x, y , z c chuyn i sang h trc (x, y, z) nh
sau [1]:

(21)
{ }= [T ]{ }
trong : {
} l cc thnh phn bin dng ca { } c biu din trong h to (x, y, z)
0g

0 gx '

0gx '

0g

theo biu thc:

{ } = {
0 gx ' T

0
0
0
x ' , y ' , x ' y ' , x ', x ' ,

y ', y ' , y ', x ' , x ', y ' , 0y 'z ' , x0'z '

(22)

v ma trn chuyn i h trc bin dng :

{T }
g

cos

= 0

1
sin 2
2

sin 2

0
2

cos

1
1
sin 2
sin 2 0
0 (23)

2
2

0
0
sin cos

sin 2
0

{ }
{ }= [L ]d

Biu thc (22) biu din qua chuyn v u ex ' di dng:

0 gx'

x'

(24)

Trong cc ma trn ton t Lg c xc nh nh sau:

Lg

x'

= 0

y'

y '

x'

x'

y'

0
0
0
0

0
0

y ' x'

0
0 1

y '

0
1 0

x'

(25)

Cui cng ta c cc thnh phn bin dng c vit li di dng:

{ } = [L ]{d }= [L ][N ]{a} = [B ]{a}

0 gx'

x'

(26)

Trong cc Bg l ma trn lin h bin dng chuyn v c xc nh nh sau:

[B ] = [L ][N ]
g

(27)

Biu thc th nng ca vt th c xc nh l:

= U +W

34

(28)

Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 2(42)/Nm 2007

trong :

1 T
dV l nng lng bin dng n hi, v W = d T pdS = w pdS l cng ca

2V
S
S
lc phn b. p dng nguyn l cc tiu ho th nng ta thit lp c h phng trnh PTHH:
U=

= 0

(30)

Nng lng bin dng n hi ca tm c xc nh bi:

Ut =

{ }

1
t

A
2

{ }

1
Dt t dxdy = qT K t q
2

(31)

Nng lng bin dng n hi ca gn c xc nh bi:

bg

U eg =

{q} [B ] [T ] [D ][T ][B ]{q}d x = 2 q

g T

g T

K eg q

(32)

Trong Dg l ma trn cng ca phn t gn c biu din nh l:

[D ]
g

Ag B g 0
11 11
g
g
= B11
D11
0

g
0
0 A'11

Ma trn cng ca tm v gn c xc nh l:

[K ] = [B
t
e

T
1

(33)

A B1 + B1T B B2 + B2T B B1 + B2T D B2 + B3T A' B3 dS

(34)

St

trong :

[B1 ] = [[L1 ]N1 [L1 ]N 2 .......[L1 ]N NE ]

[B2 ] = [[L2 ]N1 [L2 ]N 2 .......[L2 ]N NE ]
[B3 ] = [[L3 ]N1 [L3 ]N 2 .......[L3 ]N NE ]

(35.a)
(35.b)
(35.c)

[ ] [Q'ij ]k (hk hk 1 )

(36.a)

[Q' ] (h

(36.b)

A = Aij =

k =1

[ ]

B = Bij =

1
2

k =1

ij k

2
k

hk21

[ ] 13 [Q'ij ]k (hk3 hk31 ) vi: i, j = 1, 2, 6.

n

D = Dij =

(36.c)

k =1

[ ] [Q'ij ]k (hk hk 1 ) vi: i, j = 4, 5.

n

A' = A' ij =

(36.d)

k =1

35

Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 2(42)/Nm 2007

K eg = bg

[B ] [T ] [D ][T ][B ] d x
g T

g T

(37)

Ma trn cng ca phn t t hp tm-gn c xc nh bi:

K e = K et + K eg

(38)

Nu nh phn t gn ch thuc 1 phn t tm th ma trn cng ca phn t t hp thc

hin nh biu thc (38), nu thuc c hai phn t tm th coi nh ch thuc 1 phn t v phn t
cn li coi nh khng cha gn.
Cng do ti trng phn b u c xc nh bi:
T
T
T
p( x, y) w( x, y)dS = q [BP ] {p( x, y )}dS = q F
Se

(39)

Se

trong : [BP ] l ma trn chuyn i lc b mt, n c xc nh t cc ma trn nh v v cc

hm dng nh sau:

[BP ] = [LP ][N1

N 2 .........N 6 ]

(40)

Trong trng hp tng qut, nu coi cc ti trng tc dng ln mt trung bnh ca tm,
bao gm cc ti trng tc dng trong mt phng tm v k c ti trng tc dng vung gc vi b
mt, th Lp l ma trn n v c kch thc (55).
Thay (31), (32) v (39) vo (30) ta thu c: [K ]{q} = {F } , l h phng trnh PTHH cn
thit lp.
4. Kt lun

Vi mc ch xy dng m hnh phn t phc v cho bi ton kt cu tm c gn tng

cng dng tng qut, khc phc nhng hn ch ca nhng m hnh phn t truyn thng, bo
co ny thit lp c m hnh phn t t hp gia phn t tm v thnh phn gn chu un.
M hnh ny cho php p dng i vi cc kt cu dng tng qut, c th l c th p dng i
vi cc kt cu c s lng gn bt k, hng gn khng nht thit phi song song vi cc cnh
bn ca tm. y chnh l tnh u vit ni bt ca m hnh phn t mi c xy dng, c kh nng
khc phc nhng hn ch ca cc m hnh PTHH dng tm v dng gn truyn thng vn c s
dng trong hu ht cc nghin cu v c hc kt cu composite trong v ngoi nc hin nay. Ma
trn cng phn t t hp xy dng i vi phn t tam gic bc 2, da trn l thuyt tm
Mindlin.
Vic xy dng thut ton PTHH v chng trnh tnh ton s kho st cc bi ton
tnh v ng cc kt cu tm c gn tng cng bng vt liu composite lp s c nhm tc gi
tip tc trnh by trong cc bo co khoa hc tip theo

36

Tp ch Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 2(42)/Nm 2007

Tm tt
Bi bo ny tp trung vo vic nghin cu xy dng m hnh phn t hu hn t hp
gia phn t tm vi phn t gn truyn thng. Nh m hnh ny, vn tnh ton v phn tch
c hc cc kt cu tm composite lp c gn tng cng bng phng php phn t hu hn
(PTHH) c th c gii quyt dng tng qut so vi cc dng phn t truyn thng khc. Ni
dung chnh c trnh by trong bo co l xy dng ma trn cng phn t cho phn t tm
tam gic 6 nt m c t hp vi phn t dm, da trn t tng chuyn v ca phn t dm
c ni suy t trc tip t cc nt ca phn t tm. Trong , l thuyt tm c s dng l l
thuyt chuyn v bc nht ca Mindlin.

Summary
Building stiffness matrix of stiffened-plate element to applyi in laminated composite
stiffened-plate analysis using finite element method
This paper concentrates on building finite element modeling, which is the combination
of traditional plate element and beam plate. Based on this element, the calculation and analysis
of laminated composite stiffened-plate mechanical by using finite element method (FEM) should
be resolved in general forms. Main content of the paper is steps to build of stiffned matrix for 6
node triangular elements; the new element is combinated of plate and beam elements. The
solution is based on beam elements displacement field is interpolated from plate elements
nodes. In which, the Mindlin plate theory was applied.
Ti liu tham kho
[1].
[2].

[3].
[4].
[5].
[6].
[7].

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Ni.
Trn ch Thnh - Trn Hu Quc (2006), Phn tch c hc kt cu tm Composite lp c
gn gia cng bng phng php phn t hu hn, Tuyn tp cng trnh khoa hc hi ngh
c hc vt rn bin dng ton quc ln th 8, Thi Nguyn.
M. Kolli - K. Chandrashekhara, Finite element analysis of siffened laminated plates under
transverse loading, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA.
Y.V Satish Kumar - Madhujit Mukhopadhyay (1999), A new triangular stffened plate
element for laminate analysis. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721 302, India.
Guanghui, Jiajun Qiu- Yanhong Liu,(2001) Free vibration analysis of stffened laminated
plates. Tianjin University ,92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, Peoples Republic of China.
Valery V. Vasiliev & Evgeny V. Morozov(2001), Mechanics and Analysis of Composite
Materials.
A.H Sheikha, A. Chakrabartib (2002), A new plate bendung element based on higher-order
shear deformation theory for the analysis of composite plates. Engineering College,
Jalpaiguri-735102, West Bengal, India.

37