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T I N
K H I M
cs
H Ni
l c
t r n h
NH XUT BN I HC Q u c GIA H NI
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N G U Y N
D N G
m
T I N
K H I M
L c H C C N G T R N H
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C hu tr ch n h im x u t bn
Gim c
PHNG QUC BO
Tng bin tp
C hiu tr ch n h im ni d u n g
Hi ng xt duy gio trnh Vin C hc
Ngi nhn xt
GS. TS. NGUYN VN PH
PGS. TSKH. SN
B in tp x u t bn:
C h bn:
O NH MAI
T rn h by ba:
O NH MAI
C S NG Lc HC CNG TRNH
M s: 1K -01015-01204
In 200 cun, kh 16 X 24 ti N h in Vin Khoa hc v C ng n g h Vit N a m
S xut bn: 5/422/XB-QLXB, ngy 7/4/2004. S trch ngang: 95 KH/XB
In xong np lu chiu qu II nm 2004
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Li ni u
Cun sch nh ny c bin son da trn c s nhng bi
ig ca tc gi v chuyn ng lc hc cng trinh ti Trung tm
Hp tc o to v Bi dng C hc thuc i hc Quc gia H Ni.
Trong khun kh mt chuyn ngn, phi trnh by mt b mn rt
rng, ti buc phi suy ngh la chn ni dng v cch truyn t
cho ph hp. C l vi th m cun sch ny khng th bao qut ht cc
vn ca ng lc hc cng trnh.
Trc ht, phi phn bit ng lc hc cng trinh vi L thuyt,
(lao ng ni chung v vi Dao ng k thut ni ring. L thuyt dao
ng ni chung l c s l thuyt v cc qu trnhc tnh chu k,
thng gp trong nhiu ngnh khoa hc, k thut khc nhau nh Vt
l, C hc, Ch to my, Giao thng, Xy dng ... y nghin cu
nhng khi nim v dao ng v cc phng php nghin cu,
pht hin cc qu trnh dao ng trong thc t. Dao ng k thut l
mt s c th ho l thuyt dao ctng, nhm cung cp cho cc k s s
hiu bit cn thit l gii v x l cc hin tng dao ng trong k
thut. ng lc hc cng trnh khng th dng li i tng k
thut ni chung, m tp trung vo nghin cu i tng c th l cng
trinh nh mt h c hc n hi. Tuy nhin cng khng th hiu ng
lc hc cng trnh nh b mn Dao ng ca cc h n hi, mc d
trong mt vi trng hp cng kh m phn bit r rng. Nu i
tng ca L thuyt dao ng cc h dn hi l cc m hnh ton hc
ca cc vt th n hi mang tnh tng qut, th ng lc hc cng
trinh tp trung vo nhng i tig thc tc th c m phng nh
cc h n hi - cng trinh . Bn cnh , nu l thuyt dao ng cc
h c hc, do tnh tng qut, c th khng cn quar tm nhiu n vic
m hnh ho cc h c hc, th ng lc hc cng trinh , nh l mt b
phn ca ng lc hc ni chung cn phi bt. u chnh t vic xy
dng m hnh ton hc cho mt i tng thc t. Khi mn ng
c hoc c n g t r i n h c n g p h i c u n g cp c n h n g c n g c m h n h
m t c c h t r n tr n g
v xin
Tc gi.
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iii
M C
L C
1 rang
Li ni u ........................................................................................................ i
Nhp mn ng lc hc cng trnh........................................................1
Chng 1. Nhng khi nim c bn ca ng lc hc
cng t r n h ........................................................................... 9
1.1 H mt bc t do..........................................................................................9
1.2 H nhiu bc t do...................................................................................22
1 .3 Truyn sng n hi trong thanh.........................................................32
1 .4 Dao ng un ca dm n hi..............................................................39
t r n h ........................................... ...................................101
3.1 Dao ng ca m cu di tc dng ca ti trng di ng....... 101
3.2 Phn ng ca cng trnh trong ng t...........................................107
3.3 Dng lc hc cng trnh bin............................................................... 113
3.4 Bi ton chn on k thut cng trnh............................................122
Mt s bi kim tra.......*.................................................................... 131
T i l i u t h a m k h o ........................................................................ ..................... 133
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NHP MON
DNG L c HC CNG TRN H
0.1
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hc
cng trnh
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r i n g r t p h c t p . N i c h u n g , d g i i
r n h b y s l c v m t s m h n h t h n g d n g c a c n g t r n h .
v t p t r u n g t i m t s i m no . K h i c n g t r n h th c c h t c
th a y
bng
m t h
hu
hn
cc cht
i m
b i ton
ng
l c
hc
c n g tr n h tr n n n g i n h n v l c q u n tn h c x c n h t i c c
bi h c c p h n g tr n h v i p h n
th n g . T u y n h i n , v i c
li n
h g i a
kt
qu
c c c h t i m
phn
tc h
ng
nh th no m
l c h c
vn
b o c h n h
ph
th u c
vo
xc
k in h
p (t)
/hv~
/A?
H n h 1 .1 .1 . D m n g i n v m h n h c c k h i l n g t p t r u n g t h a y t h
n y c x y d n g d a trn m t t p v h n m
c:
s p h t h u c t h i g i a n . C s t o n h c c a v i c m h n h h a
tn
chui v h n
t i k h a i tr i n
cc hm
tr n g c h u y n
tr c g ia o
v c a h di d n g tn g
b i t th a
m n
c c i u
k i n b i n h n h h c
h o c = Y JB n cos(c + a ) 4 / ,i (x ,.y ,z )
n -I
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
(0 .1 )
l c c t a s u y
r n g c a c n g tr n h . T u y n h i n
v i c tn h
r n g s t n g l n
nu
ta l y n h i u
s h n g c a chui xp
x i, t u y
n h i n k h i k h i l n g tn h to n c u n g t n g l n n g k.
h n h
ha
p h p m h n h
y
nay
dng
cng
tr n h
th c
xut
h i n
m t phng
h a m i, g i l p h n g p h p p h n t h u h n (P T H H ).
m t phng php
y cho
h n h
c b n , h i n
ho v
phn
i v
tc h
th n g
tn h , n g
dng
nht
h i n
l c h c c c c n g
trnh. tng ca phng php PTHH thc cht l da trn hai cch
m h n h h a n u tr n v n i d u n g c a n n h sa u : C h n m t t p h u
h n c c i m
n t tr n c n g tr n h v i c c t a s u y r n g n h s n ri
d n g c m t h ri rc m t b n g p h n g
t r n h v i p h n th n g v i cc to s u y r n g ; s a u k h i tm d c vc
t c h u y n v n t , c c c t r n g v t r n g t h i n g s u t , b i n d n g c a
c n g tr n h
t i b t k
i m
n o trn
cng
tr n h
c th x c in h
tr o n g n g l c h c c n g tr n h
c tr n h b y tr o n g c h n g h a i
c a cu n sch n y.
khc
nhau.
Ti
trn g
tn h
dng
t i tr n g
bn
th n ,
trn g
tr o n g m t th i g ia n n g k g y ra g ia t c
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dc).
Newton
ra nh lut c bn thit lp phng trnh
chuyn ng ca h c hc, tuy nhin nh lut ny kh p dng cho
cc h phc tp, v d nh h chu rng buc. thun tin cho vic
thit lp phng trnh chuyn ng ca cc h c hc, nhng nguyn
l khc nhau, m thc cht l s m t khc ca nh lut c bn,
c nghin cu v pht-trin. Di y xin gii thiu mt s nguyn
l c bn ng dng trong dng lc hc cng trnh.
a. Nguyn l D'Alembert
Nguyn l ny xut pht t nh lut th hai ca Newton v
c pht biu nh sau
gm:
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Fj
l c q u n
tn h
b n g k h i l n g n h n
v i g ia
tc v
l y
du
tr ;
Fp l lc ngoi tc ng ln h.
Khi theo nguyn l DAlembert
at
(0.2)
l cc lc khi, lc mt v lc tp trung tc ng ln
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}[7(/)-V)* + jW()d/ = 0,
(0.4)
t,
(0.5)
Q, - ~ i j = 1*2,...,
0,
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Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
9
Chng 1
N H N G K H I N I M c B N
C A N G L c H C C N G T R IN H
1.1 H mt bc t do
1.1.1 Khi nim bc t do
Bc t do ca mt h c hc l tp hp cc tham s c lp ti
thiu xc nh v tr v hnh dng bn thn h mt cch duy
nlat trong khng gian. Cc tham s ny dc gi l cc: bc t do hay
to suy rng ca h. S lng cc tham s"trong tp hp nu trn
gi l s bc t COca h. H c hc c th c mt, nhiu hay v s bc
t do. Trn hnh 1.1.1.a l dm khng khi lng mang vt nng m,
xc nh v tr ca vt nng ta cn bit vngy ti tit din t
vt nng, khi h dc xem l 1 bc t do. Tuy nhin, nu chuyn v
c trc ca dm xp xi chuyn v ngang ca tit din th cn 2 tham
s mi xc dnh v tr khi lng m, khi h c xem l c 2 bc t
do. Trn hnh 1.1.1.1) l h 2 thanh khng c khi lng mang mt vt
nng m nhng cn hai thng s mi xc nh dc v tr ca khi
lng rn trng thi bin dng, nh vy h c xem l c 2 bc t
do.
Ay
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
(1.1.1)
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11
(1.1.2)
+ 0><p= 0 .
Phng Irnh ny cho ta nghim
(1.1.3)
cp = a s i n ( c o () + 0 )
co ( h a v c h u k d a o n g b n g T = 2 7/ co0 ) v p h a b a n u
=\A\:
0 = -argA + .
(1.1.4)
(1 .1 .5 )
<p+^v>
1
/
0 = arctg
<p0O)(,
I (Po J
2 C f {)z + ( z = 0 .
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(1.1.7)
z = a e i y t sin(( Jjt + 0 ) ,
(00 = co()/i-< ;-
vi l mt s ng v c gi l h s tt dn dao ng , c trng
cho lc cn nht, )) l tn s dao ng ca h c cn (Hnh 1.1.4).
Trong khun kh dao ng chng ta ch xt trng hp h s tt dn
nh hn 1 (0<^ < 1). Bin a v pha ban u ca h c cn c
xc nh bng iu kin u z{0) = 2 {,,z(0) =Z0Cdng
a
22+. (^<
+ CcD0 Z
co)
0 = arctg
z 0( [)
\ *0
(0i)
(!)1)
5 = ln ~ . Khi ta c th xc nh h s tt dn dao ng Cy t
2n
. +l
phng trnh
= 2ttC/i -C : =>s = /V ir - : .
(1.1.10)
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13
r n g l l c c n b n g
- c ( i - V ). P h n g tr n h
L agrange
c h o ta
mi + c(z -
V)
+ k{z
z(t)
m
k <
\
li =JC
y(t)
m m m m w M m m .
Hnh 1.1.5. Dao ng ca h mt bc t do c xt n nh
hng ca chuyn v nn.
a vo to suy rng X - z - y l chuyn v tng i ca vt th
so vi nn, ta
phng trnh
m x + c X + kx = -m(t) .
(1.1.13)
mx + c.i: + kx = Pit)
hay l
X
+ 2^G)(J X + ( x =
P(t)
trong (l
co,
lykm
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(1.1.17)
P0/m
A = A((0) = 2
2 ^
cotl - 0) + 2 /C ( 0fJ 0
i x(t)
P ft/ m
ar = \A\ = - = = === =
2Ccofta>
t 0/t sarctan
( - c o 2 ) 2 + 4 C 2 ( ( 2
<
, (1.1.18)
- CO'
= k - m ay
+ C(
( 1 . 1 . 1 9 )
Hm phc
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//((.>) =
K(t>)
m o)
-f
icxo
15
(1.1.20)
0)A
Hm phc
i
------M( co) = - = ----------T
/(co) k - mco + icc
(1.1.22)
cco
(k - (0 1 )1 )' + (c))1
)(k - m a r)
(k - )2m)2 + (cco):
1 I
Rc))----- I + [lm(r>)]
2c J
2c
(1.1.23)
1.1.4 Hm p h n ng xung
Ti trng xung thng c c trng bi lc c gi tr ln xiy
ra trong mt khong thi gian ngn.
Ta c th biu din xung P(t) dng
Pit)
2e
T - C < / < T + g
(1.1.2^4)
t > X+ c
P I2z -
rc
JA
I p (e)= p ( t ) d t = p( t ) dt = 2e = p
tc
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17
/ <; = \(t)dt
J
= 1.
(1.1.25)
Xt h
1 bc t do thi im
ban u ng yn
.v(0) - 0; i(0) = D chu ti trng xung P). khi phng trnh chuyn
dng ca h l
m x + c X + k x = P( t ) -
(ms2 + cs + k)X(s) - P ,
t (t suy ra
X(s) =
- .
ms + cs +
x(t) = Ph(t),
(1.1.26)
trong cl hm s h)
TO(Ofl [
(1.1.27)
/.<0
l chuyn v ca h di tc ng ca hm xung Delta Dirac 5(0lm s"h(t) c gi l hm phn ng xung ca h. D dng nhn
thy tc ng ca ti trng xung (t) i vi h 1 bc t do tng t
vi vic p dng iu kin u .v(0) = 0; v(0) = 1/ m .
Bin i Fourier hai v phng trnh (1.1.27) ta c
>
_ -
1 i t . i t I, c i J (
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S(V L C / / i 0 4 ' ~ f ~
(1.1.29)
Tch phn (1.1.29) c gi l tch phn Duhamel hay tch phn tin
ha.
Nu ti thi im ban u h khng dng yn, tc l
x ( 0 ) = .r0 ; i ( 0 ) =
VQ,
khi
n g h i m
ca
(1 .1 .1 4 )
bao
gm
c o s (c d p t ) +
s i n ( ( t ) / ; / ) -
I)
m(D0
... V
(1.1.30)
t > 0.
Trong biu thc tng qut (1.1.30) thnh phn u l nghim dao
dng ring biu din qu trnh chuyn tip v n s tt dn theo thi
gian. Thnh phn sau l kt qu ca s tc ng ca ti trng, gi l
dao ng cng bc, cng vi thi gian thnh phn ny s tin n
trng thi bnh n
m<>0
(1 .1 .3 1 )
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X(i)= I
"Pi
19
i i
(1.1.32)
trong H{i()l hm phn ng ln s ca h. Ch n quan h
gia lm phn ng tn s vi d cng ng ta cng c mi lin h
P ( c o )
K(<)XU).
(1.1.33)
1.1.6 H s (tng lc v ta ph p hn ng
Trong thc t, cng trnh l mt h c hc chu nhiu loi ti
trng, tc ng khc nhau nh ti trng tun hon, xung, va chm,
dng cat,... nh gi c kh nng chu lc ca cng trinh i vi
cc tc ng ny, ta cn phi nh gi c phn ng ca cng trinh
(chuyn v, vn tc, gia tc. hay mt ch tiu no khc). Chi tiu dn
gin v thun tin nht l gi tr cc di ca chuyn v di tc ng
ca ti trng. th th hin mi lin h gia gi tr chuyn v cc
i ca cng trnh di tc ng ca mt ti trng no d v tn s
ring ca h c gi l ta ph phn ng. Mt c trng khc rt
thng dng l h s ng lc, c nh ngha bng t s gia chuyn
v ng ln nht theo thi gian v chuyn v tnh ca h. Cc c
trng trn c th tnh c da trn c s tch phn Duhamel (1.1.29),
v d chuyn v ln nht ca h c hc o tc dng ca ti trng bt
k bng
I
max x(t)\
I-C,2(t - T) CT t >0.
m(
(1.1.34)
Sau dy ta xt mt s trng hp quan trng hay gp.
a. Hin tng cng hng (Ti trng tun hon P(t) = Puettt).
K hiu
(1.1.35)
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.r 2(0
2<
p0 f(0 -w : !- + 4,
x>2
k
1
s ln v
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p
0
m 0)
2]
-Co>,
1-
(1.1.37)
>
=-COs[cOD(-<0)-(|)]
V*1 ?
vi () = arctg
Hnh 1.1.10.
Khi b qua lc cn trong h ( = 0)
.r() = [l - cosco0tf]
(1.1.38)
v chuyn v ln nht l
Xmnx ~ 2 -~ - 2r ; r /?
(1.1.39)
Hnh 1.1.11
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>r
( rp \
x) =
Tit
tL)
sin
T . 2nt
sin
210
0<t <
J
\ **0
t T t
sin 2 rc *
2 1-
sin
2nt
(1.1.40)
t >L
1.1.12.
Hnh 1.1.12
cl. Vic xc nh h s dng lc i vi mt s bi ton ng lc phc
tp hn nh bi ton dao ng ca dm cu di tc dng ca ti
trng di ng, bi ton dao ng cng trnh c xt n ti trng ng
t s c trnh by chi tit hn chng 3 ca ti liu ny.
1.2
H
t
nhiu bc
t
do
1,2.1 Cc c trng ng lc hc
Xt h c hc c hu hn bc t do xc nh bi vct to suy
rng = {/,...,iV}7 . Khi , ng nng v th nng ca h c dng
T = -J rM = -2 Y m i 1
l:V
J = -JU r KU = - Y kuU,Ur
V ' J (1.2.1)
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23
(1.2.2)
MU ) + C ) + T) = p(t ) .
(1.2.3)
= d*1*
vi co, o dc gi l tn s" ring v dng dao ng ring ca h. Cc
tn s ring c xc inh t h phng trnh i s
det[Ar - 0yM] = 0
(1.2.4)
[K -
= 0; ||{d>j| = 1.
(1.2.5)
[0,
i* j
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( K - i o M ) O k = 0.
ln lt, ta s
<>lK&j =&7
jK<t>k,
<X>T
k M<b j =
v do
(0) - ()(t>lM<t>J = 0.
Nu j k,ij * co*, ta s nhn c (1.2.6).
Cc tham s rnj}k j , j = 1,2,..., JV c gi l khi lng v cng quy
i. Ngoi ra, cc dng dao ng ring lun cha mt hng s"bt k,
xc nh hng s ny ngi ta a vo cc tiu chun gi l php
chun ho dng ring, v d cc hng s"c ly bng 1/ ^rrij , khi
dng ring chun ho tho mn
jM', = 1, V/.
Vi cc tham s"khi lng v cng quy i ny, tn s"ring dc
tnh mt cch d dng
co, = yj kj i m ] , j = 1,2..... N .
am J
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
25
^ = fcO')l*=P
(1-2.7)
D = d i a g j c ....... ; v .
M = (7' )' () !;
K =(0 ^ Q r1;
(1.2.8)
1.2.2 Cc c trng ph
By gi ta xt h cho (1.2.3) vi lc ngoi tc dng c dng
p = Peiit
tc mt lc iu ho vi tn s ) v bin phc P . Khi dp ng
ca h cng c th tm di dng
u = emt
v bin phc ca p ng s dc tm t phng trnh
(-0) 2Ml<C + K ) = p .
Ma trn phc
(1.2.9)
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-(O) = K ,
tc l tr thnh ma trn cng tnh ban u.
Ma trn
H(() = k '(()
c: g i l m a t r n m m n g h a y c n g i l m a t r n h m
= HP
tr u y n , vi
(1.2.10)
(co,..... (N v
o = {O c( ); i , j = 1,2,..., N )
l cc t n s'
hay
iV
U J (t) = r U ) q r ) ,
j = l,2,..,JV
( 1 .2 .1 1 )
r=1
v thay vo phng trnh (1.2.3). Tin hiih nhn v hng hai v
phng trnh t pha phi vi vc t <I>7 v s dng tnh trc giao ca cc
dng dao ng ring (1.2.6), ta c n phng trnh vi phn tch bit
j = 1,2.....N,
trong
f J(t) = <t>J(s)Pa(ty,
7 = 1,2.....N .
=1
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(1.2.12)
27
\
trong
(1.2.13)
trong
H
(1.2.14)
>, =
Ar
N N
=
l I r I
ps.
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
(1.2.16)
r(o>) =
p =
Biu thc cui cho ta quan h gia ma trn truyn hay ma trn
mm ng lc hc vi cc c trng ng lc hc nh sau
H(co) = K ' (co) = [// ,,()] = H, (w)Drun>, (s)
_r-1
hay l
= X
r1
I kr - mr( + icr(
r-
(1.2.17)
0 rMU(t)
o tM( )
(1.2.18)
<DrA
/<J)i /(/)= <bTM
<I>
i
I
Nghin) ca cc phng trnh tch ri (1 .2 . 1 2 ) c dng (1.1.31)
/AX
, <7y(0) + qp (OK 0)
q (0 )coso>/; t +--------------------------------- ^sin(0 7) t
<Dj
(1.2.19)
t >0 ,
t=0 .
Xt h chu ti trng P(t) c thnh phn th j l hm xung Delta Dirac Pj(t)=(t), cn cc thnh phn khc u bng 0 . K hiu ht) l
chuyn v ca bc t do th k do ti trng xung n v (t) t ti bc
t do th j gy ra. Hm hkj(t) c gi l hm phn ng xung ca h
nhiu bc t do. Gi thit iu kin u ( 0 ) = 0 ; ( 0 ) = 0 v ti
trng thnh phn Pj(t) c dng bt k, khi chuyn v ti bc t COk
c dng tch phn Duhamel (1.1.29)
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
29
^> 0 . (1 .2 .2 0 )
)c/0
(0)tix-ItotT+O
(1.2.21)
Nh vy, vi h nhiu bc t do, ma trn hm phn ng xung
\hh<(/)] v ma trn hm truyn [//*,((0)1 l cc bin i Fourier ca
nhau
H kj (co) = h kj )e'Mdf,
ro
k = 1,2,...,N ;
t > 0.
(1 .2 .2 3 )
7=1 0
Kt hp (1.2.21) vi (1.2.23), ta c
Mfo) =
(co),
(1.2.24)
>=
t ta thu li c biu thc (1 .2 .1 0 ) v
1 JV *
f/A,()P,(co)ew'dc0.
(1.2.25)
271 j-i -
i.2.4 V d
Xt dao ng ca dm khng trng lng, trn dm c 3 khi
lng tp trung m J , m 9, m: (Hnh 1 .2 .1 ). Cc lc tc ng ln h gm
Lc qun tnh - m kk(t) v lc cn Rk(t) t ti cc khi lng.
Cc lc ngoi P(t), q(t) v M(t).
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
111
m3
m.
M(t)
L - - /377
I
UoiI
142
Hnh 1.2.1.
Theo nguyn l D'Alembert, ta vit c phng trnh chuyn ng
+ i j [ - m , . ( t ) - R . ( t ) ] + A k r (t),
trong
(1 .2 .2 7 )
m:12
m^S,3
m,2l
m 2 22 1 / co2
m , s 3l
l232
0
0 5
ll I2 5,3
ai 5 jj 5
*1
o2
3S 23
= 0.
(1 .2 .2 8 )
K hiu cc ma trn
m,
M= 0
0
0
/71,
0
j.
su
~kK\1 K
ki: *13
= *21 ^2. ki) *
k,, _
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
(1.2.29)
31
["]
7687
11
'9
11
7'
16 1 1 ; [M] = i ^
4
11 9
o'
A ~7s7
I---
'
L/4
L/4
L/4
L/4
Ta
* L/4
L/4
L/4
A
L/4
L/4
L/4
L/4
(0, =
9.8666 \E_
39.1918
\pA c'h
83.2128 \E
pA
V
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
X.
C h n h to l m t tr c t r n g vi tr c
p(x,t)
JC=L
x'= 0
N -
N+ dx
x
Q
f' fi
Hnh 1.3.1.
Lc qun tnh
fj = pFdx (x,t)
N
Cc lc ko hai u phn t N yN + ~dx
Lc cn ngoi
CX
f c = c(xf t)dx
-
*Ti trng phn b dc theo thanh Q = p(x9t)dx
Hng tc dng ca cc lc ny c xc nh trong Hnh 1.3.1. S
dng nguyn l DAlembert ta c th thit lp c phng trnh
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
cN - ~
pf r 2tidu4 c-f(t
<i
33
p(Xyt)
CX
c dng
E' =p(x.t).
pFJi + c- -
ri
ex V
(X
(1.3.1)
0
y l phng trnh chuyn dng dc trc tng qut ca thanh,
khi gii cn n cc iu kin bin v iu kin du.
(t *
EF
ex V
1=
rc )
ft*
fV
Vp
(1.3.3)
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
u = T(t)a>(x)
phng trinh (1.3.2) c da v hai phng trnh
T(t) +<2T) = 0 ;
&*(x) +(co/ a)2o = 0.
Vi cc diu kin bin trn, chng ta tm dc
Tta. .
(0 = 0)n = ~ ( 1/2);
L
(1.3.4)
u(x,t) =
a J c COS
o s
( x - a t ) - Q n - cos
to
(x + aO + 0
.]
(1.3.5)
Cc hng s" A,0xc nh l iu kin u. Biu thc cui th
hin s truyn sng chuyn v hnh cosin trong thanh theo hai hng
ngc nhau.
Tng t ta c th tm c biu thc ca sng ng sut
=E
(x,0 =
Z
x
EAn(0 . () ,
^ 1
|co#f .
---- ----<sin -(JC- a/) - 0 #1 -sin;(jc +at) +Q
a
[ La
J
[ a
(1.3.6)
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
35
Hnh 1.3.2
Xt mt thanh chiu di L, c mun n hi E, tit din F, mt
khi p. Gi thit cc tham s nu trn khng di v ti du X = 0 c
mt lc xng tc dng dc trc thanh. t c m t bng h s nn
xung quanh thn cc l K t , ti mi cc K 0. Gi thit lc cn nht
xung quanh thn cc l ch yu v c h s bng x (b qua lc cn
nht mi cc). Khi phng trnh truyn sng n hi trong thanh
c dng
pF p2, -{ X/ 1 +
dt-
x
tV
EF iQ ll = 0 ;
dx
n p u(jyt')
77- / . \
EF T - = K 0u ( L 9l).
x
(1.3.8)
h =
2p
F,
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
(1.3.9)
/CO2 + A2
(>'(0) = 0;
,a ) - * o ( L ) = 0;
v iu kin bin
(1.3.10)
0
= =r.
EF
cosXx;
2nL +sin2knL
tan XL = ka
hay phng trnh rt gn
ptan[ = 2
(1.3.12)
vi p = XL, z = kt]L .
Phng trnh (1.3.12) c th gii bng s vi mi z cho trc, khi d
kt qu cho php ta xc nh c cc tn s ring
(1.3.13)
n = 1,2,3,...
A>
v tng t ta c
M 00) = (n - 0 .5 ) 7: hay X =
, n = 1,2,3,...
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
37
d2u(x,t)
U du(x,t)
------ + 2 h
+ k xa u ( Xy t ) - a
: d2u(x,t) _
=
x
.
---------
P ( t ) 5 (x ),
trong k hiu
Pit ) = .
p
u(x,t) = q n(t)<t>(x)
(1.3.14)
n=1
Nhn hai v phng trnh cui vi $m(x)v tch phn hai v theox t
0 n L, do tnh trc giao ca hm csin nn ta c
pn(t) =P(t)An ;
+ h = a-(kx +),;).
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
Qn(to)= e-ialqn(t)dt\
<73
pn(0))= e~""p (t)dt ;
W
U(x,(>)= e~'""u(xj)dt\
-Vj
co - (0 + 2ih(
v do
[ / ( a ) . y 4 M)^ - 0s. ^ . . )
- (1.3.15)
/J1
- (0 + 27ico
,|Bl 0),; - ( + 2ih(
T (1.3.15) ta c th tnh c hm ph chuyn v
(1.3.16)
z(x,t) -
uX
- - ^ q n(t)An),n sin nx
n=\
(1.3.17)
v tng ng
(*,) =
Lc ny ni lc trong cc bng
39
V kt cu dm
Dm l mt dng kt cu dn gin cng vi thanh. Nu trong
thanh ngi ta ch quan tm n s ko nn v bin dng dc trc,
th vi dm, cng c kt cu dng thanh nh vy, ta xem xt bin
dng ngang vung gc vi trc thanh gi l un. Cng nh thanh,
hnh hc ca dm c xc nh bng hai kch thc: chiu di v tit
din ngang. Tit din ngang c th c hnh dng khc nhau nh hnh
ch nht, hnh trn,.... nhng ni chung cng li c xc nh bng
hai kch thc khc nhau, hay c bit cng c trng hp ngi ta
chi xt mt kch thc c trng cho tit clin. Theo mt s kt qua
nghin cu th khi nim v dm ch c s dng khi chiu di ln
hn nhiu cc kch thc cn li. Nu chiu di v kch thc ca tit
din c cng c (t l nh hn 1 0 ) th m hnh dm khng cn tc
(lng na.
Trong nghin cu m hnh dm, ngi ta phn loi dm nh sau
1 . Dm Euler-Bernoulli l loi dm tho mn cc gi thit sau:
Tit din ngang lun lun l phng trong mi trng thi bin
dng.
Mt i xng ca dm lun trng vi mt phng dao dng
(hay tit din ngang lun lun vung gc vi trc trung ho).
Qun tnh quay v bin dng trt c th b qua.
2. Dm Timoshenko l loi dm trong diu kin th hai v ba
khng cn tho mn na. iu ny xy ra khi chiu di dm
khng ln so vi kch thc tit, din ngang (t l nh hn 1 0 ).
Hin tng tit din ngang khng cn phang khi bin dng l rt
phc tp, cn t c nghin cu v l mt loi dm th ba. Trong
khun kh cun sch ny ch yu l xem xt dm n gin EulerBernoulli.
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
gm l c c t
x+dx
V( Xyt ) ,
dV
V(x,t) +2 L d x
CX
Ti trng ngoi phn b"theo dm Q =
q(x,t)dx
dx
(Xyt)
X= 0
X =L
J - , -------------- :
-T
1 ----i L
---J-----------_L
1 L
i__
x)
V
fl
M+dM
dx
H n h 1 .4 .1
M(x,t) = -E I
2U(x,t)
x2
F(x,t) +~
x
EI
2u(x,t)
dx
= q( x, t ) .
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
(1.4.2)
41
M(x.t) = ~EI
2u(x,t)
yu(x,t)
+ H;
CX
dx2t
v cn mi trng c dng
Fr(xj) = c ax
d2u(x,t)
pFii(xJ) + C(xJ) + r E( -T + M
,
x L
d'u(xj)
= q(x,t ) . (1.4.3)
dx t
--
N^
l dx,
CX
dxi
+ N liXft)
x
2
F(xyt) + -7 - 7
x
1
du(x,t)
2u(x,t)
+ N- q(x,t ) .
A
1
x m
dx \
OX
(1.4.4)
2 p j zu(x,t)
+ knu(xyt) = q(x,t ) .
pFii(Xyt) + Y
x
dx2
(1.4.5)
b. Dm Timoshenko
Tiriioshenco pht trin dm Euler-Bernoulli nghin cu
trng hp dm khng phi l di d c th b qua bin dng trt
v tnh n c qun tnh quay ca phn t dm. K n bin dng
trt ca dm c ngha l thm vo gc xoay do un bng u/ x mt
gc trt 0 no c c gc xoay tng th ca mt ct so vi trc
cn bng ban u c dng
<p(x,) = 0 + ul x .
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
M{xyt) = -E1
d i x tt) _
x
cu(x,t)
Vx yt) = -aGFQ = a GF
dx
pF(x}t) + aFG
pI(xyt) + aFG
cujxj)
y(xj)
= q(xj):
dx
(1.4.6)
EI
e ( x tt)
CX
=0
t2
t s l l ^ l +EI ^ l - p/( + A )
aG
ctAdxA
a Cr dx2Pt2
.
'
(1.4.7)
pF(xyt) +
02
x
EI
d'-ujXyt)
= 0.
x2
u( A%/) =
^ c P (.v ),
trong C
i) l tn s"ring v 0 (x) l dng dao ng ring.
Khi , phng trnh i vi 0 (x) c dng
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
43
(X, i)
= -p
c&
(x)
T y ta c
(to2
, - i)) j p F O , k(x)dx = 0
vi C] * (, hay l
i.
(1.4.8)
<1
Biu thc (1.4.8) th hin tnh cht trc giao u tin ca cc dng
ring.
Mt khc, t (1.4.8), k n phng trnh
ta c
>
vi
0) ,
*
io*>
, su y ra
0
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
b)
a)
<DV)(x)-A.4(x) = 0;
.4_
X=
_ [W
hay CO= az,a0 = -
El
V
2 pF,
(1.4.10)
Trng hp gi ta hai u:
Khi iu kin bin c dng
0(0) = O(0 ) = o (L) = <D*(L) = 0
(1.4.10)
A -C =0
B sinh L + DsinL - 0
5sinh/i. - Dsin L = 0
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
45
XL
s i n ?uL - 0 ,
t thu c
sin
=0
(1.4.11)
X j = j n l L J = \,2....
hay
L
<b)(x)dx = 1.
khi
c, =7271.
Trng hp dm cng xn:
Ti du ngm ta c iu kin bin
0(0) = 0X0) = 0
v ti u t do
= ct>"(L) = 0 .
Khi , phng trnh tn s c dng
cos
XL
cosh
+1 = 0
(1 .4 .1 2 )
vi cc nghim l
X ,L = 1.8751;
X 2L = 4.6941;
X }L = 7.8547;
* (n - 0.5)71,n > 6 .
cho cc nghim l
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
(1.4.13)
c. nh hng ca lc dc v nn n hi n tn s ring ca dm
Gi thit cc tham s"dm v g tr lc dc khng i, khi
phng trnh dao ng un ca dm c dng
pFii(x,t) + EI - u-ixt} N = 0
cbc4
c
(1.4.14)
vi quy c du +N nu lc N l nn v du -N nu lc N l ko. D
dng nhn thy phng trnh xc nh dng dao ng ring s l
<b'/v'(*) 2sO>(x) - 4cJ>(.r) = 0;
c h o l c n n v
^EInnY
w" pF
NL:
" E /n V
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
(1.4.15)
47
VI vv
(1.4.16)
jC1 -
iron (l p = ?
d. Dm trn nn n hi
T phng trnh (1.4.5) ta c phng trnh dao dng ring crt
dam trn nn n hi c dng
dx2
0)n
(1.4.18)
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
1^
\q(x , t );(x)dx
0
Qj (t) =
Q,(co)
(J-( +2ihJ(
trong
Hj(
co) =
co
-C D
2 * 7 ^ 0 )
(1.4.19)
(1.4.20)
Lc hm s
*
vi du sao (*) ch lin hp phc, c gi l ph chuyn v ngang ca
dm. D dng nhn thy ph chuyn v l hm thc. Nh vy thc
cht ph chuyn v cho ta bnh phng bin dao ng l hm s'
ca tn s"lc kch ng v to dc theo dm.
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
49
Chng 2
NH NG PH N G PH P c BN
C A N G L c H C C N G T R N H
2.1 Phng php ma trn h s nh hng
Nh ni phn u cng trnh l mt h lin tc rt phc
tp, c v s' bc t do. Nhng phng php gii tch c trnh
by trong mc 1.5. ch p dng cho cc h n gin nh thanh, dm,
bn, m khng th s dng cho cc kt cu phc tp hn nh h
khung, dn hay h n hi ba chiu. nghin cu cc h phc tp
ny, i hi phi c nhng phng php chuyn dng n gin v
hiu qu. ng li chung vn l tm cch thay th h lin tc bng
mt h ri rc c hu hn bc t do. Phng php c in, n gin
nht trong s' l phng php ma trn h s nh hng, c trnh
by sau y. Trc tin ta a ra khi nim chung v cc ma trn
cng v khi lng ca h hu hn bc t COtheo quan im ca c
hc* vt rn bin dng.
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
t im gy ra chuyn v bng mt dn v ti im j.
l chuyn v ti im i c gy ra bi lc mt n v ti im j. i
lng ny cn c gi l h s nh hng.
Ma trn h s'cn l c =
=1
vi cc thnh phn
{ ,,~ ., v }7, ta c
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
N h n g p h n g p h p c b ca n i l c hc c n g t r in h
5I
p = /c
V
= H p .
T (l ta c
p =K H P
suy ra
K H =I .
Chinh Hi lin h ny l ct. li ca phng php ma trn h s" nh
hng vi ni dung c trnh by sau y.
MU +C +KU = P'
(2.1.0)
K.
Thng thng v ma trn h s cn rt phc tp, nn ngi ta
gi thit n c dng cn Rly, tc l
c a (XM + pK
Vii cc h s> a,
bit.
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
php lc quen thuc. Trong nhiu trng hp, vic xc nh trc tip
ma trn cng K l n gin hn so vi vic xc nh gin tip
thng qua ma trn mm H. Khi ma trn mm H c th tnh
c t ma trn cng K bng php nghch o ma trn H = K [.
Trng hp ny gi l phng php chuyn v hay phng php
cng c trnh by trong mc 2.4.
By gi, chng ta c th tin hnh thit lp phng trnh
chuyn ng ca h. Gi s ta c c cc ma trn M, H, c v vc
t lc ngoi p, ta gp tt c cc lc tc dng ln cc nt vo mt vc t
lc tng
F = p - MU - CU ,
trong d hin nhin p l vc t lc ngoi, tip n l lc qun tnh v
lc cn. Mt khc, theo nh ngha v cch xc nh h s nh huTig
hf nu trn, chuyn v ca im i gy ra do lc Ff bng
U = K ]( P - M - C )
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
53
ly l
KL
p - MU - CU .
s u y ra
Ml VCU + KU
p .
2.1.3 H s nh hng ca dm n hi
Xt mt dm c chiu di L, mul dn hi E , mmen qun tnh
tit din /, trn dm c mt lc ngang tp trung P{) tc dng ti im
x0 v chuyn v un ca dm do lc ny gy ra ti im X l u (x).
Iy so
. d u(x)
E
= p(,(x - x).
dx
Nghim tng qut ca phng trnh ny l tng ca nghim tng
qut phng trnh thun nht v mt nghim ring ca phng trnh
khng thun nht. Nghim tng qut cn phng trnh thun nht c
dng
(2.1.2)
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
(2.1.3)
0 , X < x
(2.1.4)
I1 , X >
0
ta c
X < X.
0
u ( x ) = [ ^ - ( s - x {) ) d s =
l E1
0
u"(x) = Ju*(s)cfe
(2 . l.a)
X > X,
E1
X < x0
p
j ( x - x t>), x > x a'
i
X
(2.1.51))
x<x
u[(x) = |u'(s)ds =
M x - xn , X >X,
0
2E1
0
.r < Xi
X
(2.1.5c)
u t ( x ) = j J (s )d s =
(2.1.5c)
l ~ ( x - x t) , X > x
6EI
Cu cng ta c
0
w(x) = C0 + CX + C2X2 + C3X3 +
6 EI
vi d m
gi ta
< x0
( x - x 0) \ X > xt)
(2.1.6)
h a i u , ta c cc iu kin binnhsau
C,Z, + C,L3 + _ 5 - ( L - x 0) = 0;
67
6C3L +
jJ
~ xd) - 0*
rt ra
c. = ^ 2 -(L -* 0 )(2 L-X0);
6EIL
Cj S - A . ( L - x , ) ,
\0EjLL
Cui cng ta c
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
55
N h n g p h n g p h p c bn ca rit l c h c c n g t r n h
I)
(2 .1 .7 )
i L-Xy) ,
xt
6EIL x ~ 6EIL
X<
(I
(2.1.8)
v
0
X < xu
( *- * ) , -*>x0
(2.1.9)
(2.1.10)
2.1.4 Cc v du
CI. Trng hp mt bc t do
Xt dm gi ta n gin, Hnh 2.1.1. Trc ht, ta phi chn s
bc t do N. gi s N = /. i vi dm c khi lng ring l p, tit
din ngang l F v cc tha!1 s khc nh trong mc 2.1.3. Khi ma
trn khi lng c mt thnh phn duy nht, v c chn
m = pFL/ 2 . Khi lng ny dc tp trung ti v tr gia dm .r0=L/2.
Ma trn cng cng ch c mt phn t chnh l k(x0,x). Nu hai
du gi ta n gin th theo cng thc (2 . 1 .8 ) ta c
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
48EI
(12-1.11)
m + c + kU = 0
(2.1.12)
vi
p/TL ^
48E I
; =
;c - a m
+ 3/?
A
LI2
L/3
Li 2
L/3
L/3
Hnh 2 .1.2
Hnh 2.1.1
Tn s ring duy nht ca h rt gn l
9,7979.
- ta <
oHI = J
=
t V% _
= -9Vrn L
EI
pF
co
7~
9,8696a0
a z7 *
b. Trng hp hai bc t do
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
N h n g p h n g p h p c ban ca n g l c h c c n g t r in h
57
i:
|S 7
486V |_7 8
//
162E
5L
- 7"1
-7
M=
FL 1 0
3
0 !
8 - '
-7
-7
8-/1-
= - 1 6 / ' + 15 = 0
..
_ 5pF ,
VOI /. = ------ t) .
486E/
( c th tnh c hai tn sring bng
ta, =
9,859
38,184,
<) = [o,
<!>,] = 4
V ~4
Tuy nhin, i vi dm cng xn th tnh hnh khng tt c
nh dm ta n, ta s thy mc tip theo.
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
. _
h =
.......... ............. . _ 3 E I .
>. _
IT
_ 1,73a
81EI
8L/
h =
8
suv
81EI
SO tng ng la C
O
. = J
Vm
lc ny ch cn 1 0 %.
3,182a0
\k
3,897a0
. *
------ hoc 0), = J = ------ , sai s
L
Vm
L2
11
V" 1 t/1. Z.
- 5L3
24EI
L'1' '
16 -5
-5
1248E/21EI
59
pFL
pFL
rn = ; m7 =
Trng hp th hai l chn
FL
pFL
; m2 =
2
4
48E1 16 - 5
I V -5 2
pFL(z
= 0.
Nu da vo tham s
7pF 2 ,
%r o0
C
hay (0 = J
%EI
V 7 V
x =
(0, =
2,33540
24,638 la 0
C2
L2
3,5l6a0
22,0346ao
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
60
_
7P
_J
92
> chouta*hai
u tn
- 4.*-s
VI tham so- 1A=
- FV
(02 uhay C=
-----a<
--192E l
V 7
1 -
3,1563a0
L2 ;)2 -
16,2580a(J
L2
w(x,t) = eIG
>'O(:r,(0 )
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
6i
tr o n g l
F(2
~~
gi l bin phc ca vng. Do tnh chng cht nghim ca
phng trnh tuyn tnh, bin ca vng c th vit dng tng
dng
O(x,co) = CKXx) + C2K 2jc) 4-C}Ky(Xx) 4- CAK A(Xx) , (2.2.1)
trong cc hm Krulov Kj (x) c dng
K(x) =
(cosX + coshx);K 2{x ) = (sinx* sinhx);
(2.2.2)
(2.2.3)
a vo hai vc t
Qi
Qn
1
4
M,
*
W
Hnh 2.2.1
Mt khc, theo l thuyt dm, ta c bin phc ca chuyn v,
gc xoay, lc ct v mmen un ti u tri X = 0 bng
CX
= \c2,
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
62
M0 = EI
= X-EIC,. Qu =EI
CX
= X'EIC'i.
A.
+Q - K A(\x).
X EI
X EI
(2.2.4)
S dng li cc cng thc tnh gc xoay, mmen uYi v lc ct ca
dm u phi X = L, ta s c
W] = 0(Ltco)
= WK , (UL) +- K 2(IX) +
X
M
X2E /
(L) +
o.
x*/
(>),
W/ = 0'(L,co)
o.v
!(XL),
M. = E/d>"(L,co)
Q, / f 2 (/X),
= EIWKy(XL) +XEIW;Ka(XL) f MtK {(XL) + ^
Q, = EIOm(L, CO
)
= 3 e/w 0a:2 (?x) + x- e i w ; k }(}) + XM0K a(L) +Qtf,(/X).
(2.2.5)
Khi cc ng thc trong (2.2.5) c th vit gn li dng ma
trn nh sau
U' = [ T ] \
(2.2.6)
Kt(XL)
XK.iXL)
[t ] = [r(L,F,/,,p,co)].
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
N h n g p h n g p h p c b n c a n g l c h c c n g t r i n h
63
\ \ : w;l + TiAQ =0
trong Tlk l cc phn t ca ma trn truyn, xc nh gc xoay
v lc ct du tri . H phng trnh th hai c dng
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
V I"
m
ur1
Hnh 2.2.2
Hnh 2.2.3
WJ=WJ+1;
w-;t=w;'+
Qj+\ = Qj
vi
nt l vi cng ca l xo quay.
T iu kin trn ta rt ra c ma trn truyn ca mi ni mm
dng
Ui" = t o l / i ,
(2 .2 .8 )
trong
[RO)]
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
(2.2.9)
65
G i m m v k h i l n g t p t r u n g
- 0)2mj )W j.
Xt iu kin cn bng lc ti im ny ta dc
=Qj +(mj<2-kj)w;.
Cng vi iu kin lin tc ca chuyn v, gc xoav v mmen un ta c
u r ' = \ s ( jj\ u i ,
(2 .2 .10 )
tro n g
1
m;ci)2 - kJ
[SO )]
(2 .2 .11)
hp tng qut
=[T
j) p i ,
trong ma trn
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
(2.2.12)
)].
Tn s' tham gia vo ma trn truyn thng qua tham s"tn s'
4
PjFjto2
.
T i i m n t
p h a
tri
'
t a c h a i v c t t r n g t h i h a i p h a c a m i n i .
(I
K hiu
ur' = [B(j)]ui,j =
1,2 ......
N- 1 .
(2 .2 .13 )
- 1)T(N - 1 )B(2)7(2)B(l)T(l)]
(2.2.15)
c gi l ma trn truyn ca dm thay i tng khc vi mi ni
m m . H i n n h i n m a t r n n y p h . t h u c v o c c t h a m s" c a d m
tron g t n g on v cc th a m
sm i n i,
hay
[H ]= [H (,F , ,,p,,<0)],
= 0
? =0
tro n g
B(0) v B(N) l
cc m a tr n cp 2x4
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
(2.2.16)
67
(2 .2 .17 )
Kt
h p ( 2 . 2 . 1 4 ) vi i u k i n b i n ( 2 . 2 . 1 6 ) , t a n h n c p h n g
t r n h x c n h v c t t r n g t h i t i u t r i c a d m n h s a u
[B(N).H]Un=0 ;
[B (0 )] = 0 .
y l h 4 p h n g trn h tm 4 n
ul -
( 2 .2 .18 )
{w ^ ,
}r . D
d n g n h n t h y , h p h n g t r n h t h u n n h t c h c n g h i m
khc
k h n g n u n h t h c b n g 0, do v y
et
y l phng
trn h
B(0)
(2 .2 .19 )
s F ( ( 0, a , , . . . , c u ) = 0 .
.
tn sca dm. Cc
th am
sj
b i u
th cc tham
Dt r o n g
k h n g g ia n
R3 d n g
th i c n g l
im b t k c b iu d in qua vct ch u y n v n t v sa u nh cc
(2 .3 .1)
p l
v c t t i t r n g a v n t (g i t t l v c t t i t r n *
D.
to ra vc t chuyn v nt l t hp cc bc t do c lp.
4. Xt tng phn t nh mt vt th n hi vi mc ch thit lp
m i l i n h g i a t r n g t h i n g s u t b i n d n g b n t r o n g p h n t
a v nt.
6 . G h p n i c c m a t r n c a p h n t t r n c s c c l i n k t g i a c :
69
vuxgc c
h m n y x p x
ti t r n g
c h u y n v , b i n d n g v n g s u t
tro n g m i p h n t v m b o i u k i n li n t c c a c c tr n g n y
ti
cc b i n
g i a
cc p h n
t h u h n li n k n h a u .
G i t h i t t r n g c h u y n v t i c c i m b n t r o n g p h n t h u
h n c k h a i tri n d n g
{u(x,y,z)} =
[< K x ,y ,e ) ] {a } ,
(2 .3 .2 )
t r o n g [ ( x * > \ z )] l v c t c c h m c a t a c k h n g g i a n v !a ( l
v c t c c t h a m s c x c n h t c c i u k i n c h u y n v t i c c
i m n t c a p h n t. T i n t
b t k , v c t c c t h n h
p h n c h u y n v c d n g
{, } = { u ( x , , y, , z , )} =
tron g
{xifyuz,} l
[<j>(x,, , , 2 , )]{a} ,
t a c c i m n t. K h i u
{UJ l
v c t b a o g m
c c t h n h p h n c h u y n v {(/,} c a t t c c c n t n h n t , t a c
{tf, }= [<&]{},
(2.3.3)
t r o n g [ o ] l m a t r n c d n g
x29y2lz2)
M =
(xn1yn1zn)_
S th am
s {a }
t r o n g b i u t h c c a c c h m c h u y n v ( 2 . 3 . 2 ) p h i
b n g v i s b c t d o c a p h n t d m
h o m a t r n [O] l c
n g h ch o.
T d c t h b i u d i n tr n g c h u y n v q u a c c c h u y n v n t d n g
(2 .3 .4 )
vi
(2 .3 .5 )
K h i c h m d n g , t a x c n h c t r n g b i n d n g t r o n g p h n
t h u h n d n g
{e(.r,>',2 )}=
= [5 f (x,y,2)]{J
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
(2.3.6)
(2 .3 .7 )
J { er { }rfv = i
D'
(2.3.8)
J j E f [ / ) { EriV'
1 Df
(2.3.9)
V<=\{UJ[Ke]{Ut}
(2 .3 .10 )
vi c c m a t r n
[ ,]=
[K ,]=
J M r lp ,l[ N lr fV ':
( 2 .3 .11)
\{B,\DjB,)iV.
(2 .3 .12 )
M t k h c , v n g n n g v t h n n g c a c h b n g t n g n g
n n g v t h n n g c a t n g p h n t h u h n r i n g b i t n n n g n n g
v th nng ca c h bng
e
(9 *3 1
v = v e^ { u [ K e){ue}
e
v i
el
ch s c a p h n t h u h n
e.
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
71
K h i u [T,.] l m a t r n c h u y n i t h t a a p h n g c a p h n
t
e v
h t a t n g th . m th c c h t l m a t r n c s in c h p h n g
n i a c c t r c t o a p h n g g n l i n vi p h n t c t n h t r c g i a o ,
t c c m i l i n h vi v c t c h u y n v n t t n g t h { n h s a u
W
= [T,.]{t/}
[ ; = [ 7 ; n j .
(2 .3 .14 )
Khi c! ta c
T - \ M .
V =
>\Mp\:
( 2 .3 .15 )
K I r . ] V } = i( t f } T[-]}.
V e
t r o n g c c m a t r n k h i l n g v c n g t n g t h c a h c d n g
Ilr Jk Jr J
Cc m a
[*] = I t r T M r J .
(2.3.16)
t r n [M,.], [jFCJ c x c n h t r o n g ( 2 . 3 . 1 1 ) v ( 2 . 3 . 1 2 ) .
B y g i t a t n h c n g c a c c t i t r n g n g o i . N i c h u n g c c c l o i t i
t r n g s a u y t c d n g l n h : t i b m t t c d n g l n c c p h n t
{/s
/v (.vf . >y , , 2 J , / ) . N g o i r a , t r o n g c c l c k h i v m t t a t c h r i n g
thnh p h n
l v i v n
tc
As = I i{/-s }r M w )} rfS = X
S'
S'
= I J / ' s )r | W l s [ T , ] { ! d S = {Ps. } r { }
*
S'
vi v c t l c m t a v n t l
{ps } =
]jr J[T*4.
*
[NcI s {fs } dS .
C n g c a l c k h i
A v
\ \ f v }T { u ( x , y , z ) ] d V
= I
**
I
vt
= I
| { A ,} r [ iV ] { f } rfV
* S,
J / , ) V u n 1(}<V = ! / > , )
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
Ac
J{/r}r { i/ ( w ) } d S = - X
* Dc
| J r [ i V ] 7' [ C i. [ i V ) { ; J r f V =
e Dt
D'
c n g vi l c c n n h t a v n t b n g {p r } = [ C ] j | , t r o n g m a t r n
h S c n
Cui
{[/}.
( 2 .3 .17 )
2.1.1 M t s p h n t h u h a n t h n g d u n g
T a x t m t v i v d t r o n g v i c x y d n g c c m a t r n d c n g ,
A ch
l m v i c tro n g
t r n g th i k o n n . G i s m u n n hi c a v t li u l
phn
b l c
n g o i dc th eo t h a n h l
q(x,t). C h n
E v
m t
h a i c h u y n v
u>>
dc
+ >
H nh 2 .3 .1
CX
73
= 0
vi cc iu kin bin
!(0,O = /,(O
\ u { L j ) = U t)
u(Xt) =
1-
X
u ' * u
v xc nh c cc hm dng
(2.3.18)
Ma trn hnh hc B c dng
=
(5I
c
r 2
'
N
CX
[I
-1],
M,.=
L -1 1
[l 2 .
Lc quy v nt ca phn t c dng
P f(t)=
I.
(2.3.20)
Hnh 2.3.2
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
74
C c h m d n g c t m t v i c g i i p h n g t r n h
cAw(x,t)
EI
CX
= 0
vi c c d i u k i n b i n
Iw'(
V^v0_/,j)^ = Uu >2(t
; );
,
\w(L,t) = .)\ w'(L,t) = UA).
j w{
CX/V0 yt)
= L/
U(t);
I V /
N g h i m c a b i t o n b i n n u t r n c d n g
,( x ) = 1 - 3
X
L)
' x'
Ly
;
M a tr n h n h hc
: <>i
B=
4>4( a:) =
rf: 2
r: ()4
dx2
dx2 dx2 dx2
t [d] = EI . Cui c n g , m a t r n
h n g s v t l c a p h n
(2 .3 .2 1)
v m a trn
k h i ln:
v c n g p h n t c d n g
156
Mr = pAL
420
22
54
-13
E_l 6L
L -12
6L
c.
4L
13
12
22L
L
- 3L-
54
13
-13 L
-3L 2
156
-22
-22
(2 .3 .2 2 a )
4L:
6L
-12
6L
4L-
- 6L
2L
-6 L
12
-6 L
2L
- 6L
4L 2
(2 .3 .2 2 b )
ph n g. T ron g
k h n g g ia n c n p h i c d n g p h n t d m y hn. P h n t d m
b a c h i u l t h p c a p h n t t h a n h , h a i p h n t d m h a i c h i u v
p h n t x o n . C c p h n t t h a n h v d m c x y d n g t r n .
d y t r c k h i x y d n g p h n t d m b a c h i u , c h n g t a n i i li v
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
khng
g i a n c n p h a i x t c c h u y n d n g x o n c a (h im . V h n h t h c p h n g
trin h b i n d n g x o a n g i n g n h p h n g t r n h b i n d n g dc tr c , v
p h n g t r n h m t c h u y n d n g c n g c d n g
(%'
D o , n u d a v o h a i b c t d o l g c x o n c a t h a n h
h a i
u l
()., 0 : , t h c c h m d n g t n g n g vi b i n d n g x o n s c d n g
( 2 . 3 . 1 8 ) . K h i , t n g t n h t r n g h p d c t r c t r n t a c t h x y
( l n g c m a t r n k h i l n g v c n g c a p h n t x o n c d n g
GJX
L
-1
-1
B y gi t a c h u y n s a n g v i c x y d n g c c m a t r n k h i l n g v
c n g c a p h n t d m 3 c h i u . T a a v o c c b c t d o ( H n h 2 .3 .3 )
sau y:
UyMi c h u y n v dc t r c c a t h a n h hai u p h n t ;
u2Sc h u y n v u n ngang t h e o trc V hai u phn t;
UyyU. c h u y n v u n n g a n g t h e o t r c 2 h a i u p h n t ;
4 , 10 l g c x o n h a i u p h n t;
5 , M l c c g c x o a y
UbyU{2 l
h a i
u th a n h th eo q u a n h tr c y;
c c g c x o a y q u a n h t r c z.
Ay
11
H n h 2 . 3 . 3 . C h u y n v n t c a p h n t d m 3 c h i u
T a a v o k h i u cc hm d n g sa u y
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
+ l
p2 (x) = Pj(x) = 13|
\L J
L
( X \1) X 3
x - 2o
+
pj(x) = -p(x) = L
L
U J VL J
(2.3.24)
p,(*) = p,(x) = 3
*
p,i(x) = -p,2(jc) = L
-2
\L J
>
\
3*
UJ
v cc o hm ca hm dng
-S 2
-p =
p,
Thit lp cc ma trn
/
H(x) =
H(x) =
Pl
p7
p4
PlU
p2
Po
p8
Pl
,0
pj
Ps
p0
p.l
V,
P7
p4
p2
P*
tt
p8
Po
p9
rt
P.I
H
P\1
0
,0
0
(2 .3 /2 5 )
[E] =
(EF
GJX
EJZ
, 0
'
rpF
pJ x
pF
; [m] =
EJy>
"
pF t
l.
M t = H r (x)[m]H(x)dx;
I. _
K t = H T(x)[E}H(x)dx.
0
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
77
! 5ftp
0
0
0
420 7QF
156P
0
140/
22FL
0
0
0
0
0
0
22FL
0
54F
0
0
54F
0
0
70/,
UFL
- I.TL
-I3
FL
u
0
0
0
FI
0
I3FL
0
0
14QP
0
0
0
-3A7;
--3FL2
u
0
0
-1
FL
\0J
jrL/
5(F
0
0
156P
0
140/,
0 .
22FL
- .LF
TL,
- 22
FI
u0
L,
(2.3.26)
v ma trn cng /f(. ca phn t c dng nh (2.3,27). Hai ma trn
ny u i xng qua ng cho nn ta khng cn vit cc thnh
phn i xng. i vi khung khng gian th vic ghp ni cc ma
trn khi lng v cng phn t thnh cc ma trn tng ng ca
c h c tin hnh Iih trnh by phn chung nu trn.
F
L
0
12EJ,
12
EJ
V
0
0
0
L
0
0
^
0
12EJ,
------ T-1
L'
0
0
0
^
L:
0
-
EJ
^
GJ
L
EJ,
4
^
()
12EJ.
L'
0 - ^
6EJ,
0EJ.
7
GJ.
0
L
- - .
.*
_
bEJ
2EJ
I2J.
0
0
I2EJ
L'
0
^
0
0
OEJ
G/.
L
0
4EJ
(2.3.27)
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
78
2.3.4 Mt s v d
a)
Dm cng xn c h u
(Oxy) vi
un tron g m t p h n g
u t r i b
n g n i c h t v u p h i t (lo. K h i / j = t / 2 = 0 v h a i b c t clo cn
l i l c h u y n v n g a n g v g c x o a y t i u p h i , k h i u
U:%
(t),U) .
T c c m a t r n k h i l n g v c n g ( 2 .3 .2 2 ) c a d m 2 c h i u , k h
c c h n g v c t t n g n g vi b c t d o
U2=
U =
0 , t a t h u c m a
t r n k h i l n g v c n g c a d m c n g x n
M . "FL
420
-22 L :K -
-22 L
4V
L
15 6
L
- 6 L 4 L12
-6
P h n g t r n h t n s" d a o n g r i n g c d n g
\k - c o : A f J| s
L
det-
- 3
-3
-X
78
-11
- 11
L]1
U o
vi c c k h i u
3 p
FV
0)
'4 2 0
420/
Eli
pF
h a y n g i n l
35X 2 - 102X + 3 = 0 .
P h n g t r n h c u i c h o t a h a i n g h i m , = 0 .0 2 9 4 7 ,
k2 = 2 18 8 5 , t
t h t n h c h a i t n s ' b n g
(0, = 3 . 5 3 2 7
EI
p FV
Ci>2 = 3 4 .8 0 6 9
El
FL4 *
CD, = 2 2 .0 3 4
E1
F
S o vi n g h i m g i i t c h
(O = 3 . 5 1 6
pF
t a t h y n g h i m u t i n c c h n h x c t n g i tt, cn n g h i m th
h a i c s a i s* ln. l d o t r o n g v d t r n t a x e m d m c n g x n c h l
m t p h n t h u h n . K h i c h i a d m c n g x n t h n h n h i u p h n t
n h h n t h k t q u t n h t n s " s t c c h n h x c c a o h n . i u
n y c m i n h h a b n g
b)
st r o n g v
V d khung khnggian s
d 1 c a m c ( 2 . 4 . 4 . a ) d i d y .
c x e m x t t r o n g p h n p d n g m y
t n h i n t v o p h n t c h n g l c h c c n g t r n h ( 2 .4 .4 .b ) .
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79
2.4 P h n g p h p m a t r n c n g n g
P h n g p h p p h n t h u h n ( P T H H ) , d c t r n h b y t m t t
g\
s c
i m ri n g b i t c a n.
2.4. K h i n i m m a t r n c n g n g
= P(t)
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80
c d n g
y l m a t r n h m
k(() = -a2M+i(C+ K .
c a t n s v p h t h u c t u y n
tn h v o c c m a
sc h o La m a
ma trn cng tnh
c n g h a l m a t r n c n g n g t i g i t r gic c a t n
t r n c n g t h n g th n g m t y t a g i l
K0 vi eh
di. Nu
s 0
xt
tron g
m i n
tn
s,
t c
g i
(co), P(co) l b i n p h c c a c h u y n v v t i t r n g , t h t a c q u a n
h
k ( ) ( to) = p.(a>).
(2 .4 .1)
y c h n h l m i l i n h g i a l c t c d n g v c h u y n v b i u d i n b n
K(()
gi
ma
trn
cng
ng
cho
kt
cu,
cn
K(0))
v v c t
P(().
E, p, A, L. G i
U2. T r n g c h u y n
s t i h a i n t
X= 0,x = L
c c h u n v l
v t n h c a t h a n h c d n g q u e n t h u c
u(x) = c + c,x .
D dng nhn thy
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uI,
81
..II
..
( L ) ~ c Kt
2 -U.
c0 = u(h0) =
/, , c,
=u
= U
Nh vy ta s c
V
- , ),
p, J
-1
u'\
2J
v khi ma trn
EA
-1
-1
p\ EAx -1 -!' A
\ u
K
' 1
Pr.
E2A2
L,
1
-1
-1
1
u2
Uy
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_
__
ex
a
(2.4.2)
Rc 3. G h p
83
ni m a t r n (i c n g n g v v c t t i t r n g c h o t t c
c c p h n t b n g c c h c h u y n p h n g t r n h ( 2 . 4 . 2 ) v h t o a t n g
t h v c n b n g t t c c c l c n t , t h o m n c c i u k i n b i n . C u i
c n g ta d c p h n g t r n h ( 2 . 4 . 1 ) vi
Khc
(2 .4 .3)
n g u y n l
n n g l n g d t h i t l p p h n g t r n h c h u y n n g , q u y t r n h c a
p h n g p h p m a t r n c n g n g t n g t n h p h n g p h p
c n g t r o n g c h c k t c u . T u y n h i n , k t q u g h p n c c m a t r n
c n g n g p h n t t h n h m a t r n c n g n g t n g t h c h o c k t
c u c n g g i n g n h tro n g ph n g p h p P T H H . c b i t l ngi ta
c n c h n g m i n h c r n g , m a t r n c n g v m a t r n k h i l n g
c a P h n g p h p P T H H c t h n h n c m t c c h d d n g t m a
t r n c n g n g . i u n y s c t h y r t r o n g c c t r n g h p c
th sau .
j = Xj ~Xj_
E, m t
( h n h v 2 . 4 . 1 ) c h u m t t i p h n b'
Q(x, t).
Un
* X
EF d2U(x,t)
VX2
tro n g
*U(x,t)
x2dt
Q(x,t) = p F
l h s c n nh t c a v t li u ,
d2U(xyt)
dU{x,t)
+ H
t
dt2
X l
h s c n c a m i
tr n g.
B n g cch t:
u{xyc)v q(x,) l
b i n c a c h u y n V d c t r c v t i t r n g d c
t r n t h a n h , t a th u c p h n g t r n h
d 2/(jc,co)
4-
X2u(xy0)) = q(x,<) ,
dx2
t r o n g
~
q(x,<). , 2 , -hpq
= ----- . _ ; = b
F
s n g
l th a m
U
(!)
:i2 =
-1
l c h c (co l t n s' v n g - r a d / g i y ) v
= JE(l + ija,to)
l m o u n n hi ph c,
h iu
E nh
di
y cho d th eo di ta v n d n g k
k h i k h n g c c n .
C h u y n v d c t r c t n g q u t c d n g
u(x) - A s i n Xx + B COS Xx +
1
-- j s i n
^ 0
X(x - z)q(xJ
+ 1 ,(0 ) r i i
t r o n g
B l
cc h n g s"ph th u c v o cc i u k i n h a i u n t.
G i s c c c h u y n v n t l
uyA v Upc c
l c u p h n t l
NJ
C c i u k i n b i n s l
u( xj _) = UH \
u(Xj) = Uj\
-EF du
dx
du
EF
x
= Nr
T c c i u k i n n y t a c m li n h
COS X
V
XEFs i n M
-(\EF)~]sin Xj' ( UH
- COS X .
J
/
trong k hiu
q} =
js in
0
r
x)q(Xj_, + T,i))dt;
q'j =
J c o s X .( J - T)(jCj.| + T,co)dT.
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1I M
(2AA)
85
(N J>
[ N;
0 /
/JF CSC)J
- CSC)J ,) / u, . \
+
cot X( / u > J y~kEF cotX j 1
cot X
= XEF\
{ - CSCXIJ
vi cc k hiu
cot. z =
COS2
sin 2
dng n h n
th y khi
kcscXP
XcotXP
X cot )J
XcscX(
).EF CSC\ f t
- K E Fcotkij
cho tn
s"CD t i n
(2 .4 .5 )
0, m a t r n
c n g
ng
c h o t a m a t r n c n g n h n c b n g p h n g p h p P T H H c a
phn t t h a n h
tro n g cng t
hc ( 2 . 3 . 1 9 ) ,
hay
EF
=lim
/T((i>)
=
J oj'Vo J
K ()
-1
-1
Ty
n3
n4
G
n
u2
Hnh 2.4.2
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(x,t)
*w(xft)
E1 dAw
CV
4
X
^1 xAt
+ p
dw
A d2w
t*+l2t
t r o n g m l h s c n n h t c a v t l i u , Ji2 l h s c n c a m i
tr ng.
B n g cch t:
vi ( x , 0)) v
trn g n g an g
t r n t h a n h , t a th u c p h n g t r n h
d*O(x,o:>)
dxA
(2.4.6)
- 40 ( * , 6 ) ) = ( x , ( o ) ,
t r o n g
q(Xyco)V =
K4 - (O2 pA
I
(*,co)
;
1-
Ijh
(
l t h a m s n g l c h c ((1) l t n s" v n g - r a d / g i y ) , n u
X=
0 t c
(0 = 0 t a c t r n g h p b i n d n g t n h , v i (0 * 0 t h O(x,co) l b i n
c h u y n v n g v
- Ez(1 + tj!(o)
l m o u n n h i p h c , d i y c h o d t h e o d i t a v n d n g k
h iu
E nh
k h i k h n g c c n .
a vo cc ch u yn v n t nh sau
, = 0 (0 ) ;
U,
= O '( o ) ;
u,=
K h i t a c v c t t o s u y r n g
j)\lt =
O '( 0
U={UUu. Ui, / , } T. n g o i
ra , ta
a v o c c l c n t s a u y
Nt = EI: " ( 0 ) ;
n \ = -E I t0 '( 0);
n
]= - E i ]0
[Nt = EI
l v c
"(,);
j)
t l c u n t . B n c h t c h c c a c c l c
Nvu
tro n g H n h 2 .4 .2 .
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c I11 t
87
K h i , t a c n g h i m t n g q u i c a p h n g t r n h
vi
e [ 0 . (] v
V n \TT
. , ,
0 ( a ' ) = K , (/JC),
/ , ( . t ) : / \ ( x ) : / f 3 (.t):
jc)
u2+-K,
- Af|
K 4(?jc) K 3 ()jc)
- iV ,,
7,
/A 5
l n h n g h m K r l v a v o t r n .
N g o i r a a v o c c h m s"
\ ^j ) = 7T ]K(Cj -x)](t,to)rfT;
2W
j )
= -r
-t)](t,(0)ct;
q 3 j ) = - E I K j - x ) ] ( T , ( 0 )dx;
0
q 4 j )
E I '}
J-K"2 [x.( f j
T)](T, 0 ))dT
v v c t
{9 } =
fa(f-j)><(t
j)} >j =
1 ,2
,...,n+ 1
K h i t h e o p h n g p h p m a t r n t r u y n t a c
ut
= [T\ U, >+
N,
( 2 .4 .7 )
N,
t r o n g m a t r n
Kx(Uj)
r'K2(Xj)
XK4(M,)
K,(X( :)
X E I K ( M j )
tfE I'K jW j)
KAWj)
EI^
K3ij)
- X E L K ^ M
K^Xij)
EIX
K2(Uj )
E IX
j )
l E I t K t (kf.j)
- K
r
E I t\
t( k t j )
' K 2( \
K , ( X ( j )
- K , ( U j )
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[Kj (co)]{} + [ G ] { }
trong
=k,
rk \ K tK 2 - K , K , )
U C-K tK ,)
- k sK :
};K t
X \ K ; - K,K,)
U K 2K< - K tK t )
-}.2k
kK4
- k'K,
- ):K }
k! K }
}JK4
XiK.K^K) MK.Ky-K^,))
(2.4.8)
;...g -
K , = V , ( M y ).
K -K ,K .
vi
6L
-12
L 4L2
-6 L
12
[*]=
-12
-6 L
12
6L
2L2
-6 L
/ 156 22L
pAL 22L 4L2
420 54
13L
-13L -3L2
54
6L N
2L-6 L
4L2 ,
- 1 3L N
13L
-3 L 2
156
-22 L
-22L
4L2
D'\ >"I
D Ly
DI d::: J
[0 ,]=
D" D 129
K D
^ 11
M a t r n p h n t d m h a i c h i u t r o n g m t p h n g X O Y c k h i u l
Di
Dy
22 D;,
D dI dI
D D-l
K
M -
Dy
14
Dy
Dy
34
DL
44
N N,
N:
u .
u2
u.
gi, t a
x c n h m a t r n c n g d n g c h o p h n t 'd m h a i
ch i u tro n g m t p h n g
XOZ. T r c
h t , t a c t h t c h c c b c t do
c a p h n t n y t p h n t d m b a c h i u m t t r o n g H n h 2 . 3 . 3 v
t a c p h n t d m h a i c h i u t r o n g m t p h n g
XOZ t r o n g
H n h
2 . 4 . 3 . S o v i p h n t d m h a i c h i u c m t t r o n g H n h 2 . 4 . 2 , t a
t h y i vi p h n t cui h a i m m e n h a i u v h a i gc x o a y h a i
u c d u n g c l i . V v y , c t h c h n g m i n h c m a t r n c n g
n g c a p h n t d m t r o n g m t p h n g
XOZ n h n
c t m a t r n
c n g n g c a p h n t d m t r o n g m t p h n g X O y b n g c c h t h a y
v o ch m m e n q u n tn h m t c t
I2b n g ly v
n h n t h e o h a i p h a vi
m a tr n d u nh sau:
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90
vi
[c]=[c]-' =
-1
-1
Cu cng ta c ma trn
~DX
d ;:
D;<
r ) V - D y
^1 1
12
l
Dl
DI
D1
y3
-D
7)'V l
[D ,]Dy - D
D r_
^34y
- D y D 44y J
D I d ;: DU D l
D
ng thi, cng nh phng php phn t hu hn ta c ma trn
cng ng ca phn t dm ba chiu dng
K
,
D=
Dy
Dy
Dl
D a
- D 2y1 D1
- D :
l
I
D
lJ\\
D,
Dk
D
L/Jty
Dy
D3
y3
D'n
D29
D.
d :2
Dl
Dl
Dy
D
^42y
Dy
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91
c h i u d i L = 0 . 2 5 (m ),
t i t d i n n g a n g F = 0 . 0 2 X 0 . 0 1 ( m 2),
m t k h i p = 7 8 2 7 . 1 0 1 1 ( k g / m 3),
m u n n h i E = 1 . 9 9 9 x l 0 11 (N /m ), v h s P o i s s o n 0 = 0 . 3 .
K t q u t n h t o n 1 0 t n s" r i n g u t i n ( r a d / s ) c a d m c n g
x n n u t r n b n g D I A L A B , S A P 2 0 0 0 v so s n h v i n g h i m g i i t c h
c c h o t r o n g B n g 2 . 4 . 1 . N h n v o b n g t a t h y i v i d m n h i
p h n g p h p m a t r n c n g n g c h o k t q u t r n g v i n g h i m g i i
t c h ( s a i s" x p x 0 . 0 1 % ) . S o vi p h n g p h p P T H H , c s a i
s c n g
l n i v i c c t n s' c n g c a o ( t n s' t h 1 0 c t h l n n t r n 6 % ) ,
th p h n g p h p m a t r n c n g n g c h n h x c h n n h i u .
Bng 2.4.1.
TS
ANAL
D IA L A B
ERRO R
SAP2000
ERROR
8 .2 0 7 9
8 .2 0 7 0 3 1
0 .0 10 5 9 %
8 .16 9 4
0 .4 7 13 %
16 .4 15
16 .4 14 0 6
0 .0 0 5 7 3%
16 .3 3 8
0 .4 6 8 8 %
5 1.4 3 5
5 1.4 3 2 5 8
0 .0 0 4 7 0 %
5 0 .6 2 5
1.6 0 0 8 %
10 2 .8 7
10 2 .8 6 5 2
0 .0 0 4 7 0 %
10 1.2 3
-1.6 2 11%
14 4 .0 2
14 4 .0 12 7
0 .0 0 5 0 6 %
14 0 .3 2
2 .6 3 8 4 %
2 8 2 .2 3
2 8 2 .2 0 7 4
0 .0 0 7 9 9 %
2 7 2 .0 6
3 .7 3 7 2 %
2 8 8 .0 3
2 8 8 .0 2 5 4
0 .0 0 15 9 %
2 8 0 .5 0
2 .6 8 4 2 %
4 6 6 .5 9
4 6 6 .5 0 9 1
0 .0 17 3 3 %
4 4 4 .6 5
4 .9 3 5 1%
5 6 4 .4 3
564.4149
0 .0 0 2 6 8 %
5 4 3 .2 6
3 .8 9 6 3 %
10
6 9 6 .9 5
6 9 6 .8 8 3 9
0 .0 0 9 4 9 %
6 5 5 .0 7
6 .3 9 2 9 %
b) Khung khnggian
X t m t k h u n g k h n g g i a n c c h t o v t h n g h i m [ 1 4 ] .
C c t n s o c a k h u n g t r o n g b n g 2 . 4 . 2 c c h o c t c u i c n g .
K t q u tn h to n b n g D I A L A B (ph ng p h p m a t r n c n g n g)
v S A P 2 0 0 0 ( p h n g p h p P T H H ) v i k h u n g c so s n h v i
thc n g h i m
( B n g 2 .4 .2 ) ch o t h y , tro n g tr n g h p n y p h n g
p h p m a tr n c n g n g v n cho n g h i m c h n h x c hn p h n g
php P T H H
r t n h i u . S a i s" c a D I A L A B n i c h u n g l d i 1 % ,
t r o n g k h i S A P 2 0 0 0 c s a i s" g n 1 0 % . N h n g k t q u n y c n g
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gi
nu.
Bng 2.4.2.
Tn
D M .L A B
S A I S
SAP2000
(Hz)
(%)
(Hz)
10 .8 117
0 .8 10 1%
10 .5 14 1
..................
15 .8 112
1.3 5 3 8 %
17 .7 5 0 6
4
5
6
ry
8
,t
S A I S (%) T h c n g h i m
(H z)
3 .5 4 0 %
10 .9
15 .6 9 5 8
0 .6 14 %
15 .6
0 .8 5 5 7 %
17 .5 4 7 3
0 .2 9 9 %
17 .6
3 2 .7 2 0 7
0 .6 7 9 1%
3 1.9 2 2 7
1.7 7 6 %
3 2 .5
5 1.19 4 6
i.5 7 6 6 %
4 5 .7 0 3 6
9 .3 18 %
5 0 .4
6 4 .7 4 3 7
0 .5 4 7 3 %
6 1.4 7 2 3
5 .5 7 3 %
6 5 .1
6 8 .6 8 2 8
0.5605%
6 5 .8 9 0 6
3.528%
79.5393
0 .2 0 16 %
7 3 .10 7 5
8 .2 7 2 %
7 9 .7
8 .8 19 %
94
8 .2 2 0 %
9 6 .4
r
9
9 3 .6 7 7 1
0.3435%
....................
8 5 .7 10 3
10
95.6737
0 .7 5 3 4 %
8 8 .4 7 6 0
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6 8 .3
.........
93
a) S lc v SAP 2000
S A P 2 0 0 0 (Structural A n a ly sis Program) l p h n m m p h n t c h k t
c u b n g p h n g p h p P T H H , c p h t t r i n t S A P 9 0 . C h n g
t r n h S A P 2 0 0 0 l p h i n b n u t i n c a S A P h o n t h i n v i c t c h
h p c n g v i p h n m m W i n d o w s . T h m n h u t i n c a S A P 2 0 0 0
l g ia o d i n h o c n g v i v i c t o r a m h n h , th c h i n q u t r n h
p h a n t c h , k i m t r a v t i u h o t r o n g t h i t k , u c t h c h i n
t r n c n g m t g ia o d in . K h n n g p h n tc h c a c h n g t r n h c n g
l m t t h m n h , c b s u n g k t q u n g h i n c u g n y n h t c a
k t h u t s . S o v i S A P 9 0 , S A P 2 0 0 0 c t h m p h n t p h i t u y n v
c k h n n g k i m t r a , ti u h o t r o n g v n t h i t k .
H i n n a y c 3 d n g c h n g t r n h S A P 2 0 0 0
(S A P 2000 E, S A P
2 0 0 0 P L U S , S A P 2 0 0 0 N o n lin e a r ) c n g s d n g m t d n g g ia o d i n
h a , n h n g t n h n n g c a m i c h n g t r n h k h c n h a u . L n l t l
P h i n b n d n g t r o n g v i c g i n g d y ; ti p n l th h i n mi c a
S A P 90; cu i c n g , S A P 2 0 0 0 N o n lin e a r , l p h i n b n m r n g c a
S A P 2 0 0 0 P L U S c th m p h n t p h i t u y n .
S A P 2 0 0 0 t n h to n v p h n tc h ch o 6 lo i p h n t c h n h : P h n
t t h a n h h a i n t F R A M E ;
P h n t t m , v, v m n g 3 c h i u 3 ,4 h o c
8 n t S H E L L ; P h n t p h n g b a c h i u 4 n t P L A T E ; P h n t k h i
h a i c h i u 3 n 9 n t A S O L I ; P h n t k h i b a c h i u x c n h t h n g
(Draw/Edit Grid
c h o t h a m s t h e o
c c t r c X , Y , Z '). M t t n h c h t c a S A P 2 0 0 0 t r o n g v n t o m
h n h m ng i s d n g c n c h , l k h n n g p h t s in h . i v i
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
trn mi trng MS-DOS. Trc khi phn tch ta cn phi chn kiu
p h n t c h v a r a k t q u . i u n y l r t c n t h i t , n h t l i vi
kt
cu
n h i u
h p
t i.
Thc
h in
l a
chn
thng
qua
Analysis/Set Options . Sau khi la chn kiu phn tch thch hp,
ta thc hin phn tch bi ton Analysis/Run. Trong khi chng
t r n h th c h i n p h n tc h , t a c t h n h n q u t r n h p h n t c h t r n
m n h n h , v k h i ch n g t r n h th c h i n p h n tc h x o n g t a c t h x e m
t r c t i p b o l i c a c h n g t r n h d o t a c t h c h n h s a l i c a b i
ton.
P h n h i n t h c a S A P 2 0 0 0 r t t i n c h , b a o g m v i c k i m t r a
m h n h v h i n th k t q u p h n tc h . K i m t r a m h n h t h i t l p
l k h u h t s c q u a n t r n g v c n t h i t i v i n g i s d n g , t r n h
n h n g s a i s t c h o q u t r n h p h n t c h . M h n h c t h c k i m t r a
sl i u t h n g q u a c c l n h : Display!Show
Underformed Shape, Show Load, Show Input Tables i vi
v m t h n h hc c n g n h
S A P 9 0 s a u k h i th c h i n p h n tc h , m u n h i n th k t q u p h i th c
h i n q u a m t c h n g t r n h k h c v v i c h i n th k h n g n g i n .
S A P 2 0 0 0 c h o p h p h i n th tr n g ia o d i n h a v v i c h i n th k t
q u n y t h h i n s t i n ch c a ch n g t r n h . C h n g t r n h c h o p h p
h i n t h t t c c c c t r n g c h c c a k t c u c n g n h c a p h n t:
C c d n g d a o n g ri n g , b i n d n g c a k t c u ;
C h u y n v c a nt;
C c c t r n g s c b n c a p h n t ( n i l c, n g su a 't ) ; n g n h
hng .
p h n p h n tc h p h i t u y n c h o p h n t p h i t u y n .
N g o i p h n p h n t c h t n h q u e n t h u c , p h n p h n t c h n g l c h c
c a S A P 2 0 0 0 g m b a lo i:
a n a l y s is fo r v ib r a t io n m od es)
c h i u l p h n tc h d a o n g r i n g c a k t c u . K t q u c a b i
t o n n y l d n g d a o n g v t n s" r i n g c a k t c u . C c d n g d a o
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95
n g t h h i n n g x ( a k t c u , c h n g c n g c s d n g l n n
t a n g c h o p h n t c h ph p h n n g ( r e s p o n s e s p e c t r u m ) v m i n th i
g ia n (tim e h isto r y ). T r o n g S A P 2 0 0 0 s d n g h a i t h u t t o n R i t z v e c t o r
v
E ig e n v e c to r
Ritzvector c h o
phn
tc h
dng
dao
ng
ri n g .
ton
p h p tn h to n x p x tr r i n g v v e c to r r i n g th e o
Eigenvector l v i c g i i
Xl c c g i t r r i n g v
Thut
(K - M)<>= 0 ,
t r o n g
b i to n tr
o
l v ecto r
r i n g b n g p h n g p h p n h th c h o c k h n g g ia n con t u t h e o k c h
thc b i to n .
v i c tm p h n
n g c a k t c u ( c h u y n v v n i l c) di t c n g c a t i t r n g b t
k . P h n g p h p c h y u l ch n g c h t d n g d a o n g t c t r n h b y
tr o n g ch n g 1 cho ph ng trn h
g i i ph n g trn h
p h p h n n g t h e o n g h a c t r n h b y t r o n g c h n g 3 . P h
p h n n g n g t r o n g t r n g h p n y k h n g p h i l b i n p h c c a
c h u y n v , n i l c n h t r n h b y t r o n g p h n p h n g p h p m a t r n
c n g n g . V i c p h n tch p h p h n n g n g c a k t c u c n g
t r n h n g t h e o n g h a c a n c t r n h b y d i y , s a u p h n m i n h
ha s d n g S A P 2000.
2 .5 .1.
K h u n g b a o g m 8 p h n t d m (4 c t v 4 t h a n h g i n g ) v 8 n t ,
E = 2 . 4 8 2 . 1 0 l0N / m 2, p = 2 4 0 0 k g / m 3, v = 0 . 2
ti t d i n
A = 0 . 2 5 x 0 . 2 5 m 2. C h i u d i c a c c c t 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 v t h a n h g i n g 5 , 6
b n g 2 m . C c t h a n h cn l i 7 v 8 c c h i u d i 2 .5 m .
T a n g h i n cu b i to n dao ng ri n g v p h n n g th i g ia n c a k t
c u d i t c d n g c a t i t r n g p = 1 0 0 0 s i n t (N ) t t i n t 2 , t h e o
p h n g c a p h n t 5.
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
M o d e l v chn cc
t h a m s" n h d n g h t r c v li p h n c h i a d a t h e o m h n h k t
cu.
E SAP7000 testl ;
f x;\fry' f'n
E* View Define Draw Select Asan Anaiyre Display Design Options Help
D la ilH l
o
M
II
/I
&\
- I ~\M
iiS !u jiL 3
3-dI xy I y ft,
?W |E
ol
L
.....
>s
.-V..............
<
Y
A
C7
-Q
s
0
ffl
' I
M,
I * v fw a H K
[S m
Hnh 2.5.2
C c th am
sc a
m h n h c t h h i n t r n c a s , c t h l
Ti liu ny c lu tr ti http://tailieuxd.com/
VJl
liislkrf
ISX-PU.
V w"1
mk
7 fi W
t _______ V________ ;
1________ ^
---------- >
41 1-- 1 1
97
- 5t
__
Nm
Hnh 2.5.2
C c t h a m s c a m h n h c t h h i n t r n c a s , c t h l
Isotropic\
K h i l n g r i n g
T r n g l n g
C c t h a m s" k h c c h n m c n h n h h s d n n n h i t , m u n
tr t.
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Section / Modify
To (v) phn t trn giao din Draw > Frame hoc Draw >
Quick draw Frame (Hnh 2.5.2)
G n c t r n g m t c t c h o p h n t
Assign>Frame>Section.
N u k t c u c h c m t l o i t i t d i n t h c h n g t r n h m c n h
con
tr
nh
Assign!Joint/Restraints
du
cc
nt
1,3 ,5 ,7
ri
chn
s h i n l n c a s c h o p h p t a l a c h n
r n g bu c th eo h a i c c h : th n h t l n h d u v o c c h n c h
b c t d o h o c c h n b i u t n g g m 4 l o i n g m , g i, t a v t do. K t
q u cc n t 1 ,3 ,5 ,7 l n g m ch t.
v o n t 2 th eo phng X,
d c t c h t h n h 2 t h n h p h n : h m c a k h n g g i a n v h m c a th i
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99
Hc 6. Phn tchdaodng
i u d u t i n l ch n k i u b i t o n p h n t c h , c t h c h i n
Analsis/Run(hoc F5).
Bc 7. Hin th kt quphn tch.
a) Xem cc dng dao ng ring
Display/Show Mode Shape.
th c
h in
nh
( l i h i n t h ;
(m od e)
s h i u d n g d a o n g c n h i n t h ;
dng m k t c u c h a b i n d n g ....
T r n h n h v d n g r i n g c k m t h e o c h u k t n g n g c a n . N h n g
n u m u n x e m g i tr cc t n s r i n g n g th i ta p h i v o file k t
.out v l y r a b n g g i t r t n s " n h t r o n g b n g 2 . 5 . 1 .
b) Biu din kt qu phn tch p ng b n g v i c c h n Display!
Show Time History Traces. B i u d i n t h c a h m t i t r n g ,
c h u y n v , v n t c ., t h e o h m th i g i a n : Fit) vs t h o c g i a c c h m
vi n h a u : F(t)
S F{t). y c n k h a i b o Time range- m i n t h i
g i a n b i u d i n ; Axis range override - m i n g i t r b i u d i n t r n
t r c ; Define Function - c h i n h h m c n b i u d i n ; Line Option c h n h n g c o n g t h h i n ; Line Color - c h i n h m u c a n g
c o n g t h h i n ; Scale Factor h s p h n g d i n g c o n g t h h i n ;
Axis Labels - g h i c h t r n c c t r c t o .
qu
Disp, v n
t c -
h n h t h c k h c n h a u ) h o c l c c n g l x o
Reaction).
Vel, g i a t c Accel v i
- Spring Force, p h n
cc
l c
b n g C om p on en t.
Axial Force -
l c d c t r c ,
Shear 2-2
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Shear 3-3 t h e o
c c m t c t , c c m m e n x o n v u n . B i u
c h i n r a n g a y b n c n h .
Bng2.5.1.
D a n g d ao
ng
C h u k
T n s vng
T n s gc
(T IM E )
(C Y C L /T IM E )
(R A D /T IM E )**2
0 .0 5 0 112
19 .9 5 5 2 0 7
12 5 .3 8 2 2 6 4
0 .0 4 8 8 2 9
2 0 .4 7 9 5 6 9
12 8 .6 7 6 9 2 5
0 .0 4 5 17 5
2 2 .13 6 3 1
13 9 .0 8 6 5 3 7
0 .0 2 7 5 0 1
36 .3 6 2 8 7 6
2 2 8 .4 7 4 6 9
0 .0 0 4 9 8 1
2 0 0 .7 5 14 6 4
12 6 1.3 5 9
0 .0 0 4 9 6 4
2 0 1.4 6 2 3 6 1
12 6 5 .8 2 5
r
7
0 .0 0 4 9 5 1
2 0 1.9 6 4 5 2 7
12 6 8 .9 8 1
0 .0 0 4 9 2 7
2 0 2 .9 7 4 334
12 7 5 .3 2 5
0 .0 0 3 9 2 9
2 5 4 .4 9 6 0 13
15 9 9 .0 4 6
10
0 .0 0 3 9 17
2 5 5 .3 0 0 0 14
16 0 4 .0 9 7
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101
Chng 3
MT
S BI TON THC
T'
1
CA NG
L c HC
CNG TRNH
X
L
Hnh 3 . 1 . 1 .
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l v n g c a d m ,
(x) l h m ir c .
i u k i n b i n c d n g
W (0 ,0 =
N h t r o n g p h n 1 . 5 . 2 t a x c n h c t n s' v d n g d a o d n g
r i n g c a d m g i t a n g i n b n g
Cj s i n jvc/L ; Cj -
V 2/L,
jn
pF
N u tm n g h i m p h n g t rn h ( 3 . 1 . 1 ) d n g
W(x,t)
j(x ) ,
t a s c c c p h n g t r n h t m t a s u y r n g
qn h
sau
ij j + 2 h J q J + ( ) q = p s i n ( v j t + < P ; ) ,
(3 .1.2 )
tr o n g
u
Po
j=
_ i TO(i
= pFVL
L ' 9'
T n g h i m d n g (sa u k h i d a o n g r i n g t t) c a p h n g trin h
( 3 .1.2 ) l
q {t) =
Po s i n ( V
+ <p, - e , )
^(co} - v} ) 2 + 4hj2v2j
2h V J
0 ; = arctan
5-v5
C u i c n g v n g n g l c h c c a d m s b n g
(3 ,1.3 )
p
+ 4 A> 5
T i m s h e n k c h r a c r n g n u t i t r n g n g y n t i v t r Xo
t h c h u y n v t n h c a d m s c x c n h t c n g t h c ( 3 . 1 . 3 ) b n g
c c h t h a y v o v n tc
w0(x) =
V=
0. K h i
jJ
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(3.1.4)
103
T r o n g v i c n g h i n c u n g l c h c c u , n g i t a q u a n t m n h i u n
h s d n g l c h c , c x c n h m t c c h g i i t c h b n g t s"
W(.Y,0 - W 0( x )
^
w(x)
hay
W(x,t)
= (1 + i()W0(x ) .
D o d b i u t h c t n g q u t c a h s d n g l c h c c d n g
, .
I+ M
_ W (X ,)
= =
2&in(jnx/L)sii(vjt +j -Qj)
// 2
2 \2 AU
- -
w.(x)
'
v (t " v ) + 4 * ; v
------------------------- ------------------- - .
(L jn)* sii(jnx/L)sin(jixILj)
,0 1 C S
(3 .1.5 )
1+ prrf = - = = = , - i - - -------------Vo -
(3.1.6)
Y ) 2 + 4 / r y 2 sin(7Lr0 / L)
vL
y - a{n
C n g th c cu i ch o th y :
H s n g k h n g x c n h t i c c u d m v n h n g i tr nh
n h t ti v t r g i a d m .
i vi v n t c
ca
ti tr n g th h
s" n g
l n n h t k h i
V =
Li
H s n g c t h x c n h c n u b i t t n s d a o n g r i n g v
h s 'c n c a d m .
K t l u n c u i c n g h a t h c t r t c a o , b i v x c n h h s
dng t h c
t c a d m c u k h n g n h t th i t p h i th t i tn h v ng,
m c t h b n g c c h o t n s" r i n g v h s c n c a n l .
N g o i h s" n g n u t r n , t r o n g t h c t c n p h i q u a n t m n
h i n t n g c n g h n g c a c u x y r a d o tic c a p h u n g t i n g i a o
th n g di tr n c u . T h e o c n g th c ( 3 .1 .3 ) ta t h y b i n d a o n g c a
d m c u s r t l n n u v n tc c a t i t r n g g n vi m t t r o n g c c t n
s' d a o n g r i n g ( c n g h n g ) , t c l k h i
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T r o n g t h c t k h n g x y r a c n g h n g , v n t c c a p h n g t i n
g i a o t h n g t r n c u k h n g c v t q u gii h n
(3 .1.7 )
R r n g l c u c n g c n g v c n g n g n t h v n t c g i i h n c n g c a o .
C u c n g n n g t h v n tc c h o p h p c n g b . y c h n g t a k h n g
x t n h i u n g t c c n g c a g i , t r o n g v i t r n g h p c t h c n g
d n n c n g h n g l m n g u y h i m c h o c u . T r o n g t h c t , c t h
q u y n h t c c h o p h p i vi m t c u c t h , c n p h i t n h n
n h i u y u t" k h c n a n h t c n g c a g i , c a n h u p h n g t i n
c n g m t l c v c h s a n t o n n o . V t h tc c h o p h p t h c
t n h h n n h i u s o vi t c t n h c t c n g t h c ( 3 . 1 . 7 ) .
M t i u ] t h n a k h i n g h i n c u n g l c h c d m c u l
h in t ng
cng hngchm s a u
y. T h eo (3 .1.3 ), ch u k dao ng
cng bc c a d m c u b n g
T
tron g
T l
2n 2L 2 m
(3 .1.8 )
th i g i a n t i t r n g i h t c h i u d i d m c u . i vi
d n g d a o n g t h n h t , k h i t i t r n g i h t c h i u d i d m c u th
d a o n g c a c u m i t h c h i n c n a c h u k c n g h n g . .
R n g p h n g p h p t n g t, c h n g t a c t h n g h i n c u c c b i
t o n p h c t p h n v d a o n g c a d m c u di t c n g c a t i
tr n g di ng. C
th
n h tro n g tr n g hdp
ti
k h n g p h i l h n g s ,
m l h m c a th i g i a n h a y l v t t h c k h i l n g t t r n b g i m
c h n di n g t r n d m . H a y b i to n p h c t p hn n a l v i c n g h i n
c u d a o n g c a c u di t c d n g c a t h p t i t r n g p h n b d i
ng. N h n g b i to n ph c t p n y cho n n a y v n c h a g i i q u y t
c t r n v n m a n g t i p t c c n g h i n c u . D i y c h n g t a
thit, l p p h n g t r n h c h u y n n g c h o h g m m t v t c k h i l n g
ch u y n ng trn dm cu.
X t m h n h n h t r o n g h n h v 3.1.2, g m m t v t k h i
lng m
t t r n m t b g i m c h n n h i v n h t, d i n g t r n m t d m n
h i v i v n t c b n g
V.
th i t l p ph ng trn h c h u y n n g c a h, ta t c h n th n h
h a i h c o n . M t h g m v t r n c n g b g i m c h n d a o n g di t c
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1 - ; .
t
l
~Z\
N u
l n n t n h c a l x o . N h v y t i
t a n g x t , t r o n g l x o x u t h i n l c n h i b n g
Fe =k(x-xn- X ) = k(x-xn-Ax-x0).
k h iu
(3 .1.9 )
t bng
d c h c h u y n t u y t i c a v t t i th i i m
X = X - x {) , t h l c n h i t c d n g l n v t b n g
y///////////////////////V///////////////vy/mb)
a)
h
/W
///////Z ///////
c)
Hnh 3 . 1 . 3
N g o i r a l c c n n h t b n g
Fr =c(x-xn)
(3 .1.10 )
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mg = kA x.
(3.1.11)
ts l
mx + c(x- xn ) + k(x - xn- A x ) + mg =
P h n g t r n h c n b n g c a v t t i th i i m
0.
N h n g v X = x yx = X , n n p h n g t r n h c u i c t h v i t l i n h s a u
A x) +
mg =
0.
H n n a n u k h i u d c h c h u y n t n g i c a v t s o vi n n l
z = x-xn=x-x0- V
m g' = kAx , t a s c
v c h n n g th c
mz+CZ+kz ~ -mxn.
( 3 .1.12 )
L c n y c t h t n h p l c l n n n b n g
p = ~c(i -
- x0) = -ci - kz +
) - &(x - jcn -
N u tn h n p h n g t r n h ( 3 . 1 . 1 2 ) , ta c t h v i t l i b i u th c
c a p l c l n n n b n g
p = m(g +Z +xn).
(3.1.13)
T r o n g c n g t h c ( 3 . 1 . 1 3 ) , h n g t c d n g c a l c l t t r n x u i g ,
h n g c h u y n d c h c a v t v c a n n l n g c l i (di l n ) . N u
t h a y i h n g c h u y n d ch c a v t v n n t t r n x u n g , t c t h a y
z = - Z , x n = - w , c h r n g y v w l c h u y n d ch c a v t v c a n n
c n g h n g v i l c t c d n g v o n n , t a c
p
=m
( g
- Z
(3.1.14)
v ) .
N h v y , p h n g t r n h d a o n g u n c a c l m d i t c n g c a t i
Vs c d n g
5W
AW
I - Z ^ + E lZ -j- = m ( g - z - W ) ( y - y 0 -vt).
y4
y
t r n g di n g vi v n tc
2W
t2
W+ E
t
pf J I - + c
(3 .1.15 )
C n g v i p h n g t r n h ( 3 . 1 . 1 2 ) , l c n y c d n g
m
+ CZ
+k
=-
(3.1.16)
D d n g n h n t h y , n u g i a t c t n g i c a v t so v i n n b n g 0
( v t c t h k h n g c u y n n g s o vi n n
z = const), t h
trn h ( 3 . 1 . 1 5 , 3 . 1 . 1 6 ) s r t gn l i th n h m t p h n g trn h
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h phng
dW
5W
_ d4W
*.
107
vt)
(3.1.17)
C c p h n g t r n h n u t r n u l c c p h n g t r n h v i p h n o h m
r i n g vi h s b i n t h i n , v i c g i i c h n g c h c t h b n g c c p h n g
php^gn n g hoc phng p h p
s.
3.2.2 T n h t o n p h n n g n g c a c n g t r n h i vi n g t
- m h n h r i r c
n= 1 khi
l n g
b n g m c g i t h i t t p t r u n g t i n h c n g t r n h , c l h s "c n ni
v
k -3 EI
yL
l c n g t ng ng,
x0(t) l
0
d ch c h u y n n g a n g c u a
nn gy ra do ng t.
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(3 .2 .1)
P h n g t r n h n y c t h a v d n g c h u n h o n h s a u :
(3 .2 .2 )
t r o n g G) 0 l t n s r i n g c a h k h i k h n g c c n , , l c h s" c n t i
hn
Hnh 3 .2 .1
N g h i m c a p h n g trn h cui b n g t n g n g h i m r i n g v n g h i m
t n g q u t c a p h n g t rn h t h u n n h t t ng ng. H
^ ph
sc n
ti h n
thuc v o d n g k t cu v b n ch t c a v t li u x y d ng. N h
b i t t r o n g l t h u y t d a o n g, t r o n g tr n g hp ^ = 1 v > 1 th h
c h c s c h u y n n g t t d n k h n g d a o n g . N u ^ < 1 t h n g h i m
r i n g c a p h n g t r n h t h u n n h t t ng n g b i u d i n d a o n g t t
d n v s m t i t r o n g th i g ia n n g n . V v y , y t a c h x t n g h i m
r i n g c a p h n g trn h (3 .2 .2 ) n b i u d i n d a o n g b n h n i tc
n g c a n g t . N g h i m n y c b i u d i n di d n g t c h p h n
D uham el
(3 .2 .3 )
o hm
l i n t i p ( 3 . 2 . 3 ) t h e o th i g i a n s t h u c v n tc
t n g i v g i a t c t u y t i c a k h i l n g
C0S)'( - t ) +
s i n (04(t - t)]c/t ,
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(3 .2 .4 )
T' (1 - C )sin 0) (t - x) + 2C
109
cosa)*(f - x)]c/x
0
(3 .2 .5 )
vi
*
= - r
r-
- C .
x c n h cc c tr n g s a u
T a p h p n g d c h c h u y n
s (/( e > ,0 = M a x , | x U ) | .
(3 .2 .6 )
Ta ph p ng vn tc v ta ph p ng gia tc c xc:
nh theo cc cng thc sau
(3 .2 .7 )
( 3 .2 .8 )
N h v y , n g v i g i a t c o c c a n g t v vi m t h s
c n n h t c h o , n g i t a c t h x c n h t a p h p n g n h l m t
h m s" c a t n s" r i n g h a y c h u k clao n g r i n g c a h . M t v d
m i n h h o c h o t a p h d c h c h u y n c t r n h b y t r o n g H n h 3 . 2 . 2 .
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F's-k.xm
axiSa.
T n g t c t h t h i t l p m h n h h u h n b c t d o c h o c n g
t r n h (v d b n g p h n g p h p P T H H ) , k h i t a c p h n g t r n h
c h u y n n g c a c n g t r n h c d n g v c t
(3 .2 .9 )
tr o n g c c m a t r n
M, c , K
b i t , c t h x y d n g c b n g m t
t r o n g c c p h n g p h p t r n h b y c h n g 2 , v c t { l } b i u d i n
h n g t c d n g c a n g t , t c h n g d c h c h u y n n g a n g c a n n
t. N u tm n g h i m p h n g t rn h cu i d n g
tro n g [o ] l m a t r n d n g r i n g v
{) = {<7|(0-- > ,v ( ) } 7 l v c t
t o s u y r n g , t a s c p h n g t r n h
+ 2 ^ j(0 i l ( ) +
fX0(t)
vi cc k h iu
T h e o k t q u p h n t r n , i v i m i t o c h n h t a c t h x c n h
t a p h d ch c h u y n b n g
kn o
t b i u
thc
/
s i n (0 *
V v y , c h a i c c h n g i n t m p h p n g m t c c h g n n g t
p h c a t a s u y r n g . T h n h t , c t h t n h
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(3 .2 .10 )
t r o n g
S;*K,C*) = <J>jkS(<aM.
C c h t h h a i c k n t n g q u a n g i a c c d n g r i n g
SjM=
( 3 .2 .11)
E Q mns ( c o m, c , , , ) S < K , ; n ) ,
V
rn.n
Qm
nl c c h s" t n g q u a n g i a c c d n g r i n g .
3.2.3 Tnh tonphn ng ng ca cng trnh i vi ng t
m hnh lin tc
tro n g
X t m t ct n g, n h m t d m n h i vi c c c t r n g
/,
F, L ngm mt u
E, p,
vo n n t. M t
c a nn tro n g ng t
g i th i t
n m n g a n g m t g c a v c l n b n g ) . K h i t h n h p h n n m
n g a n g v th n h p h n th n g ng c a ch u y n v n n l n
lt c
dng:
(3 .2 .12 )
K h n g k h k h n c t h t h a y t h c h u y n v c n g b c t h n g n g c a
n n b n g l c n n d c p h n b' u t r n d m v i m t p h n b' b n g
p(t) = - p F ) s i n
N h v y , n u coi
u(x,t)
a .
l un n g a n g c a ct (c h u y n v n g a n g
t n g i c a d m so v i n n , t h p h n g t r n h ( 1 . 4 . 4 ) , c h n g 1 t n h
t h m c n n g o i c h o ta :
F(x,t) +
j1T02u(x,t)
C
x
x2
,
1c
(3 .2 .13 )
vi i u k i n b i n
d2u(x,t),
V
\(x= L) = 3u(x,t)
~
frJ
I
I. _ n x _ A
L) =du(x,t)
P \x= 0 =u(x,t)\(x = 0) = 0 .
P h n g t r n h ( 3 . 2 . 1 3 ) c t h n g h i n c u b n g p h n g p h p B p n p G a l e r k i n v s d n t i v i c n g h i n c u t c n g n g t h i c a n g o i
l c v k c h n g t h a m s, m t b i t o n p h i t u y n v t r a n g o i k h u n
k h ni d u n g c a g i o t r n h n y . y l m t v n n g h i n c u n h
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pF u ( x f t) + c
du{x,t) 2
dt Hx*
EI
2U(Xyt)
x2
= -p F 0().
L i g i i c a b i to n n y ch o m c 1 . 5 . 3 , c t h l h m m t
p h c a c h u y n v n g a n g ( u n ) c a d m b n g
sw(x,0)) =
tro n g
Su (co)
j(x)k(x),
(3 .2 .14 )
l m t p h c a g i a t c n n t h e o p h n g n g a n g v
L
H j (
()
= [co -
C2 +
2i<;j ( j ( ] ~ ' \ J
j(x)dx\
i =.
0
H m
m t p h ( 3 .2 .1 4 ) k h n g p h i l t a p h d c h c h u y n
n g h i n c u tr n . y l h m m t p h c a c h u y n v n g a n g , p h
t h u c v o t o t r n d m v t n s' k c h n g . D I n h i n , c n g g i n g
n h t a p h p n g n u tr n , m t p h p n g p h th u c c v o
t n s" r i n g v h s c n c a c n g t r i n h . T n h p h n g s a i c a d c h
chuyn ngang bng
al(x,(j,c,j)= s w(x,t>)d( =
-co
+00
- I
j.k
j>k
-00
t r o n g
r
-Hx>
rj rk
j ( ( ) H 'k (()d(
-co
C u i c n g , l c h t r u n g b n h b n h p h n g c a c h u y n v c d n g
* (*,,?)= l , Sj Aj(x)k(x)
1 1 ;. *
t ng ng vi t a p h d ch c h u y n tn h m t c c h g n n g
tr n . N u tn h l c h t r u n g b n h b n h p h n g c a c h u y n v t i
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x=xn
c n g t h c ( 3 . 2 . 1 1 ) . C h i c i u c n g t h c ( 3 . 2 . 1 5 ) l c h n h x c , c n
( 3 . 2 . 1 1 ) c h l g n n g . T u y n h i n c n g 1 t h c ( 3 . 2 . 1 5 ) c h n h n c
i vi k t c u d m , cn c n g t h c ( 3 . 2 . 1 1 ) c t h n h n c c h o c
k t c u k h u n g , d n ,...
3.3
3.3.1 C c c t r n g c b n c a s n g b i n
S n g b i n c h y u c g y r a bi g i , l k t q u c a s t n g
t c g i a g i ( k h q u y n ) v m t n c b i n . V v y , s n g b i n c c
t r n g c h y u bi h n h d n g m t s n g - n g u y n n h n c b n g y n n
c h u y n n g s n g c a nc b i n . e t n h t o n t c n g c a s n g l n
c c c n g t r n h b i n , t h n g t h n g n g i ta g i t h i t c h t l n g l l
t n g , k h n g n n c v k h n g c c h u y n n g x o y . C h u y n n g
c coi l c t h .
X t tr ng hp s n g p h n g tro n g m t p h
G i s 2 =
(x,t)
l 2 = 0. K h i u
ngXOZ ( H n h
3 .3 .1).
l ph ng trn h m t s n g . K h i nc l n g t ng n g
Uywl
c h u y n d c h c a h t c h t l n g c t o (x,
z)y
t h e o p h n g X v z, (XjZyt) l h m t h v n t c, t c
du dx
d t
dw _ _ dz
t z ~ dt
Vi n h n g g i t h i t n u t r n t a c c c p h n g t r n h
(3.3.1)
+ i[ratf(>]- + - ( p - p j +gz = 0.
t 2
p
P h n g t r n h u l p h n g t r n h L a p l a c e m t t n h l i n t c c a
u B e r n o u l l i .
q u y n ) z = (x, t), t a
c h t l n g , p h n g t r n h t h h a i l t c h p h n
T i m t t h o n g (m t b i n ti p g i p vi k h
=
CZ
dx d t
dt
(3.3.2)
x
dt
v ti y bin z = -d
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_= = 0 .
W
z
(3.3.3)
z = (x,t) l
n h v b q u a c c t h n h p h n b c h a i, k t hp
* . *
+g,o,
z
t
(3.3.4)
N h v y , v n d n ti v i c g i i p h n g t r n h L a p l a c e t r o n g ( 3 . 3 . 1 )
c n g v i c c i u k i n b i n ( 3 . 3 . 3 ) , ( 3 .3 .4 ) .
X t tr n g hp s n g i u h o , n g h i m c a b i to n b i n tm d n g
f(z) s
tho m n
d2f(z) -k2f(z) = 0;
dz2
f'(-d) * 0.
Vy
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(3.3.5)
115
l h n g s. S d n g d i u k i n ( 3 .3 .4 ) , t a c
gf'(0)-<2f(0)
= A(gsinh-co2 coshkcl) = 0 .
T t a n h n c
yfgkt a n h kd
0) =
gi l
tn s'sng v
T =
co
gi l c
/?k sng.
X= ,
k
T h e o n h n g h a , b c s n g b n g
do v n tc t r u y n s n g
bng
=
2,
kT k
vi k l s s n g . X t t r n g h p
d -
co, k h i t a n h
kd - *
1 v o d
T n h n i u k i n ( 3 . 3 . 4 ) , t a c
4 (x ,) = - - | 0
g
(3 .3 .5 )
t r o n g
a = H
i(A
, ,,
= - c o s h
2
*
gi l
bin sng v
H l c/i* c a o
sng.
K h i , h m t h v n t c c d n g
igacoshku + rf)
(c o s h kd
v,
.a
j c o s h & (2 +
co
d)
- ( x > t )
cosh kd
(3 .3 .6 )
T
t a c t h t n h dc v n t c , g i a t c v q u o c h u y n n g
c a h t c h t l n g t r o n g s n g
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cocoshAa
_igkacoshk(z
(
kd
- & a sin h (* + d)
/ ...
w(x,zj) =
------- ----------------- e x p { - i(kx -
igkcoshk(z
...
+d)
v,
+ rf)
u (x , z, ) = ------------------------------------------------------------------ T T -------e x P r )}
cosh
cosh &a
c o s h Ala
< ,
d ) e x p { - i( f a
0)0} = 2
-< )} =
0) c o s h a
/
u;(x, z, ) = - -
* ,< > :
0) c o s h s a
s i n h ( 2 + 0
(
----- e x P
0) c o s h
.. .
kd
, / s i n h + rf)
- 0 } = - 7 7 7 4 ( * . * )
0) c o s h & a
(3.3.7)
T h a i pHng t r n h cu i tr o n g (3 .3 .7 ), ta t h y q u o c a h t c h t
l n g t r o n g c h u y n n g s n g l h n h e l i p k h i n c n n g v h n h t r n
khi
nc
su d - >
00 .
3.3.2 C n g t h c M o r s o n
V n q u a n t r n g t r o n g n g l c h c c n g t r n h b i n l x c n h
c t i t r n g s n g t c n g l n c n g t r n h . B i t t r n g v n t c c a
c h t l n g t r o n g c h u y n n g s n g c t h t n h t o n c t c d n g c a
X, h n h
D. T h e o
zc a
(zj)ji(zj). G i
t r c t r c t h n g n g
M o riso n , t i tr n g s n g tc
h n h t r s gm h a i th n h p h n :
m t l l c x c a c h t l n g g y r a d o q u n t n h c a c h t l n g k h i c
v t c h n n g (gi l l c q u n t n h ) v h a i l l c m a s t g i a c h t
l n g v v t g i l l c c n n h t , p h t h u c v o v n t c t n g
doi g i a
v t v c h t l n g . M o r i s o n t n h c l c q u n t n h b n g l t h u y t
v n g h c n g t h c t n h l c c n b n g t h c n g h i m . T a s x y d n g
cc c n g th c n y th eo q u a n im c a M o riso n , d a t r n s n g iu
ho trn h b y trn .
a. Lc qun tnh.
v n x t b i ton p h n g tro n g m t p h n g
XOY, h m
v n th o m n ph ng trn h
A(x,y,t) = 0
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t h v n tc
-----7 - 7-
co i u
CI X-> 00,y
k i n b in gm x a
r
117
or
,= 7 7 = ...
V = 7
ry
v i u k i n t i p x c g i a c h t l n g v
c b i u
th x m n h p v o h n h tr,
ct
= 0
tr m t c h t l n g k h n g
d i n l v n t c c a c h t l n g
c h i u l n p h n g p h p t u y n c a m t h n h t r b n g 0.
N u x t b i t o n t r n t r o n g h to cc
dr
(3 .3 .8 )
r cr rzrt
v i u k i n b i n x a v c n g r~>co
x= rCOS0 - 0s in O = \
y - rs i n 9 + e cosO = 0,
t r o n g
r;
r -
cr
r 50
l v n t c p h p v v n tc q u a y c a c h t l n g . T c c q u a n h t r n t a
t h y i u k i n x a v c n g l
'VI
lim (-
0COS t) = 0,
(3 .3 .9 .a )
lim ( + Wflr s i n 0 ) = 0.
00
T a i b m t c a h n h t r u r = r0 = , t a c i u k i n
-/C O S0 = 0
su y ra
ao
dr
COS 0 .
( 3 . 3 . 9 , b)
D d n g n h n t h y p h n g t r n h ( 3 .3 .8 ) vi c c i u k i n b i n ( 3 . 3 . 9 )
cho n g h i m
(r,0,*) =
r"1
Wo + - t ( o - )
r
r COS0
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(3.3.10)
= - p [ 2 i 0 i]r 0 COS0 p [ q + ( 0 2
)2
+ 2 ( - ) co s0 ].
L y t n g t h e o c h u v i h n h t r , t a c
2r
Qm = ~
Jp()COSB.rdQ = P7tru2(2ii0 - ) = p A ( 2 0 - )
0
qM(z,t) = pAu0+pACa(0-)
(3 .3 .11)
vi C n l h s a v o i u c h n h h n h d n g c a t i t d i n n g a n g
ACa g i l k h i l n g n c k m , 0 l g i a
l n g , l g i a t c c h u y n d n g c a v t t h
( b n g 1 i vi h n h t r n ) , p
t c c h u y n n g c a c h t
h n h tr . L c q u n tn h g m h a i t h n h p h n , t h n h ph n th n h t
c h p h t h u c v o q u n t n h c a c h t l n g , t h n h p h n c n l i t l
b. Lc cn
Morison ngh lc cn tnh theo cng thc
= \ c DD\ -i|(0 vi
D=
li)
2 r 0 h a y k c h t h c c t r n g c h o m t c h n s n g l n n h t ,
CD
l h s" x c n h b n g t h c n g h i m . y l l c p h i t u y n i v i v n
tc tng i.
n g i n n g i t a t h n g t u y n t n h h o t h n h p h n l c n y
thnh
Qd = c DpD(0- )
vi
CDl
h n g s c t n h t h e o p h n g p h p t u y n t n h h o t h n g
k.
T m l i t a c m t p h n b l c s n g t c d n g v o h n h t r
119
/ =
( 3 .3 .11''
dc gi l c n g th c M o ris o n t u y n tn h .
N u c h t l n g n g y n , fi =
0= 0 , t a
K hi ct d n g vn ,
= pA (l +
( 3 . 3 . 1 2 , a)
(3.3.12,b)
vi CM = +c a.
3.3.3 T c n g c a s n g n c n g t r n h
a. Ct thngng
X t p h n n g c a m t ct t h n g n g n g m c h t vi y b i n
E,
n h m t d m c n g xn, c h i u d i L , m u n n h i
m m e n q u n t n h m t c t 7, m t k h i
nng
M0k g ,
c h i u s u m c nc b i n
p. T r n
d. N u
ti t d i n A ,
u c c c v t r n
k h iu
u(z,t) l
chuyn
v n g a n g c a c t t i m t c t 2 ( u n c a d m ) , t h p h n g t r n h d a o
n g u n c a ct c d n g
Z*
dt
dz2
t2
~ p A C M U q ( 2 , / ) 4- C h u 0 ( 2 , t )
tro n g
Ch = pDC) ;N
= M 0g .
G i t h i t g c t a t i y b i n , t c l t i y b i n 2 = 0 , c n t r n
u cc
z = L. C n g
vi p h n g t r n h t r n t a c i u k i n b i n
u (0 ,0 =
11(0,0 = u\L,t) = um
(L,t) = 0 .
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= ae,mr; t|(2 ) =
cosh
. T
kd
u()(z,t) = ikg](z)(t) = igkar\(z)eot
v v p h i p h n g t r n h t r n c t h v i t g n l i b n g
p
ACM+Ch=q{z)e
v i
P h n g t r n h d a o n g t r n c v i t v d n g c h u n n h s a u
EI Qtll + C A du{z,t) + 2
z4
z2
+ p A ( l + C M)
=
cV
q{z)e'"*
(3 .3 .13 )
T a s tm n g h i m d n g p h c
u(z,t) = (z)eUl.
K h i , b i n d p h c c h u y n v n g a n g c a c t t h o m n p h n g t r n h
*(z)
- ^ - + 2
dz
d 2(z)
Ty
.
n
-~-iYU{z)-q{z)
dz
/ OO A\
(3 .3 .14 )
vi
N
EI
,=
-? C t l ? W ( 1 )
EI
= 2 )
El
N g h i m t n g q u t c a p h n g t r n h ( 3 . 3 . 1 4 ) c t h v i t d n g
U(z) = B c o s h X.j2 + B ,
s i n h x ,2 +
By c o s h X2Z
z
+ S 4 s i n h ? v 2z +
T ) (T )d i
0
t r o n g d
X
,
v h m s
= y fr v ^ Q }
- n
; X 2 = - J n 2 + n 2 + tt.
X2Z-X2
X ! sin h
s i n h X. ,2
A ( 2 ) = -------------------- ------- -----------
l n g h i m p h n g . t r n h ( 3 . 3 . 1 4 ) v i v p h i b n g 0 v c t n h c h t
K { 0) = K \ 0) = "(0) = 0, t f (0) = 1.
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121
A p d n g ciu k i n b i n c h o n g h i m t n g q u t n u t r n t a s dc
(z) =
B (c sh
+
T ron g
,z- c o s h 2z)+
Bsi n h /,,2 -
>
*
s in h > u 2z ) + I
^2
(i
A( 3 . 3 . 1 5 )
K(z - )q{z)dx.
t u y n tn h
Bt(x]
sinhX2 L) =
d
= -K"(d- xT(t)dT = q",
0
(1
= -K m
(d- T ) ( t ) d x
= ".
0
N h v y , ( 3 . 3 . 1 5 ) ch o t a b i n p h c c a c t t h n g d n g di
t c n g c a s n g i u ho.
Xs k h i
. Sng
v n t r u y n th eo
v n tc h t nc v n c h a i t h n h p h n t h e o t r c
X v z t n g n g l ,w. G i s v c
= {,0 }w}7. K h i u t l t h n h p h n v c
t v n
t c
ht
nc l
t v n t c h n g d c t h e o
tr c th a n h , k h i
t = ( , C ) C .
C n t h n h p h n v n tc p h p t u y n vi t r c t h a n h b n g
v n = V - 5,
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vnx =-(CX+wCz)Cx;
<ny = ~(Cx +wCz)Cy;
= W- (Cx + ii;Cz)C,.
Q u y n h tr c X tro n g h to a p h n g c a t h a n h
hng c a
vn , c n g
t r n g v i
t h c M o r i s o n c h o t a v c t l c s n g t c d n g l n
m t n v c h i u d i t h a n h b n g
ryr l
v n t c v g i a tc p h p t u y n c a t h a n h . N h v y
t r o n g h t o t n g t h , l c s n g v n t c d n g l n t h a n h t h e o c b a
h n g ( n h n g t r o n g h t o a p h n g t h c h c t h e o p h n g p h p
t u y n vi t r c t h a n h ) . y l c s t n h t i t r n g s n g t c d n g l n
cn g trn h k h u n g phc tp.
i v i c c c n g t r n h b i n , t i t r n g s n g t r o n g k h u n
kh
p h n g p h p p h n t h u h n , c t n h t o n n h i u . c n h n g
ch n g trn h tn h s n g c h u n V i t N a m . V i c tn h t i t r n g s n g
th e o p h n g p h p m a t r n c n g n g c c p n t r o n g
c n g t r n h [9]. T u y n h i n m t q u y t r n h v p h n m m h o n c h n h v n
c h a c c m c n p h i n g h i n c u t i p .
tt k h o a
hc c a cc v n tr n c h n h l v i c n h g i t r n g t h i k
th u t cn g trn h .
N u t r n g t h i k t h u t c n g t r n h c h i u l t r n g t h i k t
c u v k h n n g l m v i c c a c n g t r n h , th v i c n h g i t r n g th i
k t h u t c n g t r n h c c h i a l m h a i bc.
Bc m t l c h n o n h h n g k t c u c n g trn h , t c n h g i
n h n g t h a y i c a k t c u c n g t r n h s o v i m t t h i i m n o
tr c y ( t h n g t h n g l t r n g t h i k t c u k h i a v o s d n g ) .
i u n y c n g h a l p h i x c n h m h n h th c t r n g c a k t c u t i
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123
th i i m c n n h g i . C n g v i c n y v n i ( l u n g c h n h l b i t o n
n h n d n g kt cu
(structureidentification).
l c s a u c h l n h g i c c c h t i u s d n g c a c n g t r n h n h l
b n , t u i t h , a n t o n ,.. . c a c n g t r n h d a t r n c s m h n h t h c
t r n g c x c n h .
N h v y , v n m u ch t c a c h n o n k t h u t c n g trn h
c h n h l b i to n n h n d n g k t c u , h a y cn gi l b i t o n c h n
h h n g
D u v o c a b i t o n n g c n y c h n h l c c t h n g t in v t i t r n g v
p h n n g c a c n g trn h . C c t h a m s c h n h n y c t h l t n h , n u
c c p h n g t r n h c s d n g t n h h c h o c l n g l c h c n h d
c n g h i n c u k h c h i t i t t r o n g c u n s c h n y .
T r n c
sn h n g
k i n t h c c t r n h b y t r n v n g l c
h c , t a c t h k h n g n h r n g c c t h a m s n g l c h c c a c n g
t r n h , c b i t l c c c t r n g n g l c h c c a k t c u c h a r t
n h i u t h n g t i n v b n t h n k t c u , h n l c c t h a m
s t n h
h c.
C h n h v t h , n g l c h c c n g t r n h tr t h n h n n t n g c a C h n
o n k t h u t c n g trn h .
3.4.2 P h n g p h p r u n g n g t r o n g c h n o n c n g t r n h
V i c c h n o n h h n g k t c u c n g t r n h d a t r n c s c c
t h n g t i n t h u t h p dc v c c c t r n g n g l c h c c a c n g t r n h
d a n g t n t i c g i l
t r n g n g l c h c , h a y
t i p c n n y g i l p h n g p h p r u n g n g t r o n g c h n o n k t h u t
r n g t r n h . S n g u y n l c a b i t o n c h n o n n g c n g t r n h
d c m t t r o n g H n h 3 . 4 . 1 .
C l c n t h i t p h i d n g l i i c h t g i i th c h ni d u n g c n g
v i c th e o p h n g p h p r u n g n g c a c h n o n k t h u t c n g tr n h ,
c t r n h b y t r o n g h n h 3 . 4 . 1 . v n i d u n g , c b a b i t o n c n p h i
g i i q u y t.
/.
cch x y dng m
h n h k t c u v i n h n g k h n n g c a c c h h n g c t h x y r a i
v i c n g t r n h . y l c n g v i c m h n h h o k t c u t h c v i n h n g
k h n n g c t h x y r a vi c n g t r n h n h n h n g t h a y o i v h n h
h c : h n h d n g t i t d i n , n m n , n t , g y , c o n g m o , c c l r n g , . . . . ,
v v t l i u : m u n n h i , p h n b k h i l n g , l i n k t g i a c c p h n
t h a y g i a c n g t r n h v n n m n g ... M c c h l x y d n g m t t p
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Hnh 3 .4 .1
2. H a i l
ti. T c l
v i c ti n h n h
t i n h n h m t s t h n g h i m v n g l c h c c n g t r n h t i
h i n tr n g: T o ra c c t i tr n g l m cho c n g trn h v o t r n g th i
l m v i c n g th eo m o n g m u n c a m n h v d n g c c th i t b o c
p n g c a cn g trn h vi n h n g t i tr n g g y ra. D a tr n c c s
l i u n y , c n t i n h n h p h n t c h , x l r t r a c c g i t r t h c t
c a c c c t r n g n g l c h c c c h n l m d u h i u c h n o n .
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t r n g n y d d n g o c n h t vi c h n h x c c h p n h n c. Hn
n a c c t n s r i n g p h n n h t r u n g thc n h t h n c h t c hc (khi
lng v cng) c a h k h n g p h th u c v o c c y u t b n n g o i.
T h n g h i m n g l c mt d y c c c n g v i c p h c t p , p h i s d n g
c c t h i t b o c. c n g c x l s" li u h i n i. R i n g t h n g h i m
d n g d l m t n g n h a n g c n g h i n c u v n g d n g n h i u t r n
t h gii h i n n a y .
3.
S a u k h i t h u t h p c cc s li u do c t c n g t r n h th c v
c c c t r n g n g lc hc c a c n g t r n h , c n g vi c s d li u
x y d n g t r o n g p h n m p h n g , g i i b i t o n n h g i t h a m s'
t a th u dc c c g i tr c a t h a m s' h h n g ,
tng n g vi t r n g th i thc c a c n g t r n h . S o s n h c c g i t r n y
c a t h a m s h h n g vi cc g i t r gc, ta c t h r t r a v tn h t r n g
h h n g c n g t r n h v x u t c c g i i p h p s a c h a k p thi, n g
(parameter estimation),
thi t a c n g c n g a y c m h n h th c t r n g c a k t c u c n g t r n h ,
c t h s d n g n h g i k h n n g ltn v i c t i p t h e o c a n.
n v b i t o n c h n o n h h n g k t c u c h o n t t.
A~b*h ( hl c h i u
P o a t s o n V, t i t d i n
E, m t
k h i
p>h
cao d m ) , m m e n t i t d i n / v
c h i u d i L , n h m t t r o n g ch n g 1 . K t c u n y c t h m t
m t d m c u d a n g l m vic. M t v n t r a l h y x c n h x e m
d m c b n t n g a n g u k h n g , n u c th v
v s u
c a v t n t n h t h no. D y l b i to n c h n o n h h n g ch th c
c a m t k t c u c n g t r in h n g i n .
C c t h a m s h h n g l v t r v s u v t n t
xt9al . M
h n h
t h a m s c a v t n t c h n h b ao gm : M t l m h n h c a v t n t, c
x y d n g t r n c s g i t h i t v t n t c t h a y t h b n g m t l x
q u a y t n g ng t i v t r v t n t vi c n g li n h vi s u v t
n t b n g c n g thc:
K = 1
a
EI
(3.4.1)
+ 4 .5 9 4 8 Z 4 - 9 .9 7 3 z 5 + 2Q.2948Z6
- 3 3 . 0 3 5 1 2 7 + 4 7 .1 0 6 3 2 s - 4 0 . 7 5 5 6 * 9 + 1 9 . 6 z '
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Fl(X,acc)p + F0(Xfxt ) = 0;
( 3 .4 .2 )
Fp, Fj
vi c c h m
l cc h m s c x c n h t r n c s i u k i n
b i n h a i u [ 1 5 ] . H i n n h i n l, m h n h t h a m sc n y ch o t a x c
n h t n s r i n g c a d m p h th u c v o c c t h a m s v t n t
,a .
X
t r p = 0)
c b i t l k h i s u v t n t b n g k h n g (tng n g vi g i
t a c p h n g t r n h t n
c a d m k h n g c v t n t. N h v y t h a m
c t h coi l i d i n ch o c h i u s u v t n t h a y m c h h n g.
N g h i n cu s p h t h u c c a t n
r i n g ( n g hn l t h a m s t n s
) v o s u v v t r v t n t t r n c s m h n h l p , ch o t h y
s u c a v t n t c n g ln th t n s r i n g c n g g i m , n h n g n h y
sp
c m c a t n s l c mi x u t h i n v t n t ln hn so vi l c v t n t d
t m t s u n o . Hn n a tn t i m t s v t r t r n d m m n u
v t n t x u t h i n t i c m t SI t n s r i n g t n g n g k h n g p h
th u c v o s u v t nt. i u n y q u l c n g h a t r o n g v i c c h n
on vt nt v sau.
V n t i p t h e o l th n g h i m n g t r n d m . D u h i u c h n
o n t t n h i n l p h i c h n t n s" r i n g . V t h m c t i u th n g h i m
d n g l x c n h c c t n
r i n g th c t c a d m . C n g v i c n y k h
n g i n
vi c c c h u y n g ia v t h n g h i m n g vi m t d m
n hi. C h n g ta k h n g c n h i u thi g ia n
x t v n n y
y m ch d n g l i m t t ng n g i n t r o n g v i c c c t n s do
di
xem
T h n g th ng, vi c c t h i t b th n g h i m n g h i n d i c h n g
ta c t h o c h m p h c a dch c h u y n , v n t c h a y g ia tc c a
c n g t r n h t i m t s* v t r n o . H m p h n y t h c c h t l h m
t r u y n n h d ni n n h i u t r o n g c c ch n g trc, p h th u c v o v
t r i i m o v t n s. N h n g n g h i n cu l t h u y t c h o t h y t r n
th c a h m t r u y n th eo t n
c c n h t n g n g vi c c t n s
r i n g . N i n g hn, c c t n s' r i n g ni c h u n g n m t r o n g l n c n c a
c c n h . T u y n h i n t n s r i n g k h n g h o n to n t r n g vi t n s
n h v h
c n l m t n s* n h ( t n s c n g hng) l c h k h i t n s
r i n g . lch n y p h th u c v o h s* c n c b i u h i n b n g b
r n g ( n h n ) c a n h . i vi c c c n g t r n h t h p , c n n h , ni
c h u n g c c n h r t n h n , n h n g i vi c c c n g t r n h n m t r o n g t
t h c c n h r t t . N h v y , v i c x c n h t n s r i n g d a t r n th
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M t .S' b i to n th c t c a n g c h c c n g t r in h
127
=1
(3.4.3)
(3.4.4)
- =
Ft
(3.4.5)
ta \ , X' )
;=l
>Xc)P + F0& j
N g h i m b n h p h n g t i t h i u V1 m c d h h n g t n t i v b n g
1/K
p =- I
F t t i j X ') l i F ? o :i ,x c)
(3.4.6)
vi iu kin
F ^ x ) ,* ,.) F e d ), X '
j=\
> 1
X ,.
j=
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cc
[* ]= k f c 0 f c
23 / 23
k f 1c4 h24 /f 24c
_K\il
knfn
knf
k4 1/f 4cI
kKA242
fc
k43 /f 43c
44f 44c
trong
rr
/11
,,
/
JJ2
1 + 8 <xp2 + 2 4 a Jp 2 - 2 4 c r p 2 + 4a p
12 ~
,f
/ 1 3 #11 / 3 3
~2
,,
> /12
,c
/ 23 *
rc
n 4=
1- 72a4p2 +24ap2+144ap:
+12ap-12a:(3
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fu
129
= l +4fU12a2[3-12ap
= t</ L, .Vl v tr vt nt,
p = ,7 / /L dc trng cho su vt nt.
l cc thnh phn ca ma trn cng ca phn t dm phng
khng c vt nt chu un, biu thc ca chng cho trong (2.3.22b).
D dng nhn thy khi p = 0 cc h s" fj = 1 , / , 7 = 1,2* -4, ta c
ma trn cng ca phn t dm phng c in. Nh vy ma trn
cng nhn dc l hm ca hai tham s h hng v tr v su vt.
nt. V du hiu chn on c chn l cc tn s ring, nn c s d
liu cho chn on ni chung c xy dng t nhy cm ca
chng i vi cc tham s' h hng. Tht vy, xut pht t phng
trinh c bn ca bi ton tr ring
(3.4.8)
ta c th tnh c
ao
- l M - ~ (D+ tf([) - m } = 0
p rp
A |
--- A.
~ ~M
ap
rip ap
y K
. 2'
A, - 7*-
= (t> -<) -O - O M 0 = O.
T dy ta c th tnh c
Skk __ U
n j k ---------------------ijp* J
<br U)K<>U)
p.
3fit
Q* (j)MO>(j)
(3.4.9)
trong
D= [Djk; j =
l ma trn nhy cm ca cc tr ring c xy dng trn v
A =
l tr ring ca kt cu cng trnh khng c h hng.
a vo k hiu
6 = A - A
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131
M T S B I K I M T R A
HnhPl
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Hnh P2
8 . Dm c mt vt nt. Cho mt dm n hi, c mt vt nt m ti
x0 (Hnh P3) vi su a. vt nt c m t bng mt l xo xoay
cng K, ph thuc vo su vt nt. Thit lp phwong trnh
tn s" ca h. Nu bit mt tn s" v v tr vt nt, hy tm
su.
Hnh P3
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Problems in Engineering.
15. Nguyen Tien Khiem, Dao Nhu Mai (1997) "Natural Frequency
Analysis of Cracked Beam", Vietnam Jo u rn a l o f Mechanics,
N. 2, Vol. XIX, pp. 28-38.
16. Khiem N . T. and Lien T. V. (2002) "The Dynamic Stiffness
Matrix Method in Forced Vibration Analysis of Multiple Cracked
Beam". J o u rn a l o f Sound and V ibration, 234(5), 725-736.
17. Nguyn Tin Khim (2001) "Chn on k thut cng trnh- Bi
ton, phng php v ng dng". Tuyn tp H i ngh C hc
K th u t ton quc, H Ni, 12-13/10/2001. Nh xut bn i
hc quc gia H Ni, 162-172.
18. Wittrick, W.H. and Williams, F. w. (1971) "A general algorithm
for computing natural frequencies of elastic structures". Quart.
Journ.Mech. and A pplied Math,. Vol. XXIV, Pt.3, 263-284.
19. Phm nh Ba, Nguyn Thanh Bnh (1995) ng lc hc cng
trn h , H Ni.
20. Phm nh Ba (2003) B i tp ng lc hc cng trn h . Nh
xut bn Xy dng.
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