Self-efficacy - desirability- feasibility- propensity to

act.
Mar 3, 2016
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Bandura, one of the most famous American psychologists, is in the

foundation of the socio-cognitivist current. His theory places the
individual at the heart of a triad of interactions between cognitive,
behavioral and contextual factors. In this context, the social subjects
are at the same time the producers and the products of their
environment. The sociocognitive approach also called the cognitive
social psychology "is based on the postulate in which cognition is
social, with the sense where the entire production process - of
knowledge is intrinsically, inevitably and deeply social" (Lauriol,
1996, p. 5).
Bandura (1992) showed that not only the sense of competence but
also the belief to be able to implement a target behavior, constitute
a powerful attitude which leads to human decision making and it
then introduced the concept of sels-efficacity.

The self-efficacy is the sense of its own competence that is meaning

the belief which we can make something of specific (Bandura,
1997.2001). It is the faith of a subject in its own capacity to
effectively achieve certain activities and responsibilities (Chen and
al., 1998; Markman and Baron, 2001). It is also the conviction ones
individual has about itself to be able to organize and to carry out the
actions necessary to the achievement of a goal. (Bandura,1997,
quoted by Karsenti, Larose, 2001). The concept of self-efficacy (like
that of locus of internal control concept), is also a crucial variable for
the process of Resilience.
In 1994, Boydet Vozikis proposed the idea that the self-efficacy plays
a significant role in the development of the intentions and of the
entrepreneurial actions. The same year Krueger & Brrazeal (1994)
proposed the idea that the self-efficacy makes it possible to consider
the entrepreneurial potential. If we more precisely examine the
works, which were thus undertaken to study the role that the selfefficacy in the study of Entrepreneuriat can play, the results were
the following:

the self-efficacy is a determining cognitive variable in the

evaluation of the entrepreneurial behavior (Levander and Racuia,
2001)

the self -efficacy is fundamental to begin entrepreneurial

activities (Markman and Baron, 2001);

The entrepreneurial self-efficacy is the perception of the confidence

of the entrepreneurs in themselves in their own entrepreneurial
capacities, before they are laid out to launch out in the business
(Bandura, 1986). The perception of the self-efficacy is an essential
antecedent of perceived opportunity (Krueger and Dickson, 1994).
The individuals having a high feelling of self-efficacy regard the
situations as realizable opportunities,( Bandura 2001).The
entrepreneurs compared to the not-entrepreneurs have a strong
feeling of control of their future (Brockhaus, 1982); the concept of
entrepreneurial optimism is related to the belief in the efficacy
(Krueger and Dickson, 1994; Krueger and Brazeal, 1994).
The people who have a weak FPE (feeling of personal efficacy) in a
particular field, avoid the difficult tasks that they perceive like
threatening. They express low levels of aspiration and an implication
reduced compared to the goals which they chose to reach.
Confronted with difficulties, these people stumble on their potential
personal failures, the obstacles and the negative consequences of
their acts rather than to concentrate on the way of getting a more
satisfactory result. They tend to decrease their efforts and are
discouraged quickly face to the difficulties. They are slower to find
their sense of the efficacy after a failure. They consider an
unsatisfactory result as the mark of a deficiency of aptitude and the
least failure are likely to start their own conviction in their
capacities. The plurality of these characteristics minimizes the
achievement appropriatenesses and exposes the individual to the

stress and the depression. The question of the feeling of selfefficacy is thus in this form a determining factor, for an individual
who wants to give again a new dash with his life. On the contrary, a
high FPE reinforces the needs for achievement and the personal
wellness in several (many) ways.
The people with a strong insurance concerning their capacities in a
particular field regard the difficulties as challenges to take up rather
than like threats to be avoided. These individuals set stimulative
goals and maintain a strong commitment to reach them. They
increase and maintain their efforts face to the difficulties and thus
quickly recover their direction of the effectiveness after a failure or a
delay. The failure is regarded as due to insufficient efforts or a lack
of knowledge or know-how which can be acquired. The threatening
situations are approximate here with insurance, because the
individuals estimate to exert a control on those. This whole of
characteristics of sel-efficacy supports the personal achievements
reduced the stress and the vulnerability. There we join precisely the
problems of Impact strength. The resilient people forged their
feeling of personal effectiveness through the tests and develop
precisely, the capacity to preserve the course to achieve the
fundamental goals, without never slackening their attention, even if
sometimes moments of discouragement can be felt.
This work highlights that to have a feeling of self-efficacy the
recognition of opportunities in the entrepreneur supports. The
choice to create will be done according to three elements:

 perceptions of desirability
They represent the degree of personal attraction to create its
company. The beliefs of desirability are double.
They understand the beliefs relating to the consequences of the
creation of a company on the one hand and the beliefs relating to
social environment on the other hand (Ajzen, 1991, Shapero and
Sokol, 1982); the notion of the desirability is very interesting for the
issue of resilience, because indeed it is perfectly articulated with the
reconquest of self esteem.
perceptions of feasibility
They reflect the degree of the individuals belief in the fact that it is
personally able to create an organization.
propensity to act
Shapero conceives "propensity to act" like a personal provision to
act according to its own decisions. Thus, propensity to act reflects
the component deliberated on the intention. Conceptually, this
propensity depends on perceptions of control of the consequences
of its behavior on the environment and the context. This concept
which is at the heart of the intention also seems likely to nourish the
reconstruction process, that requires new talents acquired by the
resilient entrepreneur, who lived heavy situations.
A character as Steve Jobs incarnates this concept perfectly.