Works Cited

Anderson, Kristin. Interview. By Robert Schantz. 2 Nov. 2016. Summary- Mrs. Anderson is a
high school AP government teacher. She had a lot of answers to to the questions Do you
believe in congressional term limits? And In your opinion do you think that congressional
term limits would cut down on corruption in terms of money from lobby groups? why?
She answered yes to both questions. She also pointed me to james madison for info on
term limits.

Application to research- Mrs. Anderson had a lot of good insight on my topic. She also
told me to look towards James Madison who was a huge supporter of term limits.
Berman, David R. Effects of Legislative Term Limits in Arizona. Arizona State University,
www.ncsl.org/Portals/1/documents/jptl/casestudies/Arizonav2.pdf. Accessed 1 Dec.
2016. Summary- This source goes in depth into the effect of term limits on Arizona. It
gives twelve different effects of term limits based responses during interviews. These
twelve areas are; Composition, Representation, Leaders, Committees, Staff, Norms and
Internal relationships, Lobbyists and lobbying, Policy and Budget, Balance of power
(executive relations), Adaptation/Institutional maintenance, On Competition and Voter
Choice, and Movement from the House and Senate. Along with great info there are
statistics and graphs to back it up. In terms of composition the state legislature has
decreased in diversity. Increased diversity was a rallying cry for the acceptance of term
limits. Another main point is that the representatives do not get the experience to lead. So
they pass silly and unimportant laws. When the lawmakers finally gain this experience

they can no longer use it.

Application to research- This is an amazing source for my research. It also gives me more
questions. Who wrote the study? How was it conducted? Who funded it? If the study is
accurate then I could look the the author for more information. With this information I
can move to my next study
Cain, Bruce E., and Thad Kousser. How Have Term Limits Affected the California Legislature?
Issue brief no. 94, Public Policy Institute of California, Nov. 2004. Public Policy Institute
of California, www.ppic.org/content/pubs/rb/RB_1104BCRB.pdf. Accessed 13 Dec.
2016. Summary- This source is the research brief was issued by the Public Policy
Institute of California. The Public Policy Institute of California is a private, nonprofit
organization dedicated to

independent, objective, nonpartisan research on economic, social, and political issues

affecting California.(should look into them latter.) This research brief brings up multiple
issues regarding term limits but also offers some solutions. The biggest complaint is that
the politicians do not gain the necessary experience until right as they are pushed out of
office. One suggestion is instead of allowing legislators six years in the Assembly and
eight in the Senate the law could be amended limiting members to 14 years of total
legislative service. This way legislators could gain this experience without defeating the
purpose of term limits. Another complaint is that legislators pass insignificant legislation
in order to make their mark on history. This could potentially be changed with the

proposed change.

Application to research- This is the first source that I have found that has offered as many
solutions as complaints. The Public Policy Institute of California has a full report that I
will have to find. It is 12 dollars but it would be well worth it. I will also have to research
the Public Policy Institute of California.
Crowe, J. D. The Case for Term Limits. Summary- This source is a painting of politician as a tree
with roots labeled as power and corruption. It shows that the artist believes the
politician's roots are in corruption and that once a politician is in office it is hard to get
them out.

Application to research- This is an idea I could use for my finial project.

Drutman, Lee. "Congressional Term Limits Are a Bad Idea." Vox, 18 Oct. 2016,
www.vox.com/polyarchy/2016/10/18/13323842/trump-term-limits. Accessed 19 Jan.
2017. Summary- This report suggests that a majority of both republicans and democrats
support legislative term limits. The survey cites that 75% of Americans support term
limits include 65% of democrats. Even though the majority of Americans support
legislative term limits this author does not. He believes it weakens the legislative branch.
One bureaucrat told the author that he will be there before the legislature and after they
leave. He also suggests that new legislatures are more likely to fall prey to lobbyists. The
author also suggests that one way for term limits to succeed is by funding research for the
legislature to use. Currently if a congressman wants research then they usually go to a
lobbyist and they receive biased info.

Application to research- This source again bring up the topic of the executive legislative
power struggle. This theory has a lot of validity. The bureaucrats will be their before and
after most legislators. Further limiting the legislative branch could weaken this
relationship.
Greenblatt, Alan. "The Truth about Term Limits." Governing,
www.governing.com/topics/politics/Truth-Term-Limits.html. Accessed 2 Jan. 2017.
Summary- This article states that one huge problem with term limits is that it forces good
leaders out of office. As old leaders leave, the new legislatures are left without the
necessary experience and end up slashing budgets that were left aside for other projects.
The highly respected former Maine house speaker put his lifes work into a program for
expanded child care subsidies. His program was voted for almost unanimously. As soon
as he was forced out of office his very popular program was cut from the budget by new
legislatures who did not know what the money was for. But Maine, along with other term
limit states, is experiencing an added phenomenon: the orphaned program, vulnerable to
reduction or elimination because of the forced retirement of its champions. Looking
towards the future another trend seen in term-limited states is that the legislatures are less
likely to look towards the future. This side effect could prove fatal in the future. Another
side effect is whats called the revolving door. This is when legislators give special favors
to companies in exchange for cushy jobs when they leave office. This process is a longstanding tradition but term limits have expedited it.

Application to research- This article reinforces the ideas of the revolving door, pushing
out experienced leadership, and short-sidedness in terms of spending. The revolving door
is the idea that legislators will be given nice jobs at companies that they help with
legislation.
Johnson, Gary, and Bill Weld. "The Common Sense of Term Limits." Washington Times, edited
by Christopher Dolan, 28 June 2016, www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/jun/28/thecommon-sense-of-term-limits-for-congress/. Accessed 1 Nov. 2016. Summary- This
opinion piece was written by Gary Johnson in order to defend his platform on term limits
for congress. He says that by implementing term limits it would decrease the amount of
corruption in congress. Governing with term limits, I saw politicians do the right things
for the right reasons instead of whatever it took to get re-elected. Term limits gave me
the freedom to use my best judgment as governor.

Application to research- This is a very opinionated article coming from a presidential

candidate. Gary Johnson is the first mainstream politician that I have found that supports
term limits.
Jordan, Hamilton. "Memorandum to the President." 1 Sept. 1978. Natural Gas Telephone calls.
Letter. Summary- This is a memo is from Jimmy Carter chief of staff Hamilton Jordan.

This memo says who the president needs to call to convince to pass his natural
legislature. One name who stands out is the energy tycoon David Rockefeller. The
Rockefellers have been a very important and wealthy family. It has even been
hypothesized that over the years they have had many a politicians in their pockets. The
main idea of this memo is who and why the president must call in order to pass his
natural gas legislature. The author Hamilton Jordan clearly wants the legislature passed.
He tells the President who is standing in the way of the bill. In order to form an opinion I
would need to research the bill more. I would start by reading the bill and then research
why the people mentioned in the memo did not want it to pass.

Application to Research- This document contains the names of very powerful people of
this time. I need to research these people more. I would like to look at this bill more
closely. I think I will start applying my research to this bill.
Klemp, Richard. "Can It Be Both Effective and Ethical?" Ebsco, 26 Mar. 1993,
web.a.ebscohost.com/hrc/detail/detail?sid=13a5b709-d848-4bfd-a9b19e556449aaa1%40sessionmgr4010&vid=0&hid=4201&bdata=JnNpdGU9aHJjLWxpdm
U%3d#AN=9309135950&db=khh. Accessed 13 Oct. 2016. Summary- This speech was
delivered at the Wisconsin Psychiatric Association Legislative Institute Conference,
Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, March 26, 1993. The speaker is Richard Klemp who is a
professional lobbyist for Miller beer. He argues that Lobbying can be both effective and
ethical. Klemp also argues that lobbying is an essential part of business in this day and
age. He says he is not giving special interest groups a leg up but he is protecting the

workers by ensuring that states don't pass laws against alcohol.

Application to research- This shows the interesting perspective of a lobbyist. Lobbyist

truly believe that they are doing the right thing. This provides a different look and bias
into the overall topic of lobbying .
Loudon, Gina. "The Case against Term Limits." WND, 11 Jan. 2015,
www.wnd.com/2015/01/the-case-against-term-limits/. Accessed 11 Jan. 2017. SummaryThis is not an an article. It is on women's memoir. The one time term limit enthusiast
quickly saw the negative long term effects. Mrs. Loudon canvassed for signatures on the
petition for term limits and was glad to see the career politicians leave and the new
idealistic citizen legislatures come to power. I watched as my beloved term limits
were instituted, like the parent of a mass murderer stands helplessly by, as term limits
destroyed far more than they ever built. This illusion quickly faded and realization
dawned on her. She has a lot of complaints but her top 3 were: Absolute power doesnt
dissipate it transfers, Knowledge is power, and the old legislators did not disappear. She
noticed that when the power got taken from the legislature's it went to the lobbyists.
Another thing she noticed was that the less experienced legislators are left powerless.
While the old legislature leave office they do not leave politics. They join lobby firms.
She says that the major corporate lobby firms determine leadership positions within the
Missouri legislature.

Application to research- This is clearly an opinion piece. However her account of what
happened is still valid and needs to be examined.
McKibben, Bill. "Patriotic Acts." Patriotic Acts. EBSCO, web.a.ebscohost.com/hrc/detail/detail?
sid=0a1a49b2-5a12-4947-9931348bb4fea6b9%40sessionmgr4007&vid=0&hid=4106&bdata=JnNpdGU9aHJjLWxpdm
U%3d#AN=3768549&db=khh. Accessed 31 Oct. 2016. Originally published in Mother
Jones. Summary- This article talks about protests throughout time and their effect. The
two examples that are in this article are the vietnam war protests which the author's father
participated and the poverty protests. Both resulted in change. This article also shares
what protests to regulate lobbying have already been done. The author is trying to
provoke reform in the lobbying industry.

Application to research- This article shows another view into the lobbying industry. So
far I have found articles defending the lobby groups but now I have an example of a
group protesting the lobby industry. One lead protester is a woman by the name of granny
D.
"Out with the Old." The Economist, 16 May 2006, www.economist.com/node/5636402.
Accessed 18 Jan. 2017. Summary- This source suggests that while the short term effects
of term limits are good they fade away as one looks deeper into the issue. The source
implies that term limits were passed in Nebraska to remove old liberal legislators from
office. This source also suggests that with term limits state legislatures become "older
and whiter." The article points out the negative long term effects like the revolving door,

lobbyist take over, high turnover rates, and executive control. The revolving door is the
idea that a legislature will be given a nice job at a company in exchange for the
legislature voting on a bill that help the company. Using the Ohio state legislature as an
example the author described how the new legislatures were at first suspicious of
lobbyists eventually there were more lobbyists in the legislature. Across the board more
legislators with term limits lose their diversity. Not only is there less minority and women
representation but also most legislators are older. Younger people have less incentive to
run if they cannot make a career out of it. When a legislature whichs legislative bodies in
a bicameral system that is called turn over. The rate of turnover in term limited states is
much higher in term limited states. This is so legislators can stay in office for as long as
possible. Executive control is increased because a governor can typically stay in office
longer than legislators in term limited states. If a governor wants a bill passed then they
can wait till the legislators are out of office.

Application to research- This source brings up the idea of executive power. I had not
thought of this. More research needs to be conducted in this area.
Petracca, Mark P. Cato Institute Briefing Paper No. 14: Why Political Scientists Oppose Term
Limits. Cato, object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/bp014.pdf. Accessed 16 Jan.
2017. Summary- This source gives six reasons as to why political scientists generally
oppose term limits. They are Political Professionalism, Efficiency vs. Participation,
Skepticism about the Voters, Conservation of Leadership, A Threat to Academic

Professionalism, Political Partisanship, and The Challenge to Political Science. The first
reason is Political Professionalism is the work of political scientists to create better
government. They have helped establish the guidelines of what we view as good
politicians. With term limits this goes out the door with the career politicians. The second
thing, Efficiency vs. Participation, is another thing political scientists fear. While slow the
career politicians are somewhat efficient the political scientists do not know how the new
inexperienced citizen legislatures. The next reason is Skepticism about the Voters. The
job of a political scientist is to observe the nation. They need to challenge the public. The
fourth reason is Conservation of Leadership again political scientists work with
politicians. They focus on the leadership.With the trained experienced leadership,
political scientists can predict the steps that politicians will take. The fifth reason political
scientists are skeptical of term limits is Political Partisanship. Most political scientists are
liberal. Term limits are broadly a conservative idea. Even though political scientists are
supposed to be impartial they still have some partisanship. The last reason is The
Challenge to Political Science this is the threat of simply not knowing. Political scientists
are able to figure out and map out most issues. Term limits are so complex that they do
not know what will happen.

Application to research- The Cato institute is a conservative libertarian think tank with a
lot of credibility. While bias this answers some questions as to why political scientists
opposed term limits.

Phillips, Amber. "Sorry, Donald Trump. Term Limits for Congress Are (probably) Never, Ever
Going to Happen." The Washington Post, 18 Oct. 2016,
www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/10/18/sorry-donald-trump-term-limitsfor-congress-are-probably-never-ever-going-to-happen/. Accessed 31 Oct. 2016.
Summary- This article gives four reasons as to why congressional term limits are never
going to happen. The Supreme Court says passing term-limit laws is unconstitutional. In
a previous ruling the supreme court has struck down term limits. In order top pass term
limits it would take an amendment. The article suggests that congress is too grid locked
at the moment to pass something of this scale. The next reason is Constitutional
amendments are really, really, really hard to pass. Again the article suggests that congress
is to grid locked to pass them. Many political scientists think term limits are a bad idea.
This cannot be over stressed. As the article says many politicians have political scientists
as advisors, campaign staff, and chiefs of staff. Political scientists have a lot of access to
politicians. Lastly Congress would probably never agree to it (and never has). Many term
limit bills have been passed and so far non have passed.

Application to research- This is a very opinionated article. However it opens the gate for
further research. It provides good sub topics to look into.
"Public Policy Institute of California." Ballotpedia,
ballotpedia.org/Public_Policy_Institute_of_California. Accessed 18 Dec. 2016.
Summary- The Public Policy Institute of California is a private, nonpartisan 501(c)(3)
think tank based in San Francisco. This source says that the Public Policy Institute of

California is a not for profit organization They spend all of their time and money
researching and looking into the political landscape of California. They have three goals;
improving policy responses, planning for the future and understanding drivers of change.
The Public Policy Institute of California is well respected by the media. They conduct
their honest research through mass surveys.

Application to research- This source confirms that the Public Policy Institute of
California does not have any extreme bias. Everything has bias. However this research
paper does not have a huge amount.
Ramsey, Ross. "Conservatives Revive Proposals for Term Limits." Legislative Term Limits.
Excerpt originally published in New York Times [New York City], 7 Mar. 2013.
Summary- This source discusses a new bill that has be yet to be voted on. It would
require politicians to take one term off every two years. Latter it goes into four reasons as
to why they are a good idea. The first is it violates the voters right to keep an incumbent
in office. The author believes that due to the low rate of incumbency in the Texas
government voters do not want incumbents to stay for very long. The second reason is
that the author believes in other states incumbency can only be broken by a felony,
illness, birdbrained words or votes, and term limits are needed to balance that staying
power. The next reason is that incumbency lets other people like staff and lobbyists to
stay in office as long as possible. The last reason as to why the author believes term limits
are good is Twelve years is long enough to get things done or to make way for someone

who has not gone native to the ways of government.

Application to research- This source brings up valid reasons as to why term limits might
be good for this nation. I will need to do more research to find some negative outcomes
of these reasons.
"Should Congress Have Term Limits?" YouTube, 24 Dec. 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?
v=JIiPZ6M3oGI. Accessed 22 Jan. 2017. Summary- The video is by a man from the
Washington post who does not support term limits for two reasons. The first is
experience. The gentleman believes that their is a steep learning curve in congress and
that it takes a few term to learn how to do their job. The next reason is that they choke out
third parties. There are not a lot of third party candidates who would please the majority.
These parties would only exist for a few years. The author uses Bernie Sanders as an
example. Even though he ran for president as a democrat he has run multiple senate
campaigns as an independent. It is not very likely that their is a third party candidate to
replace him. The author offers two solutions. The first is by repealing the citizens united
case. This would eliminate the influence of super pacs and special interests. The second
solution is eliminating gerrymandering. This way politicians could accurately represent
their populations.

Application to research- This was a very well constructed video. I could look to this as an
example for my future project.
Slevin, Peter. "After Adopting Term Limits, States Lose Female Legislators." After Adopting
Term Limits, States Lose Female Legislators, by Peter Slevin. Originally published in
Washington Post. Summary- The percentage of female legislators in term-limited states is
falling across the board. This is the opposite effect proponents for term limits. The main
school of thought towards term limits is that it would increase minority and women in
office but it looks as though the opposite is true. This phenomenon is explained by former
Ohio speaker. "It's been hard to keep the numbers up," said Davidson, who was Ohio's
first female House speaker and now is co-chair of the Republican National Committee.
"We pick them up by ones and twos and threes. When all of a sudden you have 40-some
seats open, you don't have as many women step up as men to replace them." At the
moment their is the most minority and women representation in congress. The author
feels very strongly that it would be strongly against Americans interests to go back on
this social progress.

Application to research- This article shows that term limits do not have the desired effect
that people want. This is huge. So far many social improvements that term limits bring
about never come to fruition.
"State Legislatures with Term Limits." Ballotpedia,
ballotpedia.org/State_legislatures_with_term_limits. Accessed 10 Nov. 2016. SummaryThis article shows what states have term limits for state legislature, how many terms, and
when they took effect. It is simply data there's not much to write. This shows which states

have legislative term limits and when they were enacted.

Application to research- This gives my a starting place with researching term limits. I can
research the effect of term limits in each state. The most important part of this article is
whats listed below.

State
legislature

Limits in effect

Year limits imposed

Year limits
took effect

Arizona
Legislature

H: 4 terms (8
years)
S: 4 terms (8
years)

1992

H: 2000
S: 2000

Arkansas
Legislature

16 year
cumulative total,
in either or both

1992, modified 2014

H: 1998
S: 2000

California
Legislature

12 year
cumulative total,
in either or both

1990, modified 2012

A: 1996
S: 1998

Colorado
Legislature

H: 4 terms (8
years)
S: 2 terms (8
years)

1990

H: 1998
S: 1998

Florida
Legislature

H: 4 terms (8
years)
S: 2 terms (8
years)

1992

H: 2000
S: 2000

Louisiana
Legislature

H: 3 terms (12
years)
S: 3 terms (12
years)

1995

H: 2007
S: 2007

Maine
Legislature

H: 4 terms (8
years)
S: 4 terms (8
years)

1993

H: 1996
S: 1996

Michigan
Legislature

H: 3 terms (6
years)
S: 2 terms (8
years)

1992

H: 1998
S: 2002

Missouri
Legislature

H: 4 terms (8
years)
S: 2 terms (8
years)

Amendment 13 (1992)
(also see: Amendment 3
(2002)

H: 2002
S: 2002

Montana
Legislature

H: 4 terms (8
years)
S: 2 terms (8
years)

1992

H: 2000
S: 2000

Nebraska
Unicameral

S: 2 terms (8
years)

2000

S: 2008

Nevada
Legislature

A: 6 terms (12
years)
S: 3 terms (12
years)

Initiative passed in 1996,

took effect with those
elected in 1998

A: 2010
S: 2010

Ohio
Legislature

H: 4 terms (8
years)

1992

H: 2000

Oklahoma
Legislature

South Dakota
Legislature

S: 2 terms (8
years)

S: 2000

12 year
cumulative total,
in either or both

1990

2004 for
both
chambers

H: 4 terms (8
years)
S: 4 terms (8
years)

1992

H: 2000
S: 2000

"Ted Cruz: Term Limits an Effective Way to 'Drain the Swamp.'" YouTube, 5 Jan. 2017,
www.youtube.com/watch?v=fWaiwgshrlk. Accessed 22 Jan. 2017. Summary- Senator
and former presidential candidate Ted Cruz speaks out about term limits. He is for term
limits and believes the founders of this country wanted citizen legislators to come and
serve and then go back to their normal lives. He stated that he and several republican
senators as well as the president-elect are working to pass an amendment to create term
limits. He is fairly confident that they will pass.

Application to research- If legislative term limits pass then my research could be proven
true or false. This is still a very controversial issue and it would be cool to see if my
hypothesis is proven true or false
"Term Limits." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia 6th Edition. Ebsco,
web.a.ebscohost.com/hrc/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=590421ab-f3a6-4213-96983ff0dc2cdaa1%40sessionmgr4009&hid=4201&bdata=JnNpdGU9aHJjLWxpdmU

%3d#AN=39035674&db=khh. Excerpt originally published in Columbia Electronic

Encyclopedia 6th Edition. Summary- This article shows how deep rooted term limits are
in the American political system. The idea originated in 1787 when Delaware enacted
term limits. Now 15 states have term limits. In 1985 an amendment to bring legislative
term limits to the U.S. Constitution failed.

Application to research- This is article gives more background information on term

limits.
"Term Limits - an Overview." YouTube, uploaded by Americans for Congressional Term Limits,
14 July 2015, www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWZRQD89rNU. Accessed 22 Jan. 2017.
Summary- This source is a public service announcement by Americans for Congressional
Term Limits. The PSA includes reasons for term limits. The organization believes that
their should not be career politicians but citizens should serve for a term or two and go
back to being a citizen. The Americans for Congressional Term Limits also believe that
our government was built on checks and balances and that term limits are an effective
way to create an important and necessary check on congress. Another reason they give
for term limits is they believe that politicians have traded their voters best interests for the
interests of big donors and special interests. They believe that due to party support,
special interest backing, and gerrymandering are the reasons why incumbents stay in
office. The effect they say incumbents have on Washington are gridlock, debt,
government shutdowns, and waste. Term limits they believe will change politicians
focus from reelection to service. The video states that term limits are a common sense
idea and that the only reason they have not passed is because politicians do not want to

limit their power. Their solution is to call a convention of states and to pass the
constitutional amendment mandating term limits.

Application to research- This was a very well constructed video. I could look to this as an
example for my future project.
"U.S. Term Limits Inc. V. Thornton." Oyez, www.oyez.org/cases/1994/93-1456. Accessed 22
Jan. 2017. Summary- This is the information on the court case U.S. term limits inc v
Thornton. This case came to fruition after Arkansas passed term limits on their
Representatives and Senators. They were the first state to do this and the case was taken
the the supreme court. The question that came before the court was Can states alter those
qualifications for the U.S. Congress that are specifically enumerated in the Constitution?
The courts said no. This is the case that said that term limits went against the constitution.
The law was struck down 5-4 by the supreme court. Courts across America used this case
for precedent to strike down term limits across their state. It is because of this case that it
requires a constitutional amendment to create term limits.

Application to research- This case is what has delayed term limits. It gives precedence to
many politicians to oppose term limits.
Wilkie, Christina. "Top Lobbying Groups Spent $64 Million to Influence Congress, White
House." The Huffington Post, 23 Apr. 2015,
www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/04/23/lobbying-groups-gop_n_7130040.html. Accessed
20 Sept. 2016. Summery- This article is published by the Huffington Post. The article

presents the top fifteen lobby groups in terms of money at the beginning of 2015. The
U.S. Chamber of Commerce (not a federal institution) was on top after spending 19.5
million dollars. This resulted in the fast tracking of the TPP. Second behind the Chamber
was the National Association of Realtors. The group spent $7.7 million lobbying on
issues like flood insurance, which have risen in the past few years. Behind the Realtors
was the American Medical Association, which spent $6.7 million. Like the top two
donors, the doctors lobby claimed victory this spring, when both the House and Senate
voted to permanently fix a widely acknowledged flaw in the Medicare payment system.
Next was google who spent 5.5 million. This is the interesting contributor. Normally the
top contributors are those companies in tightly regulated fields. In America the internet is
hardly regulated. This reflect the lawsuits Google is stuck in abroad especially in Europe.
Google is paying congress to ignore these allegations.

Application to Research- These facts are very interesting and is good background for my
topic. I have also learned that when a different party takes over congress than money by
lobby groups increase.
Yakovlev, Pavel A., et al. "Legislative Term Limits and State Aid to Local Governments."
Legislative Term Limits and State Aid to Local Governments. Summary- This study from
the universities of Duquesne, Nevada, and Pittsburgh goes into the economics of term
limits. The areas of study are the effects on; state revenue, welfare, highways, health,
education and state aid to local government. This study finds that term limits lead to more
money given to local governments in terms of pork barrel spending. (Thought: with the

state governments being skipped how does this affect the federalist system? Does it
cripple it? Need more info on this.) Weather this money that goes to the local govt is
efficient or not, has yet to be studied. This study finds that there is not a huge difference
in state revenue. This coincides with many other studies. Term limits might decrease the
money going to public schooling and welfare. Even though this study finds that term
limits do not affect the overall state revenue they do affect education and welfare.

Application to research- This source was good but hard to understand. I need more
research on the effect of term limits on a state's economy and its effect on federalism. I
need to reread this article to gain optimal understanding.