Lab - Manual Icg by Sarika

LAB MANUAL
INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS
PROGRAMS USING C/C++
MANUAL BY:
Ms. SARIKA ARORA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
E-mail: asarika26@gmail.com
Computer Graphics
By: Ms. Sarika Arora
Declaration
Declaration
Computer Graphics
Declaration
Declaration
Computer Graphics
Declaration
Declaration
Computer Graphics
Declaration
Computer Graphics
Declaration
Computer Graphics
Declaration
Basic Structure of a graphics program:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>//must be included for every graphics program
#include<conio.h>
#include<dos.h> //for including delay function.
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm; //gd=detects best available graphics driver, gm =graphics mode.
initgraph(&gd,&gm,C:\\TC\\BGI);// for initializing graph mode
// above 2 steps are must for every graphics program.
//declaration of any variables must be done before calling initgraph() function.
// next write code for producing requiring design or drawing object
line(100,100,200,200);//draws a line segment.
getch();
}
Computer Graphics
1. Program to show GRAPHIC DRIVER AND MODE NAME.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int a,b;
initgraph(&gd,&gm," ");
setbkcolor(BLUE);
setcolor(GREEN);
a=getmaxx();
b=getmaxy();
line(15,15,(a-30),15);
line(15,15,15,(b-30));
printf("\n\n\tThe Graphic driver name is %s",getdrivername());
printf("\tThe Graphic mode name is %d",getgraphmode());
outtextxy(0,0,"(0,0)");
outtextxy((a-70),5,"(x-axis)");
outtextxy(10,(b-30),"(y-axis)");
getch();
closegraph();
}
Computer Graphics
2. Program to make SMILEY AND HALF MOON

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\turboc3\\bgi");
clrscr();
setcolor(RED);
outtextxy(250,20,"Smily_Face");
line(250,29,330,29);
setcolor(WHITE);
ellipse(55,93,90,305,50,45);
ellipse(58,92,95,270,40,45);
setcolor(MAGENTA);
circle(400,300,60);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,LIGHTRED);
floodfill(401,301,MAGENTA);
setcolor(1);
ellipse(378,270,0,360,10,15);
setcolor(1);
ellipse(418,270,0,360,10,15);
line(400,290,400,320);
setcolor(4);
arc(400,330,180,360,20);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Computer Graphics
3. Program to print a shape of OLYMPIC RING.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
setcolor(RED);
circle(250,200,50);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,RED);
floodfill(250,200,RED);
setcolor(GREEN);
circle(250,200,30);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,GREEN);
floodfill(250,200,GREEN);
setcolor(BLUE);
circle(250,200,15);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLUE);
floodfill(250,200,BLUE);
setcolor(RED);
circle(370,200,50);
setcolor(GREEN);
circle(370,200,30);
setcolor(BLUE);
circle(370,200,15);
setcolor(RED);
circle(310,250,50);
setcolor(GREEN);
Computer Graphics
circle(310,250,30);
setcolor(BLUE);
circle(310,250,15);
setcolor(YELLOW);
outtextxy(260,320,"OLYMPIC RING");
getch();
closegraph();
}
Computer Graphics
4. Program to print grapes on the screen.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gm,gd;
gd=DETECT;
rectangle(265,140,365,150);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BROWN);
floodfill(266,141,WHITE);
rectangle(310,150,315,158);
ellipse(312,179,0,360,13,20);
ellipse(290,179,0,360,13,20);
ellipse(270,179,0,360,13,20);
ellipse(335,179,0,360,13,20);
ellipse(356,179,0,360,13,20);
ellipse(346,210,0,360,13,20);
ellipse(326,210,0,360,13,20);
Computer Graphics
ellipse(305,210,0,360,13,20);
ellipse(285,210,0,360,13,20);
ellipse(336,241,0,360,13,20);
ellipse(316,241,0,360,13,20);
ellipse(296,241,0,360,13,20);
ellipse(306,272,0,360,13,20);
ellipse(326,272,0,360,13,20);
ellipse(316,303,0,360,13,20);
outtextxy(290,100,"GRAPES");
getch();
closegraph();
}
Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics
5. Program to draw a cycle.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd,gm;
gd=DETECT;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"EGAVGA.BGI");
setbkcolor(YELLOW);
setcolor(DARKGRAY);
circle(150,280,70);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,DARKGRAY);
floodfill(150,280,DARKGRAY);
circle(150,280,50);
circle(500,280,70);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,DARKGRAY);
circle(500,280,50);
//seat line
setcolor(DARKGRAY);
line(150,210,500,210);
line(310,189,310,210);
line(320,189,320,210);
setcolor(RED);
ellipse(315,189,0
,360,25,10);
//end seat line
setcolor(DARKGRAY);
line(500,195,500,210);
line(485,195,485,210);
setcolor(DARKGRAY);
setfillstyle(LINE_FILL,BROWN);
pieslice(492,195,0,180,30);
setcolor(GREEN);
setfillstyle(HATCH_FILL,BROWN);
bar3d(132,165,155,188,5,1);
setcolor(DARKGRAY);
//front vertical line
line(150,150,150,210);
//handle line
line(132,122,180,190);
setcolor(BROWN);
ellipse(132,112,0,360,2,15);
Computer Graphics
floodfill(132,112,BROWN);
ellipse(180,180,0,360,2,15);
floodfill(180,180,BROWN);
//dia line
setcolor(DARKGRAY);
line(445,210,417,322);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BLACK);
pieslice(150,280,0,45,50);
pieslice(150,280,45,90,50);
pieslice(150,280,90,135,50);
pieslice(150,280,135,180,50);
pieslice(150,280,180,225,50);
pieslice(150,280,225,270,50);
pieslice(150,280,270,315,50);
pieslice(150,280,315,360,50);
pieslice(500,280,0,45,50);
pieslice(500,280,45,90,50);
pieslice(500,280,90,135,50);
pieslice(500,280,135,180,50);
pieslice(500,280,180,225,50);
pieslice(500,280,225,270,50);
pieslice(500,280,270,315,50);
pieslice(500,280,315,360,50);
setlinestyle(DOTTED_LINE,2,8);
line(165,210,483,349);
//PADDLES
setcolor(DARKGRAY);
line(300,270,270,300);
line(320,276,348,248);
rectangle(338,235,355,248);
rectangle(279,313,261,300);
setcolor(RED);
rectangle(50,40,590,440);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics
6. Program to draw a line using DIRECT METHOD.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int x,y,m,dx,dy,b,x1,y1,x2,y2;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\turboc3\\bgi");
clrscr();
printf("Enter coordinates of a line");
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);
dy=y2-y1;
dx=x2-x1;
m=dy/dx;
b=y-(m*x);
printf("m=%d\tb=%d",m,b);
for(x=x1;x<x2;x++)
{
if(m<1)
{
y=m*x+b;
putpixel(x,y,1);
}
}
for(y=y1;y<y2;y++)
{
if(m>=1)
{
x=(y-b)/m;
putpixel(x,y,1);
}
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics
7. Program to show working of DDA LINE ALGORITHM.

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int x1,x2,y1,y2,m,x,y;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"d:\\tc\\bgi");
cleardevice();
printf("enter the values of x1 and y1\n");
scanf("%d%d",&x1,&y1);
printf("enter the value of x2 and y2\n");
m=(y2-y1)/(x2-x1);
printf("%d",m);
if(m<1)
{
y=y1;
for(x=x1;x<=x2;x++,y+=m)
putpixel(x,y,2);
}
else
{
x=x1;
for(y=y1;y<=y2;y++,x+=1/m)
putpixel(x,y,3);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics
8. Program to show working of BRESENHAM LINE DRAWING

ALGORITHM.
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int x1,x2,y1,y2,m,p,dy,dx,y,x;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
printf("enter the value of x1,y1\n");
printf("enterthe value of x2 and y2\n");
dy=y2-y1;
dx=x2-x1;
p=2*dy-dx;
if(p<0)
{
y=y1;
for(x=x1;x<=x2;x++,y=y)
putpixel(x,y,2);
p=p+2*dy;
}
else
{
x=x1;
for(y=y1;y<=y2;y+=1,x+=1)
putpixel(x,y,4);
p=p+2*dy-2*dx;
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics
9. Program to show working of BRESENHAM CIRCLE DRAWING

ALGORITHM.
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
void plotpixel(int,int);
int xc,yc;
void main()
{
int r,x,y,p;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
printf("enter the values of xc and yc\n");
scanf("%d%d",&xc,&yc);
printf("enterthe values of r\n");
scanf("%d",&r);
x=0;
y=r;
p=3-2*r;
while(x<y)
{
if(p<0)
{
x=x+1;
y=y;
plotpixel(x,y);
p=p+4*x+6;
}
else
{
x=x+1;
y=y-1;
plotpixel(x,y);
p=p+4*(x-y)+10;
}
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
void plotpixel(x,y)
{
putpixel(xc+x,yc+y,1);
putpixel(xc+y,yc+x,2);
putpixel(xc-x,yc+y,3);
putpixel(xc-y,yc+x,4);
Computer Graphics
putpixel(xc-x,yc-y,5);
putpixel(xc-y,yc-x,6);
putpixel(xc+x,yc-y,7);
putpixel(xc+y,yc-x,1);
}
Computer Graphics
10.Program to TRANSLATE AN OBJECT from one place to another.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int x,y,tx,ty,x1,y1,x2,y2,xt,yt,xt1,yt1;
clrscr();
printf("Enter coordinates:");
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);
rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);
printf("Enter translation factor towards x-axis:");
scanf("%d",&tx);
printf("Enter translation factor towards y-axis:");
scanf("%d",&ty);
xt=x1+tx;
yt=y1+ty;
xt1=x2+tx;
yt1=y2+ty;
rectangle(xt,yt,xt1,yt1);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics
11. Program to translate a circle.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,x1,y1,tx,ty,r;
printf("enter center points and radius");
scanf("%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&r);
circle(x1,y1,r);
printf("enter translation factor");
scanf("%d%d",&tx,&ty);
x1=x1+tx;
y1=y1+ty;
printf("translated circle:");
setcolor(RED);
circle(x1,y1,r);
outtextxy(x1,y1,"translated circle");
getch();
closegraph();
}
Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics
12.Program to SCALE AN OBJECT.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm;
int x,y,sx,sy,x1,y1,x2,y2,xs,ys,xs1,ys1;
setbkcolor(GREEN);
printf("Enter coordinates:");
scanf("%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);
rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);
printf("Enter scaling factor towards x-axis:");
scanf("%d",&sx);
printf("ENTER SCALING FACOR TOWARDS Y-AXIS:");
scanf("%d",&sy);
xs=x1*sx;
ys=y1*sy;
xs1=x2*sx;
ys1=y2*sy;
printf("\n AFTER SCALING");
rectangle(xs,ys,xs1,ys1);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics
13.Program to ROTATE AN OBJECT.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
int r,x1=150,y1=100,x2=100,y2=200,x3=200,y3=200;
float xr,xn1,yn1,xn2,yn2,xn3,yn3;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
cleardevice();
printf("enter the angle of rotation\n");
scanf("%d",&r);
cleardevice();
printf("after rotation by %d degrees",r);
outtextxy(500,200,"rotation");
xr=(r*3.14)/180;
xn1=x1*cos(xr)-y1*sin(xr);
yn1=y1*cos(xr)+x1*sin(xr);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
setcolor(3);
line(xn1,yn1,xn2,yn2);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics
14.Program to translate an object USING MATRIX method.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,a[3][3],sx,sy,b[3][3],k,sum=0,c[3][3],e,f,g,h,m,l;
clrscr();
printf("enter the value of tx,ty\n");
scanf("%d%d",&sx,&sy);
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
if(i==j)
{
a[i][j]=1;
}
else
{
a[i][j]=0;
}
}
}
a[0][2]=sx;
a[1][2]=sy;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("enter the values of x1,x2,x3 as vertices of triangle\n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
if(i==0)
printf("enter the value of y1,y2,y3\n");
if(i==1)
printf("please enter the 1 for identical matrix\n");
}
Computer Graphics
e=b[0][0];
f=b[1][0];
g=b[0][1];
h=b[1][1];
m=b[0][2];
l=b[1][2];
line(e,f,g,h);
line(g,h,m,l);
line(m,l,e,f);
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",b[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("after multiplication\n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
sum=0;
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
{
sum=sum+a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
c[i][j]=sum;
}
}
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",c[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
e=c[0][0];
f=c[1][0];
g=c[0][1];
h=c[1][1];
m=c[0][2];
l=c[1][2];
line(e,f,g,h);
line(g,h,m,l);
Computer Graphics
line(m,l,e,f);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Computer Graphics
15.Program to scale an object USING MATRIX.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,a[3][3],sx,sy,b[3][3],k,sum=0,c[3][3],e=0,f=0,g=0,h=0,m=0,l=0;
int gd=DETECT,gm;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"..\\bgi");
clrscr();
printf("enter the value ofsx,sy\n");
scanf("%d%d",&sx,&sy);
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
if(i==j)
{
a[i][j]=1;
}
else
{
a[i][j]=0;
}
}
}
a[0][0]=sx;
a[1][1]=sy;
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",a[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("enter the values of x1,x2,x3 as vertices of triangle\n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
if(i==0)
printf("enter the value of y1,y2,y3\n");
Computer Graphics
if(i==1)
printf("please enter the 1 for identical matrix\n");
}
e=b[0][0];
f=b[1][0];
g=b[0][1];
h=b[1][1];
m=b[0][2];
l=b[1][2];
printf("\nbefore the scaling\n");
line(e,f,g,h);
line(g,h,m,l);
line(m,l,e,f);
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",b[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("after multiplication\n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
sum=0;
for(k=0;k<3;k++)
{
sum=sum+a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
c[i][j]=sum;
}
}
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",c[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
e=c[0][0];
f=c[1][0];
g=c[0][1];
h=c[1][1];
Computer Graphics
m=c[0][2];
l=c[1][2];
//printf("\n showing values of e:%d,f:%d,g:%d,h:%d,m:%d,l:%d\n",e,f,g,h,m,l);
printf("\nafter the scaling\n");
line(e,f,g,h);
line(g,h,m,l);
line(m,l,e,f);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics
16.Write a program to implement Reflection in 2D with respect to x axis.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<math.h>
void coor(int x,int y)
{
line(x,y-219,x,y+219);
line(x-300,y,x+300,y);
outtextxy(x,y-219,"(y)");
outtextxy(x-300,y+4,"-x)");
outtextxy(x,y+219,"(-y)");
outtextxy(x+290,y+4,"(x)");
outtextxy(x,y+4,"(0,0)");
}
void center(int *x,int *y)
{
*x=getmaxx()/2;
*y=getmaxy()/2;
}
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm,x,y,x1,y1,x2,y2,x3,y3,x4,y4,choice;
float sx,sy;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:/TurboC3/BGI");
x=getmaxx()/2;
y=getmaxy()/2;
//cout<<x<<" "<<y;
coor(x,y);
center(&x,&y);
cout<<"Enter the first point";
cin>>x1>>y1;
cout<<"Enter the secound point";
cin>>x2>>y2;
rectangle(x+x1,y-y1,x+x2,y-y2);
getch();
cleardevice();
coor(x,y);
center(&x,&y);
cout<<"\nRotation towards the x axis";
x3=x1;
Computer Graphics
y3=-y1;
x4=x2;
y4=-y2;
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
Computer Graphics
Output:
After Refelection towards the x axies :
Computer Graphics
17.Write a program to implement Reflection in 2D with respect to y axis.

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<math.h>
{
line(x,y-219,x,y+219);
line(x-300,y,x+300,y);
}
{
*x=getmaxx()/2;
*y=getmaxy()/2;
}
int main()
{
float sx,sy;
x=getmaxx()/2;
y=getmaxy()/2;
//cout<<x<<" "<<y;
coor(x,y);
center(&x,&y);
cin>>x1>>y1;
cin>>x2>>y2;
getch();
cleardevice();
coor(x,y);
center(&x,&y);
cout<<"\nReflection towards the y axis";
x3=-x1;
Computer Graphics
y3=y1;
x4=-x2;
y4=y2;
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
Computer Graphics
Output:
After Refelection towards the y axies :
Computer Graphics
18.Write a program to implement Reflection in 2D with respect to Origin.

#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<math.h>
{
line(x,y-219,x,y+219);
line(x-300,y,x+300,y);
}
{
*x=getmaxx()/2;
*y=getmaxy()/2;
}
int main()
{
float sx,sy;
x=getmaxx()/2;
y=getmaxy()/2;
//cout<<x<<" "<<y;
coor(x,y);
center(&x,&y);
cin>>x1>>y1;
cin>>x2>>y2;
getch();
cleardevice();
coor(x,y);
center(&x,&y);
cout<<"\nReflection towards the Origen(xy axis)";
x3=-x1;
Computer Graphics
y3=-y1;
x4=-x2;
y4=-y2;
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
Computer Graphics
Output:
After Refelection towards the origin :
Computer Graphics

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LAB MANUAL

INTERACTIVE COMPUTER GRAPHICS

PROGRAMS USING C/C++

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

Basic Structure of a graphics program:

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

1. Program to show GRAPHIC DRIVER AND MODE NAME.

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

2. Program to make SMILEY AND HALF MOON

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

3. Program to print a shape of OLYMPIC RING.

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

4. Program to print grapes on the screen.

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

5. Program to draw a cycle.

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

6. Program to draw a line using DIRECT METHOD.

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

7. Program to show working of DDA LINE ALGORITHM.

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

8. Program to show working of BRESENHAM LINE DRAWING

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

9. Program to show working of BRESENHAM CIRCLE DRAWING

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

10.Program to TRANSLATE AN OBJECT from one place to another.

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

11. Program to translate a circle.

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

12.Program to SCALE AN OBJECT.

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

13.Program to ROTATE AN OBJECT.

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

14.Program to translate an object USING MATRIX method.

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

15.Program to scale an object USING MATRIX.

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

16.Write a program to implement Reflection in 2D with respect to x axis.

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

By: Ms. Sarika Arora

After Refelection towards the x axies :