Hebrews 4:12 The Word of God is alive and active, sharper than a double-edged sword.

It cuts all
the way through to where soul and spirit meet, to where joints and marrow come together. It judges
the desires and thoughts of the heart. (2) II Timothy. 3: 16-17 (16) All scripture is inspired by
God, and is useful for teaching the truth, rebuking errors, correcting faults, and giving instruction
for right living. (17) So that the person who serves God may be fully qualified and equipped to do
every kind of good deed. (NIV)

WHY IS THIS CASE CONSIDERED A

REVOLUTIONARY AND GAME-CHANGING
ONE FOR THE GRAIN COAST (SO-CALLED
LIBERIA)
A LITERATURE OF HOW SOME JANUARY 2013 CRUEL
TREATMENT OF ONE NATIVE OR INDIGENOUS ROLAND
KARTEE AT THE LIBERIA PETROLEUM REFINING (EVEN
THOUGH TRULY STORAGE) COMPANY HAS FORTUNATELY
TURNED OUT TO EXPOSE ALL OF THE HUGE MESS THAT HAVE
BEEN HOLDING THIS COUNTRY DOWN FOR 194 YEARS NOW

(1).If you do not feel the call at the sight of human distress, disease or devastation from the right,
[then], how can you muster the determination and dedication necessary to serve the unseen,
inscrutable, and mysterious God? When you do not love man, your heart will [NEVER] serve God
Sri Sathga Sai Baba, Indian Spiritual Leader..(2). Throughout history, it has been the inaction of
those who could have acted; the indifference of those who should have known better; the silence of
the voice of justice when it mattered most [etc.] that have made it possible for evil to triumph.
Haile Selassie, former Ethiopian Emperor (3) Change will not come if we wait for some other
person, or some other time. We are the ones we have been waiting for. We are the ones we seek.
President Barack Obama, United States of America

PAMPHLET #1
(COMPILED: JANUARY 2013 APRIL 2015; DRAFTED: APRIL 2015 DECEMBER 2016;
PUBLISHED: JANUARY 2017)

PREPARED BY: THE PLAIN TRUTH REVOLUTION [COMPANY

NAME] | [COMPANY ADDRESS]

Note: Apart from other smaller articles for your ongoing reading, we have 7 main revolutionary
pamphlets, with four addendums or extensions, totaling 11 revolutionary pamphlets. To save time
for reading the main contents in each of the 7 main pamphlet, we urge you to only bother yourself
with the reading of the acknowledgement sections of only two of these 7 BIG pamphlets these two
include the pamphlet, Why is this case considered a revolutionary and game-changing one for
Liberia, which is a stand-alone and a MUST read pamphlet in its entirety, and the pamphlet,
Why Do We Need a Complete Revolution and How can we go about it. The remaining 5
pamphlets carry the same content in those preliminary sections, which you dont necessarily have
to go through, once you have done so for the two pamphlets named above. Meanwhile, these
preliminary or introductory sections (i.e. the acknowledgements and the dedications) are relatively
the same across all of our pamphlets, especially the last 5, which are entirely homogeneous.
Thanks for helping to save time, and enhancing your revolutionary reading experience.
SPEICAL NOTES:
Because of our incapacity to verify every name by its exact spelling or to get the full names of
some of our sources for one reason or the other, we are placing single quotes around names
whose spellings we were unable to verify and names we also failed to get in full. We apologize
if any of your names fall into this category.
Entries on our table of contents dont necessarily suggest subtitles in the main work. They are
basically meant to provide clues for what ideas form part of the content on each page
Because we are not Liberians, talk less about being Americo-Liberians, who ABSOLUTELY

hate to right their wrongs wherever they fall short, and will prefer to go on living in their
MESS forever, we, of the Plain Truth Revolution, are open to corrections and updates to these
documents or articles every step of the way. We therefore encourage you to please feel free to
send your corrections, comments, opinions etc. to any of our articles at
plaintruthrevolution@gmail.com or plaintruthrevolution@yahoo.co.uk etc. and we will
assess those points, and where necessary make the appropriate corrections and updates to
our work, then repost the affected material to our internet sites, and inform ALL about such
development.
Being people of faith in God, we are highly influenced by an argument presented in one

blogpost from a social counsellor called Maria Lourdes Macabasco which suggests that
every human being, and by extension is every nation or every unit of people, is a house with
four rooms a physical room, a mental room, an emotional room, and a spiritual room. The
beautiful argument stressed in Macabasscos blogpost, which our revolution absolutely
agrees with, is that unless we go into each of these four rooms every day to do some clean up,
we are never a complete person or entity. Considering these four key dimensions of our
national lives, and after having thoroughly dissected our countrys problems, the Plain Truth
Revolution is completely convicted that our problem is more spiritual in nature and weight
than it is with the other three dimensions, thus, requiring our battle at hand for freedom and
the deliverance of our country to be a battle of wills, spirit, and soul, rather than a battle of
AK 47s and Rocket Launchers. As such, we back almost all of our arguments with concepts
from Gods Holy Scriptures be it the Bible, the Quran etc. in all of our work because this is
our most suitable weapon of choice in this very crucial war without violence for the
redemption of the dead soul of our dear country. We believe in the Word of God because all
through history it has demonstrated itself as the best lamb to humanitys feet and the best
light to our paths, according to King David. The Word of God illuminates; it clearly reveals
to us what is good and what is bad; it shows us who is wise and who is unwise.

ii

It is the ultimate tool in helping us learn the best possible life to live. Gods Word is true, plain
and simple. It is the only thing that can sanctify or clean up a very DIRTY, NASTY and
DANGEROUS situation like ours in this country. Gods Word is living, active, powerful, and
sharper than any double-edged sword piercing even to the division of the soul and spirit, and
of the joint and marrow, and it is the discerner of the thoughts of mans heart. The Word of
God, our Plain Truth Revolutions weapon of choice, is the only best weapon used for very
close range combats rather than long range warfare, and our countrys battle requires a closerange engagement.
Again, based upon our background of faith, and with the Word of God being our weapon of
choice, we are massive in our information gathering, information dissemination, awareness
creation, and all of our other civic actions for that matter because the Word of God has
instructed us to do so. For instance, in the Book of Proverbs Chapter 18, verses 13, 15, and 18,
we are thought and instructed respectively that the first step, and yea the first principle, to
solving any [gigantic] problem, like our countrys problem at hand, is to gather all the facts
first, NOT some; the second step is to open up to new ideas, or to invite more ideas in solving
the problem, and the third step is to create room for hearing from all, or the both sides of the
divide, or parties to the problem. Our writings therefore are massive because they are not
intended merely for sensation; they are meant to speak for every generation of our country
(past, current and future); they are intended to provide lead to all of the 7 big constituencies
that our revolution represents etc.
Parts of our presentation may appear rather unconventional; some of the facts and arguments

we present may appear overemphasized or oversimplified; our article titles also may appear too
long and verbose etc. whichever the case, to your inconvenience. If this ever happens, we beg
your pardon to muster the courage and read on; make your own sense out of the work. For we
are revolutionaries, battling by all means to change a terrible situation, God willing, that sadly
no one in our country wants to ever bother themselves trying to solve from the very root, for 2
centuries now. We therefore have vowed never to be restricted though in a positive and
constructive sense too much by conventions, norms, or protocols etc. One of our big time
inspirations, President John F. Kennedy, Americas 35th President has told us, Conformity is
the jailer of progress and the enemy of growth, while another compatriot of his, American
guitarist and music writer, Frank Zappah says, Without deviation from the norm, there can
never be any progress. We are inspired by these admonishments to use our common sense in
going to the extra mile to make our points very clear and the arguments granular. And
sometimes single facts presented many times only serve to support different arguments.
The Acknowledgement Section for each one of the pamphlets is divided into three (a) the
personal acknowledgement section, which highlights units, individuals, institutions, and nations
that the vision bearer of this enterprise and the primary author of these literatures himself has
decided to give credit to for impacting his life; (b) the general revolutionary acknowledgement
section, which features every entity, individual, institution, and nation whose influence and
activities have facilitated the right knowledge, enlightenment, conditions and so forth to make this
revolutionary idea possible; and (c) the Special Revolutionary acknowledgement section, the last
section of our acknowledgment which brings in each party that has helped verify all of our
historical research findings by adding the current reality flavor to them. (This is a MUST read
section as it serves as the main trigger for to kindle your final decision about whether to buy in to
the Plain Truth Revolutionary idea or to reject it). Welcome on board.

iii

PERSONAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am grateful first of all to God Almighty for life, health, and all of His countless blessings and
endowments. I now have a family of five (my dear fiance, Miss Alice Wamah, our three children: two
of which are our respective stepchildren, with the other being biological to this young relationship
Joyful, Courage and Stamina, none above 11). This family has been going through the most difficult of
times and circumstances since we decided to put aside all of our personal ambitions to constructively
dig behind our countrys mountainous woes for exactly 4 years now. I am profoundly grateful to each
member of my family. I am also proud of a strong parental background derived from the union of Mr.
Tarkpor R. Kartee and Mrs. Moinma Gweh Kartee (deceased). This is not a materially wealthy family,
but instead a family strongly rooted in moral and spiritual values, and my parents were so keen on
passing these traits and disciplines to us, their offspring. I remain grateful to my parents forever.
No real man will do without the right woman, as these people truly put up the backing required for
success, and a womans upbringing and continuous background support are responsible for making her
that right woman. To this end, I am proud to extend heartfelt thanks and appreciation to all my inlaws, including Mr. & Mrs. Solomon and Krubah Wamah, Mr. & Mrs. Sylvester and Linda Julius, and
Mary David etc., all of whom have stood by our side during these difficult times of ours. I moreover
owe a deep sense of gratitude to all of my siblings and relatives, all of who have been by our side,
including Zaye, Parlone, Zota, Zlanwoun, and Joseph Kartee etc., then Messrs. John A. K. Leabeh,
Meiway Barlea, Dearzrua Deemi, Austin Kartee etc.
To have attained the level of education, insight, motivation, grit, courage, confidence, and faith among
other virtues, strong enough to embolden me to think about embarking on this very dangerous and
seemingly uncertain journey of working to revolutionize an old, barren, and cruelly complex society
like ours, has truly been the concerted efforts and collective contributions of many persons and
institutions that have helped to make me, some of which I interacted with so closely in my life than
others. Note: I used the expression cruelly complex here for many deep reasons, but without any
prejudice to my 98% vast underclass suffering people of this land. Moreover, some necessary
opportunities and platforms (howbeit in disguise) have also availed themselves to enhance and sharpen
these possibilities and motivations above. The institutions and individuals who have worked together to
make all these possible are all so dear to me, and thus, I would like to mention each of them here. For
those of you that I may not be able to enlist, owing to one reason or the other, please be informed that
my heart remains with you in appreciation.
That been said, I would like to extend heartfelt thanks and appreciation to each of the below, some for
similar reasons, while others for quite different reasons, which I will try to provide hints on:
1. My father has been very appreciative about the great role that one family friend, an American Peace
Corps volunteer, Mr. Mitchel Markowitz, played in my life from the very point of hearing about my
mothers conception with me, all through to my infancy and early childhood in Sanniquellie, Nimba
County, Liberia, during the mid to late 1970s. The story is long and fascinating, but this is a man to
whom I remain very grateful, though I wasnt able to know him in person before his departure, and
I still dont know his whereabouts if hes even still alive by now not in the United States, though
its my wish that he still be alive.
2. The Seventh Day Adventist Church this is a church, which has inculcated into our family line the
dominant culture of speaking nothing else other than the truth all the way, and living nothing else
other than this hard, plain truth, even if it meant that things went against us in this treacherous life. I

iv

have even though been the kind of person who prioritizes righteousness (meaning, some high level
of moral uprightness) over religiosity in my daily deeds.
3. All of the Instructors under whose voices I have sat from my elementary days to my postgraduate level in institutions such as R.S. Caulfield (Unification Town, Liberia), Protestant
Methodist Resource Center (Danane, La Cote dIvoire), University of Liberia, Cuttington Graduate
School etc.
4. Mr. Kamau M. Lizwelicha and Mrs. Sophie Hobbs both USAID/GEMAP Controllers with the
Liberia Petroleum Refining (Storage) Company/LPRC, for a combined period of about 3 years.
These two Americans, who apparently saw some great deal of potentials in me, made sure that I was
enlisted for almost every training event at LPRC during their stay (whether technical, academic, or
administrative), to the point that I sometimes attended different training programs simultaneously.
My close professional relationships with each of these two Americans prove very rewarding.
5. The Liberia Petroleum Refining (Storage) Company/LPRC this is the place/company where I
have spent all my work life at different levels for more than 10 years. They helped greatly in
making me. Im proud to mention all of the managing directors I served from my cadet days in
2000, to the day I was rudely driven out of my office in 2013. The MDs include Belle Dunbar,
Edwin Snowe, Harry Greaves and Thomas Williams. I owe all of you a great depth of gratitude.
6. Mr. John M. Dukuly my current boss at the Management Information Systems Department this
man strongly understands, among many things, a very key aspect of building institutions, called
succession planning. Mr. Dukuly truly empowers and enables his subordinates.
7. Mr. John K. Wangolo my former boss, who is currently at the Central Bank of Liberia. My
professional experience with these two John bosses have been almost exactly the same
8. Mrs. Doris Zor (and children Gloria, Prince and Delcontee) this is my current landlady. As I
will be defending throughout this literature, I have always been guided in life by the principle of
Learning By Doing. Owing to a peasant background and my appreciable level of business
knowledge, I had just embarked, as an employedpreneur on the establishment and subsequent
running of a conglomerate in my own right. This is an enterprise I envisaged to have helped employ
thousands of fellow countrymen and to have gotten enlisted on international stock indices or
markets one day a dream also influenced by my admiration of the person that I grade, based on
my research, as the most productive president of Liberia, Bill Tolbert the only man whose family
ran the only outstanding indigenous conglomerate that has ever existed in Liberia, the Mesurado
Group of Companies. It was during the Death Valley curve of my part of indigenous conglomerate,
the Innovative Farmers Enterprises, IFEnt Inc. at the time when the family could not even afford
to keep a dime anymore in savings that the LPRC witch hunt struck us, in January 2013. This
situation effectively translated into our complete inability to pay our rent and all other financial
obligations. Four years on, our landlady has borne with us; meaning, we now owe her rental arrears
of more than US$7,500. It takes a persons total submission to God to be so understanding and
patient like this, in present day Liberia. My family and all the faithful well-wishers and would-be
members of this revolution owe her a huge debt of gratitude forever. Evidence of the extraordinary
ambitions behind the now paused Innovative Farmers Enterprises Inc.s business dream can be
attested to, and substantiated to some extent, by separate individuals and institutions, both local and
international, including Sruti Ravi (GRM International, Dubai, the UAE), Oliver Mathieson (GRM
International, London, UK), Ecobank Liberia and United Bank for Africa (both of which IFEnt

opened separate corporate accounts with, but all now sadly run deep into negatives for bank charges
because of this rudely abrupt interference again with our plans at its very infancy by the cruel
Americo- Liberians.
9. Several family friends and revolutionary well-wishers who believe that the time has come for an
unconditional and positive change, no matter the launching pad for the activities of this change,
have stood by our side every step of the way in different respects. The most notable among them is
Mr. Tony T. Bleh, who deeply shares with us the ideologies of this revolution, and has been
working to demonstrate this conviction. We also are very grateful here to Messrs. Alphonso Togba,
Manju Kamara, Musa Barry, Saah Joe, John Mulbah, Steven Chea, Jamel Constance, Samuel
Wallace, Abdulai Nyei, Nulleh Ngafuan, Morris Paye etc. and all those we may not be able to
name now. All of these people have stood by us one way or the other, and we appreciate them so
dearly.
10. While it is true I made mention of LPRC in general as a company above, and appreciated with
distinction the MDs during whose administrations I served the entity, making specific reference also
to my immediate boss, Mr. Dukuly, in appreciation, I am additionally very thankful to all of you
below, former and current workmates, who during our (meaning the Kartees familys) 4 years now
of being illegally kept out of payroll and made to suffer untold economic pains and psychological
stress, have been identifying with us through your Nikos, Dimes, Quarters etc. every time we are
jammed and call upon you. You probably might have been overlooking the little youve been doing,
but they truly will lead to your names going down the pages of history for helping to shape the
destinies of current and future generations, or generally helping to revive the soul of dead mama
country. But even more challenging currently, is that with the level of enlightenment that will now
come your way, by the grace of God, through these efforts, the ball will be in your courts to go
beyond what you have been doing for the Kartees family alone, by henceforth extending your
moral and spiritual support to bigger picture solutions no matter who proposes them - to the deepseated problems that continue to hold our society hostage for almost 200 years now as we speak.
Our distinguished former and current LPRC workmates include: Mssrs. J. Aaron Wheagar,
Jackson F. Doe, Jr., Bobby G. Brown, Joseph B. Dennis, Charles D. Sherman, Victor G. Badio,
Augustine W. Williams, Philip S. Sassie, Paul S. Jappah, Robert M. Beer, Darlington Gbeior,
Samuel V. Mussah, Veronica Kinapoe, Isaac G. Karmon, Andrew G. Gibson, Patrick
Wleh/Wreh, Sam Fannie and William Morris. You all have truly been our all-weather friends in
your own separate ways, and to your own separate extents. We appreciate you a whole lot.
GENERAL REVOLUTIONARY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With regards to doing such wonderful things as: providing the inspiration, informing our motivation
for action, creating the conditions, or providing the platform and enabling atmosphere under which
a peaceful revolution can now be conducted to put our country on its right footing once and for all,
sincere thanks and gratitude go to all of the below, among many more that our subsequent
publications will feature:
1. George Washington, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Nelson Mandela your
accomplishments, and the grit with which these accomplishments were possible, have greatly
influenced our conviction that with faith in God, and with commitment and dedication to our
ambitions and aspirations, only the sky can be our limit. George Washington, for example,
emphasized clear conscience and good intentions as the foundation stones for great achievements
and amazing triumphs in our struggles; and truly, with these virtues and moral tools, he led a

vi

challenge against the worlds superpower of his time in an 8 year long War of Independence, and he
and his Patriots won the American Revolutionary War in 1783. For Mahatma Gandhi, he
championed the principle that a serious war could be fought without violence, and truly he stood his
grounds against British imperialism in India for years through non-violent demonstrations and
protests till India finally became free from imperialism. Martin Luther King, Jr. used the same
principles as Mr. Gandhi, but in a very fierce and dangerous environment of entrenched White
Supremacism in the United States, and he too won in the end. Nelson Mandela, the real father of
human perseverance, served as a living demonstration of the incredible length or extent to which
our convictions can lead us. Knowing very well that every coin has two sides, Mr. Mandela, based
upon the circumstances they encountered and the horrible threats they faced in their quest for Black
Liberation at the time in South Africa, accepted to use both non-violent and minimal violent
approaches just to get his people free. This led him to heading the Umkhonto we Sizwe, the militant
wing of his African National Congress, which helped address issues of security that could not be
handled by passive protests and demonstrations. Affectionately called Madeba, Mr. Mandela said,
It always seems [very] impossible until it is done; and surely, that impossible thing in South
Africa since the 1700s or so, became possible in 1994. We owe a huge depth of homage to these
historical icons, and many more great revolutionary heroes forever. And by the way, these four are
our role models, in the order presented here, and in different respects.
2.

Karl Marx this brilliant German man has helped powerfully radicalize our insights into the truest
essence of Economics. We strongly agree with the Marxian argument that the form of economic
organization, or the mode of economic production that we choose as a country or people forms the
basis for the rest of our other social phenomena (i.e. political system, legal system, morality,
ideology, and social relations etc.). In short, our system of economics must be the subject of
concern first because it is economics that strengthens the rest of the other social phenomena.
Because we missed this mark, like in all other areas of our livelihood in this country, our people
have suffered, and continue to suffer at the hands of criminals, calling themselves governments, and
at the hands of a clique of foreign capitalists, who essentially, but strangely constitute our part of
bourgeoisie class, all under the canopy of some old-fashioned, Adam Smiths 18th century Laissez
Faire Capitalism. But the Plain Truth Revolution has a quite different economic agenda for our
ever-suffering people. We demand a new form of government that will take the lead in providing all
of the basic goods and services needed for the domestic consumption of all of our people, and not
just a few of them. We demand the incorporation of the best of both worlds from State Capitalism
and Libertarian Socialism into a shade of Democratic Socialism that will produce an economic and
socio-political system to be dubbed as Marxian Karteeism. Thanks to the enormous contribution of
Karl Marx and his professional colleague Frederick Engels to modern Economics.

3. President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf your administrations overwhelming excesses and ineptitude
(which reflect those of almost all Americo-Liberian leaderships) have raised all of the needed red
flags and conditions that compel an unconditional and peaceful revolution to put this country into
the hands of its rightful owners. America truly did not lie 200 years ago when she said that the
people she was dumping on this soil were unproductive and criminal. If we let this glorious
opportunity for change slip us by again, we will only be inviting upon ourselves the most
unspeakable of tragedies and miseries in very short time to come. A hint to the wise should be quite
sufficient!!!!! We appreciate you, Madam Sirleaf, for helping us to wake up now and smell the
coffee instead of keep banging our heads on brick walls that this doomed statehood arrangement,
under the perpetual leadership of Americo-Liberians and their descendants can ever rise up and
prosper.

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4. The United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) your current presence and involvement with us
truly facilitates this once in a life times opportunity for a positive change for the better. Former
SRSG Ellen Margaret Loj had her own way to put it. She has left. Later, another SRSG Karin
Langrin put it in her own way. Today, Mr. Farid Zarid is putting it his own way too all warning us
to come to our senses right now. Those with ears to hear will hear! We are too grateful to UNMIL.
* SRSG stands for Special Representative of the Secretary General of the United Nations.
5. President Barak Obama and Wife, Mrs. Obama, then President Xi Jinping Mr. and Mrs. Obama
have really been demonstrating their combined wishes and commitment to seeing down-trodden,
marginalized, and unprivileged people across the globe reclaim their rightful place in life. They are
keen on seeing to it that nations around the world rise up from their trance and slumber to make life
better for all their citizens. Just in the year 2014 for example, the Obamas engagements with
Estonia, and then with African political and business leaders (both young, potential and current
ones) demonstrate more of their sincere commitments to seeing the world change for the better,
although they know that the road will be rugged. I was honestly with them in spirit especially
during the Mandela-Washington Forum in 2014. In another development, my strong appetite and
advocacy for the use of a genuine transitional justice mechanism to solve our nations seemingly
insurmountable problems was boosted by the worlds second greatest man, President Xi Jingping,
when he said some time in 2013 that, To forget history is a betrayal, and to deny past crimes is to
repeat them. We are exceedingly grateful to these very influential world figures.
6. Ambassador Deborah Malac This is a woman, an astute American diplomat, who in absolute
agreement with our Plain Truth Revolutionary agenda for this country, kept warning and practically
helping and encouraging Liberia that the secret and only best way to construct a strong and effective
economy is to build one that heavily thrives on the indigenous entrepreneurial efforts and ideas of
citizens rather than one that sadly counts so heavily on foreign concessions and miscellaneous
financial packages. Madam Malac sadly might not have known that no one was even listening to her
comments or admonishments; or, if a few were listening, then bulk of these few again, might not
have even been understanding what she was truly driving at. Each time we listened to Ambassador
Malac or read her remarks on these issues, we were refreshed about a statement or argument made
by President Calvin Coolidge once that America was powerful because of its strong belief in small
businesses. In fact he described America as the land of small businesses. Please not that we are not
referring here to Liberian Foula Shops of dry goods shops in these points, but instead, we are
referring here to over 25 million formally registered entities with personnel rosters each, containing
tens, to hundreds, to thousands of employees, and annual revenue generation ranging from US$2
million up, venturing into countless areas of attending to human needs for profit, PERIOD!
7. The LPRC Whistleblower I was given this raw deal by LPRC on Friday, January 25, 2013.
Immediately the next working day, Monday, January the 28th, it was reported in the papers through
this whistleblowers efforts. The whistleblower also religiously traced a couple of dirty
administrative deeds at LPRC and did a series of publications on them, including one done in the
March 19, 2013 edition of the New Democrat Newspaper. These were very motivational
publications.
Every inspiration and need for action is driven by the quality of information available, which must be
well understood however. To this effect, our special appreciation goes to each of the below institutions
and individuals (both local and international), who have contributed tremendously to the arsenal of
information or data weve built thus far, which are all needed to inform and conduct this very crucial,
peaceful revolution:

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1. Larry Page and his Google Search Engine and YouTube Teams, plus all IT, telecommunications,
and Internet Industry-based and social media firms (international, and local), including Facebook,
LinkedIn, Lonestar Cell MTN and Cellcom Communications etc. - you have truly made
knowledge acquisition and transfer processes so easy for the world and our nation today
2. League of Nations (defunct), Conciliation Resources, Transparency International, US
Department of State, Global Witness, Human Rights Watch, Publish What You Pay Coalition,
and Amnesty International etc. these international institutions have been assiduously and
objectively working around the clock to ensure that citizens of this country are well furnished with
the right kinds of records and facts that will inform the right kinds of nationalistic decisions and
actions to help change our embarrassing 2 century old situation around for the better. There is an
adage in our local parlance that says, You can take a thirsty donkey to the river, but you will
definitely not force it to drink. We appreciate you all so much for your tireless efforts at
persistently informing us.
3. Messrs. Hezekiah Niles, Hugh Mason Brown, Dr. James Ciment, Mr. Jo Sullivan, Dr. Ibrahim
K. Sundiatta, Dr. Charles Johnson, Sir John Simon, Prof. S. Raymond Buell, Mr. George
Schuyler, and Mr. A. E. Yap etc. (all of American and British backgrounds) your historical
narrations, and all of your various analyses and expert opinions about the Americo-Liberian stock
and their descendants, and your bold stance on this enduringly embarrassing Congo-Native
nightmare in our country give us added impetus and motivation to elevate this inescapable ethnic
debate constructively with all of our blood, sweat and tears so as to bring to an end this vicious
cycle of savagery, aggravated mischief and untold unproductiveness that has engulfed our society
since January 7, 1822.
4. Professor Joseph Saye Guannue no single Liberian historian has written so extensively and
articulately about our countrys problems equal to this man, in my opinion.
5. Professors Dew Tuan Wleh Mason, Amos C. Sawyer, Alhaji G. V. Kromah, Elwood Dun,
Yarsuo-Weh Dorlaie Your separate pieces of writings and contributions to history have been very
inspirational and life changing for our country
6. Senators Prince Johnson, Henry Yallah and Dallas Gweh, Rep. Emmanuel Nuquay, Cllrs.
Tiawon Gongloe, Negbalee Warner, and Christiana Tah, Atty. Koffi Woods, and Messrs. Harry
Greaves, Simeon Freeman, Amara Konneh and Darious Dillon and Sister Mary Lorene Brown
all of you have, during sometime in your separate lives, taken some principle-minded actions worth
recognizing and adopting into the new traditions and culture we envisage for our new nation. Some
comments and writings made or done by some of you at different times speak strongly and radically
to our nations true situation at present and they must be referenced in any solution search to the
problems we have at hand.
7. The Liberian Press (Electronic and Print) although all of you have been working assiduously,
and continue to do so, we however beg your indulgence here to name these few, from whom bulk of
our information and inspirations thus far have been gathered or drawn: Electronic: (Liberia
Broadcasting Corporation/System (ELBC), Voice FM, Fabric FM, Sky FM, etc.); Print:
(National Chronicle, FrontPage Africa, In Profile Daily, Public Agenda, Daily Observer etc.)
8. Three specific local dailies adopted mottos that win our strong admiration and convict us of their
deep insight into the root cause of our countrys problems extreme hatred for the plain truth. The
three are as follows: (a) The Spirit of Truth Newspaper: You rightly say, Truth never damages a

ix

cause that is just, (b) The Focus Newspaper: You too are quite on track when you say, The truth
will always rise. For the truth is really now set to rise finally in our country. Then last but not the
least is (c) The Heritage Newspaper: your dream is so wonderful when you say, The truth is our
guide. We appreciate you all so much for these inspiring mottos. It is our hope that you muster the
courage to join us in taking these strong convictions from the paper to the real, empirical world of
physical actions and dirty work, as the ideologies behind these beautiful mottos will never be
realized on silver platter.
9. International Press: Electronic (the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), Radio France
International (RFI), China Radio International (CRI) etc.); Print (New York Times, the UK
Guardian etc.)
10. Journalists/Political Analysts: Local (Rodney Sieh, Julius Jeh, Henry Costa, T. Max Jlateh,
Mary Williams, Tetee Gebro, Tamba Johnny etc.), Overseas (Radio LIBs Jordan Poronpea,
Christian Nelson, Toyouwa Harris and Arizona-based Analyst George Fahnbulleh) you all
truly are using the platforms available to you and talking out there about our nations problems, but
probably based on which media we monitor the most, the voices of those listed above have been
most outstanding and seem to agree with us to some extent that the kind of civilization and
democracy we truly envisage can never come about in Liberia under this particular status quo;
meaning, we need to say and do some things we have never said and done here before. Thanks for
your separate inspirations.
11. Pastors/Evangelists: Steve Kolubah (host of the Ultimate Success Program), Pst. Sirleaf (host of
From the Bible Program, Radio Centennial), Solomon Juah (Refuge Baptist Church), David
Benito, Evg. Charles (Bethel World Outreach Ministries), Simeon Dunbar (Liberty Christian
Center), Kortu Brown (Water in the Desert), Rev. Gontee (New Georgia), Pastor Samuel Ashford
Brewer (Killah B Bus Ministry, Gardnersville) etc. among the thousands of Reverends, Bishops,
Pastors, and Evangelists in this country, you (again probably because we have been fortunate to
listen to you most often than others), have been proving to be keenly conscious, to a huge extent, of
the deep-seated problems of this country, and you probably are wishing that God helps to create a
condition soon, whereby the untold sufferings, marginalization and destitution of our down-trodden
masses can be alleviated. Thanks ever so much to all of you for your motivation. We are also proud
of the works of inspirational Islamic Religious leaders and scholars like Ibn Al Qayyim, Hesham
Hassaballa and Imam Mohammed Banonleat etc.

SPECIAL REVOLUTIONARY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Chief Executive Officer of Apple, Steve Jobs once said, A lot of people in our industry havent
had very diverse experiences, so they dont have enough dots to connect, and they end up with very
linear solutions without a broad perspective on the problem. He then concludes, The broader ones
understanding of the human experience, the better designs we will have.
With this exhortation from Mr. Jobs, we disclose here that on the overall, our motivation to embark on
this revolutionary project was at first primarily inspired by a quest to do something about our countrys
NASTY, SHAMEFUL history, but then we needed a strong backing too from current events, so, we had
to painfully take 4 round years to see if our convictions from historical researches could be strongly
backed by enough of empirical proofs from todays realities knowing that this time span was
reasonable enough conventionally, for such a serious research work. Consequently, the below current
event accounts, opinions, experiences, realities etc. have helped us truly connect the dots and thus
strengthened our case for this inescapable revolution. We doubt it, that any well-meaning person would
read the current event accounts of these narratives, sufficiently backed by history, and still think that
we, as a people, can use reforms or gradualist approaches to handle our countrys deadly problem and
redeem ourselves from this untold nightmare called nationhood, gain our rightful human status, and
make our Creator proud of making us too in His own image. The list below constitutes our Plain Truth
Revolutions revered heroes and heroines through whose inputs our revolution has finally become
JUSTIFIED God willing, and we recognize and celebrate them as our special acknowledgements
forever. Their collective message to us, in short is: Plain Truth Revolution, please go ahead, we join
you, and stand by you, whichever way possible.
Those heroes and heroines therefore are as follows, among many more to come up in later publications
by the grace of God. Weve placed their contributions under different subheadings. We will start with
the historical accounts of how the Black Americans Liberia was pronounced DOOMED by its
conceivers and designers even before it was established, and how this curse has been acutely
pronounced, warned about, and decried by different actors, including prominent people in world affairs
up to this point. This will be followed by different accounts of the NASTY state of Liberia from current
event realities. Please note that apart from numbered or bulleted names, bolded names of individuals
and institutions within any of the text in this section represent some of our special acknowledgements.
Welcome to our very special acknowledgement section:

xi

I.

SOME OF THE GREATEST SOURCES

FROM WHICH WE DRAW OUR MOTIVATION
A. INDIVIDUALS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Jensen Wallace
Pastor Simeon Dunbar
Pastor Sirleaf, Presenter,
Pastor Friday Oravbiere,
Pastor Rick Warren
President Barack Obam
President Chi Jing Ping
President John F. Kennedy
President Thomas Jefferson
Barry Goldwater
Hillary Clinton
Lee Kuan Yew
Karl Marx
Mao Zedong

15. Vladamir Lenin

16. John Batchel
17. Eugene Debbs
18. Pank Yan Zeeahoe
19. Sheila Paskman
20. E. Johnson Sirleaf
21. Julius Jeh
22. Nagbe Sloh
23. Lewis Brown
24. Jacob Zuma Jallah
25. Irasmus Gaye
26. Jah Johnson
27. John S. Morlu
28. Eratus Bortu
29. Sam Webb

B.
INSTITUTIONS
1. Liberia Broadcasting System (LBS/ELBC)
2. World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)
II. HISTORICALS ACCOUNTS + PROOFS FROM
CURRENT EVENTS OF LIBERIAS MESSY
FOUNDATION
A. INDIVIDUALS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.

By James Ciment (2x)

28. Min. Moses Jackson
Nancy Oku Bright (2x)
29. Miatta Fahnbulleh
Pastor Solomon Juah
30. Sen. Dallas Gweh
Dr. Charles Johnson
31. Aagon Tingba
John Randolph,
32. Cllr. Benedict Sannon
US Pres. Abraham Lincoln 33. Jonathan Gant
Jerome J. Verdier
34 Jonathan Paye-Layleh
Dede Dolopei,
Oumu K. Syllah,
Bishop Arthur F. Kulah,
Sheikh Kafumba F. Konneh,
Pearl Brown Bull,
Gerald B. Coleman,
John H. T. Stewart,
Massa Washington,
Henrietta Joy Abena Mensa Bonsu
Hugh Mason Brown
Dr. James Ciment
Wikipedia/History of Liberia
Koffi Woods
Dr. Amos Sawyer
Dean Johnson
Wilfred Bangourah
Darious Dillon
Jim Hunt
Brad Henry
Min. George Werner

INDIVIDUALS contd
35.
President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
36.
Mr. Harry Greaves
37.
Ambassador Miatta Fahnbulleh
38.
Makita Redd/Wreh,
39.
Jonathan Pay-Lay Leh
40.
Rep. George Mulbah
41.
Rep. Alex Grant
42.
Isaac Redd
43.
Rep. Gabriel Nyenkan
44.
Minister Gyudee Moore
45.
Jerelimick Piah,
46.
Nagbe Sloh
47.
Senator Henry Yallah
48.
Mr. Tarbarosa Tarponweh
49.
Liberian Girls trafficked to Lebanon
50.
D. Maxwell Kemayan
51.
Dr. Randolph McClain
52.
Cllr. Afian Sherman
53.
John S. Morlu
54.
Samora Wolokollie
B.

INSTITUTIONS

1.
2.
3.
4.

Global Witness
UN Security Council
Farbric F.M.
Liberias Truth & Reconciliation
Commission
5.
US Congress
III.
SITUATIONS OR REALITIES THAT
FURTHER JUSTIFY LIBERIAS
DOOMED FATE
A. INDIVIDUALS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

Steve Kolubah,
Amb. Chigozie Obi-Nnadozie,
President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (2x)
Rep. Richmond Anderson
Mo Ibrahim,
18. Musa
Menipaket Dumoi
19. John S. Morlu
Rep. Gabriel Smith
20. Julius Jeh
Sen. Thomas Grupee 21. R. Bhofal Chambers
Karin Langrin
22. Sen. Oscar Cooper
Deborah Malac
23. Saah Gborlie
Amb. Tina Intelmann 24. Nicolas Cook
Ismail Serageldin
25. Dr. James Ciment
Dr. Amos Sawyer
26. Tycon J.
Nathaniel Barnes
27. Sir John Simon
Keith Morris
28. Darious Deylon
Dayboy
29. Lawrence Yealue
Prof. Dr. Ibrahim K. Sundiatta

xii
INDIVIDUALS contd
32.
Tamba Johnny
33.
Francis Tamba
34.
Robert A. Sirleaf
35.
Austin Kawal
36.
Darious Zinnah
37.
Indi Cal
38.
Blamo Nelson

VI.
39. Samora Wolokollie
40. Acarious Gray
41. Augustine Ngafuan
42. Thomas Doe-Nah
43. Dr. Amos Sawyer
44. Cllr. Elijah Saah
45. Rodney Sieah
46. Rev. Lurther Tarpeh

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

1.
2.
3.
4.
V.

THE ENDURING DANGERS THAT

LIBERIA POSES TO ITSELF AND THE
REST OF THE WORLD
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Global Witness 14. Common Sense

Cllr. Thompson Adibayo
Analyst (5x)
Cllr. Dempster Brown, 15. Abraham Lincoln
Bishop Wilmot Burbroh 16. Oku Bright
Gladys Johnson
17. Carl Victor
Senator Comany Wisseh 18. Farbric NightTime
George Dalton
19. President Obama
Mulbah Morlu
20. Tom Woewiyou
Robert W. Clower
21. Sam Zemurray
Mitchel Harwitz
22. Lee Christmas
A. A. Walters
23. United Fruit Comp
North Western University 24. Andrew Preston
Oxford University
25. Maj. Gen Smedley
Butler
26. Com. Matthew
Calbraith Perry

27. Cornel R. West

28. J. Yanqui Zaza,
29. Sarah Chayes
30. Noam Chomsky
31. William Blum
32. Nicolas Cook,
33. Library of Congress
34. Dana J. Hyde
35. Wendell Nimley
36. Evangelist Charles
37. Min. Amara Konneh,
38. President Nhuru Kenyatta
39. President Barak Obama
40. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

41. Cllr. Gloria Scott

42. John Morlu
43. Rebecca Murray
44. Philibert Brown
45. Brownie Samukai
46. Martin K. N. Kollie
47. Donald Trump, now
US President Elect
48. Mulbah Morulu
49. Robert W. Clower
50. Benedict Sannon
52. ELBC Chris Sirleaf
53. Sen Jewel H. Taylor
54. Dr. Togba Tipoteh
55. Radio France

7. Hassan Kiawu
8. Simeon Freeman
Prof. Wilson Tarpeh, 9. Antonio Gutierrez
Sen. Geraldine D. Sheriff
Melvin Tayglay Weah Johnson
Bhofal Chambers (formerly Jallah Langlin)
WORDS OF ENCOURAGEMENT

1. President Abdou Fattah Al Sessay

2. Antonio Gutierrez
4. Mr. Peter Graaf
3. President Barack Obama 5. Rebecca Nanyou

LIBERIA, A HUGE 21ST CENTURY

ECONOMIC WASTE

Mr. Karl Marx

5. Sam Jackson
Common Sense Analyst 6. President Obama
Wikipedia
7. Linda Yu
President Sirleaf
8. Hewyikoo Kaiyuma

Thomas Jefferson
Tarkpor R. Kartee

VII.

B. INSTITUTIONS
1.
Conciliation Resources/CR
2.
The League of Nations
IV.

PEOPLE OR INSTITUTIONS WHOSE

IDEAS JUST MATCH OURS

ABOUT OUR MEMBERSHIP

FOUNDING MEMBERS OF THE PTR
1.
2.
3.
4.

Roland S. Kartee
Alice Wamah
Joseph Kartee
Tony T. Bleh

5. Preston Kartee
6. Courage Kartee
7. Stamina Kartee

FIRST NEW MEMBERS OF THE PTR

1. Jamel Constance
OUR CURRENT DIRECT/INDIRECT
MEMBERSHIP STRENGTH
1. Dejure Members: All members of our 7 big
constituencies, mentioned in the Dedication
Section of every written work or article of our
revolution
2. Defacto Members (*have all right to decline
publicly if not convicted or interested): All those we
have acknowledged in our works. For they have
always believed in us, and will no doubt believe in
our dreams for the country we all equally own.
OUR ONLINE MEMBERSHIP FIGURE
(PEOPLE THAT HAVE AGREED WITH
OUR DEBATES ON SOCIAL MEDIA
INCLUDING JOINING OUR GROUPS AND
ONLINE COMMUNITIES)
3. Facebook.._____
4. YouTube.._____
5. Google +._____
6. Twitter._____
**These figures will be revealed subsequently.

xiii

DEDICATION
As a direct or indirect result of the Americo-Liberian elite policies, maneuvers, and actions, millions,
from every generation of indigenous people, including a few less fortunate ordinary Americo-Liberians
themselves, lie in graves all across our country, unachieved, unaccomplished, or underachieved and
under-accomplished, with one bit of their huge God-given talents and potentials never tapped into or
unleashed. Untimely, premature, and undeserved deaths have been the unfortunate fate of a vast
majority of our indigenous people in this country since the so-called settlers arrived here in 1822, and
this NASTY trend still continues unabated today, almost 200 years on. My dear Mom, Mrs. Moinma G.
Kartee, who died before her 40s falls into this category of victims. This work is dedicated to her soul,
and the souls of all of our millions of fellow compatriots who have died under these painful
circumstances.
Then there are those who had come up in life with ambitious dreams, some had dreamed and prayed to
be expert engineers, pilots, scientists, renowned farmers and businessmen etc., still others had hoped,
prayed and endeavored to be professional sportsmen (footballers, basket ballers, and the likes), doctors,
lawyers, journalists etc., but premature old-age caught up with them, and they are still alive, some very
old now, but have totally given up on their dreams because, due to the misgovernance, naivety,
cruelty, and criminality of the Americo-Liberian elites and policy makers, there has been no conducive
and enabling environment to make any of these dreams possible in this country. My father, Mr. Tarkpor
R. Kartee, and a million others across our land fall into category. In Liberia, to be somebody, or to
succeed in life to some extent, you must have a foreign link, or even become a foreigner one way or the
other. Anything less, you are going to die for nothing with your big dreams. This work is dedicated to
dear old pap and the million more old, middle-age, and young people who have got no way in sight to
ever tap into their very huge potentials.
Although with a serious heavy heart, we are also proud to dedicate this work to probably millions again
who have died at the direct or near direct consequence of the Americo-Liberian state-sponsored or
state-promoted criminal activities ranging from their belligerent territorial expansion campaigns of the
19th and early 20th centuries, to their forcible recruitments of our people for external and internal
servitude; and their support for, and promotion of war and terroristic activities against our people
(again, our mainly indigenous people). The victims of such abuses and crimes that history has recorded
in the categories above include the hundreds of thousands that died in slavery in such places like
Panama, Gabon, Fernando Poo, Rio Muni etc. Others include the tens of thousands of our people,
fleeing the brutalities of the Liberia Frontier Force in the early-mid 20th century, who had to die as
unrecorded refugees in places like Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria etc., according to history. Still yet others
include the hundreds of thousands that have died as a result of Liberias now 18 recorded bloody civil
crises, beginning with the notorious Crown Hill Battle of 1822, and concluding thus far with the 18 th
round (i.e. the 1989 to 2003 Civil War), which netted over 300,000 lives, according to experts
estimates; and not forgetting the tens of thousands of us that have died in exile as a result of this last
round of civil crisis thus far as we mentioned above. In all these sad developments, none of our mainly
indigenous victims ever received befitting burials. The Plain Truth Revolution vows to memorialize all
of you some way possible God willing. We are proud to dedicate all of our works to you.
Justice in Liberia is a big lopsided mess, with apparently three sets of laws in circulation with one set
attending to the Americo-Liberians exclusively in a special kid glove fashion, the other serving the socalled well-connected persons in their society, and the third, crude and savage set of laws handling the
poor, unconnected, powerless ordinary citizens, usually the Kolubas, Gontees and Jlues etc. To this
end, our work is dedicated to the millions who have suffered untold kangaroo justice at the hands of the

xiv

ever rotten Americo-Liberian Court System in this country, and the hundreds of thousands that continue
today, right before our very eyes, to suffer the same fate as a result of the unfair, cruel and uneven
dispensation of justice at the hand of this criminal stock of people calling themselves the AmericoLiberians. Though countless these victims are, we would like to explicitly remember here our 13 fellow
indigenous Grand Gedians (in persons of Nyezee Baway, Isaac Taryon, Stephen Gloto, Prince Youty,
Emmanuel Mah, Moses Baryee, Moses Sarpee, Sam Tarley, Jacob Saydee, Mohammed Massaquoi,
and the 3 borrowed/adopted surnames of James Lee Cooper, Morris Cole, and Alfred James), who
have been cruelly sentenced for life unjustifiably by the ever unobjective Americo-Liberian Courts.
We are also in deep sympathy with our 12 fellow indigenous compatriots from Nimba (including Fred
Saye, Yei Dokie, Prince Zeaduah, Jerome Zumeh, Wilson Gondo, Wuo Gballah, Peter Zuweh,
William Gbanda, Saye Jebolo, Saye Garteh, and Oretha Gono) who have been locked up for 10 years
because of numerous problems invited upon all of us by the massive corruption machine calling itself
government in this place. We dedicate this work moreover to the 30 motorcyclists arrested late April
2015 for protesting for the wrongful murdering in cold blood of their fellow riders at the hands of
Americo-Liberian security forces wearing batches and other insignias that absolutely neglect the
interest of the forefathers of the bike riders, the Yarkpawolos, the Janjays, the Yormies etc. which still
continues to be so today. The 30 motorcyclists, we know, like in all other instances of this kind, will
now be experiencing untold sufferings at the hands of these people in long pretrial detention in the
name of dispensing justice, as if criminals can ever dispense fair justice. Our heart continue to remain
with you all, and not forgetting our other big brothers like Wesley Jlue, Albert Bropleh; then recently,
Moses Wogbeh and others etc., and even Mr. Charles Taylor, there in the UK, who we think despite our
differences, is a member of our society who now suffers selective justice as a result of this same
criminal Americo-Liberian hullabaloo, backed by American-orchestrated and dominated international
conspiracy against our people etc. and etc.
This work, strangely, is also dedicated to our future generations who, though we have not laid for them
any foundation; that is, they risk NEVER inheriting any sound educational system; they have no
assurances in sight of ever inheriting any form of reliable social services etc. because the mischief
makers (Niles Weekly Register, April 12, 1817, USA) are still in the corridors of power today and
continue to influence every policy, we are shifting all of the national responsibilities on them. In other
words, we are hoping on these future generations to solve for us later, all of the big national problems
that we have been creating from the word go of this country and continue to create today. All of the
natural resources are being sold, all of the financial resources are been lavished by Americo-Liberian
miscreants in this generation and previous ones, yet the herculean tasks of building and placing the
country on its right trajectory are all being postponed for future generations. OH WHAT A CRUEL
SOCIETY!!!
These are the five of the seven constituencies that the Plain Truth Revolution comes to defend God
willing; and so, we are proud to dedicate this work to all of them, with the remaining two namely being
all of our citizens in the diaspora, and all foreign friends and well-wishers of our country.
However, before we, of the Plain Truth Revolution, got inspired to embark upon this long, treacherous,
but life fulfilling journey, people struggled on this path, some died in the struggle, but were not given
their due recognition in the countrys available history because they were not on the side of the
Americo-Liberians. Some are still alive and fairly active with the struggle. As this work is equally
dedicated to them, we would like to mention a few of them under each of the categories as follows:

xv

DIED IN THE STRUGGLE (ALL NOT NECESSARILY DIRECTLY)

George McGail, Samuel W. Seton, Didhwo Twe (also D. Twe), Magbay Boyah, T. J. R. Faulkner,
Presidents William R. Tolbert and Samuel K. Doe, and Jackson F. Doe, Sr. George McGail was
fired from his teaching job at the Methodist Colonial Elementary School in the 1830s and excommunicated from the church because he had chosen to marry one Native woman that he loved; Seton
was punished by the Liberian Legislature of the 1880s for introducing a bill on the floor to grant
unconditional citizenship to all tribal Liberians; D. Twe was explicitly expelled from this same Liberian
Legislature in the 1920s for introducing a bill seeking to stop the subjection of our Native people to
domestic forced labor and external slavery, and he was chased out of Liberia into exile. When he
returned later and registered to run against Americas wonder boy Tubman while championing these
same indigenous causes etc., Twe was mal-handled and his name deleted from the ballot during an
election in which Tubman claimed to have whipped Twe (1951); Magbay Boyah was the Gio Military
strategist who put up the stiffest resistance to the so-called Liberia Frontier Force during their very cruel
and ulterior-motive driven territorial expansion. It took the Government to beg Boyah for a truce, all
because they covertly wanted Nimba for its rich iron ore deposit. Because of Mr. Faulkners position
against the Americo-Liberian ill-treatment of the indigenous population of this country, which persists
up to today at aggravated levels in different forms and shades, we were blessed to have had the 1930
League of Nations investigations into these grave issues. Today, the outcome of these investigations
serve as substantial evidence for us, the huge Native population of this country to use to build our case
for reparations. Bill Tolbert was the only Americo-Liberian president that demonstrated a sincere belief
in the indigenization and impartial development of both the material and human resources of this
country. His reward, sadly, was the most gruesome of normal day deaths in this country. Samuel Doe,
although came to power so barbarically at the expense of Tolbert and others lives, he came to himself
later and walked in Tolberts footsteps, which contributed to his part of gruesome demise too, but in a
war, even though during a cease fire. According to a purported old fighter of Ellen and Taylors
National Patriotic Front Rebel Group, Patrick F. Tamba, this very bright indigenous son of the soil,
Jackson Doe, Sr., was ordered killed by Madam Sirleaf in August of 1990 when he refused to be part of
a campaign that was designed to [massively] waste the blood of his own people. This made Ellen
afraid of her political fate with Jackson remaining alive, according to thenewdispensation.com. We are
nationalistically appreciative to all of you here. The claims made about almost all of these characters are
substantiated in Joseph Saye Guannus numerous history books on Liberia, but you have more details
and proofs to read ahead, so please remain calm and follow through.
STILL ALIVE AND SOMEWHAT ACTIVE IN THE STRUGGLE
Dr. Tokpah Nah Tipoteh, Sen. George Weah, Reps. Bhofal Chambers and Aquarius Gray, Profs.
Alaric Tokpah, Ansu Sonii and Wilson Tarpeh, Samuel Twe, Mulbah Morlu, Samorah Wolokollie,
Jefferson Kogee etc these are people who are proving to a huge extent of being conscious of the
foundational, rudimentary and structural nature of this countrys problems, but we believe are taking
quite a different, evidently implausible approach to finding the real solution, as no gradualist or
reformist approach can ever help this country. We are still appreciative to all of you for your bold civil
courage, and are proud to dedicate this work to all of you, and the few more we may not have listed
here. For all of us share a common dream the total and lasting emancipation of our mass, suffering
people.

xvi

STATEMENT OF AVOWAL
This work covers a wide range of issues in many diverse fields or academic disciplines some of which
our studies thus far in life havent been actively focused on, thereby leaving room for some very slim
possibility of minor misinterpretation of concepts elsewhere in the work. Another reason that could
contribute to such slim possibilities of mistake (s) could be due to the fact that most of our learning
processes too have been unsupervised due to the very poor learning environment and atmosphere in our
country. While we dont anticipate any such anomaly (ies) though, we crave your kind understanding
wherever such inconvenience may be noticed and proven. We have placed the best of our human efforts
into this work considering the quality of education and opportunity we have had in this very cruel
country whose policies have always sought to hide quality from us, the Kartees etc. at every level of our
social, educational, and economic etc. lives. Almost all of our education thus far have come from the
Logan Town and New Kru Town Universities, completely Liberian, or of Liberian content/curricula,
which the rest of the world has always condemned to be very substandard, but just as God told Moses in
the Bible to strike with whatever material he had in his hand in the struggle to liberate the children of
Israel from Egypt, we too could not wait to first have an opportunity to travel to Harvard or London
School of Economics before attempting to constructively engage the worlds super power on the one
hand, and the children of those who have been, and continue to criminally be in complete control of our
vast, precious resources in this country for centuries on the other hand, in this intellectual battle just for
the true and lasting emancipation of our ever suffering people. WE ARE GOING TO LEAVE THE
REST WITH GOD, BUT WE TRUST 100% THAT HE WILL BE ON OUR SIDE IN THIS
STRUGGLE.
Finally, owing to the sensitive nature of these narratives, and the overriding indifference of most fellow
citizens to faithfully committing themselves to such arduous process - like for example - proofreading
all of this work and offering expert or honest advice on them (in the name of country, and not for
personal gains), getting people to do such a thorough proofreading and editing or providing professional
opinions was impossible, although we are grateful to a few friends who offered some minimal help in
these directions. They are appropriately recognized in some of our work. Nevertheless on the good side
of things, we have always had it at the back of our mind that the greatest of all Proofreaders, Editors,
Advisors, Counsellors etc., which is God Almighty, has been involved with this process at every level,
and thus we will continue to elevate and strengthen these debates to their final fruition. So our God will
always keep playing all these major roles ultimately for each Plain Truth Revolutionary article, even as
more intellectuals and writers come on board the revolution.
Thanks for your understanding.

*Note: Logan Town and New Kru Town universities, as mentioned above, are just a way of
emphasizing the indigeneity of our education, but not necessarily that schools exist here with such
names

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Acknowledgment.......i
Dedication......xiv
Statement of Avowal......xii
Introduction..1
Some Of The Many Societal Problems Exposed By This Case
a) Liberias Hatred For Discipline and systems..6
*Why this Kartee became an easy target for the Williams. Browns
and Johnsons LPRC...8
b) The criminal nature of Liberian institutions.10
c) The short sightedness of leaders here...11
d) Failure of leaders to observe simple due processes..11
e) Leaders culture of turning blind eye and deaf ears to
subjects/electorates concerns...11
f) The trick of intimidation to silence dissents.........12
g) Citizens fatal lack of civic awareness and civic mindedness..12
h) A culture of state-sponsored chicanery.13
i) The total lack of concern for all public interests...........14
j) An unimaginable hatred for, or refusal to Learn By Doing..21
A. Review of the Humanities
i. A look at History in this light (not learning by doing)24
ii. A look at Religious Education from this perspective ()25
iii. Relating Political Science to this unproductive scenario ()...........28
iv. How Law plays out in this direction ()..........31
v. Looking at Sociology from this lens ()......33
B. Review of Business Education
i. How this same observation applies to Economics ().38
ii. Applying this same observation to Management ()...........54
iii. How Accounting fits into this same scenario ().............57
iv. Looking at Statistics with respect to this situation ().........62
C. Placing Civil Society Concepts under the spotlight using this same argument
i. Overview of Civil society concepts.........77
ii. Civil Society Advocacy using History as source of argument ()..79
iii. Civil Society Advocacy using Religious Education as source
of argument () .. 84
iv. Civil Society Advocacy using other principles in the humanities as source
of argument ()........88
a) The concept of Social Contract...88
b) The Principle of a form of government/authority with
emphasis on Democracy......92
c) The rationale of social justice..94
i. How America has, and continues to ably handle the issue of social
justice great lessons for all ambitious democracies........95
d) Social Capital.100
i. Americas unwavering commitment to upholding concepts of social
justice and social capital......103

D. The State vs. a business entity from the civil society perspective
i. Issues of civil society advocacy from the perspective
of Economics.105
ii. Issues of civil society advocacy from the perspective
of Management..115
iii. Issues of civil society advocacy from the perspective
of Accounting....120
iv. Issues of civil society advocacy from the perspective
of Statistics125
a. National questions and issues derived from the sincere statistical
analyses of state matters....126
v. Issues of civil society advocacy from the perspective of
the 1986 Constitution141
6. Transitional Justice our only best bet157
a. The Transitional Justice Roadmap for Liberia advanced by the
Plain Truth Revolution163
b. A Biblical Commentary in support of the Plain Truth
Revolutions Arguments.165
7. A US-Based Pastors Indirect Admonishment for us (members of the
indigenous communities) to adopt a new approach of going on
the offensive aggressively now, instead of keep being on the defensive...168
8. Efforts being made thus far to put you in the right revolutionary
frame of mind...169

INTRODUCTION
As already preluded by the title of this work, he very issues that motivated LPRC top
Managements action against me, coupled with the circumstances surrounding this childish
administrative behavior speak volume of the huge societal problems confronting us today as
a people. From the very first day of this ordeal, all through every step I have been taking at
redress, I have only been seeing in these experiences symptoms of very huge societal
problems, rooted more than 150 years back, that during this age and time, are just simply
unraveling themselves day after day in different forms. I have only been seeing 21st century
manifestations of legendary problems that owe their roots to the sinister strategic agendas
designed almost 2 centuries back by so-called nation builders and their external principals
and collaborators. These and many more appalling realities, due to my background and
faith, have left me with no option, but to muster the civil courage to lead the campaign that
will bring sanctity and hope to our ever suffering nation and people once and for all, God
willing.
In this light, every communication done by me, no matter to whom it has been addressed,
every action taken by me, my family and sympathizers etc. concerning this experience at
LPRC, has been driven and guided by a revolutionary dream and spirit, without which the
quagmire we find ourselves in today will keep deepening and worsening by the day. In my
opinion, backed by empirical research findings, and every prevailing societal circumstance,
this country has gotten it all wrong fundamentally, to the point that it takes only a peaceful
but well intentioned, well-articulated and penetrating revolution to undo and redo a more
promising national foundation. That is why you will see majority of the documents bearing
my signature, and pertaining to this truly-deserved national case, featuring the inscription,
Plain Truth Revolution.
Welcome on board the intriguing explanations of this documentation, which seek to outline
and clarify some of the most impelling justifications for our conceived Plain Truth
Revolution for this country.
Liberia is said to have been established in 1822; gained its independence in 1847; runs a
capitalist economy and then runs a democratic form of government, among other
credentials. As a proof of its professed democratic profile, history says Liberias first
democratic election was held September 27, 1847, and after that year, the country began
holding presidential and general elections every two years for a better part of its existence,
then it changed to going to the polls after every 4 years etc. But sadly, after 194 years of
this countrys existence, there seems to be no worthwhile achievement that Liberia can ever
point to. Its infrastructural development is in the negative; its educational system, some
people call it a mess; Liberias health sector is a great woe; in Agriculture and food
security, I discovered Liberia to be the second hungriest country on Earth from a reliable
source some time ago; even the very democracy that the country started practicing with a
great deal of zeal and energy few days after independence, I hear people say today, in 2017,

that Liberia is attempting at democracy; others say, our country is a fragile, fledging, young,
upcoming etc. democracy oh what a great demonstration of sycophancy!!!! To cut a
long story short, all that I see around me about my country is FAILURE, FAILURE, and
FAILURE, with sadly no assurance of SUCCESS, SUCCESS, SUCCESS etc. in the future
once things remain the way I see them today, and embarrassingly, this country, every new
day that breaks, is becoming an enduring threat, disgrace and liability to the international
community.
I started to feel like ants were in my pants about my countrys problems a few years back
when I began to understand life in my teens. I remember from my only one or two Civics
classes ever since in grade school that it is good citizens who worry about their countrys
plight and are always willing to make the required sacrifices to change their country for the
better etc., but my knowledge of Civics had been very limited. I tried to read assorted civicrelated articles printed from a Google Search session. In one passage, John Stuart Mill said,
If individual persons will regard only their interests, which are selfish, and will not get
away from themselves and prioritize the general good, then good government and a
progressive society will be very impossible. I still wanted to hear more from Mr. Mill, so I
flipped one page ahead, and came across this one, A good citizen is one who takes himself
out of the narrow circles of personal and family selfishness and gets himself accustomed to
the comprehension of joint interests and the management of joint concerns. I started
feeling some chill, and although, I hadnt quite known myself to be a selfish person, these
words however pushed me to look around again, go one step further based on these tips to
establish the faults with myself and my society as a whole, a step which will eventually lead
me to deciding whether it was necessary to act and act now based on the gravity of the
established faults, which has come about because of something that has harshly touched my
personal life and safety even though. While still trying to establish the common fault of my
society, reflections led me down memory lane where I recalled a statement made to me by
my father one day while we were working on our fish pond back in Nimba. He said,
Roland, the saddest thing about our situation is that almost 98% or more of our people at
every level of this society think only in terms of what I, (Me), and My Family can amass or
accumulate today, and concerns like how is society faring today, how would society be 20
years from now based on whats happening today, and what would society look like four to
five generations from now etc. are virtually of no importance in our country.
With this quick reflection, I started becoming more drawn into the picture, but I needed
more support added to what I had gotten from those few lines read from John Mills work
about the required selfless orientation of a good citizen. Then I flipped further into my
downloaded and printed notes and read what a French politician and civic writer had to say.
For Jean Jacques Rousseau, he says, Good civic education engenders a sense of moral
obligation to society because the question that one normally asks himself should be, What
is best for all? instead of What is best for me only? He says, at least, when the majority
of citizens begin to ask this question, and make efforts at answering it honestly, then they

are expressing the general interest of society; and in this way, the nation gets on a better
footing for stability, peace and massive progress.
Apparently because we lack knowledge of almost all these secrets to a healthy society,
disaster continues to be written all over our countrys fate.
During this time of disengagement from active work life for a while, I began discovering
through research and seeing the raw manifestations of these embarrassing realities within
our society, wherein everything seems so twisted. For example, politicians and national
leaders are more concerned with wealth and power than the wellbeing of society; civil
society and pressure groups passively engage key state matters and consider their calling a
part-time activity shared with other personal pursuits; religious leaders believe that knowing
God means to retreat to ones closet in the house and leave the public with the bogey man,
the devil and his agents whose decisions though affect everyones daily lives; students feel
that to put their feet down to the end in sticky national issues is a taboo; political and other
social activists think that to be called a renowned activist means to serve as paid agent in
blackmailing or blowing the trumpet of anyone coming with some money; and citizens in
general feel that standing up for nation is an optional or passive responsibility that doesnt
require peoples blood, sweat and tears all the way to the end of any issue that comes at
stake.
If these observed primary reasons were wrong to be attributed to our nations massive woes,
then for instance, we would not have still by now be living with, and enduring the BROAD
LIES AND INJUSTICES that form the very foundation of this country, for which we
continue to live with unmitigated disaster 194 years on; we would have known that in a
society where everything is so twisted and thwarted from the very beginning like ours, no
amount of reforms can reshape things, but instead, a complete revolution. I am not referring
here to a stupid, violent insurrection like what others have orchestrated senselessly against
our people over and over in this country with no positive vector, but a peaceful and honest
national engagement involving all stakeholders deliberating key issues like a name change
for our country, the use of a genuine transitional justice mechanism to help account for the
unspeakable historical crimes of this country, and a means to create new traditions and
culture of life etc. We would have also by now known that working with a messy organic
law (constitution) is very dangerous and using national symbols, emblems, and awards that
reflect the sole interest of one out of 17 ethnic groups is dangerous; and instead of using
more than US$15 million in the midst of a raging epidemic to stupidly put people into
office for 9 years in a country pressed against time, we would have long since prioritized
working on our constitution, strengthening and streamlining our statutes, ordinances, etc.
building stronger systems and institutions, changing our emblems, awards, and symbols so
that they cut across the interest of all of our citizens in an effort to engender integration,
reconciliation, nationalism, and patriotism among others. Even more disturbing and
damaging to the point of deserving quick national attention before we can take any major
step forward as a people, is the issue of repairing the very NASTY breaches of our past. But

sadly this continues not to be the case, and we remain dug in our heels to push these grave
issues under the carpet, only to satisfy power quest or personal interests.
The shortsightedness and parochialism of our society has also made us to neglect the
following key facts which border on how we can use our personal problems to solve our
national or common problems; that is, for example:
a) We still dont know that there are no rules governing when, and under what specific
conditions a responsible citizen can decide to rise to the challenge of erecting
checkpoints for certain negative activities within his/her society.
b) We dont sadly know as yet that it doesnt take the importation of peoples personal
problems from Mars or Jupiter, or from Asia of Europe etc. to apply them to our
domestic Liberian situations in search of lasting solutions, but instead, it takes the
personal problems of, for instance, the Kartees, the Williams etc. to be put into
national perspectives in finding solutions to general Liberian problems
Having laid all of the premises above, I now drive my major points home. As said above, I
have always felt unsatisfied and worried about conditions in my country. This worry for
nation, which broadly reflected within my personal interactions, even at the job site, turned
me into an easy target for the Americo-Liberian LPRC authorities. In fact, I started
becoming nervous generally of a society, and specifically of a working environment that
promoted more Lies, and hated the Truth. As a matter of fact, it was my truthful
engagement with MD Williams that prompted his cruel and bogus action he only needed a
lie to calm him down; something he never could have gotten too from me. This too is the
country we have built! Indeed, the overall problem of our society is so deep and looks
impossible to tackle, but we must now put our faiths in God to test and begin tackling this
huge mess a campaign we are honored to lead by Gods grace, beginning with this very
opportunity in crisis.
In tackling the problems though, we need to first establish root causes, constructively lay
and accept some blames; then, identify, build consensus upon, and reinforce solution
options. In this vein, whenever I look into my Problem Identification and Solution
Mirror, I only see two objects accounting for this complex and seemingly insurmountable
trouble that mama country finds itself in and the two objects I see are my very self and a
very huge stockpile of historical mess/debris, which MUST be cleared at all costs if we are
to move ahead. This suggests that I (as any other civic minded person is required to do),
must first commit and practically apply myself to the clearance of this huge historical debris
(our nations terrible and messy past, which continues to exert enormous negative
influences on our present and future). Danish Philosopher Soren Kiekegard could never
have presented this perspective better for us than when he said, Life must be lived forward,
but it can only be understood backward.

The next gigantic challenge though becomes, how does one apply him/herself to the
assignment of clearing this huge stockpile of historical dirt. Response may vary, but one
common answer that works, which may sound controversial is that we need, in almost all
cases, to be struck or hit by something very painful before beginning this arduous task. And
in the social sense, nothing will be this painful, more than persistently constant and
trenchant acts of injustice. Then the next question will be how do we use our experiences
with injustice to embark on this national assignment? And the answer of course, is how we
will go about defending ourselves or addressing acts of injustice against ourselves, a task or
process that definitely depends on which tool (s) we use. In my case, God has presented to
me one big toolbox labeled Truth Toolbox, from which all the major implements like
education, nationalism, fear for God, selfishness, love etc. will spring out and avail
themselves for use in this big national project. I am particularly assured, strengthened and
motivated by these few religious and philosophical passages that reverberate the
unconquerable powers of the plain truth:
Syrian born, Sunni Islamic Scholar, Ibn al-Qayyim, commenting on the deepest Islamic
perspective of Truth said the following, Ask the average person to define truthfulness
and the answer will most likely be restricted to something about truthful speech. Islam
however teaches that truthfulness is far more than having an honest tongue. In Islam,
truthfulness is the conformity of the outer with the inner, the action with the intention,
the speech with the belief, and the practice with the preaching. As such, truthfulness is
the very cornerstone of the upright Muslims character and the springboard for his
virtuousness in deeds.
Mr. al-Qayyim further said, Truthfulness is the greatest of all stations or positions.
From it sprouts all the various stations of those traversing the path to God; and from it
sprouts the upright path, which if not trodden, perdition (eternal punishment) is that
persons fate. Through it the hypocrite is distinguished from the believer, and the
inhabitants of paradise from the denizen of Hell. It is the sword of God in the Earth: It is
not placed on anything except that it cuts it; it does not face falsehood except that it
hunts it and vanquishes it; whoever (uses it as a weapon in battle) will not be defeated;
and whoever speaks it, his word will be made supreme over his opponent. It is the very
essence of deeds and the wellspring of spiritual states, it allows a person to embark
boldly into dangerous situations, and it is the door through which one enters the
presence of the One possessing Majesty. By practicing truthfulness, a person betters
himself; his life is made upright; and due to the truth, he is elevated to praiseworthy
heights and raised in ranks in the sight of God as well as (in the sight of his fellow)
human beings
From a Biblical perspective, the worlds wisest man of his times, King Solomon, listed
Lie and Mischief Making at the top among Gods most hated sins or crimes. The
greatest philosopher and teacher of all times Jesus Christ, put all this into a contextual
summary when He said, And you shall know the truth, and the truth shall set you free.

Finally, former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill had this to say about the
power of truth: The truth is incontrovertible, malice may attack it, ignorance may
deride it, but in the end, there it is.
What a great way, I guess, of putting all of us into the right frame of mind to listen to the
arguments of truth that have been presented throughout the rest of this pamphlet or
literature. As such, I now proudly defend my long-held view that the January 25, 2013
bogus dismissal action effected against me, Roland S. Kartee, by authorities of the
Liberia Petroleum Refining (truly though Storage) Company, including all of the issues
surrounding the action and its subsequent contestation to this date, constitute a truly game
changing and revolutionary tale for our country. This case, as you are about to discover for
yourselves through the reading, contains in it, a bit of each of the major culprits that have
been ultimately responsible for the very disgraceful, unstable, unproductive, doomed, and
gloomed nature that our country perpetually finds itself in, since 1822. The issues are many,
but I am going to systematically outline to you the most outstanding 10 in my opinion.
Welcome once more to this deeper discovery session.
SOME OF THE MANY SOCIETAL PROBLEMS EXPOSED BY OUR CASE
1) To begin with, this case exposes Liberias nasty culture of a gross hatred for discipline
and strong working systems, essentials of life which are always ramped down our throat
by the efforts of friendly foreign nations through their tax payers hard earned monies.
In the pursuit of this hatred for discipline and working systems, we always turnout
demonstrating gross ingratitude to caring friends who make these sacrifices to improve
our lives. The business function I serve at LPRC is a direct makeup of the USAIDs
Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program (GEMAP) that was active
here between 2006 and 2010. And I use the present tense, serve always here because,
as far as I am concerned, I am still on the job, its just I am being illegally disallowed
access to my office, although I really wish an opportunity to formally disengage ASAP.
GEMAP, among other things, helped, or was intended to help build capacity, increase
the revenue generating strength, reduce expenditure, and enhance transparency and
accountability within the Liberian Public Sector. In 2008, GEMAP hired an Egyptian
Business Information Technology Expert, Mr. Osama Aziz Ahmed Faraq to assess the
current system and subsequently layout the design for a new, more aggressive and more
productive Information Technology Department at the LPRC. Some of Mr. Faraqs key
findings included the following:
i.

LPRC currently faces significant problems due to the absence of an information

systems infrastructure in place, and that this lack is causing serious losses in terms of
opportunities and money to the company

ii.

The general awareness for information technology at the company is very low, and
the regular staffs need considerable efforts to improve their basic computing
capabilities.

iii.

Key functional areas of the company, including Finance, Operations, Procurement,

Maintenance, etc. are very inefficient owing to a significant lack of business
application systems (meaning a function that will determine the different required
software whether off the shelf, customized, or self-developed application
software), that will focus on the companys business processes etc.
As a result of his findings, Osama designed a suitable IT infrastructure, which includes
the Business Applications Office (for among other functions, to actively share in the
handling of those three key system problems above), and also to specifically advance
industry knowledge, control different management processes like change management,
project management, software application support, research and development support
etc. After a series of GEMAP-recommended and company-facilitated trainings
(professional, technical and academic), I assumed the management of the Business
Applications Office by the end of the first quarter in 2010. After just two full years of
service in this function, LPRC, in line with the normal Liberian culture, sees no more
need for this GEMAP-recommended position, and out of some cruel political and ethnic
motivation, bogusly claims it has fired the GEMAP-Company-trained functionary of
the office. There were even news in the grapevine that after repeated attempts to entrap
me into their dark world by encouraging me to do for them some sycophantic apology
letter out of fakehood, to get back to the position failed, the immoral LPRC authorities
condescendingly got mad and completely deleted the position and title from the
companys organizational chart. What a beautiful way to tell GEMAP goodbye.
This criminally ungrateful act is not of course strange in the history of this grotesquely
failed state. No time in this funny countrys history has it ever made any productive use
of any form of assistance rendered it. For example, history has it that one point in time,
after miserably lavishing and misapplying two successive and major loan monies (1871
and 1906), and been grossly unable to pay a cent of these monies back, as the AmericoLiberians have always done with all loan monies in the past, and continue to do so
today, America helped broker another $1.7 million loan for the dull Americo-Liberian
aristocratic elite in 1912, while sending along financial experts to guide them manage
revenue collection and expenses, so as to enable them pay back this, plus past loans. Just
because America could not take full control of a so-called sovereign Liberias financial
systems as we saw in the case of GEMAP quite recently, the $1.7million could
disgracefully never be repaid again, let alone those loans of the past, which had
accumulated enormous interests. This huge burden on Liberia constrained Firestone to
force a US$5 million loan on Liberia at the signing of the foolish 1926 concession
agreement, and again, Liberia could not pay this new $5 million loan back normally,
except by doing so through the withholding or confiscation by Firestone of the already
negligible
royalties
that
were
due
government
(www.alhajikromahpage.org/alhajifirestone.htm, A Short History of the First Liberian
Republic etc.). From the early 1960s to the early 1970s, Liberia credited huge monies to
construct among other projects, including their Mount Coffee Hydro Plant, their Liberia

Petroleum Refining Company, their John F. Kennedy Hospital (www.wikipedia.org),

but could never pay back any of these debts due to their natural hatred for discipline and
strong systems. Some of these monies accumulated interest after long years into the
staggering $4.9 billion debt that the international community fought and cancelled by
June 2010. As we speak, just in five years of this kind of huge debt waiver, dull Liberia
is currently lingering into another round of useless, unproductive debts within the
neighborhood of $1-2 billion again.
Still to bring you more examples of how Liberia always fails to leverage beautiful
assistance packages for the benefit of the masses, immediately after World War II,
President Harry Truman (US) launched the Point Four Program to share American
know-how in various fields including Agriculture, Industry, Health etc. with numerous
third-world countries including criminal Liberia. Today, this can never point to any
substantial progress in anyone of these areas. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy
commissioned the International Peace Corp Program to help third-world countries,
including Liberia again, in the areas of academic and technical education at different
levels with all of these programs costing US tax payers hundreds of millions of
dollars. Liberia, today, is still sadly at the bottom of all human development indices. The
reason being, each time these people leave, just as in the case of GEMAP now, Liberia
discards all the structures left behind by them, sweeps all their beautiful theories and
concepts under the rug, and reverts to business as usual. The same now applies to the
GEMAP program, which I personally benefited from. For instance, during the GEMAP
Program, Liberia was able to meet some key international benchmarks and score some
key economic successes including a monumental qualification for the IMFs Highly
Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Program, which saw a record $4.9 billion debt waiver,
the movement of Liberia in the Transparency International Corruption Perception Index
from the status of immeasurable in 2006 to the rank of 138th out of 180 countries
surveyed in 2008 (www.ibi.us.gov). But after GEMAP left, and its professional
standards discarded, Liberia took on the title of the Worlds Most Corrupt Country, a
title she defends to date, in many respects. Interestingly, although www.amexdc.com
says GEMAP was a US$38 million project, by 2012, a US Foreign Service Publication,
ProPublica, was reporting that the United States Government had between 2007 and
2012, spent more than $84 million on Liberias good governance and anti-corruption
programs alone.
But before we continue with more of the issues that this case has exposed, let me first
outlined why I was an easy target of mistreatment by the Americo-Liberian Management of
LPRC and the country, especially after just a single instance of some moderate ideological
clash:
a) I was given this raw deal because I have always learned to obey my conscience and live
by the truth to the greatest extent that my human effort can permit, God willing; even if
it meant that I suffered the consequences. In this country that the Black American

criminals established in 1822, called Liberia, if you are not able to sear your conscience
with a hot iron and speak x for y, you will never succeed. Senator Thomas Grupee
of Nimba County alluded to this sad reality in an ELBC interview shortly upon his
election as Chairman of the Senates Internal Affairs Committee in late February 2015,
when he said, You become an enemy in Liberia when you decide to be objective. The
rest of this pamphlet will give you more details about this sad reality, so please read to
the end.
b) The Williams, Browns, and Johnsons decided to rudely send me packing (but
unfortunately for them, the very wrong and illegal way) because I had started becoming
wise up to their evil modus operandi. In the criminal gang called government in this
country, every plan and policy is intended (behind the scenes), to work against the
interest of the vast majority of the people, the ordinary citizens. And as an employee of
government, by the time you begin to notice this cruel agenda and start raising concerns,
you become a target of destruction one way or the other. The rest of this literature will
give you more details.
c) I was savagely ill-treated by my own LPRC authorities, again, backed by the Executive
Mansion because I am a Kartee, and not a Weeks, a McClain, a Tubman, or a Bernard
etc. Under no circumstance would what was meted out to me at LPRC ever be done to
the son of a Johnson, Norman, Parkinson, or Gibson in Liberia. No wonder the British
Peace Charity, Conciliation Resources once said that all the Americo-Liberian
institutions (judiciary, legislature, churches) were set up to suppress us, the indigenous,
and to keep us on the sidelines of life one way or the other forever. Again, you will read
more of these interesting revelations as you go ahead.
d) The detractors decided to play havoc with my promising career and my young familys
future because in this Americo-Liberian country, it is a taboo for elements of indigenous
ethnic African background to be allowed to realize their fullest potentials. They will
always be interrupted somehow in the process. The League of Nations Cuthbert Christy
Report of 1930 and 1931 can attest to this claim. Just read on for more of these kinds of
intriguing explanations
e) My bosses, turned detractors, decided to shrewdly sling mud at me first because they
had realized that, the apparent gradually growing policy differences between me and
them was heading ultimately to the point of exposing their terribly entrenched corrupt
and evil practices. In the Black Americans Bad Apples Liberia, attempting to criticize
unproductive practices or to expose corruption in general, is the most dangerous
undertaking any one can try to venture into. Mr. Rodney Sieh of FrontPage Africa is a
living witness, when they rushed ahead of him first, indicted and convicted him of libel,
and then placed him behind bars absurdly for over 5,000 years because he refused to pay
an illegal fine of US$1.5 million imposed on him for trying to fight corruption.
Accounts of this story were in almost all Liberian dailies between August and October

10

2013. Most recently, a sad one happened with the mysterious death of a whistleblower,
Cllr. Michael Allison who had blown alarm about high-level corruption. The bottom line
remains that Liberia was built on the pillars of immense corruption, so trying to stand up
against corruption is like undermining the very foundation of the state, meaning you will
have the devil to pay.
f) The Williams, Browns, and Johnsons had also checked their settler fraternities
records and discovered that no Kartee ever joined before, or that this Roland Kartees
name could nowhere be found on the rosters of the Accepted Masons, the Alpha Phi
Alpha, and so forth. In their country, if one does not join these fraternities to be used as
foot soldier in their war to destroy the indigenous masses, he risks all sorts of dangers to
his progress and personal safety.
With these six points, among the many probable reasons why the Williams, Browns, and
Johnsons saw me as an easy target in their Liberia, to hit me under the belt, I now continue
with more of the nasty realities of this country that our case has exposed, for which we keep
referring to it as a revolutionary and game changing case that has fortunately began the
process of real change in this country, God willing:
2) This case exposes the criminal nature of our so-called institutions. After two direct
actions aimed at engaging LPRC in a civic-minded way for us to handle our differences
failed, I then formally documented a 17 count, well proven corruption allegations
caseload to the Liberia Anti-Corruption Commission, as obviously, in a very
revolutionary manner. In a responsive and careful environment, I would have been
invited and heard from, in person, even if the format of my complaint didnt match the
LACCs complaint format (although I dont know how possible could this be), but the
LACC, even after I did a follow up letter on this case, has refused to invite me in a
period of more than 30 now. This, meanwhile, is a document, whose complimentary
copies were received by over 40 other key national and international stakeholders,
including the American Embassy near Monrovia, which in less than three weeks perused
the 27-page document and called me up to express their concerns and register their
interest in following the handling and resolution of the case by the Government of
Liberia. Apart from them, a Diaspora-based Liberian journalist, Jordan Poronpea (cka
Jordan P) of online Radio LIB in Baltimore, Maryland, the USA, who got one copy of
the complaint while paying a short visit to Liberia also called and expressed shock at the
level of malpractices being carried out at LPRC, promising to follow the case as we
went about it. The civil society body, Center for the Exchange of Intellectual Opinions
(CEIO) in Monrovia, through its head, Mr. Franklin Wisseh, also alarmed by what he
had read in the document, invited me to speak to the issues at his intellectual center in
April of 2014. But the very body set up by government, which receives millions of US
Dollars of poor Liberian tax payers monies in yearly operating budget to fight
corruption, in addition to millions received from international partners for the same
purpose, has refused to invite me to speak to these issues. Meanwhile, theyve been

11

extracting components of the case to pick bones with the LPRC boss since then (for
instance, the article, LACC Confirms Nation Times Report on LPRC boss, Nation
Times Newspaper, July 9, 2014) etc. And so, for me to be absolutely sure that this
institution, like almost all of the remaining Liberian governmental institutions, was a
criminal one, I decided to give them a whole holiday of time indefinite before I can ever
comment on these issues any time later, by Gods grace.
3) This case has exposed the unimaginable short sightedness of our so-called leaders. It
beats the imagination of any sound mind how would people calling themsevles
corporate executives like T. Nelson Williams wait until his own employee, Roland
Kartee, raises concerns and doubts about managements poorly crafted policy first
before he and his team could start bringing up all of the allegations and accusations in
this world against Roland, as you will discover below, although in more details
somewhat in our other articles. In the world of the wise, he would have been told, you
cannot use a sledgehammer to kill one small mouse in your own house.
4) The massive failure of our very inept leaders to follow simple rules of law, or to follow
due process at every level, was demonstrated in this case. This point alone is a sufficient
reason for why the current status quo must now be dismantled to give way for the
creation of better traditions that will promote due process and the rule of law. When you
thoroughly go through the case, you embarrassingly discover how LPRC shamefully
claimed she had dismissed me, before reasons for the dismissal were been disclosed in
bits and pieces. This is happening when the very constitution of Liberia, as flaw-laden as
it may be, instructs that every step in any disciplinary or punitive actions against citizens
must follow some due process of law. Imagine the very Legislature, as powerful as it is
supposed to be, is demanded by the constitution to follow due process in taking actions
against members or non-members; the courts, which have all the powers of the law, are
compelled to follow due process, even in bringing contempt charges against someone
considered the least of citizens, but a mere administrative body like the LPRC said in
our case that they were so big to follow due process while dealing with their perceived
poor, country and unconnected Roland Kartee. This has been, and continues to be
the order of the day in this funny country, a situation which MUST be changed now God
willing.
5) The current Kartee v. LPRC case exposes a very unproductive tendency of how our
professed leaders turn blind eyes and deaf ears to the concerns and cries of their citizens.
For more than a year, I made about 5 or more different attempts to get the attention of
my detractors appointer, President Sirleaf herself, but her office put up a very
irresponsive and negligent posture to all of the attempts made to date. I thought I was
alone with such experience, not knowing that it was a norm in this Black American
country that leaders only knew their citizens during elections. One physically challenged
man, Carl Victor, a graphic designer, speaking to Sky FM on September 30, 2014 about
how his only family and business car was hit and destroyed in some accident said he had

12

written the Legislature, the President, and many others, seeking some redress
(apparently afraid as many others here are, about the rotten court system), but not a
single soul ever responded to him. In fact, Mr. Victor was heard arguing that there were
no honorable men in Liberia as far as he was concerned, based on how the Legislators
were handling the sanity of the very building in which they work.
6) Our case exposes this other very criminal culture of the Liberian authorities, whereby
they cleverly apply tricks and all forms of intimidation to permanently silence a
dissenting voice. When LPRC saw that I started becoming a little conscious of the cruel
agenda of Liberian institutions (not to extend or grow for the benefit of the vast
majority), the next plan was to come up with some scheme that will break this guys
wings and keep him quiet forever. So the game plan was first to intimidate him with a
barrage of allegations, then because he only cares about his, and his familys survival for
today, he will do an apology letter, which will further leave him at our direct mercy of
whether or not to accept him back, and if we are to accept him, then of course hes
coming completely in his shelves to remain dumb forever, or we reject his appeal and
set him back in life forever.
7) Our citizens overwhelming lack of civic-awareness, and thus, lack of civic-mindedness,
one of the main causes why the society has gone so bad, was perfectly exposed in this
case. I noticed and established this crippling defect at every level of trying to get some
redress for this ordeal. Those different levels, among others, include the following:
When this act was meted out in January of 2013, almost everyone of the 300+
employees of LPRC, including two out of the 4-member top management team, and
even the companys two lawyers did not support the action, and in their own different
ways expressed their moderate oppositions. Various groups as well, including the
Workers Union, Womens Association etc. showed concerns. But in a highly civicaware and civic-minded society, where majority was conscious that injustice in a single
little corner meant injustice everywhere, they would have compelled the management
constructively to reverse the decision and take the right step DUE PPROCESS.
However, in Liberia, no one, especially of a tribal background, dares stand too tall
against decisions coming from the Williams and Browns, so all the employees, though
disappointed, went back into their shelves. I appreciate them all, however, for all the
concerns they showed, but at the same time, I am urging them to play key roles in this
revolutionary enterprise that is intended to now educate all citizens so that we stand up
tall for the right things, no matter against whom.
Within just two days after this jungle justice action was taken, an LPRC whistleblower
took the issue to the press the next working day. Again, this societys exposure to real
harm manifested itself from the angle of the Liberian press. A place which is supposed
to be the watchdog of society; a people who are supposed to investigate issues and
tendencies that work against the publics interest; a people who are supposed to set the

13

agenda for the public to follow etc. proved just from my few months of experience with
them as a common, ordinary person, to be largely interested mainly in the few dollars
and cents that they can collect from behind a story and not how much of threat the
content of that story poses to generations to come, for which it must be investigated to
the letter. I know though, statistically that there are variances from the average,
meaning, there are very few media houses in Liberia that are doing quite well too, but
my experience with institutions like the Microscope, the People, the New Democrat, and
disappointingly too, the National Chronicle, for which I have huge respect all along,
proved somewhat disappointing. Then their very governing body, the Press Union of
Liberia too ignored every document I submitted to her. Howbeit, I consider seriously all
of them to be our strong partners in this new wave of sustained actions for
transformation. I must also be quick to acknowledge how the In Profile Daily
Newspaper proved to be one of the few variances as they collected this story and put up
their first publication about it on the 27th of August 2013, even though with some
noticeable errors. They probably wanted more of my input in order to continue, but I
was not forthcoming for some reasons. I also owe the clarification that I did not visit
most other media houses like the powerful FrontPage Africa, Inquirer, Daily Observer
etc. But on the overall, while we acknowledge major fundamental problems that we
must attack now in unison, the Liberian media has been putting out a lot of useful
information for those who truly want to change this country, and we are proud
beneficiaries for the level of information we have been able to gather thus far from the
press here and abroad.
8) Another terrible tradition of this society that our case exposes is this formalized and
state-sponsored chicanery exhibited by leaders at the very top. Madam Sirleaf for
example, is on record for discouraging citizens (she said youths though) from getting on
the air ways and making allegations against government officials and institutions; but
instead, she encouraged anyone having proven claims against her officials and
institutions to carefully document those claims and send them to her office. The
president, who is on record for making such claims and calls all around the place, as if
she meant what she was saying, did receive this case about the numerous clandestine
and condescending economic misbehaviors of her appointed officials at the LPRC, and
for over two years now, she hasnt made any single comment. Apart, the very institution
she set up for this purpose hasnt said a word about these things despite having been
engaged a second time for redress. One occasion on which Madam Sirleaf gave the
public such assurance was when she visited the CENPID Intellectual Center in February
of 2014. That is how this president has been lying (before her coming to power, and
during her presidency) all around the place, that she has become so much of an
embarrassment to women leaders in this country and people generally in leadership,
including the very church in which she worships. But because this is a criminally
sycophantic society, none of these people shes interacting with daily will ever squarely
put it to her face each time she lies. No wonder Pastor Benito said the last time that she

14

needed regular Bible tutorials to teach her that obedience was better than sacrifice
instead of every time going for fast and prayer sessions when she and her government
drive the country into hells of mess due to their gross disobedience to God. For example
Ellen lied that she never supported the National Patriotic Front Rebels that ravaged this
country for years; later, Wikipedia unveiled that she was one of the three founding
members of the NPFL, and was the groups international fund raiser. Ellen then again
said she never supported the NPFL with her physical cash; later at the Truth and
Reconciliation Commission hearings, she confessed that she gave the group $10,000 in
humanitarian support (www.publicagendanews.com). Ellen lied that she was going to
use her vast international contact to rebuild the Executive Mansion in 3 months if the
NPFL rebels were to level it down to the ground just to kill Samuel Doe (BBC), that
very mansion fortunately survived the NPFL rampaging and she became president. In 6
months of her presidency, just one segment of the mansion caught fire as a result of her
careless management style. Eleven to twelve years on, into her leadership, the mansion
has never been renovated for that fire incident that damaged only one of the buildings
several floors/storeys since 2006. Ellen said before her election that she was going to
electrify Monrovia in 6 months, but 10 years on, Ellen, with all of the support and
international goodwill her government is enjoying, has not been able to permanently
electrify just a single street in Monrovia; Ellen lied she was going to connect all county
capitals with paved roads by the time her 12 year presidency was over, but 11 years into
her administration, she has not been able to rehabilitate a simple 31 mile stretch of busy
one-lane street right within her so-called capital, the Somalia Drive, but has instead been
waiting for the Japanese Government to do this work since she started begging them in
2009 (National Chronicle); Ellen lied in 2011 that her government was going to provide
20,000 jobs per annum, but 5 years into this promise, she and her government havent
created one of these jobs convincingly yet; Ellen lied in 2006 that she and her
government were going to make corruption public enemy #1 and were going to spare no
effort in combating this menace; to date, Ellen holds a double championship title from
Transparency International to the world most corrupt country, position/status which
technically translates to being the worlds most corrupt president. Today, she has now
coined a new name for corruption to delude the public as usual just playing talk
shop with precious generations of people all around the place etc. I could go on listing
here, but just from the few above, any sound mind can agree with me that no civilized
society would ever allow people of such caliber (which is not limited to Ellen alone, but
to almost 99% of Americo-Liberian elements) to be called their leaders even for a single
day. This means we must now embark, with urgency, on the herculean task of changing
this society into a civilized one because we believe that there are still some Lots in
this Sodom & Gomorah.
9) Being from a strong administrative and managerial background, I have always admired
Paul Hawkinss law of dealing with deep seated social problems, like corruption. Paul
says, Good management is the art of making problems so interesting and their

15

solutions so constructive that everyone wants to get to work and deal with them. The
problem in question here for Liberia is Corruption, which the current Liberian president
keeps referring to with different names as if she was elected to philosophize problems. I
decided to use this case to gauge how my fellow compatriots take this issue of
corruption seriously, and how a single instance of corruption in any sector of society, no
matter how small, impacted everyone everywhere, one way or the other. For example,
the Ghanaian Corruption and Fraud Audit Consortium has blamed corruption for several
deleterious consequences or impacts, including, unnecessary increments in the prices of
our needed goods/services, undue inflation within our economies, governments
inability to finance budget expenditures, the primary reason why public
infrastructures/services like roads, public buildings, health services etc. end up being
inferior and substandard, and the reason why the economic future of our country will
always remain bleak and so forth. Even as weak and deceptive as the Liberia Anti
Corruption Commission, LACC is, it alludes to the fact that corruption breaks the rule of
law frameworks and also leads to imprudent spending and the waste of public resources.
The LACC also acknowledges and describes corruption in its profile statement as the
major challenge that exists to economic development, poverty alleviation and
democratic governance. The United Nations Office for Drugs and Crimes Executive
Director, Yury Fedotov said, Corruption is a serious roadblock to economic
development. It aggravates inequality and injustice, and it undermines stability,
especially in the worlds most vulnerable regions. Then finally, the UN Boss himself,
Mr. Ban Ki Moon made these remarks in 2009 on the occasion of the International AntiCorruption Day. He said, When public money is stolen for private gains, it means
fewer resources to build schools, hospitals, roads, and water treatment facilities etc.
When foreign aid is diverted into private bank accounts, major infrastructure projects
come to a complete halt. Corruption makes fake and substandard drugs to be dumped
onto the market, and hazardous wastes to be dumped onto our landfill sites and onto our
oceans. He then concluded, Corruption hinders economic development by distorting
markets and damaging private sector integrity, and that the vulnerable [poor] people, in
all this trouble, are the ones that suffer the worst.
In a research, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes disclosed that evidence in
their possession shows that corruption harms poor people more than anyone else; it
stifles economic growth and diverts desperately needed funds intended for healthcare,
education, and other public services. A new research conducted in 2014 revealed the
true cost of global corruption, suggesting that $1 trillion is lost by the worlds poorest
countries to such things as money laundering and tax evasion, causing the [premature
and untimely] deaths of around 3.6 million people living in extreme poverty [each year].
This report, entitled The Trillion Dollar Scandal was released by an antipoverty
group called ONE, which linked the extreme poverty affecting a number of least
developed countries around the world to widespread corruption. According to ONE,
corruption is blamed for stealing $1 trillion from poor people through such things as the

16

signing of shady deals for natural resources by governments, the use of anonymous shell
companies in national business transactions, and involvements into money laundering
and tax evasion activities etc. ONE describes corruption in low-income countries as
nothing other than a [hard core] murderer or killer (http://blueandgreentomorrow.com)
China, the worlds second greatest economy after America, which is fighting to even
overtake America, if care is not taken by the US, knows how damaging each single act
of corruption is to the public good. President Xi JinPing knows that to grow his
economy robustly and remain ahead of the curve in the global economic growth
competition, he must fight corruption root and branch, and not the Ellen Sirleaf or the
Americo-Liberian way, and, he has the support of his highly educated citizens in this
drive. While Liberia has not yet classified corruption as a criminal offence, corruption is
among capital crimes in China, punishable by very long years of imprisonment or death
depending on the gravity. According to www.thediplomat.com, a survey conducted by
the Social Survey Center of China Youth Daily found that a whopping 75% of the
Chinese citizenry support death penalty for proven official corruption. Upon taking
office in 2012, President Xi launched a sweeping campaign against corruption, dubbed,
Operations Fox Hunt, intended to track down ex-officials and Chinese businessmen
who have allegedly pillaged the countrys wealth in the past and have absconded justice
and fled into foreign countries. The Washington-based Global Financial Integrity Group,
which analyzes illicit financial flows, estimates that $1 trillion illegally flowed out of
China from 2002 to 2011. Operations Fox Hunt, though faced with huge challenges such
as lack of extradition treaties with governments of the 3 most popular destinations for
suspected economic criminals the USA, Canada, and Australia, is still making
tremendous progress, even within some of these very 3 countries, while major
breakthroughs have been reported in South America, Western Europe, Africa and the
South Pacific, according to the Chinese State news agency, Xinhua, in late October
2014. Xinhua said, China has sent 20 teams to Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia,
Cambodia, and other neighboring countries, arresting 75 suspects. Earlier on, Xinhua
quoted the Minister of Public Security as reporting a total of 104 suspects, 76 of which
returned home voluntarily and turned themselves in for investigation demonstrating
trust in their judicial system. By October 2014, China said its Fox Hunt had netted 128
people who had returned from more than 40 countries (http://m.theglobeandmail.com).
This is not a mere lip service fight as money is being retrieved while people are being
found guilty and duly sentenced. For example, sometime 2014 or so, BBC reported how
one former top oil industry executives home was searched and the government came
across, and confiscated a stunning $30 million cash. In October 2014, the former
Deputy Chief Engineer of Chinas disbanded Railways Ministry, Mr. Zhang Shiguang
was given a suspended death sentence for pleading guilty for corruption. He was found
guilty by a court in Beijing for taking bribes of more than 47 million Yuan or US$7.7
million to help companies gain contracts. This happened after his former associate, Liu

17

Zhijun, the former Railways Minister was earlier given a suspended 2 year death
sentence for pleading guilty for corruption too in 2013 (www.bbc.co.uk).
While I never expected majority of my fellow compatriots (over 98%) to be this
informed about the fatal dangers of corruption and most of these world updates on
corruption, I still expected key national stakeholders especially, like our university
students, the religious community, the press, the civil society community, and some
within the very government (no matter how contaminated it may be) to show a little bit
of concern when a fellow citizen, no matter what suspicions they may have about this
person, decides to take up valuable time, exhaust scarce resources, and share with them
something that burns his/her chest. But all of these major national and international
stakeholders, besides the 3 we will always refer to in appreciation the American
Embassy, Journalist Jordan Poronpea, and the Center For The Exchange Of
Intellectual Opinions decided to accord our document and this national case a
complete deaf ear, we hope this silence is just for a while though.
In a country like Liberia, with all of the devastating and appalling economic and
demographic profiles and statistics (read more of these strange economic profiles on
pages 126 to 130 ahead), where for example, hospitals are still using flashlights to
perform delivery services on women; children are still sitting on the bare floor to learn,
women and children still walk for up to 2 days before reaching a nearby poorly
equipped health facility due to lack of roads etc., I documented 17 well proven and very
devastating corrupt acts of the Management and Board of Directors of the Liberia
Petroleum Refining (truly Storage) Company (see the LPRC Case to the LACC attached
for details) where I, for example provided evidence of LPRC Managements
squandering of US$170,500 intended for the urgent buying of land to build a new office
in 2012; managements misappropriation of millions of US Dollars of Japanese Oil
grant to Liberia (an act which implicitly contributed to all of the delays and
complications that for long saddled the Somalia Drive Road project, 6 years after the
Japanese Government had agreed in principle to rebuild that road for the Liberia
people); the criminal manner in which the LPRC management has been handling the
companys overall rehabilitation project, which started more than 10 years back etc.
Imagine 17 of these kinds of well proven allegations, with a promise to even let more
out of the bag from classified documents within our possession, and then these Liberian
national stakeholders decide to ignore all this, with no single concern, yet you hear
people complaining about governments inability to provide basic social services; you
hear people calling on all of the talk shows and complaining about endemic corruption,
thinking that God would send down swarm of angels to fight these countless menaces
for us.
The point I tried to make through this approach that is, trying to get everyone involved as
possible is simple. The fighting of every act of corruption everywhere is everyones
business, but to truly make it everyones business, everyone must have all the details to

18

make them move. But unfortunately because of the gross lack of civic mindedness in this
country, which again cant totally be blamed on the people, as youll fully discover ahead,
the university students which we shared these documents with, for example, may not know
that the quality of their education depends squarely on how wisely LPRC, Freeport, RIA
etc. manage the resources of our country and how aggressively they create wealth for all of
us, instead of these state-owned business enterprises turning into liability on us as we see
presently, due to the lack of management and nationalism. The students at the University of
Liberia, the African Methodist Episcopal University, the United Methodist University, the
Stella Maris Polytechnic etc., which were provided these sensitive issues of corruption since
March of 2014 and have refused to even invite the author of the work one day to hear from
him in person, are simply saying that due to their lack of civic awareness, they dont know
that it is the prudent and productive management again of LPRC, RIA, Freeport, FDA etc.
and the government in general that will ensure that more jobs are out there waiting for them
as they walk out of the walls of those universities. These students, like some of the other
stakeholders are also saying that they expect an angel to travel from Heaven and give them
details about how LPRC is misbehaving economically and managerially, and not an insider
of LPRC instead, and further they are thinking that an insider who naturally has not fallen
out with LPRC for something, would just come out ordinarily and start revealing secrets
no wonder Liberia has gone 2 centuries now without achieving anything. Lets change our
mindsets university students.
To you, of the Christian Community (through the Liberian Council of Churches) and the
Muslim Community (through the leadership of the National Muslim Council of Liberia)
that we took up time, looked tediously, located you, and dispatched copies of this case to
your offices, but you have felt too religious to get involved, or your involvement would be
like fronting to put one Roland Kartee from Pluto back to work when of course he will not
be sharing his earnings with you, I say, you seem to be getting everything quite wrong. If
what you read in that document reflects how LPRC, Freeport, and in fact, how your entire
government is running the economy and the country as a whole, and you think you must
remain neutral or passive, then something seems to be fundamentally wrong about how
committed to Gods stewardship instruction we are. The God whose voice and principles
you in the religious community claim to advocate, is the same ONE who created all of us,
placed us into separate units called countries, endowed us with the right kinds and amounts
of resources to sustain us generations after generations until He comes back at the time we
dont know, and instructed us to be good managers (stewards /khalifas) of these resources
(material and human) so that they serve each of us adequately. Now, if one group comes (in
the case of Liberia, calling themselves Americo-Liberians and superiors) or one generation,
among the countless to come after us, decides to mismanage all of the resources from the
rest of the future generations through greed, cruelty, and criminality etc. and you sit and
continue to behave neutrally and passively, then we must go back on the drawing board and
redefine religion. Are we aware that God made us a complex being with many different
needs and aspects that blend together to make us complete beings? Is it possible that we can

19

make it in life by only attending to our spiritual needs, while leaving out our physiological,
educational, economic etc. and other needs? Do we think that it is Gods will, that we, His
servants go on lacking the basic needs of life and lacking in scourging poverty and misery,
only because a less than 1% of our population deserves all of the good at the expense of
99.5% of the population? Do we think by adopting this posture we will be securing more
tickets among our worshippers for Heaven? Let all of us in the religious community, both
Christians and Muslims ponder upon these and many more questions. But I leave you with
this quotation from the Indian Spiritual Leader, Sri Satha Sai Baba, which says, If you do
not feel the call at the sight of human distress, disease or devastation from the right, [then],
how can you muster the determination and the dedication necessary to serve the unseen,
inscrutable and mysterious God? When you do not love man, your heart will not love God.
To the political parties that were served copies of this case, which speaks to just a drop in
the ocean of the level of nonsense happening at LPRC and the government in general, but
chose too to remain silent about it, probably because the author is not well connected in
your reading, or one of your members, or that you are somewhat skeptical about the
authors motives etc, but yet you take microphones daily and cry wolf about corruption and
misgovernance, I tell you, we can never build a better nation and society only by waiting to
become ministers, senators and presidents before we act against issues that are evidently
tearing down our society into pieces. If democracy meant, allow John Brown to steal for
the 12 years he was elected for unchallenged, and lets wait till the end of his tenure to
elect another person, then I am afraid democracy is the worst form of government because
resources are depletable, and if you allow John Brown to steal for his 12 years
unchallenged because he is in power today, then we must be prepared to allow Peter Paul to
steal his share of the cake unchallenged for his part of 18 years when he takes power
tomorrow, then I dont know where we will be heading on this planet? Or, if democracy
meant, once elected, leaders have complete control over all the resources unchallenged,
then it is about time we find a different form of government. Or still, if democracy meant
that we only express our opposition to cruelty and misguided actions by calling one press
conference today, blasting out, and thats it, then I am afraid Liberia has disaster written all
over it etc. I thought in a democracy, political parties would stand up tall in advocating for
the survival and wellbeing of the state by ensuring that government, among other things
provides all of the important goods/services needed by the citizenry; ensure that citizens
realize their potentials, and that political and cultural corruption are battled head on not
leaving all these crucial responsibilities at the will and pleasure of the ruling party. To this
end, I trusted and shared this case with the following parties through their executives: Unity
Party, Liberty Party, Congress for Democratic Change, Movement for Progressive Change
etc. and received no reply from any.
To you civil society institutions and youth groups, whose members are mostly known for
calling press conferences and taking up phones every morning, afternoon and evening to
express your disappointments about governments performance on various talk shows, I tell
you that voicing out our concerns on talk shows is just one baby step towards the sacrifices

20

needed to help clean up our society. In a nation whose leaders themselves are
predominantly mere talkatives and political grandstanders, we will make no much impact
by just talking. Martin Luther King, Jr., the father of civil society activism, suggested that
the only best way to demonstrate our frustration or disappointment about the sticky issues
of society that have refused to be impacted is to dramatize them. And you can only
dramatize issues in the public if you have the right information already compiled about the
issues you want to dramatize. If we will not encourage one another to adopt the culture of
carefully documenting our complaints, no matter what it takes and how long it takes, then
we probably are not yet ready to make any difference. I remember sharing our LPRC case
with the Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia (COTOL), the Campaigners for
Change, the Federation of Liberian Youths, Center For The Promotion Of Intellectual
Development among others.
I was also convicted that our international partners are major stakeholders in all issues
pertaining to our current condition and forward march. To demonstrate this conviction, I
shared this LPRC case with several of them depending on how far my available resources
could allow me, including the American Embassy, the Chinese Embassy, the Nigerian
Embassy, European Union, the World Bank, the African Development Bank etc. This was
intended for them to see for themselves what Liberian institutions were doing with their
own meager resources as they continue to beg international partners for loans and grants
every day. With this message from Martin Luther King, Jr. below, I was trying to tell the
international community that it was now time that we have a rethink of how to treat issues
pertaining to this old, dull country that seems to be making no worthwhile strides. MLK
says, Philanthropy is commendable, but it must not cause the philanthropist to [ignore] or
overlook the circumstances of economic injustice which make philanthropy necessary [in
the first place].
For Liberian Government institutions or offices that I served, including the head of the
Executive Branch, the Legislature, the Liberia Anti-Corruption Commission (the main actor
and final destination of the document) etc., who since almost 3 years now have refused to
comment, it has not come to me as a surprise though, because I know it is their intention to
do everything humanly possible to kill that case and throw in the dust bin forever, and to try
to get at the author negatively, if possible. This is because such move by the author tends to
undermine the very source of these institutions energy and influence Corruption, and
encouraging this kind of effort will start a new wave of actions that will ultimately end up
disastrous for them. Howbeit, I still have the belief that there are some variances, some
deviants, some elements still within these governmental institutions who appreciate this
kind of effort, and will be willing to work with us, but are not yet ready to show up,
probably because they are still watching out there for the right kind of leadership to follow.
Conclusively though, the intent of sharing this case with all of these parties and
stakeholders (I even wished I had the resources to share it further) is again my conviction
that every act of corruption anywhere, as we read in the intro of this section, especially

21

within our public sector, impacts each of us one way or the other very negatively. And as
such, when theres a problem that affects everybodys interests so simultaneously at every
level like what corruption proves it can do, every occurrence of that problem in any corner
must be fought collectively. In agreement with this observation, the help desk service of one
international pressure or civil society group recently disclosed as its new discovery that the
fight against endemic corruption (like that of Liberia) can only be effective using what the
group calls the Collective Action Approach, instead of the old-fashion Principal-Agent
Approach, whereby for example, Liberians will be waiting for the Anti-Corruption
Commission alone to search for, and fight corruption. It is from this backdrop that all these
individuals and institutions (stakeholders) were served this LPRC case. Imagine if LPRC
alone, which is supposed to be generating billions in revenue for the people of Liberia and
should be extending branches all across the country creating thousands of jobs for the
citizens, is involved in the level of malpractices we presented in this case, then lets think
about what is happening at the over 100 fund-raising or revenue generating agencies in this
country. Lets think about how much we are losing to criminality. This was the concern and
perspective I was trying to make out there to all of you. But I was not writing to beg you
help me get reinstated as many may have perceived it. NO! NO! NO! God has helped me
with some potentials and talents that I can find something to do at any time through His
grace. In spite of this strong personal preparation for remaining economically strong in a
very tough terrain like Liberia, I also feel that if we are to change our society for the better,
we who are a bit opportune among millions must make some painful sacrifice such as going
out of job for years, and accepting all of the accompanying humiliations etc. in an attempt
to fight to get certain things right. For the change that we all desire will neither come from
out of the blue or be achieved on silver platter, nor will we be able to influence anything
here if we only want to always remain under the air cool.
10) The Roland Kartee v. LPRC Case exposes Liberias strong hatred for the educational
and productivity concept of LEARNING BY DOING a concept Ive tried to stand
up for all through my life. This is the idea that GEMAP was simply encapsulating into
the function we call Business Applications at LPRC, and thanks to my immediate
boss, Mr. John M. Dukuly, who saw in me the required pedigree of always wanting to
practically apply theoretical concepts to real life problems, and as such was keen on
ensuring that I occupied the position. Although this portfolio, Business Applications
Manager, has a more technological overture in terms of its first relation to the idea of
using variables and methods to construct classes and other objects within a Visual
Studio environment and stuffs like that, it had an initially heavy focus on business
analysis issues based on where LPRC was coming from. We needed to focus on the
creation of a more enhanced operating environment first in terms of our basic business
processes, like getting the right off-the-shelf software for each of our business processes
and managing our traditional accounting data, managing emailing, managing
procurement processes etc. Further emphasis was placed on such things as an analysis of
the data processing systems, organizational structure, strategies, policies and processes

22

in general. In my part of work methodology, it was a matter of practically enforcing all

of the theoretical concepts, something terribly hated within the Liberian society and
work environment. In fact, it is an established and accepted Liberian culture to learn or
read x from the books and practice y as soon as you enter the real world. The
prospect of me running into quick predicament with the LPRC authorities happened
with no much of a surprise to me because the position championed something terribly
hated by this Black American Slaves society. A visiting American Educator, Mr. Hugh
Mason Brown could never had depicted this unproductive and embarrassing Liberian
reality any stronger than when he put it this way in 1896 The Americo-Liberian is a
man who had memorized the higher education of another race, without ever realizing the
fact that knowledge is power (www.theperspective.org).
Even the very step to any genuine application of education, which is READING, and
massively reading with understanding, has always sadly been a difficult thing for the
Liberian society. Our society tearfully might not know by now that if we dont fist learn
to read aggressively, we will never be able to apply any of the beautiful concepts,
theories and principles of education to our everyday situations so as to improve our
lives. It may amaze any 21st century person that to read even a 10-page document is a
big taboo to the typical Liberian. I doubt it, and it is even proven by the reality we see
on ground today, that over 98% of our people know, or are aware of the following hard
facts about reading, which are just a few of the many benefits attached to reading, and
reading well with understanding:

That we first need to read well before we even eat well

That before we take any critical action in life, we must have read well first
That in order to boost our imagination and creativity, we must first read well
That in order to transcend from the crude state of natural life to modern or
sophisticated levels, especially as a people or nation, we must inculcate a strong
culture of sound reading into all our citizens
To engender self-confidence, self-reliance, self-determination etc. and even the
sovereignty that we claim, we must first read well . Etc. and etc. (To back my
claim here, everyone would recall that, demonstrating his pity for the Liberian
situation, President George Bush was reported to have donated US$1 million worth
of books to Liberia when he visited the country in February 2008 according to
reliable sources.)
The above few benefits of reading may sound trivial, or it may seem trivial to mention these
basics here, but importantly, they hugely affect the very core of our human existence and
are a gateway to improved livelihoods especially in this knowledge economy of today a
fact I see so far away from the Liberian societys perceptions. Many prominent writers
agree with me on this extreme importance of reading in our lives. For example, William
Nicholson said, We read to know that we are not alone. Joseph Brodsky declares, There
are worst crimes than burning books, and one, is not reading them. Lets cap all these with

23

what William Faulkner and Francois Muniac had to say respectively, Read! Read! Read!
Read everything thrash, classics, good and bad, and see how they do it. Just like a
carpenter who works as an apprentice and studies the master, read! You will absorb it.
Then write. If it is good, you will find out. If it is not, then throw it out of the window. If
you would tell me the heart of a man, tell me not what he reads, but instead what he
rereads.
Emphasis is laid here on these points not in any show of scholastic ostentation, but to
highlight how seriously this issue is affecting our society, and how seriously we need to
consider them before we can take any progressive steps forward as a people.
In addition to the earlier points above, from a journalistic account, Dr. James Ciment
penned down in his classic Book, Examples of Americas Ugly Affairs With Slavery,
that America produced an illegitimate and abrasive child, named the Republic of Liberia, a
nation state with very twisted approaches and [thwarted] modus operandi (Note abrasive
here means arrogant, harsh, and showing no concerns for others, with the others here being
the Natives). True to Mr. Browns 1896 claims, and that of Dr. Ciment above, Liberia does
not take the heeds from education any seriously. All of the chronic problems this country
faces today, along with their lasting solutions sit right within the theories we encounter in
those beautiful courses we do within our school systems (i.e. the History, Accounting,
Economics, Management, Mathematics etc.) no matter how poorly they may be presented
in our Liberian School System. Another claim worth adding to those of Mr. Brown and Dr.
Ciment about Liberia is a caveat from another American Journalist Patrick J. ORouke,
which says, Those who dont know their history are probably also not doing well in their
English and Math. In all these, the major point is that we need, as a people, to first exert
more efforts at reading well, and then being sincere to apply every feasible theory to our
real world problems. If Liberia knew this secret, or if the country was encouraged to adopt
this culture about the true essence of education, then we would by now have discovered for
example, each of the following productive realities, owing to the academic disciplines that
have been available within our school systems, or that we have been exposed to, since the
1800s. So lets now look at each of the major courses Liberia has been exposed to in
general, beginning with the long-been around ones, then to those that were introduced in
the late 20th to the early 21st centuries. The essence of this section of the work is for us to
either prove or disprove the three separate, but equally key points raised by our American
counterparts, Mr. Hugh Brown (that we just memorize concepts and theories and refuse to
apply them), Dr. James Ciment (that we have a very twisted approach to things and
thwarted modus operandi as a people), and Mr. Patrick ORouke (that once we overlook
our history, we will never do well in the Economics, Political Science, Management or
Accounting etc. that we study):

24

I.

HISTORY

If Liberia knew that the essence of learning history in school was to help us account for the
past, in an effort to reshape our current and future destinies, then we would have by now,
made use of the following key historical facts as first step approach to changing our
country, instead of keep guessing all around for all these wasted centuries:
America is the first culprit for all the damage and despair that our country and people
continue to endure today. The justifications for this strong claim are so countless, but one
could begin with just the following basic, but overlooked points:
a) When subjects (or people in general) prove to be anti-social, unlawful, untamable,
unruly, indiscipline, dangerous to society etc. the best and only option left at the
disposal of human authorities and systems is to bring such subjects under control
through the application of natural disciplinary actions or other legal remedies, mainly
long-term imprisonment, or even capital punishment, depending on the gravity of
peoples unruliness, but not to identify a far away land, belonging to another set of
fellow human beings and dumping your proven threats and outcasts there. This is how
Mama America sadly damaged the Grain Coast, which they themselves again decided to
corruptly rename as Liberia. Nowhere in the history of mankind have proven criminals
or proven social pariahs ever built a stable and productive society. So why keep defying
God that this is possible, Mama America?
b) According to history, as the American Black population increased by the early to mid
1800s, some of these blacks (a race that the Southerners of America had intended to
maintain as their slaves even after slavery was officially abolished), became very
dangerous to the American society. The very South, where the idea of establishing the
American Colonization Society to help dump Black outcasts to Africa came from, had
four strong adjectives to describe subjects for their so-called ACS Repatriation exercise,
and these four strong adjectives were: promoters of mischief, criminally oriented,
morally
lax,
and
mentally
inferior
(www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Colonization_Society ). The number of these
hardcore Black criminals was now increasing and the impacts of their actions was now
shaking the very foundation of the American State that by the time of the establishment
and subsequent operations of the American Colonization Society, a few terrifying slave
rebellions like the Gabriel Prossers, the Nat Turners, the Denmark Vesseys etc.
Rebellions had shaken the core of American life. It is not secret that Americas
trepidation (extreme fear) of a slave insurgency like what happened in Haiti also hugely
influenced the ACS Project. ACS leaders and proponents (like James Monroe, James
Madison, Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, John Marshall, Elijah Scott Keys etc.)
were not only Southern slave owners and slaveholders who refused to manumit (free)
their slaves, but were also business people who decided to quickly take advantage of this
national emergency to rid America of these dangerous elements, but under the guise of

25

philanthropy (www.theperspective.org). The handling of this national emergency

became a huge debate across all of America that Congress herself got involved.
According to an April12, 1817 edition of the Niles Weekly Register, a 19th century
American periodical, a scanned copy of which is currently posted at
http://www.liberiapastandpresent.org, the American Congress, locked down in one of
their debate sessions on this issue, argued that the intended ACS colonization project in
Africa had a distinct character from the continuous extension of settlements, territories
and colonies by them, that laid the foundation of their territorial growth and expansion.
One of their legislative reports that threw more weight behind this argument read,..
Hence, it seems manifest that if these people (meaning, the unwanted Blacks), were
not (sent far off), the rapidly extending settlements of our White inhabitants would
soon reach them, and the evil (that we now feel) would be renewed; probably with
aggregated mischief
c) What else do we want to read or hear before using these pieces of evidence to stand our
ground for change, indigenous Grain Coasters? These earth-shattering revelations about
the true DNAs of Liberias so-called founding fathers, and the cruelty of their principals,
America, against us does not stop here. According to Wikipedia, this ACS scheme
against us, the Dolos, Wheagars, Gonkartees, Musas, and Worjlos of this country, was
so murky, that when President Abraham Lincoln (before becoming president though),
got to understand the sinister intent and the modus operandi of this so-called ACS Black
repatriation scheme, he denounced the enterprise and described it as immoral. For the
20+ years of the ACS repatriation exercise, they had systematically rounded up, based
on the four dangerous adjectives above, bout 13,000 out of a swelling Black population
of 4 million in the US by then enough to raise suspension in substantiation of these
claims. America was also embarrassed with this select Black population that she had to
approve of the broad day armed robbery applied by Captain Robertfied Stockton of the
USS Alligator Warship, to get the piece of land, Cape Mesurado, from our ethnic
African forefathers in 1821, just to dump these people, as they could never afford
carrying them back, despite the fact that all honest efforts at acquiring land to dump
them were failing and they were dying of malaria and other stuffs (Liberian History Up
to 1847, www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Colonization_Society.
We mention all this about the first major culprit, America, the second major culprit though
is the Americo-Liberians or in our local parlance, the Congoes, then the third but
conditional culprit, is the internal oppression of the few exposed indigenous ethnic
Africans. However, we are not going to delve more into these last two explicitly here, but
the rest of this literature will bring out the true picture.
II.

RELIGION/RELIGIOUS EDUCATION/THEOLOGY

The next body of knowledge Liberians got exposed to from the very onset of the nation,
both Americo-Liberians, and then later their few Native subjects, is what has been codified

26

as Religious Education or Theology. Before being taught as a course at the very opening of
the Liberia College in 1863, Religion/Theology was been taught in so-called colonial
schools as early as the 1830s. Lets put Mr. Hugh Browns, Dr. Ciments and Mr.
ORoukes points into perspective again with respect to how Religious Education has been
used to impact this old, dull country since then:
In the national context, lets focus on the circumstances that culminated into the
establishment of the Liberian State, as it has been well explained in our History session
above remember all these courses fall under the humanities. Before the coming of the
American bad guys, the so-called pioneers, in the early 1800s, other historical accounts
have it that followers of the Islamic Faith had already settled on the Grain Coast for years.
But even if these accounts turn out false, and it is established that followers of the Islamic
Faith came in afterwards, it still doesnt put up any good defense against the arguments that
we are proffering here. A strong Muslim, who understands his stewardship (Khalifa)
assignment from God well than the devil understands his part of mission, would have by
now, fought to understand the truth behind the founding of his country, Liberia, and would
have exerted by now every effort at smoothening out the anomalies surrounding Liberias
establishment and subsequent existence as a nation state. That effort will nevertheless start
with how America got the founding fathers of the state to Africa in the first place because
any foundation built upon cruel and murky motives and falsehoods will ultimately fail
according to Allah in the Quran. In this vein, since this whole idea of establishing Liberia
centered around the ostracizing or banishment of an indiscipline, criminal and rebellious
sample of the American population, the Muslims argument against America in an effort to
right the wrongs would have emphasized points like these, which by now, would have
positively impacted this enduring embarrassment:
As we said earlier, the first and only legal response to lawless subjects or peoples
and their actions is Discipline, Discipline and Discipline, and not to drive them off,
as doing so will even damage their souls, and create even more problems ahead,
from a religious perspective. Imam Mohammed Balanonleat, in a speech he
delivered at the Islamic Center in North Carolina in June 2009 stressed inter-alia the
below important points. In fact, he titled the speech, Islam is the Dean of
Discipline, in which he continued:
i.
ii.

The regulation of mans conduct within ones system of life is one of the most
important reasons [or sources] of success and stability
The absence of this regulation is one of the greatest crises that man suffers in life,
and this absence of regulation happens when man is left without guidance (as
America decided to leave her Black trouble makers) from Allah (SWT), or without
proper upbringing based on that divine guidance. Under these circumstances, mans
life becomes miserable on this Earth, and he will be among the losers in the
Hereafter (like the case of Liberia now)

27

A true Muslim will also take into keen consideration the unconditional necessity of a
clean and solid foundation for anything, let alone a whole nation. The Quranic backing
of this grave reality comes from Surat 9:109, as translated by Islamic Scholar or Cleric,
Moshin Khan, which says, Is it then he, who laid the foundation of his building on piety
to Allah and His good pleasures, better, or he who laid the foundation of his building on
an undermined brink of a precipice, ready to crumble down, so that it crumbled to
pieces with him into the fire of Hell. And Allah guides not the people who are zalimun
(cruel, violent, proud, wrongdoers etc.).
From all indications, a nation overlooking these kinds of religious caveats will end up
swirling around in an endless vicious cycle of misery, grief, poverty, instability, health
plagues etc. for the rest of its existence on this planet. For the true Word of God, no
matter which book it comes from never lies.
From the Christianic context, true, and concerned followers of Christ in this country would
have by now put these arguments squarely at the feet of America in search of lasting
solutions to the predicament this old country keeps finding itself in:
Since the dream about Liberia started with Americas worries about how to handle a group
of rebellious children, the mirror of correction for this situation should have ever since
started focusing its lens on Bible verses like:
o Proverbs 22: 15, which says, Foolishness is bound up in the heart of the child, the rod
of correction will drive it far from him.
o Proverbs 29:15 The rod and reproof give wisdom, but a child left by himself [like the
idea of dumping so-called freed slaves on the West African Coast to fend for
themselves, and in the process, to mischievously rule other peoples destinies forever
with your unqualified support] bringeth his mother to shame.
o Then ultimately, Proverbs 23:13 hammers it by saying, Withhold not correction from
the child: for if thou beatest him with the rod, he shall not die. Thou shall beat him with
the rod, and shall deliver his soul from hell.
Concerned about the immense and eternal impact that a foundation has on any
establishment or entity, true Christians of this country should have by now leverage the
principles put forth by Jesus Christ in Luke 6:46-49 .(48) He is like a man who, in
building his house, dug deep and laid the foundation on a rock. The river overflowed and
hit that house, but could not shake it because it was well built. (49) But anyone who hears
My words and does not obey them is like a man who built his house without laying a
foundation [meaning a solid foundation]; when the flood hit that house, it fell at once and
what a terrible crash that was.
Even in the social and philosophical spheres, the concepts of discipline and solid foundation
are accorded strong significance. For example, Jim Rohn says, We all must suffer one of
two things: the pain of discipline or the pain of regret and disappointment. Still on another

28

side of discipline, Elizabeth Fry says, Punishment is not for revenge but to lessen crime
and to reform the criminal.
Concerning foundation, Zig Ziglar says, The foundation stones for a balanced success are
honesty, character, integrity, faith, love and loyalty all of which were missing in both the
founders of Liberia and their collaborators.
But even more interestingly as we move on, since the few enlightened inhabitants of this
country, especially those who represent the over 95% indigenous African population of this
place, and are not part of the mischief making American Social pariahs class, have decided
to blatantly ignore history and to lead a life of sincere ignorance and conscious stupidity (as
Martin Luther King, Jr. once described similar situation before), P. J. ORoukes historical
arguments are gaining serious grounds as Liberia continues to make no headways in any
positive area of life because of her disdain for history.
Lets now look at other areas that the Liberian Educational system has heavily focused on.
Because of the inherent mental laziness of the founders of the country, education, through
all the ages of Liberias existence, has been hugely arts focused and academically driven to
the sad neglect of Mathematics and the practical Natural Sciences. The Liberian Education
System has prioritized studies in the humanities for more than one and a half centuries now,
with a little bit of General Science and Business being introduced since the mid to late
1900s. So lets look at how practical has the country been in the application of concepts
from Political Science, Law, and Sociology, Liberias original strongholds in the
humanities, then its later business strongholds of Accounting, Economics, Management,
and Statistics. Public Administration is inclusive in other deliberations ahead. We have
chosen these courses here because of the outstanding impacts their theories have on nation
building, among the other courses commonly offered in the Liberian Learning System.
III.

POLITICAL SCIENCE

According to the Book, A Short History of the First Liberian Republic, the System of
Education in Liberia had been designed to produce politicians, lawyers, preachers,
philosophers etc. and not vocational and technical professionals. In line with this plan, when
the University of Liberia opened its doors in 1863, courses offered included Political
Science, Theology, Law, English, Arabic, Moral Philosophy, Intellectual Philosophy etc.
with Political Science being the godfather of academic courses and the theme of all
learning in Liberia. Political Science has been the number one priority because the founders
of Liberia have always looked down upon any forms of manual and blue collar labor, with
the belief that these were reserved for lower class citizens. In fact, the only industry this
country has known since its establishment in 1822 is government. We herewith delve into
our discussions of Political Science. From Wikipedias dictionary, Political Science is a
social discipline that deals with systems of government and the analysis of political
activities and behaviors. It deals extensively with the theories and practices of politics,
political systems, political behaviors, and political cultures. In solving societal problems,

29

political science uses many different methods or theories including positivism,

interpretivism, rational choice theory, behavioralism, structuralism, post structuralism,
realism, insitutionalism and pluralism etc. I care to touch a little bit on each of these
theories and concepts so that at least an average person reading this document can be armed
enough to figure out which of these theories are at least being put into practice by dull, old
Liberia, which boasts so much of being into politics and political science.
Positivism simply means, those data we receive and verify with our senses, or those
facts that we can physically establish, combined with common sense and logic, are the
main sources of authoritative knowledge
Interpretivism in its simplest terms means understanding and interpreting the meaning
of actions and behaviors by putting yourself in the shoes of those who are effecting
these actions and behaviors etc.
Rational Choice Theory simply means, understanding that peoples actions and
behaviors are mainly influenced by their natural desires to want more rather than less of
something they consider to be good.
Commonly put, Behavioralism argues that the actions of institutions that make up a
political system are mainly judged by first examining the intent and orientations of the
individuals who make up these institutions, and yea, the political system
Structuralism in its elementary sense means that political science believes human
culture, or culture in general, is only possible through individual persons relationships
to a larger system. This web of different relationships is what forms a structure. So
political science seeks to discover structures underneath all of the things that human
beings in society do, think, perceive and feel etc.
Realism is a concept that argues that truth is determined by what the human mind
understands as reality etc.
These and many more political theories were meant by the framers of this body of
knowledge to be practically considered in our quest to find political solutions to societal
problems and not for self-enrichment, mere information or entertainment. But even more
interesting is the fact that the main practice, or implement of political science, called
politics, which is the so-called lifeblood of Liberia, can be defined as an organized control
over a community of people, or a state. Greece, from where the idea originates, describes
politics as a science of citizens; or a science relating to citizens. According to the Greeks,
all persons, whatever their occupations and tasks, are supposed to be involved with some
form of political life, and the reason for this is to develop a much nobler, stronger, and
virtuous public community. So politics is more than regulating and ordering the affairs of
the community, but also a medium for ordering the individual lives internal and external
of all citizens.

30

The big question then becomes, what tool does politics use to accomplish this huge
responsibility, and the answer to this question is Civics. This is the single most important
tool that political science and Politics use to both order the lives of individuals and to order
the affairs of society. Lets examine a couple of facts and arguments made by prominent
politicians and Civic actors concerning the all-important nature of Civics and Civic
Education to the health of any society, especially any democracy:
a. The founding fathers of the United States of America (George Washington, Thomas
Jefferson, James Madison etc.) had the strong belief that republics generally collapse
due to the sad lack of civic virtues. For this reason, they created a structure that would
demand more of citizens, but at the same time grant citizens more rights, more respect,
and more opportunities to help them meet up with national or societal demands
(Federalist 23, Alexander Hamilton). So virtually, all the founders of America advocated
greater attention to civic education. For any true democracy and civilized society for that
matter (unlike very dull and uncivilized Liberia), Civic Education is not just limited to
schooling, or the formal education of children and youths alone. Instead, families,
governments, religions, the mass media etc. are all involved in some form of Civic
Education programs, and the process of Civic Education is not punctuated, but an
ongoing, lifelong process (Sherrod, Torney Purta & Flanagan, 2010).
b. According to John S. Mill, the qualities facilitated by good civic education include
industry, integrity, justice and prudence; and the inherent qualities or virtues within
individuals can consist of enterprise, courage and other mental activities. The qualities
derived from good civic education are those referred to as citizenship qualities. So,
according to Mill, progress is possible or encouraged in a society when mechanisms or
incentives exist that merge citizenship qualities with personal/inherent, or persons
qualities or virtues. Mill argued that good government depended on the qualities of the
human beings that comprise it. He said good government is a two way street, meaning, it
depends on the intelligence and virtues of the human beings comprising the society,
while at the same time government must promote and ensure that virtue and intelligence
are developed within members of the community. According to him, the measure of the
quality of any political institution is how far it tends to foster in the members of the
community the various desirable qualities of being moral, intellectual and active. Mill
further expounded that a strong system of civic education will help fight the negative
consequences of what is referred to in politics as the Tyranny of an Ignorant Majority
a tyranny being enjoyed perpetually by Liberian politicians. Along with a fellow civic
educator called de Tocquerville, Mill sounded a caveat that in a society of an ignorant
majority, wherein the agents (the leaders themselves), or those who choose the agents
(the electorates or the principals), and the onlookers (apparently the religious groupings
and civil society community etc., whose opinions ought to influence and check the
health of society), are all a mass of ignorant and [consciously stupid people], then of
course every operation of government, and the society will go wrong. Is this not
Liberias current fate? Think about it, fellow compatriots.

31

Today, a country whose bedrock and lifeblood of society has for more than a century and a
half professedly been politics, ironically works with a terribly flawed and perverse organic
law, its constitution, and the first major and effective tool to use in implementing all the
beautiful theories of politics, Civics, has never been able to reach, for knowledge and
consumption, to even 1% of the citizenry.
IV.

LAW

This is the second masterpiece of the Liberian Educational System. According to Plato, law
is a social control. Blackstone said, law is a set of rules specifying what is right and what is
wrong. But all the different scholars and practitioners of law agree that all laws are intended
to be a search for justice; meaning that all laws hang on the concept of justice. So before
moving forward, lets look at justice in a bit of detail so that we can either again, refute or
concur with the arguments of Dr. Ciment, Mssrs. Brown and ORouke.
From a certain dictionary, the word justice has 3 basic or layman definitions as follows: (a)
the right action taken, or treatment given to another person, or to oneself. (b) the carrying
out (execution or dispensation) of the law; and (c) the quality or extent of being fair or just,
or right in ones dealings. Justice is a concept of moral rightness (or righteousness) based
on ethics, rationality, man-made law, natural law, religion, equity and fairness. From the
three basic definitions above, the Roman goddess of Justice (commonly called Lady
Justice) depicts justice as equipped with three symbols: (a) a sword, symbolizing the courts
coercive power, (b) a human scale, weighing competing claims in each hand or arm, and (c)
a blindfold, indicating impartiality.
With that said, we come back to the issue of law. Liberia chose a system of government
called a Democracy. One theory that heavily influences Democracy is called the Doctrine of
the Separation of Powers. When the French man, Baron Montesquieu popularized this
theory in his 1748 book, The Spirit of the Law, he argued, which became universally
accepted, that if liberty and freedom are to be maintained, then the three branches of
government in a democracy must be separated and entrusted to different people. In these
separate allocations of tasks, the responsibility of making laws is placed exclusively with
the Legislative Branch, while the Judiciary, an even more independent branch, has the
power to interpret the law, act upon it, and to decide the constitutionality of the laws passed
by the Legislature; and the Executive is just the implementing arm of government. All this
means that those with strong law background have a strong grip on government, as they
control the Legislature and the Judiciary. Montesquieu advocated, which was also
universally accepted again, a System of Checks and Balances so that each government
branch is given a certain hold over the other in almost every instance of handling state
issues.
This System of Checks & Balances requires the completely legal/law people, the
Judiciary, to review all actions of the Executive Branch of government and to also review
all the laws made by the Legislature to determine whether or not all of these laws, plus the

32

actions of the Legislature and the Executive are constitutional. This extra huge assignment
for the Judiciary, or Judicial Branch, arising from the System of Checks and Balances
translates into a separate theory exclusively for the law people, referred to as the Doctrine
of Judicial Review. This doctrine, which lies at the heart of the Concept of the Separation of
Powers has made the law people, also called the Judiciary, or the Courts, to be the general
overseers of the government and by extension the society. Liberia started training these
kinds of professionals at the higher educational level since 1863, although they had been
doing legal jobs since 1822.
In this same country, sadly though, there is no educational requirement, let alone any legal
educational requirement to enter the lawmaking branch of government, the Legislature. In
fact, according to historical sources, by 1945, certain segments of society were required to
pay regular $100 per annum or so in order to be represented in the National Legislature,
meaning, up to the age of Tubman, representation was for sale. Today, the price for
representation is no more the $100 but to waive all your civic rights by electing officials
who turn their backs to you until the close of their tenure before coming back to solicit
votes again for reelection. For the Judiciary, the overseers of society, whose workers had
started being trained formally since 1863 at the higher level, there is no substantial
historical account yet of a case in point wherein they brought the Executive or the
Legislature to book or held their feet to the fire for anything.
[The extent of the able manner in which the products of our law institutions have been
performing, or the splendor with which we have been using the concepts of laws in this
country thus far can be credited for the stable level of peace and stability we enjoy today.]
Liberia, according to reliable sources, has since its establishment to date, gone through 18
recorded bloody crises, including 13 full-scale communal and civil wars, four coup detats,
and one major national riot all of which have cumulatively consumed over 30 years of the
countrys time, let alone other valuable resources, including precious human lives. During
the period 1990 to 2003 alone, Liberia used hundreds of millions of US dollars of both
minimal nationally and largely internationally contributed funds to convene up to 21
different peace accords and national conferences in search of peace and reconciliation all
because we have probably been making good laws and implementing them so fairly. Taking
into account some of the financial losses that come with these conflicts, like for instance,
considering just the last of Liberias 18 recorded bloody crises, the 1989 civil war, whose
structures and arrangements are still in place to date, 2017, an unofficial tally of both
monies being lost (minimally) by the Liberian state and those being contributed by the
international community in search of peace, stability and reconciliation in Liberia now
surpass US$40 billion, in a nation that since its establishment has never been able to collect
annual revenues that will reach a convincing $400 million. And the very sad thing
continues to be that, unfortunately, the peace and reconciliation, which are sucking all these
resources, are still far-fetched and very illusive for Liberia. Liberia is meanwhile still
teaching law, and putting out hundreds of law school graduates every year, and making new

33

laws in its Legislature (that comprises sometimes kindergarten-qualified to 2nd gradequalified lawmakers ) every year.
The last assessment made by the US State Department (one of the most objective
institutions that assess Liberian systems) of the Liberian Law sector had the following to
say in its introductory statement, ..The most serious human rights abuses were those tied
to the lack of justice; judicial inefficiency and corruption; lengthy pretrial detention; denial
of due process; and harsh prison conditions Other important human rights abuses
include police abuse, harassment, and intimidation of detainees and others; arbitrary
arrests and detention; official corruption; human trafficking; racial and ethnic
discrimination..
Two damaging points almost every assessment of the Liberian Justice or Law Sector by the
US State Department has maintained are that (a) the Liberian Judicial System lacks
independence; it is corrupt, and very slow in functioning, the reasons being that judges are
subject to political, family, and financial pressures, and (b) that law is not applied evenly
across the board with citizens in Liberia. To close on laws here, Martin Luther King Jr.
says, Law and order exist for the purpose of establishing justice, [but] when they fail in
this purpose, they become the dangerous structured dams that block the flow of [all] social
progress.
V.

SOCIOLOGY

This is one area in the humanities that Liberia has had interest in for some time now. An
online dictionary defines sociology as the academic study of social behavior, its origins, its
development, and then the social organizations and institutions within a society. It is a
social science that uses various methods of empirical investigations and critical analysis to
develop a body of knowledge about social order and social change. Subject matters in
Sociology range from micro (small) level of individual agency to the macro (big) level of
systems and social structure. Social research informs politicians and policy makers,
educators, planners, lawmakers, administrators, developers, business magnates, managers,
social workers, NGOs, NPOs, and people interested in resolving social issues in general.
Before we can put all this into the perspective of how Liberia is making practical use of
Sociology to solve its problems, lets look at the definition of social behavior, a
phenomenon that sociology heavily depends on. This is the behavior or series of
interactions taking place between members of the same species, especially within the same
community.
With this clarified, we now get into the substantives. There is an allegory in Liberia that
says, There are three kinds of people on Earth the Whiteman, the Blackman, and the
Liberianman. This statement painfully ridicules the incredibly negative strangeness of the
Liberian Social behavior. Whether this has now caught the attention of the many degree
holders Liberia has in Sociology for them to launch an investigation into this negative

34

characterization of mama country in an effort to find ways of disabusing the minds of

people of such notion about their country is a whole different conversation.
But nationalistic and civic minded sociologists whose only concern in life may not only
have been how to find some job, build a three bedroom-house, and get one Nissan
Pathfinder Jeep to be finished with life, would have by now established through empirical
investigation and social research, which is their area, that the following negative social
facts, among many more, seriously exist in our country, and that until they are tackled head
on, that NASTY characterization above, will keep living with us until God comes back:
a) Liberia is so negatively strange because this probably is the only country on Earth
whose founders are exclusively criminals, both according to history and then according
to current events. There are some criminals that do have some appreciable level of
productiveness in them. To add insult to our situation though, Liberias part of criminal
founders and their descendants are very unproductive, uncivilized, lazy etc. and they
only thing they seek for in life predominantly is political power, power and power, a
medium they have used to successfully inculcate their very negative culture into the rest
of the society through such mechanisms like chain effect/reaction, ripple effects, trickledown effects etc. a reality that has now placed the society into a very huge hell of
mess. The task of rolling back this almost 200 years of entrenched criminal influence
from society is the most arduous and gigantic endeavor and struggle that this entire
world must now form part of in order to rid the world of chronic dependency, liability
and many other forms of threats. And the mess has become so huge and seemingly
insurmountable because we have always been in the business of postponing this task for
fear of the level of danger, discomfort, and complications attached to it. To us,
American Businessman Charles E. Wilson says, Putting off an easy thing makes it
hard, and putting off a hard thing makes it impossible. I am sure men and women, from
all spheres of live, especially religion, would not want to get so embarrassed before our
greatest Judge, the God Almighty, when we face Him to answer questions about what
we did to change the NASTY state of our country.
b) Because of the nature of people that founded Liberia, the countrys foundation was built
on the most treacherous and dangerous of principles and pillars. For example, Liberia
was built on the pillar of Ethnocentrism a very negative practice which has been, and
continues to influence all of the major courses of events in this country since 1822.
Ethnocentrism is a belief in the superiority of ones own ethnic group. It looks at how a
particular group of people look at themselves especially in the context of their
perceived high value and significance as compared to all others; and this is
demonstrated through their common or collective behavior. Members of a group are
considered ethnocentric when they develop an exclusive pride for their group through
some inward feelings. Just to give you a gist of how Liberias founding fathers started
with ethnocentrism and have been able to sustain it all through to this point, get these
facts out of countless:

35

According to the book, Liberian History Up to 1847, when the so-called pioneers arrived
on the Grain Coast (Liberias true name) in the early 1820s, they met on ground 16
indigenous Ethnic groups, some of which had inhabited this land for up to 7 centuries. In
their quest to acquire land to settle or expand, the pioneers pretentiously, as usual,
considered Ethnic Africans human beings worth talking to. Even in cases of language
mismatch or barriers, history has it that the Black Americans or so-called pioneers hired
interpreters, especially during the initial years of interactions, to facilitate communications
between them and our indigenous forefathers. Communications started improving between
the pioneers and the indigenous community gradually to the extent that, it is told, one of
Liberias Colonial Governors, Joseph Mechlin began actively interacting with the ethnic
Africans, even to the point of drinking together or selling liquor to them. But 25 years on,
when the so-called pioneers got ready to make arrangements for the setup of their new
nation, the 16 African Ethnic communities they had just been trying to interact with bit by
bit in 25 years, even to the point of exchanging or drinking liquor with, now turned into
sub-humans, savages, wild beasts and so on, not worthy of being admitted into citizenship.
They, our tribal forefathers were completely left out of the National Constitutional
Convention, at which the decision for independence was made. In fact, in other historical
accounts, the Black American pariahs started making it appear as if these wild beasts
were not even available when Elizabeth the Mayflower dumped them around in the early
1820s. For instance, according to Jo M. Sullivan of the Cambridge Public Schools in
Massachusetts, while reviewing Catherine Reefs book on the settlement of the pioneers on
the Grain Coast, he lamented how the pioneers used such phrases as building a nation in
the wilderness, surviving in the wilderness etc. He said in Reefs introduction, in her
description of the region (the Grain Coast), even animals are not noted or recognized, let
alone the mention of a local people. According Sullivan, the failure by the pioneers to even
take note that human beings were around became so pronounced and abrasive that one new
comer or visitor was shocked, and they made the following comments, I wonder to think
that a people who themselves have but just been redeemed from fetters (shackles, bondage
etc) should look with an evil eye, upon the freedom of others.
This cruel failure of according human recognition to the indigenous people, our proud
forefathers, as we mentioned above manifested itself when 11 persons, forming a citizens
delegation and deciding the fate of our so-called new nation, sitting at a fake Constitutional
Convention held from June to July 1847 comprised only members of one (the illegitimate
one for that matter) of Grain Coasts 17 ethnic groups at the time blatantly neglecting the
interest of the balance 16. When they concluded their one month convention (all, under the
guidance of Harvard Law School Professor John Simon Greenleaf) and declared their
Mickey Mouse independence, the opening statement of the Declaration of Independence,
part of which also formed the preamble of their first constitution read as follows:..We the
people of the Republic of Liberia, were originally people of the United States of North
America In some parts of that country, we were debarred by law from all the rights and
privileges of men in other parts, public sentiment, more powerful than law, frowned on

36

us. We were everywhere shut out from all civic office. We were taxed without our consent.
We were compelled to contribute to the resources of a country, which gave us no
protection (A Short History of the First Liberian Republic, p.2)
A solid foundation of ethnocentrism and negative ethnicity had been explicitly laid and
approved by a so-called new nation right away, attested by America, through their agent,
Prof. John S. Greenleaf. According to other peoples sociological research, the mobilization
of ethnicity (negative one at that rate) as an instrument of political manipulation is enhanced
when there is a history, or a presence of discrimination and exclusive representation (as
demonstrated above) based on ethnic prejudice; or, when economic and ethnic based
inequalities are so acute and pronounced within a society. Liberian sociologists havent
discovered this yet. Ethnicity has influenced all of Liberias bloody conflicts to date.
According to A Short History of the First Liberian Republic, the last and bloodiest of
Liberias civil wars, which we pray to maintain so, the 1989 War, and all the wrongs
associated with it, could not have taken place if Liberia had been a democratic society,
meaning, simply, if the rights of all were respected. According to www.rupertsimons.org, a
Harvard School sociological survey conducted 2002 graded Liberia as the second most
ethnically diverse country on Earth after Uganda. Liberia was graded over largely ethnic
pluralist countries like Papua New Guinea, with over 800 ethnic groups and Nigeria with
over 200 ethnic groups etc.
Not to go into much of explanation, when we defined sociology above, we discovered that
it was an academic study of social behaviors, the origins of these behaviors and how they
develop over time. We also learnt that findings from social research projects were intended
to help policy makers, politicians and a myriad of other experts and decision makers make
sound and productive decisions. If P. J. ORoukes claim that once we neglect our history,
we will not do well in our sociology, for example, were false, then why by now, would the
people of this country not have established that, among others:
The extent of moral decadence in this country is beyond measure because the founders
of the nation state are described in history as morally lax
Liberia is a highly criminal state as always alluded to by integrity and human rights
institutions such as Transparency International, Global Witness, Human Rights Watch
etc. simply because history has long since played its role by informing us that the
masters or principals of those who established Liberia had described them as
criminally oriented.
Liberia, since it establishment, is always in the news for all of the most pitiful and earthshaking negative realities, including being a country highly recognized world-wide for
crimes, hunger, corruption etc. all because history has reliably told us that the founders
of the nation are expert mischief makers. Maybe the only accompanying fact social
researchers might have been trying to establish is that all of the havoc in this country are

37

being wreaked against members of the 16 ethnic communities, who ironically are the
original owners of the land.
The behaviors and approaches demonstrated by typical Liberians are predominantly
queer, incomprehensible, counterintuitive etc. and a lot more negative to the extent that
the world around us now wonders what sort of people we really are. But history has
explained the secret behind this painful reality long time ago, that the founders of
Liberia are mentally inferior.
Now, if sociologists were making use of the statement made once by Dr. Elwood Dun, that
history is just a conversation between the past and the present, and were making
recommendations to policy makers in the interest of past, current, and future generations,
Americo-Liberians, and their descendants would have by now been barred from every
sphere of life that wields considerable influence over society, most notably government and
the public sector, in an effort to combat this Sinking Sand we now find ourselves in, not
because we hate these pioneer descendants or that all of them actually possess the same
characteristics and traits, but because drastic times call only for drastic measures.
Its now time we test our three claims against a new set of knowledge area that Liberians
have been exposed to for few decades now, business, which also has huge potentials of
impacting our countrys problems so positively. Business knowledge and principles have
such huge impact on the performance of a national government because of the very strong
similarities between a state, as a single unit, and a business entity. While the running of
government takes on more responsibilities; uses many different approaches , and targets
many different objectives than that of running a business entity, the both areas have many
things in common for which a sound business education, knowledge and experience should
enable one for the optimal running of government. For example, here are a few of the
similarities between a government entity, or, government as an entity, and a business firm:
a) They both are entities
b) A business entity strives to create more wealth for its shareholder(s), while a
government strives to create more wealth for its shareholders (but its part of
shareholders, in this case, are its citizens)
c) Just as business entities require, and use the managerial functions of planning,
organizing, directing and controlling at every level, government requires, and uses these
managerial functions at every level as well. For instance, just as business entities
require, and work with such things as a mission, a vision, and a budget etc.
governmental institutions are also required to use these tools. Government, like business
entities, carries out strategic planning (defining strategic goals, vision, desired outcomes,
and initiatives)
d) Customer satisfaction is of strategic importance to both entities

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e) Internal efficiency (cost effectiveness etc.) and productivity are of major concerns to
both a business entity and a government. In this vein, a government establishes
standards, policies, and procedures just as a business is required to do same
f) Government defines performance assessment matrices; sets such things as targets,
schedules and the likes, just as business entities are required to do so
g) According to Christine Harbin, although a government will not run [exactly] as a
business, on a high level however, running government like a business is a good
principle. She said this is because government should be as efficient, accountable, and as
transparent as possible owing to the fact that taxpayers monies are at stake.
With that said, we now begin our business section with Economics.
VI.

ECONOMICS

Apart from our interest in ORoukes claims about history, and those made by Mr. Brown
and Dr. Ciment, Mr. Brown made these additional comments on Liberias economic culture
and outlook according to the perspective.org as follows: In Mr. Browns direct words,
..In my journey through Liberia I find a few iron implements used by civilized races, but
I find no remains of an iron foundry or factory; and, iron ore, though plentiful, rests
undisturbed. I find some manufactured cotton wares, but I find no remains of a cotton gin
or mill, and the cotton plant is only found in its wild state. I do not find one article
bearing the stamp of a Liberian manufacture.. This is an excerpt of Mr. Hugh Mason
Browns observation statement on Liberia way back in 1896.
We now begin our discussions on Economics with its definitions. Originally, Economics
was referred to as the science of home management; meaning, how to organize and manage
the limited resources of the household. Later, Economics transcended this traditional
meaning. The man widely described as the most prominent Economist of the 20th century,
Mr. John Maynard Keynes, defined Economics as a social science that deals with the
manner in which individuals and societies attempt to satisfy their unlimited and often
conflicting wants using resources, which are not only limited but also have alternative uses.
But in a nutshell, Economics today, primarily deals with the organization and management
of the resources of the state.
In its workings, Economics uses a couple of very key words, three of which are Resources,
Management and Development. Resources refers basically to land, labor and capital; and
capital here does not only refer to money, but also the man-made tools that are used to
increase the quantity of production; for example, tractors to increase rice production.
Management in the world of Economics refers to how you coordinate and take care of these
resources; while Development refers to changing from subsistence (hand-to-mouth) or
traditional production, to production of value for sale. It is through development that we
modernize and expand our economy. We of course need good entrepreneurial skills in order
to do all of this.

39

Remember in the definition above, John Keynes stressed the individual and societal wide
components of Economics, the both of which are very crucial and mutually inexclusive. So
lets now throw a little light on the individual aspect.
Political Science and Economics are complementing. This means that social and political
freedoms are meaningless unless they are complemented or underpinned by true economic
freedoms, and true economic freedoms include freedom to earn a living, freedom to
compete in business, freedom to compete for employment, freedom to own property,
freedom to buy and sell, and freedom to obtain equal pay for equal work etc. The right to
earn a living can only be attained when certain conditions and opportunities are in place,
like for example, equal access to education and employment opportunities, and equal
access to fair treatment under the law etc.
Taking both the individual and general economic interests into serious considerations, all
national authorities must face these five major questions as they prepare to put an economic
system into place to ably serve their citizens and the country at large, and these five
questions include:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

What goods and services are to be produced?

How much of these goods and services are to be produced
How should production be organized?
Who is to receive what output?
Will the economic system we choose be able to adapt to changing times?
(McConnel, Brue, Flynn Macroeconomics, 19th Edition).

But before we choose such system and generally put Economics to work, in responding to
these major questions, we must first define an organized Economic structure to suit our
situation and our environment. However, before choosing a suitable system, it is wise to
discover and understand different schools of economic thoughts, some, or all of which will
influence our choice of a suitable system. To this end, lets summarize the most common
Economic Schools of thought as follows:
(a)The Classical School of Thought it argues that markets or the economy works best
when it is left to fare alone, or all by itself, with very minimal government intervention. It
says markets should be left totally by themselves because price, or the price mechanism acts
as a powerful invisible hand to allocate resources to where they are best needed to be
employed. In terms of macro-economics or general level economics, the classical school of
thought assumes that the economy would always return to the full employment level of real
output through an automatic self-adjustment mechanism, also called the Laissez-faire
mechanism. This was regarded as the first economic school of thought and it owes to the
18th century Scottish Economist Adam Smith and a few British Economists that followed,
like Robert Malthus and David Richardo. Its arguments faded away by the 1870s. (b)The
New Classical Economic School of Thought it mainly argues that economic agents are
rational in their behavior; i.e. while consumers look to maximize the utility of what they

40

purchase, business entities look to maximize their profits, and so, it is these contrasting
objectives of utility maximization on the one hand, and profit maximization on the other
hand, that form the basis of the supply and demand theory. Another important contribution
of the New-Classicals was a focus on marginal values, such as marginal cost and marginal
utility. This school of economic thought owes to the works of William Jevons, Carl Menger
and Leon Walras. (c) The Neo Classical Economic School of Thought this school of
thought focused more on trying to link or strike a compromise between individual-level
economic concepts like rational behavior and rational expectations to general or societallevel economic problems. It owes to Chicago-based Economist Robert Lucas. (d)
Keynesian Economic School of Thought a school of economic thought that expresses
skepticism that if left alone, free markets will ever inevitably move towards full
employment equilibrium. In short, it holds that full employment (meaning every economic
actor functioning at their real potentials) and stable prices can best be achieved only in a
mixed economy an economy that accommodates both free markets and active government
controls. So Keynesian economists advocate an active interventionist economic approach.
It is largely the arguments from these different schools of economic thought and other
theories about how to adequately answer the five major economic questions above, that
have gone into the two main economic systems of today Socialism and Capitalism, which
are being practiced by almost all countries in different shades and mixes, depending on their
national preference and free will.
Before we get into some brief discussions of these two key economic systems, lets inform
you quickly that two other common forms, or to rightly put it, quassi forms of economic
systems existed before capitalism and socialism, and for the purpose of dull Liberia, the
subject we are studying here, which has absolutely refused to move with the times, we think
it is necessary to throw brief lights on the two somewhat obsolete economic systems
because readers might probably discover that our country is still practicing them in totality
or in some fragments. The two are the Traditional Economic System and the Feudal
System, or simply Feudalism. (a)The Traditional Economics, though more generic, refers
to a system wherein no basic change is made to any economic framework inherited from the
very distant past. In the case of our dull Liberia, it simply suggests that economically, life
still continues to be lived in the state of nature. For instance, a country is considered to still
be practicing traditional form of economics in this 21st century when though, it claims that
over 70% of its citizens live on Agriculture, but in reality, subsistence farming continuously
remains the order of the day, with people still using old stone age implements such as hoes,
cutlasses, axes etc. to make farms that turn out to put very little amounts of food a day on
their tables for about 3 to 4 months, out of a years whole 12 months. Moreover, in a
traditional economic system, the export industry is only made up of the extraction of raw
materials and their subsequent shipment in crude forms or in natural states with no value
addition ever. (b) Feudalism is an old economic system that structured society around
relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labor. Karl Marx
described it as the economic situation coming before the rise of capitalism.

41

With these two quick clarifications made, we now move on to the discussion of modern
days two major economic systems of Capitalism and Socialism, beginning here with the
older, Capitalism.
Capitalism, according to Wikipedia is an economic system in which trade, industry, and
the factors or means of production are controlled by private owners with the goal of making
profits in a market economy. Central characteristics include capital accumulation,
competitive markets, and wage labor. The degree of competition, the role of governments
intervention and regulation, and the scope of public ownership vary across different models
of capitalism. The different models of capitalism thus far are listed below:
(a)Mercantilism (the first form, 16th century) is a form of capitalism that intertwines
national business interest with imperialism by utilizing state apparatuses to advance
national business interests abroad. It holds that the wealth of a nation is advanced through a
positive balance of trade with other nations an idea called protectionism. This could be
compared with our current Liberia-America economic relationship. (b) Laissez-Faire
Capitalism this form allows the prices of goods and services to be set freely by the forces
of supply and demand, and allowing these prices to reach their equilibrium without
governments intervention. (c) Social Market Economy an economy that is a nominally
free market system whereby governments intervention in price formation is kept to a
minimum, but the state provides significant services in the areas of social security,
unemployment benefits, and the recognition of labor rights through national collective
bargaining arrangements. (d) Rhine Capitalism a contemporary model of the Social
Market Economy model. (e) State Capitalism this consists of state ownership of the
factors of production and the organization of state enterprises as commercial, profit-making
businesses. It is also called Welfare Capitalism. (f) Capitalist Mixed Economy this form
of capitalism consists of both private and public ownership of the means or factors of
production, and economic interventionism through macroeconomic policies intended to
correct market failures, reduce unemployment and keep inflation low. The degree of
intervention in markets varies among different countries. Some mixed economies, such as
France, under dirigisme, also feature a degree of indirect economic planning over a largely
capitalist based economy. Most capitalist economies, especially in the West are Mixed
Capitalist Economies. (g) Crony Capitalism a state of affairs in which insider corruption,
nepotism, and cartels dominate the system. In Marxian Economics, it is considered to be the
normal state of mature capitalism, but in the Anachro-Capitalist theory, it is a political
distortion of capitalism and the Free Market System. Prof. Aldo Musacchio of the Harvard
Business School emphasizes that the difference between the state capitalism today and
those of the past is that long gone are the days when governments [or presidents] appointed
bureaucrats to run state-owned enterprises or companies. He said that the worlds largest
state-owned enterprises are now being traded on public markets and kept in constant good
health by large institutional investors.

42

Socialism for its part is an economic system characterized by social ownership of the means
of production and a cooperative management of the economy. Social ownership may refer
to cooperative enterprises, common ownership, state ownership, citizens ownership of
equity, or any combination of these. Socialism is highly motivated or influenced by key
arguments and theories such as the below four:
a) Orthodox Marxism (an enhancement of Classical Marxism) the fundamental
argument here is that material development (advances in technology and the productive
forces) is the primary influence that affects changes in a society and human social
relations. It further argues that certain forms of social systems and their relations (eg.
Feudalism, Capitalism etc.) become increasingly contradictory and inefficient as the
productive forces of society advance, resulting in some form of social revolution in
response to mounting contradictions.
b) The Theory of Productive Forces this concept states that the strengthening of
societys productive forces (the combination of the means of labor [tools, machinery,
land, infrastructure etc] with human labor power [body, brain, knowledge, skill,
cooperation etc], effectively coordinated under good management and engineering
functions), is a precondition for the realization of socialism.
c) Mode of Production the relation between the social control function and the
productive capacity, also meaning, the way production is conducted or organized in a
society.
d) Historical Materialism a theory of socio-economic development according to which
changes in material conditions (eg technology and productive capacity) are the primary
factors which determine how society and the economy are organized.
Influenced by these and other philosophies, production under socialism is based primarily
on satisfying the economic demand and human needs of society rather than primarily on the
accumulation of capital and profits as under most forms of capitalism. The various shades
of socialism differ in the type of social ownership they advocate, the degree to which they
rely on markets or planning, how management is organized within the productive
institutions, and the role of the state in constructing the overall system. The revival of
Republicanism in the American Revolution of 1776 and the Egalitarian value introduced by
the French Revolution of 1789 gave rise to socialism as a distinct political movement,
making it an 18th century development. In the early 19th century, socialism referred to any
concern for the social problems of capitalism irrespective of the solutions to these problems.
However, by the late 19th century, socialism came to signify opposition to capitalism and
the advocacy for an alternative post capitalist system based on some form of social
ownership. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, all of Germany, two of the most prominent
brains in the world of Economics, applied a new scientific understanding of socialism as a
historically inevitable phase of economic development which will come about through
social revolution to resolve the conflicting class relationships of capitalism.

43

As a political movement, socialism, like capitalism, includes a diverse array of political

philosophies, some of which are in opposition to each other, and three of the most
outstanding ones include the following: (a) State Socialism a socialist political and
economic perspective advocating state ownership of the means of production either as a
temporary measure in a transition from capitalism to socialism, or as a characteristic of
socialism itself. (b) Libertarian Socialism sometimes called social anarchism, left
libertarianism or socialist libertarianism is a group of political philosophies that rejects
the view of socialism as a complete state ownership or command of the means of
production. It instead emphasizes workers self-management of the workplace and
decentralized structures of political government, asserting that a society based on freedom
and equality can only be achieved through abolishing authoritarian institutions that control
certain means of production and subordinate the majority to an owning class or political and
economic elite. (c) Democratic Socialism this is a political ideology that advocates a
democratic political system working alongside a socialist economic system very good for
the Plain Truth Revolutions envisaged new Liberia. (d) Communism although not
normally listed as a form of socialism, in the Marxist theory of historical materialism, it is
predicted that further advances in technology and in the productive forces of the economy
will give rise to a more advanced stage of economic development referred to as
communism, meaning a society in which classes and the state are no longer present, and
that there is abundant access to final goods; thus, making distribution of final goods and
services to be done on the basis of To each according to his needs.
Since socialism is the latter of the two major economic systems, political and economic
philosophers have had debates on how to transition an existing capitalist system to a
socialist one, and in this direction, two main methodologies or ideas have been advanced
possibilism and impossibilism, which can be described in different ways as you will see
below:
Possibilism a moderate form of socialist advocacy or political ideology that officially
pushes for the establishment of democratic socialism through reformist and gradualist
methods. They advocate for a more peaceful rather than a more radical or revolutionary
transition of the economy to socialism through a progressive social reform of capitalism.
Possibilists are simply socialists who want to help tackle the social ills of society
immediately through the introduction of practical programs that will be implemented by
existing institutions such as labor unions and electoral bodies. Possibilists are also called
political opportunists. Different ways of referring to this same rose include reformism,
gradualism, social democracy etc although there could be some slight divergences in the
presentations of their propositions.
Impossibilism a political ideology that argues that the pursuit of moderate or
gradualist reforms to existing capitalist systems to attain ultimate socialism should not
be a major concern to socialists, or, this should not be their best approach because these
steps are irrelevant, if not counterproductive to the goal of socialism. Impossibilism

44

insists that socialists should solely (or at least primarily) focus on structural changes or
revolutionary changes and not reforms, and that spontaneous revolutionary action or
social revolution is the only viable method of these necessary structural changes. In
short, impossibilism views that revolution is the only necessary precondition to
transition an economy from capitalism to socialism, and revolution here is not
necessarily defined as a violent insurrection, but instead, a seizure of political power by
mass movements of the working class so that the state is directly controlled by the
working class and not the capitalist class and its interests. Similarly as above, a
different way to refer to this same rose is revolutionary socialism.
Concluding our discussions on both systems, in the words of German political and
economic theorist, Albert Einstein, The economic anarchy of a capitalist society as it
exists today is the real source of the evil.. I am convinced there is [only] one way to
eliminate these grave evils; namely, through the establishment of socialist economies,
accompanied by educational systems which would be oriented towards social goals. In such
economies, the means of production are owned by society itself; and are utilized in a
planned fashion. A planned economy would guarantee a livelihood to every man, woman,
and child. The education of the individual, in addition to promoting his own innate abilities
would attempt to develop in him a sense of responsibility for his fellow men in place of the
glorification of power and individual success..
Proponents of capitalism argue that it creates more prosperity, and mainly benefits the
ordinary person, but critics disagree, and claim that capitalism instead promotes economic
instability by incapacitating government to provide for the wellbeing of all of its citizens.
On the other side of the coin, the fundamental objective of socialism, according to its
proponents, is to attain an advanced level of material production, and therefore greater
productivity, efficiency, and rationality, as compared to capitalism and all previous systems,
under the view that an expansion of human productive capability is the basis for the
extension of freedom and equality for all. They further argue that there are too many
struggles between class interests within capitalism and that the only way to resolve these
mounting class struggles and contradictions is by advancing into a completely social system
of production and distribution in which all persons have an equal relationship to the means
of production.
Conclusively, the Great United States of America and almost all Western democracies, very
conscious of the implications of each of these various economic arguments, did not adopt
any pure form of capitalism or socialism, but instead, interestingly and smartly constructed
a hybrid system of economics which incorporates the best of both worlds with respect to
capitalism and socialism.
If you follow all of the above well, you might discover that dull Liberia is dangling among
the cheapest and most unproductive mixes o these concepts; meaning, she is still engaged
with Traditional Economics; she has borrowed a little bit of Capitalist Mixed economy

45

ideologies, infused it into a largely Classical Laissez-Faire, and Crony Capitalism. What a
confused dull country that is absolutely headed for nowhere but ultimate grief and
destruction, if quick and radical moves are not made right away.
Lets close our section on Economics by highlighting some of confused Liberias many
dismal economic performances, though in very brief summaries:
Natural Resource Management Culture Through Concession Agreements Let it be
known here that Liberia, as a country, has never been engaged in any independent and
sustained large-scale business venture any time ever in her almost 200 years of existence
now. She instead gives out every worthwhile business activity or opportunity to foreigners
to run either directly or indirectly. Lets get a snapshot of some of the few major natural
resource concessions Liberia has been signing:
(a)The Monrovia Rubber Company in 1894, Liberia granted this British Company the
right to collect wild rubber in the country. Later, the company was given 2,000 acres of land
at Mount Barclay near Monrovia to plant rubber (A Short History of the first Liberian
Republic). At that time, the price of rubber was unofficially around $1.00 per pound, but the
government received $.08 in royalty per pound. Around 1900, according to
www.life.illinois.edu, as rubber began to be used in pneumatic tires, rubber prices rose up
to around $3.10. But Liberia still maintained her royalty of 8 cents.
(b) Firestone in 1926, Liberia signed a 99 year concession for 1 million acres of land at 6
cents per acre to cultivate what would later become the worlds largest plantation of rubber,
run by a billion dollar company owned by Mr. Harvey Firestone of the United States.
Firestone initially had exclusive rights upon the land selected to exploit other natural and
mineral resources, apart from planting rubber. The concession company was exempted from
all present and future taxes; it had the right to engage into logging; the right to displace any
number of tribal communities from their land without any compensation; the right to use the
Liberian army (Liberia Frontier Force, LFF) to forcibly recruit labor from the Ethnic
Liberian communities to plant and subsequently tap their rubber. At the signing of the
contract, the Liberian Government was to receive a land rental of $2,000 per annum for the
first year, and $6,000 per annum afterwards. There are credible accounts that out of this
whole 99 year deal, for almost half a century, Liberia did not receive even up to $7,000 in
physical cash ever, or even anything at all because all of the already negligible royalties and
fees coming in, year and after year, were being diverted to the installment payments of
some old, useless debts Liberia owed their business partner, Mr. Firestone. After a little
adjustment into the contractual terms, Firestone was now due to pay 1% tax on the gross
value of all rubber exported, but with the computation based on the closing price at the New
York
Rubber
Market
on
the
day
of
shipment
(http://alhajikromahpage.org/alhajifirestone.htm, In the Cause of the People.., A Short
History of the First Liberian Republic)

46

(c) The Bomi Hills and LAMCO Concessions in the 1945 Bomi Hills iron ore agreement,
Bethlehem Steel, an American Company, was given exclusive rights by the AmericoLiberian aristocratic criminals to extract minerals free of charge from a concession area of 3
million acres, in addition to their primary product, iron ore. The 80 year concession
agreement had no provisions for any physical development of the affected concessional
areas and Liberia received an encumbered (inclusive of other deductions like depletion fees)
royalty of 20 cents out of every ton of iron ore exported and reported at will by Bethlehem
Steel. At that time according to www.books.google.com..., iron ore cost at least $10 per ton.
Its very disheartening to note here that out of the 20 cents royalty given to Liberia,
deductions such as depletion fees (meaning as the ore was finishing from the deposit,
Liberia had to be paying some penalties in cash fines to the concession company) and other
deductions probably were made, which all means that our country had around 10 cents left
in royalty at the end of the day. Because this was a laugh all the way to the bank deal,
Bethlehem Steel (which they ostensibly called the Liberia Mining Company) exhausted all
the ore deposits quickly in 26 years, less than half of the concessional time, and closed the
mine. (A Short History of the First Liberian Republic; In the Cause of the People etc.)
The Liberia, American, Swedish Mining Company, called LAMCO for short, another
American-dominated company, signed a 70 year deal with the Liberian Government for the
exploitation of ore from a 250 million ton deposit of high grade iron ore in Mount Nimba,
North Eastern Liberia in 1955. This time around, instead of an encumbered 20 cents on
each ton, Liberia was entitled to an encumbered 16 cents on every dollar reported by
LAMCO at will. Liberia became Africas largest, and the worlds third largest exporter of
crude iron ore as usual by1967 as a result of LAMCOs massive extraction operations, with
the company earning billions from Liberia per year. (Idem). To date however, even the road
that leads to the main concession town or plant is not paved.
(d) The Oil Sector Because of the criminal complexity of deals in this sector, we are just
going to treat it in summary as a single entity, although in terms of separate agreements, it
should be 14 different oil contracts as the country has now sold or resold up to 14 oil
blocks. During the Ebola crisis, Liberia reportedly sold or resold four of her oil blocks, even
though the government has only been definite about one, Block 16. In a November 21, 2014
story, the Daily Observer reported that, in the ensuing fiscal years budget, which was about
to be approved, government was set to collect US$25 million for signature bonus from the
sale of oil blocks 6,7,16, and 17. Later news came out that the president vetoed this bonus
another scam talk not strange to this society anymore. A short time afterwards, according to
the Insight Newspaper, former National Oil Company boss, Mr. Christopher Neyor claimed
that the Government of Liberia had clandestinely sold four oil blocks in the name of
urgently raising money to fight Ebola. In the direct words of Mr. Neyor, It is a pity that not
only were these oil blocks sold in the midst of the Ebola pandemic, and against the
opposition of a cross section of the citizenry, but the entire sale process was illegal. He
said, having a strong belief that some stealing is being perpetrated against the state, he will
be forwarding the information at his disposal to the LACC for opening a full investigation

47

into the hurried and unwise sale of these oil blocks. Meanwhile, Madam Sirleaf, according
to this same newspaper was categorical about the four oil blocks in question when she
among other things briefed the House of Representatives about a bid round that was
executed [in a foreign land] for the sale of these four blocks, also adding, I required that
the bid round be conducted quickly and within a short time frame..
For the first 10 oil blocks that went on sale before these controversial last four, it is
established from available and reliable sources that Liberia has a 3% average share in
terms of equity; absolutely no assurance of citizens participation in terms of buying share
in the oil companies when they start drilling, and when it comes to royalties, Liberia will
accumulatively be receiving 0.083% out of the total required 18% mandatory royalty by
available law. The nationalistic thing about all this 14 oil block sales issue, is that in the
midst of these, Liberia does not have a single company that imports finished petroleum
products for sale, let alone one that does elementary refining. The so-called oil refinery
Liberia claims she has is another scam, as it is a mere storage facility for mainly Lebanese
and a very few Liberian businessmen.
(e) Even for the purpose of planting palm nut, and in fact any crop for that matter,
Liberias hands are too clean to be used in the soil, so it must give out every concession to
foreign capitalists. In a Student Unification Partys (University of Liberia) October 24, 2014
press release published at www.theperspective.org, the student leadership, citing a reliable
authoritative source claimed that the current government has sold up to 57.5% or 5.6
million hectares of the nations arable land through concessions. Some of these sales, of
course, include 220,000 ha, spanning 3 counties to a Malaysian business for 63 years to
plant oil palm, reportedly at $ 5 per acre; huge portions of land, spanning more than one
county to another foreign company, Golden Veroleum of Indonesia, and many more.
Meanwhile the current government is headed by a World Bank Economist and a graduate of
the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.
(e) Loan Management-Although there are credible accounts that Liberia started contracting
loans as early as before 1864, for the sake of brevity, we just want to throw light on four of
its major loans here, plus a little analysis of the 21st century picture with respect to loans.
Before we proceed however, lets give you this quick information. According to Prof. Tuan
Wlehs book, In The Cause Of The People, when the Black American Immigrants and
founders of Liberia, landed on this soil, they had to struggle to cope with the new
environment, but sadly this struggle was conducted with their usual scattershot approach
(wild guessing in doing everything, as they continue to do today), as these people were
poor, illiterate, lacked all useful skills [and of course as weve established all through this
literature, were predominantly criminals, painful to mention this repeatedly]. So to get hold
of situations in their new criminally found home, the settlers established two institutions of
economics a plantation agriculture system and a commercial trading system with all of
these backed by forcibly extorting from the indigenous people in the name of taxes, though.

48

Their farms, in the first economic system above, were worked by a form of slave labor also
extracted from among the indigenous population. The commercial trading was similarly
characterized and sustained by cheap acquisition of products from the interior population
of, again the indigenous people, and these products were exported by the so-called pioneers
for handsome profits. For the first 20 years or so, these two economic strategies brought
some sort of economic sustenance to the settlers. But by the end of the 1860s, this period of
economic sustenance came to an end for these American outcasts. Some of the reasons was
that the Europeans, with whom the settlers did business, began to put restrictions on the
goods they were importing from Liberia because these goods now competed with items
being produced at home (Europe etc.) These goods included palm oil, piassava, wild rubber,
ivory and coffee, including sugar cane. But for example, when the Europeans started
making beet sugar, Liberian sugar was knocked out; the Portuguese came and took coffee
pods to Brazil for mass production, Liberias coffee was knocked out etc. When the
economic strength of the settlers got terribly weakened as a result of these and other poor
domestic economic reasons, everyone else turned to government and politics. The situation
became so bad starting from the late 1860s that Monrovia turned into a one-industry town
and this industry was government, according to Prof. Wleh. So pretty soon, the government
found that it could no longer pay its subjects adequately and regularly. To overcome this
ever mounting problem, Liberia adopted two twisted economic approaches again, one of
which is borrowing money from outside to pay its workers. Welcome to our short
borrowing and other financial analyses of dull and dead Liberia.
(i)The Loan of 1871 According to the book, A Short History of The First Liberian
Republic, Liberia contracted a $500,000 loan from a British firm in 1871.The arrangement
was concluded by president Edward J. Roye, assisted by his Secretary of State, Hilary R.
W. Johnson, Liberias Consular General to London, David Chinery, and one of Royes
officials only referred to as Anderson, who was the main mission man that handled the
actual cash. It is reported that Mr. Anderson fled with an unspecified amount of this money
to an unknown location and only $135,000 of it reached Liberia, and the handling of this
$135,000 was so controversial that there is no account of how the country benefited from it.
The conclusion of this long story was that Liberia now owed a 35 year loan of $500,000,
plus its annually compounded interest. As the case has always been, and even up to date
continues to be, Liberia never paid a cent of this money back.
(ii) Before 1906, Liberia applied for a new $500,000 loan from another British firm,
Erlanger & Company. One of the major intents of this new loan was to be able to pay back
some of the failed 1871 money, while also paying attention to a terribly collapsing Liberian
economy. Because Liberias back was so much turned to the wall economically, as it is
always the case, President Barclay, who started negotiating for the loan immediately upon
taking office in 1904, made so many ignominious concessions both at the home and foreign
fronts. One of those unimaginable concessions was the granting of unconditional citizenship
to the 16 indigenous Ethnic groups across the board because Britain had vowed that if
Liberia didnt improve on her treatment of the tribal or interior people, no such loan would

49

be extended to them. Luckily, the savages, wild beasts, sub humans etc. were now granted
some pretentiously unconditional citizenship, just as a way of complying with Great
Britains demand for a compulsory change in policy by the Americo-Liberian elite towards
the interior people. This was at the domestic front, but according to
http://alhajikromahpage.org/alhajifirestone.htm, just to qualify for this loan, Barclays
Liberia further adopted the British Pound Sterling as legal tender; Barclay approached Sir
Harry Johnston, head of the Liberia Rubber Company, to moreover help with the loan
negotiations. To encourage Sir Johnston to work harder, Barclay pre-gave Johnston the
contract to carry on development projects on behalf of the Government of Liberia, projects
that portions of the loan money were intended to be used for mainly to build a few miles
of road. For that reason, Barclay and Johnston worked quickly to change the name of
Johnstons company from the Liberia Rubber Company to the Liberia Development
Company. The Liberia Development Company, apart from its concession operation of
exploiting wild rubber, was given the right by Barclay to also exploit any kind of minerals
(diamond, gold etc.) free of charge in the concession areas, which spanned almost the whole
country at the time. Barclay also gave LDC the right to set up its own police force, at the
time Liberia herself never had one etc. When Erlanger & Company finally dished out the
$500,000 to the Government of Liberia in 1906 through Johnstons intervention, Barclay
gave $200,000 of the money to Johnston for road projects and additionally gave Johnston
$35,000 as personal loan. Although not explicitly stated, Barclay might have used small
portion of the money to do part payment of the old, failed 1871 loan, and the balance
$160,000 was used according to this source by Barclay to purchase two vehicles and build a
few miles of near Monrovia. Liberias debts again had climbed into a million plus.
(iii) Very few years later, that is, 1912, dull Liberia started grasping at straws again. She
cried on the US for intervention. America managed and joined Great Britain, France and
Germany, and they jointly granted stupid Liberia another $1.7 million loan. This loan
retired the 1906 loan, and customs was booming until 1914 when World War I broke out
and things started going haywire again, according to the same source above. Then US
Secretary of State Robert Lansing, evidently angered over the conduct of the Liberian
Government, dispatched a strongly worded message to Monrovia warning that the
American Government could no longer be subjected to criticisms from their partners as
regards the operations of the loan agreement. Here is an excerpt of what he said directly.
The United States Government can no longer countenance the failure of the Liberian
Government to carry out administrative reforms Liberia again, could not pay this debt.
(iv) Because Liberia was so heavily indebted to America and its European friends after
failing to pay the 1912 loan again, 14 years later, i.e. at the signing of the 1926 Firestone,
99 year, 1 million acre at 6 cents per acre Rubber Planting Concession Agreement, smart
Harvey Firestone forced a $5million loan into the throat of economically useless Liberia,
so as to help the Westerners get back their many past monies out of Liberia. Although a full
account of how this $5 million was received and expended by the Liberian authorities is not
clear, it is said that $2.5 million was advanced by Harvey Firestone, out of which

50

$2+million went against Liberias old miscellaneous debts. $36,000 was taken out of this
money to offset Americas expenses on certain Liberian delegation that went to Paris etc.
Portion of it went to some claimed sanitation and public works project. The Firestone $5
million, plus its cumulative annually compounded interests became so much of a milestone
around barren Liberias neck that her so-called politicians forgot their past nightmares with
European loans. After more than 25 years of the countrys meager royalties and other fees
out of the Firestone Concession went to Firestone herself as installment payments against
the loan, Liberia is said to have completed paying the loan in 1952. (A Short History of the
First Liberian Republic)
Apart from these direct loan packages, dirty Liberia has never been able to initiate and
accomplish any worthwhile economic project on its own before. Liberia must either get
grants or loans to construct anything, even an office space for state profit making
businesses. For example, Liberia contracted loans to construct and run the so-called Liberia
Petroleum Refining Company in the early 1960s and the late 1970s. In 1963, Liberia
received a World Bank $24.3 million loan to construct 64 Megawatts Walter F. Walter
(Mount Coffee Dam) near Monrovia; in the early 1960s, Liberia received $6.8 million in
loan and $9.2 million in grants from USAID to construct the John F. Kennedy Medical
Center in Monrovia etc. (www.wikepedia.org). But mental inferiority and criminal
orientation would cause them not to even independently sustain these institutions, let alone
pay on the loans contracted to build them. These and many other similar loans had climbed
and climbed, that by the turn of the 20th century, poor, dirty Liberia had accrued a
staggering $4.9 billion. By June 2010 (www.ibi.us.gov, etc.), the international community
was totally waiving all this debt off Liberias shoulders amounts that no one in this
country can quite give any clear accounts of how they were used. This waiver meanwhile is
happening at a time, when by this year, 2017, a rough calculation of what this same
international community has spent on Liberia in search of peace since 1990, now stands at
over $35 billion. WHAT AN EMBARRASSING SITUATION!!!
In less than 5 years of the waiver of such huge, unproductive debts, Liberia, under a
Harvard trained, former World Bank Economist, Americo-Liberian Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
again, had received new loans and grants well around $2 billion (President Sirleafs Annual
Message to the Second Session of the 53rd Legislature, National Chronicle, January 30,
2013; 2013 Update of the State of the Economy by Finance Minister Amara Konneh, the
News Newspaper, September 19, 2013; President Sirleafs Annual Message to the third
Session of the 53rd Legislature etc.). Meanwhile, as these loans, grants and other financial
packages pour in, the more Liberia gets plagued with budget shortfalls. Senator Isaac
Nyenaboe, in an early June 2014 appearance on a local radio show in Monrovia revealed
the recent trends of budget shortfalls for the past three years as around $26 million for
2011/2012 fiscal year; $42 million for fiscal year 2012/2013, and $74.5 million for fiscal
year 2013/2014. Shortly after the passage of the delayed 2014/2015 budget, former Lofa
County Senator Sumo Kupie is on record for informing the country to be assured of an
upcoming budget short fall of over $100 million. The US Ambassador to Liberia, Madam

51

Deborah Malac, head of the donor community, reacted to these embarrassing economic
developments in 2014 according a local radio by warning her children (the leadership of
old, irresponsible Liberia) not to spend money beyond their means.
In the midst of all this, the current irresponsible Liberian Government keeps claiming to its
own people and the international community that it has been aggressively growing the
economy year after year, even up to 12%, until 2014, when the Ebola epidemic came and
disgraced them. Lets remember here again that economic growth should be measured in
terms of Gross Domestic Product or GDP. So lets close our discussions on economics for
now with the issue of how a government truly grows an economy, so that we all can
conclude whether Liberias perception about GDP or output growth is again criminally
twisted and thwarted.
First off, according to the book, McConnel, Brue, Flynn Macroeconomics, 19th Edition,
contents of which are taught at junior and senior levels in undergraduate programs, whether
you refer to GDP growth as Economic Growth, Output Growth etc., all center around, and
can be measured by only two key things:
Your increased capacity to produce more goods/services, and
The level of improvement in the standard of living across your country
Anything short of people practically feeling these two in a society, then the one repeatedly
claiming economic growth is a hardcore criminal, like Americo-Liberian leaderships
including the one currently in power, have always been. Key among factors that
characterized modern economic growth, beginning with the industrial revolution in Britain
in the late 1700s were social change and increased/improved standards of living. When we
threw light on the two leading economic systems of our times, we mentioned how socialism
places huge emphasis on the attainment of an advanced level of material production, and
therefore, greater productivity, efficiency and rationality under the view that an expansion
of human productive capability is the only basis for the extension of freedom and equality
within a society. This is why every sound economist should know that it is the national
output (measured in terms of GDP) that makes a country rich, and not necessarily some
stock of cash sitting in some deposits somewhere, and this national output is determined by
the levels and intensiveness at which a country puts into use its capital and labor through
entrepreneurship at every level and not how much of crude natural resources it exports
traditionally or how many acres of its arable land it sells out to foreign capitalists for cash,
like old, dull Liberia.
In this respect, every sound economic policy is geared toward growing the GDP, which is
also referred to as the dollar measure of total production within ones territorial
confines or domain. This is why the whole concept of calculating GDP within National
Income Accounting is heavily focused on the final goods produced within the economy,
and how people are put to work in producing these goods and services. If one were to
employ anyone of the two popularly known methods used in National Income Accounting

52

to calculate GDP, one would definitely end up with this reality. For example, the Income
Approach argues that when a good/service is sold, its proceeds are distributed to workers
and the owners of the businesses producing them; meaning, GDP in this instance, = Labor
Income + Capital Income. Again, when you use the Expenditure Approach, you will see
the focus, the same way, on final goods/services, with the argument that all goods/services
produced in an economy are purchased by four stakeholders: the households, the
government itself, the different firms, and of course, foreigners; thus making this
approachs GDP formula to be, GDP = all consumptions by households + all investments
by businesses+ all government purchases + all expenditures by foreigners within your
country.
Since everything is about productivity here, every well meaning government endeavors, to
whatever extent possible, to take control of, and adequately regulate six key factors of the
economy to boost their labor productivity, and these six factors include:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)

Human Capital
Physical Capital
Land and other natural resources
Technology
Entrepreneurship and Management
Political and Legal Environment

In strengthening human capital, governments for example place education directly under
their control and manage it scrupulously because it has very huge externalities (side effects
or consequences when taken carelessly), including for example:
No economy ever becomes dynamic, healthy and progressive without an explosive and
aggressive culture of innovation through entrepreneurship; and it is only sound and
pervasive education that increases widespread innovation
No democracy works better without a majority educated minds
Progressive taxes are only optimized when there are many highly educated people at
work, and
Not all families can afford to pay for quality education for their children, and all
children deserve quality education etc.
It is on this basis that many, if not all productive and civilized countries take complete
control of education first. Like in the US for example, government provides support for
education in different forms to every citizen beginning from kindergarten to the highest of
institutions of learning. Some of these different forms of educational incentives range from
the provision of such basic things like breakfast and lunch for students; the provision and
strong supervision of all educational resources and facilities; and the provision of tuition
loans to students where applicable etc.

53

For the political and legal environment for example, good governance ensures a very
reliable recourse through the courts as a major economic incentive. For the physical capital
component above, responsible governments like those of the United States regularly design
policies that encourage new capital formation and savings in the private sector, and offer
periodic investment tax credits. Importantly too, a government can invest directly into
capital formation by taking on key infrastructure projects herself such as the construction of
roads, bridges, airports, dams etc. and not wait for one foreign company or country for 6
years to come to construct a 50 kilometer stretch of road in its own old, dirty 194 year old
capital like stupid Liberia. In enhancing technology, government pumps money directly into
research and development projects, which in turn promotes innovation. It funds basic
science programs like those done through the National Science Foundation in the United
States, and so forth.
In all these, and many more that we cant include all here, nowhere did we discover the
government folding her arms and waiting for private, incapacitated, or largely self-interest
seeking individuals to take the lead like in STUPID Liberia. And in America, apart from the
governments traditional monetary and fiscal arms, which are working assiduously around
the clock to educate and/or support all these policies, theres a separate body closer to the
president, called the Council of Economic Advisors, which is diligently monitoring and
ensuring that the main macroeconomic issues are being tackled systematically, and these
include:

How to keep the overall unemployment rate very low

How to keep national productivity levels high
How to keep prices stable
How to ensure very proactive government intervention in would-be trouble sectors
of the economy

To these ends, key statistical arms of government like the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the
Bureau of Economic Analysis, among others, are obliged to making monthly or other
periodic reports to the public on everything that the citizens need to know about their
economy. They dont operate like Liberia that has to be paying hundreds of millions of US
Dollars to institutions abroad to help them make up figures about their economic growth
and other key statistics.
Percentage economic growth rates are very critical, as each 1 percentage point increase
indicates significant progress in overall productivity levels, unemployment reductions and
the quality of living standards. For example, considering GDP/capita, between 1960 and
2004, America recorded average annual percentage growth rate at 2.3%; Japan, 3.9%;
Singapore, 4.4%; Hong Kong, 5.0%; and South Korea, 5.8% respectively. Communist
China in the past 25 years, recorded annual output growth rate of 9%; GDP/capita, 8%; its
labor force became more productive; the government got more involved with international
trade; its economy transformed into a market economy and China joined the World Trade

54

Organization in 2001. Communist Beijing is a very close friend of hybrid economic

Washington DC.
The Americo-Liberians, who control all these decisions and these statistics in our country,
know that sound education enables one to think critically about the social and economic
conditions of his society. Thats why, in line with the anti-indigenous vendetta pronounced
in their declaration of independence, they have never given the necessary support to expand
and improve up to this point, the quality of education in our country. They know that if
education is improved, vast majority of the beneficiaries will be the ethnic, indigenous 16
communities, whose members, at the back of the minds of the Americo-Liberians, are
savages and sub-humans or wild beasts. As such, because they, the Americo-Liberians
have always been, and continue to remain in control of the countrys wealth and resources,
they prefer sending their children, and those of a few of their loyalists abroad to obtain
quality education to return and strengthen their [NASTY] political and economic status quo
(A Short History of the First Liberian Republic, pp. 91, 96 etc.).
By keeping over 98% of the country uneducated or under-educated, the small criminal
aristocratic Americo-Liberian elite and their few indigenous stooges continue to lie about
realities in the country. One of Liberias Finance Minister is on record that from 2006 to
2014, that is, in 8 years, his government shamefully earned gross revenues in total of
US$2.7 billion, an amount that many small companies around the world now can earn in
just few months. This same man is on record that his government has been growing its
economy at 6-8.7% per annum for years now up to 2014. But just to disgracefully expose
him and his governments criminal cruelty, a weak virus broke out in 2014 to test his
claims. With over US$5 billion now been received either directly or through pledges to
fight this pandemic, criminal Liberia was brave to tell the world in November 2014, that in
four months of partnershiping with the international community (only mainly in the area of
coordination), its GDP, which was expected to have grown by 5.9% in the first quarter of
2014, had dropped to 0.4% in November of 2014 (Daily Observer, November 21, 2014).
WHAT A GREAT EXPOSURE OF DISHONESTY DONE BY WEAK EBOLA?
VII.

MANGAGEMENT

This is one of the business disciplines that has attracted a number of Liberians since the
close of the 20th century, so lets evaluate against Mr. Hugh Browns, Dr. James Cements,
and Patrick ORourkes claims to find out again whether the beautiful principles of
Managerial Science have been leveraged by this Americo-Liberian country for nation
building purposes. We start forthwith with a clear definition of Management. Management,
according to one dictionary, is the process of using people and resources to achieve
objectives. This is from the perspective of its applicability at the individual level. From an
institutional perspective, management is the integration of resources and tasks towards the
accomplishment of organizational goals, and all this is done through the careful process of

55

planning, organizing, directing and controlling. Management works hand in hand with
Economics.
Management was set apart as a separate discipline by business scientists owing to the
criticality involved in managing and supporting such economic areas as production,
marketing, finances and human resources. For example, business scientists believe that our
future comes to us in fragmented pieces that we must assemble every day that comes by;
meaning, each day translates our dreams into physical realities. For this reason, managers
transform every major objective or goal into a unique endeavor to produce a set of
deliverables within clearly specified time, cost and quality constraints etc.
People therefore must study management in order to lead and manage human, financial and
other resources adequately because of these primary reasons, inter-alia:
We live in a world that depends greatly on specialized institutions that produce the
goods/services we need daily, and these institutions in turn depend on the professional
expertise of managers in order to survive and operate progressively
Because of their economic and professional backgrounds, managers are responsible for
allocating societal resources to various ends
Untrained and guessing managers are largely responsible for organizational failures,
underproduction, and other managerial difficulties and stumbling blocks
To be productive and successful, objectives and goals must be achieved at the least of
cost, time, and discomfort. Untrained and guessing managers will always fall short at
these
Managers have a heavy weight on society. They can build safe or unsafe products; make
war or seek peace; clean or pollute societies etc. through their actions or inactions
Even more extensively at the societal level, managers have become very important
because of a quality that trained managers possess, referred to as prescience; which
means, having relatively full knowledge of the future based on the available information
and statistics a manager has at his disposal today. Lets mention here that this
empowering information used by mangers in their prescience of the future comes from 3
sources, including what they hear, what they themselves gather, and what they infer, or
induce. For this reason, a manager, who is also known to an expert planner, provider,
and protector, is now considered by business scientists as an expert revolutionary.
At the planning level, managers set an achievable objective/goal; forecast variables and
outcomes relating to that objective/goal; formulate alternative plans of action for the
achievement of this objective/goal; evaluate the alternatives; and choose the best one to
work with. At the organizing level, managers look at defining the organization (the
temporary or permanent structure set up to work at the goal/objective) in terms of how tasks
and resources are deployed in pursuing the planned objective/goal. Another way of saying
the same thing is designing the organizational structure, attracting the right kinds of people,

56

and creating the conditions to ensure that everyone and everything works together perfectly
in institutional or organizational pursuits. In directing, managers are involved with giving
assignments, explaining the assignments, clarifying policies, and providing feedbacks on
employees performances. It also involves guiding and motivating others in pursuing
corporate or institutional agenda. And finally, controlling, which means, comparing actual
performance with set standards and taking actions to bridge any gaps, lies at the heart of
management and leadership. Let it be known here with the greatest of emphasis that, the
best of laid plans, the most perfect of preparations, and the most abundant of available
resources ALL CAN LAY IN UTTER WASTE in a weak and wrong execution
environment, and an environment is only considered right and effective based on the level
of monitoring and controls in place. Because all of Liberias institutions were established by
morally lax, mentally inferior and criminally oriented forefathers, these realities continue to
reflect themselves in every aspect of their performance scorecard today weak execution
and poor controls etc.
Because of the huge significance attached to the control function of leadership, managers
partition it into three, which are: Preliminary Controls, Concurrent Controls, and Feedback
Controls.
Good managers are quite aware that, just as individual business enterprises exist in a tightly
competitive economic environment, nations exist in a global environment full of different
forms of competitions. A business enterprise, just as a nation, not ready to compete is
already doomed before its establishment. Therefore, just as a nation is expected to behave
almost the same way as a competitive business entity, the ability of an enterprise/nation to
create value and outperform competitors is a function of its core competence, and the
strength of this competence is a product of the specialized resources and coordination
abilities that it possesses and other organizations/nations dont possess. This is a function of
management. Since the so-called pioneers established their Liberia, managers, from the
president down to the least of supervisors in the least of Liberian institutions have never
thought in this direction as yet.
According to one local radio here in Monrovia, Liberia has 19 revenue generating
enterprises and 94 fund raising agencies, making up a total of 113 governmental institutions
that collect money for the country, with the full backing of the state. But according to the
New Democrat, Friday, February 17, 2012 edition, appointments in the Liberian
Government settings are politicized beyond competence and professional levels. Instead,
electing and selecting individuals responsible for policies and their implementations are
based on political appeasement, political accommodations, and political expediency, with
loyalty tests and sometimes youth labels as the guideposts. As a result of these very sad
realities, the 113 money generating bodies have never before in the history of failed, nasty
Liberia, generated up to US$400 million independently in a whole years time, when in
many African countries now, talk less about other advanced parts of the world, single
institutions and even single individuals can generate up to 10 times this amount just in few

57

months or a year. And sadly, according to all government sources, more than 70% of this
small amount of Liberias yearly collection goes to recurrent (every day to every year)
expenses. [Good management is indeed working in Liberia because she has respect for
history too. WHAT A SHEER NONESENSE!!]
VIII. ACCOUNTING
No course in Liberia now puts out more graduates yearly equal to Accounting, which is a
welcoming development, anyway. But sadly, none of the graduates for the past scores of
years up to present, is daring to read beyond the lines to dig out the qualitative or soft side
of Accounting, to apply it to the improvement of society, even if this dimension is not
stressed so much in traditional accounting texts; but instead, all of us have buried our heads
into the hard side or quantitative side of Accounting, which focuses only on ASSETS =
LIABILITIES + EQUITIES.
Having said that, lets look at the basic definition of both accounting, and accountability, a
word which derives from Accounting. Accounting, in its simplest definition, is the process
of identifying, recording, and communicating to interested users the economic activities
(transactions and events) of an entity; and, please note here that an entity can be an
individual, an institution or a nation etc. Please also note here that we want to lay emphasis
on the soft side, or the qualitative side of Accounting in this paperwork. According to
Wikipedia, accountability, in ethics and governance, is answerability, blameworthiness,
liability, and the expectation of account-giving. In leadership roles, accountability is the
acknowledgement and assumption of responsibility for actions, products, decisions and
policies etc., including the administration, governance, and implementation within the scope
of a role or employment position, and it encompasses the obligation to report, explain and
be answerable for resulting consequences. In governance, accountability has expanded
beyond the basic definition of being called to account for ones actions. It is frequently
described as an account-giving relationship between individuals. Like for example, A is
accountable to B when A is obliged to inform B on As (past or future) actions and
decisions, to justify them, and to suffer punishment in the case of eventual misconduct.
Accountability cannot exist without proper accounting culture and practices. In other words,
an absence of accounting means an absence of accountability. Political accountability is the
accountability of the government, civil servants, and politicians, to the public and to
legislative bodies such as congress or parliament.
A catch theme in all of the above passages is that Accountability cannot exist without
an inherent and proper accounting culture and practice. The issue of leadership and
the tone at the top comes in here, but before we get there, lets first explore the driving
force behind an accounting culture and its supporting accounting practices. Of course,
ETHICS is that big driving force.
In Accounting, as well as other worlds, Ethics are the beliefs that distinguish right from
wrong; or, the accepted standards for good and bad. Prof. John J. Wild of the University of

58

Wisconsin, in his book, Financial Accounting Fundamentals, defines ethics as codes of

conduct by which actions are judged as right or wrong, fair or unfair, and honest or
dishonest; and, he also claims that ethical standards serve as a very practical function in any
advanced market economy. Yet still, other Accounting experts say that without a
widespread adherence to ethical standards, material living standards within a society
will fall on the overall. Some of them extend ethics to social responsibility, which refers to
a concern for the impact of business leaders actions on society.
To inculcate ethics within the business or work environment, internal controls come in. The
objective of an internal control structure is to use ethics as a tool to provide a reasonable
assurance that an entitys goals or objectives are achieved. The Internal Control Structure
therefore, consists of an entitys accounting systems, control environment, and control
procedures. The Accounting system provides management with the data necessary to plan
and direct operations. The control environment consists of the overall attitude of
management and employees towards control mechanisms. Factors that influence an entitys
control environment are:
1. The managements philosophy and operating style
2. The organizational structure, which is also the framework for planning and
controlling operations, and
3. The personnel policies and procedures
Control procedures are those policies and procedures that management has established to
provide reasonable assurance that an entitys goals will be achieved; and they include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Competent personnel
Rotation of duties
Clearly defining responsibilities before assigning them
Mandatory vacations
Separation of responsibilities for related functions
Separation of accounting for assets, custody of assets, and operations
Proofs (or safeguards) and security measures

When individuals and institutions pay lip service to, or even temporarily relax the issues of
ethics and internal controls, the consequences can be very disastrous. The worlds greatest
economy is a living witness. According to Wikipedia, a variety of complex factors created
the conditions and culture in the United States, in which a series of large corporate frauds
occurred between 2000 and 2002. The spectacular, highly publicized frauds at Enron,
WorldCom, and Tyco exposed significant problems with conflicts of interest and incentive
compensation practices. The analyses of the complex and contentious root causes of these
developments contributed to the passage of the Sarbanes Oxley Act or SOX in 2002.
Senator Paul Sarbanes of Maryland and Rep. Michael G. Oxley of Ohio co-sponsored SOX.
The Act, introduced in the House of Representatives on February 14, 2002, as the
Corporate and Auditing Accountability, Responsibility, and Transparency Act of 2002

59

by Hon. Oxley, was passed by the Senate on July 15, 2002 as the Public Company
Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002 and then finally signed into
law by President George W. Bush on July 30, 2002. In a 2004 interview, Senator Sarbanes
said, The Senate Banking Committee undertook a series of hearings on the problems in the
markets that had led to a loss of hundreds and hundreds, indeed trillions of dollars in
market value. The hearings set out to lay the foundations for legislation. We scheduled 10
hearings over a six-week period, during which we brought in some of the best people in the
country to testify The hearings produced remarkable consensus on the nature of the
problems: inadequate oversight of accountants, lack of auditor independence, weak
corporate governance procedures, stock analysts conflicts of interest, inadequate
disclosure provisions, and grossly inadequate funding of the Securities and Exchange
Commission..
The bill, which contains 11 sections, covers responsibilities of a public corporations board
of directors, adds criminal penalties for certain misconduct, and requires the SEC to create
regulations to define how public corporations are to comply with the laws. In summary,
SOX requires all public companies, yea all companies, to apply both accounting oversight
and stringent internal controls, with the desired goals of attaining more transparency,
accountability and truthfulness in reporting transactions.
SOX for example, requires that each entitys annual report contains an internal control
report or section, which must:
(1) State managers responsibility for establishing and maintaining adequate internal
controls for financial reporting, and
(2) Assess the effectiveness of those controls.
This, from the perspective of SOX is not enough. The Act also requires that financial
statements filed with the SEC be certified by CEOs and CFOs, including a declaration that
the statements fairly present the issuers operations and financial conditions. Violators can
receive up to $5 million in fine and/or up to 20 years imprisonment.
This is not lip service, as some top US corporate executives and institutions have already
fallen prey. For example, Enron was found guilty of abusing one of the key concepts in
Accounting, called the Business Entity Concept; Andrew Fastow of Enron was found guilty
of hiding debts and inflating income, among others. After entering into a plea agreement
with a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison and forfeiture of US$23.8 million in family
assets, on September 26, 2006, Fastow was sentenced to 6 years, followed by two years of
probation. For falsifying accounting records, L. Dennis Kozlowski of Tyco was sentenced
for over 10 years; Bernard J. Ebbers of WorldCom was convicted for an $11 billion fraud
that brought down the telecommunications company in 2002 and therefore sentenced on
July 13, 2005 to 25 years in prison.

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As we have discovered thus far, fraud and corruption are Accountings most prominent
crimes. At their aggravated levels, all of them qualify as theft. In an article published by
John T. Wells, within the Journal of Accountancy, called Enemies Within, he estimates
that up to one third of US employees have stolen from their employers one way the other.
He said, some of these stealing, depending on their magnitudes can have minor impacts on
the business, but others can have catastrophic aftermaths, including a complete business
breakdown. He said, most disconcerting is that employee thieves are people whom you will
least expect. So the solution to all this is a strong internal control environment that spells
out all of the breaches plus strict disciplinary actions and punitive measures, as financial
thefts are not the only common occurrences of a weak system. They are just a few of the
financial misbehaviors that take place within a weak system. Other crippling breaches of
non-financial nature include careless handling of documents, unlawful termination, flawed
employment processes, nepotistic employment of unqualified persons, and the list goes on.
But again and again, whether internal controls will be well defined and tightened is a key
function of the tone at the top, as we saw for example with the American first branch of
government moving so swiftly by enacting laws, and ensuring their immediate
implementation, based on the irregularities they had noticed just within two years. We will
conclude our discussions on accounting here with some brief observations made by the
International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions (INTOSAI)s Journal of
Government Auditing published between 2000 and 2005 on corruption. According to these
publications, audit against corruption cannot take place until there is an enabling
environment meaning, the issue of the culture of accountability that we stressed earlier
will have to come in. INTOSAI further said that the scope of auditors contributions to
fighting fraud and corruption has a close relationship with the tone at the top, saying, If the
top authority, for example, the CEO, Minister, President etc. of a company, ministry or
country engages in corrupt practices, the auditors can never make any much contribution, as
these very chiefs will never permit an auditor to get closer to auditing against their
corruption.
INTOSAI also used this occasion to clarify that it is difficult for auditors to quantify
corruption or to report the actual event of corruption. Instead, audit reports mainly indicate
the existence of opportunities for corruption; and as such, they should be used as the basis
for corrective actions by the government to forestall corruption in the future or to minimize
the opportunities for corruption. Even at this, the paper said, possibilities for finding such
opportunities for corruption can still be hampered in the midst of collusion people
working in coordination to bypass controls.
Corruption therefore, the journal declares, is a complex phenomenon, wherein at times a
mere eye contact can establish some relationship or an effective act of corruption. The
paper therefore concludes that corruption, as such, requires a multifaceted attack or
approach. It requires for example, a set of regulations against corrupt practices, a code of
conduct for employees and vendors, awareness raising campaigns, training of staff, internal

61

controls, sanctions and incentives, protection and encouragement of whistleblowers, and an

open approach towards information reporting. But again the auditors and the other
stakeholders can only succeed when theres an enabling environment for fighting
corruption.
But to this end, in Liberia, the Press Union of Liberia had these observations, according to
an editorial in the Thursday, September 19, 2013 edition of the National Chronicle
Newspaper, which are backed by few other sources Since government officials are
constantly expressing doubts about the conclusiveness of GAC reports (i.e. audit reports
from the General Auditing Commission), PUL is recommending dissolution of the auditing
body. The Press Union says despite huge funding pumped into the GAC by the Government
and partners to make it effective, it appears to be a source of conflict and embarrassment,
as this institution set up to fight waste and abuse [in society], is now being exposed to
sustained bullying from government officials, without [any comments] from the [top]
leadership of the country. There has virtually been no audit of government structures by the
GAC that was not rubbished by the officials concerned. As a consequence of the
aggression against the commission, about 80 audits conducted by the GAC in the past 8
years have been gathering dust at the National Legislature for public hearings As
evidence of the lack of political will to confront this national emergency called
corruption, is the apparent resistance or refusal of the Legislature and the Judiciary to
submit to audits. The ministries of Information and Justice in their condemnation against
the GAC said that audits made by that body were wanting in best practice standards;
adding, the audits were not reliable, and therefore no serious government will rush to court
on the basis of a mere audit report because audit reports are not evidence. In addition to
this, in almost all of the US State Departments Human Rights Reports on Liberia, it is
carried that the Liberian Legal System does not provide criminal penalties for corruption,
which remains systemic throughout the government and officials engaged in corruption
do go with impunity (Section 3: Respect for Political Rights: The Rights of Citizens to
Change their Government)
As a result of this overall accounting culture, in its December 9, 2010 corruption Barometer
Report, German-based Transparency International graded Liberia as the worlds most
corrupt country with 89%, followed by Uganda and Cambodia with 86% and 84%
respectively. In 2013, according to the www.usatoday.com, Liberia and Mongolia topped as
the most corrupt countries on Earth, according to the Transparency International. In both
countries, Liberia and Mongolia, according to the TI, 86% of residents believed that
corruption in the public sector is a very serious problem. In Liberia, 86% of residents
surveyed said their government is inefficient at fighting the problem. This, according to TI,
in this usatoday.com report, was the largest proportion of any of the 107 nations that she
surveyed.
Corruption, meanwhile during her 2006 inaugural address, the current Liberian President,
Ellen Sirleaf, described it as a debilitating cancer that erodes [citizens] faith in government;

62

weakens accountability, transparency and justice; short changes and undermines key
decision and policy-making processes; stifles private investments; and a cancer that creates
hostility, distrust and anger.
IX.

STATISTICS

Life is full of many phenomena (observable facts or events), questions, and puzzles etc.,
which, each of us face every day. Some of these phenomena, questions, puzzles,
conundrums, etc. may not affect or impact us directly, but others surely have tremendous
impact on our survival, and progress in life. The body of knowledge that is designed to help
us systematically test each of these life-impacting questions, puzzles, conundrums, and
phenomena etc., so as to be able to establish key facts; satisfy our doubts; validate our
hypotheses, and make sound decisions, is none else, but an academic discipline called
STATISTICS. And lets not forget here that knowledge comes from God Himself, our
Creator. The definitions of statistics may have slight variations just as any other word for
that matter, but the key objective and goal remains the same, as above. Because our
discussions in this work are based on national issues, we bring here the definition of
statistics done by Prof. Mario Trioli, who teaches Mathematics at the Dutches County
College of New York. According to him, statistics is derived from the Latin word, status,
meaning state, and it was, [or it is], a tool for the compilation of data and graphs describing
different aspects of a country or a state. Still other professionals define it as a collection of
methods employed for planning experiments, obtaining data, and then organizing,
summarizing, presenting and interpreting these data or outcomes [for the purpose] of
drawing conclusions and making sound decisions.
The many uses of statistics include applications in business, economics, physics, biology,
chemistry, computer science, agriculture, medicine, military intelligence, political science,
sociology, literature, and education etc. Statistical theories applied to these diverse fields
often result in changes that benefit humanity. Social reforms are normally initiated as a
result of statistical analyses of factors such as crime rates and poverty levels etc. Large
scale population planning can result from projections devised by statisticians. Diseases can
be controlled through analyses designed to anticipate epidemics. Endangered species of fish
and other wild life can be protected through regulations and laws that will benefit the
society at large. Because of its practical applicability in the majority of instances as
compared to other branches of Math, which mainly deal with abstractions, statistics also
enables us properly plan budgets, handle tax issues and evaluate classroom and general
work performances. In addition to providing skills that are important in many jobs and
disciplines, the study of statistics can help one become very critical in their analysis of
information, and thereby making them less susceptible to misleading or deceptive claims
etc.

63

Many Liberians (relatively) have been earning a degree or taking courses in this discipline
both at home and abroad for years now. So how are we making good use of this course in
the absence of taking History seriously?
It is important first off to get some basic details about statistics and how it works. If you
probably came across the concept of scientific method in your grade school science studies,
then you will appreciate statistics apparently. So lets refresh our memories on scientific
method first. It is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new
knowledge, or correcting and integrating new knowledge with available ones. But to be
termed as scientific, a method of inquiry must be based upon empirical (real life) and
measurable evidence, and it must be subject to specific principles of reasoning. It consists
of systematic measurements, observations, experiments etc, and the formulation, testing,
and modification of a hypothesis. Note a hypothesis is a statement not yet proven, but
assured to be true for the purpose of argument, further study, or investigation. For instance,
All Americo-Liberian presidents are hard-core criminals.
A hypothesis is made from observation. The key characteristic that distinguishes the
scientific method of acquiring knowledge from other methods is that scientists seek to allow
the reality speak for itself using the scientific method; that is, supporting the claim when its
predictions are confirmed or challenging it when the predictions prove false. This is how
statistics works. Scientific inquiry, including statistical inquiry, is intended to be as
objective as possible in order to minimize bias. Another basic expectation is that the
documentation, archiving, and sharing of data collected or produced must be systemic, and
that the methodologies used must be available for careful scrutiny so as to support attempts
by other scientists to reproduce and verify them. This practice, known as full disclosure,
also means that statistical measures of the reliability of outcomes will have to be made.
Finally, scientific method, which has characterized natural and social sciences since the 17th
century, also requires intelligence, imagination and creativity.
Statistics employs both qualitative and quantitative data analyses. Its qualitative data can
also be referred to as categorical or attribute data. Quantitative data consists of numbers
representing counts or measurements. The most basic form of statistics, known as
descriptive statistics, lays the foundation for all statistical work. It quantitatively describes
the main features of a collection of data. The next form of statistics is called inferential or
inductive statistics. This is the more logical and conclusive area of statistics that requires
serious care and focus, although your descriptive calculations must as well be handled
properly. Inferential or inductive statistics looks at how general statements, estimates or
predictions are made about a whole population using just a sample of that population.
Its important to remember here that making sound decisions takes a lot of intellectual
strength and dialectics, all of which are subject to pitfalls and errors. For example, in
Economics and logical reasoning, pitfalls include biases, fallacy of composition, post-hoc
fallacy, hasty generalizations, argumentum ad hominem, strategic misrepresentations etc.;

64

and so, in order for natural and social science conclusions reached through inductive
statistics to be reliable, procedures and techniques must be followed religiously.
So, while descriptive statistics aims to mathematically summarize carefully collected
sample data, inferential statistics uses this carefully summarized sample data to analyze and
draw conclusions about the population which this sample represents. This makes taking
samples, or collecting data in general, to be one of the most critical tasks in statistics. As
such, statisticians recommend four key points to be considered when collecting data, which
include:
Ensure that the sample size is large enough for the required purpose
Try as hard as you can to collect data yourself if possible, or use very trusted sources to
avoid distortion
Consider a good survey medium, and
Your sample should be representative enough of the population.
Statisticians are also concerned about the method of sampling you use. They therefore
recommend 5 major sampling methods as follows:
(a)Random sampling (b) Stratified Sampling (c) Systematic Sampling, (d) Cluster sampling,
and (e) Convenience Sampling
Statistics also recommends some specific formula to help you choose a suitable sample size
to match your population. All this is intended to help you systematically go about the
testing of your observations, hypotheses, etc. because the final conclusions and decisions
you make may impact past, current and future generations collectively. After gathering your
sample data properly, Statistics has got a couple of tools, from which you can choose one or
more to do mathematical analyses of your sample data. They include: the Mean (also called
the average), the Standard Deviation, the Regression Analysis, the Correlation Analysis, the
F-test, the t-test etc. But basically, the measures used to describe data sets or samples are
the Measures of Central Tendency (how your randomly selected variables draw closer to
one another in relationship), and the Measures of Dispersion or Variability (how your
randomly selected variables or test elements are spread apart from one another or from an
average or common point). Measures of Central Tendency include the Mean, the Median,
the Mode, and the Midrange etc. while those of Dispersion include mainly the Variance and
Standard Deviation.
For example, in our lead observation above, that is, All Americo-Liberian presidents are
hard-core criminals, a statistician can conduct some simple statistical test on this claim to
reproduce the hypothesis and strengthen the case for further investigation, or to disprove it.
This can be accomplished for instance by using common sense and logic to design a testing
scheme as follows:
First, you will have to establish your total population or the main population at stake. So
here, we will say that we have a total population of 20 presidents because from history and

65

common knowledge, 22 physical presidents have governed Liberia since its so-called
independence in 1847 to date, 2017, two of which were Natives, with the rest being
Americo-Liberians. Ten of the Americo-Liberian presidents were natural born citizens of
the United States that traveled to Liberia before becoming presidents, while the balance 10,
including Madam Sirleaf, are direct Americo-Liberian descendants. Note also that there
have actually been 24 presidential administrations, but two of the presidents were elected
twice at two quite different times, thats why we are saying 22 physical presidents instead
of 24; and, on the line of the Native presidents, one governed for 10 years while the other
governed for only one month. With this population of 20 well established, we can now
attach some simple numerical scores to each criminal offense to be used in our evaluation,
and then determine that any points at the lower limits of our score, and above, translate to
hardcore criminality. We therefore say:

Description Of Criminal Offense

a Selling of ethnic Liberians into slavery or generally for money

Weight/Range
(In Points)
10 15
68

b Subjecting Ethnic Liberians to domestic forced labor or deadly exposures

c

Recklessly auctioning the countrys resources

9 12
79

d Openly cheating in presidential elections

e

Indulging into proven rampant corruption

8 10

The average here will be 8, that is, (10 + 6 + 9 + 7 + 8 = 40/5, which equals 8) considering
only the lower limits of the assigned scores above. So if we use some sampling method and
a formula to derive a sample size of 4, we could then bring in four Americo-Liberian
presidents for testing as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Stephen Allen Benson

Charles D. B. King
William V. S. Tubman, and
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

Applying our statistical methods of collecting data from both secondary and primary
sources, we will discover from history and current events the realities below:
1. Stephen Allen Benson
Offense
Identity
Letter

Grading/
Score for Available data to prove
Offense

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12

10

According to the book, In the Cause of the People, Bensons

government was involved with the direct selling of our ethnic
forefathers to French authorities in the West Indies, but the price per
head was not established or disclosed
According to the same source in (a), the setters early economic
structure included a plantation system wherein our indigenous
forefathers worked as domestic slaves
Economic commodities were exploited from our poor interior and
indigenous populations and sold to European traders by the AmericoLiberian elites for handsome profits (Idem), but the scale was not that
large
Americo-Liberian elections have almost all been marred by
unimaginable cheating, but details about how Mr. Benson did his are
not yet clear.
As early as 16 years after independence, a reliable source reveals that
some Legislative investigation about stolen money from governments
coffers established that President Benson had stolen over US$100,000
of mixed loan monies from the governments coffers.

Statistical Calculation of the Mean (the Average), or X_bar, which can also be considered
for the population average, or , will be:
= = 12 + 8 + 7 + 0 + 10 = 7.4 [meaning, criminal, but not hardcore
n
5
because we did not get 8 or above]
2. Charles D. B. King
Offense
Identity
Letter

Grading/
Score for Available data to prove
Offense

15

The League of Nations Dr. Cuthbert Christy Report established that

President King and his Vice Presidents were directly involved in selling
our forefathers into slavery at Fernando Poo. He personally was reported
to have received $45 for each living Yarkpawolo and Dolo that was
shipped to Fernando Poo. (A Short History of the First Liberian
Republic). He escaped impeachment for this reason and quickly
resigned due to pressure
Charles Kings Government used the ruthless Liberia Frontier Force
(LFF) to jack our forefathers from their villages to plant rubber for
Firestone, initially for free, then later, due to international pressure, they
started paying our people around $3.00 per month etc. In fact, he
forcibly evicted our people from their inherited farmlands without any

67

12

10

compensation when he and his government, including Senator Bill

Tubman were giving 1 million acres of our Grain Coast arable land to
Firestone
for
6
cents
per
acre
for
99
years
(http://alhajikromahpage.org/alhajifirestone.htm, In the Cause of the
People, etc. )
The Firestone Contract above (same sources)
He cheated T. J. R. Faulkner in their 1927 elections, when the country, at
the time, had registered not more than 15,000 voters, but King and his
elections commission announced that he won Faulkner at 235,000 to
8,922 votes. (Guinness Book of Records, 1995, p. 432)
The League of Nations Dr. Christy Report mentioned above indicted
King and his entire administration for many counts of administrative
misdemeanors and human rights violations

King can then be graded statistically as done below:

= = 15 + 8 + 12 + 9 + 10 = 10.8 [meaning, hardcore
n
5
criminal because we got 8 or above]
3. William V. S. Tubman
Offense
Identity
Letter

Grading/
Score for Available data to prove
Offense

14

12 +

He was Senator in 1928 when the Liberian Government (although

history has it as a group of prominent Liberians) entered into a Labor
Supply Agreement with a Spanish Company called Syndicato Agricola
de los Territorios Espanoles del Golfo de Guinea to supply ethnic
Liberians to Fernando Poo, and these poor people were been forcibly
rounded up by the Liberia Frontier Force (A Short History of the First
Liberian Republic). Additionally, the League of Nations 1930 Report
has it that Senator Tubman, Maryland County Superintendent Brooks,
and Maryland Representative McBorough imprisoned one tribal chief,
Broh for trying to incite his fellow chiefs to resist a request for them to
provide 60 men each for Fernando Poo.
President Tubman and Firestone used the Liberia Frontier Force (LFF)
to forcibly recruit workers from among the poor indigenous people for
the rubber company. This recruitment system continued until the early
1960s when the Government of Portugal interrupted it
(http://alhajikromahpage.org/alhajifirestone.htm)
Senator Tubman, private legal counsel of Firestone, sponsored the

68

10

Firestone bill that saw Liberian Government give out 1 million acres of
the countrys land to Firestone for 6 cents per acre and giving Firestone
the right to exploit other mineral resources from the land free of charge
apart from the core work or subject of the contract, planting rubber.
Tubman sold a 250 million ton deposit of iron ore to Bethlehem Steel at
less than $0.20 per ton at a time when one ton of iron ore, depending on
which grade, cost $10, $70, $100, or $2,000 respectively
(http://books.google.com...). Tubman also sold over 250 million tons of
iron deposit in Mount Nimba at less than 16 cents on each dollar
willfully reported by the investor etc. (A Short History of the First
Liberian Republic, In the Cause of the People etc.)
He first of all amended the constitution in order to stay in office for life.
In the election of 1951, he, according to Liberian historical sources,
claimed to have won D. Twe by over 200,000 votes to around 1,000 for
D. Twe, but in actuality, his government had already removed D. Twes
name from the ballot paper (Idem)
Apart from recklessly auctioning the countrys resources, this man was
Senator while at the same time private lawyer to Harvey Firestone,
whose concession bill, Tubman co-sponsored in the Senate. Moreover,
deductions were made from civil servants salaries for the celebration of
this immoral mans birthday etc. (In the Cause of the People)

Tubman then, could be graded according to these statistics as follows:

= = 14 + 8 + 12 + 9 + 10 = 10.6 [meaning, hardcore
n
5
criminal because we got 8 or above]
4. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Offense
Identity
Letter

Grading/
Score for Available data to prove
Offense

15

Every available fact surrounding the spread and subsequent havoc

wreaked by Ebola against the poor Ethnic majority of this country points
to, or suggests that some double standards are being played with the
lives of our people for some financial and other interests or gains by
Madam Sirleaf, her lieutenants, and her principals. (empirical evidence)
When more than 50% of a countrys landmass is being auctioned out to
foreign capitalists slice by slice (Student Unification Party; Liberia Land
Commission etc.) in deals that see huge mass of Ethnic Liberians
displaced from their inherited lands without any tangible compensation
that will help sustain them for some appreciable length of time in their
lives, it means they have been exposed to fatal dangers, a crime against

69

12 +

10

humanity equally.
Madam Sirleaf and her government have sold or resold up to 14 of the
nations oil blocks to their foreign friends, in bogus concession
agreements that see the country benefiting less than even 1% on the
overall oil wealth of the country (National Chronicle Newspaper, Pro
Publica, Daily Observer, Insight, etc.). This is a government that has also
signed huge Agriculture, iron ore, and other natural mineral concession
agreements, which according to them worth over $18 billion in value,
but nothing exists on the books, and no transformation in the lives of the
people to reflect these realities. In fact, British Auditing firm, Moore
Stephens, in an external auditing exercise of Liberias concession
agreements established that over 97% of all concession deals signed by
Liberia during a specific time scope was flawed
This is a very insincere president. Shes on record proudly announcing to
the world that market women seized voting cards belonging to their
children who expressed opposition to voting for her during the past
election. And to make this case even much stronger, Senator Prince
Johnson, according to the local media, announced that during the last
election when some of his kinsmen were losing in the vote counts, he,
Prince had to rush to President Sirleaf to help influence the election
results in favor of these legislative candidates because they were the
guys that fought for some of Madam Sirleafs supported factions during
the civil war.
There is no need to explain more here as the Transparency International
has already concluded it by grading Liberia as the worlds most corrupt
country for 2010 and 2013 (National Chronicle, www.usatoday.com
etc.)

Statistically too, Madam Sirleaf can be graded as:

= = 14 + 8 + 12 + 9 + 10 = 10.6 [meaning, hardcore
n
5
criminal because we got 8 or above]
Using inferential statistics to draw conclusion on the Americo-Liberian presidents
population of 20 based on this sample of 4, chosen systematically, you can calculate the test
statistic, which is the Mean of Means or the Average of Averages, as follows:
#

PRESIDENTS

ACCUMULATED SCORES

Stephen Allen Benson

7.4

Charles D. B. King

10.8

William V. S. Tubman

10.6

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Ellen Johnson Sirleaf

Total

10.6
39.4

= = 39.4 = 9.6
n
4
Since we were targeting an average of 8 and above, and we got 9.9 or 10, we can safely
conclude, based on induction, that Americo-Liberian presidents are hardcore criminals. But
to even further validate this claim, additional tests could be conducted by systematically
choosing another set of 4 Americo-Liberian presidents, even more than once. Lets say for
example, you decided to do so, and through your sampling method, a new sample
comprising Presidents Arthur Barclay, Joseph J. Cheeseman, Daniel E. Howard, and Edwin
James Barclay was selected. You will still find these characteristic scores depicting strong
criminality keep coming close to the Mean or Average, when you start discovering
information like the below, about elements of this new sample:
(i) Arthur Barclay (1904 1912): (a) He imposed a harsh colonial administrative style
called the Indirect Rule on Ethnic Liberian communities in 1906 whereby the Liberia
Frontier Force was used to impose and collect fines, dues and other collections including
hut taxes, independence day collections, self-help project collections, Rally Time
Collections, compulsory collection of chickens, other cattle, red oil etc. for government and
its officials. Fines imposed on these helpless and hopeless ethnic Liberian people were as
high as $100 when all information had it that the overall earnings per family per annum
could not sometimes reach $70, and government, even as up to today, could not provide
these people any social services. But very draconian penalties and inhumane treatments
awaited any soul who refused, or one way or the other, could not afford to pay these dues,
fines, taxes etc. And those treatments or state-sponsored mayhems included, but were not
limited to, forcible detentions under squalid conditions, sitting in the sun all day, kneeling
over palm kernel shells all day and looking in the sky etc. The Liberia Frontier Force was
also used during those days to forcibly recruit indigenous Liberians for either shipment
outside for slave labor, or for use on both government officials and foreign capitalists
farms in forced labor (In the Cause of the People). The Indirect Rule continued from 1906
to 1964 (A Short History of the First Liberian Republic). So for the purpose of our
statistical exercise here, this criminal component of the test statistic will cover Presidents
Arthur Barclay, Daniel E. Howard and Edwin James Barclay. (b) The Rubber Industry was
introduced in Liberia in 1894 (A Short History of the First Liberian Republic). The
Liberian Government gave British man, Sir Harry Johnston, owner of the Monrovia Rubber
Company, the right to exploit wild rubber from Liberian bushes. No one knows what
Liberia benefited. Later, the Monrovia Rubber Company expressed interest in planting its
own rubber, and Liberia consented, giving the British man 2,000 acres of land at Mount
Barclay, near Monrovia. Upon the maturity of this rubber, the Liberian Government was
entitled to receive 8 cents on each pound of rubber sold and reported by Sir. Johnston at the
time when rubber price on the world market was somewhere in the neighborhood of $1 to

71

$3 per pound. Monrovia Rubber Company later evolved into the Liberia Rubber Company,
then the Liberia Development Company, and was in charge of developing Liberia, using
funds credited in the name of the Liberian Government. The companys territorial domain
later covered 4 out of Liberias 5 existing counties and she had the right, apart from
planting rubber, to exploit underground mineral resources (diamond, gold etc.) in her
controlled 4 out of 5 counties (http://alhajikromahpage.org/alhajifirestone.htm, etc.). This
contract was first granted during the presidency of Joseph J. Cheeseman, then improved
upon by Arthur Barclay, and continued on to Daniel E. Howard. So this test statistic affects
these three elements out of this sample of 4 equally again. (c) Still lets look at the issue of
selling our people out like animals. In 1892, that is, by the year Joseph J. Cheseman became
president, the French signed another contract with the Liberian Government under which
government was responsible to recruit Liberian indigenous men and boys to work on the
Panama Canal in Latin America, and to serve in the French Colonial Army (In the Cause of
the People, Dew Mason, p.38). By 1900, during a different presidents term, not part of this
sample, Spain began formally recruiting slave labor from Liberia to work on her plantations
on the Island of Fernando Poo. This program though, was sustained and enhanced by
President Daniel E. Howard, an element within our current sample etc. and etc.
We have brought in all this to further clarify how statistics works to produce dependable
conclusions and outcomes. By trying to bring in another sample of 4 from our population of
20 Americo-Liberian presidents in further proving our claim that Americo-Liberian
presidents are hardcore criminals, we intend to expose this concept in statistics, called the
Central Limit Theorem, used in deriving conclusions and making decisions. Here is a
summarized argument of the Central Limit Theorem. Given that:
i.

The random variable, x, (that is, for example, anyone of our 20 Americo-Liberian
presidents), has a distribution (which may, or may not be normal), with a Mean, , and
a standard deviation, , and

ii.

The sample of size, n, in each sample (in our case, 4 in each sample) is randomly
selected from this population. and

iii.

Separate samples of this same size are randomly selected from this population (in our
case, we dealt with one completely; went deep into the second, but abbreviated it due to
space and time, although one could extend to 3 or 4),

THEN
a. The distribution of the sample means, x_bar, will, as the sample size increases, meaning,
from 4 to 5 presidents in our example, approach a normal distribution
b. The Mean (or average) of the sample means, that is, the 9.9 or 10 we got above, will
stand for the population

72

c. The standard deviation of the means, that is, the degrees of difference (s) that one or
more of the elements in a sample will show, will be the standard deviation of the entire
population.
Lets clarify this, in the case of our claim against Americo-Liberian presidents, if for
example, President William R. Tolbert (1971 1980) was included in any one of the
samples, he would have produced a serious variance, dispersion or outlying from the
average, but because he will be only one out of 4, the effect of his strong difference would
not badly impact the group of 4, and because only this one sample will be showing such
noticeable difference, its impact on the multiple samples tested will be very negligible in
terms of having bearings on our overall conclusions about Americo-Liberian presidents.
Here is a proof of why we say Bill Tolbert will produce a very significant outlying in
anyone set of the Americo-Liberian presidents sample of 4 that you place him in, taking
into account the 5 yardsticks of criminality that we used above:
Considering (a) and (b), as we explained above, forcible recruitment for both slavery and
domestic forced labor, subsided officially in the early 1960s when the Government of
Portugal disgraced Liberia through a formal complaint filed against the Liberian
Government to the International Labor Organization for the manner in which these mischief
making Black Americans were violating the Forced Labor Convention of 1950
(http://alhajikromahpage.org/alhajifirestone.htm). Prof. Joseph S. Guannu, in his book, A
Short History of the First Liberian Republic also disclosed that several reasons compelled
the Americo-Liberians to abolish their [criminal] Indirect Rule against the Liberian ethnic
populations in 1964, which include, among others, the fact that the issue of indirect rule
brought a serious embarrassment to Liberia in the hall of nations in 1964. That is, while on
the one hand Liberia was championing the cause of political and social justice in Africa
professedly, especially in South Africa (as she is always known for doing things criminally
pretentiously), she was judged guilty by foreign friends of these same [NASTY] injustices
against her own indigenous populations back home. This made funy Liberia so shame that
she had to formally abolish the indirect rule.
So, with respect to counts (a) and (b) of our statistical test criteria above, Bill Tolbert
started on a clean slate in 1971, and as a responsible and sincere president, he did nothing to
bring back those ugly memories, but instead, started exerting all efforts to erase this
traumatic experience from the minds of those suffering the legacies, i.e. the Yarkpawolos.
For example, one tool used by the Americo-Liberians to exploit the indigenous populations
so mercilessly was the criminal Firestone Deal. Tolbert moved quickly to institute
ambitious changes and amendments to the Firestone Concession Agreement so that the
country, as a whole can start receiving tangible benefits from this hundreds of millions to
billions of dollars business project. His government did so through its Finance Minister,
Stephen Tolbert. Two years into office, Steve announced that the Tolbert Government was
pursuing a revision of the Firestone Contract with the following objectives:

73

1. To increase government revenue by eliminating the privileges granting Firestone

exemptions for the payment of several dues, charges and taxes
2. To improve the revenues of independent Liberian rubber farmers selling their
produce to Firestone by providing a fair price of their latex and dry rubber
3. To establish basic rules to aid the future development of Liberian rubber processing
and manufacturing plants
4. To integrate Firestones enclave economy into the national economy
5. To stimulate the Liberianization of services and supplies, staff and other personnel
6. To encourage the participation and creation of viable communities; and
7. To modernize and update the 99 year agreement
Because the Firestone Management apparently knew that the Tolbert Government didnt
consist of a group of mere grandstanding sycophants, but was made up largely of principleminded professionals from the head himself down, Firestone defiantly and arrogantly
responded to this request for the amendment and wrote an 8 page communication stating
among other things that the Government of Liberia should first pay to Firestone all amounts
owed on prior price support loans to local growers , and government should take full cost of
the buildings and other facilities for all persons on the plantation performing governmental
services etc. As a result of Firestones list of flimsy excuses against the reforms or
amendments, a subsequent meeting between the Government of Liberia and the Firestone
local management witnessed a full view of Steve Tolberts power and anger, resulting into
an apology coming from Firestone corporate management team abroad. But sadly and
suspiciously, few months after this incident, before the amendments could finally be
tweaked and concluded for signature, Steve Tolbert mysteriously died in a plane crash. But
in the midst of this fatal intimidation, the Tolbert Government still managed to procure
some changes in the agreement, which included among others: (a) the original 1 million
acres were slashed to 289,000 acres. (b) the government took back the right of mining
within the subsoil of the plantation (c) the company and all of its employees were now
subject to paying some income taxes and export and import duties etc. These new, tweaked
amendments were signed in 1976, sadly after the death of the initiator, Steve Tolbert, and
50 years into Firestones economic feast over the countrys resources
(http://alhajikromahpage.org/alhajifirestone.htm etc.).
In addition to improving social justice with respect to (a) and (b) of our statistical testing
criteria above, it is clear that US President John F. Kennedys Peace Corps Program, in the
early 1960s, started liberalizing the area of education in Liberia, such that the vast
indigenous majority of the country (which the small Americo-Liberian elite and power
owners had planned strategically to keep blind forever) started to see light bit by bit. As a
result of their gradual exposure through this program, President Tubman was constrained to
allow some Natives enter government though at the lowest possible rung of governmental
ladder. According to Dr. James Ciment, through some personal interaction he had with the
president, Bill Tubman expressed fears at the scale at which Natives were entering

74

government, stating out rightly to Dr. Ciment, [I am afraid], I am committing a political

suicide. (http://online.wsj.com). But Tolbert, not fearing a political suicide like his
predecessor, incorporated more indigenous into government, and at even higher levels in
the corridors of power, unlike any administration before him in the over one and a half
century history of the country. Tolbert, apart from having Jackson Doe for instance as the
first Native Education Minister of the country, even wanted Doe to become his vice
president, but history says, the Americo-Liberian True Whig Party Old Guards fought this
possibility tooth and nail. Moreover, Tolbert launched an overseas scholarship program that
incorporated more indigenous Liberians than all other presidents before him combined,
according to reliable sources. With respect to point (c) of our statistical criteria, which has
to do with wantonly exploiting our precious natural resources through bogus concession
deals, we have no substantial information about any new concession agreements that
Tolbert signed, but his handling of the Firestone Contract alone speaks volume about how
prudent he was concerning the handling of the countrys resources and thus, the economy of
the country.
With respect to points (d) and (e), which focus heavily on cheating, dishonesty, and
corruption, these are some of what Tolbert inherited and how he went about handling them:
About 14 or more of the 22 Americo-Liberian presidents (or presidential administrations) of
this country thus far, including Madam Sirleaf, who had to switch allegiance because of
power greed, belonged to the True Whig Party. The professed stance of this party against
corruption and other forms of malpractices was enshrined in an election brochure they
published in 1971, excerpted as follows, The principal object of the party is to provide
government for the state, and the soundest formula in pursuit of this objective is good
governance. Among the most destructive of evils against governments anywhere [and
therefore good governance though] are dishonesty and corrupt practices, which have a
tendency not only to erode the effectiveness of government, but also to demoralize the body
politic .. (Honesty in Government, 1971 Election Guide of the True Whig Party, Published
by the Age Publishing Company in Monrovia).
But while Tolberts predecessor, Mr. Bill Tubman, the man who bore the standards for 27
unbroken years in the presidency for this party with such a strong position statement, had
completely muddied the water of honesty, these are some of the ways Tolbert had to step in:
a. While poor civil servants meager monthly salaries were being subjected by Tubmans
Government to compulsory deductions per month at two fronts some going as dues to
the True Whig Party, while some were going as contribution to Tubmans annual
birthday celebration, Tolbert, upon assuming the presidency, abolished both deductions,
and instead increased civil servants salaries (A Short History Of the First Liberian
Republic)
b. While the whole country never convincingly owned a single ship or plane, as it
continues to remain so today, Tubman owned an expensive private yacht. Tolbert, upon

75

assuming office sold this yacht and placed the proceeds into governments coffers,
according to reliable sources
c. Tubman, apart from the countrys numerous security groups, had his own private
intelligence group, the Public Relations Officers/PROs, on governments payroll,
secretly gathering information on, and about Tubmans open and would-be opponents or
political enemies. Tolbert abolished this service also.(idem)
d. Tubman changed the electoral provision of two term limit and was now in office for life.
Tolbert changed this provision and brought in a one term limit of ten years (idem) etc.
We could go on listing more of Tolberts extraordinary performance and honest plans for all
Liberians here, but lets pause. However with the few above, once Tolbert is placed in any
one sample of 4 Americo-Liberian presidents, that sample will deviate a bit from the rest of
the other samples, but as we said earlier, such deviation, though major, in a group of 20,
will not significantly impact the population average. Moreover, from all the information
thus far, from primary and secondary sources, no president, let alone Americo-Liberian
president in this country, in its 194 years of existence, matches Tolbert in his positive,
ambitious and nationalistic traits. If anyone wants to dispute this, then the challenge is yours
to investigate why he is being placed on the countrys present biggest denomination of
paper currency, the L$100. For such a huge positive dispersion from the Americo-Liberian
presidents negative population average, Tolbert was rewarded with the most brutal and
gruesome of murders ever of a sitting Liberian president, allegedly with some American
backing, as evidenced by the level of support that Tolberts alleged assassin, Samuel Doe,
began receiving shortly after his enterprise.
Because the principles of statistics are widely used in many different disciplines for
different purposes as we mentioned earlier, it can also be used at different advanced
application and testing levels. To this end, several tests can be conducted, depending on
ones knowledge and expertise and also depending on the phenomena and hypotheses being
tested. Among these many tests are for example, the Sign Test, One Proportion z-test,
paired t-test, two-sample z-test, one sample z-test, chi-squared test for variance, statistical
significance test etc. We are not listing them here to blind you with science, but to reinforce
our argument that we need to take all of them seriously and empirically apply them to
different situations as they come our way because those who worked for sleepless nights
inventing these different tests and formulas never meant them for waste, but for applications
to improve our lives and the lives of generations ahead. There are just two options in life
forget about education and keep guessing about everything else, like what the AmericoLiberians have thought this society to do by half, or choose education and employ its
principles practically every step of the way to take you from the natural state of existence to
an advanced, high quality level, which God Himself approves because knowledge comes
from Him. There is no standing in the middle about this reality, like the doomed case with
Americo-Liberia.

76

Imagine we just applied the most basic of statistics many principles, the Central Limit
Theorem above. The same test we conducted on our claim that Americo-Liberian
presidents are hardcore criminals using the much simpler principles of Central Limit
Theorem could be placed into a more sophisticated hypothesis testing framework, also
called a Confirmatory Data Analysis framework, wherein we could enhance our test with
such concepts or tools like a degree of confidence, a significance level, a standard score
or z-score, some critical values, a specified margin of error etc., all under the canopy of
a bell curve or a Gaussian Distribution curve, and we will still come up with the same
results as above. But for the sake of simplicity and brevity, we will stop here.
Now, as a nation and a people, if we were actually proving Dr. Ciment, Mr. Brown and Mr.
ORouke wrong with regards to their respective claims against us, as: (a) having a thwarted
and twisted modus operandi, (b) merely memorizing theories and not knowing their
practical powers in changing our lives, and (c) failing to take history seriously which means
we will not also succeed in Statistics and Business etc., we would have by now heavily
leveraged the key concepts of Statistics to guide our political, social, educational, economic
etc. decisions. When objective statistical researches are done and their results proven
overtime, in line with the principles of Learning By Doing, policy makers can utilize
these results to craft meaningful legislations or the courts can come up with objective
rulings that impact the lives of the people, no matter what class or sector of society or which
subjects in general the legislations or court rulings affect. If this was the case with us for
example, Liberia would have by now barred through the courts or other due process, the
Americo-Liberians from occupying any public office for a specific period of time so as
afford them some time and opportunity to get rehabilitated and much more refined, if
possible, if they are to ever hold public office in the future. Liberia will not be the only
country in the world to objectively apply such concept. There are many of such actions that
have been taken elsewhere on the globe to help societies recover and make progress. Lets
just enumerate a few here:
According to Dr. Johanna Kristin Birnir, when elements of Catholic background were
observed and established to have repeatedly perpetrated violence against the people of
Northern Ireland, they were singled out and barred from politics for 50 years. For some
other reason, the Sardinian and the South Tyrolinian Ethnic groups have been out of public
service for 50 years each in Italy. When elements from the Kurdish Ethnic group-backed
Democratic Society Party (DTE) were convicted by the courts of committing terroristic acts
against the Turks, and the courts [also established through some form of statistics] that the
DTE had been a focal point or source from which the commission of such acts now
abounded, the DTE was banned from politics for some specified time (CNN). The Greek
Government banned the far-right Golden Dawn party through the courts for among other
things, the partys link to the murder of a leading leftwing musician, Pavlos Fyssas (cka
Killah P) in 2013, according to the UK Guardian Newspaper. Croatian right winged parties,
in 2013 voted to ban the Cyrillic Language from being taught in schools in the City of
Vukovar, Croatia, because of what the city suffered when it was besieged and destroyed by

77

Serb forces in 1991 (www.insideserbia.info). WHAT WILL HAPPEN IN THIS

WONDERFUL PLACE IF THE AMERICO-LBERIANS AND ALL THEIR
CONNECTIONS ARE BANNED FROM POLITICS FOR 100 YEARS THROUGH
SOME CONSTRUCTIVE TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE PROCESS AS WE WILL BE
TOUCHING ON LATER?
We have discussed almost all of the key disciplines that Liberia has been offering in her
school system since the establishment of this so-called nation state almost 200 years ago,
with some of the disciplines being newly introduced though, so as to help all of us assess
our countrys strengths at Learning By Doing. It is now time for us to put all this into
another different perspective, or, for us to view things, using these knowledge, with a
different lens.
We are pleased to therefore include here a civil umbrella movement of professionals that
should comprise members with expertise in all of the disciplines mentioned above and
many more, who come together with the sole intent of working to prevail upon government
to do the right things based on these theoretical concepts from different disciplines. This
kind of pressure, exerted from outside of government helps create a more dignified,
civilized and productive society. The body of ideas responsible for such civil pressure,
along with its corresponding institutions is called Civil Society.
X.

CIVIL SOCIETY

The contemporary meaning of the term civil society is sometimes contested. It is seldom
considered to include the family and the private sphere, and also referred to as the third
sector of society, distinct from government and business. But dictionary.coms 21 st century
Lexicon defines Civil Society as: (a) The aggregate of non-governmental organizations and
institutions that manifests the interests and will of the citizens, and (b) Individuals and
organizations in a society which are independent of the government.
Volunteering is often considered a defining characteristic of the organizations that
constitute civil society, which in turn are often called non-governmental organizations or
non-profit organizations. The concept of Civil Society in pre-modern classical republican
understanding is usually connected to the early-modern thought of the Age of
Enlightenment in the 18th century. However, it has a much older history in the realm of
political thought. Generally, civil society has been referred to as a political association
governing social conflict through the imposition of rules that restrain citizens from harming
one another. In the classical period, the concept was used as a synonym for the good
society, and seen as indistinguishable from the state. For instance, Socrates taught that
conflicts within society should be resolved through public arguments using dialectics, a
form of rational dialog to uncover the truth. According to Socrates, public argument
through dialectics was imperative to ensure civility within the polis (city or state) and a
good life for the people. For Plato, an ideal State was a just society in which people

78

dedicated themselves to the common good, practiced civic virtues of wisdom, courage,
moderation, and justice, and perform the occupational role to which they were best suited.
Critical points from the introduction above that we must take keen note of before moving
forward include:
a) A civil umbrella movement of professionals that should have members with expertise in
mixed disciplines, who come together to prevail upon government to do the right things
based on the true theoretical concepts from academic and other disciplines so as to foster
a more dignified, civilized and productive society
b) Groups that manifest the interests and will of the citizens
c) People who volunteer and are not concerned about earning profit
d) Major theme originating from the Age of Enlightenment.. Please note the age of
enlightenment, also called the Age of Reasoning, was a cultural movement of
intellectuals beginning the late 17th century and moving on to the 18th century in Europe,
who emphasized reasoning and individualism rather than tradition. Enlightenment
activities used advanced knowledge through scientific method and intellectual
interchange to challenge grounded ideas, traditions, and superstitions. The
Enlightenment idea was a revolution in human thought, and it underpinned the
American Revolutionary War of Independence, the French Declaration of the Rights of
Man and of Citizens, and the Polish-Lithuanian Constitution of 1791 among others.
(www.wikipedia.org)
e) Governing social conflict through the imposition of rules that constrain citizens from
harming one another
f) Synonymous with good society
g) Imperatively uses dialectics or logical argumentation to resolve societal conflicts
h) Imperatively uses dialectics and rational dialog to uncover the truths
If all of these points are considered to be factual about civil society, and if it is true that we
MUST learn by doing, then from all indications, the onus of building a stronger and better
society rests heavily on the shoulders of civil society, which comprises professionals (some
retired), like politicians, economists, lawyers, educators, statisticians, philosophers, general
scientists, religious practitioners etc. in a big body of general advocates.
Societies that understand this trick of the trade have left fellow human counterparts far
behind in life. Since almost everything about Liberia seems to be photocopied from
America directly (although with a blatant abandonment of all of the very positive aspects of
the American dream, owing to the sad fact that Liberias part of societal forerunners are
criminals), lets expound a bit on how America used the idea and concepts of a strong civil
society to place themselves far above all others. Although these institutions sometimes had
to push government against the wall in America, they largely won the cooperation of

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government in helping to build a near perfect human society that people from almost all
parts of the planet now flock for greener pasture.
ISSUES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ADVOCACY USING HISTORY AS THE SOURCE
OF ARGUMENT
Before getting into the merits and demerits of our Liberian civil society issues, lets once
again get a recap of the entire conception of Liberia. Once upon a time in human history
between the 13th and 16th centuries (officially), and then later into the 17th and 18th centuries
(somewhat unofficially) Europeans came to all walks of Africa and cheaply bought ablebodied Blacks from tribal chiefs through some form of threats and coercion, chained these
able-bodied young men and women together in huge ships and carried them to Europe to
use them as slaves to work on huge plantations and other public and private projects. Later
when the New World was discovered and Europeans began to move in to America, some of
them carried along their slaves, while others were already settled in America before joining
fellow Europeans to continue purchasing slaves from Africa to work their huge plantations
and public works projects. There are even historical accounts that the great American White
House was built by slave labor. After several centuries of extremely hard work and social
interactions, the Americans and Europeans established that these Blacks were fellow human
beings that aspired to dignified lives too like themselves, the Whites, and so the Whites
started some debates about abolishing this way of procuring and using Blacks like tools or
pets. But before these debates could intensify by the 1700s to the early 1800s, slave owners
were already experiencing pockets of slave resistances because these Blacks started
knowing themselves as human beings that deserved fair treatment too after few generations
of procreation; and so, as these debates intensified, rebellious Blacks were further
strengthened. With the passage of time, these pockets of resistances soon turned into very
violent riots, skirmishes, or even small scale wars. Criminals then took advantage of these
disturbances and started terrorizing the American Society in the name of resisting slavery,
so much so that by the time America could even outlaw the practice of slavery in 1808
(Liberian History Up to 1847), criminals had mobilized more criminals, and by the year
1800, two major Black Rebellions had shaken the very foundation of the American State
the Carto Rebellion of Charleston, South Carolina in 1740 and the Gabriel Prosser
Rebellion of 1800 (www.wikipedia.org).
This outlawing of the slave institution by President Thomas Jefferson in 1808 did not go
down well with the South, which contained bulk of the rural areas of America at the time,
and where people mainly engaged in huge plantation farming, while depending on these
slaves to work these farms. So the South heavily resisted the freeing of slaves
(manumission), and later even had to go to war with the North for almost 5 years on this
issue of maintaining their slaves, although few law-abiding Southerners had let loose their
slaves by then. In fact this became the only all-inclusive, full scale Civil War to the best
of our knowledge in all of Americas over 200 years of existence. This resistance by the
South turned their territory into the epicenter of violent Black rebellion activities, as the

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criminals taking advantage of this opportunity already now had a strong ground at the
formal abolition of slavery. Lets not forget to mention here quickly that Blacks that were
still held in slavery when the practice was outlawed had the right to put up some form of
protests, but how to conduct these resistance and protests is a whole different conversation.
Having said that, concerns began to brew all around about how to curb these waves of slave
rebellions turned criminal disturbances, which now threatened the peace and security of the
American society so substantially. British American Businessman Paul Coffee started a
campaign of repatriating free blacks to Africa in small numbers in an effort to decongest the
American Society of these people, whose presence was a disincentive for Southern slave
owners whose farms and others projects were still been worked by slaves. How people
qualified for Paul Coffees repatriation program, which had a business undertone, is again
another topic to look at. But after carefully assessing the Paul Coffee repatriation model
and learning about how Great Britain successfully shipped and resettled 300 of their
former slaves along with 70 white prostitutes on the West African coastal peninsula of
Sierra Lone in 1787 (Liberian History Up To 1847), a group of Southern slave owners,
farmers and businessmen, who were feeling the brunt of these kinds of slave disturbances
decided to get together, form a non-governmental organization, solicit money from all
walks of this fear-stricken American Society, including Congress, which was already
involved with the debate, to be able to systematically round up dangerous, criminal
elements (the bad apples among the Blacks) to find a distant location and dump them there.
This was the objective of the American Colonization Society (ACS) - established in a
meeting late December 1816 at the Davis Hotel in Washington DC, attended by actors such
as Robert Findley, Bushord Washington, Elijah Caldwell, Charles F. Mercer, Henry Clay,
John Randolph, Richard Bland Lee, James Monroe, Francis Scott Key, Andrew Jackson
and Daniel Webster, almost all, if not absolutely all, of which were Southern slave owners
who
had
vehemently
refused
to
manumit
(set
free)
their
slaves
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_colonization_society, www.theperspective.org ).
In all, the southerners in general, and some key founders and members of the ACS in
particular, came up with four main adjectives to use as yardsticks in rounding up proven
bad apples of the Black communities (some of which apparently were already in detention
as hard-core criminals), and the four adjectives are criminally oriented, morally lax,
mentally
inferior
and
promoters
of
mischief
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_colonization_society).
As we said earlier, the threats posed by these elements was causing so much security risks
to the existence of America that Congress had to place this issue under the spotlight.
According to a scanned copy of the April 12, 1817 edition of an American Periodical, The
Niles Weekly Register posted at http://www.liberiapastandpresent.org), in the US
Congress, many discussions were held before the American Government decided to support
the so-called Back To Africa Operation. According to this paper, various
representatives (or Congressmen) argued that the colonization of these people in Africa had

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a distinct character; was different from the continuous extension of settlements, territories,
and colonies by the White immigrant populations that laid the foundation for Americas
growth and territorial expansion (He who has ears to hear, let him hear!) A congressional
report also featured in this newspaper read.. Hence, it seems manifest that these people
cannot be colonized within the limits of the United States. If they were not far distant
(meaning, if we do not dump them far off), the rapidly extending settlements of our White
inhabitants would soon reach them, AND THE EVIL NOW FELT [TODAY], WOULD
BE RENEWED, PROBABLY WITH AGGRAVATED MISCHIEF (Note Readers:
Please Read this statement over and over and again to digests it well, and begin connecting
the dots to reach present day Liberias situation!!!!!)
Several historical accounts corroborate that this was the modus operandi of the so-called
ACS repatriation exercise, and not some voluntary resettlement activity, to free black
people from slavery, let alone, to come and preach the serene, just, honest and dignified
gospel of God. According to this same Niles Weekly Register or liberiapastandpresent.org,
the motives behind these ACS efforts (to round up and dump blacks and peoples of color to
Africa) were often far from philanthropic. According to www.theperspective.org, ACS used
force. This media outlet also corroborates the claims of the mental inferiority and moral
laxity etc. of these people, as we mentioned above from the ACS website. This media outlet
says for example, those who made the trips with the ACS. were in the state of mental
weightlessness and not zeta transformed etc.
To prove that America was really embarrassed with these outcasts and wanted them out at
all costs, when negotiations for the first piece of land on which to settle these people on the
Grain Coast, specifically, Cape Mesurado, started dragging into deadlock, after an already
failed attempt in Sierra Leone, agents acting both on behalf of the US Government and the
American Colonization Society resorted to some forms of armed robbery, criminal
coercion, and tricks and addifice to acquire the land from our ethnic forefathers, the
Bassa, Dei etc. Kings, to settle their social pariahs. Liberian History Up to 1847,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_colonization_society etc. all have accounts of how
Captain Robertfield Stockton of the USS Alligator Battleship had placed his warship in
combat gear, docked it at the shore near Cape Mesurado, drawn up his pistol and pointed it
at the head of the most resistant African King to the land deal, King Peter, during the
Second Ducor Contract discussions, after he and Navy Surgeon Eli Ayres had previously
lied to the African Kings that they wanted to settle their Black immigrants down for a while
at the Cape, to immediately start tracing their rightful original homes around the Africa
Continent, in order to send them there later.
When the Americans successfully arm robbed what they would call Liberia today, and
settled down their rotten apples, the earlier fear expressed by Congress according to the
Niles Weekly Register of April 1817, about the probable aggravated mischief that these
people will unleash as a culture, soon came into a full realization. According to many
historical sources, including the book, A Short History Of the First Liberian Republic, pg 4,

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these so-called pioneers met on ground, well established, 16 different African Ethnic groups
of their own race and complexion, from whom in fact, they got the very piece of land on
which they were now settled, although through hook or crook. But sadly, as embossed
within their DNAs, these illiterate, poor, skill-less Black criminals now inaugurated their
own culture, as was earlier predicted, of ethnocentrism, sectionalism, marginalization,
and all sorts of criminalities, hard to conceive in human history and these became the
very foundation of their so-called new nation, Liberia.
The so-called Americo-Liberians, upon full settlement, and with the explicit support of their
principal, the American Government, now argued that members of the Ethnic communities,
from which they forced land to get settled illegally, were not in fact actual human beings,
but were instead wild beasts. As we mentioned somewhere earlier, Jo M. Sullivan of the
Cambridge Public Schools in Massachusetts, in his critique of the settlers perception or
description of the realities on ground on the Grain Coast when they first arrived here in the
early 19th century, highlighted the sad characterizations of the indigenous people by the
pioneers. These characterizations and descriptions are presented in the book, This is our
dark country: The American Settlers of Liberia, 2002, written by Catherine Reef. Mr.
Sullivan criticizes for example, how the so-called settlers used phrases such as: building a
nation in the wilderness, surviving in the wilderness, etc. He said, in Reefs description
of the region, she gave preference to animals before even making mention of a local people.
Among the many descriptions of the local people included wild beasts, barbarians,
savages etc. in the past, even by the countrys first president, Mr. Joseph Jenkins Roberts.
In the book, Liberia, the West African Republic (1950), Richard and Doris Henries
narrate that upon their arrival from bondage in the 19th century, the so-called free slaves met
on the Grain Coast, only savages (wild beasts) and through many years of settlers
sacrifice, these savages started becoming civilized (A Short History of the First Liberian
Republic). Moreover, A. Doris Banks Henries, in a formal Civics textbook she authored for
Liberian schools in 1966, 146 years after the settlers arrival, still referred to us, the local
people of this country as savages, and this national text book was called Civics for Liberian
Schools, 1966.
They excluded this vast community of 16 Ethnic African savages in all national
arrangements, and considered them non-citizens for half a century, even up to now. The
nations name, symbols, awards, emblems etc., none represent any interests of the 16
indigenous savage communities to date. At the occasion of their Mickey Mouse
sovereignty arrangements in 1847, they adopted a declaration of independence, whose
introductory statement (which turned out to be the preamble of their first constitution)
reads, We the people of the Republic of Liberia are originally from the United States of
North America In this document the pioneers, as a basis for establishing their country,
implicitly stated that they had come to seek a vicious vendetta against the African ethnic
groups for how they (the free slaves) were ill-treated by the Whites in America (A Short
History of the First Liberian Republic, p.2).

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To these ends, there are numerous accounts of how everything else in this Liberia is
intended to work against the undiluted indigenous man. Here are just a few proofs:
1. New York-based History Professor, Dr. James Ciment, who both studied about Liberia
and then traveled to the country to give his research findings more empirical weight said
these, among others (http://online.wsj.com):
a) The Americo-Liberians tried to recreate a social order like the antebellum Americas
South, setting themselves up as the master class and the vast indigenous population
as the slave class. Note: The word tried above, is still working in its present
progressive.
b) He said, in his interactions with the people of the country, Americo-Liberians were
accused in every quarter of widely being in the business of trafficking and leasing
out indigenous peoples into slavery
c) Dr. Ciment described the Americo-Liberian treatment of the indigenous peoples as
the countrys (Liberias) ORIGINAL SIN.
2. A Wikipedia account suggests that the framers of Liberia had designed their country to
[perpetually] be governed by a small minority African American colonists and their
offspring, while suppressing the largely indigenous majority
3. A British charity, Conciliation Resources or CR, in their release on Liberia, in the
1990s or so, entitled, Working for Peace Together, disclosed that Liberia has a very
serious unresolved past. This is how the group put their claim, Looking beyond its
immediate triggers, the Liberian conflict can be seen as a brutal culmination of the
countrys unresolved past. The group then claimed that the Americo-Liberians
achieved their political, social, and economic dominance over the indigenous people
through the institutions that they set up, including the Judiciary [in fact the entire
government], plus the business associations and other clubs and fraternal institutions
including the Ancient and Accepted Masons etc.
4. According to http://archive.org/stream/liberiadescription, the worst things, after all,
about Liberia, are largely due to the descent (or migration) of the Americo-Liberians to
this land
5. The League of Nations capped all this up in their 1930 - 1931 report when they made
this claim about the Americo-Liberian treatment or approach towards the indigenous
people. According to the League, the Liberian Government was in the business of
systematically fostering and encouraging a policy of gross intimidation and suppression
of the Native in order to prevent him from asserting himself in any way whatsoever, for
the benefit of the dominant and colonizing race, although originally of the same African
stock as themselves

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This brief history summarizing the long terrible 200 year-old tale of Liberia is intended to
make the point that in order to impact and shape a society, civil society actors must first
know the details about that society well before taking any steps. Marisa Mayer says, Geeks
are people who love something so much that all the details matter.
ISSUES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ADVOCACY USING RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AS
THE SOURCE OF ARGUMENT
With this said, lets look at how civil society in this country could have handled things
differently if the three claims we have been trying to validate or disprove in all this work
were lies. Remember Mr. Hugh Brown suggested that the Americo-Liberian mentality
about higher education was merely to memorize theories from the Whiteman without
putting these theories into practice; Dr. James Ciment said Liberia is a country with a
twisted approach and thwarted modus operandi, while journalist P.J. ORouke argues
that once we dont know our history well, we would also not do well in our English and
Maths.
So first, from the perspective of religion, bodies of knowledge that center around our
Creator, His Precepts and Principles, and that govern all of us equally, lets see how we
have been handling things for the past 200 years now. Emphasis is placed on Christianity
and Islam here because they are Liberias two popular or dominant religions.
(1) At face value, any reasonable person can establish that all of the ideas put into the
Liberian national project were deeply rooted in, and mixed with LIES, LIES, and LIES,
from the very establishment of ACS in December 1816 in Washington DC, to every effort
being exerted by the Ellen-led government up to this 2017, aimed at nation building. In
other words, the principle, or trick from the beginning has been, Construct a little white lie
and get some current and pressing embarrassments off your/our backs today, and this lie
will wipe itself out gradually as we go on, or in the future. But America and the AmericoLiberians have sadly not known, or probably, have been ignoring the fact, that each little
white lie grows over time and forms alliances or mergers with subsequent similar lies to
form a big mass of lies that becomes very difficult to escape or subdue as the Liberian
situation has now turned into so complex and intricate that it takes only a whole
revolution to wipe out these age-old, deeply rooted lies that keep replicating themselves all
across our country, generations after another. For example, the Americans, in a dire urge to
rid their society of proven dangerous Black elements, constructed this little white lie that
they cared so much both for dark Africa and poor freed slaves; and so, they were sending
these people into bigger freedom to help Christianize and Civilize Africa. But today,
everybody knows that the lie in this statement smells all across Liberia and Africa as a
whole. 200 years on, Liberia remains a very dark part of Africa and a very uncivilized
society, with its citizens largely headed for Hell en masse sorrowfully due to a thwarted
vision of almost everything, including the very gospel of God. No group of people on this
planet is probably ignoring their consciences just to survive for today equal to the people of
this country sadly.

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a) To this point, a devout and sincere Muslim in civil society could have by now,
established as a target, since 1822, that these lies must be rooted out first before we can
make any genuine progress because each lie replicates itself to the extent that lies have
totally engulfed the country. In fact, lie is the mother of corruption and all other dirty
deeds. The backing of this/these Muslims is that our Creator terribly hates a lying
tongue. There are several Quranic verses that speak to this fact, 3 of which include: (i)
Surat 2:42, which reads, And do not cloak (or confuse) the truth with falsehood. Do
not suppress the truth knowingly. (ii) Surat 40:28 Indeed, Allah does not guide one
who is a transgressor and liar, and (iii) Surat 28:77 And do not desire corruption in
the land. Indeed, God does not like corruption.
b) In Christendom, it is taught that God hates LIE so much that He and Lucifer could no
longer cope in Heaven, for which Lucifer was driven out. King Solomon, in Proverbs
6:16-19, strongly stresses that God hates lies and mischief making so much. This is how
he put it: (16) These six things doth the Lord hate, yea, seven are an abomination unto
Him. (17) A proud look, a lying tongue, and hands that share innocent blood. (18) Heart
that deviseth wicked imaginations, feet that be swift into running into mischief. (19)
A false witness that speaketh lies, and he that soweth discord among brethren.
Dear readers, what difference can we draw from these descriptions and those of the quality
of people America decided to weed out of their society to dump them on our poor Grain
Coast, according to the Niles Weekly Registers April 12, 1817s edition, and Wikipedia?
And if one would argue that these are mere writings driven by sentimentality and
subjectivity, 200 years on, of immense opportunities to disprove these claims, what have the
Americo-Liberians done quite differently from these very strong claims?
(2) The next point of argument or consideration that bold men of religious conscience
should have sought to get clarity from the Americans about is, whether theres any spiritual,
moral, or even legal teaching that empowers a human authority or a parent etc. to dump
their troublesome, criminal, or perceived less productive subjects or children over another
whole group of helpless people in the first place? And if this were to happen for some other
wrong reason, should it have been done without equally providing an impartial and
objective means by which the two groups could coexist at their optimal potentials side by
side, instead of standing by one to brutally and cruelly suppress the helpless other group?
Every solution thus far that the Quran and the Bible have provided about handling a
disobedient or criminal child, citizen, or subject, is discipline, discipline, discipline, or
punishment, punishment, and punishment, and not ostracism or banishment or out casting
which are actions for God Himself to take and not man . For our human corrective justice
system, it is all about strong disciplining, mixed with good rehabilitation efforts.
a) This is why, as we mentioned earlier, Imam Mohammed Balanonleat, in a speech he
delivered at the Islamic Center in North Carolina in June 2009, entitled Islam is the
Dean of Discipline, made inter-alia the following key points:

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o The regulation of mans conduct within ones system of life is one of the most important
[sources] of success and stability
o The absence of this regulation is one of the greatest crises that man suffers in life, and
this absence of regulation happens when man is left without guidance from Allah
(SWT), or without proper upbringing based on that divine guidance. Under these
circumstances, mans life becomes miserable on this Earth, and he will also sadly be
among the losers in the Hereafter (like the case of Liberia now)
o The mercy of Allah (SWT) is that He did not leave man without a system to regulate his
conduct and behavior, so He sent legislation to make mans life the best on this Earth
and so that man will be happy in this life and the Hereafter
(http://islam1.org/khutub/dean_of_discipline).
b) With respect to Biblical or Christianic teachings, King Solomon establishes that
foolishness, stubbornness, or other sorts of evils are stuck in the heart of the child
(human beings, here), and it takes the rod of correction to take these evils out (Prov.
22:15). In the same book of Proverbs (13:24; 19:18; 23:13-14 etc.), King Solomon
stressed that we should never spare the rod and allow the child (i.e. our subjects, as
authorities) to have their own way because in the end, they will both bring us disgrace
and will drive themselves into Hell ultimately. King David too taught that both the staff
and the rod are always necessary in the life of the sheep, which figuratively refers to
human life here (Ps. 23:4). Even in the New Testament, God sees the discipline of
parents (also referring to authorities) as a worthy method which produces the harvests of
righteousness and peace for those who have been trained by it. (Hebrews 12:7-11) etc.
(3) The final thing, although there are many more, that we need to place into a serious
religious perspective here is the issue of national foundation, something, which when not
properly built or laid by design, the only option left is to painfully go back and redo it, and
in the case of a nation or anything else for that matter, doing this rebuilding using Gods
universal principles (honesty, mutual respect, justice etc.). There is no two ways about this
if you want to ever succeed in this life, and not remain an enduring embarrassment among
others forever, like the Americo-Liberian country, Liberia, has been and will always be if
not dismantled and redone. The facts already presented above, including much more to
come as we go along, establish the sad reality that Liberias foundation sits over the
treacherous quicksands of Lies, Ethnocentrism, Bloodletting, Corruption etc. What do all
religious teachings say about such foundations?
(a)Islam strongly teaches that anything, including a nation, not built on a solid foundation is
bound to fall, or will never take root and flourish. Lets look at these two Quranic verses,
among many: (i) Moshin Khan, translating Surat 9:109 (Surat l-tawbah or the
repentance) says, Is it then he, who laid the foundation of his building on piety to Allah
and His good pleasure, better, or he who laid the foundation of his building on an
undermined brink of a precipice, ready to crumble down, so that it crumbled to pieces with

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him into the fire of Hell. And God guides not the people who are the Zalimun (the cruel,
violent, proud, polytheist, wrongdoers etc.) (http://corpus.quran.com.) A further emphasis
laid by Hesham A. Hassaballah, a Chicago-based columnist and also a religious writer, on
how we can distinguish the fruits of entities with well laid foundations from those without
one, is drawn from Surat 14:24-26, which reads, Art thou not aware how God set forth the
parable of a good word? [It is] like a good tree, firmly rooted, [reaching out] with its
branches towards the sky, and yielding its fruits at all times by its Lords leave. And [thus,
it is that] God propounds parables unto humanity, so that they may bethink themselves [of
the truth]. And the parable of a corrupt word is that of a corrupt tree, torn up [from its roots]
onto the face of the Earth, wholly unable to endure. (b) Just as Surat 14:24 26 above talks
about God speaking to us, humanity, in parables, Jesus Christ, in Luke 6:46 49 had this to
say to humanity concerning the ultimate importance of a well laid foundation. He said, (46)
Why do you call Me Lord, Lord, and yet dont do what I tell you? (47) Anyone who comes
to me and listens to My words and obeys them I will show you what he is like: (48) He is
like a man, who, in building his house, dug deep and laid the foundation on rock. The river
overflowed and hit that house, but could not shake it because it was well built. (49) But
anyone who hears My words and does not obey them is like a man who built his house
without laying a foundation [meaning, without laying a solid foundation]. When the flood
hit that house, it fell at once and what a terrible crash that was.
Before we close up the religious perspectives of our civil society debates here, the four
questions remain:
1. Does this Liberia have a solid foundation, when for example, every little storm or
contentious issue turns out into a calamity that will ravage the country for years; when
every now and then it is rebuilding things that no one sees? Look at Ebola, for example,
a virus which first stroke the world since 1976 is reported to have only killed less than
450 persons within its almost 40 year history, but just by touching Liberia in its latest
outbreak, almost 10,000 persons have lost their lives in the Mano River Basin, with
Liberia alone accounting for almost 50% of these deaths. None of the more than 4
outbreaks according to reports has ever lasted for up to 6 months, but the latest outbreak
which hit Liberia and its neighbors has lasted for over a year. What probably do these
kinds of records suggest?
2. Are we, as religious people satisfied with this national foundation?
3. Should we leave it as it is, until God comes back, or until He concludes this life?
4. Wouldnt any of these questions or concerns form some of the matrices against which
God would judge us especially those of us that have eyes to see? Remember He said to
whom much is given much is expected!
ISSUES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ADVOCACY USING OTHER CONCEPTS IN THE
HUMANITIES AS THE SOURCE OF ARGUMENT

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This takes us to the other two sections of our civil society debates the section looking at
national issues from the perspective of those with expertise in the humanities (Liberias
lifeblood), and with expertise in the area of business, as we did with the Liberia Learning
By Doing Culture Assessment above.
Therefore, this first section of the Liberian Civil society performance benchmarking will be
focusing generally on the areas of public administration, law, political science, sociology
etc. Note: We are aware that Public Administration formally falls within Business
Administration, but we have decided to just put a few of its concepts into the realms of the
humanities here.
A.

SOCIAL CONTRACT

Just as wedlock for example, is an eternal contract between a man and a woman unless
formally broken, a state or a country is a social contract between an umbrella system or
authority and individual citizens. Wikipedia defines social contract as a body of arguments
claiming that individuals have agreed either in writing or in some willful cooperation to
surrender some of their freedoms to an authority or a ruler or a magistrate or a majority, in
exchange for the protection of their remaining rights. It is also referred to as a political
contract that defines the origin of a society and validates the legitimacy of the state over
individuals within a specific territorial confine. This idea too is a product of the Age of
Enlightenment. So, for example, if I agree to be called a citizen of Liberia, then a handshake
relationship has been established between me and the authorities (government of Liberia),
wherein, I must surrender certain of my natural rights and perform certain duties, while they
too are compelled to do for me certain things. Putting this into the real life perspective for
example, I, as a citizen of Liberia, bound by this social contract that my forefathers agreed
to, that forms the origin of the Liberian state, am supposed to do the following:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

Respect constituted authority

Respect public property
Always keep being informed
Ensure that my government performs its duties well
Vote
Ensure that I help improve my community
Cooperate with government
Promote the image of my government
Serve in my government etc.

But as a matter of this social contract being a two-way street, government first must ensure
that I am fit or empowered to perform all these duties and responsibilities above. Therefore,
government must provide for the following services, among others, as a matter of
compulsion or legality:

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Education - As a precondition to all of the above, government MUST provide me quality

and compulsory education, without which I will not be able to optimally do any of the
above, or will not do them at all
Security government must provide a secure environment for me to live without any form
of fear
Social Service national authority must provide all of the basic social services. Weve
already named schools, but this list includes health, transportation, water supply,
electricity supply etc. all of which are needed by all citizens, and not a few, like the
Liberian social contract shamefully handles hers.
Justice government must provide a justice system that all must trust and be running to, for
recourse and the redress of their issues, with a proven assurance and track record that no
one is above the law
Freedom a country is more successful, and its citizens more productive when they are
free to think for themselves
General Empowerment it is the binding duty of a government through the national social
contract to empower all of its citizens in different areas of life and at different levels, such
as in business, employment opportunity etc. To this point, Mrs. Obama said some time ago
that, among other things, the essence of holding leadership positions [referring mainly to
governments] was about creating strong traditions that will honor the humanity and dignity
of every individual; empower all, and not a few; and ensure that all individuals fulfill every
last bit of their God-given potentials etc.
Socrates (through Platos dialogue, Citro), is credited for developing the idea of a social
contract, whereby people ought to follow the rules of a society, and accept its burdens
because they live to accept its benefits. The 18th century French writer Jean-Jacques
Rousseau, in his book, Du Contrat Social or Principes du Droits Politique (translated as
Social Contract) wrote extensively about the idea of social contract between the governors
and governed as the foundation of society. For his part, British Politician and Social Analyst
John Rawls, on his perspective about social contract said among others that governments
which fail to provide for the welfare of their citizens in line with the principles of justice
are just not legitimate.
Having laid the premise that a nation state MUST start off as a social contract between each
citizen (the subjects) and the governing authorities, lets legally define a contract, and then
throw some light on the arguments surrounding Liberias part of social contract.
The simplest legal definition of a contract is an agreement between two or more competent
parties, based on mutual promises to do, or to refrain from doing something which is neither
illegal nor impossible. Although a social contracts definition adds to this basic contract

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definition; in law, there are 6 elements of a legally complete contract, inclusive of a social
contract, and these 6 elements are as follows:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Offer
Acceptance
Mutual Consent
Capacity
Consideration
Legality

In legal terms, the mutual exchange of benefits on the one hand, and the required sacrifice
to attain this benefit on the other hand, constitute a consideration. If a valid offer meets a
valid consent or acceptance, then Mutual Assent or Consent, or a Meeting of Minds has
been achieved etc.
Importantly, we must also know that all parties to a contract must stand in probity
(truthfulness, righteousness, honesty etc.) to one another; which also extends to the fact
that, each must have a legally recognized interest in the subject of the contract if they must
be bound to the terms of the contract. Additionally, it is important to know that contractual
characteristics fall under four main categories:

Valid or Voidable contract

Unilateral or Bilateral Contract
Expressed or Implied Contract
Formal or Informal Contract

Notes: (a) It is possible, though difficult, for one contract to possess characteristics from
each of these four categories. For example, one contract could be considered valid,
unilateral, expressed and formal, while another could be considered voidable, bilateral,
implied and informal etc. (b) A valid contract is legally binding and fully enforceable by
law, but a voidable contract is one that may be easily cancelled or avoided by anyone party
at any time along the way. It is unenforceable. (c) A unilateral contract is one in which one
party makes a promise to do something in return for an act of one sort. In contrast, a
bilateral contract is one in which two parties, or the both parties make promises and obtain
acceptances. (d) Contracts can either be explicitly agreed upon in writing or through some
established form of cooperation. (e) Formal contracts follow some statutes or common law
procedures while informal contracts dont generally follow laid down rules as to such things
as language, form, or construction.
Now lets see how some of these legal theories apply to our 1847 Liberian Social Contract,
drawn up by the Americo-Liberian forefathers, heavily assisted by Harvard Law School
Professor John Simon Greenleaf at a long June 25 to July 25, so-called constitutional
convention convened in Monrovia with its outcomes formally approved at a claimed place
of worship, the Providence Baptist Church in Monrovia (Liberian History Up to 1847).

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According to this same historical source, when the so-called pioneers came here, because of
earlier language barrier, they sometimes paid interpreters to ease communications between
them and the local people. At one point, one John S. Mill, a British trader served as
interpreter between the local people and the Johnsons and Roberts. As time passed, some
form of easy or common interactions started to subsist between these two groups. Some
historical accounts have it that even one of the Liberian Colonial Governors, Joseph
Mechlin, even got used to selling liquor to, or drinking liquor with the local people around
the 1830s. But when the time reached (25 years into these kinds of interactions, although
strained ones, between the pioneers and the local people) for the society to lay its
foundation through a social contract at the Declaration of Independence, the Johnsons and
Grippons once more argued that the likes of King Kanda Njola (representing the Golas),
King Kai and Bah Gworo (both representing the Dei Ethnic people) etc. were animals or
non-entities that didnt deserve a voice at the Constitutional Convention. Even their strong
supporters during the armed robbery ceremonies at the Second Ducor Contract 26 years
back, in December of 1821, Kings Ba Caia (representing one of the tribes) and Sao Boso
(representing the Mandingoes) etc. now became savages whose voices were NEVER
needed at the Constitutional Convention. It was only eleven (11) members of the small
Americo-Liberian community, including Elijah Johnson, John Lewis, John Grippon etc.
who held the convention that born their so-called new country, Liberia (Liberian History Up
to 1847).
Consequently, their country took on a name, a seal, a motto, a flag etc. and everything else
that only articulated the interest of one (the very questionable one) out of 17 different ethnic
communities or groups. And interestingly, this reality still remains untouched to date, 160+
years on, with a strong determination by their descendants to continue with this into the rest
of the future. GOD FORBID!!!!!
Prudent legal minds within civil society should have by now established the many grave
legal implications surrounding these facts about Liberias social contract, the very basis of
the Liberian society some of which are as follows:
First off, based on the classifications of contracts we made above, Liberia is not a valid
social contract, but a voidable one; it is not a bilateral social contract, but a unilateral one;
it is not an expressed social contract, but a somewhat implied one through some form of
coercion and duress; and it is not formal social contract, but instead an informal one. Each
one of these four categories on its own is enough for the abandonment of any contract
along the way at any point in time. For example, a voidable contract has no legal
enforceability thats why for instance it took a blasting or lambasting of the League of
Nations in 1930 before the Liberian Government started building few miles of substandard
dirt roads and a few substandard government schools and clinics in the leeward counties (A
Short History of the First Liberian Republic).

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In almost 200 years, Liberia has got no reliable educational, health or any sector for that
matter working properly for the people. From the perspective of the government of Liberia,
these are not matters of compulsion, and consequently, the quality of citizens too can tell
that the immense benefits a state is supposed to receive in return from its citizens (in the
form of progressive taxes, nationalism, patriotism, innovation, productivity etc.) can never
be realized too. The Liberia Social Contract is a unilateral one because the small cruel and
dull Americo-Liberian ruling elite is the only fake promisor and offeror with no formal
acceptance from the vast indigenous community etc. In short, this is a very vulnerable
contract that can be terminated at any time, and this anytime of course, has come. Taking
the John Rawls view of social contract into consideration, the Liberian government
indeed is illegitimate. And illegitimate things must be ultimately done away with!!!
B.

FORM OF GOVERNMENT OR AUTHORIITY DEMOCRACY

Liberia professed to be a democracy from its very founding in 1822. Moreover, according
to history, Liberia had her first democratic election on September 27, 1847, just within two
months after their declaration of independence. Lets now rumble through what truly
constitutes a democracy, so as to help us establish whether by now, our civil society actors
would have long since picked some serious bones with this so-called democracy, and by
now would have fought to ensure that it has been tweaked long since. Lets please restrict
our discussions here to 7 out of the 9 key themes of democracy as provided in an online
article entitled, Democracy, Learning from the Iraqi Experience. But first, a simple
dictionary definition of democracy states that it is a form of government in which the
highest power is held by the people, through their representatives. It is a belief and practice
of the idea that all people are equal. Now, our 7 key democratic themes or issues of concern
are as follows:
(1)Legitimacy democracy is the only form of government that more people around the
world now view as legitimate when it is being practiced in its truest and honest form. 30
years ago, only a quarter of the worlds nations were democracies. But today, about 60% or
around 120 countries (meaning, 3 out of every 5 countries) choose their leaders in relatively
free, fair, and multiparty elections, although we must be quick to clarify here that not all
countries that hold elections are democracies. People of every religious faith ranging from
Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism etc all aspire to live in free and democratic
societies. This is because democracy, as said earlier, is widely viewed as being morally
legitimate and suitable for satisfying international covenants on civil and political rights.
But very importantly, a democracy is only as legitimate as the underlying national social
contract as we discussed earlier.
(2) Government Authority Flows From the People, and this authority is based upon their
consent the people within a democracy can criticize and replace their elected leaders and
representatives at any time and through some due process (petition, impeachment, election
etc.) if these leaders and representatives do not perform well. The people are sovereign

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they are the highest and the government is based upon their will. Elected representatives
at the national and local levels must listen to the people and be responsive to their needs at
all times.
(3) Citizens Participation the key role of citizens in a democracy is participation. This
required participation takes many different forms. Citizens have the obligation to become
informed about public issues, and to express their opinions. Participation also involves
voting in elections, debating national issues, attending community meetings, staging
protests on any key national issues, getting involved with private, voluntary organizations
etc. However, political participation within a democracy must be peaceful, respectful of the
law, and tolerant of the different views of other groups and individuals. Liberia, for
example, only thrives heavily on one subcomponent (voting) of this main component of
Citizens Participation.
(4) Due Process of Law in a democracy, anyone accused of a crime has the right to fair,
speedy, and public trial. Just because someone is accused of a crime or offense does not
mean that he loses his rights.
(5) In a Democracy, Laws and Procedures Apply fairly and equally to all citizens the
lifeblood of a democracy is the rule of law, and not the rule of individuals. This rule of law
protects the rights of all citizens, maintains order, and limits the power of government. All
citizens are equal under the law.
(6) Separation Of Powers and Judicial Independence a form of government is never a
democracy unless there exists an actual and honest practice of the concept of the separation
of powers, a true culture of checks and balances, the doctrine of judicial review, and the
acknowledgement of the supremacy of the constitution. A system that upholds these key
principles merely on paper and through lip service, like Liberia, is not a democracy. For
example, the Legislature must manifest the authority of appropriating funds used by
government, the approval or confirmation of only qualified appointed government officials,
and they must demonstrate their able authority of limiting or expanding the power of the
Executive Branch or the jurisdiction of the Judiciary. The Executive for her part must show
proof that she can ably and justifiably veto legislations from the Legislature and veto
decisions from the Judiciary; and, the Judiciary must be keen enough at reviewing every bit
of both Executive and Legislative actions to determine their constitutionality. This overall
revision power is what makes the Judiciary to be referred to in a democracy as the General
Overseer of the government and society. All these efforts are intended to serve the interest
and wellbeing of the ordinary man in the street.
(7) Federalism more and more democracies are now adopting federalism, or some form
of palpable decentralization. According to this principle, each government function should
be performed by the lowest level of government that is capable of performing that function
effectively. For example, only the National/Federal government can print money, conduct
foreign policy, manage trade and borders, and provide for the nations defense. But local

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matters such as the provision of basic social services within the communities can best be
managed by local and provincial governments. Local authorities are able to better know and
respond to the immediate needs and interests of their citizens. Decentralization promotes
national unity by distributing power and resources more fairly around the country, bringing
government closer to the people, and allowing local communities take some control over
their own affairs. Democracy is more stable when power is devolved along geographical
lines and not according to sectarian division. Owing to their innate culture of greed,
corruption and cruelty etc., the Americo-Liberians have stuck to a so-called unitary
democracy just for their small elite (sitting in Monrovia) to remain in charge of all the
power and resources of the country.
The conclusion of these 7 key points constituting a democracy takes us to the next phase of
our discussion on democracy that is, to highlight two of the key, if not the two most
significant lubricants that MUST always be around to keep greasing the engine of
democracy. Without them, democracy is just a big engine sitting, that will head for
nowhere, and they are social justice and social capital with both again, slightly separate,
but highly related.
(1)SOCIAL JUSTICE
According to Wikipedia, social justice pertains to how societies distribute their collective
wealth to each citizen and how they share the opportunities within the country with each
citizen. In short, all citizens need and deserve some equitable and measurable access to the
wealth, opportunities and privileges that a country has. But in order for social justice to
work, a state assigns rights and duties to institutions within the society, and this assignment
helps determine how individual citizens receive the basic benefits and burdens of
cooperation. The relevant bodies can include separate institutions focused on things such as
education, healthcare, social security, labor rights, as well as those focused on a broader
system of public service, progressive taxation, regulated markets etc. all geared towards
ensuring fair distribution of the countrys wealth, equality of its opportunities, and ensuring
that there exists no such thing as an unjustifiable inequality of income.
The current fulcrum of social justice is the development of the human potential. When
Thomas Paine wrote in his book, The Rights Of Man (1792), he argued that society should
give genius a fair and universal chance. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, social
justice became an important theme in American political and legal philosophies,
particularly with John Dewey, Roscoe Pound, and Louis Brandeis. In the late 20th century,
social justice was made central to the philosophy of the social contract, primarily by John
Rawls in his book, A theory of Justice (1971). In 1993, the Vienna Declaration and
Program of Action pronounced that social justice be treated as the purpose for human rights
education. Even with an earlier heavier weight, the International Labor Organizations
preamble declared that universal lasting peace can only be established if it is based on
social justice.

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The Americans have known these facts long since, and have been aware that to be ahead of
the curve in democracy, a people must attach very serious attention to social justice. To
practicalise their belief, based on the different social justice institutions and their different
institutional responsibilities as we named above, these are some of the ways America has
been ably going about things. But first, it is necessary for you to be informed that since their
foundation in the 1700s, America, according to the book, Public Policy: Continuity and
Change, Second Edition, has been experiencing five social justice schools of thought
regimes or paradigms, though theyve been referring to theirs as social welfare policy
regimes. These regimes in some instances had very different approaches, especially from
the onset, to handling issues of social justice; but later, on many occasions, they became
strong enhancements of immediately preceding regimes. The American welfare policy
regimes have been as follows:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

The Preindustrial Regime (1700s 1870)

The Industrial Regime (1870 1900)
The Progressive Regime (1900 1935)
The New Deal Regime (1935 1970)
The Great Society Regime (1970 present)

It is the industrial policy regime that began taking institutional approaches to societal wide
social justice issues. For example, during this regime, civil society, which also includes
people of political backgrounds, as we said earlier, managed to prevail upon government to
construct numerous housing units for poor families, construct orphanage homes for
orphanages; and many charitable and other organizations were born. All of these efforts
were chiefly geared towards institutionally tackling societal issues of poverty, diseases etc.
especially among the less fortunate. The Progressive Social Justice Policy Regime, whose
chief entrepreneur was President Theodore Roosevelt, and continued on to the age of
President Franklin Roosevelt, expanded upon the social welfare programs of the Industrial
Policy Regime. By this time, several civil society movements, including municipal and
social reformers had their separate attentions on different issues across society, including
cleaning up corrupt city governments, straightening up civil service systems, advocating the
8-hour workday, securing a minimum wage legislation, advocating unemployment
compensation, establishing workers and labor unions across different industries,
negotiating working conditions at different industries, and advocating many more
antipoverty and social programs at the institutional level. Key civil society advocates during
this era included labor unionists (Eugene Debs, for example), Muckrakers (journalists who
were strong social critics, Upton Sinclair, for example) etc. Then came the New Deal
Social Welfare Policy Regime, which was chiefly engineered or supported by President
Franklin D. Roosevelt. This policy regime improved upon Progressive programs and added
new ones, heavily employing the principles and theories being proffered by British
Economist, John Maynard Keynes. According to Keynes, full employment and stable prices
can best be achieved in a Mixed Economy that incorporates both capitalism and active
government controls not the Laissez Faire type. From the New Deal perspective, this

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meant stimulating the American economy through more government-created jobs and
government cash transfer payments, which would ultimately place more money into the
hands of the consumers, and the government did just that. For example, government began
employing all sorts of labor on public projects such as building roads, bridges, ports, public
buildings, and clearing bushes for Agriculture and other projects etc. The great Civil Rights
movements, which didnt focus on racial segregation alone, but issues such as antipoverty
and decent work environment, also sprang up during the New Deal Policy Regime. The
Great Society, the last and current thus far, as far as our knowledge can reach, though
formally recorded to have begun from 1970, owes its entrepreneurship to President John F.
Kennedy and his Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, but with President Johnson being
credited because he did the further planning and implementation after the death of his boss.
President Johnson took the center stage when he formally declared war on poverty in the
1960s. All of these happened, and continue to happen with civil actors and institutions
placing serious pressures on governments by holding their feet to the fire at every level. For
example, in the 1930s, a number of cities like New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago etc.
experienced huge strike actions and riots over issues of food, rent, healthcare, and
unemployment. (Piven and Cloward, 1979).
It is important to note here that the aggressive social justice efforts that characterized the
last days of the Progressive Regime and the beginning of the New Deal Regime were
underpinned by the massive poverty, unemployment, and misery produced by the Great
Depression of 1939 41. It was this phenomenon that triggered huge rent strikes, food riots,
labor wars etc. and spawned multiple grassroots movements among the poor, unemployed
and even employed workers, with all demanding more expansive social welfare programs
and national policy solutions.
Lets now add a little bit of specificity to how America has been handling some of the key
social justice-related issues through institutional approaches all through these different
policy regimes:
(A)Education America attaches so much importance to education because of its direct
impact on everything we do, and need to do. America also keenly acknowledges that not
every family can afford to pay for quality education for their kids, so government takes a
huge lead in the issue of education by among others, ensuring the following:
Proper regulation of all educational resources and facilities
Tuition loans are available to students where applicable, through institutions like the
Sallie Mae (or the Student Loan Marketing Association)
Parents reportedly fall into trouble for not sending their children to school because there
are several assistance programs catering to poor families, including the Temporary
Assistance for Needy Family (an assistance scheme created by the Personal
Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act instituted under President Clinton in 1996 and

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intended to provide cash assistance to American families with dependent children,

which actually is a replacement of an earlier institution with similar function that was
called the Assistance for Families with Dependent Children, or the AFDC), the
Childrens Defense Fund (founded in 1973 that works with communities and policy
makers to lift children out of poverty, protect them from abuse and neglect, ensure they
have access to healthcare and quality education, and to provide them a moral and
spiritual foundation to help them succeed etc.) etc.
The government understands that hunger or any issue of food should never be a problem
for school going kids or students in general. To this effect, the School Nutrition Program
was established just after World War II. It subsidizes school lunches for low-income
students. Apart from this separate school lunch program, Congress, in 1966, created
another program, this time exclusively to handle school breakfast.
(B) Anti-Poverty Efforts one of Americas most powerful social justice advocates, also an
intellectual leader during the American Revolution, Thomas Paine, argued that no human
deserved remaining in the state of nature and as such, government must be responsible for
shifting the nations wealth downwards. He believed that helping poor people improve their
lives should not just be considered a matter of charity but instead a government obligation.
American governments have upheld, and are determined to uphold this injunction forever.
As we mentioned earlier, by the time of the industrial policy regime, public housing was
constructed massively for low income and poor families, orphanage homes were
constructed and well-funded etc. The government however established that the very first
step to tackle poverty though, was to tackle hunger. So in an effort to ensure that every
family can eat 3 square meals a day, no matter how poor one may be, Federal Government
launched the Food Stamp Program in 1939, experimented with it for about 4 years, and then
revived it permanently by the 1960s. In fact, Congress passed the second Food Stamp Act
in 1964, which created a program administered by the Department of Agriculture. Food
stamps are distributed according to this Act on the basis of need, in addition to income and
family size. Then another food stamp act was passed by Congress in 1977 that made food
stamps available for low-income families. This program serves in two ways provides food
coupons to proven poor families free of charge in the first category, then provides another
set of food coupons with little price tag for low income earners. These coupons are used to
obtain food from business centers.
During the New Deal Era, new organizations such as the Welfare Rights Organization and
the Welfare Rights Unions emerged. These organizations demanded that government
should expand the Assistance For Families With Dependent Children (AFDC), which later
changed to TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) benefits and relax strong
eligibility rules to make it easier for women in need to obtain benefits. President Lyndon B.
Johnson announced his war on poverty in the 1960s. Congress, among others, established
the Women, Infant and Children Program (WIC), which entitled women who are pregnant

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or had infant children to obtain vouchers for milk, eggs, cheese, baby formulas and other
food items.
There was also the National Organization for Women (NOW), which exclusively paid
attention to womens plight nationwide. A major feature of President Lyndon B. Johnsons
War on Poverty was the political empowerment of poor people through community action
agencies. Community Action Agencies gave low income residents an avenue to develop
their communities and to negotiate with local governments [for possible refund]. By 1974,
many of these programs were combined with slum clearance and economic development
programs to form the Community Development Block Grant etc.
In 1973, Congress passed the Public Housing Act. This program initially provided billions
of dollars to build and subsidize high rise apartments for low income families. Many of
these apartments were built in high poverty, inner-city areas of the nations largest cities.
Also in the early 1970s, President Nixon established a housing voucher program called
Section 8, which provided vouchers for low income families seeking homes in the private
rental market. Today, Section 8 serves more families than the public housing program. Still
on poverty issues, in 1933, Congress established the Federal Surplus Relief Corporation.
This agency was responsible for distributing surplus commodities to poor families. These
commodities included surplus food, coal, and blankets.
(C) Unemployment Issues Several national organizations of the unemployed emerged by
the mid-1930s. The Unemployed Council of the USA (1930), the Federation of
Unemployed Workers League of America (1932), the Eastern Federation of Unemployed
and Emergency Workers (1934), and the Workers Alliance of America (1934) etc. are some
of these organizations. By the end of 1936, the National Workers Alliance of America
(NWAC or NWAA) claimed 1,600 local branches with 600,000 members in 43 states
(Piven & Cloward, 1979, 76) all of which were considered civil society institutions.
Leaders of the NWAA demanded an increase in relief benefits, the establishment of a
federal relief program, the creation of a federal unemployment benefits scheme, and a
federal housing assistance scheme. To directly get involved with the issue of
unemployment, government employed different strategies. For example, as we mentioned
earlier, in some of the New Deal Keynesian Economic approaches, government employed
hundreds of thousands of workers of all sorts to work on public projects such as the
building of roads, dams, air and sea ports, bridges etc. and the clearance of bushes for
agricultural and other purposes. Institutions administering these mass short and medium
term work opportunities included the Civil Conservation Corps (CCC), the Work Progress
Administration (WPA), and the Public Works Administration (PWA). CCC provided
conservation jobs such as planting trees. Most WPA and PWA jobs involved constructing
public buildings. For example, in Toledo, Ohio, WPA workers built many of the structures
of the University of Toledo campus, the Toledo Zoo, and others. For those citizens who still
could not be absorbed into these short and medium term work programs or those who for
one genuine reason or the other lost their jobs, some form of unemployment compensation

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was made available to them. There was, and continues to be different nationwide job
training and career development programs to cater to them. The Manpower Development
and Training Act, for example, allocated federal money to local agencies to provide job
training for unemployed individuals. Congress established the Summer Employment
Program for low-income teenagers. The Nixon Administration consolidated these programs
into a block grant under the Comprehensive Empowerment and Training Act (CETA) of
1973. CETA expanded throughout the 1970s. CETA ended in 1983 when Congress enacted
the Job Training Partnership Act, which saw Federal dollars flowing from Washington to
states JTPs offices, and were redistributed throughout the states more broadly than under
CETA etc.
(D) Employment/Retirement Conditions The Social Security Act of 1935 was a hallmark
of President Roosevelts Social programs. One of the key employment incentives stressed
and demanded by civil society was the issue of a definite minimum wage regime. To this
effect, Congress approved the first minimum wage of $4.25 per hour in 1954. By 1996,
this amount increased to $4.75 per hour, and shortly after that, in 1997, it was raised to
$5.15 per hour. By 2012, minimum wage was increased in the United States, according to
Wikipedia, to $7.25 per hour, meaning that the lowest paid worker in America by 2012
earned around $58 per day; $290 per week; $1,160 per month; and $13,920 per year, a
person, by US Human Development standards today, that might still be considered poor,
depending on his family size. According to the US 2007 poverty assessment index, a family
of four, earning anything below $19,230 was considered poor.
The Old Age Assistance Program was a national version of the Old Age Pension program
formerly administered by state governments. It is now known as the Social Security
Program, and has gradually expanded. In 1939, Congress added survivors and dependents
for social security recipients to the program. Later, it became the Old Age Survivors,
Disabilities and Health Insurance Program or OASSHH.
(E) Healthcare From the general social welfare perspective, America has not been so
impressive here. The 20th century saw two major healthcare regimes: the Solo Doctor of the
Progressive Era, and the Medicaid/Medicare Regime of both the New Deal and Great
Society Eras. Comprehensive national healthcare proposals were being introduced during
the Progressive regime and then again, during the New Deal, but all failed, as healthcare
largely remained a private affair between doctors and patients. State and local governments,
with some Federal support, assisted in the construction of hospitals, and provided some
form of minimum assistance to poor people for emergency hospital care. The American
Medical Association had fought bitterly in the past against any proposal for a national
healthcare system, which it characterized as socialized medicine, to be a violation of the
free market, and a dangerous interference with the private relationship between the doctor
and the patient. In 1965 however, the passage of Titles 18 and 20 of the Social Security Act,
which established Medicaid/Medicare, marked an outstanding policy change. Medicaid was
based on need, and was generally associated with the Temporary Assistance for Needy

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Families Program, or with nursing homes. It provided coverage for the disabled, for poor
families with children, and for the poor needing long-term home care. Medicare on the
other hand, was a health delivery service intended for the elderly, and was associated with
social security. The Bill Clinton Administration tweaked, and also added some piece to
these programs. President Bush added some prescription drug component. Efforts to
establish a more comprehensive or universal healthcare assistance program had however
been failing all through the 1990s. It is President Obama who has succeeded with this giant
aspect by the historic passage of his Affordable Healthcare Act or the Obama Care Act of
2013.
(F) Civil Rights Although the Civil Rights Policy Regime has been going through four
distinct stages the Slave Regime, the Reconstruction Regime, the Segregation Regime,
and the Fair Play Regime our principal focus will be on the transition from segregation to
fair play. Many purely civil society-based and mixed religious and civil society institutions
such as CORE (Congress of Racial Equality), SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership
Conference) and the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People) were active during this era. Both civil rights and industrial labor leaders had their
focus collaboratively placed on issues of poverty during this period. So the Civil Rights
Movements of the 1960s, especially, were not limited to Civil Rights issues alone, but also
to other social justice issues. The 1963 March on Washington for example, focused national
attention to poverty also. Before his assassination, Martin Luther King, Jr., member of the
SCLC and movements overall leader, had been addressing low income and poverty issues.
He was in fact assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, where he had gone to assist city
sanitation workers obtain a fair contract. The Civil Rights struggle produced a flood of
social justice and rights policies, most notably, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting
Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Play Housing Act of 1968 etc., along with many key
Supreme Court rulings tearing down racial segregation. The struggle also contributed to the
passage of the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965, and further encouraged the
springing up of other civil society movements such as the Native American Indian and
Women Movement. All these hugely shifted policy paradigms.
(2) SOCIAL CAPITAL
A second major ingredient that MUST be present before democracy can survive and
flourish is social capital. According to Putnam, 1993, Social Capital is the combination of
the generalized trusts, norms, reciprocities, and networks within a given society.
Generalized Trust refers to trust in other members of society; and, it is distinguished from
particularized trust, which refers to the trust that someone has in a family member or close
friends. Generalized Trust, which may further be categorized into different trust structures
such as political, social etc. trusts, is a very important aspect of civic cultures. It is a very
valuable social resource both for the individual and society. Without generalized trust,
society would never succeed in the cultivation and nurturing of key productive virtues such
as entrepreneurship, volunteering, self-rated health and happiness.

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Generalized trust lies at the very heart of social capital because it engenders all cooperative
behaviors and provides the platform for solving collective action problems. As it is well
known from standard non-cooperative game-theory, it makes no sense to support solutions
for the common good if you do not trust most other agents to do the same.
Generalized trust reduces uncertainty about the future. It increases the desire for people to
take risks for productive social change (Tyler, 2001). It boosts the harmonious functioning
of organizations and interactions by eliminating friction and minimizing the need for
bureaucratic structures that dictate the behavior of people who do not trust each other
(Limerick and Cunnington, 1993). More specifically, in the political sphere, generalized
trust (or political trust) allows citizens to join their forces in social and political groups,
and it enables them to come together in citizens initiatives more easily. In the social
sphere, generalized trust (social trusts) facilitates life in diverse societies, fosters acts of
tolerance and acceptance of others. Life in diverse societies is easier, happier and more
confident in the presence of this trust.
Generalized trust has been shown to be associated with economic development and growth.
Fukuyama discusses how trust influences the scales of firms. Knaack and Keefer
demonstrate how particularly generalized trust, compared to other characteristics of social
capital, is an important predictor of economic growth (1997). Zak and Knack show that
even controlling the various institutional aspects that facilitate investment and growth, such
as protection of property rights and contract enforceability, generalized trust is still an
important additional predictor of economic growth (Zak and Knack 2001).
The institution-centered accounts of social capital theory posit that for social capital to
flourish, it must be embedded in, and linked to formal political and legal institutions
(Berman 1997 etc.). According to this group of theorists, social capital does not exist
independently of politics or government. Instead, government policies and political
institutions create, channel and influence the amount and type of social capital. The
capacity of citizens to develop cooperative ties and establish social trust is according to this
account heavily influenced by the effects of government institutions and policies. This point
of view implies the fact that some form of institutional engineering is needed to foster
social capital.
Therefore, while it true that trust and confidence must equally be in institutions that are on
the representational side of the political system (i.e. The Legislature, Cabinets, Political
Parties etc.), trust and confidence demonstrate much greater significance on the
implementation side of the political system (mainly the Police and the Courts or the
Judiciary first, then other Executive Branch institutions, like those working in health and
education etc.). It is very crucial to note here that because of citizens natural and primary
concerns for their welfare, they tend to be much more dependent on the implementation
institutions, since these are the institutions that execute or implement public policies, than
those that are on the representational side, since these are more concerned with representing

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interests and ideologies. For example, to be protected by the police and courts, to get quality
healthcare and education for your children etc. are for many, issues of much more vital
concerns than debates going on in Congress or within political parties.
It is also key to establish here that this tendency of placing the burden of creating
generalized social trust more on these implementing institutions, especially the legal
branches or arms of the state (the police and the courts first) than on the other institutions
(for executing public policies such as educational and healthcare policies etc.) stems from
the fact that the operational scopes of these law and order-related implementing institutions
have many broad distinctions from other institutions of government. Three of the distinctive
characteristics of these implementing institutions (again, mainly, the police and the courts)
can be outlined here as follows:
They offer direct contact with ordinary citizens and street-level bureaucrats in an
everyday fashion and setting
Because of their all-encompassing socialization influence on citizens on the everyday
level, they reveal messages about, and demonstrate the level of procedural fairness in
government
They deal with the very basics of public goods human safety and security very
important aspects of citizens concerns
Even more specifically, compared to other political institutions, especially these
implementing institutions, the police and the courts have this importantly distinctive task
in the realm of social capital, which is, to detect and punish people, who in the game
theoretical parlance, use opportunistic strategies or treacherous behaviors to destroy
generalized trust. Still put simply, but with more emphasis, institutions of law and order
are responsible to detect and punish people at any level of society who are found to
be traitors, contract breakers, rogues, murderers etc. or people who do other noncooperative things that therefore should not be trusted. Thus, if citizens think that
these institutions of law are truly doing what they are supposed to be doing in a fair and
effective manner, then people will equally have the reason to believe that the chance of
someone getting away with treacherous behaviors is very slim a situation that will
create more generalized trust. However, lets emphasize here that it is not just the
efficiency alone with which treacherous behaviors are punished, but the fairness with
which these punishments are meted out. In summary, if citizens can trust the
institutional effectiveness and fairness of the Judicial system and the police, then ones
generalize trust in others can be facilitated.
Conclusively, a dysfunctional, corrupt, biased and unfair administrative system does not
allow any kind of trust to rise, and particularly prevents the development of trust between
individuals. Michael Woolcook writes, Rampant corruption, frustrating bureaucratic
delays, suppressed civil liberties, failure to safeguard property rights and uphold the rule of

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law, forces communities back on themselves, demanding that they supply privately and
informally what should have been delivered publicly and formally. Democracy dies as a
result. This is Liberias sad fate.
To date, the entire American society, as expressed through their institutions both at the
civil society and governmental levels, along with the White House itself, still strongly
uphold all of these, and many more beautiful social justice and social capital principles as
the lifeblood of their combined democratic, economic, and political superiority. They
continue to strengthen and sustain these, old, useful policies one way or the other. Just get a
gist of how the White House or the Worlds first family indirectly spoke to these combined
social justice and social capital related issues within the past few months:
a. Making remarks at the Mandela Washington Fellowship on July 28, 2014, according to
http://m.whitehouse.gov, President Obama succinctly placed his perspective on all of
these into a single context within this strong admonishment for Africa:
Responding to a Senegalese, President Obama said, Regardless of the resources a
country possesses, regardless of how talented the people are, if you do not have a basic
system of rule of law, of respect for civil rights and human rightsif there are not
laws in place by which everybody is equal under the law, so that there is not one set of
rules for the well-connected and another set of rules for the ordinary people etc. then it
is very rare [and I would add here, very impossible] for a country to succeed
b. According to the same source above, First Lady Michelle Obama, addressing this
identical fellowship two days later, made, among others, these three significant points,
bordering more on social justice, though contextually, that reflect what America has
stood for, and continues to stand for today. These three points are a MUST for any
country aspiring for sound stability and greatness. Mrs. Obama remarked:
No country can ever flourish if it stifles the potentials of its [own] people., [because]
in doing so, it deprives itself of the [many valuable] contributions required to come from
these [same] people
Holding leadership position is not about continuing old traditions that oppress and
exclude [but instead], it is about creating new traditions that honor the dignity and
humanity of every individual; it is about [fighting] to empower all, and not just some of
our people; [it is about helping our people] to fulfill every last bit of their God-given
potentials
We should be thrilled by the hope of raising the next generation to be stronger, smarter
and bolder than our own generation
But in our case, Liberia still has a different perspective about what constitutes social justice
and social capital. The many narratives and facts we have presented all through this work
and are still going to provide as we go along can speak to these very thwarted perspectives

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that Mama Liberia has about these concepts. However, lets briefly close this section with
an observation of our countrys perspective on social justice made by Liberian writer,
politician and businessman, Mr. Tuan Wleh, in his book, In the Cause of the People,
followed by what he thinks is the way forward. According to Mr. Wleh, Liberia still thrives
on the belief that economic development can be achieved void of social justice. Mr. Wleh
said, former True Whig Party Vice President Bishop Bennie Warner proved to be one of the
many priests of this myth when he(the Bishop) once said that the peasants and workers in
the interior or hinterland are not interested in the debates of the Legislature, the talks of
freedom of speech [and civil liberties] etc. Mr. Wleh then lamented, Apparently for the
Bishop and many others like him today, such liberties or freedoms and opportunities are
mere luxuries that can be done away with in our pursuit of economic prosperity. Mr. Wleh
then concludes that the Liberian masses today is a victim of an undeclared war of social
injustice, unfair distribution of the nations wealth, resources [and opportunities] etc. for
which the aftermaths continue to demonstrate themselves in high death rates and premature
old age. He finally warned that if this society is not changed radically the future will spell
more of doom and gloom.
C.

THE STATE VS. A BUSINESS ENTITY FROM THE CIVIL SOCIETY

PERSPECTIVE

Even though we have now established how Liberia has miserably flunked in handling the
three key pillars upon which the foundation of any true democratic society can be solidly
built (sound and valid social contract, backed by enduring social capital and social justice
mechanisms), in addition to the huge failure recorded by civil society in trying to identify
and solve these problems using principles and theories in the humanities, the countrys
performance in the area of business too has been a huge smoking gun for any civil society
actor, whether inexperienced or not, with a little background in business to determine ever
since that this country is doomed and gloomed. We are going to assume here that the issues
considered in gauging Liberias fate from the humanities perspectives above constitute the
first tier of social troubleshooting, and the next phase which focuses on business,
constitutes the second tier of social troubleshooting. Our assumption here also is that a civil
society actor who is not verse in disciplines like theology (religious education), history,
political science, sociology etc. should be the one at least knowledgeable in the business
areas (Economics, Accounting, Management, Statistics, Public Administration etc.). We
cannot include the natural sciences here because of the Americo-Liberians mental
incapacity to handle this knowledge area, which has effectively translated into their
countrys proven lack of interest and almost zero- achievement in these fields (the natural
sciences) as yet.
As we argued earlier, a nation, as a unit, is very similar to a business entity or company in
countless respects including the mandatory and effective use of management and
accounting functions, thus, making the idea of running government, to some extent, like
those of a business firm, to be a productive philosophy.

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Remember also that we earlier defined four of our main business courses in detail
somewhere in the text and threw light on their basics i.e. Economics was defined on page
38; Management, on page 54; Accounting on page 57; and Statistics on page 62, so in this
section we are just going to delve into a few of the many substantives of these disciplines,
including Public Administration principles in relations to governance.
(A) ISSUES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ADVOCACY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF
ECONOMICS
The arguments here are more of an extension of the economic theories and concepts we
brought to you earlier (i.e. page 37 54), which owe their source mainly to the McConnel,
Brue, Flynn Macroeconomics, 19th Edition text. We start thus, with the five fundamental
economic questions.
(1) As we said above, a society or market, whichever way we may want to refer to it, as we
made clear above, faces five economically fundamental questions that it must ably
answer in its beginning plans before moving forward as an entity, and these five
questions include:
What goods/services are we to produce (meaning, the goods/services that all citizens
will need first and foremost to move on with life)?
How much of these goods/services are we to produce (i.e. the quantities that will
cater to all, to an appreciable extent)?
How should we organize our production process (es) (i.e., should government, which
has all the powers and resources take the lead, or we should leave it, our wellbeing,
to private, most often incapacitated citizens, or foreigners, who are more concerned
only about their profits, profits, and profits)?
Who are to receive what output (i.e., is it everyone that we should be concerned
about, or only the Monrovia elite alone, with a complete disregard for what the
people there in Gborplay are eating or are enjoying in terms of social services)?
Can the system we choose today be flexible enough to adapt to changing times (or,
because we heard about one Laissez-Faire Capitalism, advanced by Adam Smith,
that faded out since the 1780s, in the mouth of our principals, America, and was
adopted in some twisted fashion by our forefather, Joseph Jenkins Roberts, since
1847, so we must stick to it forever)?
All of a nations economic problems during its entire existence on this planet play in
between these 5 basic questions. If the authorities of a nation take control of the answers to
these questions and aggressively address them consistently all through their existence, that
nation has succeeded, but if they CARELESSLY SIT BY like DULL LIBERIA and push
these responsibilities on incapacitated citizens or heavily self-interest seeking foreign
capitalists, in the name of some STUPID Laissez-faire capitalism, or still, FOOLISHLY
shift these responsibilities on the FAO, the World Bank, EU, etc., then that country is
doomed forever.

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The worlds greatest man currently, President Obama again, reemphasized this point in his
interaction with young and prospective African leaders in July 2014 at the White House
when he said, I think everybody recognizes that if you want sustained development,
sustained opportunity, and sustained self-determination, then the key is to own what is
produced, and be able to create jobs and opportunities organically and indigenously, and
then be able to meet the world on equal terms
Two key words used by President Obama worth noting with keenness here are organically
and indigenously. In our context, organically at this point means having parts or members
that work together as one whole, and not in the case of Liberia for example, where policies
are intended to benefit just a few; some officials of government work purposely just to be
able to buy their decent homes abroad and fly back home after work; some are just bent on
how to fatten their overseas bank accounts at all costs; while others are thinking about how
to improve the lives of their people Liberians. Such a disorganized team working at cross
purposes can NEVER SUCCEED. Indigenousness or indigeneity here has several economic
and cultural connotations, some of which are as follows:
The people who study cultures (anthropologists) describe indigenization as what
happens when locals of a country take something, specifically, a productive idea, from
outside and convert it to suit their use, positively. For example, Africanization,
Americanization, Liberianization etc.
In the world of politics, indigenization is a process through which non-Western cultures
redefine their Native ways of doing things by infusing much better foreign, mainly
Western ideas and methods, into such areas as Agricultural production and mass
marketing, for example.
One simple dictionary definition says indigenization means to adapt such things as
beliefs, customs etc. to local ways.
In one Economics program on Radio France International, to be specific, on the program,
Ecoute dici Ecoute dallieurs, a panelist was heard emphatically stating that the main
ideological premise of any genuine economic or developmental agenda must be based first
on the concept of production, production and production, especially production that can
cover most of our domestic consumption, using our indigenous entrepreneurial skills and
available capital, and not just consumption, consumption, consumption, especially of
imported commodities and services. Unfortunately, the Johnsons, Weeks, and Tubmans
Liberia has a different perspective of what constitutes an economic agenda or theory. In
Tuan Wlehs book, In the Cause of the People, Liberias chief economic argument all
through history and up to this point is as follows: .To achieve rapid economic growth, it
is necessary to have a high rate of investment. And, since the rate of savings in Liberia is so
low to facilitate such huge investment, the best thing to do is to finance our economic
growth through large imports of foreign capitals in the forms of grants, loans and foreign
direct investment. [Whats about industrialization?], he said the answer has been a big

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NO, NO! This view backed by its (Liberias) foreign partners and experts advice, makes
Liberian economists to agree and argue that the nations domestic market is too small or too
narrow to warrant the establishment of basic industries hence, we must only export raw
materials and wait for Gods time for the market to expand before we contemplate setting
up industries. The foreign experts and their Liberian protgs further argue that our country
lacks the skilled technicians required to man complex industries hence, we must generate
this type of manpower before we industrialize. That is why the government during the Age
of Tubman established the Liberia Industrial Freezone Authority (LIFZA), where foreign
companies come and assemble or package their goods for export, taking advantage of, in
the exact words of the LIFZA, our reliable and inexpensive workforce and our policy of
freedom from taxation, nationalization, currency and exchange controls, import and export
duties, government and labor pressures. It is through the pursuit of such strategy, the
experts tell us, that we shall be able to achieve economic development. This is the economic
strategy that Liberia still PITIFULLY thrives on today.
(2) Apart from ably handling the issue of the 5 main economic questions above, every
state authority or government has five major roles to actively play in order to keep society
stable and keep the economy fluid and progressive. In the absence of optimally playing
these roles, any government claiming economic growth is a criminal government, like the
Liberian Government. The five key roles of government in the economy, and the society in
general, are as follows:
(a) A responsible government must first set up the laws by which the society will live and
do business. And as obvious, for these laws to work best, they must be just and impartial. In
short, the government must set up a legal system that all citizens alike must be encouraged
and confident to run to at all times because of proven demonstration that no one is above
the law
(b) A responsible government must facilitate economic competition on a level playing field
that promotes entrepreneurship and innovation, and that empowers all citizens willing to
pursue entrepreneurial endeavors
(c) A responsible government should employ a structured mechanism that redistributes the
wealth of the country equitably and effectively. There are several ways of accomplishing
this, some of which include effecting good transfer payment regimes, making timely and
impartial market interventions, instituting affordable and impartial tax regimes, etc.
(d) A responsible government must be able to ably reallocate resources, especially during
occurrences like market failures and other economic shocks, to put these economic
inconveniences quickly under control and with minimal impacts.
(e) A responsible government must always feel the urgency to reduce such phenomena as
unemployment and inflation etc. to their barest minimum every time

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The question each civil society actor from an economic background is supposed to be
asking himself is whether the Liberian Government (each successive one for that matter) is
ever scoring any marks in any of these five key areas, and if not, then what can be done?
(3) GDP Growth, Economic Growth, Or Output Growth
These are all different ways of referring to a single rose, and that single rose of course is
addressing the question, how are you enriching your country through your productive
capacity? Another way to put this question is, what is the dollar value of all of the
goods/services your country can produce in a years time? etc. And when you are
answering this question, several key sources of your figures (since you will always answer
with figures) must include for example:
1. How many new workers (only in your country) were employed this year, or how many
are currently employed as of this year?
2. How many new factories were built and put into operations this year?
3. How much worth of goods/services were all of your factories combined, able to produce
this year?
4. How much worth of these goods/services was consumed in your country and how much
worth was exported this year?
5. How many concession companies are operating in your country, and how much worth of
goods/services did they produce and export this year?
6. Of the concession companies, how many are owned by you and how many are foreignowned?
7. Of the production done by these concession companies, how much worth is consumed
domestically?
8. How much worth of goods/services did you import this year?
9. How much worth of machinery, equipment and tools etc. were purchased this year, or
have been around, and in operations, up to this year for your use? etc.
The list is long, but the main goal that a country seeks to score after all these long
calculations however, is to realize truthfully that its productions are more than its
consumptions, and this positive score must be reflected practically or tangibly in two ways:
There must be an abundance of goods and services that people must see, and
Everybody must see and feel some improvement in the living standards of all your
citizens across your country, and not in one, old, dirty, so-called capital city.
But again, the point to stress here is that you must get involved, as a country with massive
production and massive revenue generation, just as a business enterprise is supposed to do.
Lets just look at two points here, out of the very many thwarted points of how Liberia sees
or approaches the issue of GDP growth:
(i) Employment/Unemployment The steps to creating employment opportunities and
reducing unemployment inarguably are first educating the workers, and second, creating

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more jobs. Education of workers happen both academically and vocationally. Now, every
historical account points to the painful fact that it has never been the intention of the
criminal Americo-Liberian elite of this country to have our citizens educated massively
since in fact over 95% of us are the Americo-Liberians perceived enemies the
indigenous people. This legacy persists today. Ten years into the very opportune and
heavily supported regime of Americo-Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, in this 21st
century, here is a summary of the scorecard of the Liberian Government with respect to
education:
1) In some schools, children still sit on the bare floor in most, or at least some parts of the
country to learn (Mr. George Wuo, Regional Education Officer, on ELBC, July 12,
2014; Mr. Thomas Doe-Nah, Civil Society Actor, on ELBC, February 6, 2015)
2) Teaching curricula in Liberia are very disjointed and disorganized they lack harmony
and coherence (Legiwood Rennie of ELBC, citing a publication done by Deputy
Education Minister Moses Jackson)
3) There are over 20,000 untrained and unqualified teachers on Liberias Ministry of
Educations small manpower payroll [teaching grade schools] (Deputy Education
Minister, Moses Jackson, on ELBC Super Morning Show of early February 2015)
4) Liberia is not at present ready to do the regional West African High Schools public test
called [WASSE] because the countrys educational standards are still far behind those
countries in the sub region currently doing these exams, including 1960 Sierra Leone,
Gambia etc. (Adolphus Jacobs, Monrovia Consolidated School Systems President, on
ELBC, December 22, 2014)
5) The quality of education in Liberia is never evaluated at all levels of the ladder,
especially at the pre-school, elementary and junior high levels (formative assessment),
but instead, it is only sadly evaluated at the top (summative assessment) (Deputy
Minister Moses Jackson, on ELBC, February 6, 2015)
6) The whole of Rivercess County, an almost 1,700 square miles of land, with over 200,
000 inhabitants has only one high school, which was reported to be terribly leaking in
early 2015 (Sen. Francis Paye, Rivercess County, ELBC, February 2015)
7) In Botswana for example, government allocates US$1 billion per annum for education,
but the Liberian Ministry of Education put in a yearly budget of US$90 million for
fiscal year 2014/2015. Government authorities slashed this budget request by half and
approved about US$45 million, an amount out of which $37 million goes to salary
payments. Had it not been for partners like the UN, the UNICEF and others, Liberia
would not have been talking about education [anymore]. This is according to Madam
Miatta Fahnbulleh, UNICEF Child & Maternal Health Ambassador, on Sky FM News,
February 19, 2015)

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8) After several times, all through her administration, of referring to the nations
educational system as a mess, ten years on, in her January 2015 state of the nations
address, Madam Sirleaf made, among several claims, the following observations about
the educational system of the country currently under her administration, .Lack of
qualified instructors, lack of facilities, and lack of supplies are some of the many
problems facing the educational system as evidenced by the mass failure of our
students in regional examinations, which were downgraded or made substandard to
match Liberias situationMeanwhile, the president of the Monrovia Consolidated
School System, Mr. Adolphus Jacobs is on record for claiming that his ministry (the
Education Ministry, through his agency, the MCSS) has about 1,000 well trained and
qualified teachers on the standby or in a reserved corps to attend to any eventuality. He
was addressing himself to the issue of teachers striking in protest of being arbitrarily
transferred around, and being reassigned to teach different courses outside of their areas
of specialization by him, Mr. Jacobs, out of emotion.
9) But observatory remarks in response to the presidents complaints and excuses about the
educational sector were made, among others, as follows:
I feel [disturbed] when I hear the president say that the educational system is a mess,
a mess that she is a part of. If this is a mess, [and a mess that you head and cant
impact], then why cant you pack off and leave.? (Madam Theresa Sheriff, Director
of Education of the Seventh Day Adventist School System, on Sky FM News, February
19, 2015)
When we spend US$80,000 to purchase one SUV (jeep) for a minister, and our
children are sitting on the bare floor to learn, then we are just being hypocritical to
complain about huge problems being in our educational system.Education needs a
revolution because Liberia is not going anywhere (Mr. Thomas Doe-Nah, ELBC,
February 6, 2015) .Mr. Nah sadly might not have known that it is the whole country that
needs revolution, and not the educational sector alone, as he may be seeing it.
Sister Mary Lorene Brown of the Catholic School System opined that selfishness
underpins all of this rigmarole, when she closed up her discussions at ELBC, on that
February 6, 2015 edition of the Super morning show by concluding, Selfishness
Reigns.
The big question here will be, whos acting selfish and against whom? Everything we are
discussing here, in every area of life for that matter, depends on quality education, so if
people, since 1822 to this 2017, will be so cruel with educational policies to this extent,
then one can imagine the kind of society that is being built.
So on the issue of empowering citizens for employment opportunities and massive job
creation potentials to spur GDP growth, Liberia must probably be performing some
miracles in the dark world for which she has been claiming economic growth of 8.7% per

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annum. As a result of this kind of very poor educational sector profile, foreign direct
investments coming into the country are compelled to bring in their own staff, and employ
just very few Liberians mainly to do some of their entry-level and sometimes their odd jobs.
The government, which is the only industry the country has known since its establishment
194 years ago, is also compelled to import most of its high-level employees, people, who
due to the countrys lack of working systems, just steal the nations resources and send it
back to where their interests and treasures lie.
So this huge gap in education has caused a correspondingly huge lack of job employment
skills and opportunities for citizens a big blow to GDP growth. Former World Bank
Economist and Harvard School graduate, President Sirleaf, among some of her plans in
tackling this NASTY reality have been, for example: (a) to travel to Asia, Qatar, to beg the
Qatari Government to please help absorb some Liberians into their workforce (Fabric FM,
December 11, 2013); (b) to push the Liberian Legislature hard to hurry up and pass the dual
citizenship bill so that mainly former Liberians in the Diaspora who have already
renounced their Liberian citizenship can rush back and run the country, and (c) wantonly
auctioning the countrys precious natural resources at peanuts or against every established
law so as to help grow the GDP figures for Liberia (Moor Stephens Audit of 2013 etc.)
So the explanations above constitute what the Americo-Liberians understand about using
education to both prepare more workers for employment and to create more jobs. But the
very America that these people claim to have come from or belong to has always got a
different approach. Please read page 97 to get an idea of how America treats education; in
the case of using education to create jobs, this is how America sees it. The United States
believes that quality education can make people think more critically about how to solve all
of lifes problems using business something called entrepreneurship, and finding new and
more enhanced ways of doing things something called innovation.
Because of this belief and the practical steps taken by the government to even force
people (if thats what it takes) to go to school schools that are all well regulated and
supported by government here are some of the benefits to America, that all help to grow
her GDP:
According to the University of Wisconsins John J. Wilds book, Fundamentals of
Financial Accounting, the small business segment alone of Americas private sector is
made up of a total of 25 million registered small businesses which employs more than half
of Americas workforce; provides 60-80% of new jobs annually; pays about 50% of all of
Americas employee payroll, and appeal to about 65% of young people who desire every
time to launch their own business. Still in the private sector, there are giant businesses
which, due to their great revenue generating success, sell their shares to the public. All of
these are people completely outside of government or who have had no prior experience
about working in government. For example, Facebook, a California-based social media
company, whose lead founder and current CEO, Mark Zuckerberg, is just around his early

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30s, now generates gross annual revenue that reportedly clocks around $5 billion per
quarter, and has thousands of employees to date. Facebook was established just February 4,
2004. On the other hand, a DIRTY, 194 year old countrys current revenue generation
stands at around $400 million per annum, which means, it will take a whole nation like
Liberia more than 25 years to generate what a baby, 13 year-old company like Facebook
can generate in a years time. WHAT A BIG DISGRACE TO NATIONHOOD!!! We chose
not to bring in big private sector players like Apple or Microsoft etc. so as not to confuse
this narration. But the sad news is that all of Liberias private sector put together cannot
even contribute up to 2% of its already peanuts called GDP, according a reliable source.
(ii) Production
As we mentioned earlier, production constitutes the number one source of GDP growth.
For Liberia, this production queerly refers to begging for foreign capitalists from all walks
of life to come and exploit the natural resources of the country and export them in their
crude form. In Liberian history, the key architects and implementers of this strategy have
been presidents like Arthur Barclay, Charles King, William Tubman and Ellen Johnson
Sirleaf. Barclay is reported to have leased 4 out of Liberias 5 existing counties during his
time to a British firm to exploit wild rubber and all available mineral resources; Charles
King and Tubman jointly sold Liberian lands for 6 cents per acre for 99 years; Tubman
alone give out Liberian gold, diamond and iron ore etc. for just anything he felt like,
sometimes free, with iron ore being given out at less than 20 cents and 16 cents per ton at
the time when this resource was a hot cake on the world market in the 1950s and 60s.
Ellen, for her part, as we speak, has reportedly sold up to 57% of the total land area of
Liberia to foreign palm oil, cassava and other agriculture-related production companies
from as far as Malaysia, Indonesia etc. As valuable as natural oil is, Ellen has sold over 10
to 14 solid blocks of natural oil to foreigners, but as a good show of her belief in
indigenization and self-determination, the so-called oil refinery in the country, called the
Liberia Petroleum Refining Company or LPRC does not even have the capacity to import
finished product for sale, let alone to try out elementary refining processes. LPRC instead,
lives on storage fees in her own country, with 14 oil blocks gone to foreign firms, in deals
that stand to bring nothing to the country. This situation is not unique to LPRC, but this is
how instead, the remaining 113 revenue generating and fund raising institutions of the
Liberian Government continue to operate.
Liberia thus, since 1822, does not produce anything independently. But criminal Ellen
Johnson Sirleaf and her stooges, in the midst of all these embarrassing economic realities
keep lying to the poor, uninformed Liberian populace and the less-interested international
community that she and her government have been growing the countrys GDP at a rate of
7 to almost 9% annually since 2006.The secret too behind why these fake growth rates and
strategic misrepresentations continue to be accepted by other interested parties is the
governments criminal use of money to influence international lobby groups and public

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relations institutions to present statistics in favor of the country (Rep. Bhofal Chambers,
January 2014; New Dawn Newspaper, March 21, 2014 etc.).
(iv) Miscellaneous Economic Issues Other key things required by governments to help
stabilize the economy are as follows:
An economically perceptive government must always move swiftly to limit the
concentration of wealth within the hands of just a few of its citizens; instead, it must
demonstrate a strong quest to ensure social balance. In the case of Liberia, there are only
two economic classes a higly criminal upper class comprising almost 99% AmericoLiberians and a small number of their Native collaborators. This small, predominantly
criminal upper class constitutes less than 1% of the countrys entire population. The next
economic category is a huge chunk of citizens, almost 99+% of the countrys
population, who fall in the underclass or classless category, most of whom go to bed
daily on less than 50 cents. A former staff of the National Legislature, some time ago,
lamented how staffers of the Legislature earn between $100 and $125 per month, while
their bosses went home with over US$13,000 per month. The president, recently at
another talk shop, called an SOE retreat in her village, complaint that it was observed
that professionals, like engineers and doctors in the country were earning between
$1,500 and $3,000 per month, while people within the State-Owned Enterprises were
[illegally] earning between $8,000 and $9,000 per month (The News, February 3, 2015).
But former Solicitor General Cllr. Tiawon Gongloe, in a Sky FM interview reacted that
the president was just being disingenuous with the reality, and that she approved of
some of her appointees earning even as high as US$22,000 per month [in a country
where some civil servants still earn less than $100.]
One key way to prevent unnecessary leakages and promote economic growth is to
protect the economy from being exposed to unnecessary repatriation and capital flight,
but this is only possible with nationalistic laws in place. Repatriation mainly refers to a
foreign company or foreigner operating in a host country (like Liberia for instance),
sending their profits home (like back to America or Europe etc.). It also happens when
for example, a Malaysian works in Liberia and sends all his salary back home. For
capital flight, it occurs when assets or money rapidly flows out of a country due to an
event of economic consequence. Such event could be an increase in taxes on capital, or
an increase in taxes on capital holders, or that the government of a country is defaulting
on its debts etc., that disturbs investors and causes them to lower the valuation of their
assets in the affected country, or otherwise to lose confidence in that countrys economic
strength. Capital flight can lead to a disappearance of wealth, and is usually
accompanied by a sharp drop in the exchange rate of the affected country meaning
depreciation in a fixed exchange rate regime.
In 2012 or so, the Chronicle Newspaper reported that around 80% of the middle to toptier employees of the current Liberian Government came down from America to find

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work. By May 2009, the New Democrat Newspaper, citing the Central Bank of
Liberias Economic Bulletin covering the period October to December 2008, revealed
that an amount of US$37.0 million left Liberia (through money transfer services) as
remittances going abroad [mainly America]. When this is calculated by month, it will
mean that US$12.3 million was leaving Liberias VERY STRONG economy in
remittances per month by early 2009. Considering how the number of imported
bureaucrats have increased with certain number of them earning some of the biggest
salaries in sub-Saharan Africa as the President herself has now alluded to, it means by
now, remittances in the neighborhood of $18 to $20 million now leave Liberia to go
mainly to America monthly. One of Liberias all time economists, Dr. Tokpah Nah
Tipoteh, according to the Inquirer Newspaper of July 2014 attributed the high
depreciation of the Liberian currency to the US Dollar, causing a high exchange rate, to
the issue of too many dual citizenship holders in government. In her January 2015 state
of the nations address, President Sirleaf said she had already placed in a bill with the
Legislature for ratification to legalize dual citizenship in Liberia and that she wanted it
passed immediately [so more Americans can come down to find government work in
Liberia]. Dr. Tipoteh again, according to the New Republic Newspaper of February 4,
2015, warned Liberians to choose one allegiance according to him, Choose One, Be a
Liberian or an American.
According to Wikipedia, Liberia is 4th among the worlds 7 countries worst impacted by
capital flight, in the order: Hong Kong, Ireland, Lebanon, Liberia, Panama, Singapore,
and Switzerland. And interestingly, Liberias poverty can never be compared with
anyone of the remaining 6. In 1995, IMF estimated that capital flight amounted to
roughly half of the outstanding foreign debt of the most heavily indebted poor countries
of the world.
Finally, for this section, there are two main policy frameworks used by governments to
keep their economies stable Fiscal Policy and a Monetary Policy. The former takes
care of the governments decisions about taxes and expenditure. Government must
exercise the Prudent Mans Rule in carrying out its fiscal policies. Since the 1980s for
example, most Western countries have held a tight fiscal policy, something referred to
as the Contractionary Fiscal Policy, which limits public expenditure. For Liberia, while
she projected a 2013/2014 fiscal budget of around US$550 million, and suffered a
shortfall of over $74 million, the President disclosed in her state of the nations address
in January 2015 that the governments expenditure for 2014 was $530.7 million, an
increase of 10.6% over 2013, and out of this amount, $363.5 million went to recurrent
expenditures as usual, meaning the Government was left with around 30% of her budget
to pay attention to some short and long-term debt commitments and capital projects
(Public Agenda Newspaper, February 1, 2015) a situation which suggests that even
from now to 2100, Liberia will NEVER be able to construct a 70 mile road
independently. WHAT, AGAIN, IS A DISGRACE TO NATIONHOOD!!

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For Monetary Policy, it is a central banks mechanism used to control the money supply,
and in some cases, credit conditions for the purpose of achieving macroeconomic goals.
The following are factors that affect the credibility of any monetary policy:
The degree of a Central Banks independence
The announcements of explicit inflation targets
An established reputation for fighting inflation
In Liberia, nothing works void of some confused politics, and no fund-raising or revenue
generation-related organ of government functions void of a very huge negative Executive
Mansion influence; the issue of the announcement of an explicit inflation target in Liberia is
a myth; and the country is always in some form of stagflation etc.
(B) ISSUES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ADVOCACY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF
MANAGEMENT
Some of the very simple management theories that deserve maximum attention in the
effective running of any entity, including a state, like Liberia, are listed below. No matter
how simple these managerial principles may appear, anything called a nation state,
overlooking their practical application like Liberia, is just a joke club instead:
(a) A nation can be compared to a single group of people as we have repeatedly stated
above. In Management, there is a concept of group formation, which looks at how a group
of people formally organize themselves into a single, coherent unit, face the challenges of
progressing, as this single coherent unit, to the point of reaching a full blown successful
body. Two of the 3 main questions that people must consider at the group formation stage
(like in the case of Liberia, those activities that were happening between 1822 and 1847, the
time of the so-called settlers arrival and subsequent establishment of their colony of
Liberia, to their ultimate declaration of independence in 1847) are, or, should be as follows:
How do people, or put another way, how do we become psychologically integrated into
this group; i.e. are we sure, this entity, or this nation state that we are forming, is
psychologically integrated as we take off, and can this integration be sustained?
What are the prerequisites to attaining the required cohesiveness for this integration, and
if this cohesiveness is not attained, what could be the possible current and future
consequences? etc.
Any group formed without a careful consideration of these concerns is doomed.
(b) Creed, Symbols, Emblems, Awards, etc. are more to a country like mission/vision
statements and logo are to a business enterprise. In business, just as it is supposed to be in
our civic life, mission and vision declarations steer everyone within an organization in the
same direction in fulfilling a common agenda. Logo, mission and vision statements on the
one hand for a business entity, like flags, other symbols, emblems or awards etc. on the

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other hand for a nation, hold the mirror to the core values and aspirations of the unit, and
they help to instill confidence in, and to gain the commitment of everyone to work for a
common purpose. Dull Liberia again, missed the mark big time in this direction as all of its
symbols, the flag, motto, and even the name of the country neglect the interests of 16 out of
the questionable 17 groups - conditions ripe enough always to invite war!
(c) Competitive Advantage this is the ability a company has to outperform another
because its managers are able to create more value from the resources at its disposal a key
concept also applicable to a nation. So, a company, like a country, is effective if and only if
the following three conditions exist:
That company/country can secure scarce and valuable resources from its external
environments (something referred to as the External Resource Approach)
That company/country can efficiently convert skills and resources into finished goods
(the Technical Approach) production again
That company/country can creatively coordinate resources with employees skills to
innovate products and adapt to changing customer needs (the Internal Resource
Approach) production again
A related resource theory is the Resource Dependence Theory, which states that the goal
of an organization (i.e. a company/country etc.) is to minimize its dependence on other
organizations/peers for the supply of scarce resources in its environment, and to find ways
of influencing other organizations to make more resources available (although not to be
bent on getting these resources free of charge like Dull Liberia always thinks).
Any company/country lacking these skills is grossly ineffective! Liberias Managerial
understanding of these beautiful resource approaches is only limited to running all over the
place in search of loans, grants, and gifts. Thats why the country continues to live with the
paradox of untold poverty in the midst of unimaginable riches. Liberia, according to the
book, In the Cause Of the People, Dew Mason, 2010, has among other natural resources,
the following:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

10 million acres of agricultural land

9 million acres of [log producing, rain] forest
2.8 billion long tons of proven iron ore deposit
Vast quantities of diamond, gold, and manganese
A good quantity of proven oil deposit

In the midst of all this however, Liberia has NEVER graduated convincingly before from
being either the worlds first or second poorest country, among 200+ independent countries
and territories today. But shockingly, this is a country which is still passing around begging
for loans and grants to repair, for instance, an air strip constructed through US Military
quick impact project during World War II days.

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(d) Moving with the times is so crucial in the life and success of any organization. A
company/country, must therefore from time to time adapt to changing realities in an effort
to effectively move from one current state to a future desired state. Liberia, in almost every
aspect of life has refused to break with every negative tradition the country had practiced
since 1822.
(e) Management categorizes leadership styles based on different matrices. Based on
decision making for example, leadership styles can either be considered autocratic (where
the leader trusts no one, and as such takes all of the decisions alone), democratic (wherein
the leader trusts team members and thus shares the decision making function with them), or
abdicratic/laissez-faire (wherein the leader virtually, carelessly relinquishes
responsibilities to team members, not in the sense of delegation, but due to incompetence
and other socially embarrassing issues. Because Americo-Liberian leaders are always
croniastic and nepotistic, the prevailing leadership at the top is always abdicratic or laissez
faire, whereby everyone is doing their own thing in their own little corner. This current
leadership is of no exception. There are several high-profile accounts that attest to this fact.
For example, an article in the Friday, February 17, 2012 edition of the New Democrat
Newspaper was lamenting how government appointments under Madam Sirleaf were being
politicized and not based upon competence and professional levels, but instead on political
expediency, appeasement and accommodation etc. The article concluded by saying, Just as
Presidents Doe and Taylor disconfigured/misconfigured government services with mediocre
cronies and fanatic loyalists, and not competent and productive individuals, Madam Sirleaf
was doing likewise. One of the many counts of the University of Liberias Students
Unification Partys claims against Madam Sirleafs gross misgovernance published in
2014 succinctly puts it this way, Madam Sirleaf, who prides herself as advocate of
democracy, human rights, rule of law, and social justice, has transformed the Liberian
government into a family business enterprise and a family and cronies paradise. (USAIDGovernance Stakeholders Survey Report). What management then says is that when a
leadership is abdicratic or laissez faire, decisions are made by whomever; work is sloppy;
productivity is low; no serious interest is in the job; people are only interested in what they
can exploit from the work; there is low morale; there is a lack of team work, and people are
less confident within themselves and others.
(f) We said earlier on in this literature that all of Management mainly revolves around four
key functions planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. We also said, or, it must
also be known here, that all of these functions are interdependent; that is, for example, a
successful organizing will only happen based on good planning; controlling uses the plans
made earlier as its yardsticks or benchmarks; and directing, which is a function of physical
implementation or execution, is also as good as the organizing done earlier etc. But the
most expensive and dire of all consequences connected to managerial negligence or failure
results from a poor implementation environment, and an implementation environment will
only be effective or not be poor, based on the level of monitoring and controls in place
things which heavily depend on a managers leadership style. Just in few months alone, not

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to mention the millions of careless managerial activities of the Johnsons, Tubmans, Kings
etc. since 1822, or the thousands conducted by Madam Sirleaf since 2006, lets look at a
few grave managerial flaws and their corresponding impacts between March 2014 and
February 2015:
(i) If Madam Sirleaf and her UP-led government will ever defend themselves against the
claim that they used the Ebola crisis as a business scheme to enrich themselves at the
expense of the lives and innocent blood of our poor indigenous populations, as it has always
been the pleasure of Americo-Liberian elites, then what a very careless management team
she runs. This virus outbreak started in a very small town in Northwestern Liberia called
Foya, a town of around 1,700 inhabitants, and a town over 470 kilometers away from
Monrovia. According to one health expert whose voice was been played as a trailer to one
of BBCs public service programs, outbreaks are inevitable, but pandemics are optional,
meaning, outbreaks can occur at any time, but it is left with authorities to quickly put it
under control or allow it to spread like wild fire [sometimes for their own self-interest].
Jimmy Withworth of the Welcome Trust, on the BBC Health Check Program with
Claudia Harmon on August 14, 2014 said, the appearance, or even the picture of an Ebola
victim is so queer and fearful to the point that one case of the virus is enough to raise a very
strong red flag for any serious health system. The Medical Doctor son of President Sirleaf,
Mr. Adama Sirleaf, emphasized that Ebola was a public health problem that needed only a
public health related solution, but said, when he visited the Legislature in April of 2014 to
propose to them solutions for handling the problem, they decided to play games with him
(Sky FM News, August 29, 2014). Dr. Sam Okery, a Ugandan Medical Researcher, talking
to BBC on August 15, 2014 said that transparent and effective leadership at every level was
very key in dealing with Ebola. Representative Bhofal Chambers, appearing on Fabric FM
early 2015 said Ebola was truly a US$10,000 Foya problem in March of 2014 if the
Liberian Government were organized and working effectively. Today, as we speak though,
due to the utter lack of managerial skills in Madam Sirleaf and her lieutenants, the
US$10,000 Foya problem has turned into a well over $10 billion problem for Liberia and
her international partners let alone the mess it has led the entire world into. Later in a
February 12, 2015 interview with BBCs James Menendez, Madam Sirleaf admitted to
some errors in the initial handling of the Ebola crisis.
(ii) The examples of Ellen and her lieutenants lack of managerial prudence at every rung of
the governmental ladder of hierarchy are so countless that someone without strong courage
would be very reluctant to want to embark on the boring task of enlisting them, but lets
bring in a few more to strengthen the case:
Talking to UNMIL Radios Torwon Sulonteh at year end 2014, in the midst of the
Ebola crisis, Ellen hastily announced the reopening of schools in the country the next
month, January, 2015, but was fast to acknowledge that she had not consulted her
Education Ministry authorities before making this pronouncement meaning in short,
that the reopening of schools as per her pronouncement was not planned. A few weeks

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later, Ministries of Education and Health officials met the Senate to speak to their
preparedness for the reopening of schools. At that meeting, they disclosed that out of 23
activities they had targeted to carry out or to put into place before allowing children to
sit in class, they had just completed one. (Fabric FM News, January 29, 2015). But just
to save the presidents face, the Ministry of Education came up with a release that they
would open schools at all costs on February 16, 2015, despite their gross illpreparedness. After wrangling with the Legislature, the Education Ministry disclosed to
the public that the reopening of schools was now officially set for March 2, 2015
(Womens Voices Newspaper, February 12, 2015). In few hours to a day or two, Mr.
Ramsy Kumaya of the Education Ministry came up to apologize to the public for his
ministrys fumbling over the reopening of schools, and he announced that schools
instead would reopen on February 16, 2015(ELBC).
When Madam Sirleaf took over the country in 2006, she said corruption was going to be
public enemy number one, and that her government would use all its might to combat
the menace. Just to meet up with international communitys benchmarks to get debt
relief and start crediting ruthlessly again, Madam Sirleaf, at the request of partners, set
up key integrity and transparency institutions such as the Liberia Anti-Corruption
Commission, the General Auditing Commission, the Liberia Extractive Industry
Transparency Initiative etc. to help fight corruption. Nine years on, instead of updating
the country on how much gains the government has made in the corruption fight,
Madam Sirleaf starts to complain how corruption is causing serious problem in the
country, going as far as renaming corruption as the vampire of development in her
2015 state of the nations address. What can be blamed for all this, apart from their
inherent criminal nature and intent to keep the system running like this because they
benefit all the spoils, is of course the unspeakable lack of implementation and controls,
as we mentioned earlier. One old man polled by ELBC on some street survey during
mid-January 2015 about peoples opinion on governments new transportation fare
regime bluntly put it, That policy or regulation will never be implemented because
Liberia has got no record of any successful implementation of anything for that matter
before (ELBC, January 19, 2015). Madam Sirleaf herself corroborated this polled old
mans assertion later in an exclusive interview with Liberia Broadcasting Systems boss,
Legiwood Rennie, when she said, Not just by establishing priority, but by making sure
it is implemented, and thats where we have been the weakest. She was speaking about
her governments new so-called revolutionary local community land ownership and
governments decentralization programs (ELBC, February 20, 2015) etc. and etc. Just so
many to want to list them all.
(C) ISSUES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ADVOCACY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF
ACCOUNTING
Since Accountings first major concern is about taking stock of money-related transactions
and events, National Accounting Systems normally place emphasis on the responsibility of

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accounting for all of the business activities that take place within the country. To do this job
well, stakeholders must first know what types of public business entities exist in terms of
their legal forms or structures, and what business operations each of these entities is
involved with. Remember it is firstly the public business entities that bear the heaviest
burden of the responsibility for directly creating wealth for the country. To this end, there
are credible information that Liberia has 19 revenue generating agencies and 94 government
fund raising bodies. Lets focus here on the 19 revenue generating agencies majority, if
not all, of which should be state-owned business enterprises. Wikipedia defines state-owned
enterprises as mainly corporatized government entities that undertake commercial
activities on behalf of their owner government. Their legal statuses vary from just being
part of government, to being stock companies with the state as a regular and major
stockholder. The defining characteristics of SOEs are that they have a distinct legal form,
and they are established to operate in commercial affairs. While they may also have public
policy objectives, SOEs are different from other forms of government agencies or state
entities established to pursue purely non-financial objectives. SOEs are common with
natural monopolies in infrastructure such as railways and telecommunications, strategic
goods and services (such as mails and weaponry, natural resources and energy, politically
sensitive businesses, broadcasting, demerit goods (such as alcohol), and merit goods such as
healthcare etc. There are several ways to call SOEs, which include government-owned
company, government-owned corporation, public-owned company, public-owned
corporation, governments commercial agency, public sector undertaking, or parastatals
etc.
With respect to business operations, of course, even a 101 Accounting student must know
that every entity is either involved with one, two, or all three of the recognized types of
business operations: (a) Service providing services for profit, (b) Merchandizing
buying products and reselling them for profits, and (c) Manufacturing creating products
and reselling them for profit. Note here, as emphasized by the definitions supra, that any
form of business, whether private or public that does not optimize that end result of earning
profits progressively year after year should then get out of the kitchen because it cant just
stand the heat. In addition, a government commercial agency, as we call SOEs above,
should be an illuminating example for private sector companies in terms of how it creates
more and more wealth for its primary shareholder, the government (which actually means
the citizens); how it optimizes the use of all of the accounting principles and ethics; how it
creates more opportunities for the citizens year after year; and how it applies all of the
resource-related theories we explained above under Management.
But again, before we can do a fair assessment of whether an SOE is performing well in
these directions or not, we must establish explicitly, as we mentioned earlier, what form or
forms of business operations it is involved with, and what type of business entity it is. The
essence of being particular about knowing what type of business you are dealing with or
talking about, or accounting for, is to be able to obey one of Accountings several
principles, called the Business Entity Principle, which states that a business is accounted for

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separately from other entities including its owner(s). To this effect, Economics and
Accounting have categorize all business entities into one of three legal forms, including
proprietorship, partnership, or corporation. (a) A Proprietorship (also called a Sole
Proprietorship) is a business owned by one person. It is a separate entity for accounting
purposes, but it is not a separate entity from its owner for taxing purposes. This means for
example, that the court can order an owner of a proprietorship to sell personal belongings to
pay the proprietorships debts. This unlimited liability of a proprietorship is its major
disadvantage. However, an advantage that proprietorships have is that their incomes are not
subject to business income taxes, but instead, are reported (meaning their incomes), and
taxed on the owners personal income tax returns. (b) A Partnership is a business owned by
two or more people, called partners. Like a proprietorship, no special legal requirements
must be met before starting a partnership. The only requirement is an agreement between
partners to run a business together. The agreement can be either oral or written and usually
indicates how income and losses are to be shared. A partnership, like a proprietorship, is not
legally separate from its owners. This means that each partners share of profits is reported
and taxed on that partners tax return. It also means unlimited liability for the partner.
However, at least three types of partnerships do limit liability. They include (i) a Limited
Partnership (LP), (ii) a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP), and (iii) a Limited Liability
Company (LLC).
(i) A Limited Partnership includes one or more general partners with unlimited liability and
one or more limited partners with liability restricted to the amount invested. (ii) A Limited
Liability Partnership (LLP) restricts partners liabilities to their own acts and the acts of
individuals under their control. This protects an innocent partner from the negligence of
another partner, yet all partners remain responsible for partnership debts. (iii) A Limited
Liability Company offers the limited liability of a corporation and the tax treatment of a
partnership and a proprietorship. Most proprietorships and partnerships are now organized
[especially in the US] as LLCs. This is the legal form, some, if not all, of Liberian SOEs
have clandestinely adopted just to avoid paying more money to the general population of
this country; again, because bulk of this population comprises the savages according to
our Americo-Liberian elites.
(c) A Corporation is a business legally separate from its owners; meaning, it is responsible
for its own acts and its own debts. Separate legal status also means that owners of a
corporation (its shareholders) are not personally liable for corporate acts and debts. This is a
corporations main advantage, with the main disadvantage being double taxation; meaning
that the corporations income is taxed, and the dividends it pays to owners are also taxed.
All of these explanations are done here so as to give you a clearer understanding of why
someone or a government would choose to run a partnership business, a proprietorship
business or a corporation. What does the country stand to benefit in terms of business
income taxes depending on the legal form of business chosen? How have the AmericoLiberians been giving back, in terms of taxes and dividends, the proceeds of our resources?

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Why for example, should Madam Sirleaf and her True Whig Party, decide in 1978, to
register (to purportedly incorporate) the so-called Liberia Petroleum Refining Company not
as a full-fledged corporation, but instead, as a partnership (a limited liability company)
(LPRC charter and history). Hasnt Wikipedia told us that government-owned companies or
state-owned business enterprises (SOEs) are normally corporate business entities? Who are
the partners running LPRC and sharing its proceeds, while dodging the taxes it is supposed
to be paying to the people of Liberia? What are the actual legal forms of our remaining
state-owned enterprises like the National Port Authority, the Forestry Development
Authority, the Liberia Electricity Corporation etc.? just too many secrets to discover about
this rogue Americo-Liberian state!!!
So, because the Americo-Liberians and all their institutions operate somewhat criminally,
LPRC, as a case in point, has two criminal profiles: (a) It is not a refinery, yet it bears the
name of a refinery just to paint a picture that will blind the world out there that Liberia is
doing some form of refining or has a serious intention do so soon, when in all fairness, this
is not the case. A conscious and moral people would have by now changed that name,
LPRC, especially so that this company doesnt even import its own finished product for
sale, but only stores business peoples finished products for some minimal fees. It could
argue that it is also granting franchises to importers, but this is something everyone knows
the Commerce Ministry could handle easily. (b) LPRC, being a form of partnership (LLC),
means that instead of being subjected to such things as compulsory corporate income tax
obligations and taxation on dividends paid out (if it really can pay dividends out) in the true
economic sense of a corporation, its income is instead clandestinely reported and taxed on
the partners (Ellen and others, apparently) personal income tax returns.
This is why Liberia has refused up to date, to run full-scale business enterprises (stateowned business enterprises etc.) that will earn for government and the citizens billions in
revenue yearly, applying all of the productive business concepts, but instead, we are still
running criminal political clubs, called SOEs or business entities, wherein the president
alone will have to appoint managing directors, deputies, board chairmen, board members,
and if possible senior managers etc. when public companies should be owned, during this
age and time, by individual shareholders (including private individuals and the government
herself). This way, shareholders would be the ones electing or selecting their board
members, and board members in turn, will be voting in their board chairmen, and the board
of directors will in turn be hiring and firing their top management team members based on
issues of productivity and efficiency. According to Prof. Aldo Mussachio of the Harvard
Business School, as we mentioned somewhere in this work, long gone are the days when
presidents appointed people to run business enterprises, especially in any capitalist
economies for that matter. Instead, he says, state-owned enterprises are now being run just
like large private corporations, with their shares being traded at stock exchanges, and their
board of directors and corporate structures being handled by professional external
managers.

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Imagine the fate of the rest of the many other SOEs like LPRC. Because of this criminally
thwarted vision of what a true state-owned enterprise should be, SOEs are becoming a
major economic burden to Liberia ironically rather than being incomparable sources of
wealth and job creation for the country. For example, as huge as the National Port Authority
is, MD Matilda Parker was on air a certain time ago announcing her entitys biggest
contribution to government, in years now, of $2 million. WHAT A BIG SHAME AND
DISGRACE TO NATIONHOOD AGAIN!!! In May of 2014, Finance Minister, Amara
Konneh announced that the Liberia Petroleum Refining Company, which condescendingly
should have contributed $4 million to the Government during the budget year of
2013/2014, had by the 11th month of the 12-month fiscal year, May 2014, only contributed
$1 million, 25% of her commitment. Meanwhile, Government keeps crediting left, right
and center, with no demonstration of any capacity to ever pay a cent out of these debts
back. To add insult to the injury created by SOEs, at a so-called SOE retreat held on the
presidents farm in early February 2015, Finance and Development Planning Minister
Amara Konneh made the following economically shocking revelations, accompanied by
scam warnings as usual:
SOEs expenses (people who contribute at will, $1 million, $2 million etc. or even less, to
government), have just within four years risen from around US$74 million to US$147
million, with justifications that:
Their travel expenses had gone up within this period from $800,000 to over $3 million
Their salaries have gone up from $15.7 million to $41 million
Their corporate social responsibility contributions (another scam account in Liberia) had
climbed from $300,000 to $13 million
Mr. Konneh then bluntly concluded that SOEs were not managing wisely (The News
Newspaper, February 3, 2015) OH WHAT A BIG STUPID COUNTRY THAT
CONSUMES, CONSUMES, CONSUMES AND PRODUCES NOTHING TO COVER
ITS COSTS!!!!
Managerial accountants help grow a business, just as they would do for a country, through a
rich blend of their managerial skills and accounting acumen. And so, since a business
environment, like that of a comite of nations, is characterized by increased competition and
a relentless drive for continuous improvement, companies/countries are heavily engaged in
finding ways to leverage their huge potentials that could be made possible by optimizing
such things as their economies of scale and economies of scope etc. They therefore adopt
different approaches or systems to help them get ahead of the curve in their competitive
environment. A few of these approaches from the Accounting perspective include the
following:
a. Just in time production system
b. Total Quality Management
c. Process Reengineering

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d. Theory of Constraints
Although these concepts are mostly applicable to production-based or manufacturing-based
environments, common and universal points about them worth noting here are as follows:
Total Quality Management for example, improves productivity by encouraging the use of
science in decision making and discouraging counterproductive, defensive behaviors; for
instance, it has always been said or done this way, so we must stick to it, whether or not it is
yielding good fruits. The most pervasive TQM problem solving tool is the Plan-Do-CheckAct Cycle or (PDCAC). In the Plan phase, the problem-solving team analyses data to
identify possible causes of the problem at hand, and then proposes a solution. In the Do
phase, an experiment is conducted. In the Check phase, the result of the experiment is retested. If the result of the retrial is favorable, that method is adopted; if not, the team goes
back to the original data and starts all over again just to be systematic in problem solving,
and not like OLD, DULL, Liberia, that just guesses, guesses, and guesses in everything all
the years of her life. TQM is being used by many giant firms including IBM, General
Electric, KLM Royal Dutch Airline etc., just as the Just In Time Method is being used by
several giant firms including Xerox, Chrysler, and Intel. Process Reengineering
(applicable in almost all aspects of business), in its most common sense, means completely
redesigning a business process or a way of doing certain things in order to eliminate nonvalue added activities and to reduce opportunities for errors. Finally, the Theory of
Constraints looks at ways of systematically dealing with a companys/countrys constraints
after singling them out.
The above are all universal concepts, not limited to Accounting or Manufacturing
environments alone, but to the general world of business and governance. Imagine the
amount of errors that Liberian governments claim they make every day, especially Madam
Sirleaf and her government. What does it prove about the seriousness they attach to these
beautiful concepts and theories?
Also key to remaining in your competition whether as a company/nation is the issue of how
you handle your Quality Cost a cost associated with how you prevent, detect, or deal with
faults or defects in your activities and processes. And again, although Quality costs
concepts are hugely applicable in production/manufacturing environments, their principles
spill over to many other aspects of our day to day governmental and managerial activities if
one were to read beyond the lines. Quality Costs can be broken down into four broad
groups, with two (Prevention costs and Appraisal Costs) being incurred in an effort to
keep defective products from falling into the hands of customers, while the other two
(Internal Failure and External Failure Costs) are incurred because defects are produced
despite efforts to prevent them. Lets look at two constituent costs each, out of the many
that are available, in each one of the four categories: (a) Prevention costs (may include
costs incurred to develop a good system, including quality training.) (b)Appraisal Cost
(costs of testing and inspecting incoming materials, testing and inspecting in-process goods,

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and so on.) (c)Internal Failure Cost (cost of spoilage, internally etc.) and (d) External
Failure cost (product recall costs, liability arising from defective products etc.). If Liberia
were a production environment and not a talk shop and grandstanding environment as it
currently is, as careless as the government has proven to be, it would have always been
paying huge damages in the form of external failure costs. And what has happened in the
case of Ebola for example constitutes components of huge internal and external failure
costs.
Responsible managers and accountants (both of a state/company) prevent these kinds of
costs, mainly in three ways:
a) By making use of Quality circles
b) By using Statistical process control
c) By compulsorily conforming to the International Standards Organizations (ISO 9000)
standards at all applicable levels of business and governmental operations
(D) ISSUES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ADVOCACY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF
STATISTICS
All lawmakers for example, should be expert statisticians because the results from every
sector of society made known to them are intended to be summarized in numerical terms,
analyzed, and different statistical readings used on them to form the basis for making
decisions and laws that will impact past, current and future generations. When we discussed
statistics previously in this work, we discovered that earlier uses of statistics, which
continue today, focused mainly on the compilation of data and graphs describing various
aspects of a state. As far back as 1662 for example, John Graunt is reported to have
published statistical information about births and deaths. Graunts work was followed by
studies of mortalities and disease rates, population sizes, incomes, and unemployment rates.
We also established that households, governments and businesses heavily rely on statistical
data for guidance. Unemployment rates, inflation rates, consumer indexes, birth and death
rates for instance, that are carefully compiled on a regular basis and their resulting
analytical data, are used by business leaders to make decisions affecting future hiring,
production levels, and expansion into new markets etc. Legislators use statistics from
demographic studies and national censuses to make such laws as those pertaining to
education, health, urban planning etc. and many more policies.
Lets now throw a little light on just a few of Liberias past demographic data (as presented
by the University of Liberias Department of Demographics in the early 2000s) to see
whether, in any way, the Liberian authorities are using these statistics to shape laws and
policies administratively. Note: There are reports that some demographic work has gone on
during this regime of Madam Sirleaf, but we are only going to deal with this earlier one
because it will be more reliable than the one produced during the era of Madam Sirleaf,
whose government has proven notorious for criminally manipulating statistics:

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The censuses of April 2, 1962, February 1, 1974, and February 1, 1984 reported
Liberias populations at 1.02 million, 1.5 million, and 2.1 million respectively. During
the inter-censual period, Liberias population growth rate was estimated at 48% and
40% respectively. Projections showed that the 1984 population of 2.1 million would
have increased to 2.95 million by 1994 and 3.63 million by 2000. Calculations using the
Constant Annual Geometric Growth Method showed that the population of Liberia
increased at the rate of 3.3% per annum and that at this rate, the population was
expected to double within 21 years meaning, the estimated 3.63 million of 2000
would be well around 7.5 million by 2021 etc.
With consistently high fertility and low mortality, Liberia has an increasingly young
population that is, about 40% of the population is below 15 years of age, while 4% is
65 years and above. These two groups constitute a heavily dependent population. To add
insult to injury, Liberias dependency ratio, which leans more on the youth side, is
estimated at 89 dependents per 100 persons in the 15-64 age group. This simply means,
apart from the liability population of 44% above, within the balance 56% of the
population, every group of 100 persons set aside, 89 come out as totally dependent. All
this would technically translate into a sad reality that almost 98% of the country is
dependent. WHAT A NASTY DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE!!!
Out of the 19,465 localities enumerated in the 1984 census, only 79 were classified as
urban areas; meaning, 0.0004% of Liberia was considered urban in 1984, at the time
when the bar for qualifying as a urban area was not as high as today. This means that
Liberia either still maintains this statistic or it has fallen short of this 0.0004% as we
speak, as nothing substantial has been done since then in terms of urbanization.
The estimated fertility rate of Liberia was put at 6.7%. This means that an average
Liberian woman borns 7 children before reaching menopause.
76.8% of the population was reported to still be living on less than $1.00 per day, while
52% live on less than $0.50 per day etc.
If we were in a society that learned by doing, these could have been some of the many
questions on the table of our lawmakers and other policy makers based on the statistics
above, and the many more that we could not bring here:
(1) What do we have in place by now to first of all feed this kind of rapidly growing
population a population expected to reach at least 7.5 million just in the next 3 years?
(2) Must we keep importing our staple and other food items for this kind of growing
population, or should we keep depending on foreign capitalists and our so-called
capitalist system of economics to feed our people?
But for very dull Liberia, these should the worries instead of private investors or UN
agencies and other NGOs. Meanwhile segments of this growing population have already

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started formally feeding from dumpsites (Microscope Newspaper, December 1, 2014;

Fabric FM, late 2014). The new Food and Agriculture Organizations Country Director to
Liberia, Mr. Mark Abdallah, at the presentation of his letters of credence to President
Sirleaf in late December 2014, vowed authoritatively to fight hunger and poverty for us
(ELBC, December 24, 2014). In early to mid-February 2015, instead of the Liberian
Government taking the lead, it was reported that the World Bank was the one ahead of
purchasing seed rice and fertilizers to share with Liberian farmers (Truth FM, February 13,
2015). At this same time, World Bank Team Leader on the West African Productivity
Program, Dr. Albein Bola Adobin was lamenting how sadly Liberia uses around US$200
million to import rice per year, and he and his team were thinking about helping our dear
Americo-Liberian country reduce this cost (Idem)
The statistics talks about how a staggering 98% or more of our citizens are dependent
citizens, which translates into a heavily dependent country. Whether such questions as how
radically this kind of population can be empowered (i.e. what educational, health, and
employment opportunities and other strategies and programs, along with their aggressive
implementation and controls techniques can we use to drastically change this kind of
dependency rating etc.) are being considered by Liberias highly criminal and belly-driven
leaders is another whole conversation to get involved with.
0.0004% of the country was reported in 1984 as the only urban component of a huge
43,000 square mile territory. Even the so-called capital today, is always graded by the entire
world as Earths poorest and most uncomfortable capital city, according to reliable
sources. How can we systematically extend old existing substandard cities, like Monrovia,
and build new world class cities? How can we extend basic social services (like electricity,
and water) since 1847 to parts of even Gardnersville, right within less than 15 miles of
central town, let alone Foya, Gborplay, or Karloken are not a concern for DULL Liberian
leaderships.
Whats about over 80% of the countrys population living on less than $1.25 per day? How
can this be reduced practically in the next two years by 10%; then in the next 5 years by
another 10 to 15%? etc. and etc.
But all these and many more, sadly for BARREN Liberia, are functions of the World Bank,
FAO, ECOWAS, and the likes, while government officials earn up to US$22,000 per
month, ride US$105,000 SUVs and the latest Nissan Patrol Jeeps, and the current
government has even sold and resold up to 14 oil blocks, with the president son being
alleged to own assets now worth over US$2 billion etc.
An excellent benefit of statistics always is how it looks at todays figures and todays
circumstances, and then determines what tomorrow or the distant future will look like. We
said todays figure and todays circumstances because in our previous discussions about
statistics, we said it handled subject matters both qualitatively and quantitatively, and, we
are mentioning determining the future here because in the world of statistics, knowing how

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far we have come today can give us a better insight and confidence about how far we can
still go.
With that been said, lets look at some more quantitative and qualitative statistical realities
about Liberia, based upon which statisticians should have by now built cases from which
policies could be crafted to reshape the country:
As reported on page 117, Liberia is blessed with the below natural wealth, among others, as
presented in Prof. Tuan Wlehs In the Cause of the People:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

10 million acres of agricultural land

9 million acres of [log producing, rain] forest
2.8 billion long tons of proven iron ore deposit
Vast quantities of diamond, gold, and manganese
A good quantity of proven oil deposit

At present, Liberia has a population of around 4.2 million, according to BBC; Liberias
total land mass is around 43,000 square miles. The country was established in 1822 and
gained its so-called independence in 1847.The country claims to have a very close tie with
the worlds super power since its foundation. Liberia started signing concession agreements
on the exploitation of her natural resources more than 120 years ago. Its first major
concession agreement signed with British-owned Monrovia Rubber Corporation was done
in 1894 according to Prof. Joseph Saye Guannus A Short History of the First Liberian
Republic. Liberia has since then signed hundreds of different concession agreements,
selling out many kinds of precious natural resources, including our fertile agricultural lands,
gold, diamonds, iron ore, and recently oil etc. Liberia has even signed a concession
agreement in the past that gave birth to the worlds largest rubber plantation for years. As
we speak, the country, just within 10 years after its bloodiest civil war, has been able to
sign, in different forms again, over 100 separate natural resource concession agreements,
according to the Publish What You Pay Coalition in an article posted at www.rssnews.com
in June of 2013. Even up to this 2017, as precious as Natural Oil is, Liberia has
cumulatively sold and resold up to 14 oil blocks etc.
But for such a very old country with this long list of resources, resource deals,
opportunities, and privileges, these continue to be the unspeakable economic and social
profiles of Liberia, among many more appalling ones that we will omit for the sake of time
and space:
1) According to reliable sources, in an April 2014 Report, UNESCO designated Liberias
educational system as the worst in the whole world. The current president of Liberia,
Americo-Liberian Madam Sirleaf has also repeatedly attested to this fact.
2) The British Broadcasting Corporation normally refers to Liberia as a heavily dependent
and profoundly impoverished West African state

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3) German Foreign Minister, Mr. Frank Walter Stanmyer described the West African
region hit by Ebola (including, but mainly referring to Liberia) as the worlds poorest
region with the weakest health infrastructure that has already broken down (BBC,
October 19,2014)
4) The head of UN in Liberia, Madam Karin Langrin disclosed that among the 3 West
African countries worst hit by Ebola, Liberia has the weakest health sector (ELBC,
September 15, 2014)
5) Speaking during a Kings FM September 19, 2014 interview, Liberian politician,
Simeon Freeman, claimed that the country didnt have hospitals, but instead mortuaries
6) Liberia is probably the only country, during this 21st century, in which, among other
things, people still use flashlights in public health facilities to perform delivery services
on women due to the lack of electricity; women still deliver in porches, market places,
and in the streets; referral hospitals in entire counties still operate without electricity and
ambulances etc. (Heritage Newspaper, April 29, 2014; Sky FM News, September 20,
2014; ELBC, October 15, 2014; Sky FM, October 20, 2014; and National Chronicle,
April 29, 2014 respectively)
7) President Sirleaf admitted to the US Congress Subcommittee on Public Relations
through video link in 2014 that Liberia has a damning physician to population ratio of
1:100,000 during this 21st century (ELBC, December 10, 2014)
8) Finance and Development Planning Minister, Amara Konneh, in his 2013 Economic
Update; that is, how the economy stood before Ebola could hit the following year to
plummet Liberias growth rate to 0.4%, provided inter-alia the following statistics:
Manufacturing primarily of cement, beverages, wood work, printing, and of
various consumer goods continue to have low outputs due to lack of electricity or
very expensive [means of making] electricity available, a shortage of skilled labor,
the high cost of inputs, and limited production capacity
Electricity Electricity reaches less than 5% of the population, and this small supply
is the costliest in the world, at between 54 and 58 cents per kilowatt hour.
Meanwhile, most world prices are between 8 and 15 cents per kilowatt hour
according to reports. But let us hasten to mention here that as usual, the Liberian
Government, through Finance Minister Konneh was just trying to paint this
electricity reality a little more attractive or make it appear much tenable. The actual
fact however remains that the reality surrounding electricity is ABSOLUTELY
disgusting. Liberia Electricity Corporations Media Consultant, Mr. Hassan Kiawu,
appearing as guest on the UNMIL Radios Consumer Hour Program on December 1,
2014, revealed that the LEC at the time had a customer base of 27,000 [most of
whom will be foreign business owners]. Around a year and half later, that is around
mid-2016, LEC sources disclosed that their customer base had climbed to 30,000.

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Imagine a country of 4.2 million people. Technically, we are speaking of less than
10,000 citizens out of 4.2 million, and still even being careful because this
government is good at inflating figures. In short, out of 4.2 million people, low
quality, non-regular, generator-produced electricity supply reaches about 0.0024%
of the population. So instead of being cleverly cosmetic, Mr. Konneh should have
muster the boldness to say that electricity in Liberia during this golden age of the
silicon valley reaches very far less than 1% of the population, and he and his
government are still disgracefully waiting for Shinzo Aby, to leave all his countrys
problems to come to build their funny hydro plant for them in the midst of all that
this man continues to do for Liberia. Old, Dirty Liberia just received her 5th or 6th
round of annual food aid worth multiple millions of US Dollars from Japan quite
recently.
Road only about 45% of households have access to an all seasons road within 5
kilometers (BIG SHAME, CRUEL AMERICO-LBERIANS!!!), and much of the
countrys interior is cut off from the [so-called] capital city during the rainy season.
This reduces access to government services and markets for agricultural production.
This statistic is in fact stating that no better roads are available at all in the country
because, to be limited to less than 3.5 miles of road from your home at all times in
your life after 194 years of your countrys existence makes no economic sense
during our age.
The country faces further challenges due to its susceptibility to external factors.
Liberias undiversified economy depends heavily on the exports of raw materials
such as iron ore, rubber and timber, which are impacted hugely by fluctuating
international prices and demand. The major staple food, rice, is imported, with
increasing vulnerability [also] to external prices. Overseas development assistance,
which provides substantial support, will be susceptible to austerity measures in
advanced economies etc. and etc. (the News Newspaper, Thursday, September 19,
2013)
9) Liberia has always been graded or rated as the 1st or 2nd poorest country in a world of
more than 200 independent nations and territories (www.rssnews.com, June 2013; Pro
Publica, February 2012 etc.). Even with the new criminal trend of dishing out money to
international firms to help build her image and paint some critical statistics more
positively in her favor, Liberia again, was quite recently graded by the World Bank, in
terms of GDP/purchasing power parity, as Africas 2nd poorest country with a
GDP/capita of less than $460, and a walloping 85% living below $1.00 per day. Liberia
was only rated over the Democratic Republic of Congo a few points because DRC has
been involved with several civil wars since1998.
It is reported that the DRCs War has involved at least 7 foreign armies in what is
regarded as the deadliest conflict in the world since World War II, and by 2008, the

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second Congolese War and its aftermath had taken about 5.4 million lives
(http://answersafrica.com). Meanwhile this DRC ironically was able to send doctors to
help in Liberias Ebola fight, something that Liberia has NEVER done to any country
before; this same DRC plays regularly in the all-African soccer showpiece and was even
3rd place winners for 2015s African Cup of Nations in Equatorial Guinea, a competition
Liberia has attempted at qualifying for 9 times in her life, but only entered it twice and
could never even cross group rounds in all of her two appearances.
10) Some descriptions of Liberia include beggars in the middle of an ocean of wealth
(National Chronicle, Thursday, May 3, 2012)
11) One global survey report echoed by a local media in 2013 rated Monrovia, the AmericoLiberians 1822 capital, as the 21st centurys MOST UNCOMFORTABLE city to live
in. Around March 2015, the UN is said to have graded Monrovia as the worlds poorest
city (The News Newspaper, March 17, 2015). As we speak, Liberia neither has a plan,
nor any capacity to radically rehabilitate its 194 year-old capital, let alone to construct a
new capital. The city, according to President Sirleaf, was initially designed to host or
accommodate about 500,000 persons maximum, but it today hosts pretty close to 1.5
million people. She came up few years back and lied that her government was working
on the design of a new capital city.
12) The Liberia Institute for Public Integrity (LIPI) in mid-2013 decried how over 60% of
the Liberian population has no access to safe drinking water, and 90% of public schools
in Monrovia alone, have no access to safe drinking water facilities. The group also
decried governments failure to reduce open defecation, and has yet to improve
sanitation services. According to the group, over 3,000 Liberians (an empirically small
figure though) die annually due to lack of safe drinking water and other water-related
diseases, though President Sirleaf serves as Africas Goodwill Ambassador for Water
and Sanitation (WASH)(www.allafrica.com, June 2013)
13) In other parts of the country, according to the US State Department, women and children
still have to trek for up to two days before reaching a nearby [poorly equipped and
inadequately staffed] health facility
14) While the world now transitions from the Information Age to the Web Age, wherein
virtually every business transaction could be executed on the Internet, one of the latest
US State Department reports on Liberia reveals that more than 96% of the countrys
population has no access to the Internet yet
15) After 13 straight years of unhindered UN support and direct involvement with Liberia,
with well over $40 billion being used to stabilize this Dull tiny West African state, up to
this 2017, these have been some of Liberias achievements and her demonstration of
deserving all this kind of international support and human sacrifice:

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i.

The country has been rated twice in 3 years as the worlds most corrupt country by
German-based Transparency International (i.e. for 2010 and 2013), and to date, it has
not made any progress to graduate from this stage, but has even exacerbated the
trends that promote more corruption (National Chronicle, December 2010;
www.usatoday.com;
Microscope
Newspaper,
December
8,
2014,
www.transparencyinternational.com etc.)

ii.

Human Rights Watch 2014 Report maintains that corruption remains entrenched in
Liberia.

iii.

The head of the UN Mission in Liberia keeps sounding the warning that Liberia
lacks any dependable or reliable legal system

iv.

Every successive US State Department Report on Liberias human rights situation

speaks of a very corrupt and [largely dysfunctional and unfair] legal system

v.

Just in 2012, the US Government warned of brewing tension in Liberia and advised
its citizens not to travel to this country because it was a risky terrain for travel
purposes (National Chronicle, May 10, 2012)

vi.

A special report, called the failed state index, published each year by the US Foreign
Policy Office and the Fund for Peace keeps rating Liberia year after year as very
critical among states that are at high risk of returning to conflict. Just in 2013, the
Report put Liberia at a very risky or critical point within the index, meaning that
Liberia is far from stability and could rupture into conflict at any time. Such rating,
according to the report, can be interpreted as a serious collapse in the overall
governance and management of the state. The report, in its breakdown by indicators,
states that Liberia has terribly declined by 6.1% in human rights, while its economy
faces a dreadful decline by 8.6% etc. Liberia has taken on a very dangerous trend of
sinking into the abyss each year as the reports are being released. For example, this
has been the countrys score card for successive 4 years since 2010, with each
progression in the figures indicating danger:

2010.91.7%
2011.94.0%
2012.93.3%
2013.95.1%

The Failed State Index not only highlights the normal pressures that all states
experience, but also identifies when these pressures push a state towards the brink of
failure or collapse. By highlighting pertinent issues in weak and failing states, the
Failed State Index and the social science framework and the software application
upon which it is built makes political risk assessment and early warning of conflict
accessible to policy makers and the public at large. (the People Newspaper, July
19,2013; the Concord Times Newspaper, July 19, 2013 etc.)

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vii.

Other recent newspaper headlines on the fate of this horrible warning, called Liberia,
include for example:
Imminent Dark Cloud: Liberias Political Future Appears Bleak (In Profile Daily,
December 3, 2014)
Fragile Liberia gets renewed UN Sanctions (In Profile Daily, December 15, 2014)
Liberia [A country broken down, that has no structure] says Dr. James T. Tarpeh
(New Dawn, July 2, 2014)
Root Causes of Civil Conflict Still Lingering (Daily Observer, February 3, 2015)
Finance Minister, Amara Konneh alluded to this precarious situation when he was
heard at some West-Africa Multi stakeholder conference held in Monrovia in
January 2015, when he said, We are so fragile that every 3 years or so, one
crisis comes and hits us (Fabric FM News, January 22, 2015)

16) An almost 2 century old nation, Liberias unemployment rate has never dropped below
85% (according to official records that she herself criminally falsifies at times, but
practically on ground, the country has NEVER, in its history ever convincingly provided
employment opportunity for even 2% of its population. Trying to make an empirical or
realistic sense of this situation quite recently, the Chairman of the newly-established
Peoples Unification Party (PUP) declared that the country actually has an
unemployment rate of 99% (the Focus Newspaper, February 5, 2015)
17) Each year that passes by, Liberias financial management performance scorecard
deepens into the red zone, depicting an even much bleaker future as we move on. For
example, Senator Isaac Nyenaboe, appearing on a local radio program, the New Dawn,
on June 3, 2014 outlined the countrys budget shortfall records for 3 successive fiscal
years as follows:

2011/2012..US$27 million
2012/2013..US$42 million
2013/2014..US$74.5 million
Later on, around early 2015, former Lofa County Senator Sumo Kuopie, who had just
served on the Senates Ways and Means Committee before his exit announced a
projected budget shortfall for 2014/2015 fiscal year to be around US$150 million etc.

In the midst of systematically tracking all these economic and social realities, a civil society
actor with some statistical knowledge should also be carefully taking stock of the key
peoples under whose watch these kinds of miseries are being produced in order to exert
informed pressure for social change. The set of 17 recorded hells of mess above, which is
just a drop in the ocean, have been a function of Americo-Liberian leaderships. Lets see
how. If one were to carefully put things into perspective, they would establish the below
Americo-Liberian unmatched influence over this society as follows:

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From the so-called date of independence of Liberia in 1847 to today, the country has had
24 presidential administrations, 22 of which have been exclusively Americo-Liberian
administrations, with the two somewhat Native presidency heavily influenced by them
again. This translates into the fact that these people have, and continue to be in complete
control of all state matters and state resources as well (natural, economic and human
resources) for the countrys current 168 years of Mickey Mouse independence. Even at
the sight of the very brutal killing of one of their own members, Tolbert, by Samuel Doe
for power, the Americo-Liberians, including current President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
could not wait to occupy political positions in this very bloody Does government all
because these peoples only vocation in life has been, and will continue to be
POLITICS, POWER, POLTICS, POWER, and nothing else the politics and power,
shamefully with which they can NEVER accomplish anything worthwhile owing to
their criminal and mentally inferior backgrounds as their former masters have repeatedly
told us. According to Professors Joseph S. Guannu and Tuan Wleh, within short time
after Tolberts assassination, Americo-Liberians had taken up positions in Doe
Government, including J. Rudolph Grimes, who was now Does Diplomatic Advisor
traveling the sub region and the world over to build Does image. The other Native reign
was a Moses Blah one month presidency in 2003, as Liberia transitioned from the
Charles Taylor regime to another Americo-Liberian national interim leadership in 2003.
Additionally, out of the 20 Americo-Liberian presidents not necessarily presidential
administrations, 10 were natural born Americans; meaning, they were all born in
America, and then at some point in time in their lives traveled to Liberia before
becoming presidents similarly to how the first governor of the Liberian Colony, Jehudi
Ashmun was reported to have come to Liberia to work as Governor to payback debts he
owed in New York. The remaining 10, including current president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
are all descendants of these terrible Black Americans.
As they claim today that they have begun incorporating Natives into their governments,
the Americo-Liberians 1822 design of criminally remaining superior and domineering
is still conspicuous. Considering this present regime for example, a careful observer will
recognize that out of the 17 questionable ethnic groups of Liberia, this one, the
professed owners of our land, has 8 out of the around 18 formal government ministries
in the Executive, constituting 44%, with converted indigenous, who have now fully
integrated into the Americo-Liberian class and culture, having 5 ministerial positions,
constituting 28% of the Executive; while 5 somewhat identified indigenous (who must
conduct themselves as pure loyalists and stooges or criminal collaborators) make up the
balance 5 ministerial positions, constituting the final 28% of the Executive Branch.
When the government was even more active; i.e. in its first few years after election, all
three branches were under the complete control of purely Americo-Liberian elements
that is, the President, the Speaker, the President Protemp, and the Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court, until Chief Justice Johnny Lewis completed his mission of denying the
over 500,000 largely indigenous elements who had died in the Liberian Civil War

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justice before resigning during the last term of the government. The bottom line
continues to remain that all powers MUST rest in the hands of the few AmericoLiberians, and the Boakais, Ngafuans, Konnehs, Nagbes etc. should continue to be mere
stooges who have to only implement and sometimes be vaguely complaining while
implementing. Justice Lewis ruled against the 30 year ban from politics placed on the
key players within the Liberian Civil Conflict, including President Sirleaf and several of
her key officials, for their direct roles in the sufferings and displacement of millions in
this country for over a decade, and the deaths of over 500,000. Justice Lewis said this
ban, recommended by the countrys Truth and Reconciliation Commission, was illegal
as it violated the constitutional rights of war actors like Madam Sirleaf and others to
holding public office, which is their inalienable right and property, but the over 500,000
that died and the millions that suffered excruciating circumstances in refugee and IDP
camps NEVER had any form of human or constitutional rights too. OH WHAT A
MISCHIEF MAKING STOCK OF PEOPLE CALLED THE AMERICOLIBERIANS!!!!!
All of these are happening when a government is in place and with an active civil society
community operating. Some of the many questions worth asking would then be for
example, (1) Even if people in government didnt know how to apply statistical theories to
change some of these ugly realities, and no one in civil society too can figure out what to do
or push for, in line with statistical theories, does common sense not expose some of these
numerous smoking guns leading to the problems here? (2) Dont these appalling realities
speak volumes of the huge honesty and governance deficits, backed by some other sinister
agenda at play here? (3) Does it take rocket science to know that something fundamentally
wrong and highly fishy is going on that must first be corrected if we are to ever move
forward?
In point 15 of the observations above, the Fund for Peace recognized a serious collapse in
the governance and management of the state. Of course, we know that governance and
management are playing key roles here, but for a whole society, that although might not be
that exposed to the natural sciences and engineering, has for centuries now, being exposed
to studies in the humanities and liberal arts in addition to further exposure to business
principles, to not be able to apply any single working concept or theory from any of these
beautiful fields in finding solution to common national problems up to this point should
adequately demonstrate how disastrous the lack of love and mutual respect for one another
can be. And what makes Liberias case the most difficult in this world is that the very
people who laid this foundation of hatred and ethnocentrism, and explicitly declared that
they came to pursue a vendetta against fellow Blacks here, were already established as
proven and born, hardcore criminals by the people that sent them here.
The many more questions that those few educated indigenous in government and civil
society should have been asking themselves by now, among others, are as follows:

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How on earth is it possible for an Americo-Liberian led policy to ever build good
schools and put into place good learning facilities when a huge majority of those who
will be benefiting from these facilities are the very indigenous people who the AmericoLiberians implicitly claimed in 1847 that they came to seek revenge against (A Short
History of the First Liberian Republic, p.2)
How will an Americo-Liberian led policy ever aggressively pursue a wholesome
functioning economic agenda that will create more jobs and genuinely put money into
the pockets of the Yarkpawolos, Nyensuahs and Kollies etc., massively, when these are
the very people who in the view of the Americo-Liberians were meant to remain sub
humans and second class? (Dont ever be fooled by the presence of the few Boakais,
Konnehs, Ngafuans etc. that you see proving to be on top of things in government today.
They have no ideological strength on their own. They will never engage their AmericoLiberian bosses, the Johnsons, McClains, and Bernards in any sustained ideological
debate. Even from the very date of their arrival here in 1822, these dangerous Black
American outcasts have always attracted a few loyalists and disciples from among the
Native population, who they only largely use as stooges and partners in crime. This
should not sound strange to you. Read about characters like Sao Bosso, Suacoco, and
the likes, to find out why they stand up tall in Liberian History over characters like the
great Mangbay Boyah or D. Twe.
How on Earth will an Americo-Liberian government-created policy ever build clean 4-5
lane roads and streets when bulk of the road users and pedestrians will be the savages
or wild beasts they talked about in A. Doris Banks Henries Civics for Liberian
Schools just in 1966?
Who told you an Americo-Liberian government-led policy will ever seek to unravel the
huge talents found in the Weahs, Sonkarleys, Segbwes, Debahs etc. in things like
football, when such unleashing of these peoples talents will disprove the AmericoLiberian claims that these names are inferior? Few of these names only got blessed
sometimes ago to hit the world radar because one indigenous man managed to have
interrupted the Americo-Liberian agenda for 10 out of 194 years
Who told you that it is even their wishes for us to live for long in the first place, before
they would ever think about building good healthcare systems, even if trillions of dollars
were ever pumped into the health sector, as innocent President Obama is thinking to
do? etc. and etc.
We could go on asking 100 more of these questions and all will match the Liberian situation
so beautifully, as the countrys name, flag, motto, etc. none serve the interest of the 16
ethnic communities today and will never serve it tomorrow. But key members of these
ethnic African communities are still waiting for God to send angels to come handle this
situation for us. Even the very few descendants of Americo-Liberian background who have,

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to some extent proven to be the outliers or positive variances from the majority, who know
this situation better and know that it will never change until men stand up to change it, have
decided to play the Pontius Pilate style by remaining neutral to the point that the country is
reaching its apocalypse. Mahatma Gandhi once said, Mankind is notoriously too dense to
read the signs that God sends from time to time. We require drums to be beaten in our ears
before we should wake up from our trance and hear the warning and see that to lose oneself
in all is the only way to find oneself.
So as we all delay the radical change of this situation by ourselves, the big questions we
should ask ourselves repeatedly should include, among others:
Did America lie when she said that the people she sent here were criminals that they
tried getting rid of from their society to get a piece of mind? (Niles Weekly Register,
April, 12, 1817;www.liberiapastandpresent.org; www.en.wikipedia.wiki/American
colonization_society etc)
If America didnt lie, then can criminals ever build a stable, peaceful and prosperous
nation?
If criminals can succeed at building a prosperous and successful nation, then would
mankind have any reason to believe God Almighty, our Creator? GOD FORBID!
Even if America denies today that she didnt send criminals here to sit over us and decide to
rule our destinies forever so harshly and ruthlessly with Americas backing, then whats
about other accounts and the current realities on ground 200 years on? Or, if someone wants
to refute the claim that the Americo-Liberians are predominantly criminals, with all their
established institutions including their very so-called government being criminal in
behavior and modus operandi, then how do we compromise all of the below points:
1) As we mentioned earlier on, when the debate to use the American Colonization Society
to find some place in Africa to dump their troublesome black elements was raging,
Congress, in one of her sessions acknowledged that the new place these people would
eventually be dumped will experience even more of evil than America was going
through at their hands during that time. (Niles Weekly Register, April 12, 1817,
www.liberiapastandpresent.org)
2) President Abraham Lincoln, before his presidency though, when he learnt about the
ACS purported agenda of sending free slaves to Africa in an effort to help civilize and
Christianize the benighted continent, he supported the idea, but later, when he
discovered the sinister intent behind the plan, he quickly backed off and declared the
scheme as immoral (www.en.wikipedia.wiki/American_colonization_society
3) John Randolph, a former slave owner and co-founder of the American Colonization
Society openly described the [targeted] free blacks of their ACS repatriation scheme as
promoters of mischief. (Idem)

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4) Apart from these and many more accounts from America herself, present, credible
opinion leaders, including Liberians themselves, constantly allude to the criminality of
the caliber of people America sent here, whose descendants and their few indigenous
collaborators continue today to wreak untold havoc on our people. For example:
Atty Koffi Woods, while making remarks at the African Methodist Episcopal
University Campus in Monrovia some time ago, attributed Liberias current mess to
the tragic return of the so-called freed slaves or blacks from America, saying among
others, that this event was what gave birth to the culture of marginalization, misuse
of power etc. that the country currently faces (Sky FM News, April 28, 2014)
In an October 20, 2014 Sky FM News interview, Pastor Solomon Juah of the Refuge
Baptist Church in Monrovia argued among other things that Liberia was not a
Christian state, neither was it established by God as people usually claim, but
instead, the country was established by criminals. In the direct words of the Pastor,
.We are gentiles. Criminals came and established this place as their farm, and we
are just fighting to change it, but it is not even changing.
According to Voice FMs Review of the Local Dailies for September 11, 2014, the
West Africa Info Post carried a back page story entitled, Liberia Governed By
Gangsters
5) Then comes next the question, if the founders of a nation are proven criminals, then
what kind of government and institutions will be in place in that nation? Of course, the
simplest answer will be a criminal government with criminal constituent institutions.
Just by saying criminal government is not enough; what are some strong prima facie
evidence that this whole thing called Liberian Government is a criminal body whose
workers are either conscious or unconscious of being parts of this criminal gang? Lets
back this claim with a few points below:
a. Please find and read every concession agreement that Liberia has signed, beginning with
the Monrovia Rubber Companys concession deal of 1894 to the last oil block deal
(Block 16 deal) of early December 2014 to find out for yourself how all these vital
business arrangements have been hugely and openly characterized by criminal
maneuvers and broad day robberies. To add a little more of strength to this argument, in
a trailer (or short publicity) that runs before the start of Love FMs Early Morning Talk
Show, Rep. Snowe is clipped confirming that the 52nd Legislature [as all others have
been always] was in the business of signing concession contracts that didnt serve the
interest of the nation ( this was heard by the author on February 20, 2014)
b. Appearing as guest on Sky FMs 50-50 phone-in talk show on September 22, 2014,
Front Page Africas Managing Editor Rodney Sieh said that donations from different

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sources coming to Liberia to boost her fight against Ebola were being recorded by the
government as purchases done by them.
c. A true confession from the current National Legislature was excerpted by a local daily
like this: According to the Legislators observations, the process of deriving a national
decision on the awarding of oil blocks through a well-designed and manipulated
international competitive bidding, serving as a mechanism to channel a national decision
is counterproductive and serves as a vehicle to defraud the country and enrich a
privileged few at the expense of the rest of the country..The action of the president
and her son to pervert the Public Procurement and Concessions Commissions Laws and
illegally award Block 13.. [This was a statement from the legislators themselves in
response to the first sale of Oil Block 13, a block which of course changed hands later
(National Chronicle, April 26, 2012)
d. Rep. Emmanuel J. Nuquaye, Chairman of the Houses Ways, Means and Finance
Committee, wrote Speaker Alex Tyler on the criminality of the government when he
evaluated the sales of Liberias first 10 oil blocks, excerpted as follows: We
established through NOCALs report that all of the existing production sharing contracts
violate sections 3.3, 3.4, and 3.7 of the Petroleum Law of 2002. Section 3.3 requires a
20% free carriage equity for NOCAL in all PSCs on behalf of the Liberian people;
Section 3.4 requires that 10% shares of each oil contract be made available at fair
market value for Liberians to buy and participate in the oil sector; and section 3.7
requires that 12-18% royalty of gross production be paid as tax to the Government of
Liberia ..Today, Hon. Speaker and members, we are confronted with the same
situation [referring to an earlier Firestone Contract renegotiation scenario] where 10
PSCs grossly and flagrantly violate the Petroleum Law. We are blessed that this is
happening under the authoritative gable of President Sirleaf, a great leader, who knows
the magic of renegotiating contracts to benefit Liberia.. (National Chronicle,
Wednesday, May 9, 2012)
e. During the heat of the Ebola crisis, which has already proven to be a criminal scheme
designed by the small Americo-Liberian elite to enrich themselves at the expense of the
blood of poor, innocent indigenous Liberians, Madam Sirleaf and her government were
criminally busy behind the scenes preparing bid documents to auction four of Liberias
oil blocks in the name of finding money to fight Ebola. The president herself admitted to
this deal according to http://insight.com.lr, and she listed the four blocks as LBs 6-7 and
16-17. www.frontpageafricaonline.com also confirmed the pending deals of these four
blocks when it reported on Global Witness stern criticism and opposition to such deal
in the midst of a major crisis. Some excerpts of this frontpageafricaonline.coms report
read, On August 5, 2014, the Government of Liberia announced the opening of the
Liberia Basin Bid Round for four off-shore oil blocks: 6,7,16 and 17 But the
introduction to this work reads, In urgent need of revenue to fight the countrys Ebola
epidemic, the Liberian Government has tendered four offshore oil blocks. Global

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Witness believes that, if these concessions are to benefit Liberia in both the short and
long-term, the primary model PSC and bidding documents need to be altered.
Safeguards should be included to improve transparency during the bid round; disclose
company ownership; ensure information is publicly available during companies
operations, and strengthen human rights protections etcGlobal Witness recognizes
[that] Liberias need for revenue is never more pressing than during this current Ebola
crisis; [GW also knows] that the Liberian Government would seek immediate funds in
the form of oil contract signature bonuses in order to provide desperately needed
medical supplies, outbreak education materialsetc., however, awarding oil
concessions quickly, and at the time when the government is in crisis, IS RISKY
The Liberian Government criminally ignored all of these concerns and sold the oil
blocks. Later, in December 2014, the Insight Newspapers online edition came up with
this caption, Four Oil Blocks Illegally Sold. Former National Oil Company boss,
Mr. Christopher Neyor made these comments, It is a pity that not only were these oil
blocks sold in the midst of the Ebola pandemic/epidemic and against the opposition of a
cross section of the citizenry, but the entire process was illegal under the prevailing
New Petroleum Law of Liberia adopted in June 2002.. He further said, having a strong
belief that some stealing is being perpetrated against the state, he will be forwarding the
information at his disposal to the Liberia Anti-Corruption for opening a full
investigation into the hurried and unwise selling of these oil blocks. The Liberian
Government herself confirmed sales of oil blocks, but limited this confirmation to Block
16 alone. (www.liberianobserver.com, December 19, 2014; www.heritagelibeia.net,
December 31, 2014)
f. While corruption rampages, and injustice abounds, and an already poor quality of
education further declines to the barest minimum, with evidently weak healthcare
services deteriorating day after day, the Liberian Government has been providing fake
statistics to the outside world to put them under the impression that all is well in the
country. For example, Liberia, has through some international network, been able to
convince the world of late that the countrys literacy rate has improved; life expectancy
rate has gone up; and Madam Sirleaf and her Finance Minister have been putting the
world under the impression that they have been growing the economy at a very
progressive rate of 7 to 9% per year wow!! And interestingly, these scams have been
working. This has been the secret though. According to a January 30, 2014 local report,
Representative Bhofal Chambers of Maryland County claimed he had observed,
investigated, and established that between 2006 and 2014, the Executive Branch had
used a total of US$263 million on [so-called] image building and public relations in the
international community. President Sirleaf tried to deny this claim, describing Rep
Chambers as an uninformed person, making preposterous claims, among other
insults, but later admitted through a letter she reportedly wrote the Legislature that some
small money was used for such purpose, but not that huge amount being claimed by

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Rep. Chambers. Instead of making more clarity on this issue to the Liberian populace,
Madam Sirleaf instead wrote a big book (letter) to the American Congress to talk about
her governments image building program, within which she named the usually
contracted firm. In her own words, this little firm, KRL, that follows up with Congress
and feeds us when they do things.(New Dawn, March 21, 2014) etc.
Even before the many criminalities of this current Liberian Government, which we could go
on listing here endlessly, every major record of the Liberian Government and its institutions
from the inception of their rogue state, as we have been narrating all through this literature,
has been marred by criminality, ranging from the state-sponsored selling of our people into
slavery to numerous other accounts of the immorality and dishonesty of the Legislature in
the handling of key issues as those of Samuel Seton and D. Twe, with their separate bills
seeking the interests of indigenous Liberians; their handling of the illegal 1871 coup against
E. J. Roye that was apparently masterminded by Joseph J. Roberts; their criminal handling
of the 1962 Portuguese Governments complaint against Liberias illegal recruitment of the
Natives into forced labor; and their 1945 law to extort $100 of regular payment from tribal
communities for representation within their criminal Legislature etc. all validate the claim
that Liberia is a rogue state with a very criminal gang called government.
(E) ISSUES OF CIVIL SOCIETY ADVOCACY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF
THE CURRENT 1986 LIBERIAN CONSTITUTION
The Liberian Government is so criminal that it feels very proud, for long years, to preside
over, and work with a so-called Organic Law of the Land, that was first of all crafted
under terribly unfavorable conditions, and worst of all, full of lies, unproductive assertions,
and criminal claims, and others. Of course making these strong points from observation is
one thing, and proving them beyond all reasonable doubts is another. So, lets go into a
little bit of details about what makes the so-called Liberian Constitution of 1986, the only
legal instrument this old, dull country keeps boasting of, as a big mess that should have
been rewritten ever since to match current realities and facts:
(A)Unfavorable Conditions under which the 1986 Constitution was written
A sound and reliable instrument that should set the basis for future stability and prosperity
must be written, or, at least its writing process must be headed by experienced, objective
and unbiased legal and civil society professionals that should be representative of all, and
be selected by a cross-section of the society. A sound constitutional process cannot be
headed and controlled by politicians alone, with experienced legal minds and civil society
experts taking the back seats. This is one major fault with the 1986 constitution that makes
it compelling for any nationalistic and civilized government to prioritize its rewriting not
necessarily reinventing the wheels. For example, the 1986 constitution was drafted by a
Committee chaired by a politician, Dr. Amos Sawyer, who had a short-term political
ambition for the presidency as evidenced by the set up shortly afterwards of his own

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political party, the Liberian Peoples Party, to take part in a pending presidential election.
Another committee, the 59-member National Constitutional Advisory Assembly appointed
to review Dr. Sawyers work, was set up by Politician Samuel Doe (head of the ruling
military junta), and chaired by another politician, Mr. Edward B. Kessely, appointed again
by Doe. Mr. Kessely too had a near-term presidential ambition. After all their work, the
overall approving authority was Mr. Samuel Doe and his Peoples Redemption Council, a
group consisting solely of primary to secondary school-level elements, with absolutely no
commanding and constructive idea and solution for what was going on in the country. THIS
ALONE WAS A HUGE DISASTER. (A Short History of the First Liberian Republic)
An all-encompassing national arrangement like a constitutional process, which leads to
long-term fruitful results, must happen under a peaceful and cordial atmosphere and must
involve the compulsory, but democratic, uncoerced, and unperturbed participation of all
national stakeholders. This was not the case with the 1986 constitution, whose writing
process went on from April 19, 1981 to March 1983. The head of the whole constitution
writing process, military man and President Doe, had just brutally killed 27 or more senior
and junior officials of the old government he was succeeding (according to official
historical accounts), 13, including Liberias best president ever, of which he disgracefully
executed in a gruesome fashion. By the year the Constitutional Committee was convening
to start work in 1981, just few months after the coup, things had already started going
haywire because secret beheadings, mischievous disappearances and unwarranted
harassments of old government officials and perceived old government supporters were the
order of the day, as Mr. Doe, by that same year, 1981, had already killed 7 out of his 17
PRC
members,
on
suspicion
of
them
plotting
to
overthrow
him
(www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Liberia).
Meanwhile,
the
Constitutional
Committee was working for this man and his already disorganized and fear-stricken group
to do the final editing and approval of their work the new Constitution of Liberia. The
question remains, what objective work can be done under such a dreadful atmosphere?
What civil society today has to say about just these two points?
(b)Unproductive Claims
The whole preamble of the 1986 Constitution raises too many questions and doubts. For
example, one would wonder, what are the many experiences that culminated into the
revolution being alluded to? And what is our 21st century definition of a revolution here? If
this were a true revolution that deserves mentioning in such a somewhat proud and positive
sense in the preamble of our organic laws, then what has its positive vector been thus far;
meaning, what positive, widespread and durable impacts of this claimed revolution are
being felt by society today? Has the claimed rampant corruption for which Doe gruesomely
murdered Tolbert subsided let alone been eradicated? Had it not been for these barbaric
killings of our fellow citizens in 1980, would we not have realized that all of our people,
regardless of history, tradition, creed etc. were of one and only the same body politic? Ooh,

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so we need to get on the rampage like wild animals and start killing each time before
coming to this realization, right? God forbid!!!
A continuous recognition of that non-ideological, uncivilized and barbaric act of 1980 as a
revolution worth mentioning in the preamble of our constitution for current and future
generations to keep referencing is in our opinion counterproductive. This event, though
could be referred to, as one of the countrys darkest moments, violent insurrections, and
immorality tales etc. because it didnt offer us any sustained benefit for which we should
proudly refer to it as a revolution it just brought us more shame and disgrace as usual. A
civilized people, no matter how deeply rooted and numerous their differences are, like the
one America has created between her Americo-Liberians and the original 16 ethnic groups
that own this country, should not be so fast at indulging into violence and constant
bloodletting as this country has now adopted. The word revolution, from its Latin root,
revolutio, according to Wikipedia, is a significant turnaround that results into major changes
in the culture, economy etc. and the social and political institutions of a country or region.
Every true revolution must have a strong positive vector; that is, a powerful urge, and a
sustainable roadmap or formula for making things better in the society at least for good.
And finally, revolution, especially in its 21st century definition or connotation does not
necessarily mean a violent insurrection as many people may see it. In this age and time, a
genuine political revolution can achieve its objectives through peaceful means, or with very
minimal violence, depending on the reaction of the power that be. But whichever of these
two that works, in the end, the bottom line of a true revolution, whatever the method,
duration, motivating ideology, and the number of participating actors etc., is a palpable and
sustained positive change in certain key aspects of society, including culture, economics,
social fabric and politics. If we agree with these characterizations of a true revolution, then
even a 5 year old will disagree with the argument in our 1986 constitutions preamble,
which eventually will render that instrument useless for our consumption now.
The overriding perception, and thus the pillar upon which the Liberian Second Republic
(the object of this 1986 constitution) was laid, was that after 133 years of failed leadership,
cruelty and embarrassment to nationhood conducted by the Americo-Liberians, it was time
for the indigenous Liberians to govern. The Plain Truth Revolution believes that this was,
and continues to be a gravely distorted portrayal of the real situation and problem. While it
is true that the Americo-Liberians had dismally failed over and over and again (as expected
of any group of criminals), the lasting solution to our countrys problem continues to
remain a more foundational, rudimentary and structural one, requiring a more holistic
approach other than just enthroning an indigenous element into the presidency as the PRC
and others at the time saw it, and as others still sadly see it today. Little did they know that
by just enthroning a Native, and just any Native for that matter over this fake national
structure, and still moving ahead with its incredible falsehoods, was more like constructing
additional storeys over a lopsided and eerie old building already doomed to crumble to the
ground any time so disastrously.

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(c) Lies Within the Current 1986 Constitution

Due to its criminal foundation and continuously criminal modus operandi, the Liberian
Government is full of chicaneries, tricks and addifice, and all sorts of dishonest behaviors.
For example, to chicane (from the word chicanery) means to trick or deceive in order to
outwit or gain undue advantage over another. When we discussed relationships through
contracts earlier, we said voidable, unilateral, informal or implicit contracts could be voided
or terminated anytime along the way because they largely lack the ingredients for legal
enforceability, like the Liberian Social Contract. But even if a contract claims to be the
other way round, that is, valid, formal, explicit/expressed and bilateral, it can still be voided
or terminated by anyone of the contracting parties (in this case, the citizens, especially in a
social contract) for one, or a combination of any or all of the acts below, when proven:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Chicanery
Fraud
Misinterpretation
Undue Influence
Duress, etc.

The current Liberian Social Contract is highly characterized by each of these criminal
realities. Lets see for example how the so-called organic law of the land (the 1986
Constitution) is full of chicanery, fraud, misrepresentation etc. thus making many persons
still identifying with Liberia, as citizens today, to be doing so due to some form of
economic, political, psychological or other forms of duress:
Article 5 stresses 3 things: (i) the government should design all of its policies and
activities in the spirit of national integration and unity, and should promote all citizens
participation in governance.
This is a big LIE from all indications. When you keep 98% of the people either un or
undereducated and limit their participation in governance to a mere going to the polls to
vote so as to legitimize your so-called democracy, then you are a cruel thief. When in a
country, more than 85% are living under $1.00 per day, but you have people walking home
with US$22,000 or more per month who are not creating any wealth or implementing any
good policies in the interest of the general population, then you the presiders over this
constitution are big criminals. When you still have a name that says, Everybody in this
country left from North America and came here for the love of liberty, when in reality, the
Bassa man, the Kru man, the Gio man, etc. each left from elsewhere and came here for
different reasons (ranging from finding suitable farmlands to finding better trading
environments etc.); and you continue to have a flag, with other symbols and awards backing
your love of liberty brought us here theory, then you who are presiding over such an
organic law are a ghastly miscreant that deserves no place in modern civilization. (Note:
Every point we make in this section has already been further proven elsewhere, especially
in the preceding sections of this literature, so please take your time to read all this work
before you make any conclusions about the validity of these big claims.)

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(ii)All positive Liberian cultures should be preserved.

If Liberia ever has cultures, which you havent explicitly defined yet, then of course, those
cultures will definitely be criminal in nature.
(iii) The government should always take steps to eliminate all forms of discriminations
such as sectionalism and tribalism, including such other negatives as the abuse of power,
the abuse of national resources, nepotism and other corrupt practices.
Everything said here is a big LIE, as these vices continue to remain the very cornerstone of
Liberias treacherous foundation. Resources are abused at will by the so-called leaders with
impunity; if for example nepotism were a crime in Liberia, then of course President Sirleaf
would have been behind bars long since, as even the USAID, in one of her governance
stakeholders survey reports, claims that Madam Sirleaf has transformed the Liberian
Government into a family business enterprise and a family and cronies paradise. We dont
even want to mention previous governments here. And if corruption were a crime in
Liberia, then President Sirleaf would have by now even been condemned to capital
punishment as the very Diaspora Liberians shes campaigning to bring into government
formally under the canopy of dual citizenship rights have declared her as the Chief
Executive Officer for the Corruption Industry in Liberia, not to mention the double
corruption championship titles she and her Liberia continue to defend from Transparency
International (www.theperspective.org, October, 13, 2014, www.ustoday.org etc.).For
discrimination and sectionalism, theres no need talking about them here again because it
will be a misuse of valuable resources as these are ubiquitous norms in Liberia probably
the positive culture that they talked about above for us to preserve.
Article 6 says, for the social, economic, and political wellbeing of the state, the Republic
shall provide equal access to educational opportunities and facilities for all citizens to the
extent of available resources and shall provide mass quality education to eliminate
illiteracy.
WHAT A DAMNED BIG LIE!!!! If you tell this to a 3 year old, he will surely search for
rock to stone the hell out of you). A country wherein people still sit on the floor to learn; a
country wherein, over 10,000 students would take a public test, and all would fail etc., can
never attain any of these - come on!
Check out Article 7 It says, for the welfare of all, and the national economic
development of the state, the Republic shall manage its economy and natural resources
properly.
WHY LIE AGAIN HERE MY PEOPLE, GOD SEES ALL THESE THINGS, OH!
Probably, whats obtaining in these directions here in Liberia is the Americo-Liberians
understanding of careful management. But if they really understood the Queens language,
as they always pretend, then careful management of your economy and natural resources
doesnt mean selling your productive lands at 6 cents per acre for 99 years and selling oil
blocks for amounts so embarrassing to the ears, that you yourself are shame to announce it
to your own citizens. Careful management of your economy does not mean putting 20 25
government officials onboard planes to fly to 3 continents for 3 weeks, begging for money

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in the name of going to advocate for After Ebola Marshall Plan, especially after your own
carelessness to avert the problem from its initial stage etc. and etc.
Article 8 The Republic shall ensure equal opportunities for employment and livelihood
under just and humane conditions for all.
Please Stop Lying Like This. The Plain Truth Revolution keeps telling you over and over
and again that God has told us through King Solomon, in Proverbs 6:16-19 that He hates
Lies. If this country had equal opportunities for livelihood, then for example, would others
at this age and time be feeding from dump sites so broadly? Would others by this age and
time still be having no access (neither now, nor even in the distant future) to safe drinking
water, electricity, healthcare etc. all because a certain class of people feel comfortable that
once they can get a semblance of these things now, then all is fine, and for some of the
other services that they cant get here at good quality, they and their families can get it from
abroad? Would others be working for over 12 hours a day, like police and other civil
servants, and still be earning $100 or less, while miscreants come down from America and
be earning over US$22,000 per month? etc.
Article 10 The Republic shall ensure that the constitution is taken to all, and is taught
at all institutions of learning.
WHAT A BROAD DAY FALSEHOOD!! More than 99% of the people in this country
dont even know what a constitution is, neither have they seen a copy somewhere before, so
STOP LYING!!
Article 11 (a) All persons are born equally free and independent, with certain natural,
inherent, and inalienable rights, including enjoying and defending life and liberty,
pursuing and maintaining the security of the individual person(c) All persons are
equal before the law and are entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms, including
equal protection under the law
All these beautiful assertions are just mere fibs in Liberia. Anybody hearing these talks in
this country and putting their faith and confidence in them is just sadly digging early grave
for themselves. VERY SAD TO KNOW THIS!! Instead of these talks above, the truth of
the matter is that the very vast majority of the population of this country (those referred to
as the ordinary Natives or ordinary indigenous) live at the mercy of a small class of people
calling themselves the Americo-Liberians and their few Native collaborators. There are
very sufficient historical proofs of how these Native people have been sold into slavery by
the Americo-Liberians; made to work on government officials and foreign capitalists
farms against their own will; and of late, being used as dependent variables in mass deadly
biohazard tests and experiments etc, apart from their huge potentials already being held
hostage by the Americo-Liberian hegemony and policies to the extent that almost all die
unachieved etc. The cruel policies designed by these Black American Immigrants from the
onset of their country have worked and continue to work persistently against all interests of
indigenous peoples both openly and secretly. For example, it has been the plan of this selfimposed upper class that the Native man should never live long; he should never be welleducated, and for him to remain uninformed and indigent forever etc. These plans continue
to work in different forms today. Every good thing said in this Article 11 does not apply to
this over 95% constituency of the Liberian society, but instead, it applies to the so-called

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Congo boys, their children, and their few indigenous collaborators. For example, on a
local news cast on December 13, 2013, it was reported that Acting Paynesville City Mayor,
Cyvette Gibson had to travel to America to seek medical attention after claiming that she
was exposed to smoke coming out of the flames of a burning stockpile of dirt in the
Monrovia Paynesville suburb while she was either driving or passing by, but after the
Armed Forces of Liberia had carelessly handled a situation in the slum community of West
Point in Monrovia, where a 16 year old lad was negligently killed by them, with another
seriously sustaining bullet wounds all to his stomach, the victim, little Titus Noah, was
denied requests from him and his parents that he be taken abroad for treatment due to the
enduring criticality of his problem. Information Minister, Lewis Brown, addressing
opened-stomach, and exposed intestines-Titus Noahs request on behalf of the
Government said Liberian health experts had advised the Government that there was no
need to fly Titus out because Liberian doctors could ably handle the situation (ELBC,
September 10, 2014). Titus is reportedly still around receiving some superficial treatment
and sadly only awaiting his early, untimely death anytime like what happened to his 16
year-old friend Shakie Kamara. SAD TO MENTION THIS!!
Apart from this incident, while the Liberian Government can officially use tens, if not
hundreds of thousands of US Dollars to invite the grandnephew of President Sirleaf, a high
school student, Estrada Bernard, III, to travel to Liberia from Alaska, the United States, to
come and participate as a consultant in debates on the countrys emerging hydrocarbon
sector (a subject that even his own grandaunt, Madam Sirleaf knows nothing much about,
and the lad even admitted he knew nothing much about too), all of the worst things in the
news, on the other hand, are happening to the children of ordinary Yarkpawolos, Dolos,
Kollies, who are not criminally well-connected. Just to mention a few:
During Madam Sirleafs ill-conceived and negligently illegal quarantine of West Point
as we partially mentioned above, 16 year-old Shakie Kamara got carelessly killed by the
armed forces and the government decided to just sweep all this under the carpet as they
always do. But after some international pressures, Madam Ellen Sirleaf and her
government accepted the fault, and the only thing that ever came out of this injustice is
some vain apology. This could NEVER have happened to the children of the Bernards,
McClains, Roberts, Johnsons etc.
If you do a house to house check in the homes, vehicles and other belongings of the
small original Americo-Liberian class and their collaborators in this country, you will
definitely see each of them with their revolvers and other forms of handguns and deadly
weapons for self-defense, which should be a legal practice for all citizens. But they have
tightened the screws so that ordinary citizens dont own one of these self-protecting
weapons or implements for their own self-defense, but to remain at the mercy of
criminals perpetually. So for example, if an ordinary Kollies 10 year-old girl child is
being raped, and he gets on that scene, he will only have to use his bare hands in pursuit
of the rapist or call a police force which will have to spend hours trying to find some
car, and after finding one, will drive for hours on very bumpy roads to search for the
crime scene in an old-stone age country whose municipalities and communities have no
zoning standards. A Kollie has this same fate when for example his home is being
attacked by armed robbers. As a result, crimes like rape, armed robberies etc. are
widespread because the victims are, and will always be the ordinary indigenous people.
In late January 2015 for instance, a little girl of 12 years, one Musu Fofana, among

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many countless cases, was raped, but later salvaged alive by her parents while the rapist
was freely having his honey moon around in the same community. While little Musu
was being rushed to a 3rd health facility after two had already rejected her, another group
of police, after the first group had reportedly given the already frustrated family a pass
to rush their bleeding daughter to hospital, detained the family for hours until the little
child died finally (LIB 24 Radio, January 25, 2015). The rapist only got arrested later on
probably because he least expected his victim to die. This kind of sad fate can never
befall the children of the Johnsons, Normans, Kings, Tubmans etc. in Liberia. In fact,
almost all of their children are abroad.
In another typical case, one Josephine Tarpeh narrated on Fabric FM how she was hit by
a jeep belonging to Sen. Sando Johnson in June of 2013; she followed the case along
with her mother to the Liberian courts; received no redress to the point that her mother
died of the frustration from the corrupt court process. After struggling with her trouble
for a year or two, Josephine ended up crippled, with other major health problems. The
Americo-Liberian Senator agreed, according Fabric FM that it was his unlicensed jeep,
but that he was out of the country during the incident. (Fabric FM News, February,
2015). All these kinds of grave human rights abuses of the indigenous people either end
up being swept under the carpet or receiving some scam redress if pressure is mounted
from too many quarters. Needlessly to go into more of this, as they are so
overwhelming.
Article 11 (c) criminally mentions how all persons are equal before the law and are
entitled to the fundamental rights and freedoms, including equal protection under the
law
On the contrary though, just as President Obama once mentioned how in some countries,
there are separate sets of laws for the different groups of people, Liberia has 3 sets of laws
one set for the Americo-Liberians in general, one for the so-called well-connected, and the
other ruthless set of laws is for the ordinary Yarkpawolos. It may interest you to discover
that even if a Williams or Bryant etc. were seen broad day rampaging and killing a
swarm of indigenous peoples children or stealing millions of dollars of the countrys
wealth broad day etc. the Liberian so-called legal system will do all it can to acquit that
Williams or Bryant in the end prematurely. Lets look at a few examples here:
a) An Americo-Liberian, Hans Williams, was raring a beautiful indigenous female
Liberian, little Angel Togba, at the age of 13. In November of 2007, little Angel was
found hanging dead in one of the bathrooms at Mr. Williams residence. In 2008, Mr.
Williams and his wife were arrested and charged with murder, with pressure from
womens groups and the international community, for raping and strangulating this little
child to death. They were tried and found guilty by a 12-member jury in March 2010
and sentenced to death by hanging probably to ease the existing tension. During these
proceedings, according to their lead defense, Cllr. Frank Musa Dean, 3 autopsies or post
mortem tests were performed on little Angels body two established that she died as a
result of asphyxiation or choking to death, and the other established that she was
sexually abused before her death; meaning, all three post mortem reports established
that Angel was tempered with by her guardian before her death; thus, confirming Mr.
Williams guilt and legitimizing Judge Blamo Dixons guilty verdict (though it came
under immense pressure). But the lawyers for this Americo-Liberian man took an

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appeal. During this appeal, according to the same Cllr. Dean, the court invited a
different team of pathologists, this time, an American team. Note: the first three
different teams had reportedly come from Cuba. This last team from the Nebraska
Institute of Forensic Sciences in the USA came in at a time when the country was deeply
into the Ebola crisis, and at a time when those womens groups and the international
communitys attentions were now on a different thing, Ebola. The USA team
clandestinely conducted its part of autopsy in August 2014, concluding that little Angel
Togba died of suicide. The Supreme Court quickly convened to hear the appeal and
Americo-Liberian Hans Williams was acquitted, with news (from the grapevine) that he
was swiftly whisked out of the country immediately during the heat of the Ebola crisis
(Frontpage Africa, August 18, 2014; Daily Observer, August 27, 2014).
Some other key points to consider in this particular case are as follows: According to
www.pbs.org, a private post mortem test within America costs between $3 - $5,000. So
we can safely assume here that a public, international autopsy will cost around $10,000 $15,000. Lets assume the maximum here, because of the distance between Cuba and
Liberia or the USA and Liberia. Then next, lets look at transportation across continents.
According to www.farecompare.flights, the average airfare of a single trip between
Liberia and America is around $900, presumably applicable to Liberia-Cuba or this can
be augmented by around $100. Secondly, lets assume that teams of at least 5 persons
flew in or came each time to conduct each of these tests; just to set this one AmericoLiberian man free after it has been proven beyond all reasonable doubts that he had a
hand at least in the death of indigenous Angel Togba. So our rough Math of the total
costs here could be done as follows:
All tests ($15,000 x 4)..$60,000
Transportation, Liberia-Cuba [(5 x $1,000 x 2) (3)]....$30,000
Transportation, Liberia-USA [(5 x $900 x 2) (1)]..$9,000
Total
$99,000
If you include other miscellaneous outlays, plus the biggest expense of all (what might
have been given to the Nebraska Pathologist to come and put all these reports in favor of
Mr. Williams during the confusing heat of a major health crisis, as America or
Americans, have almost always stood by their Americo-Liberians against every
indigenous interest, we will be talking around US$500, 000 or more just to let this one
Williams off the hook for being guilty of having some part to play in the death of a
Togba.
Meanwhile, every week or two as you monitor news from the Liberian Judiciary, you
will always hear of convictions, long sentences, death sentences, and lost appeals all
against the Broplehs, Pewees, and the Jlues etc. of this country. While the Liberian
Government was spending around US$500,000 and imposing some unnecessary state of
emergency apparently, just to set one broad day Americo-Liberian convicted murderer
and rapist off the hook and subsequently whisking him out of the country reportedly to
greater relief probably to their home, America, just between 2014 and early 2015, these
are some of the sentences, humiliations and lost appeals in the Liberian Court records:
b) Around 2011 or thereabouts, just as ethnic Liberians have always been used as canon
fodders by the Monrovia settler elite, Ellen, in an effort to please her reported former
World Bank colleague and Ivorian counterpart (President Quatara), and to also make the

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international community feel that shes working so hard, decided to use her security
forces to illegally arrest 18 Grand Gedians, who were with their families at their various
homes and business places in Grand Gedeh County on allegation of their involvement
with some war activities in neighboring Ivory Coast. According to Cllr. Tiawon
Gongloe, these people were not arrested at the border while going to, or coming from
Ivory Coast with arms or ammunitions, or any warlike materials in preparation for
military engagement, or, recruiting for the battlefront. The counselor further clarified
that there was no evidence that these poor Grand Gedians were arrested by the Ivorian
Government and turned over to the Liberian Government based on some bilateral
arrangement in the form of any mutual assistance or for mutual diplomatic reasons. He
further indicated that the Ivorian Government did not submit to the Liberian
Government any list of persons, including the convicted, suspected by the said
government of committing acts of mercenarism in their country that escaped to Liberia
etc. But in the midst of all these and many glaring facts surrounding the blatant
violations of these poor peoples rights, the Liberian Government, after keeping them
under pre-trial detention for over 3 years or so, went ahead, through their Criminal Court
D, on June 10, 2014 and convicted them for mercanism, sentencing them to life
imprisonment (Daily Observer, December 2, 2014). They earlier freed five, probably the
well-connected ones, before handing down judgment against 13.
c) According to a local radio report on September 2, 2014, a school principal, one Klado
Kiaye of Telegbo Town, Rivergee County, was sentenced to life by the courts after been
judged guilty for the reported kidnapping of a 3 year old who was later found dead
d) In late August 2014, one of Liberias Criminal Courts brought down judgment against
one Pewee Flomo, a Junior Accountant at the National Oil Company (a company always
in the news for all the big criminal deals in this country) for two years for some claimed
US$16,000 theft, while at the same time requesting Pewee to restitute this money
(ELBC, August 27, 2014). Meanwhile, criminal indictments have been hanging behind
many big names at NOCAL, some former top names, for years now, who would just not
one day appear in court until all the noise dies down.
e) In January 2015, Criminal Court D sentenced former Finance Officer of the National
Drugs Service, Mr. Wesley Jlue to 5 years imprisonment [for what they said] was
stealing US$179,183.06 from the NDS account (Liberia News Agency, January 12,
2015)
f) In early August 2014, news broke up that one of the sons of President Sirleaf, Fumba
Sirleaf, head of the National Security Agency (NSA), had connived with a Lebanese,
named Ali Nasser to dupe 4 Korean businessmen of over US$240.000, claiming the
Koreans had counterfeited this money. When the Koreans stood their grounds, the
situation reached the desk of the Justice Minister, Christiana Tah. In her (the Justice
Ministers) effort to intervene, the presidents son refused to comply with any form of
investigation, with backing reportedly from his mother something that led to the
resignation of the Justice Minister. A few times afterwards, the President set up a
committee to investigate this embarrassment. Careful not to allow the hard truths temper
with their relationship with the president, but also conscious of the gross foul play that
had taken place, the Special Presidential Committee headed by Louis Arthur Grimes
Law School Dean, Cllr. David A. B. Jallah concluded their work by recommending a

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refund of the Koreans US$247,500, and the subsequent [firing or suspension] of the
five common persons the arresting officers used by the NSA boss to effect the
operation, for them to go and face justice, while letting the NSA boss himself, son of the
president, off the hook (http://nationalchronicleliberia.com, August 2, 2014; In Profile
Daily, November 18, 2014 etc)
Madam Sirleaf claims to be an iron lady, but as obvious in the world of the AmericoLiberians, her axe only falls on the Pewees, Yakpazuos, Dargosehs etc. or anyone working
largely in the interest of these kinds of surnames. For example, apart from the countless
recycling shes doing of the Werners, Davids, Bushes, and Parkinsons, and the few loyal
Ngafuans etc. even if they were proven to be performing poorly or their very hands were
caught in the corruptions cookies jar, this is a woman who also issues ultimatums to her
close friends and cronies in government, and sometimes even announces their dismissals or
transfers, but criminally, these very people will still be seen behind their desks the next day.
A case in point is a list of officials Madam Sirleaf claimed she had fired because they broke
her ultimatum to come back to the country in two weeks during the so-called Ebola war.
According to Fabric FM, the names of these claimed dismissed officials of government
were even placed on the Executive Mansions website. But later the station established
through their investigation that these very people returned home, some of them one to two
months later and took back their seats with ease. Fabric FM listed some of them as Madam
Wheatonia Dickson Barnes, Madam Victoria Lynch, and Mr. Hilary Sirleaf etc. Meanwhile
this is a president that fires the perceived plebeians without any second thought, especially
those plebeians of Native descent. She does this with the greatest of energy and aggression.
Topping Ellens dismissal list include, for example:
REASON
FOR
DATE/SOURCE
DISMISSAL

# NAME

TITLE

1 Rixck Barsi-Giah

Deputy Minister Gross

of Information
insubordination

(January 2015),
ELBC, January 20,
2015

2 Aloysius Jappah

Deputy Minister
of State for Legal
For soliciting bribes
and
Economic
Affairs

(2009), Credible
Source

3 Charles Dargoseh

(2007),
Deputy Minister Alleged granting of
www.panapress.com,
of Lands & Mines bogus licenses
March 27, 2007

4 James Konuwa

(2007),
Asst. Minister of Alleged granting of
www.panapress.com,
Lands & Mines
bogus licenses
March 27, 2007

5 Michael Wah

( 2013),
Assistant Minister Some alleged corrupt
www.allafrica.com,
of Labor
act
May 9, 2013

6 Mulbah Jackollie

Principal,

Boker Some administrative ( 2013),

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Washington
Institute
7 Agnes Kaamon etc.

reason

Assistant Foreign
Unexplained
Minister

www.allafrica.com,
May 9, 2013
( 2013),
www.allafrica.com,
May 9, 2013

Madam Sirleafs war on corruption is so lopsided to the point of truly exposing the
Americo-Liberians usual sinister agenda against the Natives at every level. Lets bring in
few examples again:
With scam and false pretense, Ellens corruption war mainly started with the prosecution of
big Americo-Liberian names like Charles Gyude Bryant, Edwin Snowe, Orishall Gould and
Richard Divine and probably a few others. All of the four mentioned above were big fishes
in one of the reportedly corrupt interim governments ever in the countrys history, if not the
most. These big four were charged with economic crimes, including economic sabotage etc.
But at the end of the day, all were acquitted one by one because of what of the Liberian
Judicial System described as lack of evidence (www.theperspective.com, citing
www.liberiatech.com). Amnesty International, in her 2010 report described these acquittals
as a major setback in the fight against corruption (http://www.amnesty.org). Still in her
fight against corruption, it got established, according to the Daily Observer Newspaper of
September 7, 2009 that Madam Sirleaf would either reshuffle proven corrupt officials, or
turn them over to the Internal Affairs Ministry where they will escape being bothered by
any form of justice proceedings and would continue to enjoy her unhindered protection, or
she would allow them simply resign honorably, especially if it meets their acquiescence. As
few cases in point, former Agriculture Minister, Dr. Chris Toe and former Public Works
Minister Louseni Donzo (two Natives turned Americo-Liberians due to their links now with
America or their loyalty to the status quo), were never investigated for crimes of fiscal
mismanagement. Dr. Toe, who in addition to allegations of bribery, allegedly emptied the
Rubbers Planters Associations bank account of US$400,000, was allowed to honorably
resign in place of prosecution. Mr. Donzo, who was also accused of mismanaging several
road development projects funds, was reshuffled to the position of Infrastructure Advisor
to the President. Rennie Jackson, Superintendent of Bong County, was suspended for
having mismanaged county development funds in the amount of half a million United
Dollars. He was later reinstated to his position. Mr. T. Nelson Williams of the so-called
Liberia Petroleum Refining Company has evidently stolen, mismanaged financial and other
resources, breached all sorts of professional ethics countlessly etc., but Madam Sirleaf
vowed never to touch him, and he served at her will for up to 6 unbroken years before she
decided to ask him to rest for a while as she looks around for new opportunities for him, in
an effort to apparently please or impress the West after she returned shortly from a trip to
America that afforded her to meet the Whitehouse. (FrontPage Africa, February 13, 2012;
Daily Observer, August 31, 2012; Heritage Newspaper, August 28, 2013; Heritage
Newspaper, September 3, 2013; Microscope Newspaper, January 28, 2013; The People
Newspaper, January 30, 2013; the New Democrat Newspaper, March 19, 2013 etc. and
etc.). The Liberia Anti-Corruption Commission brings up lists of indictees periodically just
to appease their international donors and to scam the Liberian populace, but most of those
names will never one day go to court, or even if they went to court due to some external
pressure, they will never be punished. Several examples include former Commerce Minister

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Miatta Beslow (Microscope, November 5, 2014); Clemenceau Urey, former Board

Chairman of the National Oil Company of Liberia (NOCAL), Cllr. Stephen Dunbar of
NOCAL, Dr. Foday Kroma, NOCAL, Mr. David Kortee, Friend of the President and
Private Publisher; Mr. J. Milton Teahjay, former Superintendent now turned Senator; Hon.
Adolph Lawrence; Speaker Alex Tyler etc. (www.frontpageafricaonline.com) etc. These,
and many more special names would be called or indicted in this Liberia over and over and
again, but would NEVER one day enter in court to answer any question or be found guilty
of any crimes, if they ever went to court. Then how would Article 11 ever convince us that
all persons are equal before the law? WHY KEEP INVITING CURSE UPON
YOURSELF WITH SUCH BROAD DAY LIES IN AN INSTRUMENT YOU CALL A
CONSTITUTION?
But even more disgusting, it will appall you to note that the very president under whose
gable all these kinds of uncivilized and savage injustices are taking place, is the same one
who will be so aggressively exercising power on the ordinary people especially those of
non-Americo-Liberian backgrounds. Take the following as examples again:
a. The very Sirleaf whose government has the proven track records above, was brave to
use her surrogate, Dr. Chris Toe, through the rotten Judiciary, to indict and subsequently
convict Journalist Rodney Sieh of the FrontPage Africa Newspaper for libel, fining him
US$1.5 million. In place of the fine was a jail term of over 5,000 years, just because
Journalist Sieh had published issues surrounding their corruption. Mr. Sieh was sent to
jail, but with the help of God and the outcry of the entire world, he was released a few
weeks later a release which later caused Madam Sirleaf and her underground actors
again, to suspend the Justice Minister for 6 months for making such compromise. (Note
that the Justice Minister, Madam Christiana Tah, being a Native, and not apparently a
part of their Americo-Liberian clique that wants to see everything work against the
indigenous people had to add this unfair treatment to others that we had listed some time
earlier, to just finally resign from their so-called government.) (www.gnnliberia.com
etc.)
b. Some time around late 2010 to early 2011, Albert Bropleh, then Chairman of the Board
of Commissioners of the Liberia Telecommunications Authority (LTA) was accused and
indicted by the government for some alleged administrative and financial malpractices
surrounding the use of US$72,000. Mr. Bropleh was arrested, handcuffed and disgraced
in the streets of Monrovia and taken to jail according the National Chronicle Newspaper.
c. Another Bropleh, Rev. Dr. Lawrence Bropleh, former Information Minister, was
disgracefully fired by Madam Sirleaf on some US$300,000 issue and dragged to court,
although according to local media reports, he was later acquitted by the Liberian
Judiciary.
d. Just because a few members of his Board team were accused of demonstrating some
conflict of interest, Native Professor Wilson Tarpeh was out rightly fired by President
Sirleaf from the Board Chairmanship of the Liberia Petroleum Refining (Storage)
Company for in her words, as derived from the General Auditing Commission,
allowing conflict of interest to flourish and his entire board dissolved. (FrontPage
Africa, July 7, 2011).

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e. We also mentioned above, how in addition to these, this Americo-Liberian President has
always been so fast at firing the Jappahs, Barsi Gias, Wahs, Dargosehs etc. So Beyond
All Reasonable Doubts, Article 11 Of The Liberian Constitution Is A Damned Big
Lie!!
Article 20 (b) says, Justice should be done without sale, delays, or denial.
Needless to go through too much headache of proving this provision to be another BIG LIE,
as authorities of the Liberian court system themselves and the countrys president, all, can
attest to the falsehood of this provision with ease. But lets make one point each. If as
credible as the US State Department is, its Human Rights Reports on Liberia will almost
always bring the below findings and claims about how money exchanges hands in the
Liberian Judicial System, then theres no need to still maintain Article 20 (b) on the books.
Section 4 of this US State Department Report, entitled, Official Corruption and
Government Transparency, normally has this assessment of our courts: Judges were
susceptible to bribes from damages that they awarded in civil cases. Judges sometimes
requested bribes to try cases, release detainees from prison, or find defendants not guilty in
criminal cases. Defense attorneys and prosecutors sometimes suggest that defendants pay a
gratuity to appease judges, prosecutors, jurors and police officers or to secure favorable
rulings from them. (The 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 etc. reports, all bring in these same
findings.). Just in a single case of proof from the horses mouth, among countless, Cllr.
Juma Karnley of the Bomi County Magisterial Court said in an ongoing court proceeding
on December 17, 2013, that 5 jurors and 2 sheriffs and a bailiff were caught receiving
bribes from the defense. (Fabric FM, December 17, 2013)
Then on the issue of delays, if Article 20 (b) were true, then Madam Sirleaf would not be
complaining about a slow justice system to the extent of fronting to create another court
although a very wrong and thwarted approach again, as she always leaves the substantives
and guesses. According to Solicitor General Beatrice Larmie Blamo, the Liberian Judicial
System runs four terms of court, each of which lasts for 42 days; meaning, in a productive
one year of 365 days, Liberian courts work for 168 days, leaving almost 200 days to waste.
In addition, Acting Justice Minister Wheatonia Dickson Barnes disclosed that the Ministry
heavily lacked qualified employees (mainly attorneys and counselors who should also have
knowledge in other areas like Economics, Science etc.). Moreover, the entire country has no
pathologists to quickly attend to murder and homicide cases etc. (ELBC Super-Morning
Show, mid 2014). Judge Korboi Nuta of Criminal Court A, speaking at the opening of the
November 2013 term of court said the countrys justice system was faced with many
challenges ranging from overcrowded dockets to non-coherent approaches in dealing with
the key issues of justice etc.
Then comes the question of denial. Almost all US State Department Reports on Liberias
Justice or Human Rights issues strongly highlight the alarming situation of pretrial
detention within the countrys justice system. According to these reports, in some cases,
lengthy pretrial detention exceeds the length of the sentence that could have been imposed
if the suspect was to be adjudged guilty. Worse of all, it is estimated that over 80% of those
in Liberian prison facilities are pretrial detainees. Solicitor General Blamo attested to this
claim on the ELBC Super Morning Show mentioned above when she disclosed that this

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issue of the unspeakable length of pretrial detention was haunting Liberia seriously in the
international community.
Article 26, when paraphrased says, Any person feeling cheated in the application of any
of these laws or provisions by a government court or authority shall have the right to sue
the government, that court, or any authority. All such suits shall originate in the Claims
Court, and appeals from the court shall go to the Supreme Court.
This Is One Of The Greatest Lies In The Constitution. Because the criminal Liberian
authorities will always want to pervert the laws, and will want to maintain some class
superiority, they will never set up a claims court all by themselves because in this country,
Might Makes Right. etc.
(D) Criminal Provisions Within The Current 1986 Constitution
In addition to the several faults we have identified with this funny looking Liberian
Constitution, there are also some provisions that explicitly encourage violence, indiscipline,
lawlessness, discrimination, parochialism and laziness etc., that have no place in this 21st
century. The major ones include:
Article 27 (b) says, to preserve the Liberian culture, only Negroes, or those of Negro
descent can become citizens by birth or naturalization.
First off, Liberia has got no identifiable or sound culture to talk about preserving here.
Secondly, the justification for this provision according to Liberias Declaration of
Independence and their first constitution is because the Black outcasts that came to this
country claimed they were ill-treated by the Whites in America. But even if they still feel so
today, for which this provision is still holding, then of course it will only be legal if it is
established through due process of law, but not through sentiments as it continues to be.
The underhand intent of this provision is for the Americo-Liberians to perpetually and
incontestably maintain some political, social and economic superiority over a big group
they have already established as weak and easily manipulated the ethnic Liberians. They
will NEVER succeed with this scheme any longer when Whites are allowed to become
citizens. This is because the Whites are more exposed to education and modernity in
general than the poor, uneducated masses of indigenous peoples that can be easily pushed
around anyhow today like what the Americo-Liberians have succeeded at doing for more
than 190 years now. So the intent of this deliberate racial prejudice is not only
discriminatory, but also criminal. It is intended to block a level playing field that will
engender competition and enlightenment. They probably dont know that it is only one
thing that can handle the issue of adequately protecting any countrys interest and that is,
crafting good laws and implementing them to the letter, simple! For instance, you could say
only the 3rd generation of a naturalized White would have access to public office, PERIOD!,
and implement it, instead of maintaining dull, old stone age arguments within your
constitution.
Article 97 (a) everything done by the PRC (The Peoples Redemption Council) prior to
the coming into being of this constitution shall never be questioned or challenged in
anyway. (b) No proceeding, suit, or whatever action shall ever come against the PRC for
whatever reason, including: (1) The overthrow that brought in the PRC military junta (2)

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The suspension of the 1847 constitution (3) The act by the PRC to establish anything,
including itself (4) The imposition of penalties and punishment on anybody by the PRC,
and (5) The establishment of this constitution
This is just an extension of anarchy. We all know that anything that is not done legally is
not done at all. How on earth will someone get on the rampage and gruesomely murder all
those people just for power, and then have the audacity to write in the law book of the
country that he and his collaborators should never be taken to task legally for their actions
whatsoever? Several questions come to mind as follows: (1) does this show any sign of
remorse after having taken away the lives of fellow citizens or human beings no matter
the differences that subsisted? (a) And we too as citizens and government, by sitting and
feeling complacent with such provisions in our so-called organic law book, are we saying
that Tolbert and the others whose lives were taken away in such a gruesome fashion when
they were never involved with any war activities at the time deserved this treatment? (3)
One would then wonder whats the problem with Madam Sirleaf, who has been presiding
over such an instrument, along with her lawmakers and law interpreters who have been
taking these kinds of provisions for joke, waiting instead for one school instructor, Dr. Dun,
to have been the one banging at the door of their consciences to flag these kinds of grave
indecencies? (4) We should also then be asking Madam Sirleaf and her officials whether
they are saying that they would appreciate similar fate like what befell Tolbert and his
government, for which they (Ellen and her government) are feeling so complacent with such
uncivilized provision in something we are calling a constitution? Oh, What A Criminal
Enterprise And Disgrace To Nationhood That We Call A Government In This Country.
Anyway, if they were to ever do well, then we would be proving our Creator wrong, God
forbid! This is because Jesus was blunt to us that never should we expect to pick figs from
thorn bushes or to gather grapes from bramble bushes (Luke 6:43-45). What should we
expect of a governmental structure that was set up in 1822 by people whose masters had
categorically declared as criminals and mentally inferior etc., even in a million years time?
So if we decide to enumerate all the faults with this flaw-laden book we call a constitution,
we will exhaust all of our precious time here, therefore the bottom line we try to establish in
this work is that the time has come for us to change this book altogether, and not to make
mere amendments to it.
The faults with Liberia are so many that one can bravely assert that all of what weve been
exposing from the beginning of this literature all combined, are just a tip of the ice berg.
The big question remains, how can we start practically solving this huge mountain of
problems and defects, all of which are historically rooted?
Earlier on in this work, when we were looking at the things that make democracies and
good social structures work, we touched the very key component of social capital (called
generalized societal trust and all of its lieutenants of social, political, legal trusts etc.).
According to Banfield, 1998; Fukuyama, 1999; and Putnam, 1993, the capacity of a society
to produce social capital among its citizens is determined by its long term experience of

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social organization that is anchored (positioned, held tightly) in historical and cultural
experiences that can be traced far back over centuries. Their research emphasized that the
level of social capital in a society is determined by very long historical trajectories. As such,
if this is not the case (meaning, if various societal structures that supposed to engender such
social trust dont have roots far back into historical times), then sadly there are very few
present day policy options available to stimulate the development of this very key and
indispensable societal resource, without which democracy is sadly impossible.
Since Liberia has failed so miserably in this direction, to the extent that [even if the whole
president of the country was to say good morning, for example today, citizens would have
to first rush to find the location of the sun before responding], owing to the historical
wickedness and criminality of the founders of this place, all rooted in the United States,
starting with that fatal December 1816 ACS establishment in Washington, and continuing
to the kind of cruelties our ethnic forefathers have suffered, then coming through with what
we ourselves continue to suffer today at the hands of the Americo-Liberians in different
forms, the only option left at the disposal of all of us, stakeholders in this long hullabaloo is
a well-intentioned, well planned and well-structured Transitional Justice Process. This is
what the Plain Truth Revolution stands for.
So lets kick start with the concept of Transitional Justice so that we all can begin figuring
out how meaningful it will be in finding the lasting solutions for our mountainous problems
God willing. This process undoubtedly will help us become a civilized, productive, and
happy people, living in unison in a prosperous and advanced society by the grace of God.
America too, who has always been by our side one way or the other, since that ACS
campaign, will now, once and for all, start to feel proud that she truly has a representative in
Africa, who now, will not only be lying with facsimile flag and other emblems, dress style,
speech patterns etc, but will also truly now practice the justice, equality, transparency,
brilliance and dynamism that characterize the American Dream. Admittedly however, this
road will be a rugged one, requiring too much of sacrifices, compromises, hard feelings, and
the likes. In the end, nevertheless, we all will be the victors by Gods grace.
TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE OUR ONLY BEST BET
Lets begin with a detailed working definition of the concept of Transitional Justice.
Transitional Justice is a series of judicial and non-judicial measures implemented in order to
redress legacies of human rights abuses; and some of these measures include criminal
prosecutions, truth commissions, reparation programs, and various kinds of institutional
reforms or rebranding.
Transitional Justice is enacted at a point of political transition from violence, civil
conflicts etc. and repression to societal stability and true democracy, and in the case of a
country like Liberia, transitional justice becomes compulsory as a result of the societys
desire to establish social trust, build a better justice system, and construct a more reliable
and functional democratic system of governance all of which this society has never

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experienced before, but instead, misery, misgovernance, mischief, and mayhem etc., at
the hands of Black Americans.
The origins of the Transitional Justice Concept can be traced back to post World War I and
II in Europe with the establishment of the International Military Tribunal at Nuremburg in
Germany and the various de-Nazification programs and the trials of Japanese and German
soldiers and their leaders for crimes committed during the war. These events marked the
genesis of transitional justice. So again, the emphasis of transitional justice was on how
abuses of human rights get treated during political transition.
In the Liberian scenario, since that fateful ACS establishment meeting we talked about
earlier, followed by that tragic first attempt by the American social pariahs to hit this soil on
the 7th of January 1822, the pages of history and current events have been filled with
numerous accounts of sorrows, tears and eternal hopelessness for the people with tribal
backgrounds or the indigenous people of this country. This literature has been giving you a
substantial summary of these nerve-racking experiences thus far. When these experiences
are honestly placed into context with respect to the theory of transitional justice, then this
section of the work will be appreciated as the solution center.
With that said, one of the chapters of the Nuremberg Tribunals working guide categorized
many crimes, identical to what our tribal forefathers of this country have faced, in addition
to some of what we too, their descendants continue to encounter today, as crimes against
humanity, including the enslavement or whatever forms of state-sponsored or systematic
inhumane treatments meted out against any civilian population whether or not, it is
done in violation of the domestic laws of the country where perpetrated. All of what we
have been explaining about the Americo-Liberians historic and sustained ill-treatment of
us, the indigenous people to date constitute crimes against humanity according to the
Nuremberg standards. The next argument is made from the US World Slavery and
Categories of Human Rights Violations, Volume 1, which also enlists some of the many
breaches that constitute crimes against humanity like for example, the creation of
intentional psychological damage to a people etc., which also matches our current Liberian
situation and promises to even get exacerbated if radical moves are not made now to change
gears.
Another huge challenge we face apart from grappling with the continuing legacies of these
and many more crimes that we have mentioned above, in terms of their economic and
psychological impacts, is the issue of how our society has been plunged into a depth of
moral decadence beyond measure all this at the hand of America and her AmericoLiberians. How to redress these past crimes and to clean society of this huge moral
decadence are the challenges that need the employment of some well-designed transitional
justice mechanism now.
Just in line with their descriptions more than 200 years ago, the Americo-Liberians have
succeeded at deeply infesting this society with all sorts of indecencies, lies, mischief

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making, naivety, parochialism, endemic corruption, laziness, unspeakable immorality,

dishonesty and all sorts of criminal and unproductive tendencies because America had
wrongly thought criminals could ever build a productive and decent society. Dr. James
Ciment of New York for example, talks about the deadly slave mentality that these people
implanted into the Liberian society based on the experiences they endured in the antebellum
Southern USA. He also talked about the dominant Live for Today mentality that these
Black American troublemakers brought to Liberia, whereby people prioritize their stomach
and only what they and their family can own today, without any regards for ideologies or
the future.
After almost 200 years into this kind of quagmire then, if a people want to make a U-turn,
what do they do? How on earth can these and many more deeply precarious situations or
challenges ever be addressed without some extra mile concessions or steps and solutions
like for instance, a possible payment of physical reparation to the indigenous people of this
country and the banning of the Americo-Liberian stock from our political landscape for
some specified time to afford the indigenous an uninterrupted opportunity for they
themselves to put together their broken pieces, and to lay for all, a better and stronger
foundation for the state, which was unfortunately arm robbed from them by Captain Robert
Field Stockton of the USS Alligator Battleship and Navy Surgeon Eli Ayres in 1821 all
acting on behalf of the American People? How on Earth would an ordinary Liberian (that
typical Zinna, Gbormie, or Ghenyou, up there in Gbojesay, Toes Town or Blounwee) ever
catch pace, in terms of personal growth and development, with a 21st century peer
elsewhere on the globe, while the Americo-Liberian presence is felt on the policy making
and implementation table of government? How can this peace and reconciliation being
preached by Liberian politicians everyday ever be achieved when the very people preaching
are those who are killing the vast majority of the population and stealing all their resources
in return for nothing, while also terribly endangering future generations in the process?
But as President Obama put it some time ago, with all these issues we have suffered, and in
the case of Liberia, continue to suffer, at some point in time, we have to stop looking
somewhere else for solutions and instead begin to look internally; that is, among ourselves
and within our own country for durable solutions. In the case of this deep-rooted Liberian
problem though, our best bet is a path of transitional justice engineered and controlled from
within. Again, this is what the Plain Truth Revolution stands for.
Two key, and somewhat similar reasons can be given for why a path of Transitional Justice
MUST be taken by us now one being because, to sweep the injustices of the past under
the carpet will translate into inviting more tragedy upon ourselves now and in the future,
and the second being that ignoring those huge injustices of the past will demonstrate our
gross betrayal of past, current and future generations. Chinese President Xi Jinping put all
this into a single context when he once said, To forget history is a betrayal, and to deny
past crimes is to repeat them.

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According to Wikipedia, the primary objective of a Transitional Justice policy is to end the
culture of impunity and to establish the rule of law (something Liberia lacks absolutely) in
the context of democratic governance. The legal and human rights protection roots of
transitional justice impute certain legal obligations on states undergoing transitions. It
challenges such societies to strive for an environment where respect for human rights is at
the core, and accountability is practiced as the main goal. In the context of these goals,
transitional justice aims at:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)

Halting ongoing rights abuses

Investigating past crimes
Identifying those responsible for human rights violations of the past and present
Imposing sanctions on those responsible (when it is well established)
Providing reparations to victims
Preventing future abuses
Conducting security sector reforms
Preserving and enhancing peace, and
Fostering individual and national reconciliation

In general therefore, one can identify 8 broad objectives that transitional justice aims to
serve: establishing the truth, providing victims a public platform to be heard, holding
perpetrators accountable, strengthening the rule of law, providing victims with some
compensation to gather their broken pieces, effecting institutional rebuilding or reforms,
promoting reconciliation, and promoting continuous public deliberations.
A transitional justice roadmap normally employs five broad strategies, some, or all of which
can be combined constructively in transitioning to a democratic state. They include:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Prosecutions
Reparations
Truth Seeking
Preserving memorials, and
Institutional rebuilding or reform

Prosecution helps strengthen the rule of law by sanctioning those who violate laws with
criminal penalties. It usually becomes more imperative when there exist elements or
semblance of serious violations such as crimes against humanity, genocide, and war crimes
etc. Prosecutions demonstrate that crimes will not be tolerated, and that human rights
abusers will be held accountable for their actions. From its historical roots in the
Nuremberg Trials, recent examples of the prosecution aspect of transitional justice have
included the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the International Criminal Court
for former Yugoslavia; hybrid courts such as the Special Court for Sierra Leone, Special
Panels of the Dili District Court, the Extraordinary Chambers in the Court of Cambodia, the
Court of Bosnia and Herzegovinian, and the establishment of the International Criminal
Court (the ICC), assuming a universal jurisdiction.

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Reparations aim to repair the sufferings of victims of human rights abuses. They seek to
make amends with victims, help them overcome the consequences of abuse, and provide
rehabilitation. Reparation packages may include financial payments, social services such as
the provision of healthcare, education etc. or symbolic compensation such as public
apologies. In his work, Transitional Justice and Reparations: A Legal Perspective on
Remedies In Transitioning Societies, Prof. Adv. Chitengi Sipho Justin of the Zambian
High Court identified some key points on the issues of transitional justice and reparations as
follows:
Any transitional society is likely to face the challenge of retributions for its citizenry that
had fallen victim to grave violations of human rights perpetrated by successive regimes.
There is a general agreement that the challenge today lies in ensuring respect for basic
human rights and laws through various mechanisms such as reparations. The definition
of reparation can be contested but working definitions exist in both statutory and case
laws. For example, Article 75 of the Rome Statute (or ICC) states, The court shall
establish principals or principles relating to reparations, including restitution,
compensation, and rehabilitation.
The Permanent Court of International Justice implicitly defined reparations in the
Chorzow Factory Case, when it ruled that Reparations must, as far as possible, wipe
out all the consequences of the illegal act and establish the situation that would, in all
probabilities, have existed if that act had not been committed.
From the victims view point, reparations occupy a special place in the transition to
democracy in that it acknowledges their plight, gives them back their dignity, ease their
economic burdens, and assures them of the non-repetition of these abuses.
West Germanys efforts to compensate Holocaust Survivors in 1952 were the first examples
of large scale, modern reparations program. One other example is the Canadian
Governments apology (Statement of Reconciliation) to the indigenous Canadian families
for removing their children and placing them in a church in Indian Residential Schools.
The Canadian Government also created a $350 million fund to help those affected by the
schools removal exercise. Reparations, indeed, is one of the best approaches to political
transitioning.
Truth Seeking encompasses different initiatives allowing actors in a country to investigate
past abuses and seek redress for victims. These processes aim to enable societies to examine
and to come to terms with past crimes and human rights violations in order to prevent their
recurrence. They help create documentations that prevent repressive regimes from rewriting
history and denying the past. They can also help victims obtain closure by establishing or
knowing what actually happened (such as to disappeared people) and understanding the
atrocities they endured. Truth seeking measures may include freedom of information
legislation, declassification of archives, investigations and truth commissions.

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Memory/Memorials seek to preserve memories of people or events. In the context of

transitional justice, they serve to honor the past, address contemporary issues and show
respect for victims. They can help create records to prevent denials and help societies move
forward. Memorials may include commemoration activities, such as architectural
memorials, museums, and other commemorative events. One example includes the
monuments, annual prayer ceremonies, and mass graves in Northern Uganda, created in
response to the war conducted by, and against the Lords Resistance Army there.
Public Institutions, including the police, military, and judiciary often contribute to
repression and other human rights violations. So, when societies decide to undergo
transition, these institutions must be rebuilt or reformed in order to create accountability and
prevent the recurrence of abuse. Moreover, the institution-centered accounts of the social
capital theory assert that for social capital to flourish, it needs to be embedded in, and linked
to formal political and legal institutions (Berman, 1997 etc.). According to this source,
social capital does not exist independently of politics and government in the realm of civil
society. Instead, government policies and political institutions create, channel and influence
the amount and type of social capital.
The capacity of citizens to develop cooperative ties and establish social trust is in this
account heavily influenced by the effect of government institutions and policies. The point
of view would then imply that institutional engineering might indeed be used to foster
social capital.
To conclude on this section, Liberia will not be alone in this drive. Kathryn Sikking and
Carrie Booth Walling (2006), in their research paper entitled, Justice Cascade, conducted
analyses of truth commissions and human rights trials occurring throughout the world from
1979 to 2004. This research revealed a significant increase in the judicialization of world
politics both regionally and internationally. Of the 192 countries surveyed, 34 had used
truth commissions, and 50 had used at least one transitional human rights trial. More
significantly, well over two-thirds of the approximately 85 new or transitional countries
during that period used either trials or truth commissions, as said earlier, as their
transitional justice mechanism, and over half tried some judicial proceedings. Thus, the use
of truth commissions and/or human rights trials among transitional justice countries is a
widespread social practice occurring in bulk of the transitional justice countries.
However, one of the sticky challenges in transitional justice is choosing between these
prevalent two mechanisms. More recently, Lyal Sunga has argued that unless truth
commissions are set up and conducted according to international human rights law,
international criminal law, and international humanitarian law, they risk conflicting or
undermining criminal prosecutions, whether these prosecutions are supposed to be carried
out at the national or international levels. He contends that this risk is particularly
pronounced where truth commissions employ amnesties, and especially blanket amnesties
to pardon perpetrators of serious crimes. Therefore, truth commissions could be

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characterized as a second best alternative, but in most instances also, as an affront to the
rule of law because of the possibility that amnesty and indemnities could be exchanged for
the truth.
The motivation behind this debate is the tension between peace and justice, which brings
out many conflicting goals of achieving peace and justice in the aftermath of a societys
emergence from conflict. Though it is generally unanimous that both goals are integral to
achieving reconciliation, practitioners often disagree about which goal should be achieved
first: whether justice or peace. The peace school of thought argues that the only way to
effectively end violence is by granting amnesties and brokering negotiations to persuade
criminals to lay down their arms in our Liberian scenario, for example, instead of talking
about laying down arms, it will be instead, persuading Americo-Liberian criminals to
suppress their very strong appetite for only power, power, and power. Proponents of the
justice school of thought however argue that if all perpetrators of human rights abuses do
not stand trial, impunity for crime will continue into the new dispensation and this will
prevent a full completion of the process of transitioning from conflict to peace and
reconciliation just as Liberia continues to experience.
Recent trends in the post conflict field have therefore tended to favor the justice school of
thought, maintaining that only if justice is dutifully served to victims of conflicts,
systematic cruelties and wars, can these menaces be prevented from recurring. A 2011
debate in the Economist Magazine determined in its concluding polls (statistics again) that
76% of the debates participants agreed with the notion that achieving peace can only
occur through the implementation of fair justice mechanisms.
Finally, Transitional Justice aims at an ongoing search for truth, justice, forgiveness and
healing, and any efforts undertaken through it is intended to help people live alongside
former enemies. Simply put, THE PAST MUST BE ADDRESSED IN ORDER TO
REACH THE FUTURE!!! What the Plain Truth Revolution vehemently advocates
though, is that for our country to attain this long sought stability, the past that we are
convinced here must be addressed, should never exclude events beginning with the fatal
December 1816 meeting held at the Davis Hotel in Washington DC. Any attempt at
stabilizing this country or searching for peace and reconciliation in this country that ignores
the primary root cause of our problem, i.e. that so-called ACS Black Repatriation, will be a
continuous failed project, as it has evidently been the case for over a century and a half
now.
THE TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE ROADMAP ADVANCED BY THE PLAIN
TRUTH REVOLUTION
It is this kind of continuous willful failure, happening because people want to
sycophantically appease fellow humans by speaking white lies, and not wanting to appease
God, the Creator instead, that the Plain Truth Revolution comes to oppose and battle
against. But our demand is that all of these ills and their corresponding remedies MUST be

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discussed at a compulsory National Convention now, which MUST bring together delegates
from all corners of the Liberian society. We dont want counties represented, instead, we
want every tribe or ethnic group represented by a carefully selected team; we want one
delegation for each continent representing Liberians in the Diaspora; we want one
delegation representing all of civil society; we also want one group representing the
Liberian Government (all of their best brains), and we want one US Government delegation
attending this conference before the conclusion of the current UN mission in the country.
We want, and demand that this all-encompassing National Rebirth and Constitutional
Convention or Conference to be held before the close of 2017 so that the key recommended
processes from it can start being implemented under the careful watch of UNMIL at least
from the onset. We demand that the current Constitutional Review Committee and the
Symbols Review Committee all, just compile their work, and then appear at our
Revolutionary National Convention as separate stakeholder groups coming in with their
reports during this program. And one of our big demands is that THIS PROCESS MUST
BE HANDLED EXCLUSIVELY BY NON-POLITICAL STATE ACTORS WHICH WILL BE
DECIDED AND CHOSEN BY THE ORDINARY CITIZENS IN THE STREET IN AN
ORGANIZED MANNER TO BE SPEARHEADED BY THE PLAIN TRUTH REVOLUTION.
We believe that just as America had to conduct about four National or Continental
Congresses before laying the desired solid national foundation that has made them great
today, Liberia needs to go beyond that single selfish National Convention that the framers
of this funny arrangement held in 1847, by holding now, an all-encompassing and more
objective National Rebirth and Constitutional Conference that will bring to the fore all of
our sticky problems for much more general, objective and bolder discussions, after which
we will begin the foundation of a new nation, a new political dispensation, with new, fairer,
and more decent traditions. The Plain Truth Revolution believes that this demand requires
every available attention from this current government; and so, we demand that all
secondary projects (meaning, capital investments etc.) of this current government be halted
now, and their intended budgets be redirected towards the holding of this proposed
National Rebirth and Constitutional Convention. Different youth and citizen groups under
this revolutionary and nationalistic banner will soon begin moving into communities God
willing to solicit signatures to petition our current Legislature to commission the holding of
this all-important National Convention. This is the basic premise of the Plain Truth
Revolution. We are seriously uncompromising about this conviction of ours that the time
has come for a very new and different wind to blow Mama Country a wind that our people
have never experienced in all the history of this country since 1822. We have started, and
are going to continue committing blood, sweat, and tears to this agenda until it ultimately
yields its desired fruits by the grace of God!!!
The bottom line in all this writing though, is to make a strong case that everything has
gotten terribly mixed and messed up in our society, and every new day that comes by, the
situation is even getting bleaker and gloomier. And when things go this worst, the only
option left to a people is to go back on the drawing board and redesign a better societal

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foundation; redo their laws; rebuild their institutions, but this time, constructing on stronger
foundation pillars such as honesty, justice, mutual love and respect for one another etc.
Truly, as we all can attest today, Liberia is sadly a failed project; a national idea so flawed
in conception, design and implementation (as Prof. Amos Sawyer once said); a horrible
warning to the world at large, demonstrating Americas ugly examples with the affairs of
slavery (as Prof. James Ciment of New York said); a hyperbola, from the word go, that has
never held water; a misconceived design that keeps proving its architects wrong; a country
still struggling to live up the true meaning of its cheating name, but ironically doing so
through the practice of a defacto Black Apartheid (as Cllr. Tiawon Gongloe once said); and
a defacto voided social contract that keeps producing more and more distrusts among its
contracting parties as the days go by etc. This place, indeed, needs a radical change before it
gets far too late.
To effect this change though, we need very upright men, and men are only upright when
they work with the eternal principles and virtues of God Almighty. Apostle Peter said, it
takes only the righteous to suffer for the liberation of all.
A BIBLICAL COMMENTARY IN SUPPORT OF THE PLAIN TRUTH
REVOLUTIONS ARGUMENT
As one Biblical commentary puts it, For repairing injured bodies, physicians, nurses, and
medical know-how are needed; for repairing ruined buildings, professional constructors,
steelworkers and engineers are needed; for protecting freedom, sincere military and civil
law enforcement personnel are needed; for good and righteous civil laws, there needs to be
good and righteous civil lawmakers and judges.[and by extension, for attaining lasting
social harmony and reconciliation, there needs to be put into place processes of unbiased
transitional social justice and a complete absence of impunity etc.]. Our nation needs all
this, but in order for it to be possible, we must first work upon the moral and spiritual
foundation of our state, for this is the foundation upon which everything good that is
imagined in life, must be built. But an attempt to ignore these, and continue to build and
rebuild with lip service to Gods eternal principles, which are intended for our own good,
will just be a way of wasting our own precious time on this planet for nothing. A Biblical
example is the nation of Edom (featured in Malachi 1:4). Like Liberia today, Edom also had
the idea that they would thrive upon lip service to Gods principles in rebuilding their
shattered country. But God said, because of their wickedness, He would not allow their
rebuilding efforts to ever be successful. So, according to Malachi, Edom says, We have
been beaten down, but we will return and rebuild the ruins, the Lord of Hosts on the other
hand says, They may rebuild, but I will tear down, and men will call them the wicked
territory, and the people toward whom the Lord is indignant forever.
So you see above, although we need to muster the courage to build and rebuild every time,
we must do so by applying (in all of our weak ways possible, or if one would argue, in all of
the strongest ways possible), the true principles of Gods justice, righteousness and faith,

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and not by way of mockery and lip service to the truth. President Thomas Jefferson of the
United States once decried this kind of situation in his own home when he observed with
disappointment how too little attention was being paid by the American Government during
his time to the justness of God. President Jefferson then asked society, Do we think that
His (Gods) righteousness will sleep forever? The president was so conscious of what
King Solomon said in Proverbs 14:34 that righteousness exalts a nation, but sin is a
reproach (disgrace) to any people. Liberia should be the most glaring 21st century example
of how sin can be a disgrace to any people by now. And importantly, putting this issue of
righteousness into context, we should not necessarily be looking at righteousness here to
mean Divine perfection from the Christianic, Islamic or other religious points of view, but
instead, just uprightness from the moral and social standpoints, as always dictated by our
bare human consciences.
The next painful, but indispensable reality is that this reconstruction process, for Liberia,
must be headed and controlled by the original owners of the land the Wheagars,
Karnweas, Jlues etc., educated, undiluted and full blooded ones, though, from any of the 16
Ethnic backgrounds. If it were established long since that the dominant negative foreign
influence over this beautiful country has been its enduring curse, then there was no need to
be doing all of the writings we are doing here. If we allow the Americo-Liberians or any
soul under foreign influence to ever lead in this envisaged transitional justice agenda, we
will undoubtedly be headed for another massive failure, although the honest ones among
them who are conscious that our common good and our common destinies are tied together,
can join us and play key roles, just as in other historic revolutions around the world.
We do not, in any way strike these crucial points out of hatred; but we instead strike them
out of sincerity and experience, conscious enough about how destructive a very negative
foreign influence can be to a people. The worlds current greatest man, for example, knows
what we mean here by a proven negative foreign influence. When President Obama visited
the Baltic state of Estonia in early September 2014, he stressed this issue about the crippling
effects of foreign forces, and by extension, foreign influence to the people of Estonia and
the world at large, when he, among other points acknowledged that the people of Estonia
had to reclaim their country before they began unleashing their potentials. He said
foreign forces (as in the case of Liberias overwhelming negative foreign influence) had to
be removed from Estonia before new institutions of governance were built and the economy
transformed etc. President Obama also stressed a lesson thought the world by the people of
Estonia about the extraordinary strength and power of the everyday, common, and ordinary
people, when he said, And then, exactly 25 years ago, people across the Baltic came
together in one of the greatest displays of freedom and non-violent resistance that the world
has ever seen. On that August evening, perhaps two million people stepped out of their
homes and joined hands a human chain of freedom, the Baltic way. And they stretched
down highways and across farmlands, from Tallinn to Riga to Vilnius. They lit candles and
they sang anthems. Old men and women brought out their flags of independence. And

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young parents brought their children to teach them that when ordinary people stand
together, great change is possible.
The ball is now in our court, the Konnehs, Jallahs, Nyanfuehs, Boakais, Weahs etc. who
although are currently riding all of the big jeeps within the Americo-Liberian spoils, you are
still in reality, only considered errand boys for the Johnsons, McClains, Bernards, Weeks
etc., and that no matter what, you are only as good in Liberia, as you can remain a
sycophant and/or a staunch loyalist to the Americo-Liberians and their cruel and
ethnocentric policies, but would NEVER try to one day attempt to differ with them on
ideological lines. The ball is also in the court of the Dolos, Nyanquehs, Nyenfuehs,
Kromahs, and Kolubas etc. way there in Vahoom, Gbolokai, and Jeniewaylie, who, even if
God were to give the world one million more years before He decides to come back, you
will never experience what people call 24/7 electricity supply, pipe borne water, 4-lane
roads, sound healthcare and education etc. because it had been planned since 1822 and 1847
by design, that none of these goodies should ever be your portion in this life because the
foreigners that came and sat over us, and are still sitting over us today in our own home said
we were, and we are still not real human beings, but instead animals. In the business course
called Management, there is something referred to as a long-term Strategic Plan, which is a
plan that almost all successive management teams or corporate governments must sustain as
it is, or just tweak it in parts as they move on. The ball is in all of our courts now as to
whether we should keep going this way and expect some miracles to happen for us later,
when even the God that created us has repeatedly said that we will only achieve in this life
by the sweat of our brows. The ball is in our courts whether, on this Earth, we are supposed
to give ourselves up always to the will of fellow human beings or we are supposed to stand
up and proclaim Gods justice, no matter against whom.
A UNITED STATES-BASED PASTORS INDIRECT ADMONISHMENT FOR US
(MEMBERS OF THE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES) TO ADOPT A NEW
APPROACH OF GOING ON THE OFFENSIVE AGGRESSIVELY NOW,
INSTEAD OF KEEP BEING ON THE DEFENSIVE IS PRESENTED BELOW:
As we approach the end of this work, we are glad to narrate to you this short story from
Pastor Friday Oravbiere of the Pavilion of God Christian Church in Newark, New Jersey,
the USA.
According to the Pastor, a certain passenger was traveling in a ship from England to
America. He had gathered all his possessions in terms of money to pay the fare. On the
ship ride, the passenger became so hungry, as he had nothing left to purchase meals. To
prevent death, the passenger went and began eating from the trash. While in that process, a
crew member went to him politely and said, Sir, do you know that your ticket money
covers both the fare and the meals throughout this journey? The meals are served free, and
all that you need to do is to GO FOR IT.

168

This is the fate of the 16 Ethnic groups of Liberia, and the fate of many of us that call
ourselves children of God today. God has given us so much of possessions, but because of
lack of knowledge (sometimes caused by our own refusal to acquire this knowledge), we do
not enjoy these possessions, but instead, we live in want (poverty, indigence), and watch
our inheritance waste away in the hands of our enemies, like in the case of our country, we
will say, our detractors, the Americo-Liberians. According to Pastor Oravbiere, we are
missing the mark as children of God if we sit and allow all of our generations to languish
and die in poverty, because we are afraid to act from the truth. He said the salvation that we
preach every day from the gospel in our worship places is a whole package, which includes
not only eternal life, as in the case of the traveler mentioned above, but also all of the riches
of God. It is God who has made everything on this Earth for our good, and for our
sustenance before He comes back to judge us. He saw it wise to create separate geographic
boundaries and countries, and to provide each separate locality the right amounts of
resources and the conditions under which they will prosper. The God, who according to
Christian beliefs, gives away His own Son for our sake will never feel good to see us
suffering in abject poverty for so long. But we need knowledge, and we need the truth
before we can take control of all of our possessions (I Kings 22:3; Hosea 4:6; Psalms 23:1;
Psalms 34:10; Revelation 4:11; Joshua 18:3; Matthew 11:12; Zechariah 4:6 etc.).
However, if we decide to ignore these facts, and elect to choose the path of Isaiah 59:1-4,
we will keep going down the dumps as Liberia continues to go, for example.
The greatest deceit of the enemy is to make us unaware of our inheritance, as in the case of
King Ahab in the Bible. In that state, we remain ignorant, stupid and silent or sit supinely,
and do nothing about claiming our rightful possessions. We painfully decide to settle down
for little or nothing at all and watch our lives waste away, when in reality, opportunities
abound for us to be what we want to, only that we have to fight to take back our possessions
from the King of Syria. One very key thing to keep at the back of our mind though, is that
when we fight, we MUST fight with Gods principles and His love on our hearts, if not, we
will lose the battle. What a difficult challenge!!
Worlds First Lady, Mrs. Obama, speaking to the difficulty and enormity of such challenge,
made reference to what Nelson Mandela of South Africa once said; that is, It always seems
impossible until it is done. She went on to encourage us however that, this seemingly
impossible, can become possible, but the story behind such success is a story that takes new
energy; a story that takes new ideas; and a story that requires new forms of leadership.
Lets then close up with her husbands part of encouragement as we confront this quagmire.
Concluding his speech to the people of Estonia again, in September 2014, President Obama
made these remarks: Despite the many setbacks, once we stand up tall and reach out
to claim our rights, which are universal and [inalienable], in the end, our ideals are
stronger, and our ideals will win.Dignity will win because every human being is born
equal, with free and inalienable rights, and any system of government that denies these
rights will ultimately fail and countries that uphold them will grow strongerJustice will

169

win because might does not make right, and the only path to lasting peace is when people
know that their dignity will be respected and their rights will be upheld. And citizens, like
nations, will never settle for a world where the big are allowed to bully the small. Sooner or
later, they fight backDemocracy will win because, among other things, more than any
other form of government ever devised, only democracy, rooted in the sanctity of the
individual can ever deliver real progress..Freedom will win, not because it is [automatic
to be so], but because the basic human yearnings for dignity and justice do not go away.
They can be suppressed; they can be silenced at times, but they burn in every human heart,
in a place that no regime can ever reach; they are the light that no army can ever
extinguish. And so long as free people summon the confidence and the courage, and the will
to defend the values that we cherish, then freedom will always be stronger, and our ideas
will always prevail[BY THE GRACE AND POWER OF GOD, WE WOULD ADD HERE!!),
no matter what.
What a beautiful way to close this work, from President Obama.
EFFORTS BEING MADE THUS FAR TO PUT YOU IN THE RIGHT
REVOLUTIONARY FRAME OF MIND
The Plain Truth Revolution, to adequately handle everything we have been narrating from
the beginning of this literature, has already developed 10 additional revolutionary
pamphlets and articles or literature, just as the Patriots, headed by George Washington, the
Great, did in 1773, to put their fellow American compatriots in the right frame of mind for
an unconditional change that eventually would emancipate them forever, and turn them into
the great and powerful paradise that almost everybody runs to today. Similar fate now
awaits the Grain Coast God willing.
All of the revolutionary pamphlets are listed below, but please read this 1th one (WHY IS
THIS CASE CONSIDERED A REVOLUTIONARY AND GAME-CHANGING ONE
FOR LIBERIA?) thoroughly first, as it almost summarizes everything else, and gives
you an insight into how this revolutionary dream came about. Note: Our titles are long;
some of our arguments are repeated; some, to the point of your inconvenience. Please
forgive us if this happens. Our works are revolutionary and some arguments are interpreted
from different perspectives, thats why they are repeated in many instances. The titles of all
the Plain Truth Revolutionary Pamphlets as such, are as follows:
#

NAME OF PAMPHLET

WEB LOCATIONS

https://web.facebook.com/plaintruth2013;
Why Is This Case Considered A https://is.gd/cO3rbV;
Revolutionary And Game-Changing One https://is.gd/cyZm54; and
for Liberia (the current pamphlet)
https://is.gd/SnsihD

Why Do We Need A Complete Revolution,

And Not Reforms, And How Can We

170

4
5
6
7

10

11

Conduct This Revolution

Liberia: A Small, Failed, Dirty Country,
Built on the Pillars of Corruption Here
are the proofs
Unspeakable Ethnic Suppression, Liberias
Original Sin: Who Makes Amends For It
Now?
How Liberia Sadly Makes Mockery Out
Of The Divine Concept Of Justice
Liberia: A Name Associated with Crime,
Curse, Misery, Poverty, and Failure. It
Must Be Changed Now!!
Liberias Justifications For Demanding
Reparations From America Now
How Based On Its Origin, And Todays
Realities,
The
Structure
Called
Government of Liberia Is A Big Criminal
Gang, That Must Be Peacefully
Dismantled Now, For A Better One, Based
On Better Principles.
How, Based On Her Ancestry, And All Her
Current Performance Profile Thus Far,
Americo-Liberian President Ellen Johnson
Sirleaf Has Got No Moral Authority Over
Any Native Person For That Matter.
17 Solid Reasons Why We Should Demand
Independence Now, Rather Than Going To
Stand On Line Again In 2017, In Another
Stupid Americo-Liberian Elections.
If This Is The Best Of Americo-Liberian
Leaderships, In Harvard-Trained Ellen
Johnson Sirleaf, Then What Else Are We,
The Natives, Still Waiting For To
Constructively Snatch Our Arm Robbed
Country From Out Of The Hands Of
America And Her Americo-Liberians?

Again, the onus rests on us to read, read, and read. Without this effort, we wouldnt be
equipped to understand all of these key issues that confront us as a people, and we wouldnt
be able to make the right decisions and take the right actions together that will transform
this blessed country of ours, the Grain Coast, and liberate ourselves from this enduring hell
of mess that has been forced on us by America and her Americo-Liberians. We can truly
turn our country into a stable and enviable African paradise God willing, if we muster the
civic courage to take the steps recommended in these revolutionary literatures.

171

The battle lines have finally been drawn for each of us to make up our minds to take the
side of the oppressed and fight for true freedom (educational, economic, social etc.) or take
the side of the oppressors, who think that we are on the right national trajectory because a
few of them (less than 1%) of the population are currently enjoying the spoils.
Let us keep one another in prayer, no matter which side of the national debate we are on,
and fight a good fight, without violence, because in the end, the better idea will win, the
battle lines will be removed, as we all have a common destiny in the end.
May God bless us all.
**To be updatable as necessary!!!

REFERENCE

BOOKS
Guannu, J. S. (1997). Liberian History Up To 1847. Monrovia: Sabanoh Printing Press, Ltd.
Guannu, J. S. (2010). A Short History of the First Liberian Republic. Monrovia: Star Books
Guannu, J. S. (2010). Liberian History Since 1980. Monrovia: Star Books
Guannu, J. S. (2010). Liberian Civics. Monrovia: Star Books
Mayson, D.T.W. (2010). In the Cause of the People. *.Benin, *.Lagos, *.Abuja, *.Aba: Mindex
Publishing Co. Ltd.
Wild, J. J. (2007). Financial Accounting Fundamentals. New York..: McGraw-Hill Irwin
Wilson, C. A. (- ). Public Policy: Continuity and Change, Second Edition.
McConnel et al ( -). McConnel Brue Flynn Macroeconomics 19th Edition

MAGAZINES AND NEWSPAPER ARTICLES

Sieh, R. D. (2012, February 13). Debunking Warner: Liberian Petroleum Refining Company Debunks
US$13 million Japanese Oil Grant Corruption Claim By Former Board Chairman. FrontPage Africa.
Vol.6, No. 112; 8
Wheagar A. (2012, February 13). Negbalee and His LPRC Malice. FrontPage Africa. Vol.6, No. 112; 4
Ghahn, H. W. (2012, February 13). Why I (Negbalee Warner) Resigned As Chairman of LPRC Board
of Directors.Vol.6, No. 112; 5
Staff. (2011, July 7). Ellen Dissolves Entire LPRC Board: Jallah, Jackson Ordered to Restitute
Thousands. FrontPage Africa. Vol.5, No. 67; 6
Staff. (2011, July 15). Bropleh Arrested, Dragged to Jail for Corruption. National Chronicle. Vol.17,
No. 99; 1, 6
Staff. (2012, May 9). President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Runs The Most Corrupt Government in the
World. National Chronicle. Vol.18, No. 076; 1, 6
APA News. (2011, April 15). (published 2012, May 9).Liberian Government Admits to US
Government Corruption Charge. National Chronicle. Vol.18, No. 076; 5
Staff. (2012, May 9). Letter to Speaker J. Alex Tyler From Hon. Emmanuel Nuquaye. National
Chronicle. Vol.18, No. 076; 7
Staff. (2012, April 26). Oil Contracts A Vehicle to enrich a privileged few as budget process [gets]
undermined. National Chronicle. Vol.18, No. 071; 1, 6
Staff. (2012, April 26). Editorial: The US$3.7 billion future waiver. National Chronicle. Vol.18, No.
071; 3
Thomas, S. A, Prof. (2012, April 26). Speculation: Oil is a Blessing, Not a Curse. National Chronicle.
Vol.18, No. 071; 3
Johnson, J. H. (2013, June 24). US$100 million to be corruptly pocketed ... National Chronicle.
Vol.19, No. 014; 1, 6
Staff. (2012, May 10). As Propaganda and Lip Service to corruption fight continue, US Government
Warns of Brewing Tension in Liberia Advises US Citizens of risky terrain. National Chronicle.
Vol.18, No. 077; 1, 6
Staff. (2013, September 19). PUL Takes the bull by the Horn. National Chronicle. Vol.19, No. 160; 2
Staff. (2012, August 13). No Oil yet. Daily Observer. Vol.14, No. 766; 1, 4
Sieh, R. D. (2012, August 6). Interview: I am not a vindictive person. FrontPage Africa. Vol.6, No. 230;
8, 9, 10
Teah, J. (2012, August 23). Feature: What a Big Shame. National Chronicle. Vol.18, No. 148; 3
Sieh, R. D. (2012, August 6). Sirleaf slams attacks on family character, reveals hurt, frustration: I stand
by my character 100%. FrontPage Africa. Vol.6, No. 230; 1, 2
Dessie, T. E. (2013, January 28). Witch-Hunt At LPRC- One Dismissed, Others to follow. Microscope.
Vol.1, No. 63; 8
Dassin, B. A. (2013, January 30). LPRC Dispels Media Reports. The People. Vol.1, No. 13; 1, 6

Whistleblower. (2013, March 19). Letter to the editor: LPRC Whistleblower Writes President Sirleaf.
New Democrat. Vol.20, No. 051; 4
Staff. (2013, April 10). COTOL on LPRC MDs Back. National Chronicle. Vol.9, No. 47; 1
Staff. (2013, April 16). LPRC Concurs With Whistleblowers Graft Claims. New Democrat. Vol.20,
No. 070; 1, 3
Staff (2013, April 17). LPRC Chief Admits to Conflict of Interest. New Democrat. Vol.20, No. 071; 1,
3
Staff. (2013, April 17). Trends of vicious lies and gossip abhorred. Concord Times. Vol.11, No. 170; 1,
4, 5
McClain, N. (2013, August 27). Dismissed LPRC Employee Opens Up. In Profile Daily Vol.5, No.
196; 1, 14
Staff. (2013, August 28). LPRC Board, Management, Linked to Double Payments, GAC Recommends
Punishment. Heritage. Vol.18, No. 199; 1, 10
Staff. (2013, September 2). LPRC Admits Blunder, But GAC Recommends Punitive Actions. Heritage.
Vol.18, No. 202; 1, 10
Staff. (2009, September 7). Zakhem Deal Dumps Harry Greaves. Daily Observer. Vol.13, No. 47; 1, 10
Seaklon, T. T. (2009, September 7). Report on Greaves Dismissal Out Today. Inquirer. Vol.18, No.
157; 1, 10
Staff. (2012, February 17). LPRC Board Releases Detailed Facts on Allegations. New Democrat.
Vol.19, No. 032; 1, 8, 9
Staff. (2012, February 17). Article: Depoliticizing Professional Appointments. New Democrat. Vol.19,
No. 032; 5
Staff. (2014, July 9). LACC Confirms Nation Times Report on LPRC Boss. Nation Times. Vol.9, No.
140; 1, 6
Staff. (2012, April 30). A Report By ProPublica US Foreign Policy Publication: Liberia Big Oil,
Small Country. National Chronicle.

WEBSITES AND WEB PAGES

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