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_in_Liquids_1._Determination_of_Diffusion_Coefficient_for_Liquids

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Part I: Diffusion in Liquids

1. Determination of Diffusion Coefficient for Liquids

120
f(x) = 0.12x + 37.99
100

80

60
k (S/m)
40

20

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

t (s)

Figure 1. Conductivity vs. time graph for 1 M NaCl

160
140 f(x) = 0.04x + 124.21
120
100
80
k (S/m)
60
40
20
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
t (s)

In this graph the

relationship between time and conductivity can be seen. In theory, the conductivity increases
with time because of that the ions pass through the membrane to water and conductivity of
water increases. This situation was not seen during the experiment and at some time interval
conductivity decreasing was seen. The reasons may be seen because of the shape of vessel as
cornered. The homogeneous mixing may not be obtain for accumulate the ions at corners and
the conductivity may not be read as real value. The other reason may be the drying process of
the membrane and while the NaCl solution was poured to membrane system, pressure was
occured on the membrane surface and almost at 360th second the sudden ion release was seen.
To change the conductometer' location was the other reason which was explained the of
conductivity.

Figure 2. Conductivity vs. time graph for 1,5 M NaCl

In Figure 2 conductivity increased with time as excepted at first. Some decreasing of

conductivity was occured because of non homogeneous mixing which was caused for
mechanical mixer. Also drying of the membrane affected the data. The sudden ion release
started almost 210th second. The changing of location of conductometer which was external
influence affected the data in the correct way because first place which ion passed to water
was choosed as conductometer stayed.

60

50
f(x) = 0.01x + 42.95
40

30
k (S/m)
20

10

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
t(s)

Figure 3. Conductivity vs. time graph for 2 M NaCl

The Figure 3 shows the relationship between the time and conductivity. As theoretically, the
increasing of the conductivity is excepted but the opposite situation was seen in experiment
because of the same reaons of 1M and 1,5M NaCl solutions. The less amount of decreasing of
conductivity can be explain that the molarity and the steady-state situation was seen more
clearly than the others because of the more dried membrane which gave more accurated data
and molarity.
 60

50

40

30
k (S/m)
20 room temperature 40C

10

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

t (s)

2. Effect of
Temperature to the Diffusion

Figure 4. Comparison of the 2M NaCl at room temperature and at 40C

Figure 4 shows the comparison of conductivity of 2M NaCl at room temperature and at 40C.
First difference between them the time which is the arriving time to steady-state. While
temperature increased diffusivity incresed with time as excepted. In theory, diffusivity
increases with temperature in mean molecular velocity increased with temperature increasing
and diffusion of molecules increases so the arriving time to steady-state becomes shorter like
our experiment result.

Part II: Diffusion in Gases

1. Determination of Diffusion Coefficients and Mass Flux for Gases