University of Bahrain

College of engineering
Department of process instrumentation and control engineering

CHEMY313
Analytical Chemistry
Flame Photometry

Name: Jasim Abdulla Jasim Sabt

ID :20183939
 Table of Contents
Aim:..........................................................................................................3
Introduction:.............................................................................................3
Equipment And Chemicals...................................................................4
Data Result and Calculation: -.................................................................4
Discussion:...............................................................................................7
Conclusion:..............................................................................................7
Aim:
Ddetermination of the concentration of sodium and potassium in
drinking water and tap water using flame photometer.

Introduction:

Flame Photometry (Flame Atomic Emission Spectrometry) is a

branch of spectroscopy in which the species examined in the
spectrophotometer are in the form of atoms. Flame photometry is based
on measurement of intensity of the light emitted when a metal is
introduced into flame. A flame photometer is an instrument used in in
inorganic chemical analysis to determine the concentration of certain
metal ions, among them: Sodium, Potassium and Lithium.
Basic Concept:
Atoms of elements are subjected to hot flame, Orbital electrons
absorb thermal (heat) energy and become excited, upon excitation, the
electrons would return to their ground state releasing energy as photos
of a specific wavelength.

Equipment and Chemicals:

 Emission spectroscopy instrument.
 Samples.

Data Result and Calculation: -

 Standard Solutions Unknown

Sodium (ppm) Intensity of Sample 1 Sample 2

emitted light 30 35
0.0 0.0
10.0 20.0
20.0 45.0
40.0 78.0
50.0 100.0

Potassium Intensity of emitted Sample 1 Sample 2

(ppm) light 30.0 70.0
0.0 0.0
2.5 25.0
5.0 48.0
7.0 73.0
10.0 100.0

Graphs
 standerd solution (Na)
120

100
f(x) = 1.97 x + 1.33
80
Intensity (%)

60

40

20

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Concemtration (ppm)

standerd solution (k)

120

100
f(x) = 10.1 x − 0.3
80
Intensity (%)

60

40

20

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Concemtration (ppm)
 calculation

Standard solution 1 (Na)

sample 1: Intensity (I) =30
by straight line equation: I = 1.9698C + 1.3256
30 = 1.9698 x (C) + 1.3256
Concentration (C) =14.5570 ppm
sample 2: Intensity (I) =35
by straight line equation: I = 1.9698C + 1.3256
35 = 1.9698 x (C) + 1.3256
Concentration (C) =17.0953 ppm
Standard solution 2 (K)
sample 1: Intensity (I) =30
by straight line equation: I = 10.101C - 0.2965
30 = 10.101 x(C) - 0.2965
Concentration (C) =2.9994 ppm
sample 2: Intensity (I) =70
by straight line equation: I = 10.101C - 0.2965
70 = 10.101 x(C) - 0.2965
Concentration (C) =6.9594 ppm

Discussion:

1. Atomic electron transition is a change of an electron from one

energy level to another within an atom or artificial atom. it happens
between the orbitals, which needs more energy, and it is especially
for the UV/Visible electromagnetic radiation, Potassium and
sodium atoms absorb the electromagnetic radiation, and they will
be transformed from the ground state to the excited state

2. A relationship between absorption and the intensity of the

substance in potassium and sodium is a direct relationship, and as
the concentration increases (C ∝ I), As we see in the graph the
diagram is increasing. And in Sodium (Na) sample 1 the Intensity
was (I) =30 give Concentration (C) =14.5570 ppm and in sample
2 the Intensity was (I) =35 give Concentration (C) =17.0953 ppm, if
the CONCENTRATION increases the INTENSITY increases.
Conclusion:

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is a method of

chemical analysis that uses the intensity of light emitted from a
flame, plasma, arc, or spark at a particular wavelength to
determine the quantity of an element in a sample. we used the
Flame Atomic Emission Spectrometry method experiment to
measure the concentration of sodium and potassium. And we see
the relationship between intensity and concentration.
Unfortunately, there are some errors in the experiment due to
human error.

References:

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_electron_transition
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_emission_spectroscopy
3. https://www.britannica.com/science/excitation