NEW YORK UNIVERSITY

INSTITUTE Of MATHEMATICAL SCONCES

LIFKARY
4 Wadiinglon Ploce, New Yo* 3, N. Y
 1

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY, APPLIED MATHEMATICS

, 1945
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
Copy Ho. 1 & INSTTTUTE OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCE*
LIBRARY
tf Wa*npoo PUce. Nw Yo*i i, N. Y

?Ol . G. T. KlYey

Proni Dr. J. . . nld

3ub Joe 1 '

:ns flow In rocket a.
L

This nonoron^um I n reaponao to your var" al 1

rl
In the study of ht
'mo
low In rockets. The foil ywinc su- eatlons
eonaeotl n am of reso^rc
kd wms ra
I In the "outline' of pest
Lss of eh' <ive bis recently).

'he ex-
antal detorV. '

which reasons
low In rjrketa cn be

. I ,

p. 4f to make -lany re; c n-e ral he

lor of steel wulla K-ota II o of hot
It Is 1 eta date
v
1

, well sa
quaal-l uel
ste 1 . | ten t>e] Is from 0c
to a' out 100CTC. It is tod that seloi ^nts
l , S3
'
e< f
v
he alloy
ste Is re
, (ewelli >rk
ilni

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zero,
see the

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THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS IHFOBMATION AFFECTIN8 THk

Al DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THE MEANING
E ACT, U 8. C. 50l 3! AND 32. ITS THAN*.

)N OR THE REVEIATI T8 IN ANY MANNCt

UNAUTHORIZED PERSON lb PROHIBITU UY LAW.
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 tl natter be ohookedt (1) by a metallu;- 'ci.l
la
anlnstl n of the type discussed at t? lierkoley nesting,
and (11) by record^ lstorles at v
rates of heat la loua points In the steol, by Means
of an errMngoment auoh ao indlooted In i lg. 1.

M rocket no tor or nae hoieinr the grain.

* powder grain.
6 ateel tube under test (about 1/4" thlok) ulth
*1' ' fcv three matched thermocouples In matched
wells drilled aa deep as poaalble In B (using
small solid tubos of Insula. Ion t round the
ouple wire In eaoh wel
external clomps If neceaenry for mechanical
atrongth)*
ate
.^ered to provide differing ratea of
heel*. t ormocouplea.
nozzles.

The orranger.ont s ^lee that us

dt, but ero -
;t la to obtain temperature recorda
loua rtes of he; couple it
may be of the aimple spa.k-welded type (augneated on p. 4
of the lerkel ar
clor parable oscillograms
rocorda ( terrors lure vs. tine). On the :nti ocurete
 -5-

aLsolute calibration of the ther s ana eot.'i

of heat deflection duo to tho wells le not necessary In
these preliminary experiments. Dl~ens*ons of the components
picturec ! . 1 should be chosen so that tempera* uree up
to s out 9;:n c will e re hed st rarlouf re tea at tho ther-
mocouples. >obabl> several d'f erent a lei of and P will
be required to -et a sufficiently wide ~n e of rates of
tag to *> Informative, ^he presence of a quasl-latent-
hoat of transformation will be Indicated bj a alight levelling
of* of the temperature- tine curve near s critical tempers tur;
otherwise rate effects nay be noted (In which case the thermal
research program for temper- turee above 6J0C will probably
require the development of particularly accurate thermocouple
atructurea)

(B) The design of non-perturbing thermocouple atructurea

for the measurement of transient temperatures In walls of
rockets hss boon discussed, In particular, In the A*Q-NYU
Memoranda Numbers 113 aatf 122, copies of wh'ch were sent to
you. Tt la recommended that the design, precision conatruc-
tlon and teat of auch atructurea be undertaken, keeping la
mind points (on perturbation etc.) such as those raised In
the above mentioned memoranda. Since any welding or metal
folia may considerably alter the local thermal ''constants''
of the steel It would seem arvlaable to try to develop an
Ideal form of thermocouple as a standard for comparisons.
It seems likely that tho admittedly complicated conduction
Indicated In Fljr. 2 would approach this Ideal.

Fig. e
(a) Croaa aectlon perpendicular to axia of rocket
(b) Cross section parallel to axis of rocket.
 -4-

P. lUd wall of rocket (or removable plug made of the

game eteel as the wall). C
W wedge (about 1/4" Ion/; and of stout 5 le
< made of
)

fine porcelain (or other mechanically strong dielectric

mater lsl with low heat capacity and low thermal conduc-
ts), Thle wedge haa a thin thermoelectric Junction
J formed (along the preclalon vertex line) by the meeting
thin la; era of the~moelectr_cally atable metal a*ra
euch aa t anu t b7/ T<h 13 / sputtered or evaporated
In vacuo onto respective facea of the wedge, ""he vertex
line and Junction ahoulci be "linear" within 10" B lnchee
t. correspond to a 1C eccurucy in a typically maximum
gradient of 10* C per Inch In the wall.
V - roclelon ground notch (about 8 an^-le) with line vertex
matching that of w anu running parallel to and at selected
distance from the hot surface of '
'he notch mi^ht be
.

grouna by use of a precision tnpered rota?} cutter making

the side view of the noteh as indicated in Pig. 2(b).
Alternatively, for a steel *.lug P split along a plane
through l^a axis, the pr<- rinding might be per-
formed in the open on th* two surfaces of tha split, the
plug then being carefully assembled (possibly In a steel
bushing) and screwed into the well of the rocket, re-
finements would doubtless be suggester; by tests.

In the sbove design the temperature In the stsel would

theorem col"y be hardly affected by the slct and worige. There-
fore, a hlgn ci iracy should be attainaM ec that
.

thermal contact were obta'ned between the (de ussed) apex of

V and J, and provided that adequate electronic equ! stent were
used (sec A"a-yvn w . 113, p. 2 for smpllfler reference). Such
an "Ideal" thermocouple coulc be vaed to teat the accuracy of
simpler desims with pressed gold foil or welded Junctlone such
ss those recommend - No. 113 (psra. r-a 6) or such
I

ea those indicated In Pig, 3 below.

(a) Junction welded (b) Assembled steel plug (e) inplo plug
"in situ", possibly with welding of Jun- oons true t ion
by use of spark. ction performed before for ease of
insertion into well. h* long enough
for threading*
rami z<
 .

IBM
.. ""n
f * -
.

R wall of rocket
J Junction (two adjacent Junctions at same dis-
tance h" from hot surface ere required)
C rod of metal forming ona member of thermocou le
B * elect- oal load
T (Pig. 5b) * wary fine screw threat.- holding plug
In wall

If a cylindrical rod la used for C It should satisfy the

oondltlon R d 4 * K'^'d 4 (K and S being the thecal conductivity
and the heat capacity of the teel, anc if 0. (8M AM
Ho. 12^, bottom of page 1.) The diameter d should not exceed
the distance h". If KS * K'S then s slightly tapered form for
1

C should be used (much as 1 1 lustra tad In Fig, So) . To minimise

perturbation In the reflected best wave from the far end of C
the length h* should be auch that

h h

C. Oa. f 1 w In rockets. To provide some data for an accurate

theoretical treatment of ^rti flow around a tubular powder gr^ln
->

Is Is suggested that small tungsten "flip's" (vanes) be quite

ly mounted at various polnta along the fcliSnnels and that
then one or more X-ray photographs be taken. The smsl vanes
photographed edtre on, should rive an nd'c. ti n of the os' Lions
,

of stagnation jrolnta and of the degree of turbulence in the

channels. For rather stosay motion of the gas semi-quart tltlve
messurements of velocities could possibly be obtained from
X-ray pie tares showing the deflection of a fine tungsten "pen-
dulum" (with or without some elastic constraint). Such rather
unorthodox methods seem to be necessary to study the r ther
extreme phenomena concerned.
If a transparent walled rocket could be fired successfu
it woulu be of value to secure shadow and Schlleren movies (or
stills) of the flow pe tern.

Other 3chlleren experiments on external blast fronts would

be of Interest theoretically, but discus Ion of them will be
deferrec until later.
I
W YORK UN"VERSITY
INSTm rr^
'NST.TUTEOFMATHEMAT,CALSCNaS
LIBRARY
4 Washington Place,
New YonV 3, N Y
.
s
m
 NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE Of MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES
LIBRARY
4 Washington Place, New YoHt 3, N. Y