CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO STATE SPACE

ANALYSIS
Introduction:
Background of control system
In control system, the behavior of system or performance of system is studied using time
domain approaches (Root Locus, Routh-Hurwitz criteria) and frequency domain analysis (Bode
plot).
In all these methods systems is modeled using transfer function that is Laplace transform
of ratio of output to input.
Here Initial conditions are neglected and therefore there are limitations in conventional
technique.

Limitations of Conventional Method

It cannot be applied to linear time variant systems.
Conventional approach does not hold good for non-linear systems.
It is not a convenient approach for Multiple Input and Multiple output systems.
Bode plots, Root Locus is the classical or conventional trial and error methods therefore
the results are not accurate.
It is difficult to obtain results of time domain higher order systems from this approach.
Output is dependent on only input in conventional methods and the initial conditions are
neglected therefore fail to obtain optimal solution required.
Example 1.2 Obtain the state diagram of SISO system represented by equations,
X1(t)=a1X1(t)+b1U(t), X2(t)=a2X1(t)+a3X2(t)+b2 U(t), X3(t)=a4X2(t)+a5X3(t)+b3U(t) and
Y(t)=c1X1(t)+c2X2(t)+ c3X3(t)
Example 1.3
Example 1.4
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Example 1.6
Example 1.7
Example 1.8
Example 1.9
Example 1.20

Example 1.21
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Example 1.23
Example 1.24
Example 1.25
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Example 1.28
Example 1.29
Example 1.30
Solution of Homogeneous Equation by review of classical Method
1. Solution of state equation by Laplace transforms method
Example 1.31
Example 1.32
2. Power Series Method

Example 1.33
Example 1.34