Binomial Theorem

Binomial Theorem
1. DEFINITION OF BINOMIAL EXPRESSION AND BINOMIAL EXPANSION :
An expression containing two terms, is called a binomial expression. For example
a + b/x, x + 1/y, a y2 etc. are binomial expressions. Expansion of (x + a)n is called Binomial
Expansion.
Expression containing three terms are called trinomials. For example x + y + z is a trinomial expression.
In general an expression containing more than two terms is called a multinomial.

1.1 Definition of binomial theorem :

If n is a positive integer and x, y are two complex numbers, then
n
x y n n Cr x n r y r
r 0
= nC0xn + nC1xn 1 y + nC2xn 2 y2 + . . . + nCn yn . . . (i)
n n n
The coefficients C0, C1, . . . , Cn are called binomial coefficients, while (i) is called the binomial
expansion.

1.2 Some Important Facts Regarding Binomial Expansion :

(i) There are (n + 1) terms in the expansion. .in
ps
(ii) The sum of the exponents of x and y in any term of the expansion is equal to n.
te

(iii) The binomial coefficients of terms equidistant from the beginning and the end are equal,
since nCr = nCn r .
yS

(iv) The term nCr xn r yr is the (r + 1)th term from the beginning of the expansion. It is usually
denoted by Tr + 1 and is called the general term of the expansion.
ud

(v) The rth term from the end is equal to the (n r + 2)th term from the beginning, i.e.,
n
Cn r + 1 xr 1 yn r + 1 .
St

n
(vi) If n is even, then the expansion has only one middle term, the 1 th term i.e.,
2
n
Cn / 2 x n / 2 y n / 2 .
n 1 n 3 th
If n is odd, then the expansion has two middle terms, the th term and the
2 2
n n 1 / 2 y n 1 / 2 n n 1 / 2 y n 1 / 2
term i.e., C n 1 / 2 x and C n 1 / 2 x .
Illustration 1 :
10
1
Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of x 2 .
8
2x
Solution:
We have
r
1
Tr + 1 = 10Cr(x)10 r 2 = 10
Cr ( 1)r 2 r x10 3r
2x
To find the coefficient of x8, we have
10 3r = 8

Page 1 of 14 www.StudySteps.in
 Binomial Theorem
i.e., r = 6.
Thus, the 7th term has x 8 and its coefficient is
105
C6 1 26
10 6
.
32
Illustration 2:
9
Find the 3rd term from the end in the expansion of x 3 .
1
x
Solution:
The 3rd term from the end is equal to (9 3 + 2)th term, i.e., the 8th term from the beginning. Hence,
the required term is
7
1 9.8 1 36

9 3 97
T8 = C7 (x ) .
x 2 x x

Illustration 3:
9
Find the middle term in the expansion of ax b .
Solution: x
The expansion has two middle terms,

viz
9 1 th
2
th
= 5 term and
.in 9 3 th

2
th
= 6 term.
ps
Hence, the middle terms are
te

4
9
T5 = C4 (ax) 94
b

x
9.8.7.6 5 4

a b x 126a 5b 4 x
yS

1.2.3.4
5
b

9.8.7.6

a 4 b5 x 1 126a 4 b5 x 1
ud

9 95
and T6 = C5 (ax)

x 1.2.3.4
St

drill exercise - 1
1. If p and q be positive, then prove that the coefficients of xp and xq in the expansion of (1 + x)p+ q will
be equal.
2. (a) Find the term independent of y in the expansion of (y1/6 - y1/3)9 .
(b) Find the coefficient of x5 in the expansion of the product (1 + 2x)6 (1 x)7 .

87
3. Find the number of integral terms in the expansion of 233 .

4. If coefficient of (2r + 3)th and (r - 1)th terms in the expansion of (1 + x)15 are equal, then find the
value of r.
12
a
5. (a) Find the middle term in the expansion of bx .
x

Page 2 of 14 www.StudySteps.in
 Binomial Theorem

9
x3

Find the middle term in the expansion of 3 x .
(b)
6
2. SOME STANDARD EXPANSIONS :

n
(i) Consider the expansion x y n Cr x n r y r
n
. . . (i)
r 0
If we replace y by y in equation (i), we have
n
x y n Cr 1 x n r yr
n r
. . . (ii)
r 0

C0 x n n C1x n 1y n C2 x n 2 y 2 n Cn 1 y n
n n
= . . . (ii)

(ii) Adding equations (i) and (ii), we have

1
n


x y n x y n
C0 x n n C 2 x n 2 y 2 n C 4 x n 4 y 4 . . . (iii)
2
and substracting equations (ii) from (i) we have,

C1x n 1y n C3 x n 3 y 3 n C5 x n 5 y 5
.in
1
n
ps
n
n
x y x y . . . (iv)
2
te

(iii) Putting x = 1 and y = 1 in equation (i), we have

yS

n
C0 n C1 n C2 n Cn 1 n Cn 2n . . . (v)
Thus, we see that the sum of the binomial coefficients of (x + y)n is 2n.
ud

(iv) Putting x = 1 and y = 1 in equation (iii) and (iv), we have

C0 n C2 n C4 2n 1 n C1 n C3 n C5
St

n . . . (vi)

(v) Putting x = 1 and replacing y by x in equation (i), we have

(1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1x + nC2x2 + . . . + nCnxn . . . (vii)
Replacing x by x in equation (vii), we have
(1 x)n = nC0 nC1 x + nC2x2 . . . + nCn ( 1)n xn . . . (viii)

2.1 Important Formulae :

If C0 , C1, C2 , C3 ,........... represent n C0 , n C1, n C2 , n C3 ........... in the expansion of (1 + x) n . Then
(i) C0 C1 C2 C3 ........... Cn 2 n

(ii) C0 C1 C2 C3 .............( 1) n Cn 0

Page 3 of 14 www.StudySteps.in
 Binomial Theorem

(iii) C0 C2 C4 ............. C1 C3 C5 ........... 2 n 1

drill exercise - 2

e2 1j e2 1j
10
Find the sum of the series 20 Cr .
6 6
1. (a) Find the value of . (b)
r 0

2. Find the value of 14 C1 14 C3 14 C5 14 C11 .

n 1 n n
r Cm , n m .
Cr
3. (a) Find the sum of the series n
Cr n Cr 1
. (b) Find the value of
r 0 r m

n 1 3r 7 r 15r
Find the sum of the series 4 r . . . to
r n
4. ( 1) C r r 2r 3r
r 0 2 2 2 2

n
1
5.
x
.in
If the 4th term in the expansion of ax is 5/2, then find the values of a and n.
ps
te

2.2 Questions related with integral and fractional part

Illustration 4 :
yS

If (7 + 4 3 )n = I + F, where I is a positive integer and F is a proper fraction, then show that

(I + F) (1 F) = 1.
ud

Solution :
Let G = (7 4 3 )n.
St

Clearly, if we add G and I + F, we get an integer i.e.,

I + F + G = (7 + 4 3 )n + (7 4 3 )n
= 2[nC07n + nC27n2 (4 3 )2 + . . . ] = an even integer..
F+G=1 G = 1 F
Hence, (I + F) (1 F) = (I + F) G = (7 + 4 3 )n (7 4 3 )n = 1.

drill exercise 3
1. Find the greatest integer less than or equal to ( 2 + 1)6.

2. If n is a natural number, show that the integral part of (5 + 2 6 )n is odd natural number..

3. Show that the integer just greater than ( 3 + 1)2m contains 2m+1 as a factor..

4. If (6 6 + 14)2n + 1 = R and F = R [R], where [R] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to
R, prove that RG = 20 2n+1.

Page 4 of 14 www.StudySteps.in
 Binomial Theorem

5. If (5 + 6 )n = I + f, where I and n are positive integers and f is a positive fraction less than one, show
that (I + f) (1 f) = 1.

3. GREATEST BINOMIAL COEFFICIENT :

The greatest coefficient depends upon the value of n.
n no. of greatest coefficient (s) Greatest coefficient
n
Even 1 C n/2
n n
C n 1 C n 1
Odd 2 and
2 2
(Values of both these coefficients are equal)
Clearly greatest binomial coefficient corresponds to the coefficient of middle term.

4. NUMERICALLY GREATEST TERM OF BINOMIAL EXPANSION :

(a + x)n = C0 an + C1an 1 x + . . . Cn 1 a xn 1 + Cnxn

Tr 1 n
Cr x n r 1 x

.in
Tr n a r a
Cr 1

n r 1 x
1 , for given a, x and n, then r n 1
ps
If
r a a
1
x
te

yS

n 1
So numerically greatest term will be Tr + 1, where r =
1 a
ud

x
[ ] denotes the greatest integer function.
St

n 1
Note : If itself is a natural number, then Tr = Tr + 1 and both the terms are numerically greatest term.
a
1
x
Illustration 5 .
10
3x
Given that the 4th term in the expansion of 2 has the maximum numerical value, find the
8
range of values of x for which this will be true.
Solution:
According to the question, |t4| |t3|, |t4| |t5|.
r
3x
Now tr 10
= Cr. 2 10 r

+1
8
3 2 4
3x 3x 3x
t4 = C3. 2 . , t3 = 10C2. 28. and t5 = 10C4. 26.
10 7
8 8 8

Page 5 of 14 www.StudySteps.in
 Binomial Theorem

Now, |t4| |t3|

3 2
3 3
C3. 2 . . | x |3 10C2. 28.
10 7
. | x |2 . . . (i)
8 8
and |t4| |t5|
3 4
3 3
C3. 2 . . |x|3 10C4. 26. . | x |4
10 7
. . . (ii)
8 8
from (i)
10.9.8 3 10.9
. . | x |3 .2 | x |2
6 8 2
or 45| x | 90 | x |2
3

or | x |3 2|x|2 0
or | x | 2 ,as x can not be zero.
10.9.8 10.9.8.7 3
from (ii) .2 | x |3 . . | x |4
6 24 8

or | x |3
7 3
. | x |4
8 8 .in
ps
21 21
or | x |3 1 | x | 0 1 | x | 0
64
te

64
64
yS

|x|
21
64 1 64 64
ud

Thus, we get | x | 2 and | x | 3 . So x , 2 2,

21 21 21 21
St

drill exercise 4

1. Prove that the greatest coefficient in the expansion of (1 + x)2n is double the greatest coefficient in the
expansion (1 + x)2n 1.

2. Find numerically the greatest term in the expansion of (3 5x)15 when x = 1/5.

3. Find the greatest term in the expansion of (1 + x)10 when x = 2/3.

n
3 x 1
4. If the expansion of when x = , it is known that 6th term is the greatest term, then find the
2 3 2
possible positive integral values of n.

Page 6 of 14 www.StudySteps.in
 Binomial Theorem
5. Show that if the greatest term in the expansion of (1 + x)2n has also the greatest coefficient, then x lies
n n 1
between and .
n 1 n

5. SERIES OF BINOMIAL COEFFICIENT :

5 . 1 Sum of the series by the use of differentiation :
Generally we use the method of differentiation when the coefficient of binomial expansion Ck is a
polynomial in k

Important Formulae :
If C0 , C1, C2 , C3 ,........... represent n C0 , n C1, n C2 , n C3 ........... in the expansion of (1 + x)n . Then
(i) C1 2C 2 3C 3 ............. nC n n.2 n 1

(ii) C1 2C2 3C3 .............( 1) n 1 n. Cn 0

Illustration 6:
Find the sum of the series
C0 3C1 + 5C2 + . . . + ( 1)n (2n + 1)Cn. .in
ps
Solution :
te

We have
(1 x)n = C0 C1x + C2x2 . . . + Cn ( 1)nxn . . . (i)
yS

Replacing x by x2 in equation (i), we have

(1 x2)n = C0 C1x2 + C2x4 . . . + Cn ( 1)n x2n . . . (ii)
Multiplying throughout by x, we have
ud

x(1 x2)n = C0 x C1 x3 + C2x5 . . . + Cn ( 1)n x2n + 1 . . . (iii)

Differentiating equation (iii) w.r.t. x, we have
St

(1 x2)n 2nx2 (1 x2)n 1 = C0 3C1x2 + 5C2x4 . . . + 1 2n 1 Cn x 2n

n
. . . (iv)
Putting x = 1 in equation (iv), we have
C0 3C1 + 5C2 . . . + ( 1)n (2n + 1) Cn = 0.

Illustration 7:
Find the sum of the series
12. C1 + 22. C2 + 32. C3 + . . . + n2. Cn

Solution :
We have
(1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + . . . + Cnxn . . . (i)
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t. x, we have
n(1 + x)n 1 = C1 + 2C2x + 3C3x2 + . . . + nCnxn 1 . . . (ii)
Multiplying equation (ii) throughout by x, we have
nx(1 + x)n 1 = C1x + 2C2x2 + 3C3x3 + . . . + nCnxn . . . (iii)
Differentiating equation (iii) w.r.t. x, we have

Page 7 of 14 www.StudySteps.in
 Binomial Theorem
n(1 + x)n 1 + n (n 1)(1 + x)n 2
= C1 + 22. C2x + 32. C3x2 + . . . + n2. Cn xn 1 . . . (iv)
Putting x = 1 in equation (iii), we have
12. C1 + 22. C2 + 32. C3 + . . . + n2. Cn
= n. 2n 1 + n(n 1). 2n 2 = (n2 + n) 2n 2
= n (n + 1)2n 2.
5.2 Sum of the series by the use of integration :
Ck
Generally we use integration for the series having terms of the form r m or of the form
m 1
Ck
rm .
m 1 m 2 . . . m j
Illustration 8:
Find the sum of the series
C1 C C
aC0 + a2 a 3 2 . . . a n 1 n
2 3 n 1
Solution :

.in
We have (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + . . . + Cnxn . . . (i)
Integrating equation (i) w.r.t. x, we have
ps
a a

1 x dx C0 C1x C2 x 2 . . . Cn x n dx
n
. . . (ii)
te

0 0
yS

a
1 x n 1 n 1
1 a 1
Now, L.H.S. = n 1 n 1

ud

0
a
x2 x3 C C
and R.H.S = 0C C1 C 2 . . . aC0 a 2 1 a 3 2 . . .
St

2 3 0 2 3

Hence, we have
n 1
C1 3 C2
a . . .
1 a 1
aC0 + a2
2 3 n 1
Illustration 9:
C C C n 1 C n
Find the sum of the series C1 2 3 4 . . . 1 .
2 3 4 n
Solution :
We have (1 x)n = C0 C1x + C2x2 . . . + Cn ( 1)n xn
n 1 n
1 1 x C1x C2 x 2 C3x 3 . . . Cn 1
n
i.e. x

1 1 x
n
n 1
i.e. C1 C 2 x C3 x 2 . . . C n 1 x n 1 . . . (i)
x
Integrating equation (i) w.r.t. x from 0 to 1, we have

Page 8 of 14 www.StudySteps.in
 Binomial Theorem

1 1 x
1 n 1

dx C1 C 2 x C3 x 2 . . . dx
x
0 0
1
1 x
1 1 x 2 x3 xn
1 x x
n
Now, L.H.S. = 1 x dx =
n1
2
. . . x dx x . . .
0 0 2 3 n
0
1 1 1
= 1 + . . .
2 3 n
1
x2 x3 C C C
and R.H.S.= C1x C2 C3 . . . C1 2 3 . . . + ( 1) n 1 n
2 3 0 2 3 n 1
Hence, we have
C 2 C3 n 1 C n 1 1 1
C1 . . . 1 1 . . . .
2 3 n 2 3 n

drill exercise 5
1. If C0, C1, C2, . . . Cn denote the coefficient in the binomial expansion of (1 + x)n, then prove that :
C0 C1 + C2 C3 + . . . + (1)n Cn = 0

2. .in
If C0, C1, C2, . . . Cn denote the coefficient in the binomial expansion of (1 + x)n, then prove that :
ps
C0 + 3C1 + 5C2 + . . . (2n + 1) Cn = (n + 1).2n
te

3. If C0, C1, C2, . . . Cn denote the coefficient in the binomial expansion of (1 + x)n, then prove that :
(1.2) C2 + (2.3) C3 + . . . + ((n 1).n) Cn = n (n 1)2n2
yS

n
C1 C3 C5 2n 1
4. If Cr = Cr then prove that + + +...= .
n 1
ud

2 4 6
5. If C0, C1, C2, . . . Cn denote the coefficient in the binomial expansion of (1 + x)n, then prove that :
St

32 33 34 3n 1 4 n 1 1
3C0 + C + C + C +...+ C = .
2 1 3 2 4 3 n 1 n n 1
n
6. n
If (1 + x) = n C r x n , then prove that
r 0

C0 2 C1 3 C 2 4 Cn 3n 2 2 n 5
.2 + .2 + .2 + . . . + 2n+2 =
1.2 2 .3 3 .4 (n 1)(n 2) (n 1)(n 2)

5.3 Binomial Theorem For Any Rational Index :

n( n 1) 2 n( n 1)( n 2) 3
(1 + x)n = 1 nx x x where n R , -1 < x < 1.
2! 3!
Deduction :
(1 - x)-1 = 1 + x + x2 + x3 +.....................+ xr ................ x 1
b g
(1 - x)-2 = 1 + 2x + 3x2 +.........................+ r 1 x r ............ x 1

Page 9 of 14 www.StudySteps.in
 Binomial Theorem

(r + 1)(r + 2)x r
-3 2 3
(1 - x) = 1 + 3x + 6x + 10 x +.................+ .............. x 1
2
5.4 Multinomial Expansion ( n N ) :

d
General terms in expansion of x 1 x2 x3 ......... x k i
n
is
n! a a a ak
.x1 1 .x2 2 .x3 3 ........xk where
a1! a2! a3!.........a k !
a1 a2 a3 .......... a k n, 0 ai n, i 1, 2, 3,....... k and the number of terms in the expansion are
n k 1
C k 1 .
Number of terms in (x + y)n = n 1 C1
Number of terms in ( x y z) n n 2 C2
Number of terms in ( x y z ) n 3 C3
5.5 Sum of the series by comparing the coefficients of some power of x in an expansion :
In this method we use the fact that coefficient of same power of x in an appropriate identity is the given
series.

.in
Important Formulae :
If C0 , C1, C2 , C3 ,........... represent n C0 , n C1, n C2 , n C3 ........... in the expansion of (1 + x)n . Then
ps
(i) C0 2 C12 C2 2 .............Cn 2 2n Cn
te

(ii) C 0C r C1C r 1 C 2 C r 2 ............. C n r C n 2 n C n r or 2n

C n r
yS

Illustration 10:
Find the sum of the series
m
Cr + mCr 1nC1 + mCr 2 nC2 + . . . + nCr
ud

where r < m, n and m, n, r N.

Solution :
St

We have
(1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1 x + nC2x2 + . . . + nCrxr + . . . + nCn xn . . . (ii)
and (1 + x)m = mC0 + mC1x + . . . + mCr 2 xr 2 + mCr 1 x r 1
+ mCr xr + . . . + mCmxm . . . (ii)
Hence, the given series
= coefficient of xr in (1 + x)n (1 + x)m
= coefficient of xr in (1 + x)m + n = m n
Cr .
Illustration 11:
Find the sum of the series C12 2.C22 3.C32 . . . n.C2n
Solution :
We have (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + . . . + n. Cnxn . . . (i)
n
1 1 1 1
and 1 C0 C1 C 2 2 . . . C n n . . . (ii)
x x x x
Differentiating equation (i) w.r.t. x, we have

Page 10 of 14 www.StudySteps.in
 Binomial Theorem
n(1 + x)n 1 = C1 + 2C2x + 3C3x2 + . . . + nCn xn 1 . . . (iii)
n
1
Hence, the given series = coefficient of x in 1 . n (1 + x)n 1
1
x
= n coefficient of xn 1 in (1 + x)2n 1
= n.2n 1 C n 1 .

5.6 Sum of the series by equating the real and imaginary parts :
Illustration 12:
n
Prove that C1 C3 + C5 . . . = 2n/2 sin
4
Solution :
Consider the expansion
(1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + . . . + Cnxn . . . (i)
Putting x = i in equation (i) we have
(1 i)n = C0 C1i C2+ C3i + C4 + . . . ( 1)n Cn in
n n

.in
or (2)n/2 cos 4 i sin 4 = (C0 C2 + C4 . . . ) i. (C1 C3 + C5 . . . ) . . . (ii)

equating the imaginary part in (i), we get
ps
n
C1 C3 + C5 . . . = 2n/2 sin
4
te

Illustration 13:
If (3 + 4x)n = p0 + p1x + p2x2 + p3x3 + . . . + pnxn, then prove that
yS

(p0 p2 + p4 . . . )2 + (p1 p3 + p5 . . .)2 = 25n

Solution :
ud

Consider the expansion (3 + 4x)n = p0 + p1x + p2x2 + p3x3 + . . . + pnxn

Putting x = i in the above expansion we get,
St

(3 + 4i)n = (p0 p2+ p4 . . .) + i (p1 p3 + p5 . . .)

Equating the square of the modulus, we get,
(p0 p2 + p4 . . . )2 + (p1 p3 + p5 . . .)2 = 25n

drill exercise 6
1. If C0, C1, C2, C3, . . ., Cn1, Cn denote the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n, then
prove that :
(2n )! 1.3.5. . . (2n 1)
C0C1 + C1C2 + C2C3 + . . . + Cn1 .Cn = = .n.2n
(n 1)!(n 1)! (n 1)!
2. If C0, C1, C2, C3, . . ., Cn1, Cn denote the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n, then
prove that :
(2n )!
C0Cr + C1Cr+1 + C2Cr+2 + . . . + Cnr Cn =
(n r )!(n r )!
3. If C0, C1, C2, C3, . . ., Cn1, Cn denote the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n, then find
1 2 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 . . . n 2
the value of C12 + C2 + C3 + . . . + Cn .
2 3 n

Page 11 of 14 www.StudySteps.in
 Binomial Theorem
4. Prove that :
n1
Cn1.nC1 + n1
Cn2.nC2 + n1
Cn3.nC3 + . . . + n1
C0.nCn = 2n1
Cn1

5. Prove that :
n1
C0.nC2 + n1C1.nC3 + n1
C2.nC4 + . . . + n1
Cn2.nCn = 2n1
Cn2

5.7 Approximations :
n (n 1) 2 n (n 1)(n 2) 3
(1 + x)n = 1 nx x x .....
1 .2 1 .2 .3
If x < 1, the terms of the above expansion go on decreasing and if x be very small, a stage may be
reached when we may neglect the terms containing higher powers of x in the expansion. Thus, if
x be so small that its squares and higher powers may be neglected then (1 + x) n = 1 + nx,
approximately . This is an approximate value of (1 + x)n .

5.8 Exponential Series :

2 3 n
x x x
(i) ex = 1 ......... ;where x may be any real or complex and e = Lim1 1

.in
1! 2! 3! n
n
x x2 x3
ax = 1 na n 2 a n 3a .......
ps
(ii) where a > 0
1! 2! 3!
1 1 1
te

Note : (a) e = 1 .......

1! 2! 3!
yS

(b) e is an irrational number lying between 2.7 and 2.8. Its value correct upto 10 place of
decimal is 2.7182818284.

ud

1 1 1
(c) e + e-1 = 21 ........
2! 4! 6!

St

1 1 1
(d) e - e-1 = 21 ........
3! 5! 7!
(e) Logarithms to the base e are known as the Napierian system, so named after Napier,
their inventor. They are also called Natural Logarithm.

5.9 Logarithmic Series :

x2 x3 x4
(i) n (1 x ) x ........ where 1 x 1
2 3 4
x2 x3 x4
(ii) n (1 x ) x .......... where 1 x 1
2 3 4
(1 x ) x
3
x
5

(iii) n 2 x ....... | x | 1
(1 x ) 3 5

Remember :

Page 12 of 14 www.StudySteps.in
 Binomial Theorem

1 1 1
(a) 1 .......... n 2
2 3 4
(b) e n x x
(c) n 2 0.693
(d) n10 2.303

drill exercise - 7

a bx (a bx ) 2 (a bx ) 3
1. Find the coefficient of xn in the series 1 .......
1! 2! 3!

2. If x is so small that is square and higher powers may be neglected, then prove that :
(1 3x )1/ 2 (1 x ) 5 / 3 41
1 x .
(4 x ) 24
1/ 2

3. If
ex
1 x .in
= A0 + A1x + A2x2 + . . . + Anxn + . . . , then prove that
ps
1
(a) A0 =1 (b) An An1 = n !
te
yS

1 1 1 1 1
4. Prove that : + 3 + 5 + 7 +...= log 2
3 3. 3 5. 3 7. 3 2
ud

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 + . + . 2 + . 3 + . . . = log 12
St

5. Prove that :
2 3 4 4 5 4 6 7 4

Page 13 of 14 www.StudySteps.in
 Binomial Theorem

Answer Key
drill exercise - 1

2. (a) 84 (b) 171 3. 15 4. 5

189 17 21
5. (a) 924a6b6 (b) T5 = x , T6 = x19
8 16

drill exercise - 2

1
1. (a) 140 2 (b) 219 20
C10 2. 213 - 14
2

n n+1
1
3. (a) (b) Cm + 1 4.
2 2 1 n

5. 1/2, 6
.in
ps
drill exercise - 3
te

1. 197
yS

drill exercise - 4
ud

4
2
2. T4 = 455 3 12
and T5 = 455 3 12
3. 210
3
St

4. n = 49, 50, 51, . . . 59

drill exercise - 6

1 n 2 n
3. 1 2 C n 1
2

drill exercise - 7
e a .b n
1.
n!

Page 14 of 14 www.StudySteps.in