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1ENPPPCPM - Design of Structural Connections PDF
1ENPPPCPM - Design of Structural Connections PDF
Design of
Structural
Connections
Bjrn Engstrm
Chalmers University of Technology
Gteborg, Sweden
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Content
Design philosophy
Structural purpose
Force paths at different levels
Mechanical behaviour design aspects
Basic force transfer mechanisms
Compression
Shear
Tension
Bending - torsion
fib Bulletin on Structural connections
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Design aspects:
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Manufacture
Production of precast elements
Handling, storage and transportation of
precast elements
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Tolerances
Accessibility
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Modular co-ordination
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Demountability
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Diaphragm action
Fixed end
columns
Shear panels
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Shear
Shear
Tension
Tension
Shear
Shear
Core
Core
Tension
Tension
Compression
Compression
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Force paths
structural subsystems
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Force paths
structural subsystems
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Alternative
designs
force paths
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Flow of forces
through the
connection and
further away
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Mechanical behaviour
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Mechanical response
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Unintended restraint
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Preferred
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Alternative solutions
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Compression
w
N N
Tension
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Transfer of compression
local compression,
compressive strength
in confined concrete
tension
stress dispersion
splitting effects
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Design of bearings
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Design examples
Wall connection
with mortar joint Beam support
with soft bearing
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Design examples
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bolted connections
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Q Q
x0
High High
bending compression
stress
VR = 2 f cc f sy
Bending failure in bolt VR
x0 =
crushing of concrete 3 f cc
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Effect of eccentricity
eccentricity factor ke
Q 11 1
e fck/fyk
0.8
0,8
x0
k e1( e ) 0.6
0.6 20/500
k e2( e )
0.4
0,4
0.2
50/320
0,2
0.18322 0
VR = ke 2
f cc f sy 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
0
0 0,5 1,0 1,5 2,0 2,5
2.5
VR e/
x0 =
3 f cc
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Slip VR
x0 =
3 f cc
fcc
x0
2e
x0
fcc
Slip
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Different conditions
V1 = 2 f cc ,min f sy V1 = 2 f cc ,min f sy
VR VR
x 0 ,1 = x 0 ,1 =
3 f cc.min 3 f cc.min
fcc,min fcc,min
x0,1 x0,1
2e 2e
x0,2
fcc,max fcc,max
VR = 2 f cc ,max f sy
VR
x0, 2 =
3 f cc ,max
Failure
mechanism
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Response in shear
Shear force
V1 = 2 f cc ,min f sy
VR
x 0 ,1 =
3 f cc.min
fcc,min
Second plastic hinge plastic mechanism
fcc,max
Shear slip
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Effect of restraint
VR = k r 2 f cc f sy
fcc
VR
x0 =
3 f cc
1 kr 2
x0
My,red
fcc
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
VR
x0 =
3 f cc
fcc
2
ke ,r = k r + 2
x0
e
fcc
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Effect of anchorage
VR = ( s As ) + 2 f cc f s ,red
fcc f r ,red = f s s
x0
x0
fcc
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
I II III
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Shear in joints
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Shear friction
Crack width
Crack
width
Shear slip Shear slip
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Self-generated friction
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
deformed bars
strain localisation
high steel stress
yields for
small slip,
friction dominates
Fv
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
plain bars
induced
uniform strain
tension
low steel stress
yields for
large slip,
friction + dowel
Fv
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
s VR = ( s As ) + 2 f cc f s ,red
fcc f r ,red = f s s
x0
x0
fcc
Fv
Different responses
s Depends on:
joint roughness
bond resistance of
transverse bar
Fv
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Force in bar
6
52
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
shear stress
plain joints
slip
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Design examples
Fv
High
High
compression
bending
stress
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
plain
monolithic plain with
shear-keys
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Uncracked joint
Cracked joints
Vertical shear
capacity
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
beff
7
Applications
6
3
4
1
reinforcement
in concrete 5
filled sleeves
transversal ties 2
cast in-situ
concrete
beff
joint fill
2 3 4
1
transversal ties
longitudinal tie
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Transfer of tension
pl
Fsu
y
l ty l t,pl
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Headed bar
Concrete capacity
design approach
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Tensile capacity is
needed for:
diaphragm action
in floor
shear friction
resistance of joints
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
b . tan
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Splitting cracks
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Anchorage failures
N Nmax
Splitting
N Nmax
Pull-out
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bond stress
Force [MPa]
50
45
40
. . .
. . . . .
. 35
30
Bond, b
HSC
. . 25
40 . .
.
. .
. 20
NSC
. . 15
mm . . . . 10
. 5
0
Slip 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Passive end-slip [mm]
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
End slip
Reference point
Slip
F
Steel bar Steel bar in tension
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Elastic response
Crack width [mm]
2,0
1.58184
2
32
w6 s
1,5 1.5 25
w8 s
w 10 s
20
w 16 s 16
1,0
w 20 s
1
12
w 25 s
10
0,5 8
w 32 s 0.5
6
0 0
0 0
0
0
100
1 10
8
200
2 10
8
s
300
3 10
8
400
4 10
8
500
5 10
8
5 .10
8
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Yield penetration
2
pl
Fsu
y
lty lt,pl
Plastic zone
Elastic zone
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Response of connections
N Rupture
Fsu
of bar
Fsy
N N
wy 0,5 wu wu w
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
s
When will the
transverse bars
yield?
Depends on:
joint roughness
bond resistance of
transverse bar
Fv
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Force in bar
Examples
N [kN]
109
101
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Examples
Design of anchorage allowing
for full yield penetration
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Examples
Estimation of tie bar stiffness
N N
Design of loop
connection
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Prevention of progressive
collapse
Withstand accidental
loading
Reducing the risk of
accidental loading
Increase redundancy and
prevent propagation of
initial damage
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
3,0
4,5
3,0
6,0
5,0 5,0
[m]
N Tie force
Fsu
Fsy
d
A B
wy 0,5 wu wu w
Crack width l
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Beam column
connections
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Floor connections:
no restraint, unintended restraint, full restraint, partial
continuity in the service state
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Example
2 rebars d=12
L = 5300
Rebars d 10 50
c/c 300, 40
L = 200+300 100
Thin plastic w
30
Plywood board 60 70 sheet
Fs
30x50x60 100 100 d
under webs, 200
2 pc./slab end
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
Torsional restraint
at beam support
Simply supported Firmly connected
Bjrn Engstrm
Division of Structural Engineering
fib Bulletin on
Structural Connections
Encourage good practice in design of
structural connections
Design philosophy
Connections Structural system
Understanding of basic force transfer
mechanisms
Bjrn Engstrm