CERTIFICATION.

I certify that I have read this report; it can be submitted for examination by the department.

Supervisors Signature Date

Mr. Dani Mfungo

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 DECLARATION

I, SYLIVANUS SYLIVIA K declare that this Report paper is my own work and has not been
used or submitted for any other Bachelors Degree in any organization, of Higher Learning
institution

Candidates signature
..

Date

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 ABBREVIATION

IT Information Technology
RJ 45 Registered jack (RJ) connector with a 45
TTCL Tanzania Telecommunication Company
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
RIP Routing Information Protocol
ICT Information and Communication Technology
PC Personal Computer
LAN Local Area Network
RAM Random Access Memory
CPU Central Processing Unit
CD Compact Disk
IDE Integrated Drive Electronics
ROM Read Only Memory
HDD Hard Disk Drive
DVD Digital Video Disc
MB Megabytes
UTP Unshielded twisted pair
ISP Internet Service Provider
DNS Domain Name Server

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 ABSTRACT

This report is a result of seven weeks practical training from 05 August 2014 up to 19 September
2014 conducted at Tanzania Telecommunication Company Limited (TTCL). As part of my
studies in the First and Second year, students must attend Practical Training so as to gain skills
and experience related to computer science studies. I worked under ICT office supervision all
over my stay.

This field report gives out the introduction which shows where the field was conducted and the
major functions of the organization, and assigned tasks that were performed during the whole
period of the field. Briefly it explains the challenges encountered during practical training. It also
shows the new knowledge gained by the student. Lastly the report pointed out some
recommendations that may be useful by the Faculty of Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) to Ruaha Catholic University for the further improvement of the program.

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 Contents
SUPERVISOR CERTIFICATION....................................................................................... i
DECLARATION............................................................................................................. ii
ABBREVIATION........................................................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................. iv
LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................................... v
CHAPTER ONE............................................................................................................. 1
1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 1
1.1 THE VISION AND MISSION OF TANZANIA TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY
LIMITED (TTCL)........................................................................................................ 1
1.2 SHORT HISTORY OF TTCL ORGANIZATION..........................................................1
1.3 ROLES AND ACTIVITIES OF THE ICT DEPARTMENT.............................................2
CHAPTER TWO............................................................................................................ 3
2. ASSIGNED TASKS................................................................................................. 3
2.1 NETWORKING.................................................................................................... 3
2.1.1 Connection of RJ45......................................................................................... 3
2.1.2 Configuration of Network Devices..................................................................4
2.2 PC MAINTENANCE.............................................................................................. 4
2.2.1 Disassembling and Assembling of PC.............................................................5
2.2.2 Installation of Operating System....................................................................5
2.2.3 Installation of Application Software.....................................................12
CHAPTER THREE....................................................................................................... 15
3. CHALLENGES..................................................................................................... 15
CHAPTER FOUR......................................................................................................... 16
4. NEW KNOWLEDGE GAINED................................................................................ 16
CHAPTER FIVE........................................................................................................... 17
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................17
5.1 CONLUSION..................................................................................................... 17
5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS....................................................................................... 17
References................................................................................................................ 18

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Showing difference in wiring straight and crossover cables............................................4

Figure 2: Illustration of Microsoft Enterprise 2007 installation....................................................14

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 CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION

The practical training was conducted at TANZANIA TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY

LIMITED (TTCL) which is located at Railway Street in Dodoma.

The services provided by the company are such as provision of TTCL broadband, VPN, TTCL
mobile, data and voice services

1.1 THE VISION AND MISSION OF TANZANIA

TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY LIMITED (TTCL)

1.1.1 VISION OF TTCL

To remain the leading Fixed Network Operator in Tanzania.

1.1.2 THE MISSION OF TTCL

To become the preferred Service provider of Communication service to our customers, through
continuous technical and customer care improvements with qualified and motivated employees
and contribute to the national development and usage of ICT.

1.2 SHORT HISTORY OF TTCL ORGANIZATION

Tanzania Telecommunications Company Limited (TTCL) is the oldest and largest fixed line
telecommunications company in Tanzania. The company comes forth from the former Tanzania
Posts and Telecommunications Corporation in 1993. TTCL was wholly owned by the
Government of Tanzania until the partial privatization of the company on February 23, 2001.

TTCL is governed by statute the Tanzania Telecommunications Act of 1993. The company is
licensee for fixed basic telephone services in Tanzania mainland and Zanzibar and hence it owns
and operates the public switched telephone network in mainland Tanzania and on Zanzibar.
Before the coming of mobile operators in late 1994, the company was enjoying monopoly on
Tanzania Mainland and a duopoly on Tanzania Zanzibar, where Zanzibar Telecoms Limited
(Zantel) was the second licensed fixed basic telephony operator.

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In February 1999 TTCL was having an exchange capacity of 192,365 lines and 126,515
connected direct exchange lines (DELs). The company was having a workforce of under 4,000 as

at February 1999. The company's revenues were approximately US$112 million in 1998, its

earnings before interest, tax and depreciation were approximately US$32 million in the same
year, and following a major capital restructuring it had a clean balance sheet.

The company has its headquarters and customer care allocated in Extelecom's Building in Dar Es
Salaam, Tanzania. TTCL also has operational and engineering branches in all regions in the
country. It has been working with Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd as the infrastructure vendor of
the company and Ericsson as a long-term strategic supplier of the company.[

1.3 ROLES AND ACTIVITIES OF THE ICT DEPARTMENT

The main duties being done by the ICT department includes:

a) Configuration of network devices and maintenance.
b) Connection of telephone service, data service and support to the customers.
c) Radio test and recording.
d) Broadband connection.

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 CHAPTER TWO
2. ASSIGNED TASKS

During practical training period I was assigned to various tasks which mostly fall under roles of
computer science department including Networking and PC Maintenance.

2.1 NETWORKING
During practical training I did activities related to computer networking.
Networking refers to as the process of interconnecting computers and hardware components by
communication channels to allow sharing of resources and information. The activities I did
include: connection of RJ45 and Configuration of network devices.

2.1.1 Connection of RJ45

I did connection of RJ45 to the UTP cable by considering on the wiring both straight through
Ethernet cable which is used to connect to a hub or switch and crossover Ethernet cable used to
operate in a peer-to-peer fashion without a hub/switch. Again by using the patching tool

Standard, Straight-Through Wiring Diagram (both ends are the same):

Wire Color Wire Diagram
RJ45 Pin #
1 White/Green Transmit+
2 Green Transmit-
3 White/Orange Receive+
4 Blue Unused
5 White/Blue Unused
6 Orange Receive-
7 White/Brown Unused
8 Brown Unused

WHILE

Crossover Cable Wiring Diagram (END 1 and END 2 are differently wired):
RJ45 Pin # Diagram End RJ45 Pin # Diagram End
Wire Color Wire Color
(END 1) #1 (END 2) #2
1 White/Orange 1 White/Green

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 RJ45 Pin # Diagram End RJ45 Pin # Diagram End
Wire Color Wire Color
(END 1) #1 (END 2) #2
2 Orange 2 Green
3 White/Green 3 White/Orange
4 Blue 4 White/Brown
5 White/Blue 5 Brown
6 Green 6 Orange
7 White/Brown 7 Blue
8 Brown 8 White/Blue
Figure 1: Showing difference in wiring straight and crossover cables

2.1.2 Configuration of Network Devices

DHCP Configuration
I did configuration of router as the DHCP server by using packet tracer.
DHCP (Dynamic Hosting Configuration Protocol) is a network protocol that is used to configure
network devices so that they can communicate on an IP network. DHCP is a network protocol
that is used to assign network parameters such as IP addresses, default gateway, subnet mask,
DNS (Domain Name Server) and other network parameters.

Using a router as a DHCP server has its pros and cons. For example, let's say you have a
multisite network, and you have decided to use your routers as DHCP servers for each network.
One benefit of running DHCP on routers is that it does not require any extra hardware (like a
Windows server does). In addition, running DHCP on a router can save your organization the
cost of a dedicated DHCP server. It also provides DHCP locally at each site regardless of
whether the WAN is operational.
But there are some drawbacks. For example, some administrators might not be too comfortable
monitoring and troubleshooting DHCP from a router; they may prefer to use Windows DHCP
Manager rather than Cisco IOS commands to check the status of client leases, manually
terminate a DHCP lease, or assign a static reservation. In addition, some administrators might
prefer implementing a centralized DHCP server in order to have one place to monitor and
troubleshoot DHCP.

VLAN Configuration
VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) is a logically separate IP subnetwork which allow multiple
IP networks and subnets to exist on the same-switched network.

VLAN is a logical broadcast domain that can span multiple physical LAN segments. It is a
modern way administrators configure switches into virtual local-area networks (VLANs) to
improve network performance by separating large Layer 2 broadcast domains into smaller ones.

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 By using VLAN a network administrator will be able to group together stations by logical
function, or by applications, without regard to physical location of the users.
Each VLAN functions as a separate LAN and spans one or more switches. This allows host
devices to behave as if they were on the same network segment.

For traffic to move between VLANs, a layer 3 device (router) is required.

VLAN has three major functions:

i. Limits the size of broadcast domains

ii. Improves network performance
ii. Provides a level of security

2.2 PC MAINTENANCE
During practical training I performed some PC maintenance activities including:
disassembling and assembling, installations of operating system (windows) and
some application software.

2.2.1 Disassembling and Assembling of PC

Here I did disassemble and assemble of PC so as to add another RAM, also performing blowing
to remove dust.

2.2.2 Installation of Operating System

I installed window XP as one of operating system by performing the following steps
Step 1 - Start your PC and place your Windows XP CD in your CD/DVD-ROM drive. Your PC
should automatically detect the CD and you will get a message saying "Press any key to boot
from CD". Soon as computer starts booting from the CD you will get the following screen:

Step 2 - At this stage it will ask you to press F6 if you want to install a third party Raid driver. If
you are using an IDE Hard Drive then you do not need to press F6. If you are using a SATA Hard

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drive then you must press F6 otherwise Windows will not detect your Hard Drive during the
installation. Please make sure you have the Raid drivers on a floppy disk. Normally the drivers
are supplied on a CD which you can copy to a floppy disk ready to be installed. If you are not
sure how to do this then please read your motherboard manuals for more information.

Step 3 - Press S to Specify that you want to install additional device.

Step 4 - You will be asked to insert the floppy disk with the Raid drivers. Press enter after you
have inserted the disk.

Step 5 - You will see a list of Raid drivers for your HDD. Select the correct driver for your
device and press enter.

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Step 6 - You will then get a Windows XP Professional Setup screen. You have the option to do a
new Windows install, Repair previous install or quit. Since we are doing a new install we just
press Enter to continue.

Step 7 - You will be presented with the End User Licensing Agreement. Press F8 to accept and
continue

Step 8 - This step is very important. Here we will create the partition where Windows will be
installed. If you have a brand new unformatted drive you will get a screen similar to below. In
our case the drive size is 8190MB. We can choose to install Windows in this drive without
creating a partition, hence use the entire size of the drive. If you wish to do this you can just
press enter and Windows will automatically partition and format the drive as one large drive.

However for this demonstration I will create two partition. The first partition will be 6000MB
(C: drive) and second partition would be 2180MB (E: drive). By creating two partitions we can
have one which stores Windows and Applications and the other which stores our data. So in the
future if anything goes wrong with our Windows install such as virus or spyware we can re-
install Windows on C: drive and our data on E: drive will not be touched. Please note you can
choose whatever size partition you like. For example if you have 500GB hard drive you can have
two partitions of 250GB each.

Press C to create a partition.

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Step 8 - Windows will show the total size of the hard drive and ask you how much you want to
allocate for the partition you are about to create. I will choose 6000MB. You will then get the
screen below. Notice it shows C: Partition 1 followed by the size 6000 MB. This indicates the
partition has been created. We still have an unpartitioned space of 2189MB. Next highlight the
unpartitioned space by pressing down the arrow key. Then press C to create another partition.
You will see the total space available for the new partition. Just choose all the space left over, in
our case 2180MB.

Step 9 - Now you will see both partition listed. Partition 1 (C: Drive) 6000MB and Partition 2
(E: Drive) 2180MB. You will also have 8MB of unpartitioned space. Don't worry about that. Just
leave it how it is. Windows normally has some unpartitioned space. You might wonder what
happened to D: drive. Windows has automatically allocated D: drive to CD/DVD-ROM.

Select Partition 1 (C: Drive) and press Enter.

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Step 10 - Choose format the partition using NTFS file system. This is the recommended file
system. If the hard drive has been formatted before then you can choose quick NTFS format. We
chose NTFS because it offers many security features, supports larger drive size, and bigger size
files.

Windows will now start formatting drive C: and start copying setup files as shown on the two
images below:

Step 11 - After the setup has completed copying the files the computer will restart. Leave the XP
CD in the drive but this time DO NOT press any key when the message "Press any key to boot
from CD" is displayed. In few seconds setup will continue. Windows XP Setup wizard will guide
you through the setup process of gathering information about your computer.

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Step 12 - Choose your region and language.

Step 13 - Type in your name and organization.

Step 14. Enter your product key.

Step 15 - Name the computer, and enter an Administrator password. Don't forget to write down
your Administrator password.

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Step 16 - Enter the correct date, time and choose your time zone.

Step 17 - For the network setting choose typical and press next.

Step 18 - Choose workgroup or domain name. If you are not a member of a domain then leave
the default settings and press next. Windows will restart again and adjust the display.

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Step 19 - Finally Windows will start and present you with a Welcome screen. Click next to
continue.

2.2.3 Installation of Application Software

I installed Microsoft Office 2007 as one of application software. Hence below are the steps I
performed:

Step 1: click the Microsoft Office 2007 Enterprise set up.

Step 2: Will happen the feature and you will Enter the Product Key. Click Continue.

Step 3: Check the box "I accept the terms of this agreement" and click the Continue button.

Step 4: Choose an installation option, Upgrade (removes Office 2003) or Customize (keeps
Office 2003 installed and adds Office 2007, allowing you to use them both).

Note: Outlook 2003 will be uninstalled in either option. Outlook will be updated and your user
settings and mail will migrate to the new version.

If you click Upgrade, go on to Step 5.

If you click Customize, go on to Step 4a.

Step 4a: Click the radio button for "Keep all previous versions."

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Click the Installation Options tab, left-click the first drop down box and click Run all from My
Computer

Click Install Now.

Step 5: Installation will begin. It may take 15-30 minutes to finish.

Step 6: Finally will happen the feature below, Click Close to complete the installation.

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Figure 2: Illustration of Microsoft Enterprise 2007 installation

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 CHAPTER THREE
3. CHALLENGES

During practical training I faced some challenges such as:

I could not perform configuration to the real network devices since the ones present were
configured already. Instead I ended up with configuration by using packet tracer.

I could not perform real cabling since was done already hence I had to perform activities
such as connection of RJ45 and troubleshooting.

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 CHAPTER FOUR
4. NEW KNOWLEDGE GAINED

During practical training I got opportunity to gain new knowledge such as:

I knew on maintenance of various network devices such as switches, router, computers and
printers.

I knew how to configure network devices. Whereby I knew to configure router as DHCP server,
also configuration of switches when configuring VLAN.

I got to know how to troubleshoot network. There are commands to use when troubleshooting
such as ip config /all, IP config /release, IP config /renew

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 CHAPTER FIVE
5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 CONLUSION

In general through practical training I have obtained wide knowledge, experience and confidence
on computer related activities. Again through practical training I did not only learn how to apply
knowledge but also to interact with different people in the work environment. Since everyone has
his or her own behavior, attitude and interaction to be able to interact with them one has to be
very wise, patient and open minded.

5.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

I would ask the department to assist student interested to conduct their practical training at TTCL
to apply for them since the organization do not prefers individual request. Again I advise other
students to conduct their practical training at TTCL since they will be able to make practices on
much of the IT related issues.

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References
Computer Networks, Fourth Edition By Andrew s. Tanenbaum.
Guideline for writing PT report given by computer science department at RUCO.
PC Hardware in a Nutshell, 3 rd Edition by Robert Bluce Thompson, Barbara fritchman
Thompson.
www.google.com
www.ttcl.ac.tz

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